Apple Using the GarageBand Jam Pack User Manual

Using the GarageBand Jam Pack: World Music Instruments

GarageBand Jam Pack: World Music contains over 40 new Software Instruments featuring sounds from around the globe. You can use these instruments to create your own world music compositions or add an ethnic flavor to songs in any style.

This document contains the following information about using the instruments included in World Music:

“Introducing the World Music Instruments” on page 1

“Performance Tips” on page 46

Introducing the World Music Instruments

World Music gives you a collection of instruments from around the world, including both traditional folk instruments and modern popular instruments. The instruments included in World Music span the musical cultures of Africa, Asia, India and the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas, including instruments in the following categories:

Bass,

featuring a Latin “baby” bass, Mexican guitarron, and Russian balalaika.

Choir,

featuring South African choral singers and voice effects.

Guitars,

lute, Spanish flamenco guitar, and two Turkish lutes: the oud and the saz.

Mallets,

ensemble, and a set of Tibetan singing bowls.

Pianos and Keyboards,

tango accordion.

Strings,

guzheng zither, Indian sitar, Irish bouzouki and fiddle, Japanese koto, and Persian santoor.

featuring a Chinese ruan “moon guitar,” Hawaiian ukulele, European medieval

featuring an African kalimba and marimba, an Indonesian gamelan

featuring an Afro-Cuban upright piano, polka accordion, and

featuring a Celtic hammered dulcimer and harp, Chinese erhu violin and

Woodwinds,

bagpipes, Indian bansuri flute and shehnai oboe, Japanese shakuhachi flute, European medieval recorder, Native American flute, and Peruvian panpipes.

Drum Kits,

percussion kits. Each kit contains a variety of instruments.

This document describes the software instruments included in World Music, lists controller information for each instrument, and provides some performance tips for using the instruments.

featuring a Celtic tin whistle, Chinese di zi and xiao flutes, Highlands

featuring African, Asian, European, Indian and Middle Eastern, and Latin

Bass

Every musical style based on harmony makes use of bass instruments to set the harmonic as well as rhythmic foundation. World Music includes two bass instruments from Latin America and one from Russia.

Latin Baby Bass

The Latin “baby” bass is an upright electric bass guitar with a compact body that has become widely used in salsa bands around Latin America, particularly in Cuba. The baby bass is played through an amplifier, but has a tone similar to an upright bass. Afro-Cuban music makes frequent use of cross-rhythms, and the punchy sound of the baby bass allows it to cut through as it interweaves with the drummer’s rhythms.

The baby bass is made of wood and metal, and uses metal strings tuned in the standard E-A-D-G bass guitar tuning.

Mexican Guitarron

The guitarron (also called “chitarrone”) is used as the bass instrument in mariachi bands in Mexico and throughout Central and South America. It is a large, fretless bass guitar with very deep sides which create a large resonant chamber to amplify the sound. In addition to its traditional role, the guitarron has been used by pop and rock groups.

The open strings are usually tuned to the notes A-D-G-C-E-A, with the high A string tuned below the C string. This allows the bass line to be played in octaves, with the player’s thumb picking the lower note and the index and middle fingers alternately plucking the higher note. The three lowest strings are steel, while the higher strings are nylon. The action is quite high, requiring great strength to play the instrument.

Russian Balalaika

The balalaika is a Russian folk instrument with a long history. In the 19th century, the balalaika was expanded to include families of instruments in several sizes from soprano (called “prima”) to bass, and music was created for balalaika ensembles using innovative strumming and picking techniques. In 1888 the first balalaika orchestra debuted to popular acclaim, and the balalaika became a favorite of both the court and the public. Ensembles toured Europe and visited America in the early 20th century.

All balalaikas have a triangular body, with the top usually made of spruce or fir, and a long neck across which three strings are stretched. Prima and alto instruments are played with the fingers, while bass balalaikas are played with very thick leather picks. The Russian Balalaika Software Instrument includes both a bass and a prima instrument, enabling you to perform across the range of an entire balalaika orchestra.

Bass

Instrument Controller Info

Latin Baby Bass Â

Mexican Guitarron Â

Russian Balalaika Â

Mod wheel adds vibrato. Highest velocity adds slide up to note.

Mod wheel adds brighter tone. Velocity increases attack and volume.

Mod wheel adds tremolo to notes above A3. Highest velocity adds slide up to note.

Choir

World Music includes two instruments featuring the sounds of a South African choir: one singing common syllables and the other performing voice effects.

South African Singers South African Voice Effects

Music-making in Africa belongs to all people, and Africa’s many musical styles are all folk styles that developed from local cultures. While its history is not recorded, the sound of the South African choir is believed to have developed in migrant labor camps in the early 20th century. It provided workers with one of the few means for both communal recreation and personal recognition. The singers often perform intricately choreographed dance steps along with the singing. In the past two decades, the sound of the South African choir has become known to Western audiences through its use by popular artists and in movie soundtracks.

Contemporary South African choral groups are usually divided into the standard four voice-parts: soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. The South African Singers Software Instrument features the voices singing four commonly used syllables; the South African Voice Effects instrument features three additional syllables, one in both long and short versions. In both instruments, the four parts are distributed and blended across the keyboard range.

Choir

Instrument Controller Info

South African Singers Â

South African Voice Effects Â

Mod wheel gives four different syllables: “Ooh,” “Hemm,” “La,” and “Ah.” Velocity increases volume.

Mod wheel gives four different syllables: “Ti,” “Timo,” “Mo,” and a short “Mo.” Velocity increases volume.

Guitars

World Music includes a Chinese ruan moon guitar, a Hawaiian ukulele, an Irish bouzouki, a Spanish flamenco guitar, and two Turkish lutes: the oud and the saz.

Chinese Ruan Moon Guitar

The ruan “moon guitar” (also called the yueqin) is a fretted stringed instrument that has been a part of Chinese music for more than 2000 years. The instrument is named for a fabled musician of the third century known as one of the “Seven Sages of Bamboo Grove,” and has changed little since its ancient beginnings.

The ruan has a circular wooden body and a short neck that holds four strings. The neck has 24 frets divided into semitones, similar to a European guitar. The strings are tuned in fifths like those of a violin, commonly to the notes G-D-A-E or A-D-A-D. The ruan produces a delicate, mellow tone, and is used both for accompanying singers and as a solo instrument. In modern times, orchestras of ruan have been created with instruments of different sizes and ranges.

Hawaiian Ukulele

The ukulele was developed on the islands of Hawaii in the late 19th century, based on instruments brought to the islands by Portuguese immigrants. It quickly spread throughout the islands, and became Hawaii’s most popular instrument. The word

ukulele

means “jumping flea,” and some believe the name comes from the islanders’

first impression of the player’s hands flying across the fingerboard.

The shape of the ukulele is like a smaller version of a Spanish guitar, with a figure-eight body and a round sound hole behind the strings. Ukuleles exist in many different sizes, but the soprano and concert-sized ukuleles are the most common. Both are most often tuned to the notes G-C-E-A. The soprano is sometimes tuned a whole step higher, and other tunings, such as Bb-Eb-G-C, are sometimes used to enable the ukulele to accompany singers in different keys.

Irish Bouzouki

Although the bouzouki (sometimes called the octave mandolin) is of Greek origin, it is the modified Irish bouzouki that has become popular in the recent revival of Celtic music. Bouzoukis were introduced to Irish traditional music in the 1970s, and have become an important part of the contemporary Celtic sound. The bouzouki is often used to give definition to the lines below the melody.

The Irish bouzouki is a long-necked instrument with a pear-shaped body and three or four courses of metal strings. Bouzoukis are typically tuned to the notes G-D-A-E. The lower courses are tuned in octaves, while the upper courses are tuned in unison. The player frets notes with the left hand and plucks notes with a pick held in the right hand. The tone of the Irish bouzouki is penetrating and metallic.

Medieval Lute

The European lute evolved from ancient Middle Eastern stringed instruments, and was widely used during the Medieval and Renaissance periods to accompany singers and as a solo instrument. The word

lute

derives from the same root as

oud,

an Arabic word

meaning “wood.”

The lute is a plucked stringed instrument with a deep, pear-shaped body and a flat top. The top features a soundhole that is typically intricately carved in the shape of a knot or vine. The neck is made of light wood, and necks became wider as the lute developed to accommodate a greater number of strings. The strings are typically doubled, with each pair tuned in unison. The upper strings could be tuned in fourths, similar to a guitar, or could be tuned to the notes of a chord (for example, D-A-D-F). The lower courses were tuned in steps, allowing the player to play bass lines without having to fret each note.

The lute was originally played using a quill to pluck the strings. As European music became more polyphonic, players began to perform using their fingers, allowing greater freedom for playing counterpoint.

Spanish Flamenco Guitar

The passionate style of music and dance known as flamenco originated in Andalusia, at the crossroads of Gitano (Gypsy), Moorish, and Jewish cultures. Originally, flamenco consisted of unaccompanied singing, but soon the singers were accompanied by the guitar, as well as hand clapping, foot stamping, and dance. Today, traditional flamenco has absorbed influences from jazz, salsa, and popular music, leading to a new offshoot called “Nuevo Flamenco” (New Flamenco).

The flamenco guitar shares the same lineage as the Spanish classical guitar. Both evolved from earlier Arabian and Moorish instruments, and are made of wood, with a figure-eight shape and a central sound hole. Both use six gut or nylon strings tuned to the notes E-A-D-G-B-E.

However, the manner of performing flamenco is quite different from that of classical music. Rather than re-creating music composed in advance, flamenco players have room to improvise and express individual emotions. In order to express “the heat of the moment,” flamenco guitarists use a variety of playing techniques, including:

Picado:

Pulgar:

Rasgueado:

Plucking the strings alternately with the index and middle fingers.

Plucking the strings with the thumb.

Quickly strumming up or down the strings, sometimes with the index

finger, sometimes with the right-hand fingers moving one after the other.

Tirando:

“Free stroke” with the first three fingers playing the upper strings and the

thumb playing the bass notes.

Harmonics:

Stopping the string with one hand while plucking with the other to

produce a higher harmonic of the note.

The Spanish Flamenco Guitar instrument gives you the ability to use all these playing techniques, accessed using different note velocities and the mod wheel.

Turkish Oud Lute

The oud is a stringed instrument common to Turkish and Arabic civilizations. An ancient legend claims that the oud was created by one of Adam’s grandsons. However, modern historians believe that it was invented in Mesopotamia in the second millennium B.C.

The front of the body is flat, with a central sound hole, while the back is pear-shaped, creating a resonant chamber to strengthen the sound. The neck is fairly short, and supports from five to eight sets of strings. Each string except for the lowest is doubled in unison. The player uses a pick (called the “mizrap” in Turkish), originally made from a bird’s feather, to pluck the strings. There are four-, five-, and six-course ouds, each with its own tuning.

Turkish Saz Lute

The saz is descended from earlier long-necked lutes which can be traced back to Babylon and Sumeria. These instruments, including the kopuz and cogur, played a historic role in Turkish music. Today, the saz is the most commonly found folk instrument in Turkey, with distinct regional playing styles and techniques.

The saz has a long, thin neck and a teardrop-shaped body. The neck is traditionally made of fir and the body carved from a single piece of mulberry wood. Small soundholes are carved into the top and also sometimes the sides of the body. The strings are metal, usually steel or brass, and the player uses a long pick to pluck them. There are several sizes of saz, ranging from the smallest, the cura (with three sets of strings) to the medium-sized baglama (with six sets of strings) to the larger divan or meydan (with nine strings).

Guitars

Instrument Controller Info

Chinese Ruan Moon Guitar Â

Hawaiian Ukulele Â

Irish Bouzouki Â

Medieval Lute Â

Spanish Flamenco Guitar Â

Turkish Oud Lute Â

Turkish Saz Lute Â

Mod wheel adds a short tremolo. Velocity increases attack and volume.

Highest velocity adds slide up to note.

Velocity adds attack and volume.

Mod wheel adds tremolo. Velocity increases attack and volume.

Highest velocity adds slide up to note.

Velocity adds attack and volume.

Mod wheel adds harmonics an octave above the note played. Velocity increases attack and volume; changes strummed chords

on notes below B1. Highest velocity adds slide up to note.

Notes below B1 play strummed chords; notes above B5 play body

taps and knocks.

Mod wheel adds pull-off down to note. Velocity increases attack and volume.

Highest velocity adds wavering to note.

Mod wheel adds tremolo. Velocity increases attack and volume.

Highest velocity adds short trill to note.

Lowest octave plays the first, fifth, and octave.

Mallets

World Music includes mallet instruments from the African continent, the islands of Indonesia, and the mountainous nation of Tibet.

African Kalimba

The kalimba (also called the “thumb piano”) was invented by African slaves in the Caribbean, using ingenuity to create an instrument from extremely limited resources. It consists of a small wooden box with a central sound hole, with a row of metal bars suspended above. The player presses the bars with either thumb to sound different notes. The player can change the tone by changing the amount of pressure used to press the bars. Kalimbas can be found in a variety of sizes and tunings.

African Marimba

The marimba is a large instrument consisting of a set wooden bars laid out like the keys of a piano. Below each bar is a resonating tube that amplifies its sound. The player strikes the bars using mallets—typically wooden sticks with heads made of felt, rubber, or other materials. The sound of the African marimba is richer and fuller than that of the concert version of the instrument.

The Indonesian islands are home to a unique form of ensemble music-making using mallet percussion instruments. The gamelan has fascinated composers and listeners since being brought to the West at the beginning of the 20th century.

Indonesian Gamelan

Gamelan is the name for the traditional music ensemble of Indonesia. Both Bali and Java have both produced distinctive styles of gamelan playing with histories extending over many centuries. The word

gamelan

means “ensemble” or “orchestra.”

The sound of a gamelan is produced by a combination of metallic percussion instruments, including the xylophone-like

reyong.

Gangsa are struck with hammer-shaped mallets, while reyong are struck with

gangsa

and sets of suspended gongs called

wooden sticks wound with rope. Both instruments can be muted by the player’s free hand; with the Indonesian Gamelan Software Instrument, you can play ringing and muted notes on both the gangsa and reyong using the mod wheel.

The characteristic shimmering sound of the gamelan is produced by slight differences in tuning between instruments playing interlocking patterns. Another technique of gamelan performance involves playing the same melody at several different rates simultaneously, creating intricate, interweaving patterns.

Tibetan Singing Bowls

Tibetan singing bowls (also called “Himalayan bowls”) have been used by monks as part of Buddhist meditation for hundreds of years. The bowls, which are handmade of metal and come in a variety of sizes, are played by striking the edge or rubbing (or “stirring”) the inside surface. According to tradition, singing bowls produce no sound if they are played incorrectly, but, when played correctly, produce a smooth, relaxing sound that is beneficial to the chakras of both player and listeners.

Mallets

Instrument Controller Info

African Kalimba Â

African Marimba Â Mod wheel adds vibrato.

Indonesian Gamelan Â Mod wheel controls whether notes ring or are stopped.

Tibetan Singing Bowls Â Mod wheel adds vibrato.

Mod wheel adds vibrato.

Â Velocity increases attack and volume.

Â Velocity adds attack and volume. Â Notes below B1 play reyong gongs; B1 and above play gangsa.

Â Velocity increases attack and volume.

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