Apple Developer Note iBook Service Manual
Developer Note
iBook Computer
November 2002
Apple Computer, Inc.
© 2001, 2002 Apple Computer, Inc.
All rights reserved.
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Contents
Figures and Tables 7
Preface
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
About This Developer Note
Introduction
New Features 11
All Features 11
Peripheral Devices 13
System Software 14
Machine Identification 15
Power Stepping 15
Target Disk Mode 16
Architecture
Block Diagram and Buses 17
Block Diagram 17
Main ICs and Buses 19
Microprocessor and Cache 19
Power PC G3 Microprocessor 19
L2 Cache 20
Memory and I/O Device Controller 20
System RAM 21
Boot ROM 21
Ethernet Controller 21
FireWire Controller 22
Graphics IC 22
Ultra DMA IDE Bus 23
USB Interface 23
11
17
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Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
3
CONTENTS
Modem Support 23
Sound Circuitry 24
Power Control IC 24
AirPort Card 25
Chapter 3
Devices and Ports
27
USB Ports 27
USB Connector 27
USB Technology 28
Wake on Connect and Resume 29
USB Storage Devices 29
USB Controller 29
FireWire Port 29
FireWire Connector 30
FireWire Device Programming 31
Ethernet Port 32
Internal Modem 33
AirPort Card 33
Data Security 34
AirPort Hardware 34
AirPort Software 35
Bluetooth Technology 35
Hard Disk Drive 36
Hard Disk Dimensions 36
Hard Disk Connector 38
Signal Assignments 39
ATA Signal Descriptions 40
DVD-ROM/CD-RW Combo Drive 42
CD-ROM Drive 42
Trackpad 43
Keyboard 43
Removing the Keyboard 43
Keyboard Illustrations 45
Changing the Operation of the Keyboard 49
Using the Fn Key 49
Using the Num Lock Key 49
4
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CONTENTS
The Function-Keys Checkbox 50
Operations of the Function Keys 51
The Embedded Keypad 51
Other Control Keys 53
Flat Panel Display 53
External Display Port 54
Video Display Connector 55
Older Monitors Not Supported 57
Sound System 57
Audio Minijack 58
Internal Microphone 58
Internal Speakers 58
Internal Modem 59
CD Audio 59
Chapter 4
Appendix A
RAM Expansion
The RAM Expansion Slot 61
The RAM Expansion Module 63
Mechanical Design of the RAM SO-DIMM 64
Electrical Design of the RAM SO-DIMM 64
SDRAM Devices 65
Configuration of RAM SO-DIMMs 65
Address Multiplexing 66
RAM SO-DIMM Electrical Limits 66
61
Supplemental Reference Documents
Apple Technical Notes 67
3D Graphics 67
PowerPC G3 Microprocessor 68
Mac OS X 68
Mac OS 9.2.2 69
Open Firmware 69
RAM Expansion Modules 70
ATA Devices 70
67
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5
CONTENTS
USB Interface 71
FireWire Interface 71
Target Disk Mode 72
Wireless Networks 72
Bluetooth 72
Appendix B
Conventions and Abbreviations
Typographical Conventions 75
Abbreviations 75
Index
81
75
6
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
Figures and Tables
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Architecture
Figure 2-1 Block diagram 18
Table 2-1 Buses supported by the Pangea IC 20
Devices and Ports
Figure 3-1 USB Type A connector 28
Figure 3-2 FireWire connector 30
Figure 3-3 Maximum dimensions of the internal hard disk 37
Figure 3-4 Hard disk connector and location 38
Figure 3-5 Unlocking the keyboard 44
Figure 3-6 Replacing the keyboard 45
Figure 3-7 Keyboard layout 46
Figure 3-8 Alternate operations of function and control keys 47
Figure 3-9 Embedded numeric keypad operation 48
Figure 3-10 Video display connector 55
Table 3-1 Pin assignments on the USB port 28
Table 3-2 Pin assignments on the FireWire connector 30
Table 3-3 Signals on the Ethernet connector 32
Table 3-4 Pin assignments on the ATA hard disk connector 39
Table 3-5 Signals on the ATA hard disk connector 40
Table 3-6 Types of media read and written by the DVD-ROM/CD-RW
drive 42
Table 3-7 Setting the default behavior of the function keys 50
Table 3-8 The function keys as control buttons 51
Table 3-9 Embedded keypad keys 51
Table 3-10 Control keys that change 53
Table 3-11 Display adapters 54
Table 3-12 Video signals for a VGA display 56
Table 3-13 Video signals for a TV display 56
17
27
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7
FIGURES AND TABLES
Chapter 4
RAM Expansion
61
Figure 4-1 The AirPort Card and antenna cable 62
Figure 4-2 The RAM shield plate 63
Table 4-1 Sizes of RAM expansion DIMMs and devices 65
Table 4-2 Types of DRAM devices 66
8
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
PREFACE
About This Developer Note
This developer note gives a technical description of the iBook computer. The note
provides information about the computer’s internal design, input-output features,
and expansion capabilities.
Note:
This developer note has been updated to include information about the
latest product features and configurations.
This developer note is intended to help hardware and software developers design
products that are compatible with the Macintosh products described here. For
additional technical information on Macintosh computers, refer to “Supplemental
Reference Documents” (page 67).
The information in this note is arranged in four chapters and two appendixes.
Chapter 1, “Introduction” (page 11), introduces the iBook computer and
■
describes its features, with emphasis on the changes since the previous model.
Chapter 2, “Architecture” (page 17), describes the internal logic of the iBook
■
computer, including the main ICs that appear in the block diagram.
Chapter 3, “Devices and Ports” (page 27), describes the standard I/O ports and
■
the built-in I/O devices.
Chapter 4, “RAM Expansion” (page 61), describes the RAM expansion module.
■
■
Appendix A, “Supplemental Reference Documents” (page 67), tells where to
find more information about specific technologies used in the iBook computer.
■
Appendix B, “Conventions and Abbreviations” (page 75), lists the standard
units and abbreviations used in this developer note.
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
9
PREFACE
About This Developer Note
10
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
CHAPTER 1
1 Introduction
The iBook computer is a portable computer for the consumer and education
markets. This chapter lists the computer’s features, with emphasis on the changes
from the previous models.
New Features
The features that have changed are listed here along with references to the sections
that describe them.
■
Processor speed:
800 MHz. See “Power PC G3 Microprocessor” (page 19).
■
Graphics IC:
includes 16 or 32 MB of graphics DDR SDRAM. See “Graphics IC” (page 22).
All Features
Here is a list of the features of the iBook computer. Each feature is described in a
later chapter, as indicated in the list.
■
Processor speed:
800 MHz. See “Power PC G3 Microprocessor” (page 19).
Processor L2 cache:
■
New Features
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
The clock speed of the Power PC G3 microprocessor is 700 or
The display controller is an ATI Mobility Radeon 7500 and
The clock speed of the Power PC G3 microprocessor is 700 or
The L2 cache size is 512 KB. See “L2 Cache” (page 20).
11
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
■
Power Stepping:
This feature slows down the processor to conserve battery
power when the computer is idle. For more information, see “Power Stepping”
(page 15).
■
Cache:
The microprocessor has a built-in L2 cache consisting of 512 KB of fast
static RAM. The clock speed for the backside cache is the same as the clock speed
of the microprocessor. See “L2 Cache” (page 20).
■
System RAM:
The computer comes with 128 or 256 MB of RAM. The second
128 MB occupies the expansion slot. For more information, see “RAM
Expansion” (page 61).
■
Hard disk storage:
The computer has a hard disk drive with a storage capacity
of 20 or 30 GB (and CTO 40 GB). For more information and developer guidelines
for alternative hard drives, see “Hard Disk Drive” (page 36).
CD-ROM drive:
■
One configuration of the 12.1-inch model has a built-in
24x-speed CD-ROM drive. See “CD-ROM Drive” (page 42).
Combination DVD-ROM/CD-RW drive:
■
Two configurations have a
combination DVD-ROM/CD-RW drive. For more information, see
“DVD-ROM/CD-RW Combo Drive” (page 42).
Display:
■
Two TFT display sizes are available: a 12.1-inch and a 14.1-inch. Both
displays have XGA (1024 by 768) resolution. See “Flat Panel Display” (page 53).
External display connector:
■
The external display connector supports VGA,
composite, and S-video monitors and projectors. See “External Display Port”
(page 54).
Graphics IC:
■
The display controller is an ATI Mobility Radeon 7500 and
includes 16 or 32 MB of graphics DDR SDRAM. See “Graphics IC” (page 22).
■
Microphone:
The computer has a built-in microphone. See “Sound System”
(page 57).
■
Battery:
The computer has one battery bay. The battery in the 12.1-inch display
models uses six lithium ion cells and provides over 5 hours of operation under
normal use. The battery in the 14.1-inch display model uses eight lithium ion
cells and provides up to 6 hours of operation under normal use.
■
USB ports:
The computer has two external USB ports. See “USB Ports”
(page 27).
■
FireWire port:
The computer has an IEEE-1394 FireWire high-speed serial port.
See “FireWire Port” (page 29).
12
All Features
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
■
Target disk mode:
The computer can act like a FireWire storage device
connected to another computer. See “Target Disk Mode” (page 16).
■
Modem:
The computer has a built-in modem that supports 56 Kbps data rate
with V.92 modem standards. See “Internal Modem” (page 33).
■
Ethernet:
The computer has a built in Ethernet port for 10Base-T and 100Base-T
operation. See “Ethernet Port” (page 32).
■
AirPort Card:
An AirPort Card is available as a build-to-order option or as a
user-installable upgrade. See “AirPort Card” (page 33).
■
Sound:
The computer has a built-in microphone and stereo speakers; it
provides stereo output signals on the audio minijack. See “Sound System”
(page 57).
■
Keyboard:
The keyboard has function keys and inverted-T arrow keys. Some of
the function keys are used to control the brightness and sound and to eject a
disk. The keyboard also includes an embedded numeric keypad. See
“Keyboard” (page 43).
■
Trackpad:
The integrated trackpad includes tap/double tap and drag features.
See “Trackpad” (page 43).
■
Weight:
With the battery installed, the 12.1-inch display models weigh
approximately 2.2 kg (4.9 pounds) and the 14-1-inch display model weighs
approximately 2.6 kg (5.9 pounds). The exact weight depends on the
configuration.
■
Size:
The 12.1-inch display models are 28.50 cm (11.2 inches) wide,
depth 23.03 cm (9.06 inches) deep, and 3.42 cm (1.35 inches) thick. The 14.1-inch
display model is 32.3 cm (12.7 inches) wide, 25.8 cm (10.2 inches) deep, and
3.42 cm (1.35 inches) thick.
Security slot:
■
The iBook computer has a slot for attaching a Kensington security
cable.
Peripheral Devices
In addition to the devices that are included with the computer, several peripheral
devices are available separately:
Peripheral Devices
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
13
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
■
The AirPort Card wireless LAN module is available separately as a
user-installable option.
■
The battery is available separately as an additional or replacement battery.
■
The power adapter, which comes with the computer, is also available separately.
The adapter can recharge the internal battery in less than six hours while the
computer is running or in three and a half hours while the computer is shut
down or in sleep mode.
■
A power cable for use on airliners is also available. The airline power cable
should have a sense resistor of 24.3K ohms connected between the power plug's
shell and ground. See also “Power Control IC” (page 24).
■
A video adapter with composite and S-video connectors is available separately.
■
A video adapter with a 15-pin VGA connector, included with the computer, is
also available separately.
■
Additional Apple Memory Module SO-DIMM SDRAM memory cards are
available.
System Software
The iBook computer comes with both Mac OS X v. 10.2 and Mac OS 9.2.2 installed.
Mac OS X is the default system. The Mac OS 9.2.2 software contains additional
drivers for the graphics controller and CD-RW/Combo optical drives.
For more information about Mac OS X, see the reference listed in “Mac OS X”
(page 68). For the latest information about Mac OS 9.2, see the references listed in
“Mac OS 9.2.2” (page 69).
Here are a few items of interest about the system software on the iBook computer.
14
System Software
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Machine Identification
Current and recent Macintosh ROMs share the same BoxFlag. The intent is for
applications to use properties in the Open Firmware device tree rather than
checking BoxFlag to find out the features of the machine. On all these machines, a
call to
gestaltMachineType
Asset management software that reports the kind of machine it is run on can obtain
the value of the property at
The model string is the first program-usable string in the array of C strings in the
compatible field. For the iBook computer, the model property value is PowerBook4,3.
The string obtained from the compatible property cannot be displayed to the
computer user. If available, use the result from calling Gestalt ('mnam', &result),
where result is a string pointer. This call returns a Pascal style string that can be
displayed to the user.
Applications should not use either of these results to infer the presence of certain
features; instead, applications should use Gestalt calls to test for the features they
require.
returns the value 406 ($196).
Devices:device-tree:compatible
in the name registry.
Power Stepping
To conserve power when operating on battery power, the iBook computer supports
two methods of power stepping to slow down the processor clock. One method is
an inherent feature of the PowerPC G3 chip, called Dynamic Power Stepping (DPS)
and cannot be adjusted by the user. DPS is controlled automatically by the system,
stepping up the processor speed for performance-intensive applications and
stepping down the processor speed for energy-efficient applications.
Under Mac OS X, users can manually step down the processor by adjusting the
Energy Saving Settings, which are located under the Energy Saver panel of System
Preferences. Users can select from preconfigured profiles including Automatic,
Highest Performance, Longest Battery Life, DVD Playback, and Presentations, or
customize their own energy settings. Highest Performance and Longest Battery Life
profiles override the DPS feature. Highest Performance maintains the highest
processor speed while Longest Battery Life caps the processor speed at 400MHz.
System Software
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
15
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Under Mac OS 9, the user can manually step down the processor in the Energy
Saver control panel, which is also accessible via the control strip. In the Energy
Saver control panel, the user can check a check box labeled Reduce Processor Speed
in the Advanced Settings panel. In the Energy Saver control strip, the user can select
Faster Processor Speed or Slower Processor Speed.
Target Disk Mode
The user has the option at boot time to put the iBook computer into a mode of
operation called target disk mode (TDM). When the iBook computer is in target disk
mode and connected to another Macintosh computer by a FireWire cable, the iBook
computer operates like a FireWire mass storage device with the SBP-2 (Serial Bus
Protocol) standard. Target disk mode has two primary uses:
■ data transfer between computers
■ diagnosis and repair of a corrupted internal hard drive
The iBook computer can operate in target disk mode as long as the other computer
has a FireWire port and either Mac OS X (any version) or Mac OS 9 with FireWire
software version 2.3.3 or later.
To put the iBook computer into target disk mode, restart the computer and hold
down the T key until the FireWire icon appears on the display. Then connect a
FireWire cable from the iBook computer to the other computer. When the other
computer completes the FireWire connection, a hard disk icon appears on its
desktop.
If the iBook computer is turned off or the FireWire cable is disconnected while in
target disk mode, an alert appears on the other computer. Disconnecting while the
disk is in use can cause loss of data on the disk.
To take the iBook computer out of target disk mode, drag the hard disk icon on the
other computer to the trash, then press the power button on the computer.
For more information about target disk mode, see the section “Target Mode” in
Technical Note TN1189, The Monster Disk Driver. For information about obtaining
the technical note, see “Apple Technical Notes” (page 67).
16 System Software
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
CHAPTER 2
2 Architecture
This chapter describes the architecture of the iBook computer.
Block Diagram and Buses
This section is an overview of the major ICs and buses on the computer’s main logic
board.
Block Diagram
Figure 2-1 is a simplified block diagram of the main logic board. The diagram shows
the input and output connectors, the main ICs, and the buses that connect them
together.
Block Diagram and Buses 17
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
CHAPTER 2
k
Architecture
Figure 2-1 Block diagram
128 MB SDRAM
SO-DIMM
(on 14.1" model)
Memory bus
128 MB
SDRAM
Boot ROM
Airport card
(optional)
Hard disk
drive
Optical drive
PMU99
power controller
PowerPC G3
microprocessor
(L2 cache: 512K 1:1)
60x bus
I/O bus
Pangea
memory
controller
and I/O
device
Ultra
ATA bus
controller
AGP 2X
bus
Flat-panel
display
ATI Mobility
Radeon 7500
graphics IC
FireWire
PHY
Ethernet
PHY
Tumbler
audio
system
Modem
External
display
connector
FireWire port
Ethernet port
Audio minijac
Internal
microphone
Internal
speakers
Modem
connector
USB port A
USB port B
Trackpad
Keyboard
18 Block Diagram and Buses
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
Power supply
and charger
CHAPTER 2
Architecture
Main ICs and Buses
The architecture of the iBook computer is designed around the PowerPC G3
microprocessor and the custom Pangea memory and I/O controller. The Pangea IC
occupies the center of the block diagram.
Note: The Pangea IC combines the functions of the Uni-N and KeyLargo ICs used
in earlier models.
The microprocessor is connected to the Pangea IC by a 60x bus with 64 data lines
and a bus clock speed of 100 MHz. The Pangea IC has other buses that connect with
the Boot ROM, the main system RAM, the graphics IC, and the Ethernet and
FireWire PHY ICs. Each of the components listed here is described in one of the
following sections. The buses implemented by the Pangea IC are summarized in
Table 2-1, which is in the section “Memory and I/O Device Controller”.
Microprocessor and Cache
The microprocessor communicates with the rest of the system by way of a 100-MHz,
64-bit 60x bus to the Pangea IC. The backside cache is built into the microprocessor.
Power PC G3 Microprocessor
The microprocessor used in the iBook computer is a PowerPC G3. It has several
features that contribute to superior performance, including:
■ on-chip level 1 (L1) caches, 32 KB each for instruction cache and data cache
■ an on-chip second level (L2) cache consisting of 512 KB with a clock speed ratio
of 1:1
■ a microprocessor core optimized for Mac OS applications
The G3 microprocessor in the iBook computer normally runs at a clock speed of 700
or 800 MHz. The Power Stepping feature slows the clock speed to save power when
the computer is idle. See “Power Stepping” (page 15).
Microprocessor and Cache 19
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
CHAPTER 2
Architecture
L2 Cache
The data storage for the L2 cache consists of 512 KB of fast static RAM that is built
into the microprocessor chip along with the cache controller. The built-in L2 cache
runs at the same clock speed as the microprocessor.
Memory and I/O Device Controller
The Pangea memory controller and I/O device controller IC provides cost and
performance benefits by combining many functions into a single IC. It contains the
memory controller, the PCI bus bridge, the Ethernet and FireWire interfaces, and
the AGP port.
In addition to the buses listed in Table 2-1, the Pangea IC also has separate interfaces
to the physical layer (PHY) ICs for Ethernet and FireWire and an I2C interface that
is used for configuring the memory subsystem.
Table 2-1 Buses supported by the Pangea IC
Name of bus Destinations Width of data path Bus clock speed
60x bus Microprocessor 64 bits 100 MHz
Memory bus System RAM 64 bits 100 MHz
AGP 2X bus Graphics IC 32 bits 66 MHz
Ultra DMA
IDE bus
The Pangea IC provides DB-DMA (descriptor-based direct memory access) support
for the I/O channels. The DB-DMA system provides a scatter-gather process based
on memory resident data structures that describe the data transfers. The DMA
engine is enhanced to allow bursting of data files for improved performance.
20 Memory and I/O Device Controller
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
Hard drive and
CD or DVD drive
16 bits 33 MHz
CHAPTER 2
Architecture
The microprocessor is described in its own section. The following sections describe
the other subsystems that are connected to the Pangea IC.
System RAM
The memory subsystem in the iBook computer consists of 128 MB of SDRAM
soldered on the main logic board and one expansion slot for an SO-DIMM. In some
models, the expansion slot is occupied by a 128-MB SO-DIMM for a total of 256 MB
of system RAM.
The data bus to the RAM and DIMM is 64 bits wide, and the memory interface is
synchronized to the 60x bus interface at 100 MHz. See also “RAM Expansion”
(page 61).
Boot ROM
The boot ROM includes the hardware-specific code and tables needed to start up
the computer, to load an operating system, and to provide common hardware
access services.
The boot ROM is connected to the card slot interface of the Pangea IC. The boot
ROM is a 1 M by 8 bit flash device and can be updated in the field.
Ethernet Controller
The Pangea IC includes an Ethernet media access controller (MAC) that implements
the link layer. As a separate channel connected directly to the Pangea logic, it can
operate at its full capacity without degrading the performance of other peripheral
devices. The Pangea IC provides DB-DMA support for the Ethernet interface.
The controller is connected to a PHY interface IC that is capable of operating in
either 10-BaseT or 100-BaseT mode. The actual speed of the link is automatically
negotiated by the PHY and the bridge or router to which it is connected. For
information about the connector and the operation of the port, see “Ethernet Port”
(page 32).
Memory and I/O Device Controller 21
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
CHAPTER 2
Architecture
FireWire Controller
The Pangea IC includes an IEEE 1394 FireWire controller with a maximum data rate
of 400 Mbits (50MBytes) per second. The Pangea IC provides DMA (direct memory
access) support for the FireWire interface. The FireWire controller complies with the
Open Host Controller Interface (OHCI) specification.
The controller IC implements the FireWire link layer. A physical layer IC, called a
PHY, implements the electrical signalling protocol of the FireWire interface. The
PHY is the interface to the external connector. For information about the connector
and the operation of the port, see “FireWire Port” (page 29).
Graphics IC
The graphics IC is an ATI Mobility Radeon 7500. It provides video for both the
internal flat panel display and an external video display. The signals to the external
display can be either VGA, composite video, or S-video; for more information,
see“External Display Port” (page 54).
The Mobility Radeon IC includes either 16 MB of DDR SDRAM on the CD-ROM
model or 32 MB of DDR SDRAM on the Combo drive models. The graphics IC
supports a display size of 1024 by 768 pixels and also has a scaling mode that
displays a 640-by-480 or 800-by-600 pixel image on the full screen.
The Mobility Radeon 7500 IC also has a 3D graphics engine for fast rendering of 3D
objects.
The signal generated for the flat panel display is simultaneously available for an
external display. The external display mirrors the built-in display. For more
information, see “External Display Port” (page 54).
Because the graphics IC uses the AGP bus, it can use part of main memory as
additional graphics storage. The computer’s virtual memory system organizes main
memory as randomly-distributed 4 KB pages, so DMA transactions for more than
4 KB of data would have to perform scatter-gather operations. To avoid this
necessity for graphics storage, the AGP logic in the Pangea IC uses a graphics
address remapping table (GART) to translate a linear address space for AGP
transactions into physical addresses in main memory.
22 Memory and I/O Device Controller
Apple Computer, Inc. November 2002
CHAPTER 2
Architecture
Ultra DMA IDE Bus
The Pangea IC provides an Ultra DMA IDE (integrated drive electronics) channel
that is connected to the internal hard disk drive and the CD or DVD drive. The Ultra
DMA IDE interface, also called Ultra-DMA/33 and ATA-5, is an improved version
of the EIDE interface. The Pangea IC provides DB-DMA (descriptor-based direct
memory access) support for the Ultra DMA interface.
The internal hard disk drive is connected as device 0 (master) in an ATA Device 0/
1 configuration. The CD or DVD drive is connected as device 1 (slave). Digital audio
data from the CD or DVD drive is processed by the Sound Manager and then sent
out through the Pangea IC to the sound IC.
USB Interface
The Pangea IC implements two independent USB controllers (root hubs), each of
which is connected to one of the ports on the side panel of the computer. The use of
two independent controllers allows both USB ports to support high data rate
devices at the same time with no degradation of their performance. If a user
connects a high-speed (12 Mbps) device to one port and another high-speed device
to the other, both devices can operate at their full data rates.
The external USB connectors support USB devices with data transfer rates of
1.5 Mbps and 12 Mbps. For more information, see “USB Ports” (page 27).
USB devices connected to the iBook computer are required to support USB-suspend
mode as defined in the USB specification. Information about the operation of
USB-suspend mode on Macintosh computers is included in the Mac OS USB DDK
API Reference. To obtain that document, please see the references at “USB
Interface” (page 71).
The USB ports on the iBook computer comply with the Universal Serial Bus
Specification 1.1 Final Draft Revision. The USB controllers comply with the Open
Host Controller Interface (OHCI) specification.
Modem Support
The internal modem is connected to an internal USB port. The Pangea IC provides
DB-DMA support for the modem interface. The modem provides digital call
progress signals to the Tumbler sound circuitry.
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Architecture
The internal modem is a separate module that contains the datapump IC and the
interface to the telephone line (DAA). The controller functions are performed by the
main processor. See “Internal Modem” (page 33)
Sound Circuitry
The iBook computer has sound circuitry, called Tumbler, that is connected to the
Pangea IC by a standard I2S bus. The Pangea IC provides DB-DMA
(descriptor-based direct memory access) support for the I2S port.
The sound circuitry includes a signal processing IC that handles the equalization
and volume control functions and a codec IC that performs A-to-D and D-to-A
conversion.
All audio is handled digitally inside the computer. The Tumbler circuitry performs
digital-to-analog conversion for the audio signals to the internal speakers and the
headphone mini-jack. The Tumbler circuitry also provides parametric equalization
for the internal speakers.
Modem progress audio is connected as a digital input to the sound circuitry so that
it can be mixed into the sound output stream. The modem progress audio is
processed as play-through only, not as a digital sound source.
The iBook computer has no dedicated sound input jack. The sound system supports
the built-in microphone and other sound input by way of a USB microphone or
other USB audio device. For information about sound system operation, see “Sound
System” (page 57).
Power Control IC
The power manager IC in the iBook computer is a Mitsubishi M16C/62F
microprocessor, also called the PMU99. It operates with its own RAM and ROM.
The functions of the PMU99 include:
■ controlling the sleep and power on and off sequences
■ controlling power to the other ICs
■ monitoring the battery charge level
■ controlling battery charging
■ supporting the interface to the built-in keyboard and trackpad
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Architecture
The iBook computer can operate from a 15-volt power outlet on an airliner, however
for safety reasons the computer will not allow battery charging. In order for the
computer to detect the connection to airline power, the airline power cable should
have a sense resistor of 24.3K ohms connected between the power plug's shell and
ground.
The PMU99 also provides the hardware interface to the keyboard and trackpad.
Software in the PMU99 IC scans the keyboard and receives data from the trackpad,
then sends the data to the system in packets like those from the ADB. To the system,
the keyboard and trackpad behave as if they were ADB devices.
AirPort Card
The AirPort Card shares the card slot interface to the Pangea IC with the boot ROM.
The AirPort Card contains a media access controller (MAC), a digital signal
processor (DSP), and a radio-frequency (RF) section. The card has a connector for
the cable to the antennas, which are built into the computer’s case.
The AirPort Card is based on the IEEE 802.11b standard. The card transmits and
receives data at up to 11 Mbps and is compatible with older 802.11-standard
systems that operate at 2 or 1 Mbps. For information about its operation, see
“AirPort Card” (page 33).
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Architecture
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