Agilent Technologies E9300 User Manual

Operating and Service Guide

Agilent Technologies

E-Series E9300 Power Sensors

Agilent Technologies Part no. E9300-90016

January 1999

Printed in the USA.

Legal Information

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

Certification

Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.

Warranty

This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective. For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country. Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

Legal Information

Limitation of W a rr anty

The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance. NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Exclusive Remedies

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

General Safety Information

The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service and repair of this sensor. Failure to comply with these precautions or specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the sensor. Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.

The Instruction Documentation Symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the supplied documentation.

WARNING BEFORE CONNECTING THE POWER SENSOR TO OTHER

INSTRUMENTS ensure that all instruments are connected to the protective (earth) ground. Any interruption of the protective earth grounding will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury.

Sound Emission

Herstellerbescheinigung

Diese Information steht im Zusammenhang mit den Anforderungen der Maschinenlarminformationsverordnung vom 18 Januar 1991.

• Sound Pressure LpA < 70 dB.

•Am Arbeitsplatz.

• Normaler Betrieb.

• Nach DIN 45635 T. 19 (Typprufung).

Manufacturers Declaration

This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the German Sound DIN 45635 T. 19 (Typprufung).

• Sound Pressure LpA < 70 dB.

• At operator position.

• Normal operation.

• According to ISO 7779 (Type Test).

General Safety Information

Conventions

The following text and format conventions are used to highlight items of safety and the operation of the associated power meter.

Safety

This guide uses cautions and warnings to denote hazards.

Caution Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not

correctly performed or adhered to, would result in damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

WARNING Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

Power Meter Front Panel Operation

This guide uses the following symbols to denote power meter front panel keys and display legends.

)URQW3DQHO.H\

6RIWNH\/DEHO

Display Text

A function name in a keycap symbol indicates the use of a key physically located on the power meter’s front panel.

A function name in display-font indicates the use of a key down the right side of the power meter’s display adjacent to the displayed text

Text shown in this font indicates message text displayed by the power meter.

Documentation

Sensors Covered by Manual

These sensors have a two-part serial number: the prefix (two letters and the first four numbers), and the suffix (the last four numbers). The two letters identify the country in which the unit was manufactured. The four numbers of the prefix are a code identifying the date of the last major design change incorporated in your sensor. The four-digit suffix is a sequential number and, coupled with the prefix, provides a unique identification for each unit produced. The contents of this manual apply directly to all serial numbers unless otherwise indicated.

Related Publications

The Agilent E-Series E9300 Power Sensors Operating and Service Guide is also available in the following languages:

• English Language Operating and Service Guide - Standard

• German Language Operating and Service Guide - Option ABD

• Spanish Language Operating and Service Guide - Option ABE

• French Language Operating and Service Guide - Option ABF

• Japanese Language Operating and Service Guide - Option ABJ

• Italian Language Operating and Service Guide - Option ABZ

• Korean Language Operating and Service Guide - Option AB1

Further useful information can be found in:

• Application Note 64-1B, Fundamentals of RF and Microwave Power Measurements, available by ordering through your local Agilent Technologies Sales Office.

• The Agilent EPM Series Power Meter User’s Guide and Programming

Guide.

Documentation

Table of Contents

Legal Information.....................................................................................3

Notice .................................................................................................3

Certification.......................................................................................3

Warranty ............................................................................................3

Limitation of Warranty.....................................................................4

Exclusive Remedies ......................................................................... 4

General Safety Information .................................................................... 5

Sound Emission ................................................................................ 5

Conventions.......................................................................................6

Safety..................................................................................................6

Power Meter Front Panel Operation.............................................. 6

Documentation.........................................................................................7

Sensors Covered by Manual ............................................................ 7

Related Publications.........................................................................7

Introduction ...................................................................11

General Information .............................................................................. 13

Power Meter Requirements...........................................................13

The Agilent E-Series E9300 Power Sensors in Detail................. 14

Getting Started ....................................................................................... 16

Initial Inspection .............................................................................16

Checking Power Meter Firmware and DSP Revision ................ 16

Interconnections and Calibration................................................. 17

Specifications ..................................................................................18

Page

Making Measurements ..................................................19

Power Meter Configuration Changes ..................................................21

Measuring Spread Spectrum and Multitone Signals..........................22

CDMA Signal Measurements......................................................... 23

Multitone Signal Measurements.................................................... 24

Measuring TDMA Signals......................................................................25

Power Meter and Sensor Operation .............................................25

Achieving Stable Results with TDMA Signals.............................25

Achieving Stable Results with GSM Signals................................26

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Measurements .....................27

Measurement Accuracy and Speed......................................................28

Setting the Range ............................................................................28

Measurement Considerations........................................................29

Accuracy...........................................................................................29

Speed and Averaging ......................................................................30

Summary ..........................................................................................30

Specifications and Characteristics ............................. 31

Introduction ............................................................................................32

E9300/1/4/A Power Sensor Specifications...........................................33

Switching Point ...............................................................................39

Calibration Factor and Reflection Coefficient ............................41

E9300/1B and H Power Sensor Specifications ...................................44

Switching Point ...............................................................................51

Service ........................................................................... 59

General Information...............................................................................60

Cleaning............................................................................................60

Connector Cleaning ........................................................................60

Performance Test...................................................................................61

Standing Wave Ratio (SWR) and Reflection Coefficient (Rho) Per-

formance Test..................................................................................61

Replaceable Parts...................................................................................63

Service .....................................................................................................67

Principles of Operation ..................................................................67

Troubleshooting ..............................................................................68

Repair of Defective Sensor ............................................................68

Disassembly Procedure..................................................................68

Reassembly Procedure...................................................................69

Sales and Service Offices ......................................................................70

Introduction

What You’ll Find In This Chap ter

This Chapter introduces you to the HP E-series E9300 power sensors, some detail on their operation, the minimum power meter requirements and connecting to your power meter. It contains the following sections:

• “General Information” on page 13

• “The Agilent E-Series E9300 Power Sensors in Detail” on page 14

• “Getting Started” on page 16

Figure 1 Typical HP E-series E9300 power sensors.

General Information

Welcome to the HP E-series E9300 power sensors Operating and Service Guide! This guide contains information about the initial inspection, operation,

specifications and repair of the HP E-series E9300 power sensors. Use this guide as a supplement to the Agilent EPM series power meters User’s Guides. It is 3-hole drilled to allow you to retain it in the power meter’s binder.

All power meter functions are detailed in the Agilent EPM series power meters User’s Guide and Programming Guide, however, this guide contains information specific to the operation of Agilent E-series E9300 power sensor.

Power Meter Requi rem ents

The HP E-series E9300 power sensors are NOT compatible with the earlier HP 430-Series, HP E1416A, or HP 70100A power meters. They are compatible ONLY with the Agilent EPM series power meters. Also, not all Agilent EPM series power meters are immediately compatible - your power meter must use firmware and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) code from a specific release onwards. see Checking Power Meter Firmware and DSP Revision on page 16 tells you how to check your power meter and have it upgraded if required.

General Information

The Agilent E-Series E9300 Power Sensors in Detail

Most power sensors used for measuring average power employ either thermocouple or diode technologies. Diode based sensors frequently rely on the application of correction factors to extend their dynamic range beyond their square law response region, typically -70 dBm to -20 dBm. However, while this technique achieves wide dynamic range capability, it is limited to continuous wave (CW) signals outside the square law region. Modulated signals must be padded down or at low levels, with their average and peak power levels within the diode square law region, to be measured accurately. Accurate, average power measurement of high level signals carrying modulation cannot be obtained using a CW correction factor technique. Specialized modulation sensors provide accurate measurements but are bandwidth limited.

The HP E-series E9300 power sensors are true average, wide dynamic range RF microwave power sensors. They are based on a dual sensor diode pair/attenuator/diode pair proposed by Szente et. al. in 1990 shows a block diagram of this technique.

. Figure 2



Lower Range (-60 dBm to -10 dBm)



Upper Range (-10 dBm to +20 dBm)

RF in

Low Sense

High Sense

Figure 2 Simplified Block Diagram of Diode Pair/Attenuator/Diode

Pair

This technique ensures the diodes in the selected signal path are kept in their square law region, thus the output current (and voltage) is proportional to the input power. The diode pair/attenuator/diode pair assembly can yield the

1. US Patent #4943764, assigned to Agilent Technologies

General Information

average of complex modulation formats across a wide dynamic range, irrespective of signal bandwidth. The dual range Modified Barrier Integrated

Diode (MBID)

package includes further refinements to improve power

handling allowing accurate measurement of high level signals with high crest

factors without incurring damage

to the sensor.

These sensors measure average RF power on a wide variety of modulated signals and are independent of the modulation bandwidth. They are ideally suited to the average power measurement of multi-tone and spread spectrum signals such as CDMA, W-CDMA and digital television formats. Also, pulsed, TDMA signals can be measured within the constraints detailed in “Measuring TDMA Signals” on page 25.

The results are displayed on a compatible

power meter in logarithmic (dBm

or dB) or linear (Watts or %) measurement units.

1. November 1986 Hewlett-Packard Journal pages 14-2, “Diode Integrated Circuits for Millimeter-Wave Applications.

2. Refer “Maximum Power” on page 35 and page -47 to for maximum power handling specifications

3. An Agilent EPM-Series power meter is required as specified in the section see Checking Power Meter Firmware and DSP Revision on page 16.

Getting Started

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or packaging material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked mechanically and electrically. If there is mechanical damage, notify the nearest Agilent Technologies office. Keep the damaged shipping materials (if any) for inspection by the carrier and a Agilent Technologies representative. If required, you can find a list of Agilent Technologies Sales and Service offices on page -70.

Checking Power Meter Firm ware and DSP Revision

Before proceeding, first ensure your Agilent EPM series power meter has both the required firmware and DSP revisions for the correct operation of your Agilent EPM series power meters.

On the power meter press , , , .

System Inputs

Service

Version

DSP Revision Code

Figure 3 Power Meter Firmware Version Screen

Firmware Revision Code (dual channel)

Getting Started

First check the section labelled

'635HYLVLRQ. Release A.01.11 or later is

required. If your power meter has an earlier release, please contact your nearest Service Office (listed on page -70) to arrange an upgrade.

Next check the section labelled

0DLQ):5HY. Release A1.04.00 or later is

required for single channel meters; release A2.04.00 or later is required for dual channel meters. For E9300 power sensors with suffix ‘B’ or ‘H’, firmware revision A1.06.00 or later is required for single channel meters; revision A2.06.00 or later is required for dual channel meters. If your power meter has an earlier release, please contact your nearest Agilent Service Office (listed on page -70) to arrange an upgrade.

Note You can carry out the firmware upgrade yourself if your power meter

has the required. Access http://www.agilent.com/find/powermeters

and click onthe link:

“EPM Series E4418B Single-Channel Power Meter” or “EPM Series E4419B Dual-Channel Power Meter”. Click the “Software, Firmware and Drivers” link and follow the downloading

instructions.

Interconnections and Calibration

Connect one end of an Agilent 11730 series sensor cable to the Agilent E-series E9300 power sensor and connect the other end of the cable to the power meter’s channel input. Allow a few seconds for the power meter to download the power sensor’s calibration table.

Caution The Agilent 9304A Sensor is DC coupled. DC voltages in excess of the

maximum value (5 Vdc) can damage the sensing diode.

Note Ensure power sensors and cables are attached and removed in an

indoor environment.

To carry out a zero and calibration cycle as requested by the power meter proceed as follows:

• Ensure the Agilent E-series E9300 power sensor is disconnected from any signal source.

• When calibrating Agilent E-series E9300B or E9301B sensors, first remove the attenuator.

Getting Started

• On the power meter, press , (or / ).

Zero

Zero Zero A Zero B

Cal

During zeroing the wait symbol is displayed.

• When the wait period is complete connect the Agilent E-series power sensor to the power meter’s POWER REF output.

• Press (or , / ). The wait symbol is again

Cal Cal Cal A Cal B

displayed during calibration.

On completion the power meter and sensor are ready to connect to the device under test (DUT). Ensure the attenuator is re-connected to the Agilent E-series E9300B or E9301B sensors prior to making measurements.

Caution The Agilent E-series E9300B or E9301B sensors should not be

operated without the attenuator connected at any time other than for calibration. You must ensure the attenuator is reconnected following calibration.

WARNING BEFORE CONNECTING THE POWER SENSOR TO OTHER

The measurement connector (for connection to DUT) is Type-N (male) for all the HP E-series E9300 power sensors. A torque wrench should be used to tighten these connectors. Use a 3/4-inch open-end wrench and torque to 12 in-lb (135 Ncm) for the Type-N connector.

Specifications

The specifications listed in Chapter 3, Specifications and Characteristics, are the performance standards or limits against which the power sensor may be tested. These specifications are valid ONLY after proper calibration of the power meter. Refer to the “Calibration Procedure Using Agilent E-Series Power Sensors” in your Agilent EPM series power meter User’s Guide.

Making Measurements

What You’ll Find In This Chap ter

This Chapter shows you how to use the HP E-series E9300 power sensors to make power measurements on signals with different modulation formats. For all other operations please refer to your Agilent EPM series power meter

User’s Guide.

This chapter contains the following sections:

• “Power Meter Configuration Changes” on page 21

• “Measuring Spread Spectrum and Multitone Signals” on page 22

• “Measuring TDMA Signals” on page 25

• “Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Measurements” on page 27

• “Measurement Accuracy and Speed” on page 28

Power Meter Configuration Changes

The Agilent EPM series power meter recognizes when an Agilent E-series E9300 power sensor is connected. The sensor calibration data is automatically read by the power meter. In addition, the HP E-series E9300 power sensors change the auto-averaging settings used by the power meter. These are also automatically configured.

Sensor Dynamic Range

E9300/1HE9300/1/4A

10 dBm

2 dBm

-4 dBm

Upper Range

-10 dBm

-20 dBm

-30 dBm

-40 dBm

Lower Range

-50 dBm

Figure 4 Auto-averaging Settings

20 dBm 12 dBm

6 dBm 0 dBm

-10 dBm

-20 dBm

-30 dBm

-40 dBm

E9300/1B

40 dBm 32 dBm 26 dBm 20 dBm

10 dBm

0 dBm

-10 dBm

-20 dBm

Maximum

Sensor Power

Minimum

Sensor Power

Resolution Setting

1234

1114 11416 11 1 4 16 128 11664128

1114 11216 121664 4 16 128 256

32 64 256 256

Number of Averages

Note These values are valid only for the power meter channel connected to

the Agilent E-series E9300 power sensor and only while the sensor is connected. Averaging settings can also be manually configured. Refer to “Achieving Stable Results with TDMA Signals” on page 25 if required.

Measuring Spread Spectrum and Multitone Signals

To achieve high data transfer rates within a given bandwidth, many transmission schemes are based around phase and amplitude (I and Q) modulation. These include CDMA, W-CDMA and digital television. These signals are characterized by their appearance on a spectrum analyzer display — a high amplitude noise-like signal of bandwidths up to 20 MHz. An 8 MHz bandwidth digital television signal is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 Spread Spectrum Signal

Prior to the HP E-series E9300 power sensors, average power measurement over a wide dynamic range of these signals required either tuned/swept signal analyzer methods or a dual channel power meter connected to power sensors, pads and a power splitter.

The diode pair/attenuator/diode pair architecture of the HP E-series E9300 power sensors is ideally suited to the average power measurement of these signals. The sensors have wide dynamic range (80 dB max, sensor dependent) and are bandwidth independent.

Some signal modulation formats such as orthogonal-frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and CDMA have large crest factors. The Agilent

E-series E9300/1/4A power sensors can measure +20 dBm average power even in the presence of +13 dB peaks as long as the peak pulse duration is less than 10 microseconds. For high power applications, such as base-station testing the E9300/1B and E9300/1H are recommended.

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