ADOBE LIVECYCLE User Manual

Using

ADOBE® LIVECYCLE® DATA SERVICES ES2

Version 3.1

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Chapter 1: Getting started with LiveCycle Data Services

Introducing LiveCycle Data Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Building and deploying LiveCycle Data Services applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Chapter 2: System architecture

Client and server architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Channels and endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Managing session data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Data serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Chapter 3: Controlling data traffic

Data throttling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Deserialization validators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Advanced data tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Message delivery with adaptive polling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Measuring message processing performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

iii

Chapter 4: RPC services

Using RPC services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Chapter 5: Message Service

Using the Message Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190

Connecting to the Java Message Service (JMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Chapter 6: Data Management Service

Introducing the Data Management Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Data Management Service clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

Data Management Service configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Custom assemblers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Standard assemblers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

Hierarchical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Data paging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Occasionally connected clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Server push . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323

Chapter 7: Model-driven applications

Building your first model-driven application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

Building an offline-enabled application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Customizing client-side functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Customizing server-side functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348

Generating database tables from a model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

Creating a client for an existing service destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

Configuring a data source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

Configuring RDS on the server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

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Contents

Building the client application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372

Using server-side logging with the Model Assembler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Setting Hibernate properties for a model in a Hibernate configuration file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Configuring the model deployment service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Entity utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

Chapter 8: Edge Server

Connecting an Edge Server to a server in the application tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391

Example application configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394

Creating a merged configuration for client compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

Edge Server authentication and authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Restricting access from the Edge Server with white lists and black lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Connecting Flex clients to an Edge Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

Handling missing Java types at the edge tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

JMX management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

Chapter 9: Generating PDF documents

About the PDF generation feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Using the PDF generation feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404

Chapter 10: Run-time configuration

About run-time configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Configuring components with a bootstrap service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411

Configuring components with a remote object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

Using assemblers with run-time configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Accessing dynamic components with a Flex client application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

Chapter 11: Administering LiveCycle Data Services applications

Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429

Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442

Integrating Flex applications with portal servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451

Chapter 12: Additional programming topics

The Ajax client library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460

Extending applications with factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476

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Chapter 1: Getting started with LiveCycle Data Services

Introducing LiveCycle Data Services

Adobe® LiveCycle® Data Services provides highly scalable remote access, messaging, and data management services for use with client-side applications built in Adobe® Flex® or Adobe® AIR™.

LiveCycle Data Services overview

LiveCycle Data Services provides a set of services that lets you connect a client-side application to server-side data, and pass data among multiple clients connected to the server. LiveCycle Data Services synchronizes data sharing among clients, performs data push and data conflict management, and implements real-time messaging between clients.

A LiveCycle Data Services application consists of two parts: a client-side application and a server-side J2EE web application. The following figure shows this architecture:

Web Ser ve r

Client

J2EE Server

LiveCycle Data Services ES

The client-side application

A LiveCycle Data Services client application is typically an Flex or AIR application. Flex and AIR applications use Flex components to communicate with the LiveCycle Data Services server, including the RemoteObject, HTTPService, WebService, Producer, Consumer, and DataService components. The HTTPService, WebService, Producer, and Consumer components are part of the Flex Software Development Kit (SDK). To use the DataService component, configure your development environment to use the LiveCycle Data Services SWC files. For more information, see “Building and deploying LiveCycle Data Services applications” on page 9.

Although you typically use Flex or AIR to develop the client-side application, you can develop the client as a combination of Flex, HTML, and JavaScript. Or, you can develop it in HTML and JavaScript by using the Ajax client library to communicate with LiveCycle Data Services. For more information on using the Ajax client library, see

Ajax client library” on page 460.

“The

The LiveCycle Data Services server

The LiveCycle Data Services server consists of a J2EE web application and a highly scalable socket server running on a J2EE application server. The LiveCycle Data Services installer creates three web applications that you can use as the basis of your application development. For more information on using these web applications, see

deploying LiveCycle Data Services applications” on page 9.

“Building and

Configure an existing J2EE web application to support LiveCycle Data Services by performing the following steps:

1 Add the LiveCycle Data Services JAR files and dependent JAR files to the WEB-INF/lib directory.

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Getting started with LiveCycle Data Services

2 Edit the LiveCycle Data Services configuration files in the WEB-INF/flex directory.

3 Define MessageBrokerServlet and a session listener in WEB-INF/web.xml.

Versions of LiveCycle Data Services

You can download a free developer version of LiveCycle Data Services with certain restrictions on its use. For more information, see the LiveCycle Enterprise Suite page on

www.adobe.com.

LiveCycle Data Services features

The following figure shows the main features of LiveCycle Data Services:

LiveCycle Data Services ES

RPC Services

Web S er vi ce

HTTP Service

Remoting Service

Messaging Service

Publish & Subscribe

Collaboration

Real Time Data push

Data Management Service

Data Synchronization

O-line Applications

Data Paging

Proxy Service

Portal Deployment

RIA-PDF Generation

Service Adapters

LiveCycle

SQL

Hibernate

ColdFusion

JMS

Java

Custom

LiveCycle Data Services core features

The LiveCycle Data Services core features include the RPC services, Message Service, and Data Management Service.

RPC services

The Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services are designed for applications in which a call and response model is a good choice for accessing external data. RPC services let a client application make asynchronous requests to remote services that process the requests and then return data directly to the client. You can access data through client-side RPC components that include HTTP GET or POST (HTTP services), SOAP (web services), or Java objects (remote object services).

Use RPC components when you want to provide enterprise functionality, such as proxying of service traffic from different domains, client authentication, whitelists of permitted RPC service URLs, server-side logging, localization support, and centralized management of RPC services. LiveCycle Data Services lets you use RemoteObject components to access remote Java objects without configuring them as SOAP-compliant web services.

A client-side RPC component calls a remote service. The component then stores the response data from the service in an ActionScript object from which you can easily obtain the data. The client-side RPC components are the HTTPService, WebService, and RemoteObject components.

Note: You can use Flex SDK without the LiveCycle Data Services proxy service to call HTTP services or web services directly. You cannot use RemoteObject components without LiveCycle Data Services or Adobe® ColdFusion®.

For more information, see “Using RPC services” on page 135.

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Message Service

The Message Service lets client applications communicate asynchronously by passing messages back and forth through the server. A message defines properties such as a unique identifier, LiveCycle Data Services headers, any custom headers, and a message body.

Client applications that send messages are called message producers. You define a producer in a Flex application by using the Producer component. Client applications that receive messages are called message consumers. You define a consumer in a Flex application by using the Consumer component. A Consumer component subscribes to a serverside destination and receives messages that a Producer component sends to that destination. For more information on messaging, see

“Using the Message Service” on page 190.

The Message Service also supports bridging to JMS topics and queues on an embedded or external JMS server by using the JMSAdapter. Bridging lets Flex client applications exchange messages with Java client applications. For more information, see

“Connecting to the Java Message Service (JMS)” on page 214.

Data Management Service

The Data Management Service lets you create applications that work with distributed data. By using the Data Management Service, you build applications that provide real-time data synchronization, data replication, on-demand data paging, and occasionally connected application services. You can manage large collections of data and nested data relationships, such as one-to-one and one-to-many relationships. You can also use data adapters to integrate with data resources, such as a database.

Note: The Data Management Service is not available in BlazeDS.

A client-side DataService component calls methods on a server-side Data Management Service destination. Use this component to perform activities such as filling client-side data collections with data from remote data sources and synchronizing the client and server versions of data. Changes made to the data at the client side are tracked automatically using property change events.

When the user is ready to submit their changes, the changes are sent to a service running on the server. This service then passes the changes to a server-side adapter, which checks for conflicts and commits the changes. The adapter can be an interface you write, or one of the supplied adapters that work with a standard persistence layer such as SQL or Hibernate. After the changes are committed, the Data Management Service pushes these changes to any other clients looking at the same data.

For more information, see “Introducing the Data Management Service” on page 221.

Service adapters

LiveCycle Data Services lets you access many different persistent data stores and databases including Hibernate, SQL, JMS, and other data persistence mechanisms. A Service Adapter is responsible for updating the persistent data store on the server in a manner appropriate to the specific data store type. The adapter architecture is customizable to let you integrate with any type of messaging or back-end persistence system.

The message-based framework

LiveCycle Data Services uses a message-based framework to send data back and forth between the client and server. LiveCycle Data Services uses two primary exchange patterns between server and client. In the first pattern, the requestresponse pattern, the client sends a request to the server to be processed. The server returns a response to the client containing the processing outcome. The RPC services use this pattern.

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The second pattern is the publish-subscribe pattern where the server routes published messages to the set of clients that have subscribed to receive them. The Message Service and Data Management Service use this pattern to push data to interested clients. The Message Service and Data Management Service also use the request-response pattern to issue commands, publish messages, and interact with data on the server.

Channels and endpoints

To send messages across the network, the client uses channels. A channel encapsulates message formats, network protocols, and network behaviors to decouple them from services, destinations, and application code. A channel formats and translates messages into a network-specific form and delivers them to an endpoint on the server.

Channels also impose an order to the flow of messages sent to the server and the order of corresponding responses. Order is important to ensure that interactions between the client and server occur in a consistent, predictable fashion.

Channels communicate with Java-based endpoints on the server. An endpoint unmarshals messages in a protocolspecific manner and then passes the messages in generic Java form to the message broker. The message broker determines where to send messages, and routes them to the appropriate service destination.

LiveCycle Data Services ES

Client

Channel

Endpoint

For more information on channels and endpoints, see “Client and server architecture” on page 27.

Channel types

LiveCycle Data Services includes several types of channels, including standard and secure Real Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) channels and channels that support binary Action Message Format (AMF) and its text-based XML representation called AMFX. AMF and HTTP channels support non-polling request-response patterns and client polling patterns to simulate real-time messaging. The RTMP channels and streaming AMF and HTTP channels provide true data streaming for real-time messaging.

LiveCycle Data Services summary of features

The following table summarizes some of the main features of LiveCycle Data Services:

Feature Description

Client-server synchronization

Automatic and manual synchronization of a common set of data on multiple clients and server-side data resources. Also supports offline client-side data persistence for occasionally connected clients.

Removes the complexity and potential for error by providing a robust, highperformance data synchronization engine between client and server. It also can easily integrate with existing persistence solutions to provide an end-to-end solution.

Collaboration Enables a client application to concurrently share data with other clients or servers.

Data paging Facilitates the paging of large data sets, enabling developers to focus on core

This model enables new application concepts like "co-browsing" and synchronous collaboration, which allow users to share experiences and work together in real time.

application business logic instead of worrying about basic data management infrastructure.

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Feature Description

Data push Enables data to automatically be pushed to the client application without polling.

Data traffic control Provides a set of features for managing data traffic, such as data throttling,

Model-driven development Use Adobe application modeling technology to facilitate the development of data-

Occasionally connected client

Portal service integration Configure a Flex client applications as local portlets hosted on JBoss Portal, Oracle

Proxy service Enables communication between clients and domains that they cannot access

Publish and subscribe messaging

This highly scalable capability can push data to thousands of concurrent users to provide up-to-the-second views of critical data. Examples include stock trader applications, live resource monitoring, shop floor automation, and more.

deserialization validation, reliable messaging, message prioritization, message filtering, and measuring message processing performance.

centric applications.

Handles temporary disconnects, ensuring reliable delivery of data to and from the client application. Provides support for the development of offline and occasionally connected applications that run in the browser or on the desktop. LiveCycle Data Services takes advantage of the scalable local SQLite database in AIR to store data, synchronize it back to the server, and rationalize any changes or conflicts.

WebLogic Portal, or IBM WebSphere Portal.

directly, due to security restrictions, allowing you to integrate multiple services with a single application. By using the Proxy Service, you do not have to configure a separate web application to work with web services or HTTP services.

Provides a messaging infrastructure that integrates with existing messaging systems such as JMS. This service enables messages to be exchanged in real time between browser clients and the server. It allows Flex clients to publish and subscribe to message topics with the same reliability, scalability, and overall quality of service as traditional thick client applications.

RIA-to-PDF generation Users can generate template-driven PDF documents that include graphical assets

Software clustering Handles failover when using stateful services and non-HTTP channels, such as RTMP,

from Flex applications, such as graphs and charts. The generated PDF documents can be orchestrated with other LiveCycle services and policy-protected to ensure only authorized access.

to ensure that Flex applications continue running in the event of server failure. The more common form of clustering using load balancers, usually in the form of hardware, is supported without any feature implementation.

Example LiveCycle Data Services applications

The following example applications show client-side and server-side code that you can compile and deploy to get started with LiveCycle Data Services. You typically use the following steps to build an application:

1 Configure a destination in the LiveCycle Data Services server used by the client application to communicate with

the server. A destination is the server-side code that you connect to from the client. Configure a destination in one of the configuration files in the WEB-INF/flex directory of your web application.

2 Configure a channel used by the destination to send messages across the network. The channel encapsulates

message formats, network protocols, and network behaviors and decouples them from services, destinations, and application code. Configure a channel in one of the configuration files in the WEB-INF/flex directory of your web application.

3 Write the Flex client application in MXML or ActionScript.

4 Compile the client application into a SWF file by using Adobe® Flash® Builder™ or the mxmlc compiler.

5 Deploy the SWF file to your LiveCycle Data Services web application.

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Running the examples

The LiveCycle Data Services installer creates a directory structure on your computer that contains all of the resources necessary to build applications. As part of the installation, the installer creates three web applications that you can use as the basis of your development environment. The lcds-samples web application contains many LiveCycle Data Services examples.

You can run the following examples if you compile them for the lcds-samples web application and deploy them to the lcds-samples directory structure. For more information on building and running the examples, see

“Building and

deploying LiveCycle Data Services applications” on page 9.

RPC service example

The Remoting Service is one of the RPC services included with LiveCycle Data Services. The Remoting Service lets clients access methods of Plain Old Java Objects (POJOs) on the server.

In this example, you deploy a Java class, EchoService.java, on the server that echoes back a String passed to it from the client. The following code shows the definition of EchoService.java:

package remoting; public class EchoService { public String echo(String text) { return "Server says: I received '" + text + "' from you"; } }

The echo() method takes a String argument and returns it with additional text. After compiling EchoService.java, place EchoService.class in the WEB-INF/classes/remoting directory. Notice that the Java class does not have to import or reference any LiveCycle Data Services resources.

Define a destination, and reference one or more channels that transport the data. Configure EchoService.class as a remoting destination by editing the WEB-INF/flex/remoting-config.xml file and adding the following code:

<destination id="echoServiceDestination" channels="my-amf"> <properties> <source>remoting.EchoService</source> </properties> </destination>

The source element references the Java class, and the channels attribute references a channel called my-amf.

Define the my-amf channel in WEB-INF/flex/services-config.xml, as the following example shows:

<channel-definition id="my-amf" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://{server.name}:{server.port}/{context.root}/messagebroker/amf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.AMFEndpoint"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>false</polling-enabled> </properties> </channel-definition>

The channel definition specifies that the Flex client uses a non-polling AMFChannel to communicate with the AMFEndpoint on the server. Restart the LiveCycle Data Services server after making this change.

Note: If you deploy this application on the lcds-samples web application installed with LiveCycle Data Services, servicesconfig.xml already contains a definition for the my-amf channel.

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The Flex client application uses the RemoteObject component to access EchoService. The RemoteObject component uses the

echo() method:

<?xml version="1.0"?>  <mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" width="100%" height="100%">

<mx:Script> <![CDATA[ import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent; import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;

// Send the message in response to a Button click. private function echo():void { var text:String = ti.text; remoteObject.echo(text); }

// Handle the recevied message. private function resultHandler(event:ResultEvent):void { ta.text += "Server responded: "+ event.result + "\n"; }

// Handle a message fault. private function faultHandler(event:FaultEvent):void { ta.text += "Received fault: " + event.fault + "\n"; } ]]> </mx:Script>

<mx:RemoteObject id="remoteObject" destination="echoServiceDestination" result="resultHandler(event);" fault="faultHandler(event);"/>

<mx:Label text="Enter a text for the server to echo"/> <mx:TextInput id="ti" text="Hello World!"/> <mx:Button label="Send" click="echo();"/> <mx:TextArea id="ta" width="100%" height="100%"/> </mx:Application>

destination property to specify the destination. The user clicks the Button control to invoke the remote

Compile the client application into a SWF file by using Flash Builder or the mxmlc compiler, and then deploy it to your web application.

Message Service example

The Message Service lets client applications send and receive messages from other clients. In this example, create a Flex application that sends and receives messages from the same LiveCycle Data Services destination.

Define the messaging destination in WEB-INF/flex/messaging-config.xml, as the following example shows:

Define the my-amf-poll channel in WEB-INF/flex/services-config.xml, as the following example shows:

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<channel-definition id="my-amf-poll" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://{server.name}:{server.port}/{context.root}/messagebroker/amfpoll" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.AMFEndpoint"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>true</polling-enabled> <polling-interval-seconds>1</polling-interval-seconds> </properties> </channel-definition>

This channel definition creates a polling channel with a polling interval of 1 second. Therefore, the client sends a poll message to the server every second to request new messages. Use a polling channel because it is the easiest way for the client to receive updates. Other options include polling with piggybacking, long-polling, and streaming. Restart the LiveCycle Data Services server after making this change.

The following Flex client application uses the Producer component to send a message to the destination, and the Consumer component to receive messages sent to the destination. To send the message, the Producer first creates an instance of the AsyncMessage class and then sets its method to send it. To receive messages, the Consumer first calls the

body property to the message. Then, it calls the Producer.send()

Consumer.subscribe() method to subscribe to

messages sent to a specific destination.

<?xml version="1.0"?>  <mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" width="100%" height="100%" creationComplete="consumer.subscribe();">

<mx:Script> <![CDATA[

import mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel;

import mx.messaging.ChannelSet; import mx.messaging.events.MessageFaultEvent; import mx.messaging.events.MessageEvent; import mx.messaging.messages.AsyncMessage; import mx.messaging.Producer; import mx.messaging.Consumer;

// Send the message in response to a Button click. private function sendMessage():void { var msg:AsyncMessage = new AsyncMessage(); msg.body = "Foo"; producer.send(msg); }

// Handle the received message. private function messageHandler(event:MessageEvent):void { ta.text += "Consumer received message: "+ event.message.body + "\n"; }

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// Handle a message fault. private function faultHandler(event:MessageFaultEvent):void { ta.text += "Received fault: " + event.faultString + "\n"; } ]]> </mx:Script>

<mx:Producer id="producer" destination="MessagingDestination" fault="faultHandler(event);"/>

<mx:Consumer id="consumer" destination="MessagingDestination" fault="faultHandler(event);" message="messageHandler(event);"/>

<mx:Button label="Send" click="sendMessage();"/> <mx:TextArea id="ta" width="100%" height="100%"/> </mx:Application>

Compile the client application into a SWF file by using Flash Builder or the mxmlc compiler, and then deploy it to your web application.

Building and deploying LiveCycle Data Services applications

Adobe LiveCycle Data Services applications consist of client-side code and server-side code. Client-side code is typically is built with Flex in MXML and ActionScript and deployed as a SWF file. Server-side code is written in Java and deployed as Java class files or Java Archive (JAR) files. Every LiveCycle Data Services application has client-side code; however, you can implement an entire application without writing any server-side code.

For more information on the general application and deployment process for Flex applications, see the Flex documentation.

Setting up your development environment

LiveCycle Data Services applications consist of two parts: client-side code and server-side code. Before you start developing your application, configure your development environment, including the directory structure for your client-side source code and for your server-side source code.

Installation directory structure

The LiveCycle Data Services installer creates a directory structure on your computer that contains all of the resources necessary to build your application. As part of the installation, the installer creates three web applications that you can use as the basis of your development environment.

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The following example shows the directory structure of the web applications installed with LiveCycle Data Services:

J2EE appplication server

root directory

lcds

WEB-INF

lcds-samples

WEB-INF

ds-console

WEB-INF

The installer gives you the option of installing the integrated Tomcat application server to host these web applications. Alternatively, you can install LiveCycle Data Services without installing Tomcat. Instead, you deploy the LiveCycle Data Services web application on your J2EE application server or servlet container.

The following table describes the directory structure of each web application:

Directory Description

/lcds

/lcds-samples

/ds-console

/META-INF Contains package and extension configuration data.

/WEB-INF Contains the standard web application deployment descriptor (web.xml) that configures the

/WEB-INF/classes Contains Java class files and configuration files.

/WEB-INF/flex Contains LiveCycle Data Services configuration files.

/WEB-INF/flex/libs Contains SWC library files used when compiling a LiveCycle Data Services application.

/WEB-INF/flex/locale Contains localization resource files used when compiling a LiveCycle Data Services application.

/WEB-INF/lib Contains LiveCycle Data Services JAR files.

/WEB-INF/src (Optional) Contains Java source code used by the web application.

The root directory of a web application. Contains the WEB-INF directory.

This directory also includes all files that must be accessible by the user’s web browser, such as SWF files, JSP pages, HTML pages, Cascading Style Sheets, images, and JavaScript files. You can place these files directly in the web application root directory or in arbitrary subdirectories that do not use the reserved name WEB-INF.

LiveCycle Data Services web application. This directory can also contain a vendor-specific web application deployment descriptor.

Accessing a web application

To access a web application and the services provided by LiveCycle Data Services, you need the URL and port number associated with the web application. The following table describes how to access each web application assuming that you install LiveCycle Data Services with the integrated Tomcat application server.

Note: If you install LiveCycle Data Services into the directory structure of your J2EE application server or servlet container, modify the context root URL based on your development environment.

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Application Context root URL for Tomcat Description

Sample application http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/ A sample web application that includes many LiveCycle

Template application

Console application http://localhost:8400/ds-console/ A console application that lets you view information about

http://localhost:8400/lcds/ A fully configured LiveCycle Data Services web application

Data Services examples. To start building your own applications, start by editing these samples.

that contains no application code. You can use this application as a template to create your own web application.

LiveCycle Data Services web applications.

If you install LiveCycle Data Services with the integrated Tomcat application server, you can also access the ROOT web application by using the following URL:

http://localhost:8400/.

Creating a web application

To get started writing LiveCycle Data Services applications, you can edit the samples in the lcds-samples web application, add your application code to the lcds-samples web application, or add your application code to the empty lcds web application.

However, Adobe recommends leaving the lcds web application alone, and instead copying its contents to a new web application. That leaves the lcds web application empty so that you can use it as the template for creating web applications.

If you base a new web application on the lcds web application, make sure you change the port numbers of the RTMP and NIO channel definitions in the services-config.xml file of the new web application. Otherwise, the ports in the new web application with conflict with those in the lcds web application. Make sure the new port numbers you use aren’t already used in other web applications, such as the lcds-samples web application.

Defining the directory structure for client-side code

You develop LiveCycle Data Services client-side applications, and compile them in the same way that you compile applications that use the Flex Software Development Kit (SDK). That means you can use the compiler built in to Flash Builder, or the command line compiler, mxmlc, supplied with the Flex SDK.

When you develop applications, you have two choices for how you arrange the directory structure of your application:

• Define a directory structure on your computer outside any LiveCycle Data Services web application. Compile the

application into a SWF file, and then deploy it, along with any run-time assets, to a LiveCycle Data Services web application.

• Define a directory structure in a LiveCycle Data Services web application. In this scenario, all of your source code

and assets are stored in the web application. When you deploy the application, make sure to deploy only the application SWF file and run-time assets. Otherwise, you run the risk of deploying your source code on a production server.

You define each application in its own directory structure, with the local assets for the application under the root directory. For assets shared across applications, such as image files, you can define a directory that is accessible by all applications.

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The following example shows two applications, appRoot1 and appRoot2. Each application has a subdirectory for local MXML and ActionScript components, and can also reference a library of shared components:

base dir

appRoot1

myValidators

PriceValidator.mxml

AddressValidator.as

myFormatters

PriceFormatter.mxml

StringFormatter.as

appRoot2

myValidators

myFormatters

sharedLibrary

sharedValidators

SharedVal1.mxml

SharedVal2.as

sharedFormatters

SharedFormatter1.mxml

SharedFormatter2.as

Defining the directory structure for server-side code

You develop the server-side part of a LiveCycle Data Services application in Java. For example, the client-side RemoteObject component lets you access the methods of server-side Java objects to return data to the client.

You also write Java classes to extend the functionality of the LiveCycle Data Services server. For example, a Data Management Service destination references one or more message channels that transport messages, and contains network- and server-related properties. The destination can also reference a data adapter, server-side code that lets the destination work with data through a particular type of interface such as a Java object. An assembler class is a Java class that interacts indirectly or directly with a data resource. For more information on assemblers, see

assemblers” on page 268.

When you develop server-side code, you have several choices for how you arrange the directory structure of your application:

• Define a directory structure that corresponds to the package hierarchy of your Java source code outside any

LiveCycle Data Services web application. Compile the Java code, and then deploy the corresponding class files and JAR files, along with any run-time assets, to a LiveCycle Data Services web application.

• Define a directory structure in a LiveCycle Data Services web application. In this scenario, all of your source code

and assets are stored in the web application. When you deploy the application, make sure to deploy only the class and JAR files. Otherwise, you risk deploying source code on a production server.

The WEB-INF/classes and WEB-INF/lib directories are automatically included in the classpath of the web application. When you deploy your server-side code, place the compiled Java class files in the WEB-INF/classes directory. Place JAR files in the WEB-INF/lib directory.

“Standard

Running the LiveCycle Data Services sample applications

When you install LiveCycle Data Services, the installer creates the lcds-samples web application that contains sample applications, including the 30 Minute Test Drive application. The sample applications demonstrate basic capabilities and best practices for developing LiveCycle Data Services applications.

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The samples use an HSQLDB database that is installed in the install_root/sampledb directory. You must start the LiveCycle Data Services server and the samples database before you can run the LiveCycle Data Services samples. After starting the server and database, access the main sample application page by opening the following URL in a browser:

http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/

The objective of the 30 Minute Test Drive is to give you, in a very short time, an understanding of how the LiveCycle Data Services works. Access the 30 Minute Test Drive application by opening the following URL in a browser:

http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/testdrive.htm

The client-side source code for the samples is shipped in the lcds-samples/WEB-INF/flex-src/flex-src.zip file. To modify the client-side code, extract the flex-src.zip file into the lcds-samples directory, and then edit, compile, and deploy the modified examples. Editing the samples makes it easier to get started developing applications because you only have to modify existing code, rather than creating it from scratch.

Extract the client-side source code

1 Open lcds-samples/WEB-INF/flex-src/flex-src.zip file.

2 Extract the ZIP file into the lcds-samples directory.

Expanding the ZIP file adds a src directory to each sample in the lcds-samples directory. For example, the source code for the chat example, Chat.mxml, is written to the directory lcds-samples/testdrive-chat/src.

The server-side source code for these examples is shipped in the lcds-samples/WEB-INF/src/flex/samples directory. These source files are not zipped, but shipped in an expanded directory structure. To modify the server-side code you can edit and compile it in that directory structure, and then copy it to the lcds-samples directory to deploy it.

Run the sample applications

1 Change directory to install_root/sampledb.

2 Start the samples database by using the following command:

startdb

You can stop the database by using the command:

stopdb

3 Start LiveCycle Data Services.

How you start LiveCycle Data Services depends on your system.

4 Open the following URL in a browser:

http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/

Building your client-side application

You write the client-side part of a LiveCycle Data Services application in Flex, and then use Flash Builder or the mxmlc command line compiler to compile it.

Before you begin

Before you begin to develop your client-side code, determine the files required to perform the compilation. Ensure that you configured your Flex installation to compile SWF files for LiveCycle Data Services applications.

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Add the LiveCycle Data Services SWC files to the Flex SDK

To compile an application, Flash Builder and mxmlc reference the SWC library files that ship with the Flex SDK in subdirectories of the frameworks directory. In Flash Builder, the frameworks directories for different Flex SDK versions are in the install_root/sdks/sdkversion directory.

LiveCycle Data Services ships the following additional sets of SWC files. You must reference the set of SWC files that matches the Flex SDK you compile against.

• Flex 4 compatible SWC files in subdirectories of the install_root/resources/lcds_swcs/FlexSDK4/frameworks

directory.

• Flex 3 compatible SWC files in subdirectories of the install_root/resources/lcds_swcs/FlexSDK3/frameworks

directory.

Copy the files in the LiveCycle Data Services frameworks directory (including its subdirectories) to the corresponding Flex SDK frameworks directory.

Note: Flex 3 compatible SWC files are also available in the WEB-INF/flex/libs directory of a LiveCycle Data Services web application. By default, Flash Builder adds these files to the library-path of a project that uses LiveCycle Data Services. However, the Flex 4 compatible versions of these files are not available in that location. You must add them manually from the install_root/resources/lcds_swcs/FlexSDK4/frameworks directory.

LiveCycle Data Services provides the following SWC files:

• fds.swc and fiber.swc

The SWC library files that define LiveCycle Data Services. These SWC files must be included in the library path of the compiler.

• airfds.swc and playerfds.swc

The SWC files required to build LiveCycle Data Services applications for Flash Player (playerfds.swc) or AIR (airfds.swc). One of these SWC files must be included in the library path of the compiler.

For the default Flex SDK installation, playerfds.swc must be in the libs/player directory, and airfds.swc must be in the libs/air directory. The airfds.swc and playerfds.swc files must not both be available at the time of compilation. When you compile your application in Flash Builder, it automatically references the correct SWC file based on your project settings.

When you compile an application using mxmlc, by default the compiler references the flex-config.xml configuration file, which specifies to include the libs/player directory in the library path for Flash Player. When you compile an application for AIR, use the

load-config option to the mxmlc compiler to specify the air-config.xml

file, which specifies to include the libs/air directory in the library path.

• fds_rb.swc and fiber_rb.swc

The localized SWC files for LiveCycle Data Services. These SWC files must be in the library path of the compilation.

Specifying the services-config.xml file in a compilation

When you compile your Flex application, you typically specify the services-config.xml configuration file to the compiler. This file defines the channel URLs that the client-side Flex application uses to communicate with the LiveCycle Data Services server. Then the channel URLs are compiled into the resultant SWF file.

Both client-side and server-side code use the services-config.xml configuration file. If you change anything in servicesconfig.xml, you usually have to recompile your client-side applications and restart your server-side application for the changes to take effect.

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In Flash Builder, the appropriate services-config.xml file is included automatically based on the LiveCycle Data Services web application that you specified in the configuration of your Flash Builder project. When you use the mxmlc compiler, use the

services option to specify the location of the file.

Note: You can also create channel definitions on the client in ActionScript or MXML. In that case, you might be able to omit the reference to the services-config.xml configuration file from the compiler. For more information, see

“About

channels and endpoints” on page 38.

Specifying the context root in a compilation

The services-config.xml configuration file typically uses the context.root token to specify the context root of a web application. At compile time, you use the compiler

context-root option to specify that information.

During a compilation, Flash Builder automatically sets the value of the context.root token based on the LiveCycle Data Services web application that you specified in the configuration of your project. When you use the mxmlc compiler, use the

context-root option to set it.

Using Flash Builder to compile client-side code

Flash Builder is an integrated development environment (IDE) for developing applications that use the Flex framework, MXML, Adobe Flash Player, AIR, ActionScript, LiveCycle Data Services, and the Flex charting components.

Flash Builder is built on top of Eclipse, an open-source IDE. It runs on Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and Linux, and is available in several versions. Installation configuration options let you install Flash Builder as a plug-in to an existing Eclipse workbench installation, or to install it as a stand-alone application.

Using the stand-alone or plug-in configuration of Flash Builder

The Flash Builder installer provides the following two configuration options:

Plug-in configuration This configuration is for users who already use the Eclipse workbench, who already develop in

Java, or who want to add the Flash Builder plug-ins to their toolkit of Eclipse plug-ins. Because Eclipse is an open, extensible platform, hundreds of plug-ins are available for many different development purposes. When you use the plug-in configuration, you can create a combined Java and Flex Eclipse project; for more information, see

“Creating a

combined Java and Flex project in Eclipse” on page 22.

Stand-alone configuration This configuration is a customized packaging of Eclipse and the Flash Builder plug-in

created specifically for developing Flex and ActionScript applications. The stand-alone configuration is ideal for new users and users who intend to develop only Flex and ActionScript applications.

Both configurations provide the same functionality. You select the configuration when you install Flash Builder.

Most LiveCycle Data Services developers choose to use the Eclipse plug-in configuration. Then they develop the Java code that runs on the server in the same IDE that they use to develop the MXML and ActionScript code for the client Flex application.

Note: The stand-alone configuration of Flash Builder does not contain tools to edit Java code, however, you can install them. Select Help > Software Updates > Find and Install menu command to open the Install/Update dialog box. Then select Search For New Features To Install. In the results, select Europa Discovery Site, and then select the Java Development package to install.

If you aren’t sure which configuration to use, follow these guidelines:

• If you already use and have Eclipse 3.11 (or later) installed, select the plug-in configuration. On Macintosh, Eclipse

3.2 is the earliest version.

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• If you don’t have Eclipse installed and your primary focus is on developing Flex and ActionScript applications,

select the stand-alone configuration. This configuration also lets you install other Eclipse plug-ins, so you can expand the scope of your development work in the future.

Create a Flash Builder project

Use this procedure to create a Flash Builder project to edit one of the samples shipped with the Test Drive application. The procedure for creating and configuring a new project is almost the same as the following procedure.

Note: When you use the plug-in configuration of Flash Builder, you can create a combined Java and Flex Eclipse project; for more information, see

“Creating a combined Java and Flex project in Eclipse” on page 22.

For more information on the Test Drive application, see “Running the LiveCycle Data Services sample applications” on page 12.

1 Start Flash Builder.

2 Select File > New > Flex Project.

Enter a project name. You are editing an existing application, so use the exact name of the sample folder: testdrive-chat.

Note: If you are creating an empty project, you can name it anything that you want.

4 If you unzipped flex-src.zip in the lcds-samples directory, deselect the Use Default Location option, and specify the

directory as install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/testdrive-chat, or wherever you unzipped the file on your computer.

Note: By default, Flash Builder creates the project directory based on the project name and operating system. For example, if you are using the plug-in configuration of Flash Builder on Microsoft Windows, the default project directory is C:/Documents and Settings/USER_NAME/workspace/PROJECT_NAME.

5 Select the application type as Web (runs in Adobe® Flash® Player) to configure the application to run in the browser

as a Flash Player application.

If you are creating an AIR application, select Desktop (runs In Adobe AIR). However, make sure that you do not have any server tokens in URLs in the configuration files. In the web application that ships with LiveCycle Data Services, server tokens are used in the channel endpoint URLs in the WEB-INF/flex/services-config.xml file, as the following example shows:

You would change that line to the following:

6 Select J2EE as the Application server type.

7 Select Use Remote Object Access.

8 Select LiveCycle Data Services.

9 Click Next.

10 Deselect Use Default Location For Local LiveCycle Data Services Server.

11 Set the root folder, root URL, and context root of your web application.

The root folder specifies the top-level directory of the web application (the directory that contains the WEB-INF directory). The root URL specifies the URL of the web application, and the context root specifies the root of the web application.

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If you are using the integrated Tomcat application server, set the properties as follows:

Root folder: C:\lcds\tomcat\webapps\lcds-samples\

Root URL: http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/

Context root: /lcds-samples/

Modify these settings as appropriate if you are not using the Tomcat application server.

12 Make sure that your LiveCycle Data Services server is running, and click Validate Configuration to ensure that your

project is valid.

13 Clear the Output Folder field to set the directory of the compiled SWF file to the main project directory.

By default, Flash Builder writes the compiled SWF file to the bin-debug directory under the main project directory. To use a different output directory, specify it in the Output Folder field.

14 Click Next.

15 Set the name of the main application file to Chat.mxml, and click Finish.

Edit, compile, and deploy a LiveCycle Data Services application in Flash Builder

1 Open src/Chat.mxml in your Flash Builder project.

2 Edit Chat.mxml to change the definition of the TextArea control so that it displays an initial text string when the

application starts:

<mx:TextArea id="log" width="100%" height="100%" text="My edited file!"/>

3 Save the file.

When you save the file, Flash Builder automatically compiles it. By default, the resultant SWF file is written to the C:/lcds/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/testdrive-chat/bin-debug directory, or the location you set for the Output directory for the project. You should have set the Output directory to the main project directory in the previous procedure.

Note: If you write the Chat.SWF file to any directory other than lcds-samples\testdrive-chat, deploy the SWF file by copying it to the lcds-samples\testdrive-chat directory.

4 Make sure that you have started the samples database and LiveCycle Data Services, as described in “Running the

LiveCycle Data Services sample applications” on page 12.

5 Select Run > Run Chat to run the application.

You can also request the application in a browser by using the URL http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/testdrivechat/index.html.

Note: By default, Flash Builder creates a SWF file that contains debug information. When you are ready to deploy your final application, meaning one that does not contain debug information, select File > Export > Release Build. For more information, see Using Adobe Flash Builder 4.

6 Verify that your new text appears in the TextArea control.

Create a linked resource to the LiveCycle Data Services configuration files

While working on the client-side of your applications, you often look at or change the LiveCycle Data Services configuration files. You can create a linked resource inside a Flash Builder project to make the LiveCycle Data Services configuration files easily accessible.

1 Right-click the project name in the project navigation view.

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2 Select New > Folder in the pop-up menu.

3 Specify the name of the folder as it will appear in the navigation view. This name can be different from the name of

the folder in the file system. For example, type server-config.

4 Click the Advanced button.

5 Select the Link To Folder In The File System option.

6 Click the Browse button and select the flex folder under the WEB-INF directory of your web application. For

example, on a typical Windows installation that uses the Tomcat integrated server, select: install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/WEB-INF/flex.

7 Click Finish. The LiveCycle Data Services configuration files are now available in your Flash Builder project under

the server-config folder.

Note: If you change anything in the services-config.xml file, you usually have to recompile your client-side applications and restart your server-side application for the changes to take effect.

Using mxmlc to compile client-side code

You use the mxmlc command line compiler to create SWF files from MXML, ActionScript, and other source files. Typically, you pass the name of the MXML application file to the compiler. The output is a SWF file. The mxmlc compiler ships in the bin directory of the Flex SDK. You run the mxmlc compiler as a shell script and executable file on Windows and UNIX systems. For more information, see the Flex documentation set.

The basic syntax of the mxmlc utility is as follows:

mxmlc [options] target_file

The target file of the compile is required. If you use a space-separated list as part of the options, you can terminate the list with a double hyphen before adding the target file.

mxmlc -option arg1 arg2 arg3 -- target_file.mxml

To see a list of options for mxmlc, use the helplist option, as the following example shows:

mxmlc -help list

To see a list of all options available for mxmlc, including advanced options, use the following command:

mxmlc -help list advanced

The default output of mxmlc is filename.swf, where filename is the name of the target file. The default output location is in the same directory as the target, unless you specify an output file and location with the

output option.

The mxmlc command line compiler does not generate an HTML wrapper. Create your own wrapper to deploy a SWF file that the mxmlc compiler produced. The wrapper embeds the SWF object in the HTML tag. The wrapper includes

the information about creating an HTML wrapper, see the Flex Help Resource Center.

Note: Flash Builder automatically generates an HTML wrapper when you compile your application.

Compiling LiveCycle Data Services applications

Along with the standard options that you use with the mxmlc compiler, use the following options to specify information about your LiveCycle Data Services application.

• services filename

Specifies the location of the services-config.xml file.

• library-path context-path

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Sets the library path of the LiveCycle Data Services SWC files. Use the += syntax with the library-path option to add the WEB-INF/flex/libs directory to the library path.

• context-root context-path

Sets the value of the context root of the application. This value corresponds to the {context.root} token in the services-config.xml file, which is often used in channel definitions. The default value is null.

Edit, compile, and deploy the Chat.mxml file

1 Unzip flex-src.zip in the lcds/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples directory, as described in “Running the LiveCycle Data

Services sample applications” on page 12.

2 Open the file install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/testdrive-chat/src/Chat.mxml in an editor. Modify this

path as necessary based on where you unzipped flex-src.zip.

3 Change the definition of the TextArea control so that it displays an initial text string when the application starts:

<mx:TextArea id="log" width="100%" height="100%" text="My edited file!"/>

4 Change the directory to install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples.

5 Use the following command to compile Chat.mxml:

Note: This command assumes that you added the mxmlc directory to your system path. The default location is install_root/resources/flex_sdk/bin.

mxmlc -strict=true

-show-actionscript-warnings=true

-use-network=true

-services=WEB-INF/flex/services-config.xml

-library-path+=WEB-INF/flex/libs

-context-root=lcds-samples

-output=testdrive-chat/Chat.swf testdrive-chat/src/Chat.mxml

The compiler writes the Chat.swf file to the lcds-samples/testdrive-chat directory.

6 Start the samples database and LiveCycle Data Services as described in “Running the LiveCycle Data Services

sample applications” on page 12.

7 Request the application by using the URL http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/testdrive-chat/index.html.

8 Verify that your new text appears in the TextArea control.

Rather than keep your source code in your deployment directory, you can set up a separate directory, and then copy Chat.swf to lcds-samples/testdrive-chat to deploy it.

Loading LiveCycle Data Services client applications as sub-applications

You can load sub-applications that use RPC services, the Message Service, or the Data Management Service into a parent client application. For general information about sub-applications, see Creating and loading sub-applications in the Flex documentation.

To load LiveCycle Data Services sub-applications into a parent application when using Flash Player 10.1 or later, use the SWFLoader control with its domain; setting the

loadForCompatibility property to true lets you avoid class registration conflicts between sub-

applications by ensuring that each application has its own class table and its own security domain.

loadForCompatibility property to true. There is a single class table per security

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There is a bug in Flash Player versions prior to version 10.1 where applications in a single physical domain also run in the same security domain and therefore only have one class table even when SWFLoader

true. For this reason, Adobe recommends that you use Flash Player 10.1 or later if your application is loading

set to

loadForCompatibility is

more than one sub-application that uses LiveCycle Data Services functionality.

If you must support Flash Player versions prior to version 10.1, there are a couple of workarounds to this issue. One workaround is to use the SWFLoader control with the

loadForCompatibility property set to true, but load each

sub-application from a different domain. You can accomplish this in a production system by using different subdomains for each SWF file, such as app1.domain.com/mylcdsapp.swf and app2.domain.com/mylcdsapp.swf, where each subdomain resolves to the same server or host. Because each sub-application is loaded from a different physical domain, Flash Player gives it a separate security domain.

The other workaround is to use the ModuleLoader control to load the sub-applications or use the SWFLoader control with the

loadForCompatibility property set to false. In either case, in the parent application you define all data

services and RPC classes as well as any strongly typed objects that your application uses. The following example shows this workaround with the SWFLoader control. FDSClasses and RPCClasses are the class definitions required for data services and RPC classes.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml" xmlns="*" backgroundColor="#FFFFFF">

<mx:SWFLoader loadForCompatibility="false" id="s1"

source="SampleDataService.swf"/>

<mx:SWFLoader loadForCompatibility="false" id="s2"

source="SampleDataService2.swf"/>

<mx:Script>

<![CDATA[

FDSClasses; RPCClasses;

]]>

</mx:Script>

</mx:Application>

Building your server-side application

You write the server-side part of a LiveCycle Data Services application in Java, and then use the javac compiler to compile it.

Creating a simple Java class to return data to the client

A common reason to create a server-side Java class is to represent data returned to the client. For example, the clientside RemoteObject component lets you access the methods of server-side Java objects to return data to the client.

The Test Drive sample application contains the Accessing Data Using Remoting sample where the client-side code uses the RemoteObject component to access product data on the server. The Product.java class represents that data. After starting the LiveCycle Data Services server and the samples database, view this example by opening the following URL in a browser: http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/testdrive-remoteobject/index.html.

The source code for Product.java is in the install_root/lcds-samples/WEB-INF/src/flex/samples/product directory. For example, if you installed LiveCycle Data Services with the integrated Tomcat server on Microsoft Windows, the directory is install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/WEB-INF/src/flex/samples/product.

Modify, compile, and deploy Product.java on the lcds-sample server

1 Start the samples database.

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2 Start LiveCycle Data Services.

3 View the running example by opening the following URL in a browser:

http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/testdrive-remoteobject/index.html

4 Click the Get Data button to download data from the server. Notice that the description column contains product

descriptions.

5 In an editor, open the file install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/WEB-

INF/src//flex/samples/product/Product.java. Modify this path as necessary for your installation.

6 Modify the following getDescription() method definition so that it always returns the String "My description"

rather than the value from the database:

public String getDescription() { return description; }

The modified method definition appears as the following:

public String getDescription() { return "My description."; }

7 Change the directory to lcds-samples.

8 Compile Product.java by using the following javac command line:

javac -d WEB-INF/classes/ WEB-INF/src/flex/samples/product/Product.java

This command creates the file Product.class, and deploys it to the WEB-INF/classes/flex/samples/product directory.

9 View the running example by opening the following URL in a browser:

http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/testdrive-remoteobject/index.html

10 Click the Get Data button.

Notice that the description column now contains the String "My description" for each product.

Creating a Java class that extends a LiveCycle Data Services class

As part of developing your server-side code, you can create a custom assembler class, factory class, or other type of Java class that extends the LiveCycle Data Services Java class library. For example, a data adapter is responsible for updating the persistent data store on the server in a manner appropriate to the specific data store type.

You perform many of the same steps to compile a Java class that extends the LiveCycle Data Services Java class library as you do for compiling a simple class. The major difference is to ensure that you include the appropriate LiveCycle Data Services JAR files in the classpath of your compilation so that the compiler can locate the appropriate files.

The Test Drive sample application contains the Data Management Service sample, in which the server-side code uses a custom assembler represented by the ProductAssembler.java class. To view the sample, start the LiveCycle Data Services server and the samples database. Then open the following URL in a browser: http://localhost:8400/lcdssamples/testdrive-dataservice/index.html.

The source code for ProductAssembler.java is in the directory install_root/lcds-samples/WEBINF/src/flex/samples/product. For example, if you installed LiveCycle Data Services with the integrated Tomcat server on Microsoft Windows, the directory is install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/WEBINF/src/flex/samples/product.

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Compile and deploy ProductAssembler.java on the lcds-sample server

1 View the running example by opening the following URL in a browser:

http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/testdrive-dataservice/index.html

2 Click the Get Data button to download data from the server.

3 In an editor, open the file install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/WEB-

INF/src/flex/samples/product/ProductAssembler.java. Modify this path as necessary for your installation.

For more information on assemblers, see “Standard assemblers” on page 268.

4 Change the directory to install_root/tomcat/webapps/lcds-samples/WEB-INF/src.

5 Compile ProductAssembler.java by using the following javac command line:

javac

-sourcepath .

-d ..\classes

-classpath ..\lib\flex-messaging-common.jar; ..\lib\flex-messaging-core.jar; ..\lib\flex-messaging-data-req.jar; ..\lib\flex-messaging-data.jar; ..\lib\flex-messaging-opt.jar; ..\lib\flex-messaging-proxy.jar; ..\lib\flex-messaging-remoting.jar flex\samples\product\ProductAssembler.java

Notice that the classpath contains many, but not all, of the JAR files in WEB-INF/lib. If you are compiling other types of classes, you include additional JAR files in the classpath. These JAR files are also shipped in the install_root/resources/lib directory.

This command creates the file ProductAssembler.class, and deploys it to the WEBINF/classes/flex/samples/product directory.

6 View the running example by opening the following URL in a browser:

http://localhost:8400/lcds-samples/testdrive-dataservice/index.html

7 Click the Get Data button to make sure that your code is working correctly.

Creating a combined Java and Flex project in Eclipse

If you use Eclipse for Java development, you can develop Java code in the same Eclipse project in which you develop Flex client code. You toggle between the Java and Flash perspectives to work on Java or Flex code. This procedure describes how to create a combined project. Another alternative is to use separate Eclipse projects for Java and Flex development.

Note: To create a combined Java and Flex project, use a plug-in configuration of Flash Builder. You must have the Eclipse Java perspective available in your installation.

1 Create a Java project in Eclipse.

2 When you create a Java project, you can optionally set the output location to be a linked directory in your LiveCycle

Data Services web application. For example, you can save compiled POJO classes to the WEB-INF/classes directory of your web application.

Complete these steps to set the output location to a linked directory:

a When configuringa project in the New Java Project dialog, select the Allow Output Folders For Source Folders

option.

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b Click Browse to the right of the Default Output Folder field.

c Select the project directory in the Folder Selection dialog.

d Click Create New Folder.

e Select Advanced > Link To Folder In File System.

f Browse to the directory where you want to save output and click OK.

g Click OK on the New Folder dialog.

h Click OK on the Folder Selection dialog.

i Click Finish on the New Java Project dialog.

Similarly, if you plan to export your output to a JAR file, you can save the JAR file to the WEB-INF/lib directory of your LiveCycle Data Services web application.

3 In the Package Explorer, right-click your new Java project and select Add/Change Project Type > Add Flex Project.

4 Set up your Flex project as described in “Using Flash Builder to compile client-side code” on page 15.

Debugging your application

If you encounter errors in your applications, you can use the debugging tools to perform the following:

• Set and manage breakpoints in your code

• Control application execution by suspending, resuming, and terminating the application

• Step into and over the code statements

• Select critical variables to watch

• Evaluate watch expressions while the application is running

Debugging Flex applications can be as simple as enabling trace() statements or as complex as stepping into a source files and running the code, one line at a time. The Flash Builder debugger and the command line debugger, fdb, let you step through and debug ActionScript files used by your Flex applications. For information on how to use the Flash Builder debugger, see Using Adobe Flash Builder 4. For more information on the command line debugger, fdb, see the Flex documentation set.

Using Flash Debug Player

To use the fdb command line debugger or the Flash Builder debugger, install and configure Flash Debug Player. To determine whether you are running the Flash Debug Player or the standard version of Flash Player, open any Flex application in Flash Player and right-click. If you see the Show Redraw Regions option, you are running Flash Debug Player. For more information about installing Flash Debug Player, see the LiveCycle Data Services installation instructions.

Flash Debug Player comes in ActiveX, Plug-in, and stand-alone versions for Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscapebased browsers, and desktop applications. You can find Flash Debug Player installers in the following locations:

• Flash Builder: install_dir/Player/os_version

• Flex SDK: install_dir/runtimes/player/os_version/

Like the standard version of Adobe Flash Player 9, Flash Debug Player runs SWF files in a browser or on the desktop in a stand-alone player. Unlike Flash Player, the Flash Debug Player enables you to do the following:

• Output statements and application errors to the local log file of Flash Debug Player by using the trace() method.

• Write data services log messages to the local log file of Flash Debug Player.

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• View run-time errors (RTEs).

• Use the fdb command line debugger.

• Use the Flash Builder debugging tool.

• Use the Flash Builder profiling tool.

Note: ADL logs trace() output from AIR applications.

Using logging to debug your application

One tool that can help in debugging is the logging mechanism. You can perform server-side and client-side logging of requests and responses.

Client-side logging

For client-side logging, you directly write messages to the log file, or configure the application to write messages generated by Flex to the log file. Flash Debug Player has two primary methods of writing messages to a log file:

• The global trace() method. The global trace() method prints a String to the log file. Messages can contain

checkpoint information to signal that your application reached a specific line of code, or the value of a variable.

• Logging API. The logging API, implemented by the TraceTarget class, provides a layer of functionality on top of

trace() method. For example, you can use the logging API to log debug, error, and warning messages

the generated by Flex while applications execute.

Flash Debug Player sends logging information to the flashlog.txt file. The operating system determines the location of this file, as the following table shows:

Operating system Location of log file

Windows 95/98/ME/2000/XP C:/Documents and Settings/username/Application

Windows Vista C:/Users/username/AppData/Roaming/Macromedia/Flash

Mac OS X /Users/username/Library/Preferences/Macromedia/Flash

Linux /home/username/.macromedia/Flash_Player/Logs/

Data/Macromedia/Flash Player/Logs

Player/Logs

Player/Logs/

Use settings in the mm.cfg text file to configure Flash Debug Player for logging. If this file does not exist, you can create it when you first configure Flash Debug Player. The location of this file depends on your operating system. The following table shows where to create the mm.cfg file for several operating systems:

Operating system Location of mm.cfg file

Mac OS X /Library/Application Support/Macromedia

Windows 95/98/ME %HOMEDRIVE%/%HOMEPATH%

Windows 2000/XP C:/Documents and Settings/username

Windows Vista C:/Users/username

Linux /home/username

The mm.cfg file contains many settings that you can use to control logging. The following sample mm.cfg file enables error reporting and trace logging:

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ErrorReportingEnable=1 TraceOutputFileEnable=1

After you enable reporting and logging, call the trace() method to write a String to the flashlog.txt file, as the following example shows:

trace("Got to checkpoint 1.");

Insert the following MXML line to enable the logging of all Flex-generated debug messages to flashlog.txt:

<mx:TraceTarget loglevel="2"/>

For information about client-side logging, see the Flex documentation set.

Server-side logging

You configure server-side logging in the logging section of the services configuration file, services-config.xml. By default, output is sent to System.out.

You set the logging level to one of the following available levels:

• All

• Debug

• Info

• Warn

• Error

• None

You typically set the server-side logging level to Debug to log all debug messages, and also all info, warning, and error messages. The following example shows a logging configuration that uses the

Debug logging level:

<target class="flex.messaging.log.ConsoleTarget" level="Debug"> <properties> <prefix>[Flex]</prefix> <includeDate>false</includeDate> <includeTime>false</includeTime> <includeLevel>false</includeLevel> <includeCategory>false</includeCategory> </properties> <filters> <pattern>Endpoint</pattern>   </filters> </target> </logging>

For more information, see “Logging” on page 420.

Measuring application performance

As part of preparing your application for final deployment, you can test its performance to look for ways to optimize it. One place to examine performance is in the message processing part of the application. To help you gather this performance information, enable the gathering of message timing and sizing data.

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The mechanism for measuring the performance of message processing is disabled by default. When enabled, information regarding message size, server processing time, and network travel time is captured. This information is available to the client that pushed a message to the server, to a client that received a pushed message from the server, or to a client that received an acknowledge message from the server in response a pushed message. A subset of this information is also available for access on the server.

You can use this mechanism across all channel types, including polling and streaming channels, that communicate with the server. However, this mechanism does not work when you make a direct connection to an external server by setting the

useProxy property to false for the HTTPService and WebService tags because it bypasses the LiveCycle

Data Services Proxy Server.

You use two parameters in a channel definition to enable message processing metrics:

• <record-message-times>

• <record-message-sizes>

Set these parameters to true or false; the default value is false. You can set the parameters to different values to capture only one type of metric. For example, the following channel definition specifies to capture message timing information, but not message sizing information:

<channel-definition id="my-streaming-amf"

class="mx.messaging.channels.StreamingAMFChannel">

<endpoint

url="http://{server.name}:{server.port}/{context.root}/messagebroker/streamingamf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.StreamingAMFEndpoint"/> <properties> <record-message-times>true</record-message-times> <record-message-sizes>false</record-message-sizes> </properties> </channel-definition>

For more information, see “Measuring message processing performance” on page 121.

Deploying your application

Your production environment determines how you deploy your application. One option is to package your application and assets in a LiveCycle Data Services web application, and then create a single WAR file that contains the entire web application. You can then deploy the single WAR file on your production server.

Alternatively, you can deploy multiple LiveCycle Data Services applications on a single web application. In this case, your production server has an expanded LiveCycle Data Services web application to which you add the directories that are required to run your new application.

When you deploy your LiveCycle Data Services application in a production environment, ensure that you deploy all the necessary parts of the application, including the following:

• The compiled SWF file that contains your client-side application

• The HTML wrapper generated by Flash Builder or created manually if you use the mxmlc compiler

• The compiled Java class and JAR files that represent your server-side application

• Any run-time assets required by your application

• A LiveCycle Data Services web application

• Updated LiveCycle Data Services configuration files that contain the necessary information to support your

application

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Chapter 2: System architecture

Client and server architecture

A LiveCycle Data Services application consists of a client application running in a web browser or Adobe AIR and a J2EE web application on the server that the client application communicates with. The client application can be a Flex application or it can be a combination of Flex, HTML, and JavaScript. When you use JavaScript, communication with the LiveCycle Data Services server is accomplished using the JavaScript proxy objects provided in the Ajax Client Library. For information about the Ajax Client Library, see

LiveCycle Data Services client architecture

LiveCycle Data Services clients use a message-based framework provided by LiveCycle Data Services to interact with the server. On the client side of the message-based framework are channels that encapsulate the connection behavior between the Flex client and the LiveCycle Data Services server. Channels are grouped together into channel sets that are responsible for channel hunting and channel failover. For information about client class APIs, see the Adobe LiveCycle ActionScript Reference.

“The Ajax client library” on page 460.

The following illustration shows the LiveCycle Data Services client architecture:

Flex Client

SWF from MXML

User Interface using Flex SDK

LiveCycle Data Services ES components

RemoteObject component

HTTPService/WebService components

Producer/Consumer components

DataService component

LiveCycle Data Services ES Client Architecture

HTTP/RTMP protocol

AMF/AMFX encoding

Channel Set

AMFChannel

HTTPChannel

RTMPChannel

Web Ser ve r

J2EE Server

LiveCycle Data Services ES

Flex components

The following Flex components interact with a LiveCycle Data Services server:

• RemoteObject

• HTTPService

• WebService

• Producer

• Consumer

• DataService

All of these components, except for the DataService component, are included in the Flex SDK in the rpc.swc component library. The DataService component is included in the fds.swc component library provided in the LiveCycle Data Services installation.

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Although the RemoteObject, Producer, and Consumer components are included with the Flex SDK, they require a server that can interpret the messages that they send. The BlazeDS and LiveCycle Data Services servers are two examples of such servers. A Flex application can also make direct HTTP service or web service calls to remote servers without LiveCycle Data Services in the middle tier. However, going through the LiveCycle Data Services Proxy Service is beneficial for several reasons; for more information, see

“Using RPC services” on page 135.

Client-side components communicate with services on the LiveCycle Data Services server by sending and receiving messages of the correct type. For more information about messages, see

“Messages” on page 28.

Channels and channel sets

A Flex component uses a channel to communicate with a LiveCycle Data Services server. A channel set contains channels; its primary function is to provide connectivity between the Flex client and the LiveCycle Data Services server. A channel set contains channels ordered by preference. The Flex component tries to connect to the first channel in the channel set and in the case where a connection cannot be established falls back to the next channel in the list. The Flex component continues to go through the list of channels in the order in which they are specified until a connection can be established over one of the channels or the list of channels is exhausted.

Channels encapsulate the connection behavior between the Flex components and the LiveCycle Data Services server. Conceptually, channels are a level below the Flex components and they handle the communication between the Flex client and the LiveCycle Data Services server. They communicate with their corresponding endpoints on the LiveCycle Data Services server; for more information about endpoints, see

“Endpoints” on page 29.

Flex clients can use several different channel types, such as the AMFChannel, HTTPChannel, and RTMPChannel. Channel selection depends on a number of factors, including the type of application you are building. For example, if HTTP is the only protocol allowed in your environment, you would use the AMFChannel or HTTPChannel; you would not use the RTMPChannel, which uses the RTMP protocol. If non-binary data transfer is required, you would use the HTTPChannel, which uses a non-binary format called AMFX (AMF in XML). For more information about channels, see

“Channels and endpoints” on page 38.

Messages

All communication between Flex client components and LiveCycle Data Services is performed with messages. Flex components use several message types to communicate with their corresponding services in LiveCycle Data Services. All messages have client-side (ActionScript) implementations and server-side (Java) implementations because the messages are serialized and deserialized on both the client and the server. You can also create messages directly in Java and have those messages delivered to clients using the server push API.

Some message types, such as AcknowledgeMessage and CommandMessage, are used across different Flex components and LiveCycle Data Services services. For example, to have a Producer component send a message to subscribed Consumer components, you create a message of type AsyncMessage and pass it to the component.

In other situations, you do not write code for constructing and sending messages. For example, you simply use a RemoteObject component to call the remote method from the Flex application. The RemoteObject component creates a RemotingMessage to encapsulate the RemoteObject call. In response it receives an AcknowledgeMessage from the server. The AcknowledgeMessage is encapsulated in a ResultEvent in the Flex application.

Sometimes you must create a message to send to the server. For example, you could send a message by creating an AsyncMessage and passing it to a Producer.

send() method of the Producer

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LiveCycle Data Services uses two patterns for sending and receiving messages: the request/reply pattern and the publish/subscribe pattern. RemoteObject, HTTPService, and WebService components use the request/reply message pattern, in which the Flex component makes a request and receives a reply to that request. Producer and Consumer components use the publish/subscribe message pattern. In this pattern, the Producer publishes a message to a destination defined on the LiveCycle Data Services server. All Consumers subscribed to that destination receive the message.

LiveCycle Data Services server architecture

The LiveCycle Data Services server is a combination of a J2EE web application and a highly scalable network socket server. A Flex client makes a request over a channel and the request is routed to an endpoint on the LiveCycle Data Services server. From the endpoint, the request is routed through a chain of Java objects that includes the MessageBroker object, a service object, a destination object, and finally an adapter object. The adapter fulfills the request either locally, or by contacting a backend system or a remote server such as Java Message Service (JMS) server.

The following illustration shows the LiveCycle Data Services server architecture:

LiveCycle Data Services Server Architecture

Destination AdapterServiceMessage

RemotingDestination

JavaAdapter

HTTPProxyDestination

HTTPProxyAdapter

SOAPAdapter

MessageDestination

ActionSc riptAda pter

JMSAdapter

DataDestination

ActionScriptObjectAdapter

JavaAdapter

Hibernate Assembler

SQLAssembler

Flex client

MessageBrokerServlet

Servlet- based endpoint s

AMFEndpoint

HTTPEndpoint

StreamingAMFEndpoint

...

Socket server

NIO-based endpoints

NIOAMFEndpoint

NIOHTTPEndpoint

RTMPEndpoint

...

Broker

RemotingService

HTTPProxyService

MessageService

DataService

Endpoints

LiveCycle Data Services has two types of endpoints: servlet-based endpoints and NIO-based endpoints.

Note: NIO-based endpoints are not available in BlazeDS.

NIO stands for Java New Input/Output. Servlet-based endpoints are inside the J2EE servlet container, which means

that the servlet handles the I/O and HTTP sessions for the endpoints. Servlet-based endpoints are bootstrapped by the MessageBrokerServlet, which is configured in the web.xml file of the web application. In addition to the MessageBrokerServlet, an HTTP session listener is registered with the J2EE server in the web application’s web.xml file so that LiveCycle Data Services has HTTP session attribute and binding listener support.

NIO-based endpoints run in an NIO-based socket server. These endpoints can offer significant scalability gains because they are not limited to one thread per connection and a single thread can manage multiple I/Os.

Flex client applications use channels to communicate with LiveCycle Data Services endpoints. There is a mapping between the channels on the client and the endpoints on the server. It is important that the channel and the endpoint use the same message format. A channel that uses the AMF message format, such as the AMFChannel, must be paired with an endpoint that also uses the AMF message format, such as the AMFEndpoint or the NIOAMFEndpoint. A channel that uses the AMFX message format such as the HTTPChannel cannot be paired with an endpoint that uses the AMF message format. Also, a channel that uses streaming must be paired with an endpoint that uses streaming.

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You configure endpoints in the services-config.xml file in the WEB-INF/flex directory of your LiveCycle Data Services web application. For more information on servlet-based and NIO-based endpoints, see page 38.

“Channels and endpoints” on

MessageBroker

The MessageBroker is responsible for routing messages to services and is at the core of f LiveCycle Data Services on the server. After an endpoint initially processes the request, it extracts the message from the request and passes it to the MessageBroker. The MessageBroker inspects the message's destination and passes the message to its intended service. If the destination is protected by a security constraint, the MessageBroker runs the authentication and authorization checks before passing the message along (see MessageBroker in the services-config.xml file in he WEB-INF/flex directory of your LiveCycle Data Services web application.

“Configuring security” on page 432). You configure the

Services and destinations

Services and destinations are the next links in the message processing chain in the LiveCycle Data Services server. The system includes four services and their corresponding destinations:

• RemotingService and RemotingDestination

• HTTPProxyService and HTTPProxyDestination

• MessageService and MessageDestination

• DataService and DataDestination

Note: DataService and DataDestination are not available in BlazeDS.

Services are the targets of messages from client-side Flex components. Think of destinations as instances of a service configured in a certain way. For example, a RemoteObject component is used on the Flex client to communicate with the RemotingService. In the RemoteObject component, you must specify a destination remoting destination with certain properties, such as the class you want to invoke methods on. The mapping between client-side Flex components and LiveCycle Data Services services is as follows:

id property that refers to a

• HTTPService and WebService communicate with HTTPProxyService/HTTPProxyDestination

• RemoteObject communicates with RemotingService/RemotingDestination

• Producer and Consumer communicate with MessageService/MessageDestination

• DataService communicates with DataService/DataDestination

You can configure services and their destinations in the services-config.xml file, but it is best practice to put them in separate files as follows:

• RemotingService configured in the remoting-config.xml file

• HTTPProxyService configured in the proxy-config.xml file

• MessageService configured in the messaging-config.xml file

• DataService configured in the data-management-config.xml file

Adapters and assemblers

Adapters, and optionally assemblers, are the last link in the message processing chain. When a message arrives at the correct destination, it is passed to an adapter that fulfills the request either locally or by contacting a backend system or a remote server such as a JMS server. Some adapters use yet another layer, called assemblers, to further break down the processing. For example, a DataDestination can use JavaAdapter, and JavaAdapter could use HibernateAssembler to communicate with Hibernate. LiveCycle Data Services uses the following mappings between destinations and adapters/assemblers:

• RemotingDestination uses JavaAdapter

• HTTPProxyDestination uses HTTPProxyAdapter or SOAPAdapter

• MessageDestination uses ActionScriptAdapter or JMSAdapter

• DataDestination uses ASObjectAdapter or JavaAdapter

• JavaAdapter uses HibernateAssembler, SQLAssembler, or a custom assembler

Adapters and assemblers are configured along with their corresponding destinations in the same configuration files.

Although the LiveCycle Data Services server comes with a rich set of adapters and assemblers to communicate with different systems, custom adapters and assemblers can be plugged into the server. Similarly, you do not have to create all destinations in configuration files, but instead you can create them dynamically at server startup or when the server is running; for more information, see

“Run-time configuration” on page 411.

For information about the LiveCycle Data Services server-side classes, see the Javadoc API documentation.

About configuration files

You configure LiveCycle Data Services in the services-config.xml file. The default location of this file is the WEBINF/flex directory of your LiveCycle Data Services web application. You can set this location in the configuration for the MessageBrokerServlet in the WEB-INF/web.xml file.

You can include files that contain service definitions by reference in the services-config.xml file. Your LiveCycle Data Services installation includes the Remoting Service, Proxy Service, Message Service, and Data Management Service by reference.

The following table describes the typical setup of the configuration files. Commented versions of these files are available in the resources/config directory of the LiveCycle Data Services installation.

Filename Description

services-config.xml The top-level LiveCycle Data Services configuration file. This file usually contains

remoting-config.xml The Remoting Service configuration file, which defines Remoting Service

security constraint definitions, channel definitions, and logging settings that each of the services can use. It can contain service definitions inline or include them by reference. Generally, the services are defined in the remoting-config.xml, proxyconfig.xml, messaging-config.xml, and data-management-config.xml files.

destinations for working with remote objects.

For information about configuring the Remoting Service, see “Using RPC services” on page 135.

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Filename Description

proxy-config.xml The Proxy Service configuration file, which defines Proxy Service destinations for

messaging-config.xml The Message Service configuration file, which defines Message Service

data-management-config.xml The Data Management Service configuration file, which defines Data

working with web services and HTTP services (REST services).

For information about configuring the Proxy Service, see “Using RPC services” on page 135.

destinations for performing publish subscribe messaging.

For information about configuring the Message Service, see “Using the Message

Service” on page 190.

Management Service destinations.

For information about configuring the Data Management Service, see “Data

Management Service configuration” on page 244.

When you include a file by reference, the content of the referenced file must conform to the appropriate XML structure for the service. The file-path value is relative to the location of the services-config.xml file. The following example shows service definitions included by reference:

<service-include file-path="proxy-config.xml"/>

<service-include file-path="messaging-config.xml"/>

<service-include file-path="data-management-config.xml"/> </services>

Configuration tokens

The configuration files sometimes contain special {server.name} and {server.port} tokens. These tokens are replaced with server name and port values based on the URL from which the SWF file is served when it is accessed through a web browser from a web server. Similarly, a special context root of a web application.

Note: If you use server tokens in a configuration file for an Adobe AIR application and you compile using that file, the application will not be able to connect to the server. You can avoid this issue by configuring channels in ActionScript rather than in a configuration file (see

“Channels and endpoints” on page 38).

You can also use custom run-time tokens in service configuration files; for example, {messaging-channel} and {my.token}. You specify values for these tokens in Java Virtual Machine (JVM) options. The server reads these JVM options to determine what values are defined for them, and replaces the tokens with the specified values. If you have a custom token for which a value cannot be found, an error is thrown. Because {server.name}, {server.port}, and {context.root} are special tokens, no errors occur when these tokens are not specified in JVM options.

How you define JVM options depends on the application server you use. For example, in Apache Tomcat, you can define an environment variable JAVA_OPTS that contains tokens and their values, as this code snippet shows:

JAVA_OPTS=-Dmessaging.channel=my-amf -Dmy.token=myValue

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Configuration elements

The following table describes the XML elements of the services-config.xml file. The root element is the services-

config element.

XML element

services Contains definitions of individual data services or references to

Description

other XML files that contain service definitions. It is a best practice to use a separate configuration file for each type of standard service. These services include the Proxy Service, Remoting Service, Message Service, and Data Management Service.

The services element is declared at the top level of the configuration as a child of the root element,

For information about configuring specific types of services, see the following topics:

services-config.

• “Using RPC services” on page 135

• “Using the Message Service” on page 190

• “Data Management Service configuration” on page 244

default-

channels

Sets the application-level default channels to use for all services. The default channels are used when a channel is not explicitly referenced in a destination definition. The channels are tried in the order in which they are included in the file. When one is unavailable, the next is tried.

Default channels can also be defined individually for each service, in which case the application-level default channels are overwritten by the service level default channels. Application-level default channels are necessary when a dynamic component is created using the run-time configuration feature and no channel set has been defined for the component. In that case, application-level default channels are used to contact the destination.

For more information about channels and endpoints, see “Channels

and endpoints” on page 38.

service-

include

Specifies the full path to an XML file that contains the configuration elements for a service definition.

Attributes:

• file-path Path to the XML file that contains a service definition.

service

properties Contains service properties.

adapters Contains service adapter definitions that are referenced in a

Contains a service definition.

(Optional) You can use the service-include element to include a file that contains a service definition by reference instead of inline in the services-config.xml file.

In addition to standard data services, you can define custom bootstrap services here for use with the run-time configuration feature; bootstrap services dynamically create services, destinations, and adapters at server startup. For more information,

“Run-time configuration” on page 411.

see

destination to provide specific types of functionality.

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XML element

adapter-definition

Description

Contains a service adapter definition. Each type of service has its own set of adapters that are relevant to that type of service. For example, Data Management Service destinations can use the Java adapter or the ActionScript object adapter. An

definition

has the following attributes:

• id Identifier of an adapter, which you use to reference the

adapter inside a destination definition.

• class Fully qualified name of the Java class that provides the

adapter functionality.

• default Boolean value that indicates whether this adapter is the

default adapter for service destinations. The default adapter is used when you do not explicitly reference an adapter in a destination definition.

default-

channels

channel

Contains references to default channels. The default channels are used when a channel is not explicitly referenced in a destination definition. The channels are tried in the order in which they are included in the file. When one is unavailable, the next is tried.

Contains a reference to the id of a channel definition. A channel element contains the following attribute:

• ref The id value of a channel definition

For more information about channels and endpoints, see “Channels

and endpoints” on page 38.

adapter-

destinationContains a destination definition.

adapter

Contains a reference to a service adapter. If this element is omitted, the destination uses the default adapter.

properties

Contains destination properties.

The properties available depend on the type of service, which the specified service class determines.

channels

Contains references to the channels that the service can use for data transport. The channels are tried in the order in which they are included in the file. When one is unavailable, the next is tried.

The channel child element contains references to the id value of a channel. Channels are defined in the level of the configuration as a child of the root element,

config

channels element at the top

services-

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XML element

security

Description

Contains a reference to a security constraint definition and login command definitions that are used for authentication and authorization.

This element can also contain complete security constraint definitions instead of references to security constraints that are defined globally in the top-level

For more information, see “Security” on page 429.

The security-constraint child element contains references to

id value of a security constraint definition or contains a security

the constraint definition.

Attributes:

• ref The id value of a security-constraint element defined

in the configuration.

• id Identifier of a security constraint when you define the actual

security constraint in this element.

The login-command child element contains a reference to the id value of a login command definition that is used for performing authentication.

Attributes:

security element.

security element at the top level of the services

• ref The id value of a login command definition.

security Contains security constraint definitions and login command

security-

constraint

command

definitions for authentication and authorization.

For more information, see “Security” on page 429.

Defines a security constraint.

Defines a login command that is used for custom authentication.

Attributes:

• class Fully qualified class name of a login command class.

• server Application server on which custom authentication is

performed.

• per-client-authentication You can only set this attribute

true for a custom login command and not an appication-

server-based login command. Setting it to clients sharing the same session to have distinct authentication states. For example, two windows of the same web browser could authenticate users independently. This attribute is set to by default.

channels Contains the definitions of message channels that are used to

transport data between the server and clients.

For more information about channels and endpoints, see “Channels

and endpoints” on page 38.

true allows multiple

false

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XML element

channel-

Description

definition

Defines a message channel that can be used to transport data.

Attributes:

• id Identifier of the channel definition.

• class Fully qualified class name of a channel class.

endpoint Specifies the endpoint URI and the endpoint class of the channel

definition.

Attributes:

• uri Endpoint URI

• class Fully qualified name of the channel class used on the

client.

properties Contains the properties of a channel definition. The properties

clusters Contains cluster definitions, which configure software clustering

flexclient

reliablereconnectdurationmillis

available depend on the type of channel specified.

across multiple hosts.

For more information, see “Clustering” on page 442.

Idle timeout for FlexClient state at the server, including reliable messaging sequences. To support reliable reconnects consistently across all supported channels and endpoints, this value must be defined and greater than 0.

Any active sessions/connections keep idle FlexClient instances alive. This timeout only applies to instances that have no currently active associated sessions/connections.

heartbeatintervalmillis

Optional setting that controls whether the client application issues periodic heartbeat requests to the server to keep an idle connection alive and to detect loss of connectivity. Use this setting to keep sessions alive.

The default value of 0 disables this functionality. If the application sets this value, it should use a longer rather than shorter interval to avoid placing unnecessary load on the remote host.

As an illustrative example, low-level TCP socket keep-alives generally default to an interval of 2 hours. That is a longer interval than most applications that enable heartbeats would likely want to use, but it serves as a clear precedent to prefer a longer interval over a shorter interval.

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XML element

timeout-

logging Contains server-side logging configuration. For more information,

target Specifies the logging target class and the logging level.

Description

minutes

Each Flex application that connects to the server triggers the

creation of a FlexClient instance that represents the remote client application. I the value of the undefined or set to 0 (zero), FlexClient instances on the server are shut down when all associated FlexSessions (corresponding to connections between the client and server) are shut down. If this value is defined, FlexClient instances are kept alive for this amount of idle time.

FlexClient instances that have an associated RTMP connection/session open, are kept alive even if they are idle because the open connection indicates the remote client application is still running.

For HTTP connections/sessions, if the remote client application is polling, the FlexClient is kept alive.

If the remote client is not polling and a FlexClient instance is idle for this amount of time. it is shut down even if an associated HttpSession is still valid. This is because multiple Flex client applications can share a single HttpSession. A valid HttpSession does not indicate that a specific client application instance is still running.

“Logging” on page 420.

see

Attributes:

timeout-minutes element is left

• class Fully qualified logging target class name.

• level The logging level.

system System-wide settings that do not fall into a previous category. In

enforceendpointvalidation

locale (Optional) Locale string; for example, "en", "de", "fr", and "es"

default-

locale

redeploy Support for web application redeployment when configuration files

The default locale string.

addition to locale information, it also contains redeployment and watch file settings.

(Optional) Default value is false. When a destination is accessed over a channel, the message broker validates that the destination accepts requests over that channel. However, the client can disable this validation if the client has a null this setting is validation even if the client channel has a null

are valid locale strings.

If no default-locale element is provided, a base set of English error messages is used.

are updated. This feature works with J2EE application server web application redeployment.

The touch-file value is the file used by your application server to force web redeployment.

Check the application server to confirm what the touch-file value should be.

true, the message broker performs the endpoint

id value for its channel. When

id value.

enabled Boolean value that indicates whether redeployment is enabled.

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XML element

watch-

watch-file A data services configuration file watched for changes. The watch-

touch-file The file that the application server uses to force redeployment of a

Description

interval

Number of seconds to wait before checking for changes to configuration files.

file

value must start with {context.root} or be an absolute

path. The following example uses

{context.root}/WEB-INF/flex/data-managementconfig.xml

web application. The value of the

{context.root} or be an absolute path. Check the

with application server documentation to determine the value. For Tomcat, the following example shows:

{context.root}/WEB-INF/web.xml

{context.root}:

touch-file element must start

touch-file

touch-file value is the web.xml file, as the

Channels and endpoints

Channels are the client-side representation of the connection to a service, while endpoints are the server-side representation.

About channels and endpoints

Channels are client-side objects that encapsulate the connection behavior between Flex components and the LiveCycle Data Services server or the Edge Server. Channels communicate with corresponding endpoints on the LiveCycle Data Services server. You configure the properties of a channel and its corresponding endpoint in the services-config.xml file.

For more information on the Edge Server, see “Edge Server” on page 391.

How channels are assigned to a Flex component

Flex components use channel sets, which contain one or more channels, to contact the server. You can automatically or manually create and assign a channel set to a Flex component. The channel allows the component to contact the endpoint, which forwards the request to the destination.

If you compile an MXML file using the MXML compiler option -services pointing to the services-config.xml file, the component (RemoteObject, HTTPService, and so on) is automatically assigned a channel set that contains one or more appropriately configured channel instances. The configuration is based on the channel definition assigned to a destination in a configuration file. Alternatively, if you do not compile your application with the or want to override the compiled-in behavior, you can create a channel set in MXML or ActionScript, populate it with one or more channels, and then assign the channel set to the Flex component.

Application-level default channels are especially important when you want to use dynamically created destinations and you do not want to create and assign channel sets to your Flex components that use the dynamic destination. In that case, application-level default channels are used. For more information, see

“Assigning channels and endpoints

to a destination” on page 42.

-services option

When you compile a Flex client application with the MXML compiler-services option, it contains all of the information from the configuration files that is needed for the client to connect to the server.

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Configuring channels and endpoints

You can configure channels in channel definitions in the services-config.xml file or on the Flex client.

Configuring channels on the server

The channel definition in the following services-config.xml file snippet creates an AMFChannel that communicates with an AMFEndpoint on the server:

The channel-definition element specifies the following information:

• id and channel class type of the client-side channel that the Flex client uses to contact the server

• remote attribute that specifies that the endpoint as remote. In that case, the endpoint is not started on this server

and it is assumed that the client will connect to a remote endpoint on another server. This is useful when the client is compiled against this configuration but some of the endpoints are on a remote server.

• endpoint element that contains the URL and endpoint class type of the server-side endpoint

• properties element that contains channel and endpoint properties

• server element, which when using an NIO-based channel and endpoint optionally refers to a shared NIO server

configuration

The endpoint URL is the specific network location that the endpoint is exposed at. The channel uses this value to connect to the endpoint and interact with it. The URL must be unique across all endpoints exposed by the server. The

url attribute can point to the MessageBrokerServlet or an NIO server if you are using an NIO-based endpoint.

Configuring channels on the client

To create channels at runtime in Flex code, you create your own channel set in MXML or ActionScript, add channels to it, and then assign the channel set to a component. This process is common in the following situations:

• You do not compile your MXML file using the -services MXML compiler option. This is useful when you do not

want to hard code endpoint URLs into your compiled SWF files on the client. It is also useful when you want to use a remote server when developing an application in Flash Builder.

• You want to use a dynamically created destination (the destination is not in the services-config.xml file) with the

run-time configuration feature. For more information, see

“Run-time configuration” on page 411.

• You want to control in your client code the order of channels that a Flex component uses to connect to the server.

When you create and assign a channel set on the client, the client requires the correct channel type and endpoint URL to contact the server. The client does not specify the endpoint class that handles that request, but there must be a channel definition in the services-config.xml file that specifies the endpoint class to use with the specified endpoint URL.

The following example shows a RemoteObject component that defines a channel set and channel inline in MXML:

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... <RemoteObject id="ro" destination="Dest"> <mx:channelSet> <mx:ChannelSet> <mx:channels> <mx:AMFChannel id="myAmf" uri="http://myserver:2000/myapp/messagebroker/amf"/> </mx:channels> </mx:ChannelSet> </mx:channelSet> </RemoteObject> ...

The following example shows ActionScript code that is equivalent to the MXML code in the previous example:

... private function run():void { ro = new RemoteObject(); var cs:ChannelSet = new ChannelSet(); cs.addChannel(new AMFChannel("myAmf", "http://myserver:2000/eqa/messagebroker/amf")); ro.destination = "Dest"; ro.channelSet = cs; } ...

Important: When you create a channel on the client, you still must include a channel definition that specifies an endpoint class in the services-config.xml file. Otherwise, the message broker cannot pass a Flex client request to an endpoint.

To further externalize configuration, you can pass the endpoint URL value to the client at runtime. One way to do this is by reading a configuration file with an HTTPService component at application startup. The configuration file includes the information to programmatically create a channel set at runtime. You can use E4X syntax to get information from the configuration file.

The following MXML application shows this configuration file technique:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml"

applicationComplete="configSrv.send()"> <mx:Script> <![CDATA[ import mx.controls.Alert; import mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel; import mx.messaging.ChannelSet; import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent; private var channelSet:ChannelSet; private function configResultHandler(event:ResultEvent):void {

var xml:XML = event.result as XML;

var amfEndpoint:String = "" + xml..channel.(@id=="amf").@endpoint;

if (amfEndpoint == "")

{

Alert.show("amf channel not configured", "Error"); } else {

channelSet = new ChannelSet();

var channel:AMFChannel = new AMFChannel("my-amf", amfEndpoint);

channelSet.addChannel(channel);

ro.channelSet = channelSet;

ro.getProducts(); }

} ]]> </mx:Script> <mx:HTTPService id="configSrv" url="config.xml" resultFormat="e4x"

result="configResultHandler(event)"/>

<mx:RemoteObject id="ro" destination="product"/> <mx:DataGrid dataProvider="{ro.getProducts.lastResult}" width="100%" height="100%"/>

</mx:Application>

The MXML application reads the following configuration file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <config>

</channels>

</config>

Configuring a Flash Builder project with client-configured channels

When you create a new LiveCycle Data Services or BlazeDS project in Flash Builder, you typically select J2EE as the Application Server Type and then check Use Remote Object Access Service. This adds an MXML compiler argument that points to the services-config.xml file. If you check the Flex Compiler properties of your Flash Builder project, you see something like this:

-services "c:\lcds\tomcat\webapps\samples\WEB-INF\flex\services-config.xml"

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When you compile the application, the required values of the services-config.xml are included in the SWF file. The services-config.xml file is read at compile time and not at runtime as you might assume. You can use tokens such as {server.name}, {server.port}, and {context.root} in the services-config.xml file. The {context.root} token is substituted at compile time. The {server.name} and {server.port} are replaced at runtime with the server name and port number of the server the SWF is loaded from; you can’t use these tokens for AIR applications.

When you configure channels on the client, you can avoid dependency on the services-config.xml file. You can create a new Flex project with no Application Server Type settings because the channels are configured at runtime in the SWF file. For existing LiveCycle Data Services or BlazeDS projects, you can remove the services-config.xml compiler argument.

Assigning channels and endpoints to a destination

Settings in the LiveCycle Data Services configuration files determine the channels and endpoints from which a destination can accept messages, invocations, or data, except when you use the run-time configuration feature. The channels and endpoints are determined in one of the following ways:

• If most of the destinations across all services use the same channels, you can define application-level default

channels in the services-config.xml file, as the following example shows.

Note: Using application-level default channels is a best practice whenever possible.

<services-config ...> ... <default-channels> <channel ref="my-http"/> <channel ref="my-amf"/> </default-channels> ...

In this case, all destinations that do not define channels use a default channel. You can override the default channel setting by specifying a channel at the destination level or service level.

• If most of the destinations in a service use the same channels, you can define service-level default channels, as the

following example shows:

<service ...> ... <default-channels> <channel ref="my-http"/> <channel ref="my-amf"/> </default-channels> ...

In this case, all destinations in the service that do not explicitly specify their own channels use the default channel.

• The destination definition can reference a channel inline, as the following example shows:

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Fallback and failover behavior

The primary reason that channels are contained in a channel set is to provide a fallback mechanism from one channel to the next listed in the channel set, and so on, in case the first choice is unable to establish a connection to the server. For example, you could define a channel set that falls back from a StreamingAMFChannel to an AMFChannel with polling enabled to work around network components such as web server connectors, HTTP proxies, or reverse proxies that could buffer chunked responses incorrectly. You can also use this functionality to provide different protocol options so that a client can first try to connect using RTMP and if that fails, can fall back to HTTP.

The connection process involves searching for the first channel and trying to connect to it. In addition to the fallback behavior that the channel set provides, the channel defines a a channel in ActionScript that causes failover across this array of endpoint URLs when it tries to connect to its destination. If the channel defines failover URIs, each is attempted before the channel gives up and the channel set searches for the next available channel. If no channel in the set can connect, any pending unsent messages generate faults on the client.

If the channel was successfully connected before experiencing a fault or disconnection, it attempts a pinned reconnection to the same endpoint URL once. If this immediate reconnection attempt fails, the channel falls back to its previous failover strategy and attempts to fail over to other server nodes in the cluster or fall back to alternate channel protocols.

failoverURIs property. This property lets you configure

Choosing an endpoint

The two types of endpoints in LiveCycle Data Services are servlet-based endpoints and NIO-based endpoints that use Java New I/O APIs.

Note: NIO-based endpoints are not available in BlazeDS.

The J2EE servlet container manages networking, IO, and HTTP session maintenance for the servlet-based endpoints. NIO-based endpoints are outside the servlet container and run inside an NIO-based socket server. NIO-based endpoints can offer significant scalability gains. Because they are NIO-based, they are not limited to one thread per connection. Far fewer threads can efficiently handle high numbers of connections and IO operations. If the web application is not servicing general servlet requests, you can configure the servlet container to bind non-standard HTTP and HTTPS ports. Ports 80 and 443 are then free for your NIO-based endpoints to use.

You can also deploy an Edge Server in your DMZ to forward client requests to a LiveCycle Data Services server in the application tier. In this configuration, clients communicate with the Edge Server in the DMZ, and not directly with the LiveCycle Data Services server inside the internal firewall. This configuration gives you more options for the endpoints you can use and the ports those endpoints can listen over. For more information about the Edge Server, see

Server” on page 391.

The servlet-based endpoints are part of both BlazeDS and LiveCycle Data Services. Reasons to use servlet-based endpoints when you have LiveCycle Data Services are that you must include third-party servlet filter processing of requests and responses or you must access data structures in the application server HttpSession.

The NIO-based endpoints include RTMP endpoints as well as NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints that use the same client-side channels as their servlet-based counterparts.

The following situations prevent the NIO socket server used with NIO-based endpoints from creating a real-time connection between client and server in a typical deployment of a rich Internet application:

“Edge

• The only client access to the Internet is through a proxy server.

• The application server on which LiveCycle Data Services is installed can only be accessed from behind the web tier

in the IT infrastructure.

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Servlet-based streaming endpoints and long polling are good alternatives when NIO-based streaming is not an option. In the worst case, the client falls back to simple polling. The main disadvantages of polling are increased overhead on client and server machines, and increased network latency.

Servlet-based channel and endpoint combinations

LiveCycle Data Services provides the following servlet-based channel and endpoint combinations. A secure version of each of these channels/endpoints transports data over a secure HTTPS connection. The names of the secure channels and endpoints all start with the text "Secure"; for example, SecureAMFChannel and SecureAMFEndpoint.

Servlet-based channel/endpoint classes Description

AMFChannel/AMFEndpoint A simple channel/endpoint that transports data over HTTP in the

HTTPChannel/HTTPEndpoint Provides the same behavior as the AMF channel/endpoint, but

StreamingAMFChannel/StreamingAMFEndp oint

StreamingHTTPChannel/StreamingHTTPEnd point

binary AMF format in an asynchronous call and response model. Use for RPC requests/responses with RPC-style Flex components such as RemoteObject, HTTPService, and WebService. You can also configure a channel that uses this endpoint to repeatedly poll the endpoint for new messages. You can combine polling with a long wait interval for long polling, which handles near real-time communication.

For more information, see “Simple channels and endpoints” on page 47.

transports data in the AMFX format, which is the text-based XML representation of AMF. Transport with this endpoint is not as fast as with the AMFEndpoint because of the overhead of text-based XML. Use when binary AMF is not an option in your environment.

For more information, see “Simple channels and endpoints” on page 47.

Streams data in real time over the HTTP protocol in the binary AMF format. Use for real-time data services, such as the Data Management Service and the Message Service where streaming data is critical to performance.

For more information, see “Streaming AMF and HTTP channels” on page 52.

Provides the same behavior model as the streaming AMF channel/endpoint, but transports data in the AMFX format, which is the text-based XML representation of AMF. Transport with this endpoint is not as fast as with the StreamingAMFEndpoint because of the overhead of text-based XML. Use when binary AMF is not an option in your environment.

For more information, see “Streaming AMF and HTTP channels” on page 52.

NIO-based channel and endpoint combinations

The NIO-based endpoints include RTMP endpoints as well as NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints that use the same client-side channels as their servlet-based counterparts.

Note: NIO-based endpoints are not available in BlazeDS.

LiveCycle Data Services provides the following NIO-based channels/endpoints. A secure version of the RTMP channel/endpoint transports data over an RTMPS connection. A secure version of each of the HTTP and AMF channels/endpoints transports data over an HTTPS connection. The names of the secure channels and endpoints all start with the text "Secure"; for example, SecureAMFChannel and SecureNIOAMFEndpoint.

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NIO-based channel/endpoint classes Description

RTMPChannel/RTMPEndpoint Streams data in real time over the TCP-based RTMP protocol in

the binary AMF format. Use for real-time data services, such as the Data Management Service and the Message Service where streaming data is critical to performance.

The RTMP channel/endpoint uses an NIO server to support scaling up to thousands of connections. It uses a single duplex socket connection to the server and gives the server the best notification of Flash Player being shut down. If the direct connect attempt fails, Flash Player attempts a CONNECT tunnel through an HTTP proxy if the browser defines one (resulting in a direct, tunneled duplex socket connection to the server). In the worst case, Flash Player falls back to adaptive polling of HTTP requests that tunnel RTMP data back and forth between client and server, or it fails to connect entirely.

When you define an RTMP endpoint with a URI that starts with

rtmp: and specifies no port, the endpoint automatically binds

ports 1935 and 80 when the server starts.

When you define an RTMP endpoint with a URI that starts with

rtmpt: and specifies no port, the endpoint will automatically

bind port 80 when the server starts.

When you define a secure RTMP endpoint that specifies no port, the endpoint automatically binds port 443 when the server starts.

A defined (hardcoded) port value in the channel/endpoint URI overrides these defaults, and a setting overrides these as well. When using a defined port in the

bind-port the endpoint binds just that single port at

URI or startup.

For more information, see “Configuring channels with NIO-

based endpoints” on page 55.

bind-port configuration

AMFChannel/NIOAMFEndpoint NIO-based version of the AMF channel/endpoint. Uses an NIO

StreamingAMFChannel/ NIOStreamingAMFEndpoint

HTTPChannel/NIOHTTPEndpoint NIO-based version of HTTP channel/endpoint. Uses an NIO

StreamingHTTPChannel/StreamingNIOHTTPEnd point

server and a minimal HTTP stack to support scaling up to thousands of connections.

NIO-based version of streaming AMF channel/ endpoint. Uses an NIO server and a minimal HTTP stack to support scaling up to thousands of connections.

server and a minimal HTTP stack to support scaling up to thousands of connections.

NIO-based version of streaming HTTP channel/endpoint. Uses an NIO server and a minimal HTTP stack to support scaling up to thousands of connections.

Choosing a channel

Depending on your application requirements, you can use simple AMF or HTTP channels without polling or with piggybacking, polling, or long polling. You can also use streaming RTMP, AMF, or HTTP channels. The difference between AMF and HTTP channels is that AMF channels transport data in the binary AMF format and HTTP channels transport data in AMFX, the text-based XML representation of AMF. Because AMF channels provide better performance, use an HTTP channel instead of an AMF channel only when you have auditing or compliance requirements that preclude the use of binary data over your network or when you want the contents of messages to be easily readable over the network (on the wire).

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Non-polling AMF and HTTP channels

You can use AMF and HTTP channels without polling for remote procedure call (RPC) services, such as remoting service calls, proxied HTTP service calls and web service requests, or Data Management Service requests without automatic synchronization. These scenarios do not require the client to poll for messages or the server to push messages to the client.

Piggybacking on AMF and HTTP channels

The piggybacking feature enables the transport of queued messages along with responses to any messages the client sends to the server over the channel. By default, piggybacking is disabled. You can set it to

enabled property of a channel definition in the services-config.xml file or in the piggybackingEnabled property of

true in the piggybacking-

a Channel instance when you create a channel in ActionScript.

Piggybacking provides lightweight pseudo polling, where rather than the client channel polling the server on a fixed or adaptive interval, when the client sends a non-command message to the server (using a Producer, RemoteObject, or DataService object), the server sends any pending data for client messaging or data management subscriptions along with the response to the client message.

Piggybacking can also be used on a channel that has polling enabled but on a wide interval like 5 seconds or 10 seconds or more, in which case the application appears more responsive if the client is sending messages to the server. In this mode, the client sends a poll request along with any messages it sends to the server between its regularly scheduled poll requests. The channel piggybacks a poll request along with the message being sent, and the server piggybacks any pending messages for the client along with the acknowledge response to the client message.

Polling AMF and HTTP channels

AMF and HTTP channels support simple polling mechanisms that clients can use to request messages from the server at set intervals. A polling AMF or HTTP channel is useful when other options such as long polling or streaming channels are not acceptable and also as a fallback channel when a first choice, such as a streaming channel, is unavailable at run time.

Long polling AMF and HTTP channels

You can use AMF and HTTP channels in long polling mode to get pushed messages to the client when the other more efficient and real-time mechanisms are not suitable. This mechanism uses the normal application server HTTP request processing logic and works with typical J2EE deployment architectures.

You can establish long polling for any channel that uses a non-streaming AMF or HTTP endpoint by setting the

polling-enabled, polling-interval-millis, wait-interval-millis, and client-wait-interval-millis

properties in a channel definition; for more information, see

“Simple channels and endpoints” on page 47.

Streaming channels

For streaming, you can use RTMP channels, or streaming AMF or HTTP channels. Streaming channels must be paired with corresponding streaming endpoints that are NIO-based or servlet-based. Streaming AMF and HTTP channels work with servlet-based streaming AMF or HTTP endpoints or NIO-based streaming AMF or HTTP endpoints. RTMP channels work with NIO-based RTMP endpoints.

For more information about endpoints, see “Choosing an endpoint” on page 43.

Configuring channels with servlet-based endpoints

The servlet-based endpoints are part of both BlazeDS and LiveCycle Data Services.

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Simple channels and endpoints

The AMFEndpoint and HTTPEndpoint are simple servlet-based endpoints. You generally use channels with these endpoints without client polling for RPC service components, which require simple call and response communication with a destination. When working with the Message Service or Data Management Service, you can use these channels with client polling to constantly poll the destination on the server for new messages, or with long polling to provide near real-time messaging when using a streaming channel is not an option in your network environment.

Property Description

polling-enabled

polling-interval-millis

wait-interval-millis

client-wait-interval-millis

Optional channel property. Default value is false.

Optional channel property. Default value is 3000. This parameter specifies the number of milliseconds the client waits before polling the server again. When

interval-millis

a response from the server with no delay.

Optional endpoint property. Default value is 0. This parameter specifies the number of milliseconds the server poll response thread waits for new messages to arrive when the server has no messages for the client at the time of poll request handling. For this setting to take effect, you must use a nonzero value for the property.

A value of 0 means that server does not wait for new messages for the client and returns an empty acknowledgment as usual. A value of waits indefinitely until new messages arrive for the client before responding to the client poll request.

The recommended value is 60000 milliseconds (one minute).

Optional channel property. Default value is 0. Specifies the number of milliseconds the client will wait after it receives a poll response from the server that involved a server wait (wait-interval-millis is set to a non-zero value).

A value of 0 means the client uses its configured polling-

interval-millis

next poll. Otherwise, this value overrides the default polling interval of the client.

Setting this value to 1 allows clients that poll the server with wait (wait-interval-millis is set to a non-zero value) to poll immediately upon receiving a poll response from the server, providing a real-time message stream from the server to the client.

Clients that poll the server and are not serviced with a server wait (wait-interval-millis is not set to a non-zero value) use

polling-interval-millis value.

the

is 0, the client polls as soon as it receives

max-waiting-poll-requests

value to determine the wait until its

polling-

-1 means that server

max-waiting-poll-requests

piggybacking-enabled

Optional endpoint property. Default value is 0. Specifies the maximum number of server poll response threads that can be in wait state. When this limit is reached, the subsequent poll requests are treated as having zero

millis

Optional endpoint property. Default value is false. Enable to support piggybacking of queued messaging and data management subscription data along with responses to any messages the client sends to the server over this channel.

wait-interval-

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Property Description

flex-client-outbound-queue-processor

serialization

Optional channel property. Default value is false. Setting

true causes clients to automatically attempt to

to reauthenticate themselves with the server when they send a message that fails because credentials have been reset due to server session timeout. The failed messages are resent after reauthentication, making the session timeout transparent to the client with respect to authentication.

requests (messages) that fault due to an authentication error for a client that was previously authenticated but is no longer authenticated. The destination or service must be protected with a security constraint. The

disconnect

other reason.

Optional channel property. Use to manage messaging quality of service for subscribers. Every client that subscribes to the server over this channel is assigned a unique instance of the specified outbound queue processor implementation that manages the flow of messages to the client. This can include message conflation, filtering, scheduled delivery and load shedding. You can define configuration properties, and if so, they are used to configure each new queue processor instance that is created. The following example shows how to provide a configuration property:

<flex-client-outbound-queue-processor class="my.company.QoSQueueProcessor"> <properties> <custom-property>5000</custom-property> </properties> </flex-client-outbound-queue-processor>

Optional serialization properties on endpoint. For more information, see

channel” on page 84.

setting is not used if a message faults for any

“Configuring AMF serialization on a

connect-timeout-seconds

invalidate-session-on-disconnect

add-no-cache-headers

Optional channel property. Default value is 0. Use to limit the client channel's connect attempt to the specified time interval.

Optional endpoint property. Disabled by default. If enabled, when a disconnect message is received from a client channel, the corresponding server session is invalidated. If the client is closed without first disconnecting its channel, no disconnect message is sent, and the server session is invalidated when its idle timeout elapses.

Optional endpoint property. Default value is true. HTTPS requests on some browsers do not work when pragma nocache headers are set. By default, the server adds headers, including pragma no-cache headers to HTTP responses to stop caching by the browsers.

Non-polling AMF and HTTP channels

The simplest types of channels are AMF and HTTP channels in non-polling mode, which operate in a single requestreply pattern. The following example shows AMF and HTTP channel definitions configured for no polling:

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<channel-definition id="samples-amf" type="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://{server.name}:8100/myapp/messagebroker/amf" type="flex.messaging.endpoints.AmfEndpoint"/> </channel-definition>  <channel-definition id="my-secure-amf" class="mx.messaging.channels.SecureAMFChannel"> <endpoint url="https://{server.name}:9100/dev/messagebroker/ amfsecure" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.SecureAMFEndpoint"/> </channel-definition>  <channel-definition id="my-http" class="mx.messaging.channels.HTTPChannel"> <endpoint url="http://{server.name}:8100/dev/messagebroker/http" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.HTTPEndpoint"/> </channel-definition>  <channel-definition id="my-secure-http" class="mx.messaging.channels.SecureHTTPChannel"> <endpoint url= "https://{server.name}:9100/dev/messagebroker/ httpsecure" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.SecureHTTPEndpoint"/> </channel-definition>

Polling AMF and HTTP channels

You can use an AMF or HTTP channel in polling mode to repeatedly poll the endpoint to create client-pull message consumers. The interval at which the polling occurs is configurable on the channel. You can also manually poll by calling the a high number so that the channel does not automatically poll, and call the

poll() method of a channel for which polling is enabled; for example, you want set the polling interval to

poll() method to poll manually based on

an event, such as a button click.

When you use a polling AMF or HTTP channel, you set the polling property to true in the channel definition. You can also configure the polling interval in the channel definition.

Note: You can also use AMF and HTTP channels in long polling mode to get pushed messages to the client when the other more efficient and real-time mechanisms are not suitable. For information about long polling, see

“Long polling AMF

and HTTP channels” on page 50.

The following example shows AMF and HTTP channel definitions configured for polling:

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<channel-definition id="samples-polling-amf" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://{server.name}:8700/dev/messagebroker/amfpolling" type="flex.messaging.endpoints.AMFEndpoint"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>true</polling-enabled> <polling-interval-millis>8000</polling-interval-millis> </properties> </channel-definition>  <channel-definition id="samples-polling-http" class="mx.messaging.channels.HTTPChannel"> <endpoint url="http://{server.name}:8700/dev/messagebroker/httppolling" type="flex.messaging.endpoints.HTTPEndpoint"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>true</polling-enabled> <polling-interval-millis>8000</polling-interval-millis> </properties> </channel-definition>

Note: You can also use secure AMF or HTTP channels in polling mode.

Long polling AMF and HTTP channels

In the default configuration for a polling AMF or HTTP channel, the endpoint does not wait for messages on the server. When the poll request is received, it checks whether any messages are queued for the polling client and if so, those messages are delivered in the response to the HTTP request. You configure long polling in the same way as polling, but you also must set the

interval-millis properties.

wait-interval-millis, max-waiting-poll-requests, and client-wait-

To achieve long polling, you set the following properties in the properties section of a channel definition in the services-config.xml file:

• polling-enabled

• polling-interval-millis

• wait-interval-millis

• max-waiting-poll-requests.

• client-wait-interval-millis

The following example shows AMF and HTTP channel definitions configured for long polling:

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<channel-definition id="my-amf-longpoll" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:8700/contextroot/messagebroker/myamflongpoll" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.AMFEndpoint"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>true</polling-enabled> <polling-interval-millis>0</polling-interval-millis> <wait-interval-millis>60000</wait-interval-millis> <client-wait-interval-millis>3000</client-wait-interval-millis> <max-waiting-poll-requests>100</max-waiting-poll-requests> </properties> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="my-http-longpoll" class="mx.messaging.channels.HTTPChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:8700/contextroot/messagebroker/myhttplongpoll" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.HTTPEndpoint"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>true</polling-enabled> <polling-interval-millis>0</polling-interval-millis> <wait-interval-millis>60000</wait-interval-millis> <client-wait-interval-millis>3000</client-wait-interval-millis> <max-waiting-poll-requests>100</max-waiting-poll-requests> </properties> </channel-definition>

Note: You can also use secure AMF or HTTP channels in polling mode.

The caveat for using the wait-interval-millis is the utilization of available application server threads. Because this channel ties up one application server request handling thread for each parked poll request, this mechanism can have an impact on server resources and performance. Modern JVMs can typically support about 200 threads comfortably if given enough heap space. Check the maximum thread stack size (often 1 or 2 megabytes per thread) and make sure that you have enough memory and heap space for the number of application server threads you configure. This limitation does not apply to NIO-based endpoints.

To ensure that Flex clients using channels with wait-interval-millis do not lock up your application server, LiveCycle Data Services requires that you set the

max-waiting-poll-requests property, which specifies the

maximum number of waiting connections that LiveCycle Data Services should manage. This number must be set to a number smaller than the number of HTTP request threads your application server is configured to use. For example, you configure the application server to have at most 200 threads and allow at most 170 waiting poll requests. This setting would ensure that you have at least 30 application server threads to use for handling other HTTP requests. Your free application server threads should be large enough to maximize parallel opportunities for computation. Applications that are I/O heavy can require a large number of threads to ensure all I/O channels are utilized completely. Multiple threads are useful for the following operations:

Using different settings for these properties results in different behavior. For example, setting the wait-interval-

millis property to 0 (zero) and setting the polling-interval-millis property to a nonzero positive value results

in normal polling. Setting the

wait-interval-millis property to a high value reduces the number of poll messages

that the server must process, but the number of request handling threads on the server limits the total number of parked poll requests.

• Simultaneously writing responses to clients behind slow network connections

• Executing database queries or updates

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• Performing computation on behalf of user requests

Another consideration for using wait-interval-millis is that LiveCycle Data Services must avoid monopolizing the available connections that the browser allocates for communicating with a server. The HTTP 1.1 specification recommends that browsers allocate at most two connections to the same server when the server supports HTTP 1.1. To avoid using more that one connection from a single browser, LiveCycle Data Services allows only one waiting thread for a given application server session at a time. If more than one Flash Player instance within the same browser process attempts to interact with the server using long polling, the server forces them to poll on the default interval with no server wait to avoid busy polling.

Streaming AMF and HTTP channels

The streaming AMF and HTTP channels are HTTP-based streaming channels that the LiveCycle Data Services server can use to push updates to clients using a technique called HTTP streaming. These channels give you the option of using standard HTTP for real-time messaging. This capability is supported for HTTP 1.1, but is not available for HTTP

1.0. There are also a number of proxy servers still in use that are not compliant with HTTP 1.1. When using a streaming channel, make sure that the channel has back to, such as an AMF polling channel.

LiveCycle Data Services gives you the additional option of using NIO-based endpoints with streaming AMF and HTTP channels. For more information about using NIO-based endpoints, see

endpoints” on page 55.

connect-timeout-seconds defined and the channel set has a channel to fall

“Configuring channels with NIO-based

Using streaming AMF or HTTP channels/endpoints is like setting a long polling interval on a standard AMF or HTTP channel/endpoint, but the connection is never closed even after the server pushes the data to the client. By keeping a dedicated connection for server updates open, network latency is greatly reduced because the client and the server do not continuously open and close the connection. Unlike polling channels, because streaming channels keep a constant connection open, they can be adversely affected by HTTP connectors, proxies, reverse proxies or other network components that can buffer the response stream.

The following table describes the channel and endpoint configuration properties in the services-config.xml file that are specific to streaming AMF and HTTP channels/endpoints. The table includes the default property values as well as considerations for specific environments and applications.

Property Description

connect-timeout-seconds

idle-timeout-minutes

Using a streaming connection that passes through an HTTP 1.1 proxy server that incorrectly buffers the response sent back to the client hangs the connection. For this reason, you must set the

seconds

property to a relatively short timeout period and specify a

fallback channel such as an AMF polling channel.

Optional channel property. Default value is 0. Specifies the number of minutes that a streaming channel is allowed to remain idle before it is closed. Setting the timeout completely, but it is a potential security concern.

idle-timeout-minutes property to 0 disables the

connect-timeout-

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Property Description

max-streaming-clients

server-to-client-heartbeatmillis

Optional endpoint property. Default value is 10. Limits the number of Flex clients that can open a streaming connection to the endpoint. To determine an appropriate value, consider the number of threads available on your application server because each streaming connection open between a FlexClient and the streaming endpoints uses a thread on the server. Use a value that is lower than the maximum number of threads available on the application server.

This value is for the number of Flex client application instances, which can each contain one or more MessageAgents (Producer or Consumer components).

Optional endpoint property. Default value is 5000. Number of milliseconds that the server waits before writing a single byte to the streaming connection to make sure that the client is still available. This is important to determine when a client is no longer available so that its resources associated with the streaming connection can be cleaned up. A nonpositive value disables this functionality.

Note that this functionality does not keep the session alive. To keep a session alive, add a

flex-client settings in the services-config.xml file. For more

information, see

heartbeat-interval-millis property to the

“Configuration elements” on page 33.

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Property Description

user-agent-settings

Optional endpoint property. Use user agents to customize a long-polling or streaming endpoints for specific browsers. Long-polling and streaming endpoints require persistent HTTP connections which are limited differently by different browsers per session. A single long-poll connection requires two browser HTTP connections in order to send data in both directions: one for the streamed response from the server to the client that the channel hangs on to, and a second transient connection, drawn from the browser pool only when data needs to be sent to the server and this second transient connection is then immediately released back to the browser's connection pool. For client applications to function properly, the number of HTTP connections made by all clients running in the same session must stay within the limit established by the browser.

The max-persistent-connections-per-session setting lets you limit the number of long-polling or streaming connections that can be made from clients in the same browser session. The

kickstart-bytes

setting indicates a certain number of bytes must be written before the endpoint can reliably use a streaming connection.

There is a browser-specific limit to the number of connections allowed per session. By default, LiveCycle Data Services uses

streaming-connections-per-session

specific limits by specifying

user-agent elements with a match-on value

1 as the value for max-

. You can add browser-

for specific browser user agents.

The special match string "*" defines a default to be used if no string matches. The match strings

"MSIE" and "Firefox" are always defined

and must be specified explicitly to override the default settings. Specifying

"*" does not do so. If you are using streaming channels, you should

configure both the streaming and polling channels to the same values

The following example shows default user agent values:

<user-agent-settings> <!-- MSIE 5, 6, 7 limit is 2. <user-agent match-on="MSIE" max-persistent-connectionsper-session="1" kickstart-bytes="2048"/>

--> <!-- MSIE 8 limit is 6. <user-agent match-on="MSIE 8" max-persistentconnections-per-session="5" kickstart-bytes="2048"/>

--> <!-- Firefox 1, 2 limit is 2. <user-agent match-on="Firefox" max-persistentconnections-per-session="1"/>

--> <!-- Firefox 3 limit is 6. <user-agent match-on="Firefox/3" max-persistentconnections-per-session="5"/>

--> <!-- Safari 3, 4 limit is 4. <user-agent match-on="Safari" max-persistentconnections-per-session="3"/>

--> <!-- Chrome 0, 1, 2 limit is 6. <user-agent match-on="Chrome" max-persistentconnections-per-session="5"/>

--> <!-- Opera 7, 9 limit is 4. <user-agent match-on="Opera" max-persistentconnections-per-session="3"/>

--> <!-- Opera 8 limit is 8. <user-agent match-on="Opera 8" max-persistentconnections-per-session="7"/>

--> <!-- Opera 10 limit is 8. <user-agent match-on="Opera/9.8" max-persistentconnections-per-session="7"/>

--> </user-agent-settings>

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The following example shows streaming AMF and HTTP channel definitions:

<channel-definition id="my-amf-stream" class="mx.messaging.channels.StreamingAMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/myapp/messagebroker/streamingamf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.StreamingAMFEndpoint"/> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="my-secure-amf-stream" class="mx.messaging.channels.SecureStreamingAMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/myapp/messagebroker/securestreamingamf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.SecureStreamingAMFEndpoint"/> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="my-http-stream" class="mx.messaging.channels.StreamingHTTPChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/myapp/messagebroker/streaminghttp" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.StreamingHTTPEndpoint"/> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="my-secure-http-stream" class="mx.messaging.channels.SecureStreamingHTTPChannel"> <endpoint url="https://servername:2080/myapp/messagebroker/securestreaminghttp" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.SecureStreamingHTTPEndpoint"/> </channel-definition>

Configuring channels with NIO-based endpoints

Note: NIO-based endpoints are not available in BlazeDS.

AMF and HTTP (AMFX) channels offer long-polling and streaming channel support over HTTP. They are a good alternative to simple polling and approximate real-time push. However, in LiveCycle Data Services 2.5 they relied on servlet-based AMF and HTTP endpoints on the server. The servlet API requires a request-handler thread for each long-polling or streaming connection. A thread is not available to service other requests while it is servicing a longpoll parked on the server, or while it is servicing a streaming HTTP response. Therefore, the servlet implementation does not scale well for a large number of long-polling or streaming connections.

NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints address this scalability limitation by providing identical transport functionality from the client perspective, while avoiding the requirement of using one thread for each long-polling or streaming connection. NIO-based endpoints use the Java NIO API to service a large number of client connections in a nonblocking, asynchronous fashion.

Note: Like servlet-based endpoints, NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints return a session id to inject into the client channel URL in the first response that is returned from the server. This allows client-server interaction to work when the client has cookies disabled. NIO endpoints also return a stand-in representation of a javax.servlet.HttpServletRequest object even though these endpoints do not use the Servlet API in any way. This stand-in object supports a subset of the full HttpServletRequest API. For more information, see the flex.messaging.io.http.StandInHttpServletRequest class the Javadoc API documentation.

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Configuring a shared socket server for NIO-based endpoints

You can configure one or more socket servers for use with NIO-based endpoints. The only reason to define more than one socket server is if you want to use both secure and insecure NIO endpoints. An underlying server either supports secure (SSL or TLS) connections or insecure connections, not both.

Do not define more than one socket server unless you need both secure and insecure support in the same application. When you do define more than one socket server, you can specify which server the endpoint of a channel definition uses. You use the can contain one or more

<server id="secure-nio-server" class="flex.messaging.socketserver.SocketServer"> <properties> <keystore-file>d:\keystores\localhoststore</keystore-file> <keystore-file>{context.root}/WEB-INF/flex/localhost.keystore</keystore-file> <keystore-password>changeit</keystore-password> <alias>lh</alias> </properties> </server> </servers>

server element in the services-config.xml file to create the server definition. The servers element

server elements, as the following example shows:

NIO-based endpoints within a channel definition reference a <server> definition by using the <server ref="..."/> property, as the following example shows:

<channel-definition id="my-nio-amf" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://localhost:2080/mynioamf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.NIOAMFEndpoint"/> <server ref="my-nio-server"/> </channel-definition>

Note: One reason to share a server definition among multiple endpoint definitions is that a single port cannot be bound by more than one server definition. For example, if your application must define both a regular NIOAMFEndpoint as well as a StreamingNIOAMFEndpoint, you want clients to be able to reach either endpoint over the same port so these endpoints must reference a common server. If you do not require a shared server, you can configure socket server properties inside channel definitions.

An NIO-based endpoint can implicitly define and use an internal server definition by omitting the <server ref="..."/> property, and instead including any server configuration properties directly within its

<properties> element. For

example, if you define only a single NIO-based AMF or HTTP endpoint, omit the <server ref="…"/> element and define any desired properties within the endpoint definition. However, if a <server ref="..."/> property is included in the channel definition, any server-related configuration properties in the endpoint definition are ignored and must instead be defined directly for the server itself.

If you configure more than one NIO-based AMF or HTTP endpoint that is not secure, they should all reference a shared unsecured should all reference a secured shared

server definition. If you define more than one secure NIO-based AMF or HTTP endpoint, they

<server> definition. This configuration lets all insecure endpoints share the

same insecure port, and lets all the secure endpoints share a separate, secure port.

Note: A server definition accepts either standard or secure connections based on whether it is configured to use a keystore. A

server definition cannot service both standard and secure connections concurrently.

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The endpoint uses the class attribute to register the protocol-specific connection implementation classes with the server. For information on the NIO HTTP implementation classes, see

“Defining channels and NIO-based endpoints”

on page 57.

Secure server definition

A secure server definition requires a digital certificate, and contains child elements for specifying a keystore filename and password. You can create public and private key pairs and self-signed certificates with the Java keytool utility. The common name (CN) of self-signed certificates must be set to

localhost or the IP address on which the RTMPS

endpoint is available. For information about key and certificate creation and management, see the Java keytool documentation at

http://java.sun.com.

Optionally, you can store a keystore password in a separate file, possibly on removable media. Specify only one keystore-password or keystore-password-file. The following example shows a

<keystore-password-file>a:\password</keystore-password-file>

keystore-password-file element:

Compatibility with previous versions of LiveCycle Data Services

The NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints are functionally equivalent to the existing servlet-based AMF and HTTP endpoints as far as the client is concerned. You should be able to run your existing applications, using the existing configuration files, when migrating your application to LiveCycle Data Services 2.6.

NIO-based endpoints do not support the following configuration options:

• max-waiting-poll-requests

NIO-based polling endpoints do not have the threading limitation that the servlet API imposes, so they do not require nor support the

max-waiting-poll-requests property.

• max-streaming-clients

NIO-based streaming endpoints do not have the threading limitation that the servlet API imposes, so they do not require nor support the

max-streaming-clients property.

Defining channels and NIO-based endpoints

When defining NIO-based endpoints, you specify one of the following classes to define the protocol-specific connection implementation There is also a secure version of each of these endpoints that transports data over a secure connection. The names of the secure endpoints all start with the text "Secure"; for example, SecureRTMPEndpoint.

• RTMPEndpoint

• NIOAMFEndpoint

• StreamingNIOAMFEndpoint

• NIOHTTPEndpoint

• StreamingNIOHTTPEndpoint

The NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints implement part of the HttpServletRequest interface to expose headers and cookies in requests to custom LoginCommands or for other uses. You can access the HttpServletRequest instance by using the interface; therefore, the

FlexContext.getHttpRequest() method. These endpoints do not implement the HttpServletResponse

FlexContext.getHttpResponse() method returns null.

Supported methods from the HttpServletRequest interface include the following:

• getCookies()

• getDateHeader()

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• getHeader()

• getHeaderNames()

• getHeaders()

• getIntHeader()

Calling an unsupported method of the HttpServletRequest interface throws an UnsupportedOperationException exception.

Configuring RTMP endpoints

You use RTMP channels to connect to an RTMP endpoint that supports real-time messaging and data. You can also configure these channels for long polling.

RTMPT connections are HTTP connections from the client to the server over which RTMP data is tunneled. When a direct RTMP connection is unavailable, the standard and secure channels automatically attempt to use RTMPT and tunneled RTMPS connections, respectively, on the RTMP endpoint with no additional configuration required.

Note: You cannot use server.port tokens in an RTMP endpoint configuration. You can use the server.name token, but not when using clustering. If you have a firewall in place, you must open the port that you assign to the RTMP endpoint to allow RTMP traffic.

RTMP is a protocol that is primarily used to stream data, audio, and video over the Internet to Flash Player clients. RTMP maintains a persistent connection with an endpoint and allows real-time communication. You can make an RTMP connection in one of the following ways depending upon the network setup of the clients:

• Direct socket connection.

• Tunneled socket connection through an HTTP proxy server using the CONNECT method.

• Active, adaptive polling using the browser HTTP stack. This mechanism does place additional computational load

on the RTMP server and so reduces the scalability of the deployment.

RTMP direct socket connection

RTMP in its most direct form uses a simple TCP socket connection from the client machine directly to the RTMP server.

RTMPT Tunnelling with HTTP Proxy Server Connect

This connection acts like a direct connection but uses the proxy server support for the CONNECT protocol if supported. If this connection is not supported, the server falls back to using HTTP requests with polling.

RTMPT Tunnelling with HTTP requests

In this mode, the client uses an adaptive polling mechanism to implement two-way communication between the browser and the server. This mechanism is not configurable and is designed to use at most one connection between the client and server at a time to ensure that Flash Player does not consume all of the connections the browser allows to one server.

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Connecting RTMP from the web tier to the application server tier

Currently, all RTMP connections must be made from the browser, or an HTTP proxy server in the case of a CONNECT-based tunnel connection, directly to the RTMP server. Because the NIO server is embedded in the application server tier with access to the database, in some server environments it is not easy to expose it directly to web clients. There are a few ways to address this problem in your configuration:

• You can expose a firewall and load balancer to web clients that can implement a TCP pass-through mode to the

LiveCycle Data Services server.

• You can place a proxy server on the web tier that supports the HTTP CONNECT protocol so it can proxy

connections from the client to the RTMP server. This provides real-time connection support by passing the web tier. The proxy server configuration can provide control over which servers and ports can use this protocol so it is more secure than opening up the RTMP server directly to clients. For an RTMP CONNECT tunnel to work, the client browser must be configured to use a specific HTTP proxy server.

• You can place a reverse proxy server on the web tier which proxies simple HTTP requests to the NIO server. This

approach only works in RTMPT polling mode.

• You can deploy an Edge Server in your DMZ. Clients connect to the Edge Server over RTMP, and the Edge Server

then forwards the client requests to a LiveCycle Data Services server in the application tier. Because the Edge Server is running in the DMZ, you are not exposing the secure application tier of your internal network.

Configuring a standard RTMPChannel/RTMPEndpoint

Use a standard RTMPChannel/RTMPEndpoint only when transmitting data that does not require security. The following example shows an RTMP channel definition:

<channel-definition id="my-rtmp" class="mx.messaging.channels.RTMPChannel"> <endpoint url="rtmp://{server.name}:2035" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.RTMPEndpoint"/> <properties> <idle-timeout-minutes>20</idle-timeout-minutes> </properties> </channel-definition>

You can use the optional rtmpt-poll-wait-millis-on-client element when clients are connected over RTMPT while performing adaptive polling. After receiving a server response, clients wait for an absolute time interval before issuing the next poll request rather than using an exponential back-off up to a maximum poll wait time of 4 seconds. Allowed values are integers in the range of 0 to 4000, for example:

<rtmpt-poll-wait-millis-on-client>0</rtmpt-poll-wait-millis-on-client>

You can set the optional block-rtmpt-polling-clients element to true to allow the server to be configured to drop the inefficient polling connection. This action triggers the client to fall back to the next channel in its channel set. The default value is

false.

When an RTMPChannel internally falls back to tunneling, it sends its HTTP requests to the same domain/port that is used for regular RTMP connections and these requests must be sent over a standard HTTP port so that they make it through external firewalls that some clients could be behind. For RTMP to work, you must bind your server-side RTMP endpoint for both regular RTMP connections and tunneled connections to port 80. When the client channel falls back to tunneling, it always goes to the domain/port specified in the channel endpoint URI.

If you have a switch or load balancer that supports virtual IPs, you can use a deployment as the following table shows, using a virtual IP (and no additional NIC on the LiveCycle Data Services server) where client requests first hit a load balancer that routes them back to a backing LiveCycle Data Services server:

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Public Internet Load balancer LiveCycle Data Services

Browser client makes HTTP request my.domain.com:80 Servlet container bound to port 80

Browser client uses RTMP/T rtmp.domain.com:

80 (virtual IP address)

RTMPEndpoint bound to any port; for example, 2037

The virtual IP/port in this example (rtmp.domain.com:80) is configured to route back to port 2037 or whatever port the RTMPEndpoint is configured to use on the LiveCycle Data Services server. In this approach, the RTMPEndpoint does not have to bind to a standard port because the load balancer publicly exposes the endpoint via a separate virtual IP address on a standard port.

If you do not have a switch or load balancer that supports virtual IPs, you need a second NIC to allow the RTMPEndpoint to bind port 80 on the same server as the servlet container that binds to port 80 on the primary NIC, as the following table shows:

Public Internet LiveCycle Data Services

Browser client makes HTTP request

Browser client uses RTMP/T

NICs

my.domain.com:80 Servlet container bound to port 80 on primary NIC using

rtmp.domain.com:80 RTMPEndpoint bound to port 80 on a second NIC using a

LiveCycle Data Services

primary domain/IP address

separate domain/IP address

In this approach the physical LiveCycle Data Services server has two NICs, each with its own static IP address. The servlet container binds port 80 on the primary NIC and the RTMPEndpoint binds port 80 on the secondary NIC. This allows traffic to and from the server to happen over a standard port (80) regardless of the protocol (HTTP or RTMP). The key take away is that for the RTMPT fallback to work smoothly, the RTMPEndpoint must be exposed to Flex clients over port 80, which is the standard HTTP port that generally allows traffic (unlike nonstandard RTMP ports like 2037, which are usually closed by IT departments).

To bind the RTMPEndpoint to port 80, one of the approaches above is required. For secure RTMPS (direct or tunneled) connections, the information above is the same but you would use port 443. If an application requires both secure and non-secure RTMP connections with tunneling fallback, you do not need three NICs; you need only two. The first NIC services regular HTTP/HTTPS traffic on the primary IP address at ports 80 and 443, and the second NIC services RTMP and RTMPS connections on the secondary IP at ports 80 and 443. If a load balancer is in use, it is the same as the first option above where LiveCycle Data Services has a single NIC and the different IP/port combinations are defined at the load balancer.

Configuring NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints

The NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoint classes support simple polling, long-polling, and streaming requests. Like the socket server configuration options, these endpoints support the existing configuration options defined for the RTMPEndpoint, AMFEndpoint and HTTPEndpoint classes, and the following additional configuration options:

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Option Description

session-cookie-name

session-timeoutminutes

max-request-line-size

max-request-body-size

(Optional) Default value is AMFSessionId. The name used for the session cookie set by the endpoint.

If you define multiple NIO-based endpoints and specify a custom cookie name, it must be the same for all NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints.

(Optional) Default value is 15 minutes. The session timeout for inactive NIO HTTP sessions, in minutes. Long-poll requests or streaming connections that uses

server-to-client-heartbeat-millis keep the session alive, as will any

request from the client.

If you define multiple NIO-based endpoint and specify a custom session timeout, it must be the same for all NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints.

(Optional) Default value is 8192 characters. Requests that contain request or header lines that exceed this value are dropped and the connection is closed.

(Optional) Default is 5 MB. The maximum POST body size, in bytes, that the endpoint accepts. Requests that exceed this limit are dropped and the connection is closed.

Channels that use NIO-based endpoints

The following channel definition defines an RTMP channel for use with RTMP endpoints.

<channel-definition id="my-rtmp" class="mx.messaging.channels.RTMPChannel"> <endpoint url="rtmp://servername:2038" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.RTMPEndpoint"/> <properties> <idle-timeout-minutes>0</idle-timeout-minutes> <bind-address>10.132.64.63</bind-address> <bind-port>2035</bind-port> </properties> </channel-definition>

The following channel definitions define AMF channels for use with NIO-based AMF endpoints.

<channel-definition id="my-nio-amf" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/nioamf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.NIOAMFEndpoint"/> <server ref="my-nio-server"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>false</polling-enabled> </properties> </channel-definition>

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<channel-definition id="my-nio-amf-poll" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/nioamfpoll" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.NIOAMFEndpoint"/> <server ref="my-nio-server"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>true</polling-enabled> <polling-interval-millis>3000</polling-interval-millis> </properties> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="my-nio-amf-longpoll" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/nioamflongpoll" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.NIOAMFEndpoint"/> <server ref="my-nio-server"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>true</polling-enabled> <polling-interval-millis>0</polling-interval-millis> <wait-interval-millis>-1</wait-interval-millis> </properties> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="my-nio-amf-stream" class="mx.messaging.channels.StreamingAMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/nioamfstream" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.StreamingNIOAMFEndpoint"/> <server ref="my-nio-server"/> <properties> <server-to-client-heartbeat-millis>10000</server-to-client-heartbeat-millis> <user-agent-settings> <user-agent match-on="MSIE" kickstart-bytes="2048" max-streaming-connections-per-session="1"/> <user-agent match-on="Firefox" kickstart-bytes="0" max-streaming-connections-per-session="1"/> </user-agent-settings> </properties> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="secure-nio-amf" class="mx.messaging.channels.SecureAMFChannel"> <endpoint url="https://servername:2443/securenioamf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.SecureNIOAMFEndpoint"/> <server ref="secure-nio-server"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>false</polling-enabled> </properties> </channel-definition>

The following channel definitions define HTTP channels for use with NIO-based HTTP endpoints:

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<channel-definition id="my-nio-http" class="mx.messaging.channels.HTTPChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/niohttp" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.NIOHTTPEndpoint"/> <server ref="my-nio-server"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>false</polling-enabled> </properties> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="my-nio-http-stream" class="mx.messaging.channels.StreamingHTTPChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:2080/niohttpstream" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.StreamingNIOHTTPEndpoint"/> <server ref="my-nio-server"/> </channel-definition>

<channel-definition id="secure-nio-http" class="mx.messaging.channels.SecureHTTPChannel"> <endpoint url="https://servername:2443/secureniohttp" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.SecureNIOHTTPEndpoint"/> <server ref="secure-nio-server"/> <properties> <polling-enabled>false</polling-enabled> </properties> </channel-definition>

Monitoring an NIO-based endpoint through a proxy service

You can use a proxy service to monitor traffic to and from an NIO-based endpoint. To do so, set the url property of

endpoint element in a channel definition to use the port on which you want the proxy service to listen. The client

the uses the

url property of the endpoint element. Set the bind-port property of the NIO server to the port that the

server endpoint should listen on.

For the following channel definition, you would configure your proxy service to listen for requests on port 9999 and forward requests to port 2081:

<channel-definition class="mx.messaging.channels.StreamingAMFChannel" id="qa-nio-amf-stream-proxy"> <endpoint class="flex.messaging.endpoints.StreamingNIOAMFEndpoint"

url="http://yourserver:9999/nioamfstreamproxy"/>

Configuring the socket server

You configure one or more socket server definitions in the services-config.xml file. Once defined, you can specify which server a channel definition uses.

Note: You can optionally set any of the socket server properties directly in a channel definition for situations where you are not sharing the same socket server for more than one endpoint.

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Use a secure channel definition to connect to the endpoint over Transport Layer Security (TLS) for RTMP-based endpoints or SSL for servlet-based endpoints. When using RTMP, the channel falls back to tunneled RTMPS when a direct connection is unavailable.

The following table describes the configuration options for the socket server:

Option Description

Security Related Options

max-connection-count

connection-idle-timeout-minutes

idle-timeout-minutes

whitelist

blacklist

(Optional) The total number of open connections that the server accepts. Clients that attempt to connect beyond this limit are rejected. Setting

max-connection-count to 0, the default,

disables this limitation.

Note that this is a potential security concern.

(Optional) The number of minutes that a streaming channel is allowed to remain idle before it is closed. Setting

minutes

to 0, the default value, disables the timeout.

idle-timeout-

Note that this is a potential security concern.

Supported but deprecated. See connection-idle-timeout-

minutes

above.

(Optional) Contains client IP addresses that are permitted to connect to the server. When defined, client IPs must satisfy this filter to connect. The

whitelist option if the client IP is a member of both sets.

blacklist option takes precedence over the

Define a whitelist by creating a list of ip-address and ip-

address-pattern

elements. The ipaddress- element supports simple IP matching, allowing you to use a wildcard symbol, *, for individual bytes in the address. The

ip-address-pattern element

supports regular-expression pattern matching of IP addresses to support range-based IP filtering, as the following example shows:

(Optional) Contains client IPs that are restricted from accessing the server. The

whitelist option if the client IP is a member of both sets.

blacklist option takes precedence over the

Blacklists take a list of ip-address and ip-address-pattern elements, as the following example shows:

For more information on the ip-address and ip-address-

pattern

elements, see the whitelist option.

cross-domain-path

Path to a cross domain policy file. For more information, see “Using

cross domain policy files with the NIO server” on page 68.

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Option Description

enabled-cipher-suites

General Server Options

bind-address

bind-port

reuse-address-enabled

A cipher suite is a set of encryption algorithms. Secure NIO socket server definitions or secure NIO (RTMP, AMF, or HTTP) endpoint definitions can define a restricted set of cipher suites to use with secure connections, as the following examples shows:

<enabled-cipher-suites> <cipher-suite>SSL_RSA_WITH_128_MD5</cipher-suite> <ciphersuite>TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA</ciphersuite> </enabled-cipher-suites>

If left undefined, the default set of cipher suites for the security provider implementation of the Java virtual machine (JVM) are used for secure connection handshaking. If an unsupported cipher suite is defined, an error occurs and a ConfigurationException exception is thrown when the server starts.

(Optional) Binds the server to a specific network interface. If left unspecified, the server binds to all local network interfaces on startup.

(Optional) Binds the server to a port that differs from the public port that clients connect to. This allows clients to connect to a public port on a firewall or load balancer that forwards traffic to this internal port.

(Optional) When set to false disables address reuse by the socket server. This causes the SocketServer to not start when it cannot bind to a port because the port is in a TIME_WAIT state. The default value is true, which allows the socket server to start if the port is in a TIME_WAIT state.

Connection Configuration Options

connection-buffer-type

connection-read-buffer-size

connection-write-buffer-size

Control the threading behavior of the server in the absence of a WorkManager.

websphere-workmanager-jndi-name

max-worker-threads

(Optional) Controls the type of byte buffers that connections use to read and write from the network. Supported values include:

• heap (default) specifies to use heap-allocated ByteBuffers.

• direct specifies to use DirectByteBuffers.

Performance varies depending upon JRE and operating system.

(Optional) Default value is 8192 (8 KBytes). Size, in bytes, for the read buffer for connections.

(Optional) Default value is 8192 (8 KBytes). Size, in bytes, for the write buffer for connections.

(Optional) For IBM WebSphere deployment, the WorkManager configured and referenced as the worker thread pool for the server. A WorkManager must be referenced to support JTA, which the Data Management Service uses.

(Optional) The upper bound on the number of worker threads that the server uses to service connections. Defaults to unbounded with idle threads being reaped based upon the

timeout-millis

value. Ignored if the server is using a

WorkManager.

idle-worker-thread-

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Option Description

min-worker-threads

idle-worker-thread-timeoutmillis

worker-thread-priority

Accept or and Reactor Configuration Options

accept-backlog

accept-thread-priority

reactor-count

(Optional) A nonzero, lower bound on the number of worker threads that the server uses to service connections. Defaults to 0. If nonzero, on server start up this number of worker threads is prestarted. Ignored if the server is using a WorkManager.

(Optional) Time, in minutes, that a worker thread must be idle before it is released. Defaults to 1. Ignored if the server is using a WorkManager.

(Optional) Desired priority for the server threads. Defaults to

Thread.NORM_PRIORITY. Ignored if the server is using a

WorkManager.

(Optional) The suggested size of the accept queue for the server socket to buffer new connect requests when the server is too busy to handshake immediately. Default is the platform default value for a server socket.

(Optional) Allows the priority for accepting new connections to be adjusted either above or below the general server priority for servicing existing connections. Default is the thread priority of the worker thread pool or the WorkManager (whichever is used).

(Optional) Splits IO read/write readiness selection for all existing connections to the server out across all available processors and divides the total readiness selection set by the number of reactors to avoid having a single Selector manage the state for all connections. Default is the number of available physical processors on the machine.

TLS/SSL Configuration Options

keystore-type

keystore-file

keystore-password

keystore-password-file

keystore-password-obfuscated

(Optional) Default value is JKS. Specifies the keystore type. The supported values include:

JKS and PKCS12.

Points to the actual keystore file on the running server. The path to the file may be specified as an absolute path, as in:

<keystore-file>C:\keystore.jks</keystore-file>

Or as a relative to the WEB-APP directory using the

{context.root} token, as in:

<keystore-file>{context.root}/WEBINF/certs/keystore.jks</keystore-file>

The keystore password.

Path to a text file on external or removable media that contains the password value. Ignored if

keystore-password is specified.

(Optional) Default value is false. Set to true if an obfuscated value is stored in the configuration file and a password deobfuscator has been registered for use.

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Option Description

password-deobfuscator

algorithm

(Optional) The class name of a password deobfuscator used to handle obfuscated passwords safely at run time.

A password deobfuscator implements the flex.messaging.util.PasswordDeobfuscator interface, which contains

deobfuscate() and a destroy() method. The

a flex.messaging.util.AbstactPasswordDeobfuscator class is an abstract class that implements the deobfuscator class can extend this class, and just implement a

deobfuscate() method. The deobfuscate() method takes a

string that contains the obfuscated password and returns a containing the deobfuscated password.

For more information, see the JavaDoc for the flex.messaging.util.PasswordDeobfuscator interface and the flex.messaging.util.AbstractPasswordDeobfuscator abstract base class.

(Optional) Only configure this option when using a third-party security provider implementation. Defaults to the current default JVM algorithm. The default JVM algorithm can be controlled by setting the property.

Example usage:

ssl.KeyManagerFactory.algorithm security

destroy() method. Your

char[]

• <algorithm>Default</algorithm> - Explicitly uses the

default JVM algorithm.

• <algorithm>SunX509</algorithm> - Uses Sun algorithm;

requires the Sun secuity provider.

• <algorithm>IbmX509</algorithm> - Uses IBM algorithm;

requires the IBM security provider.

alias

protocol

Socket Configuration Options (for accepted sockets)

socket-keepalive-enabled

socket-oobinline-enabled

socket-receive-buffer-size

socket-send-buffer-size

socket-linger-seconds

socket-tcp-no-delay-enabled

socket-traffic-class

(Optional) If a keystore is used that contains more than one server certificate, use this property to define which certificate to use to authenticate the server end of SSL/TLS connections.

(Optional) Default value is TLS. The preferred protocol for secure connections.

(Optional) Enables/Disables SO_KEEPALIVE for sockets the server uses.

(Optional) Enables/Disables OOBLINE (receipt of TCP urgent data). Defaults to

(Optional) Sets the SO_RCVBUF option for sockets to this value, which is a hint for the size of the underlying network I/O buffer to use.

(Optional) Sets the SO_SNDBUF option for sockets to this value, which is a hint for the size of the underlying network I/O buffer to use.

(Optional) Enables/Disables SO_LINGER for sockets the server uses where the value indicates the linger time for a closing socket in seconds. A value of -1 disables socket linger.

(Optional) Enables/Disables TCP_NODELAY, which enables or disables the use of the Nagle algorithm by the sockets.

(Optional) Defines the traffic class for the socket.

false, which is the JVM default.

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Using cross domain policy files with the NIO server

By default, the Flash Player security sandbox only allows a SWF file to make requests back to the same domain that the SWF file originated from. You use a cross domain policy file to deal with this security restriction. If a SWF file makes a request to a domain that is different than the one from which it originated, Flash Player makes a request to the new domain for a cross domain policy file that can provide the SWF file with additional permissions to communicate with the domain.

For servlet-based endpoints, LiveCycle Data Services depends on the application server for cross domain policy file handling. For NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints, LiveCycle Data Services must depend on the NIO server for cross domain policy file handling and not the application server itself. This is because the NIO server listens for requests on a different port than the application server.

If your application makes a request to an AMF or HTTP endpoint at the http://domainA:8400/lcds/messagebroker/amfpolling and domainA is not the same domain the SWF file was downloaded from, Flash Player makes a cross domain policy file request to http://domainA:8400. To allow the application to make the request to the AMF endpoint, you must place a cross domain policy file in the root directory of your application server. For example, with a typical installation of Tomcat, this would be the TOMCAT_HOME\webapps\ROOT directory.

If your application makes a request to an NIO-based AMF or HTTP endpoint at the http://domainA:1234/nioamfpolling and domainA is not the same domain the SWF file was downloaded from, Flash Player makes a cross domain policy file request to http://domainA:1234. Since this request goes directly to the NIO server and not to the application server, you must configure the NIO server to serve the cross domain policy file. To do this, you add a cross-domain-path property to your NIO server settings in your services-config.xml file as the following example shows:

<server id="my-nio-server" class="flex.messaging.socketserver.SocketServer"> <properties> <http> <cross-domain-path>crossdomain.xml</cross-domain-path> </http> </properties> </server>

Because this setting only applies to NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints it goes in the http section of configuration settings. The NIO server expects cross domain policy files to be under the WEB-INF/flex directory of the LiveCycle Data Services web application. In the previous example, you would place a file called crossdomain.xml with your cross domain policy settings in the WEB-INF/flex directory of your LiveCycle Data Services web application.

You can also place cross domain files in subdirectories under WEB-INF/flex. This lets you have cross domain policy files for individual NIO-based endpoints. For example, if you want a cross domain policy file that only applies to your NIO-based AMF endpoint at http://domainA:1234/nioamfpolling, you would configure your application as follows:

• Use a cross-domain-path of /nioamfpolling, which causes the NIO server to search for a cross domain policy file

under /WEB-INF/flex/nioamfpolling.

• The cross domain path must match the cross domain policy request. This means that to use the cross domain policy

file under /WEB-INF/flex/nioamfpolling, the request must be made to http://domainA:1234/nioamfpolling/crossdomain.xml.

• By default, the cross domain policy request is made to the root of the application; for example,

http://domainA:1234/crossdomain.xml. To override this behavior in your application, you must use the Security.loadPolicyFile() method; in your application, before you make the request to the endpoint, you would add the following line of code.

Security.loadPolicyFile("http://domainA:1234/nioamfpolling/crossdomain.xml");

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This causes Flash Player to attempt to load a cross domain policy file with the supplied URL. In this case, the NIO server returns a cross domain policy file from the WEB-INF/flex/nioamfpolling directory and the permissions in the policy file are applied to requests to the http://domainA:1234/nioamfpolling endpoint only.

Channel and endpoint recommendations

The NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints use the same client-side channels as their servlet-based endpoint counterparts. The main advantage that NIO-based endpoints have over servlet-based endpoints is that they scale better. If a web application is not servicing general servlet requests, you can configure the servlet container to bind non-standard HTTP and HTTPS ports, leaving ports 80 and 443 free for your NIO-based endpoints. You still have access to the servlet-based endpoints if you want to use them instead.

Note: The LiveCycle Data Services installation includes an NIO load testing tool with sample test driver classes and a readme file in the install_root/resources/load-testing-tool directory. You can use this tool in a Java client application to load test LiveCycle Data Services NIO-based channels/endpoints running in a LiveCycle Data Services web application.

Use the servlet-based endpoints when you must include third-party servlet filter processing of requests and responses or when you must access data structures in the application server HttpSession. NIO -based AMF and HTTP endpoints are not part of the servlet pipeline, so, although they provide a FlexSession in the same manner that RTMP connections do, these session instances are disjoint from the J2EE HttpSession.

If you are only using remote procedure calls or using the Data Management Service without auto synchronization, you can use the AMFChannel.

Note: The HTTPChannel is the same as the AMFChannel behaviorally, but serializes data in an XML format called AMFX. This channel only exists for customers who require all data sent over the wire to be non-binary for auditing purposes. There is no other reason to use this channel instead of the AMFChannel for RPC-based applications.

The process for using real-time data push to web clients is not as simple as the RPC scenario. There are a variety of trade-offs, and benefits and disadvantages to consider. Although the answer is not simple, it is prescriptive based on the requirements of your application.

If your application uses both real-time data push as well as RPC, you do not need to use separate channels. All of the channels listed can send RPC invocations to the server. Use a single channel set, possibly containing just a single channel, for all of your RPC, messaging and data management components.

Servlet-based endpoints

Some servlet-based channel/endpoint combinations are preferred over others, depending on your application environment. Each combination is listed here in order of preference. Although servlet-based channels/endpoints are listed first, the equivalent NIO-based versions are preferred when NIO is available and acceptable in your application environment.

1. AMFChannel/Endpoint configured for long polling (no fallback needed)

The channel issues polls to the server in the same way as simple polling, but if no data is available to return immediately the server parks the poll request until data arrives for the client or the configured server wait interval elapses.

The client can be configured to issue its next poll immediately following a poll response making this channel configuration feel like real-time communication.

A reasonable server wait time would be one minute. This eliminates the majority of busy polling from clients without being so long that you’re keeping server sessions alive indefinitely or running the risk of a network component between the client and server timing out the connection.

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Benefits Disadvantages

Valid HTTP request/response pattern over standard ports that nothing in the network path will have trouble with.

The Servlet API uses blocking IO, so you must define an upper bound for the

When many messages are being pushed to the client, this configuration has the overhead of a poll round trip for every pushed message or small batch of messages queued between polls. Most applications are not pushing data so frequently for this to be a problem.

number of long poll requests parked on the server at any single instant. If your number of clients exceeds this limit, the excess clients devolve to simple polling on the default 3- second interval with no server wait. For example, if you server request handler thread pool has a size of 500, you could set the upper bound for waited polls to 250, 300, or 400 depending on the relative amount of non-poll requests you expect to service concurrently.

2. StreamingAMFChannel/Endpoint (in a channel set followed by the polling AMFChannel for fallback)

Because HTTP connections are not duplex, this channel sends a request to open an HTTP connection between the server and client, over which the server writes an infinite response of pushed messages. This channel uses a separate transient connection from the browser connection pool for each send it issues to the server. The streaming connection is used purely for messages pushed from the server down to the client. Each message is pushed as an HTTP response chunk (HTTP 1.1 Transfer-Encoding: chunked).

Benefits Disadvantages

No polling overhead associated with pushing messages to the client.

Holding onto the open request on the server and writing an infinite response is not typical HTTP behavior. HTTP proxies that buffer responses before forwarding them can effectively consume the stream. Assign the channel’s ‘connect-timeout-seconds’ property a value of 2 or 3 to detect this and trigger fallback to the next channel in your channel set.

Uses standard HTTP ports so firewalls do not interfere and all requests/responses are HTTP so packet inspecting proxies won’t drop the packets.

The Servlet API uses blocking IO so as with long polling above, you must set a

No support for HTTP 1.0 client. If the client is 1.0, the open request is faulted and the client falls back to the next channel in its channel set.

configured upper bound on the number of streaming connections you allow. Clients that exceed this limit are not able to open a streaming connection and will fall back to the next channel in their channel set.

3. AMFChannel/Endpoint with simple polling and piggybacking enabled (no fallback needed)

This configuration is the same as simple polling support but with piggybacking enabled. When the client sends a message to the server between its regularly scheduled poll requests, the channel piggybacks a poll request along with the message being sent, and the server piggybacks any pending messages for the client along with the response.

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Benefits Disadvantages

Valid HTTP request/response pattern over standard ports that nothing in the network path will have trouble with.

User experience feels more realtime than with simple polling on an interval.

Does not have thread resource constraints like long polling and streaming due to the blocking IO of the Servlet API.

Less real-time behavior than long polling or streaming. Requires client interaction with the server to receive pushed data faster than the channel's configured polling interval.

NIO-based endpoints

Some NIO-based channel/endpoint combinations are preferred over others, depending on your application environment. Each combination is listed here in order of preference.

1. RTMPChannel/Endpoint (in a channel set with fallback to NIO AMFChannel configured to long poll)

The RTMPChannel creates a single duplex socket connection to the server and gives the server the best notification of Flash Player being shut down. If the direct connect attempt fails, the player attempts a CONNECT tunnel through an HTTP proxy if one is defined by the browser, resulting in a direct, tunneled duplex socket connection to the server. In the worst case, the channel falls back to adaptive HTTP requests that tunnel RTMP data back and forth between client and server, or it fails to connect entirely.

Benefits Disadvantages

Single, stateful duplex socket that gives clean, immediate notification when a client is closed. The NIO-based AMF and HTTP channels/endpoints generally do not receive notification of a client going away until the HTTP session on the server times out. That is not optimal for a call center application where you must know whether representatives are online or not.

The Flash Player internal fallback to HTTP CONNECT to traverse an HTTP proxy if one is configured in the browser gives the same benefit as above, and is a technique that is not possible from ActionScript or JavaScript.

RTMP generally uses a non-standard port so it is often blocked by client firewalls. Network components that use stateful packet inspection might also drop RTMP packets, killing the connection. Fallback to HTTP CONNECT through a proxy or adaptive HTTP tunnel requests is difficult in deployment scenarios within a Java servlet container which generally already has the standard HTTP ports bound. This requires a non-trivial networking configuration to route these requests to the RTMPEndpoint.

By using an Edge Server in the DMZ to forward requests to a LiveCycle Data Services server in the application tier, you can avoid or work around some of these issues. For more information about the Edge Server see page 391.

“Edge Server” on

2. NIO AMFChannel/Endpoint configured for long polling (no fallback needed)

This configuration is behaviorally the same as the servlet-based AMFChannel/AMFEndpoint but uses an NIO server and minimal HTTP stack to support scaling up to thousands of connections.

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Benefits Disadvantages

The same benefits as mentioned for RTMPChannel/Endpoint, along with much better scalability and no configured upper bound on the number of parked poll requests.

Because the servlet pipeline is not used, this endpoint requires more network configuration to route requests to it on a standard HTTP port if you must concurrently service HTTP servlet requests. However, it can share the same port as any other NIO- based AMF or HTTP endpoint for the application.

3. NIO StreamingAMFChannel/Endpoint (in a channel set followed by the polling AMFChannel for fallback)

This configuration is behaviorally the same as the servlet-based StreamingAMFChannel/Endpoint but uses an NIO server and minimal HTTP stack to support scaling up to thousands of connections.

Benefits Disadvantages

The same benefits as mentioned for NIO AMFChannel/Endpoint configured for Long Polling, along with much better scalability and no configured upper bound on the number of streaming connections.

Because the servlet pipeline is not being used, this endpoint requires more network configuration to route requests to it on a standard HTTP port. It must concurrently service HTTP servlet requests. However, it can share the same port as any other NIO-based AMF or HTTP endpoint for the application.

Unlike RTMP, which provides a full duplex socket connection, this scenario requires one connection for regular HTTP requests and responses, and another connection for server-to-client updates.

4. NIO AMFChannel/Endpoint with simple polling enabled (no long polling) and piggybacking enabled (no fallback needed)

Behaviorally the same as the equivalent servlet-based configuration, but uses an NIO server and minimal HTTP stack to support scaling up to thousands of connections.

Benefits Disadvantages

Same benefits as the servlet-based piggybacking configuration. Shares the same FlexSession as other NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints

Same disadvantages as the servlet-based piggybacking configuration.

Because the servlet pipeline is not being used, this endpoint requires more network configuration to route requests to it on a standard HTTP port if you need to concurrently service HTTP servlet requests. However, it can share the same port as any other NIO-based AMF or HTTP endpoint for the application.

Using LiveCycle Data Services clients and servers behind a firewall

Because servlet-based endpoints use standard HTTP requests, communicating with clients inside firewalls usually works, as long as the client-side firewall has the necessary ports open. Using the standard HTTP port 80 and HTTPS port 443 is recommended because many firewalls block outbound traffic over non-standard ports.

When working with NIO-based endpoints, using AMF and HTTP endpoints instead of RTMP endpoints when clients are inside a firewall allows the clients to connect to the server through their client-side firewall without running into a blocked port. This method also allows packets to traverse stateful proxies that drop packets that they do not recognize, but this requires that you expose the NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints on the standard HTTP port 80 and the standard HTTPS port 443.

You can use load balancers with the NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints. You must configure the load balancer to do sticky sessions based on the session cookie that match the format of J2EE-encoded URLs but use an token. For RTMP endpoints, you should apply TCP round-robin connectivity to the load-balanced RTMP port.

AMFSessionId, or based upon the session id embedded in request URLs

AMFSessionId token rather than the J2EE jsessionid

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You must configure server-side firewalls the same way you would to allow access to servlet-based AMF and HTTP endpoints. Be aware of the following potential issues when using web servers/connectors in front of NIO-based AMF and HTTP endpoints:

• The web server/connector could buffer streamed chunks in the response, interfering with real-time streaming. This

is not an issue for polling or long-polling, where a complete HTTP response is returned whenever data is sent to the client.

• The web server/connector may not use asynchronous IO, in which case a single webserver or connector most likely

will not scale up to thousands of persistent concurrent HTTP connections.

The protocols that the various client channels use are hard coded. For example, the AMFChannel always uses HTTP, while the SecureAMFChannel always uses HTTPS. One thing to watch for when using a SecureAMFChannel/SecureAMFEndpoint combination is an issue with Internet Explorer related to no-cache response headers and HTTPS. By default, no-cache response headers are enabled on HTTP-based endpoints. This causes problems for Internet Explorer browsers. You can suppress these response headers by adding the following configuration property to your endpoint:

<add-no-cache-headers>false</add-no-cache-headers>

When you have a firewall/reverse HTTP proxy in your deployment that handles SSL for you, you must mix and match your channel and endpoint. You need the client to use a secure channel and the server to use an insecure endpoint, as the following example shows:

<channel-definition id="secure-amf" class="mx.messaging.channels.SecureAMFChannel"> <endpoint url="https://<<firewall ip:port>>/{context.root}/messagebroker/amf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.AMFEndpoint"/> <properties> <add-no-cache-headers>false</add-no-cache-headers> ...

The channel class uses HTTPS to hit the firewall/proxy, and the endpoint URL must point at the firewall/proxy. Because SSL is handled in the middle, you want the endpoint class used by LiveCycle Data Services to be the insecure AMFEndpoint and your firewall/proxy must hand back requests to the HTTP port of the LiveCycle Data Services server, not the HTTPS port.

Testing channel and endpoint performance under load

Use the LiveCycle Data Services load testing tool in a Java client application to load test LiveCycle Data Services NIOand servlet-based channels/endpoints running in a LiveCycle Data Services web application.

The LiveCycle Data Services installation includes the load testing tool with sample test driver classes and a readme file in the install_root/resources/load-testing-tool directory.

Managing session data

Instances of the FlexClient, MessageClient, and FlexSession classes on the LiveCycle Data Services server represent a Flex application and its connections to the server. You can use these objects to manage synchronization between a Flex application and the server.

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FlexClient, MessageClient, and FlexSession objects

The FlexClient object

Every Flex application, written in MXML or ActionScript, is eventually compiled into a SWF file. When the SWF file connects to the LiveCycle Data Services server, a flex.messaging.client.FlexClient object is created to represent that SWF file on the server. SWF files and FlexClient instances have a one-to-one mapping. In this mapping, every FlexClient instance has a unique identifier named ActionScript singleton class, mx.messaging.FlexClient, is also created for the Flex application to access its unique FlexClient

id.

The MessageClient object

If a Flex application contains a Consumer component (flex.messaging.Consumer), the server creates a corresponding flex.messaging.MessageClient instance that represents the subscription state of the Consumer component. Every MessageClient has a unique identifier named generate the before calling the

clientId value, but the Flex application can also set the value in the Consumer.clientId property

Consumer.subscribe() method.

The FlexSession object

A FlexSession object represents the connection between the Flex application and the LiveCycle Data Services server. Its life cycle depends on the underlying protocol, which is determined by the channels and endpoints used on the client and server, respectively.

id, which the LiveCycle Data Services server generates. An

clientId. The LiveCycle Data Services server can automatically

If you use an RTMP channel in the Flex application, the FlexSession on the LiveCycle Data Services server is scoped to the underlying RTMP connection from the single SWF file. The server is immediately notified when the underlying SWF file is disconnected because RTMP provides a duplex socket connection between the SWF file and the LiveCycle Data Services server. RTMP connections are created for individual SWF files, so when the connection is closed, the associated FlexSession is invalidated.

If an HTTP-based channel, such as AMFChannel or HTTPChannel, is used in the Flex application, the FlexSession on the LiveCycle Data Services server is scoped to the browser and wraps an HTTP session. If the HTTP-based channel connects to a servlet-based endpoint, the underlying HTTP session is a J2EE HttpSession object. If the channel connects to an NIO-based endpoint, the underlying HTTP session supports the FlexSession API, but it is disjointed from the application server HttpSession object.

The relationship between FlexClient, MessageClient, and FlexSession classes

A FlexClient object can have one or more FlexSession instances associated with it depending on the channels that the Flex application uses. For example, if the Flex application uses one HTTPChannel, one FlexSession represents the HTTP session created for that HTTPChannel on the LiveCycle Data Services server. If the Flex application uses an HTTPChannel and an RTMPChannel, two FlexSessions are created; one represents the HTTP session and the other represents the RTMP session.

A FlexSession can also have one or more FlexClients associated with it. For example, when a SWF file that uses an HTTPChannel is opened in two tabs, two FlexClient instances are created in the LCDS server (one for each SWF file), but there is only one FlexSession because two tabs share the same underlying HTTP session.

In terms of hierarchy, FlexClient and FlexSession are peers whereas there is a parent-child relationship between FlexClient/FlexSession and MessageClient. A MessageClient is created for every Consumer component in the Flex application. A Consumer must be contained in a single SWF file and it must subscribe over a single channel. Therefore, each MessageClient is associated with exactly one FlexClient and one FlexSession.

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If either the FlexClient or the FlexSession is invalidated on the server, it invalidates the MessageClient. This behavior matches the behavior on the client. If you close the SWF file, the client subscription state is invalidated. If you disconnect the channel or it loses connectivity, the Consumer component is unsubscribed.

Event listeners for FlexClient, MessageClient, and FlexSession

The LiveCycle Data Services server provides the following set of event listener interfaces that allow you to execute custom business logic as FlexClient, FlexSession, and MessageClient instances are created and destroyed and as their state changes:

Event listener Description

FlexClientListener FlexClientListener supports listening for life cycle events

FlexClientAttributeListener FlexClientAttributeListener supports notification when

FlexClientBindingListener FlexClientBindingListener supports notification when

FlexSessionListener FlexSessionListener supports listening for life cycle

FlexSessionAttributeListener FlexSessionAttributeListener supports notification when

FlexSessionBindingListener FlexSessionBindingListener supports notification when

MessageClientListener MessageClientListener supports listening for life cycle

for FlexClient instances.

attributes are added, replaced, or removed from FlexClient instances.

the implementing class is bound or unbound as an attribute to a FlexClient instance.

events for FlexSession instances.

attributes are added, replaced, or removed from FlexSession instances.

the implementing class is bound or unbound as an attribute to a FlexSession instance.

events for MessageClient instances representing Consumer subscriptions.

For more information about these classes, see the Javadoc API documentation.

Log categories for FlexClient, MessageClient, and FlexSession classes

The following server-side log filter categories can be used to track creation, destruction, and other relevant information for FlexClient, MessageClient, and FlexSession:

• Client.FlexClient

• Client.MessageClient

• Endpoint.FlexSession

Using the FlexContext class with FlexSession and FlexClient attributes

The flex.messaging.FlexContext class is a utility class that exposes the current execution context on the LiveCycle Data Services server. It provides access to FlexSession and FlexClient instances associated with the current message being processed. It also provides global context by accessing MessageBroker, ServletContext, and ServletConfig instances.

The following example shows a Java class that calls FlexContext.getHttpRequest() to get an HTTPServletRequest object and calls makes it accessible to a Flex client application. Place the compiled class in the WEB_INF/classes directory or your LiveCycle Data Services web application.

FlexContext.getFlexSession() to get a FlexSession object. Exposing this class as a remote object

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package myROPackage;

import flex.messaging.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*;

public class SessionRO {

public HttpServletRequest request; public FlexSession session;

public SessionRO() { request = FlexContext.getHttpRequest(); session = FlexContext.getFlexSession(); }

public String getSessionId() throws Exception { String s = new String(); s = (String) session.getId(); return s; }

public String getHeader(String h) throws Exception { String s = new String(); s = (String) request.getHeader(h); return h + "=" + s; } }

The following example shows a Remoting Service destination definition that exposes the SessionRO class as a remote object. You add this destination definition to your Remoting Service configuration file.

... <destination id="myRODestination"> <properties> <source>myROPackage.SessionRO</source> </properties> </destination> ...

The following example shows an ActionScript snippet for calling the remote object from a Flex client application. You place this code inside a method declaration.

... ro = new RemoteObject(); ro.destination = "myRODestination"; ro.getSessionId.addEventListener("result", getSessionIdResultHandler); ro.getSessionId(); ...

When you use an RTMP channel/endpoint, you can call the getClientInfo() method of the FlexSession instance to get the IP address of the remote RTMP client and determine if the connection is an SSL connection, as the

getClientIp() method in the following example shows. You must cast the FlexSession instance to its

RTMPFlexSession subclass.

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package features.remoting; import features.dataservice.paging.Employee; import flex.messaging.FlexContext; import flex.messaging.FlexSession; import flex.messaging.MessageBroker; import flex.messaging.endpoints.rtmp.ClientInfo; import flex.messaging.endpoints.rtmp.RTMPFlexSession; import flex.messaging.messages.AsyncMessage; import flex.messaging.util.UUIDUtils; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; public class EchoService { public String getClientIp() { FlexSession session = FlexContext.getFlexSession(); if (session instanceof RTMPFlexSession) { ClientInfo clientInfo = ((RTMPFlexSession)session).getClientInfo(); return "Client ip: " + clientInfo.getIp() + " isSecure? " + clientInfo.isSecure(); } return null; } }

For more information about FlexContext, see the Javadoc API documentation.

Session life cycle

If you use an RTMP channel in the Flex application, the server is immediately notified when the SWF file is disconnected because RTMP provides a duplex socket connection between the SWF file and the LiveCycle Data Services server. RTMP channels connect to individual SWF files, so when the connection is closed, the associated FlexSession is invalidated. This is not the case with HTTP-based channels because HTTP is a stateless protocol. However, you can use certain techniques in your code to disconnect from HTTP-based channels and invalidate HTTP sessions.

Disconnecting from an HTTP-based channel

Because HTTP is a stateless protocol, when a SWF file is disconnected, notification on the server depends on when the HTTP session times out on the server. When you want a Flex application to notify the LiveCycle Data Services server that it is closing, you call the

In your Flex application, expose a function for JavaScript to call, as the following example shows:

disconnectAll() method on the ChannelSet from JavaScript.

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<mx:Application creationComplete="init();"> ... <mx:Script> <![CDATA[ import flash.external.ExternalInterface; private function init():void { if (ExternalInterface.available) { ExternalInterface.addCallback("disconnectAll", disconnectAll); } }

// This function will be called by JavaScript private function disconnectAll():void { // Here you get channelSet of your component and call disconnectAll. // For example: producer.channelSet.disconnectAll(); } ... </mx:Script> </mx:Application>

Next, in the body element of the HTML file that wraps your SWF file, you specify an onunload() function, as the following example shows:

Finally, you define the JavaScript disconnectAll() function that calls the ActionScript disconnectAll() method, as the following example shows:

function disconnectAll() { var answer = confirm("Disconnect All?") if (answer) { // Here you'll need to provide the id of your Flex swf document.getElementById("yourFlexSwfId").disconnectAll();

// And it is important that you have some alert or confirm // here to make sure disconnectAll is called before the // browser window is closed. alert("Disconnected!") } } </script>

Invalidating an HTTP session

Another complication with using the HTTP protocol is that multiple SWF files share the same HTTP session. When one SWF file disconnects, LiveCycle Data Services cannot invalidate the HTTP session. In this scenario, the default behavior on the server is to leave the current session in place for other applications or pages that are using the HTTP session. However, you can use the optional channel definition in the services-config.xml file to invalidate the session, as the following example shows:

invalidate-session-on-disconnect configuration property in a

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<channel-definition id="my-amf" class="mx.messaging.channels.AMFChannel"> <endpoint url="http://servername:port/contextroot/messagebroker/amf" class="flex.messaging.endpoints.AMFEndpoint"/> <properties> <invalidate-session-on-disconnect>true</invalidate-session-on-disconnect> </properties> </channel>

Data serialization

LiveCycle Data Services and Flex provide functionality for serializing data to and from ActionScript objects on the client and Java objects on the server, as well as serializing to and from ActionScript objects on the client and SOAP and XML schema types. Basic types are automatically serialized and deserialized. When working with the Data Management Service or Remoting Service, you can explicitly map custom ActionScript types to custom Java types.

Serialization between ActionScript and Java

LiveCycle Data Services and Flex let you serialize data between ActionScript (AMF 3) and Java in both directions.

Data conversion from ActionScript to Java

When method parameters send data from a Flex application to a Java object, the data is automatically converted from an ActionScript data type to a Java data type. When LiveCycle Data Services searches for a suitable method on the Java object, it uses further, more lenient conversions to find a match.

Simple data types on the client, such as Boolean and String values, typically exactly match a remote API. However, Flex attempts some simple conversions when searching for a suitable method on a Java object.

An ActionScript Array can index entries in two ways. A strict Array is one in which all indices are Numbers. An associative Array is one in which at least one index is based on a String. It is important to know which type of Array you are sending to the server, because it changes the data type of parameters that are used to invoke a method on a Java object. A dense Array is one in which all numeric indices are consecutive, with no gap, starting from 0 (zero). A sparse Array is one in which there are gaps between the numeric indices; the Array is treated like an object and the numeric indices become properties that are deserialized into a java.util.Map object to avoid sending many null entries.

The following table lists the supported ActionScript (AMF 3) to Java conversions for simple data types:

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ActionScript type (AMF 3) Deserialization to Java Supported Java type binding

Array (dense) java.util.List java.util.Collection, Object[ ] (native array)

If the type is an interface, it is mapped to the following interface implementations

• List becomes ArrayList

• SortedSet becomes TreeSet

• Set becomes HashSet

• Collection becomes ArrayList

A new instance of a custom Collection implementation is bound to that type.

Array (sparse) java.util.Map java.util.Map

Boolean

String of "true" or

"false"

flash.utils.ByteArray byte []

flash.utils.IExternalizable java.io.Externalizable

Date java.util.Date

int/uint java.lang.Integer java.lang.Double, java.lang.Long, java.lang.Float,

null null primitives

Number java.lang.Double java.lang.Double, java.lang.Long, java.lang.Float,

Object (generic) java.util.Map If a Map interface is specified, creates a new

String java.lang.String java.lang.String, java.lang.Boolean, java.lang.Number,

java.lang.Boolean Boolean, boolean, String

java.util.Date, java.util.Calendar, java.sql.Timestamp,

(formatted for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC))

java.sql.Time, java.sql.Date

java.lang.Integer, java.lang.Short, java.lang.Byte, java.math.BigDecimal, java.math.BigInteger, String, primitive types of double, long, float, int, short, byte

java.lang.Integer, java.lang.Short, java.lang.Byte, java.math.BigDecimal, java.math.BigInteger, String, 0 (zero) if null is sent, primitive types of double, long, float, int, short, byte

java.util.HashMap for java.util.Map and a new java.util.TreeMap for java.util.SortedMap.

java.math.BigInteger, java.math.BigDecimal, char[], enum, any primitive number type

typed Object typed Object

when you use

[RemoteClass]

metadata tag that specifies remote class name. Bean type must have a public no args constructor.

typed Object

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ActionScript type (AMF 3) Deserialization to Java Supported Java type binding

undefined null null for Object, default values for primitives

XML org.w3c.dom.Document org.w3c.dom.Document

XMLDocument

(legacy XML type)

org.w3c.dom.Document org.w3c.dom.Document

You can enable legacy XML support for the XMLDocument type on any channel defined in the services-config.xml file. This setting is only important for sending data from the server back to the client; it controls how org.w3c.dom.Document instances are sent to ActionScript. For more information, see

serialization on a channel” on page 84.

“Configuring AMF

Primitive values cannot be set to null in Java. When passing Boolean and Number values from the client to a Java object, Flex interprets null values as the default values for primitive types; for example, 0 for double, float, long, int, short, byte, \u0000 for char, and

false for boolean. Only primitive Java types get default values.

LiveCycle Data Services handles java.lang.Throwable objects like any other typed object. They are processed with rules that look for public fields and bean properties, and typed objects are returned to the client. The rules are like normal bean rules except they look for getters for read-only properties. This lets you get more information from a Java exception. If you require legacy behavior for Throwable objects, you can set the on a channel; for more information, see

“Configuring AMF serialization on a channel” on page 84.

legacy-throwable property to true

You can pass strict Arrays as parameters to methods that expect an implementation of the java.util.Collection or native Java Array APIs.

A Java Collection can contain any number of Object types, whereas a Java Array requires that entries are the same type (for example, java.lang.Object[ ], and int[ ]).

LiveCycle Data Services also converts ActionScript strict Arrays to appropriate implementations for common Collection API interfaces. For example, if an ActionScript strict Array is sent to the Java object method

addProducts(java.util.Set products), LiveCycle Data Services converts it to a java.util.HashSet instance before

public void

passing it as a parameter, because HashSet is a suitable implementation of the java.util.Set interface. Similarly, LiveCycle Data Services passes an instance of java.util.TreeSet to parameters typed with the java.util.SortedSet interface.

LiveCycle Data Services passes an instance of java.util.ArrayList to parameters typed with the java.util.List interface and any other interface that extends java.util.Collection. Then these types are sent back to the client as mx.collections.ArrayCollection instances. If you require normal ActionScript Arrays sent back to the client, you must

legacy-collection element to true in the serialization section of a channel-definition's properties; for

set the more information, see

“Configuring AMF serialization on a channel” on page 84.

Explicitly mapping ActionScript and Java objects

For Java objects that LiveCycle Data Services does not handle implicitly, LiveCycle Data Services uses value objects, also known as transfer objects, to send data between client and server. For Java objects on the server side, values found in public bean properties with get/set methods and public variables are sent to the client as properties on an Object. Private properties, constants, static properties, and read-only properties are not serialized. For ActionScript objects on the client side, public properties defined with the get/set accessors and public variables are sent to the server.

LiveCycle Data Services uses the standard Java class, java.beans.Introspector, to get property descriptors for a Java bean class. It also uses reflection to gather public fields on a class. It uses bean properties in preference to fields. The Java and ActionScript property names should match. Native Flash Player code determines how ActionScript classes are introspected on the client.

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In the ActionScript class, you use the [RemoteClass(alias=" ")] metadata tag to create an ActionScript object that maps directly to the Java object. The ActionScript class to which data is converted must be used or referenced in the MXML file for it to be linked into the SWF file and available at run time. A good way to do this is by casting the result object, as the following example shows:

var result:MyClass = MyClass(event.result);

The class itself should use strongly typed references so that its dependencies are also linked.

The following example shows the source code for an ActionScript class that uses the [RemoteClass(alias=" ")] metadata tag:

package samples.contact { [Bindable] [RemoteClass(alias="samples.contact.Contact")] public class Contact { public var contactId:int;

public var firstName:String;

public var lastName:String;

public var address:String;

public var city:String;

public var state:String;

public var zip:String; } }

You can use the [RemoteClass] metadata tag without an alias if you do not map to a Java object on the server, but you do send back your object type from the server. Your ActionScript object is serialized to a special Map object when it is sent to the server, but the object returned from the server to the clients is your original ActionScript type.

To restrict a specific property from being sent to the server from an ActionScript class, use the [Transient] metadata tag above the declaration of that property in the ActionScript class.

Data conversion from Java to ActionScript

An object returned from a Java method is converted from Java to ActionScript. LiveCycle Data Services also handles objects found within objects. LiveCycle Data Services implicitly handles the Java data types in the following table.

Java type ActionScript type (AMF 3)

enum (JDK 1.5) String

java.lang.String String

java.lang.Boolean, boolean Boolean

java.lang.Integer, int int

If value < 0xF0000000 || value > 0x0FFFFFFF, the value is promoted to Number due to AMF encoding requirements.

java.lang.Short, short int

If i < 0xF0000000 || i > 0x0FFFFFFF, the value is promoted to Number.

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Java type ActionScript type (AMF 3)

java.lang.Byte, byte[] int

If i < 0xF0000000 || i > 0x0FFFFFFF, the value is promoted to Number.

java.lang.Byte[] flash.utils.ByteArray

java.lang.Double, double Number

java.lang.Long, long Number

java.lang.Float, float Number

java.lang.Character, char String

java.lang.Character[], char[] String

java. math.BigInteger String

java.math.BigDecimal String

java.util.Calendar Date

Dates are sent in the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time zone. Clients and servers must adjust time accordingly for time zones.

java.util.Date Date

Dates are sent in the UTC time zone. Clients and servers must adjust time accordingly for time zones.

java.util.Collection (for example, java.util.ArrayList)

java.lang.Object[] Array

java.util.Map Object (untyped). For example, a java.util.Map[] is converted to an Array (of

java.util.Dictionary Object (untyped)

org.w3c.dom.Document XML object

null null

java.lang.Object (other than previously listed types)

mx.collections.ArrayCollection

Objects).

Typed Object

Objects are serialized using Java bean introspection rules and also include public fields. Fields that are static, transient, or nonpublic, as well as bean properties that are nonpublic or static, are excluded.

Note: You can enable legacy XML support for the flash.xml.XMLDocument type on any channel that is defined in the services-config.xml file. In Flex 1.5, java.util.Map was sent as an associative or ECMA Array. This is no longer a recommended practice. You can enable legacy Map support to associative Arrays, but Adobe recommends against doing this.

The following table contains type mappings between types that are specific to Apache Axis and ActionScript types for RPC-encoded web services:

Apache Axis type ActionScript type

Map Object

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Apache Axis type ActionScript type

RowSet Can only receive RowSets; can’t send them.

Document Can only receive Documents; can’t send them.

Element flash.xml.XMLNode

Configuring AMF serialization on a channel

You can support legacy AMF type serialization used in earlier versions of Flex and configure other serialization properties in channel definitions in the services-config.xml file.

The following table describes the properties that you can set in the <serialization> element of a channel definition:

Property Description

enable-small-messages

ignore-property-errors

include-read-only Default value is false. Determines if read-only properties should be

log-property-errors

legacy-collection

legacy-map

legacy-xml

legacy-throwable

Default value is true. If enabled, messages are sent using an alternative smaller form if one is available and the endpoint supports it. When you set the value of this property to messageId, timestamp, correlationId, and destination, which can be useful for debugging. When you disable small messages, enable debug logging to include messages in server logs. For information, see on page 25.

Default value is true. Determines if the endpoint should throw an error when an incoming client object has unexpected properties that cannot be set on the server object.

serialized back to the client.

Default value is false. When true, unexpected property errors are logged.

Default value is false. When true, instances of java.util.Collection are returned to the client as ActionScript Array objects instead of mx.collections.ArrayCollection objects. When deserialization, instances of ActionScript Array objects are deserialized into Java List objects instead of Java Object arrays.

Default value is false. When true, java.util.Map instances are serialized as an ECMA Array or associative array instead of an anonymous Object.

Default value is false. When true, org.w3c.dom.Document instances are serialized as flash.xml.XMLDocument instances instead of intrinsic XML (E4X capable) instances.

Default value is false. When true, java.lang.Throwable instances are serialized as AMF status-info objects (instead of normal bean serialization, including read-only properties).

false, messages include headers including

“Server-side logging”

true, during client to server

legacy-externalizable

Default value is false. When true, java.io.Externalizable types (that extend standard Java classes like Date, Number, String) are not serialized as custom objects (for example, MyDate is serialized as Date instead of MyDate). Note that this setting overwrites any other legacy settings. For example, if

legacy-collection is true but the collection implements

java.io.Externalizable, the collection is returned as custom object without taking the

legacy-collection value into account.

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Property Description

type-marshaller

restore-references

instantiate-types

Specifies an implementation of flex.messaging.io.TypeMarshaller that translates an object into an instance of a desired class. Used when invoking a Java method or populating a Java instance and the type of the input object from deserialization (for example, an ActionScript anonymous Object is always deserialized as a java.util.HashMap) doesn't match the destination API (for example, java.util.SortedMap). Thus, the type can be marshalled into the desired type.

The flex.messaging.io.amf.translator.ASTranslator class is an implementation of TypeMarshaller that you can use as an example for your own TypeMarshaller implementations.

Default value is false. An advanced switch to make the deserializer keep track of object references when a type translation has to be made; for example, when an anonymous Object is sent for a property of type java.util.SortedMap, the Object is first deserialized to a java.util.Map as normal, and then translated to a suitable implementation of SortedMap (such as java.util.TreeMap). If other objects pointed to the same anonymous Object in an object graph, this setting restores those references instead of creating SortedMap implementations everywhere. Notice that setting this property to amounts of data.

Default value is true. Advanced switch that when set to false stops the deserializer from creating instances of strongly typed objects and instead retains the type information and deserializes the raw properties in a Map implementation, specifically flex.messaging.io.ASObject. Notice that any classes under flex.* package are always instantiated.

true can slow down performance significantly for large

Using custom serialization between ActionScript and Java

If the standard mechanisms for serializing and deserializing data between ActionScript on the client and Java on the server do not meet your needs, you can write your own serialization scheme. You implement the ActionScript-based flash.utils.IExternalizable interface on the client and the corresponding Java-based java.io.Externalizable interface on the server.

A typical reason to use custom serialization is to avoid passing all of the properties of either the client-side or serverside representation of an object across the network tier. When you implement custom serialization, you can code your classes so that specific properties that are client-only or server-only are not passed over the wire. When you use the standard serialization scheme, all public properties are passed back and forth between the client and the server.

On the client side, the identity of a class that implements the flash.utils.IExternalizable interface is written in the serialization stream. The class serializes and reconstructs the state of its instances. The class implements the

writeExternal() and readExternal() methods of the IExternalizable interface to get control over the contents and

format of the serialization stream, but not the class name or type, for an object and its supertypes. These methods supersede the native AMF serialization behavior. These methods must be symmetrical with their remote counterpart to save the state of the class.

On the server side, a Java class that implements the java.io.Externalizable interface performs functionality that is analogous to an ActionScript class that implements the flash.utils.IExternalizable interface.

Note: You should not use types that implement the IExternalizable interface with the HTTPChannel if precise byreference serialization is required. When you do this, references between recurring objects are lost and appear to be cloned at the endpoint.

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Client-side Product class

The following example shows the complete source code for the client (ActionScript) version of a Product class that maps to a Java-based Product class on the server. The client Product class implements the IExternalizable interface and the server Product class implements the Externalizable interface.

// Product.as package samples.externalizable {

import flash.utils.IExternalizable; import flash.utils.IDataInput; import flash.utils.IDataOutput;

[RemoteClass(alias="samples.externalizable.Product")] public class Product implements IExternalizable { public function Product(name:String=null) { this.name = name; }

public var id:int; public var name:String; public var properties:Object; public var price:Number;

public function readExternal(input:IDataInput):void { name = input.readObject() as String; properties = input.readObject(); price = input.readFloat(); }

public function writeExternal(output:IDataOutput):void { output.writeObject(name); output.writeObject(properties); output.writeFloat(price); } } }

The client Product class uses two kinds of serialization. It uses the standard serialization that is compatible with the java.io.Externalizable interface and AMF 3 serialization. The following example shows the

writeExternal() method

of the client Product class, which uses both types of serialization:

public function writeExternal(output:IDataOutput):void { output.writeObject(name); output.writeObject(properties); output.writeFloat(price); }

As the following example shows, the writeExternal() method of the server Product class is almost identical to the client version of this method:

public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException { out.writeObject(name); out.writeObject(properties); out.writeFloat(price); }

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In the writeExternal() method of the client Product class, the flash.utils.IDataOutput.writeFloat() method is an example of standard serialization methods that meet the specifications for the Java

java.io.DataInput.readFloat() methods for working with primitive types. This method sends the price

property, which is a Float, to the server Product.

The examples of AMF 3 serialization in the writeExternal() method of the client Product class is the call to the

flash.utils.IDataOutput.writeObject() method, which maps to the java.io.ObjectInput.readObject()

method call in the server Product class method sends the

properties property, which is an Object, and the name property, which is a String, to the server

readExternal() method. The flash.utils.IDataOutput.writeObject()

Product. This is possible because the AMFChannel endpoint has an implementation of the java.io.ObjectInput interface that expects data sent from the

writeObject() method to be formatted as AMF 3.

In turn, when the readObject() method is called in the server Product's readExternal() method, it uses AMF 3 deserialization; this is why the ActionScript version of the

properties value is assumed to be of type Map and name

is assumed to be of type String.

Server-side Product class

The following example shows the complete source code of the server Product class:

// Product.java package samples.externalizable;

import java.io.Externalizable; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.ObjectInput; import java.io.ObjectOutput; import java.util.Map;

/** * This Externalizable class requires that clients sending and * receiving instances of this type adhere to the data format * required for serialization. */ public class Product implements Externalizable { private String inventoryId; public String name; public Map properties; public float price;

public Product() { }

/** * Local identity used to track third party inventory. This property is * not sent to the client because it is server-specific. * The identity must start with an 'X'. */ public String getInventoryId() { return inventoryId; }

public void setInventoryId(String inventoryId) { if (inventoryId != null && inventoryId.startsWith("X")) {

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this.inventoryId = inventoryId; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("3rd party product inventory identities must start with 'X'"); } }

/** * Deserializes the client state of an instance of ThirdPartyProxy * by reading in String for the name, a Map of properties * for the description, and * a floating point integer (single precision) for the price. */ public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { // Read in the server properties from the client representation. name = (String)in.readObject(); properties = (Map)in.readObject(); price = in.readFloat(); setInventoryId(lookupInventoryId(name, price)); } /** * Serializes the server state of an instance of ThirdPartyProxy * by sending a String for the name, a Map of properties * String for the description, and a floating point * integer (single precision) for the price. Notice that the inventory * identifier is not sent to external clients. */ public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException { // Write out the client properties from the server representation out.writeObject(name); out.writeObject(properties); out.writeFloat(price); }

private static String lookupInventoryId(String name, float price) { String inventoryId = "X" + name + Math.rint(price); return inventoryId; } }

The following example shows the readExternal() method of the server Product class:

public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { // Read in the server properties from the client representation. name = (String)in.readObject(); properties = (Map)in.readObject(); price = in.readFloat(); setInventoryId(lookupInventoryId(name, price)); }

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The writeExternal() method of the client Product class does not send the id property to the server during serialization because it is not useful to the server version of the Product object. Similarly, the method of the server Product class does not send the

inventoryId property to the client because it is a server-specific

writeExternal()

property.

Notice that the names of a Product properties are not sent during serialization in either direction. Because the state of the class is fixed and manageable, the properties are sent in a well-defined order without their names, and the

readExternal() method reads them in the appropriate order.

Remote object class

The following example shows the source code of the Java class, ProductRegistry, which is called with the RemoteObject component on the client:

package example.externalizable; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * A simple registry to manage instances of Product for an example of the * Externalizable API for custom serialization. */ public class ProductRegistry { public ProductRegistry() { registry = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap()); Product p = new Product(); p.name = "Example Widget"; p.description = "The right widget for any problem."; p.price = 350; registerProduct(p); p = new Product(); p.name = "Example Gift"; p.description = "The perfect gift for any occasion."; p.price = 225; registerProduct(p); } public void registerProduct(Product product) { registry.put(product.getId(), product); } public Collection getProducts() { return registry.values(); } private Map registry; }

Destination configuration

The following XML snippet shows the ProductRegistry destination in the remoting-config.xml file:

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<destination id="ProductRegistry"> <properties> <source>example.externalizable.ProductRegistry</source> <scope>application</scope> </properties> </destination>

MXML application code

The following example shows the MXML application that calls the ProductRegistry destination on the server:

<?xml version="1.0"?> <mx:Application xmlns:mx="http://www.adobe.com/2006/mxml"> <mx:Script> <![CDATA[ import mx.collections.ArrayCollection; import mx.controls.Alert; import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent; import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent; import example.externalizable.Product; [Bindable] public var products:ArrayCollection

// Create a compile time dependency on Product class. private static var dep:Product; public function resultHandler(event:ResultEvent):void { products = event.result as ArrayCollection; } public function faultHandler(event:FaultEvent):void { Alert.show("Fault", event.fault.toString()); } ]]> </mx:Script> <mx:RemoteObject id="remoteObject" destination="ProductRegistry" fault="faultHandler(event)" result="resultHandler(event)" /> <mx:Panel title="Externalizable Example" height="400" width="600" paddingTop="10" paddingLeft="10" paddingRight="10">

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<mx:DataGrid id="grid" width="100%" rowCount="5" dataProvider="{products}"> <mx:columns> <mx:DataGridColumn dataField="name" headerText="Name"/> <mx:DataGridColumn dataField="price" headerText="Price"/> </mx:columns> </mx:DataGrid> <mx:Form width="100%"> <mx:FormItem label="Name"> <mx:Label text="{grid.selectedItem.name}"/> </mx:FormItem> <mx:FormItem label="Price"> <mx:Label text="{grid.selectedItem.price}"/> </mx:FormItem> <mx:FormItem label="Description"> <mx:TextArea text="{grid.selectedItem.description}"/> </mx:FormItem> </mx:Form> <mx:Button label="Get Products" click="remoteObject.getProducts()" /> </mx:Panel> </mx:Application>

Serialization between ActionScript and web services

Default encoding of ActionScript data

The following table shows the default encoding mappings from ActionScript 3 types to XML schema complex types.

XML schema definition Supported ActionScript 3

Top-level elements

xsd:element

nillable == true

xsd:element

fixed != null

xsd:element

default != null

Local elements

xsd:element

maxOccurs == 0

types

Object If input value is null, encoded output is set with

Object Input value is ignored and fixed value is used

Object If input value is null, this default value is used

Object Input value is ignored and omitted from encoded

Notes

xsi:nil attribute.

the

instead.

output.

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xsd:element

maxOccurs == 1

Object Input value is processed as a single entity. If the

associated type is a SOAP-encoded array, then arrays and

mx.collection.IList

implementations pass through intact and are handled as a special case by the SOAP encoder for that type.

xsd:element

maxOccurs > 1

Object Input value should be iterable (such as an array or

mx.collections.IList implementation),

although noniterable values are wrapped before processing. Individual items are encoded as separate entities according to the definition.

xsd:element

minOccurs == 0

Object If input value is undefined or null, encoded

output is omitted.

The following table shows the default encoding mappings from ActionScript 3 types to XML schema built-in types.

XML schema type Supported ActionScript 3

types

xsd:anyType

xsd:anySimpleType

Object Boolean -> xsd:boolean

Notes

ByteArray -> xsd:base64Binary

Date -> xsd:dateTime

int -> xsd:int

Number -> xsd:double

String -> xsd:string

uint -> xsd:unsignedInt

xsd:base64Binary flash.utils.ByteArray mx.utils.Base64Encoder is used (without

line wrapping).

xsd:boolean Boolean

Number

Object

xsd:byte

xsd:unsignedByte

xsd:date Date

Number

String

Number

String

Always encoded as true or false.

Number == 1 then true, otherwise false.

Object.toString() == "true" or "1" then true, otherwise false.

String first converted to Number.

Date UTC accessor methods are used.

Number used to set Date.time.

String assumed to be preformatted and encoded as is.

xsd:dateTime Date

Number

String

Date UTC accessor methods are used.

Number used to set Date.time.

String assumed to be preformatted and encoded as is.

xsd:decimal Number

String

Number.toString() is used. Note that Infinity,

-Infinity, and NaN are invalid for this type.

String first converted to Number.

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XML schema type Supported ActionScript 3

Notes

types

xsd:double Number

String

xsd:duration Object Object.toString() is called.

xsd:float Number

String

xsd:gDay Date

Number

String

xsd:gMonth Date

Number

String

xsd:gMonthDay Date

String

Limited to range of Number.

String first converted to Number.

Limited to range of Number.

String first converted to Number.

Date.getUTCDate() is used.

Number used directly for day.

String parsed as Number for day.

Date.getUTCMonth() is used.

Number used directly for month.

String parsed as Number for month.

Date.getUTCMonth() and Date.getUTCDate() are used.

String parsed for month and day portions.

xsd:gYear Date

Number

String

Date.getUTCFullYear() is used.

Number used directly for year.

String parsed as Number for year.

xsd:gYearMonth Date

String

Date.getUTCFullYear() and Date.getUTCMonth() are used.

String parsed for year and month portions.

xsd:hexBinary flash.utils.ByteArray mx.utils.HexEncoder is used.

xsd:integer

and derivatives:

xsd:negativeInteger

xsd:nonNegativeInteger

xsd:positiveInteger

xsd:nonPositiveInteger

xsd:int

xsd:unsignedInt

xsd:long

xsd:unsignedLong

xsd:short

xsd:unsignedShort

Number

String

Number

String

Number

String

Number

String

Limited to range of Number.

String first converted to Number.

Last updated 3/10/2011

USING ADOBE LIVECYCLE DATA SERVICES

System architecture

XML schema type Supported ActionScript 3

xsd:string

and derivatives:

xsd:ID

xsd:IDREF

xsd:IDREFS

xsd:ENTITY

xsd:ENTITIES xsd:language

xsd:Name

xsd:NCName

xsd:NMTOKEN

xsd:NMTOKENS

xsd:normalizedString

xsd:token

xsd:time Date

types

Object Object.toString() is invoked.

Number

String

Notes

Date UTC accessor methods are used.

Number used to set Date.time.

String assumed to be preformatted and encoded as is.

xsi:nil null If the corresponding XML schema element

definition has minOccurs > 0, a encoded by using xsi:nil; otherwise the element is omitted entirely.

null value is

The following table shows the default mapping from ActionScript 3 types to SOAP-encoded types.

SOAPENC type Supported ActionScript 3

types

soapenc:Array Array

mx.collections.IList

soapenc:base64 flash.utils.ByteArray Encoded in the same manner as xsd:base64Binary.

soapenc:* Object Any other SOAP-encoded type is processed as if it were in the

Notes

SOAP-encoded arrays are special cases and are supported only with RPC-encoded web services.

XSD namespace based on the

localName of the type's QName.

Default decoding of XML schema and SOAP to ActionScript 3

The following table shows the default decoding mappings from XML schema built-in types to ActionScript 3 types.

Last updated 3/10/2011

USING ADOBE LIVECYCLE DATA SERVICES

System architecture

XML schema type Decoded ActionScript 3

Notes

types

xsd:anyType

xsd:anySimpleType

String

Boolean

Number

If content is empty -> xsd:string.

If content cast to Number and value is NaN; or

if content starts with "0" or "-0", or

if content ends with "E":

then, if content is "true" or "false" -> xsd:boolean

otherwise -> xsd:string.

Otherwise content is a valid Number and thus ->

xsd:double.

xsd:base64Binary flash.utils.ByteArray mx.utils.Base64Decoder is used.

xsd:boolean Boolean If content is "true" or "1" then true, otherwise

xsd:date Date If no time zone information is present, local time is

false.

assumed.

xsd:dateTime Date If no time zone information is present, local time is

assumed.

xsd:decimal Number Content is created via Number(content) and is

thus limited to the range of Number.

Number.NaN, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY and Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY are not allowed.

xsd:double Number Content is created via Number(content) and is

thus limited to the range of Number.

xsd:duration String Content is returned with whitespace collapsed.

xsd:float Number Content is converted through Number(content)

and is thus limited to the range of Number.

xsd:gDay uint Content is converted through uint(content).

xsd:gMonth uint Content is converted through uint(content).

xsd:gMonthDay String Content is returned with whitespace collapsed.

xsd:gYear uint Content is converted through uint(content).

xsd:gYearMonth String Content is returned with whitespace collapsed.

xsd:hexBinary flash.utils.ByteArray mx.utils.HexDecoder is used.

Last updated 3/10/2011

USING ADOBE LIVECYCLE DATA SERVICES

System architecture

XML schema type Decoded ActionScript 3

types

xsd:integer

and derivatives:

xsd:byte

xsd:int

xsd:long

xsd:negativeInteger

xsd:nonNegativeInteger

xsd:nonPositiveInteger

xsd:positiveInteger

xsd:short

xsd:unsignedByte

xsd:unsignedInt

xsd:unsignedLong

xsd:unsignedShort

xsd:string

Number Content is decoded via parseInt().

String The raw content is simply returned as a string.

and derivatives:

xsd:ID

xsd:IDREF

xsd:IDREFS

xsd:ENTITY

xsd:ENTITIES xsd:language

xsd:Name

xsd:NCName

xsd:NMTOKEN

xsd:NMTOKENS

xsd:normalizedString

xsd:token

Notes

Number.NaN, Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY and Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY are not allowed.

xsd:time Date If no time zone information is present, local time is

assumed.

xsi:nil null

The following table shows the default decoding mappings from SOAP-encoded types to ActionScript 3 types.

Last updated 3/10/2011

ADOBE LIVECYCLE User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Chapter 1: Getting started with LiveCycle Data Services

Introducing LiveCycle Data Services

LiveCycle Data Services overview

The client-side application

The LiveCycle Data Services server

Versions of LiveCycle Data Services

LiveCycle Data Services features

LiveCycle Data Services core features

Service adapters

The message-based framework

LiveCycle Data Services summary of features

Example LiveCycle Data Services applications

Running the examples

RPC service example

Message Service example

Building and deploying LiveCycle Data Services applications

Setting up your development environment

Installation directory structure

Accessing a web application

Creating a web application

Defining the directory structure for client-side code

Defining the directory structure for server-side code

Running the LiveCycle Data Services sample applications

Building your client-side application

Before you begin

Using Flash Builder to compile client-side code

Using mxmlc to compile client-side code

Loading LiveCycle Data Services client applications as sub-applications

Building your server-side application

Creating a simple Java class to return data to the client

Creating a Java class that extends a LiveCycle Data Services class

Creating a combined Java and Flex project in Eclipse

Debugging your application

Using Flash Debug Player

Using logging to debug your application

Measuring application performance

Deploying your application

Chapter 2: System architecture

Client and server architecture

LiveCycle Data Services client architecture

Flex components

Channels and channel sets

Messages

LiveCycle Data Services server architecture

Endpoints

MessageBroker

Services and destinations

Adapters and assemblers

About configuration files

Configuration tokens

Configuration elements

Channels and endpoints

About channels and endpoints

How channels are assigned to a Flex component

Configuring channels and endpoints

Assigning channels and endpoints to a destination

Fallback and failover behavior

Choosing an endpoint

Choosing a channel

Configuring channels with servlet-based endpoints

Simple channels and endpoints

Streaming AMF and HTTP channels

Configuring channels with NIO-based endpoints

Configuring a shared socket server for NIO-based endpoints

Compatibility with previous versions of LiveCycle Data Services

Defining channels and NIO-based endpoints

Configuring the socket server

Using cross domain policy files with the NIO server

Channel and endpoint recommendations

Servlet-based endpoints

NIO-based endpoints

Using LiveCycle Data Services clients and servers behind a firewall

Testing channel and endpoint performance under load

Managing session data

FlexClient, MessageClient, and FlexSession objects