NS-P41
Table of contents
Loading...Yamaha NS-P41, NS-B40, NS-C40, NS-SW050, NS-PA41 Owner's Manual
...
(NS-B40 + NS-C40 + NS-SW050)
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SPEAKER PACKAGE
PACKAGE ENCEINTES
OWNER’S MANUAL
MODE D’EMPLOI
MANUAL DE INSTRUCCIONES
EN
FR
ES
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC
SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK).
NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER
SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
The above warning is located on the rear of the unit.
• Explanation of Graphical Symbols
The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol,
within an equilateral triangle, is intended to
alert you to the presence of uninsulated
“dangerous voltage” within the product’s
enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude
to constitute a risk of electric shock to
persons.
The exclamation point within an equilateral
triangle is intended to alert you to the presence
of important operating and maintenance
(servicing) instructions in the literature
accompanying the appliance.
IMPORTANT
Please record the serial number of this unit in the space
below.
MODEL:
Serial No.:
The serial number is located on the rear of the unit. Retain this
Owner’s Manual in a safe place for future reference.
This applies only to products distributed by YAMAHA
CORPORATION OF AMERICA.
1. Read these instructions.
2. Keep these instructions.
3. Heed all warnings.
4. Follow all instructions.
5. Do not use this apparatus near water.
6. Clean only with dry cloth.
7. Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators,
heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including
amplifiers) that produce heat.
9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or
grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades
with one wider than the other. A grounding type plug
has two blades and a third grounding prong. The wide
blade or the third prong are provided for your safety. If
the provided plug does not fit into your outlet, consult
an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet.
10. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched
particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the
point where they exit from the apparatus.
11. Only use attachments/accessories specified by the
manufacturer.
12. Use only with the cart, stand, tripod,
bracket, or table specified by the
manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus.
When a cart is used, use caution when
moving the cart/apparatus combination to
avoid injury from tip-over.
13. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when
unused for long periods of time.
14. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.
Servicing is required when the apparatus has been
damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug
is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have
fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been
exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally,
or has been dropped.
i En
Precautions
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
BEFORE USE.
BE SURE TO FOLLOW THESE
INSTRUCTIONS.
The precautions listed below are to prevent
risk of harm to the user and others, as well
as to prevent property damage, and to help
the user use this unit properly and safely.
Be sure to follow these instructions.
After reading this manual, be sure to keep it in a safe place where
it can be referenced at any time.
• Be sure to request inspections or repairs from the dealer
where you purchased the unit or from qualified Yamaha
service personnel.
• Yamaha cannot be held responsible for injury to you or
damage of the products caused by improper use or
modifications to the unit.
• This product is for ordinary homes. Do not use for
applications requiring high reliability, such as managing
lives, health care or high-value assets.
WARNING
This content indicates “risk of serious injury or
death.”
Power supply/power cord
• Do not do anything that could damage the power cord.
– Do not place it near a heater.
– Do not bend it excessively or alter it.
– Do not scratch it.
– Do not place it under a heavy object.
Using the power cord with the core of the cord exposed could
cause electric shocks or a fire.
• Do not touch the power plug or cord if there is a chance of
lightning. Failure to observe this may cause electric shocks.
• Use this unit with the power supply voltage printed on it.
Failure to connect to an appropriate AC outlet may cause a
fire, electric shocks, or malfunctions.
• Check the electric plug periodically and remove any dirt or
dust which may have accumulated on it. Failure to observe
this may cause a fire or electric shocks.
• When setting up the unit, make sure that the AC outlet you are
using is easily accessible. If some trouble or malfunction
occurs, immediately turn off the power switch and disconnect
the plug from the AC outlet. Even when the power switch is
turned off, as long as the power cord is not unplugged from
the wall AC outlet, the unit will not be disconnected from the
power source.
• If you hear thunder or suspect approaching lightning, quickly
turn off the power switch and pull the power plug from the
AC outlet. Failure to observe this may cause a fire or
malfunctions.
• If not using the unit for long periods of time, be sure to pull
the power plug from the AC outlet. Failure to observe this
may cause a fire or malfunctions.
Do not disassemble
• Do not disassemble or modify this unit. Failure to observe this
may cause a fire, electric shocks, injury, or malfunctions. If
you notice any irregularities, be sure to request an inspection
or repair from the dealer where you purchased the unit or from
qualified Yamaha service personnel.
Water warning
• Do not expose the unit to rain, use it near water or in damp or
wet conditions, or place on it any containers (such as vases,
bottles or glasses) containing liquids which might spill into
any openings or places where water may drop. A liquid such
as water getting into the unit may cause a fire, electric shocks,
or malfunctions. If any liquid such as water seeps into the
device, turn off the power immediately and unplug the power
cord from the AC outlet. Then, request an inspection from the
dealer where you purchased the unit or from qualified Yamaha
service personnel.
• Never insert or remove an electric plug with wet hands. Do
not handle this unit with wet hands. Failure to observe this
may cause electric shocks or malfunctions.
Fire warning
• Do not place any burning items or open flames near the unit,
since they may cause a fire.
Installation
• Confirm that the finished installation is safe and secure. Also,
carry out safety inspections periodically. Failure to observe
this may cause devices to fall and result in injury.
• Always fix the speaker cable to a wall or similar. If you catch
your feet or hands on the cable, the speakers may fall or
overturn, causing malfunctions or injuries.
Maintenance and care
• Do not use aerosols or spray-type chemicals that contain
combustible gas for cleaning or lubrication. The combustible
gas will remain inside the unit, which may cause explosion or
fire.
If you notice any abnormality
• If any of the following abnormalities occur, immediately turn
off the power and disconnect the power plug. If any of the
following abnormalities occur, immediately turn off any
amplifiers and receivers.
– The power cord/plug is damaged.
– An unusual smell or smoke is emitted from the unit.
– Foreign material gets into the interior of the unit.
– There is a loss of sound during use.
– There is a crack or damage in the unit.
Continued use could cause electric shocks, a fire, or
malfunctions. Immediately request an inspection or repair
from the dealer where you purchased the unit or from qualified
Yamaha service personnel.
• Be careful not to drop or apply strong impact to this unit. If
you suspect the unit may have been damaged due to dropping
or impact, immediately turn off the power and pull the power
plug from the AC outlet. Failure to observe this may cause
electric shocks, a fire, or malfunctions. Immediately request
an inspection from the dealer where you purchased the unit or
from qualified Yamaha service personnel.
English
ii En
CAUTION
This content indicates “risk of injury.”
Power supply/power cord
• Do not use an AC outlet where the power plug fits loosely
when inserted. Failure to observe this may cause a fire,
electric shocks, or burns.
• When removing the electric plug from the unit or an AC
outlet, always hold the plug itself and not the cord. Pulling by
the cord can damage it and cause electric shocks or a fire.
• Insert the power plug firmly all the way into the AC outlet.
Using the unit when it is not plugged in sufficiently can cause
dust to accumulate on the plug, causing a fire or burns.
Installation
• Do not place the unit in an unstable position where it might
accidentally drop or fall over and cause injuries.
• When installing this unit:
– Do not cover it with any cloth.
– Do not install it on a carpet or rug.
– Make sure the top surface faces up; do not install on its sides
or upside down.
– Do not use the device in a confined, poorly-ventilated
location.
Failure to observe the above may trap heat inside the unit,
causing a fire or malfunctions. Ensure that there is adequate
space around the unit: at least 20 cm (8 in) on top, 20 cm (8 in)
on the sides, and 20 cm (8 in) on the rear.
• Ensure that the top is facing upwards. Failure to observe this
may cause malfunctions or for the unit to fall and cause injury.
• Do not install the unit in places where it may come into
contact with corrosive gases or salt air or places that have
excessive smoke or steam. Doing so may result in
malfunction.
• Avoid being near the unit during a disaster, such as an
earthquake. Since the unit may turn over or fall and cause
injury, quickly move away from the unit and go to a safe
place.
• Before moving this unit, be sure to turn off the power switch
and disconnect all connection cables. Failure to observe this
may damage the cables or cause you or someone else to trip
and fall.
Hearing loss
• Do not use the unit for a long period of time at a high or
uncomfortable volume level, since this can cause permanent
hearing loss. If you experience any hearing loss or ringing in
the ears, consult a physician.
• Before connecting the unit to other devices, turn off the power
for all devices. Also, before turning the power of all devices
on or off, make sure that all volume levels are set to the
minimum. Failing to do so may result in hearing loss, electric
shock, or device damage.
Maintenance
• Remove the power plug from the AC outlet before cleaning
the unit. Failure to observe this may cause electric shocks.
Handling caution
• Do not insert your hand or fingers into the bass reflex port of
the subwoofer. Failure to observe this may cause injury.
• Do not insert foreign materials such as metal or paper into the
bass reflex port of the subwoofer. Failure to observe this may
cause a fire, electric shocks, or malfunctions. If foreign
material gets into the unit, immediately shut off the power and
pull the power plug from the AC outlet and request an
inspection from the dealer where you purchased the unit or
from qualified Yamaha service personnel.
• Do not do the following:
– stand on or sit on the equipment.
– put heavy items on top of the equipment.
– place the equipment in a stack.
– apply unreasonable force to buttons, switches, input/output
terminals, etc.
– lean against the equipment.
• Avoid pulling the connected cables to prevent injuries or
damage to the unit by causing it to fall.
• Do not operate the unit if the sound is distorting. Prolonged
use in this condition could cause overheating and result in
fire.
• When selecting an amplifier or a receiver to use with this unit,
check that the output level on the amplifier or receiver is
within this unit’s permitted input level (see page 8). If the
output power is higher than the power capacity, malfunction
or fire may occur.
Notice
Indicates points that you must observe in order to
prevent product failure, damage or malfunction and
data loss.
Power supply/power cord
• If not using the unit for a long period of time, be sure to pull
the power plug from the outlet.
Installation
• Do not use this unit in the vicinity of other electronic
equipment, such as a TV, radio, or mobile phone. Failure to
observe this may cause this unit or the TV or radio to produce
noise.
• Do not use this unit in a location that is exposed to direct
sunlight that becomes extremely hot, such as near a heater, or
extremely cold, or that is subject to excessive dust or
vibration. Failure to observe this may cause the unit’s panel to
become deformed, the internal components to malfunction, or
for operation to become unstable.
Connections
• If connecting external units, be sure to thoroughly read the
manual for each unit and connect them in accordance with the
instructions.
Failure to properly handle a unit in accordance with the
instructions could cause malfunctions.
Handling
• Do not place vinyl, plastic, or rubber products on this unit.
Failure to observe this may cause discoloration or
deformation in the panel of this unit.
• If the ambient temperature changes drastically (such as during
unit transportation or under rapid heating or cooling) and
there is a chance condensation may have formed in the unit,
leave the unit for several hours without turning on the power
until it is completely dry before use. Using the unit while
there is condensation can cause malfunctions.
iii En
Maintenance
• If the temperature or humidity changes drastically, water
droplets (condensation) may form on the unit surface. If water
droplets form, immediately wipe them off with a soft cloth. If
water droplets are left on the unit, they may be absorbed into
the wooden parts, causing deformation.
• When cleaning the unit, use a dry, soft cloth. Using chemicals
such as benzine or thinner, cleaning agents, or chemical
scrubbing cloths can cause discoloration or deformation.
Speakers
• When connecting speakers in parallel, be sure to observe the
amplifier’s specified load impedance range. (Refer to page 8.)
Failure to observe this may cause malfunctions in the
amplifier.
• Do not touch the speaker units. Failure to observe this may
damage the speaker units.
Information
About functions and data included in the
unit
• The speakers do not have a distinction between left and right.
• Air may be blown out from the bass reflex port. This is not a
malfunction. This occurs particularly often when outputting
music with heavy bass.
About content in this manual
• The illustrations and screens in this manual are for
instructional purposes only.
WAR NIN G
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK,
DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPLIANCE TO RAIN OR
MOISTURE.
VOLTAGE SELECTOR
(For China, Asia and General models)
The voltage selector switch on the rear panel of this
unit must be set to your local main voltage BEFORE
plugging this unit into the AC main supply.
Voltages are 110-120/220-240 V AC, 50/60 Hz.
CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)
(can_b_02)
This unit’s speakers use magnets. Do not place items that are
sensitive to magnetism, such as CRT-type TVs, clocks, credit
cards, floppy disks, etc., on or beside this unit.
English
iv En
Contents
Package contents................................................1
Installing the speakers.......................................1
Installing the front, center, and surround
speakers ...........................................................2
Installing the subwoofer.......................................2
Wall-mounting the speakers................................2
Connecting the speakers...................................3
Connection diagram.............................................3
Connecting the power cables ..............................4
Using the Subwoofer......................................... 5
Adjusting the subwoofer before use ...................5
ADVANCED YAMAHA ACTIVE SERVO
TECHNOLOGY II............................................... 6
TWISTED FLARE PORT ....................................... 6
Troubleshooting................................................. 7
Specifications...................................................... 8
Package contents
Speaker cable 24.5 m (80 ft.) x1
(To be cut into 5 lengths for the
front, center, and surround
speakers. Take care to prevent
injury when preparing the cables.)
Subwoofer cable
5 m (16 ft.) x1
Non-skid pads (24 pcs.) x1
(For the front, center and surround speakers.
Including 4 spare non-skid pads.)
Subwoofer
(NS-SW050) x1
Center speaker
(NS-C40) x1
Non-skid pads: When
placing the speakers on
a flat surface, affix the
included non-skid pads
to the corners of the
speaker undersides, as
shown. The pads will
prevent the speaker
from moving around.
Non-skid pad
Front and surround
speakers (NS-B40) x4
Center
Front
right
Subwoofer
Surround
left
Front
left
Surround
right
Make sure the package contains the following items.
Installing the speakers
Before you connect the speakers, place each speaker in
its respective location. Speaker positioning is very
important as it affects the overall sound quality of the
system. Place the speakers in locations that will
optimize the sound quality at your listening position.
Refer to the illustration.
The position of the subwoofer is not as critical as the
position of the other speakers because sub-bass
sounds are not very directional. Refer to “Installing the
subwoofer” on page 2 for more information.
Note
• Placing the speakers too close to a CRT-type TV
may impair the picture color or cause a buzzing
noise. In this case, move the speakers at least 20 cm
(8") away from the TV. This is not an issue with LCD
and plasma TVs.
1 En
•
Installing the speakers
Subwoofer Front speaker
AB
C
Note: Standing waves
may make it difficult to
hear bass sounds here.
Wall/wall
support
6 mm
(1/4")
Minimum
20 mm (3/4")
NS-B40
0.59 kg
(1.30 lbs.)
NS-C40
0.73 kg
(1.61 lbs.)
150 mm
(5-7/8")
Installing the front, center, and surround speakers
Front speakers: Place the two front speakers on the
left and right sides of the TV facing directly forward.
Surround speakers: Place the left and right
surround speakers behind your listening position,
facing slightly inward.
The front and surround speakers can be placed on a
flat surface or wall- mounted.
See “Wall-mounting the speakers” for more
information.
Center speaker: Place the center speaker centrally
between the front speakers, facing directly forward.
Installing the subwoofer
Place the subwoofer on the outside of either the right
or the left front speaker, as shown in A and B.
Wall-mounting the speakers
You can mount the speakers on the wall as follows.
1 Install screws into a solid wall or wall support
as shown below. Use 3.5 to 4 mm (1/8")
diameter self-tapping screws.
2 Hang each speaker by its keyhole slots onto
the protruding screws.
Note
• Make sure the shaft of the screw is seated in the
narrow part of the keyhole slot. Otherwise, the
speaker may fall.
English
The placement shown in C is also possible, however, if
the subwoofer is placed directly facing a wall and your
listening position is in the center of the room, you may
not be able to obtain enough bass sound from the
subwoofer. This is because “standing waves” are
forming between the two parallel walls and cancelling
out the bass sounds. In this case, position the
subwoofer at an angle to the wall. It may be necessary
to break up parallel wall surfaces by placing
bookshelves, etc., along them.
War nin g
• Do not mount the speakers on thin plywood or on a
wall with a soft surface material. Otherwise, the
screws may pull out of the surface and the speakers
may fall, possibly damaging the speakers or causing
personal injury.
• Do not affix the speakers to a wall using nails,
adhesives, or unstable hardware. Long-term use and
vibration may cause the speakers to fall.
• To avoid accidents resulting from tripping over l oose
speaker cables, affix the cables to the wall.
• Mount the speakers in a wall location that will be
unlikely to result in injury to an individual’s head.
2 En
Connecting the speakers
ANTENNA
FM
GND
AM
COMPONENT
VIDEO
P
R
P
B
Y
OPTICAL
(
TV
)
A
V
1
A
V
2
A
V
3
A
V
4
A
V
5
A
UDI
O
1
A
UDI
O
2
COAXIAL
(CD)
COAXIAL
OPTICAL
VIDEO
CENTER
SURROUND
HDMI 1
(
BD/DVD
)
HDMI 2 HDMI 3
HDMI 4
FRONT
COMPONENT
VIDEO
MONITOR OUT
P
R
P
B
Y
HDMI
OUT
MONITOR OUT
AV
OUT
SUBWOOFER
AUDIO
OUT
75
SPEAKERS
DOCK
To AC wall outlet
Center speaker
Subwoofer
Amplifier
Front speakers
Right Left
Surround speakers
Right Left
Note: The
exact layout of
the speaker
terminals
depends on
your amplifier.
Good No Good
10 mm (3/8")
Caution: Make sure the power cables for the subwoofer and your other AV components are disconnected from the
AC wall outlets before making any connections.
Connection diagram
SPEAKERS
SURROUND
CENTER
FRONT
■ Preparing the speaker cables
Once you’ve positioned the speakers, you’ll need to cut
the 24.5-meter (80 ft.) speaker cable to make five
cables for connecting the two front speakers, center
speaker, and the two surround speakers.
1 Cut the included speaker cable to suitable
2 Remove about 10 mm (3/8") of insulation from
3 En
SUBWOOFER
lengths for the front, center, and surround
speakers. You need five cables.
the end of each speaker cable.
3 Twist the bare wires tightly.
Note
• Make the speaker cables as short as possible. Do not
bundle or roll up excess cable.
• Twist the bare wires tightly so the individual strands
are not splayed.
• Be careful not to injure yourself while preparing the
speaker cables.
Connecting the speakers
2
33
11
Positive (+)
Negative (–)
Note: Make sure the
terminal is gripping
the bare wire, not
the insulation.
■ Operating the speaker terminals
1 Press and hold the terminal tab.
2 Insert the bare wire.
3 Release the tab so that it closes securely on the
bare wire, not the insulation.
4 Test the security of the connection by pulling
gently on the cable.
Note
• Make sure the bare wires do not touch each other, as
this could damage the speaker or the amplifier.
• If the connections are faulty, you will hear no sound
from the speakers.
■ Connecting the speakers
Connect each speaker to the appropriate speaker
terminals on your amplifier by using the cables you
prepared earlier. See the “Connection diagram” on
page 3 for reference.
Make sure you connect the speakers with the correct
polarity—positive (+) terminals to positive (+)
terminals, and negative (–) terminals to negative (–)
terminals. If you get them crossed over, the sound will
be unnatural and lack bass.
In your AV receiver’s speaker size settings, specify
small (or “S”) for all of the NS-P40 speakers.
If you’re connecting the subwoofer to a Yamaha DSP
amplifier or AV receiver, connect to its SUBWOOFER
output.
Connecting the power cables
Once you’ve completed all of the speaker and
subwoofer connections, plug the subwoofer, amplifier,
and your other AV components into suitable AC wall
outlets.
Note
• When turning on the power in your audio system,
always turn on the subwoofer last.
English
4 En
Using the Subwoofer
6
1
2
5
3
4
Front
Rear
1 Twisted Flare Port
Outputs super-bass sound.
2 VOLUME control
Adjusts the volume level. Turn the control clockwise
to increase the volume, and counterclockwise to
decrease the volume.
3 Power indicator
Lights up Green when the POWER switch is turned
ON; turns off when the POWER switch is turned
OFF.
4 INPUT (FROM AMPLIFIER) terminal
Used to connect the subwoofer with the
subwoofer terminal of the amplifier.
(Refer to “Connecting the speakers” for details.)
5 POWER switch
Press this switch to the ON position to turn on the
power to the subwoofer. Press this switch again to
set it to the OFF position to turn off the power of
the subwoofer.
6 VOLTAGE SELECTOR switch
(Asia and General models only)
If the preset setting of the switch is incorrect, set
the switch to the proper voltage (110-120/220240V) of your area.
Consult your dealer if you are unsure of the
correct setting.
War nin g
• Be sure to unplug the subwoofer before setting
the VOLTAGE SELECTOR switch correctly.
Adjusting the subwoofer before use
Before using the subwoofer, adjust the subwoofer to obtain the optimum volume balance between the subwoofer
and the front speakers by following the procedure described below.
1 Set the VOLUME control to minimum (0).
2 Turn on the power of all the other components.
3 Make sure that the POWER switch is set to the
ON position.
* The Power indicator lights up in green.
4 Play a source containing low-frequency
components and adjust the amplifier’s volume
control to the desired listening level.
5 Increase the volume gradually to adjust the
volume balance between the subwoofer and
the front speakers.
To enjoy natural bass sound, keep the
subwoofer volume at a level where it is barely
distinguishable from other speakers.
Note
• It is recommended to set the
VOLUME control about in the
middle position when using in a
multi channel home theater system.
5 En
ADVANCED YAMAHA ACTIVE SERVO TECHNOLOGY II
High-amplitude
heavy bass sound
Port
Cabinet
Advanced impedance
Converter
Active S ervo
Processing
Amplifier
(Inaudible) signals of ultra-low
amplitude
Air woofer
(Helmholtz resonator)
Signals
Bass sound
(audible sound
pressure radiated
from diaphragm)
Conventional Port
Air turbulence on both ends of the port creates noise
Air turbulence is
produced.
Turbulence is
diffused, air flow
becomes smooth.
Twis ted Flare Port
In 1988, Yamaha brought to the marketplace speaker systems utilizing YST (Yamaha Active Servo Technology) to
give powerful, high quality bass reproduction. This technique uses a direct connection between the amplifier and
speaker, allowing accurate signal transmission and precise speaker control.
As this technology uses speaker units controlled
by the negative impedance drive of the amplifier
and resonance generated between the speaker
cabinet volume and port, it creates more
resonant energy (the “air woofer” concept) than
the standard bass reflex method. This allows for
bass reproduction from much smaller cabinets
than was previously possible.
Yamaha’s newly developed Advanced YST II
adds many refinements to Yamaha Active Servo
Technology, allowing better control of the forces
driving the amplifier and speaker. From the
amplifier’s point of view, the speaker impedance
changes depending on the sound frequency.
Yamaha developed a new circuit design
combining negative-impedance and constantcurrent drives, which provides a more stable
performance and clear bass reproduction,
without any murkiness.
English
TWISTED FLARE PORT
Today’s bass reflex speakers use a Helmholtz resonator to improve
their bass reproduction.
However when reproducing bass that is in the frequency region of this
Helmholtz resonator, air moves violently in and out through the port
between the interior and exterior of the speaker, sometimes producing
noise due to the turbulent air flow at the end of the port.
The port and the cabinet resonate at a frequency that is determined by
their dimensions and shape. On the other hand, turbulence in the air
flow at the end of the port contains a broad range of frequency
components that are not present in the input signal. This noise occurs
because the broad range of frequency components includes
components that match the resonant frequencies of the port and
cabinet, causing strong resonance.
The Twisted Flare Port developed by Yamaha changes
the way in which the port widens toward its end, and
also adds a “twist” to suppress airflow turbulence at
each end of the port and thus prevent noise from
occurring.
This substantially reduces the “muddy sound” and
“wind noise” that until now have been characteristic of
bass reflex speakers, allowing bass to be reproduced
clearly.
6 En
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