Seagate ST18000NM004J, ST16000NM004J, ST14000NM004J, ST12000NM004J, ST18000NM005J User manual

X18 SAS Product Manual

512E* models	512E* models	512E* models
Standard	Self-Encrypting	SED-FIPS 140-2
ST18000NM004J	ST18000NM005J	ST18000NM007J
ST16000NM004J	ST16000NM005J	ST16000NM007J
ST14000NM004J	ST14000NM005J	ST14000NM007J
ST12000NM004J	ST12000NM005J	ST12000NM007J

* Default configuration is 512E for 512E / 4KN drives. See Section 4.1.2 to Fast Format to 4KN in seconds

100865853, Rev. C

January 2021

Document Revision History

	Revision	Date	Pages affected and Description of changes
	Rev. A	08/06/2020	Initial release.
			fc,6 & 49: Added 14TB & 12TB models
			10: Corrected 18TB LBA & Added 14TB & 12TB LBA counts
			11: Corrected 16TB densities
			12: Added 14TB & 12TB drive characteristics columns
			12: Added 14TB & 12TB format execution times
	Rev. B	12/16/2020	12: Updated Section 4.1 for 14TB & 12TB
			13: Removed 16TB SDR line
			25-27: Added 16TB, 14TB & 12TB DC power tables
			26: Corrected 14TB power table
			31-33: Added IOPs charts for 16TB, 14TB & 12TB
			37: Added 14TB & 12TB weight
	Rev. C	01/12/2020	12: Updated 12TB head count to 12.
			35: Revised Op shock to = 50g typical

© 2021 Seagate Technology LLC. All rights reserved.

Publication number: 100865853, Rev. C January 2021

Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Spiral logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC in the United States and/or other countries. Raid Rebuild and SeaTools are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC or one of its affiliated companies in the United States and/or other countries. The FIPS logo is a certification mark of NIST, which does not imply product endorsement by NIST, the U.S., or Canadian governments.All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seagate Technology LLC.

Call 877-PUB-TEK1 (877-782-8351) to request permission.

When referring to drive capacity, one gigabyte, or GB, equals one billion bytes and one terabyte, or TB, equals one trillion bytes. Your computer’s operating system may use a different standard of measurement and report a lower capacity. In addition, some of the listed capacity is used for formatting and other functions, and thus will not be available for data storage Actual quantities will vary based on various factors, including file size, file format, features and application software. Actual data rates may vary depending on operating environment and other factors. The export or re-export of hardware or software containing encryption may be regulated by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security (for more information, visit www.bis.doc.gov), and controlled for import and use outside of the U.S. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications.

Contents

Seagate® Technology Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.0 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.0 HDD and SSD Regulatory Compliance and Safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.0.1 Regulatory Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1 Reference documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.0 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.1 Standard features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3 Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.4 Media description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.5 Formatted capacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.6 Programmable drive capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3.7 Factory-installed options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.0 Performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.1 Internal drive characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.1.1 Format command execution time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.1.2 Fast Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4.1.3 General performance characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.2 Start/stop time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.3 Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.4 Cache operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 4.4.1 Caching write data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.4.2 Prefetch operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

5.0 Reliability specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5.1 Error rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.1.1 Recoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.1.2 Unrecoverable Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.1.3 Seek errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5.1.4 Interface errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

5.2 Reliability and service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.2.1 Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.2.2 Hot plugging the drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5.2.3 S.M.A.R.T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5.2.4 Thermal monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.2.5 Drive Self Test (DST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5.2.6 Product warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

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6.0 Physical/electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6.1 PowerChoice™ power management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 6.1.1 PowerChoice reporting methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.2 Power Balance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

6.3 AC power requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6.4 DC power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6.4.1 Conducted noise immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.4.2 Power sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6.4.3 Current profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6.5 Power dissipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6.6 Environmental limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.6.1 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.6.2 Humidity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.6.3 Effective altitude (sea level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 6.6.4 Shock and Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 6.6.5 Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.6.6 Air cleanliness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 6.6.7 Corrosive environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

6.7 Mechanical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

7.0 About self-encrypting drives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

7.1 Data encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.2 Controlled access. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.2.1 Admin SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.2.2 Locking SP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.2.3 Default password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

7.3 Random number generator (RNG). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.4 Drive locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7.5 Data bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.6 Cryptographic erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.7 Authenticated firmware download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.8 Power requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.9 Supported commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.10 Sanitize - CRYPTOGRAPHIC ERASE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7.11 RevertSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

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8.0 Defect and error management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

8.1 Drive internal defects/errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8.2 Drive error recovery procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 8.3 SAS system errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8.4 Deferred Auto-Reallocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8.5 Idle Read After Write. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8.6 Protection Information (PI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

8.6.1 Levels of PI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 8.6.2 Setting and determining the current Type Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 8.6.3 Identifying a Protection Information drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.0 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

9.1 Drive orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 9.2 Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 9.3 Drive mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9.4 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

10.0 Interface requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

10.1 SAS features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 10.1.1 task management functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 10.1.2 task management responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

10.2 Dual port support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 10.3 SCSI commands supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 10.3.1 Inquiry data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 10.3.2 Mode Sense data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

10.4 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10.4.1 SAS physical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 10.4.2 Physical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.4.3 Connector requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.4.4 Electrical description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.4.5 Pin descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 10.4.6 SAS transmitters and receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.4.7 Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

10.5 Signal characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.5.1 Ready LED Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 10.5.2 Differential signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

10.6 SAS-3 Specification Compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 10.7 Additional information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

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Seagate® Technology Support Services

For Seagate Product Support, visit: www.seagate.com/support

For Seagate Compliance, Safety, and Disposal, visit: www.seagate.com/support

For Firmware Download and Tools Download for Secure Erase, visit: www.seagate.com/support/downloads/ For information regarding online support and services, visit: www.seagate.com/contacts/

For information regarding Warranty Support, visit: www.seagate.com/support/warranty-and-replacements/ For information regarding data recovery services, visit: www.seagate.com/services-software/recover/resources/ For Seagate OEM and Distribution partner and Seagate reseller portal, visit: www.seagate.com/partners

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Scope

1.0Scope

This manual describes Seagate® Exos® X18 SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) disk drives.

Exos X18 drives support the SAS Protocol specifications to the extent described in this manual. The SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071) describes the general SAS characteristics of this and other Seagate SAS drives.

Product data communicated in this manual is specific only to the model numbers listed in this manual. The data listed in this manual may not be predictive of future generation specifications or requirements. If designing a system which will use one of the models listed or future generation products and need further assistance, please contact the Field Applications Engineer (FAE) or our global support services group as shown in

“Seagate® Technology Support Services” on page 5.

Unless otherwise stated, the information in this manual applies to standard and Self-Encrypting Drive models.

Model type

5xxE

Standard

ST18000NM004J, ST16000NM004J,

ST14000NM004J, ST12000NM004J

Self-Encrypting Drive (SED)

ST18000NM005J, ST16000NM005J,

ST14000NM005J, ST12000NM005J

SED-FIPS 140-2

ST18000NM007J, ST16000NM007J,

ST14000NM007J, ST12000NM007J

.

	Note	The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for “Security of Data
		at Rest” based on the standards defined by the Trusted Computing Group (see www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).

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HDD and SSD Regulatory Compliance and Safety

2.0HDD and SSD Regulatory Compliance and Safety

For the latest regulatory and compliance information see: www.seagate.com/support scroll down the page and click the Compliance, Safety and Disposal Guide link.

2.0.1Regulatory Models

The following regulatory model number represent all features and configurations within the series:

Regulatory Model Numbers: STL015

2.1Reference documents

SAS Interface Manual

Seagate part number: 100293071

SCSI Commands Reference Manual

Seagate part number: 100293068

Self-Encrypting Drives Reference Manual

Seagate part number: 100515636

ANSI SAS Documents
SFF-8323	3.5” Drive Form Factor with Serial Connector
SFF-8460	HSS Backplane Design Guidelines
SFF-8470	Multi Lane Copper Connector
SFF-8482	SAS Plug Connector
INCITS 538	SCSI Protocol Layer-4 (SPL-4) Rev. 08
INCITS 534	Serial Attached SCSI (SAS-4)
INCITS 506	SCSI Block Commands-4 (SBC-4) Rev. 10
INCITS 502	SCSI Primary Commands-5 (SPC-5) Rev. 10
ANSI Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) Documents
INCITS 515	SCSI Architecture Model (SAM-5) Rev. 11

Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Documents (apply to Self-Encrypting Drive models only) TCG Storage Architecture Core Specification, Rev. 1.0

TCG Storage Security Subsystem Class Enterprise Specification, Rev. 1.0

Specification for Acoustic Test Requirement and Procedures

Seagate part number: 30553-001

In case of conflict between this document and any referenced document, this document takes precedence.

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General description

3.0General description

Exos X18 drives provide high performance, high capacity data storage for a variety of systems including engineering workstations, network servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. The Serial Attached SCSI interface is designed to meet next-generation computing demands for performance, scalability, flexibility and high-density storage requirements.

Exos X18 drives are random access storage devices designed to support the Serial Attached SCSI Protocol as described in the ANSI specifications, this document, and the SAS Interface Manual (part number 100293071) which describes the general interface characteristics of this drive. Exos X18 drives are classified as intelligent peripherals and provide level 2 conformance (highest level) with the ANSI SCSI-1 standard. The SAS connectors, cables and electrical interface are compatible with Serial ATA (SATA), giving future users the choice of populating their systems with either SAS or SATA hard disk drives. This allows users to continue to leverage existing investment in SCSI while gaining a 12Gb/s serial data transfer rate.

The Self-Encrypting Drive models indicated on the cover of this product manual have provisions for “Security of Data at Rest” based on the standards defined by the Trusted Computing Group

(see www.trustedcomputinggroup.org).

The head and disk assembly (HDA) is sealed at the factory. Helium recirculates within the HDA through a non-replaceable filter to maintain a contamination-free HDA environment.

Never disassemble the HDA and do not attempt to service items in the sealed enclosure Note (heads, media, actuator, etc.) as this requires special facilities. The drive does not contain user-

replaceable parts. Opening the HDA for any reason voids the product warranty.

An automatic shipping lock prevents potential damage to the heads and discs that results from movement during shipping and handling. The shipping lock disengages and the head load process begins when power is applied to the drive.

Exos X18 drives decode track 0 location data from the servo data embedded on each surface to eliminate mechanical transducer adjustments and related reliability concerns.

The drives also use a high-performance actuator assembly with a low-inertia, balanced, patented, straight arm design that provides excellent performance with minimal power dissipation.

	Note	Seagate recommends validating the configuration with the selected HBA/RAID controller
		manufacturer to ensure use of full capacity is supported.

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General description

3.1Standard features

Exos X18 drives have the following standard features:

•128 - deep task set (queue)

•256MB data buffer (See Section 4.4) .

•3.0 / 6.0/12.0 Gb Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) interface

•Drive Self Test (DST)

•Embedded servo design

•Firmware downloadable using the SAS interface

•Flawed logical block reallocation at format time

•Idle Read After Write (IRAW)

•Industry standard SFF 3.5-in dimensions

•Integrated dual port SAS controller supporting the SCSI protocol

•Jumperless configuration.

•No preventive maintenance or adjustments required

•Perpendicular recording technology

•Power Balance supported (see Section 6.2 on page 23)

•Power Save

•Programmable auto write and read reallocation

•Programmable logical block reallocation scheme

•Reallocation of defects on command (Post Format)

•SAS Power Disable

•Self diagnostics performed when power is applied to the drive

•Support for SAS expanders and fanout adapters

•Supports up to 32 initiators

•T10 Fast Format supported (see Section 4.1.2)

•User-selectable logical block sizes for 4096 native models (4096, 4160 or 4224 bytes per logical block)

•User-selectable logical block sizes for 512E (512, 520 or 528 bytes per logical block).

•Vertical, horizontal, or top down mounting

Seagate Exos X18 SAS Self-Encrypting Drive models have the following additional features:

•32 Independent data bands

•Authenticated firmware download

•Automatic data encryption/decryption

•Controlled access

•Cryptographic erase of user data for a drive that will be repurposed or scrapped

•Drive locking

•Random number generator

3.2Performance

•1200MB/s maximum instantaneous data transfers.

•7200 RPM spindle. Average latency = 4.16ms

•Adaptive seek velocity; improved seek performance

•Background processing of queue

•Programmable multi-segmentable cache buffer

•Supports start and stop commands (spindle stops spinning)

.

	Note	There is no significant performance difference between Self-Encrypting
		Drive and standard (non-Self-Encrypting Drive) models.

3.3Reliability

•5-year warranty

•Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) of 0.35%

•Balanced low mass rotary voice coil actuator

•Incorporates industry-standard Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

•Mean time between failures (MTBF) of 2,500,000 hours

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General description

3.4Media description

The media used on the drive has a glass substrate coated with a thin film magnetic material, overcoated with a proprietary protective layer for improved durability and environmental protection.

3.5Formatted capacities

Standard OEM models are formatted to 512 bytes per block for 512 emulation drives and 4096 bytes per block for 4096 native drives. The block size is selectable at format time. Supported block sizes are 512, 520 and 528 for 512 emulation drives and 4096, 4160 and 4224 for 4096 native drives. Users having the necessary equipment may modify the data block size before issuing a format command and obtain different formatted capacities than those listed.

To provide a stable target capacity environment and at the same time provide users with flexibility if they choose, Seagate recommends product planning in one of two modes:

Seagate designs specify capacity points at certain block sizes that Seagate guarantees current and future products will meet. We recommend customers use this capacity in their project planning, as it ensures a stable operating point with backward and forward compatibility from generation to generation. The current guaranteed operating points for this product are shown below.

Sector		18TB with PI bytes		18TB w/out PI bytes		16TB with PI bytes			16TB w/o PI bytes
Size		Decimal	Hex	Decimal	Hex	Decimal		Hex	Decimal	Hex
512	34,441,527,296		804E00000	35,156,656,128	82F800000	30,616,322,048		720E00000	31,251,759,104	746C00000
520	33,919,336,448		7E5C00000	34,441,527,296	804E00000	30,152,851,456	705400000		30,616,322,048	720E00000
528	33,413,922,816		7C7A00000	33,919,336,448	7E5C00000	29,701,963,776		6EA600000	30,152,851,456	705400000
4096	4,363,911,168		1041C0000	4,394,582,016	105F00000	3,879,206,912		E7380000	3,906,469,888	E8D80000
4160	4,297,064,448		100200000	4,305,190,912	1009C0000	3,819,700,224		E3AC0000	3,827,040,256	E41C0000
4224	4,232,052,736		FC400000	4,239,917,056	FCB80000	3,761,766,400		E0380000	3,769,106,432	E0A80000
Sector		14TB with PI bytes		14TB w/out PI bytes		12TB with PI bytes			12TB w/o PI bytes
Size		Decimal	Hex	Decimal	Hex	Decimal		Hex	Decimal	Hex
512	26,789,019,648		63CC00000	27,344,764,928	65DE00000	22,961,717,248	558A00000		23,437,770,752	575000000
520	26,382,172,160		624800000	26,789,019,648	63CC00000	22,613,590,016	543E00000		22,961,717,248	558A00000
528	25,987,907,584		60D000000	26,382,172,160	543E00000	22,275,948,544	52FC00000		22,613,590,016	543E00000
4096	3,394,240,512		CA500000	3,418,095,616	CBBC0000	2,909,274,112	AD680000		2,929,721,344	AEA00000
4160	3,342,073,856		C7340000	3,348,627,456	C7980000	2,864,709,632	AAC00000		2,870,214,656	AB140000
4224	3,291,480,064		C4300000	3,297,771,520	C4900000	2,821,193,728	A8280000		2,826,698,752	A87C0000
Note		LBA Counts for drive capacities greater than 8TB are calculated based upon
		the SFF-8447 standard publication. ftp://ftp.seagate.com/sff/SFF-8447.PDF

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General description

3.6Programmable drive capacity

Using the Mode Select command, the drive can change its capacity to something less than maximum. See the Mode Select (6) parameter list table in the SAS Interface Manual, part number 100293071. A value of zero in the Number of Blocks field indicates that the drive will not change the capacity it is currently formatted to have. A number other than zero and less than the maximum number of LBAs in the Number of Blocks field changes the total drive capacity to the value in the Number of Blocks field. A value greater than the maximum number of LBAs is rounded down to the maximum capacity.

3.7Factory-installed options

Users may order the following items which are incorporated at the manufacturing facility during production or packaged before shipping. Some of the options available are (not an exhaustive list of possible options):

•Other capacities can be ordered depending on sparing scheme and sector size requested.

•Single-unit shipping pack. The drive is normally shipped in bulk packaging to provide maximum protection against transit damage. Units shipped individually require additional protection as provided by the single unit shipping pack. Users planning single unit distribution should specify this option.

•The Safety and Regulatory Agency Specifications, part number 75789512, is usually included with each standard OEM drive shipped, but extra copies may be ordered.

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Performance characteristics

4.0Performance characteristics

This section provides detailed information concerning performance-related characteristics and features of Exos X18 drives.

4.1Internal drive characteristics

Drive capacity	18TB	16TB	14TB	12TB	(formatted, rounded off value)
Read/write data heads	18	17	14	12
Bytes/track	1,840,943	1,785,977	1,840,943	1,704,382	Bytes (average, rounded off values)
Bytes/surface	1,000,000	941,176	1,000,000	857,143	MB (unformatted, rounded off values)
Tracks/surface (total)	543,200	526,981	543,200	502,905	Tracks (user accessible)
Tracks/in	482,000	467,609	482,000	446,245	TPI (average)
Peak bits/in	2,470,000	2,396,251	2,470,000	2,286,776	BPI
Areal density	1146	1121	1146	1020	Gb/in2
Internal data rate	2899	2812	2899	2684	Mb/s (max)
Disk rotation speed	7200	7200	7200	7200	RPM
Avg rotational latency	4.16	4.16	4.16	4.16	ms

4.1.1Format command execution time

5xxE-byte sectors (minutes)	18TB models	16TB models	14TB models	12TB models
Maximum (with verify)	2930	2740	2263	1958
Maximum (without verify)	1465	1370	1131	979

Execution time measured from receipt of the last byte of the Command Descriptor Block (CDB) to the request for a Status Byte Transfer to the Initiator (excluding connect/disconnect).

When changing sector sizes, the format times shown above may need to be increased by 30 minutes.

4.1.2Fast Format

Drive sector size transition

•Single code to support sector sizes from 512E

•T10 fast format conversion between 512E configurations in the field.

•Possible only if sector sizes are exact multiples of 8 & vice versa

•The selected sector size will take effect only after fast format or full format

•Drive default is 512E from the factory.

•512E features set after Fast Format

T10 Fast Format

•Implements the fast format based on T10 Spec.

•To request Fast Format, the FFMT bits (Byte 4, Bits 1:0) should be set to 01b.

•A setting of 10b or 11b will return a check condition with 05/24 sense code (pointing to FFMT MSB in CDB).

Mode Select - Parameter list header

•Set Write buffer: // Set Block Descriptor Length = 0x08, Number of LBAs = 0xFFFFFFFF

•00 00 00 00 00 00 00 08 FF FF FF FF 00 00 02 00 // Set block size to 0512 (0x0200)

•Then Send Mode Select Command

•cdb: 55 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 00 // (SP bit = 1, Parameter list = 0x10)

Format Unit - Parameter list header

•Set Write buffer: // Set IMMED = 1

•00 02 00 00

•Then Send Format Unit Command

•cdb: 04 14 00 00 01 00 // (FMTDAT = 1, DEFECT LIST FORMAT = 010b, FFMT = 01b)

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Performance characteristics

4.1.3General performance characteristics

Minimum sector interleave	1 to 1
Maximum Internal data rate*	2.7 Gb/s
Sustained transfer rate	103 to 258 MiB/s **
SAS Interface maximum instantaneous transfer rate	1200MB/s* per port
	(dual port = 2400MB/s*)
Logical block sizes
512 (default), 520 or 528.
4096, 4160 or 4224.
Read/write consecutive sectors on a track	Yes
Flaw reallocation performance impact (for flaws reallocated at format time using the spare	Negligible
sectors per sparing zone reallocation scheme.)
Average rotational latency	4.16ms

*Assumes no errors and no relocated logical blocks. Rate measured from the start of the first logical block transfer to or from the host.

** MiB/s x 1.048 = MB/s

4.2Start/stop time

Power-on to ready time is based on typical operating conditions, default full current spin-up profile, and clean shutdown prior to measurement To ensure a clean shutdown issue a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit set to zero and the IMMED bit set to zero, so that the device will return status after the operation is completed.

The drive accepts the commands listed in the SAS Interface Manual less than 3 seconds after DC power has been applied.

If the drive receives a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port and has not received a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).

If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 0 before receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive, the drive waits for a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1. After receiving a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit equal to 1, the drive waits for a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive. After receiving a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive through either port, the drive becomes ready for normal operations within 30 seconds (excluding the error recovery procedure).

If the drive receives a START STOP UNIT command with the START bit and IMMED bit equal to 1 and does not receive a NOTIFY (ENABLE SPINUP) primitive within 5 seconds, the drive fails the START STOP UNIT command.

The START STOP UNIT command may be used to command the drive to stop the spindle. Stop time is 23 seconds (maximum) from removal of DC power. SCSI stop time is 23 seconds. There is no power control switch on the drive.

An unexpected power loss event, spin up at cold or hot temperature extremes may cause the drive to exceed the typical and max time to ready by 5 to 20 seconds. Extended time to ready is dependent on cache state and environmental conditions prior to the unexpected power loss and during the subsequent power on.

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Performance characteristics

4.3Prefetch/multi-segmented cache control

The drive provides a prefetch (read look-ahead) and multi-segmented cache control algorithms that in many cases can enhance system performance. Cache refers to the drive buffer storage space when it is used in cache operations. To select this feature, the host sends the Mode Select command with the proper values in the applicable bytes in page 08h. Prefetch and cache operations are independent features from the standpoint that each is enabled and disabled independently using the Mode Select command; however, in actual operation, the prefetch feature overlaps cache operation somewhat as described in sections Table 4.4.1 and Table 4.4.2.

All default cache and prefetch mode parameter values (Mode Page 08h) for standard OEM versions of this drive family are given in Table 10.

4.4Cache operation

.

Note Refer to the SAS Interface Manual for more detail concerning the cache bits.

The buffer is divided into logical segments from which data is read and to which data is written.

The drive keeps track of the logical block addresses of the data stored in each segment of the buffer. If the cache is enabled (see RCD bit in the SAS Interface Manual), data requested by the host with a read command is retrieved from the buffer, if possible, before any disk access is initiated. If cache operation is not enabled, the buffer is still used, but only as circular buffer segments during disk medium read operations (disregarding Prefetch operation for the moment). That is, the drive does not check in the buffer segments for the requested read data, but goes directly to the medium to retrieve it. The retrieved data merely passes through some buffer segment on the way to the host. All data transfers to the host are in accordance with buffer-full ratio rules. See the explanation provided with the information about Mode Page 02h (disconnect/reconnect control) in the SAS Interface Manual.

The following is a simplified description of the prefetch/cache operation:

Case A—read command is received and all of the requested logical blocks are already in the cache:

1.Drive transfers the requested logical blocks to the initiator.

Case B—A Read command requests data, and at least one requested logical block is not in any segment of the cache:

1.The drive fetches the requested logical blocks from the disk and transfers them into a segment, and then from there to the host in accordance with the Mode Select Disconnect/Reconnect parameters, page 02h.

2.If the prefetch feature is enabled, refer to section Table 4.4.2 for operation from this point.

Each cache segment is actually a self-contained circular buffer whose length is an integer number of logical blocks. The drive dynamically creates and removes segments based on the workload. The wrap-around capability of the individual segments greatly enhances the cache’s overall performance.

The size of each segment is not reported by Mode Sense command page 08h, bytes 14 and 15. The value 0XFFFF is always reported regardless of the actual size of the segment. Sending a size specification using the Mode Select command (bytes 14 and 15) does not set up a new segment size. If the STRICT bit in Mode page 00h (byte 2, bit 1) is set to one, the drive responds as it does for any attempt to change an unchangeable parameter.

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Performance characteristics

4.4.1Caching write data

Write caching is a write operation by the drive that makes use of a drive buffer storage area where the data to be written to the medium is stored while the drive performs the Write command.

If read caching is enabled (RCD=0), then data written to the medium is retained in the cache to be made available for future read cache hits. The same buffer space and segmentation is used as set up for read functions. The buffer segmentation scheme is set up or changed independently, having nothing to do with the state of RCD. When a write command is issued, if RCD=0, the cache is first checked to see if any logical blocks that are to be written are already stored in the cache from a previous read or write command. If there are, the respective cache segments are cleared. The new data is cached for subsequent Read commands.

If the number of write data logical blocks exceed the size of the segment being written into, when the end of the segment is reached, the data is written into the beginning of the same cache segment, overwriting the data that was written there at the beginning of the operation; however, the drive does not overwrite data that has not yet been written to the medium.

If write caching is enabled (WCE=1), then the drive may return Good status on a write command after the data has been transferred into the cache, but before the data has been written to the medium. If an error occurs while writing the data to the medium, and Good status has already been returned, a deferred error will be generated.

The Synchronize Cache command may be used to force the drive to write all cached write data to the medium. Upon completion of a Synchronize Cache command, all data received from previous write commands will have been written to the medium. Table 10 shows the mode default settings for the drive.

4.4.2Prefetch operation

If the Prefetch feature is enabled, data in contiguous logical blocks on the disk immediately beyond that which was requested by a Read command are retrieved and stored in the buffer for immediate transfer from the buffer to the host on subsequent Read commands that request those logical blocks (this is true even if cache operation is disabled). Though the prefetch operation uses the buffer as a cache, finding the requested data in the buffer is a prefetch hit, not a cache operation hit.

To enable Prefetch, use Mode Select page 08h, byte 12, bit 5 (Disable Read Ahead - DRA bit). DRA bit = 0 enables prefetch.

The drive does not use the Max Prefetch field (bytes 8 and 9) or the Prefetch Ceiling field (bytes 10 and 11).

When prefetch (read look-ahead) is enabled (enabled by DRA = 0), the drive enables prefetch of contiguous blocks from the disk when it senses that a prefetch hit will likely occur. The drive disables prefetch when it decides that a prefetch hit is not likely to occur.

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Reliability specifications

5.0Reliability specifications

The following reliability specifications assume correct host and drive operational interface, including all interface timings, power supply voltages, environmental requirements and drive mounting constraints.

Seek error rate:	Less than 10 errors in 108 seeks
Read Error Rates1
Recovered Data	Less than 10 errors in 1012 bits transferred (OEM default settings)
Unrecovered Data	Less than 1 sector in 1015 bits transferred
Miscorrected Data	Less than 1 sector in 1021 bits transferred
Interface error rate:	Less than 1 error in 1012 bits transferred
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF):	2,500,000 hours
Annualized Failure Rate (AFR):2	0.35%
Preventive maintenance:	None required

1.Error rate specified with automatic retries and data correction with ECC enabled and all flaws reallocated.

2.See Section 5.2, "Reliability and service" for rated MTBF device operating condition requirements.

5.1Error rates

The error rates stated in this manual assume the following:

•The drive is operated in accordance with this manual using DC power as defined in Section 6.4, DC power requirements

•Errors caused by host system failures are excluded from error rate computations.

•Assume random data.

•Default OEM error recovery settings are applied. This includes AWRE, ARRE, full read retries, full write retries and full retry time.

5.1.1Recoverable Errors

Recoverable errors are those detected and corrected by the drive, and do not require user intervention.

Recoverable Data errors will use correction, although ECC on-the-fly is not considered for purposes of recovered error specifications.

Recovered Data error rate is determined using read bits transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a read, and using write bits transferred for recoverable errors occurring during a write.

5.1.2Unrecoverable Errors

An unrecoverable data error is defined as a failure of the drive to recover data from the media. These errors occur due to head/media or write problems. Unrecoverable data errors are only detected during read operations, but not caused by the read. If an unrecoverable data error is detected, a MEDIUM ERROR (03h) in the Sense Key will be reported. Multiple unrecoverable data errors resulting from the same cause are treated as 1 error.

5.1.3Seek errors

A seek error is defined as a failure of the drive to position the heads to the addressed track. After detecting an initial seek error, the drive automatically performs an error recovery process. If the error recovery process fails, a seek positioning error (Error code = 15h or 02h) will be reported with a Hardware error (04h) in the Sense Key. Recoverable seek errors are specified at Less than 10 errors in 108 seeks. Unrecoverable seek errors (Sense Key = 04h) are classified as drive failures.

5.1.4Interface errors

An interface error is defined as a failure of the receiver on a port to recover the data as transmitted by the device port connected to the receiver The error may be detected as a running disparity error, illegal code, loss of word sync, or CRC error.

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Reliability specifications

5.2Reliability and service

Users can enhance the reliability of Exos X18 disk drives by ensuring that the drive receives adequate cooling. Section 6.0 provides temperature measurements and other information that may be used to enhance the service life of the drive. Section 9.2 provides recommended air-flow information.

5.2.1Annualized Failure Rate (AFR) and Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)

The production disk drive shall achieve an annualized failure-rate of 0.35% (MTBF of 2,500,000 hours) over a 5 year service life when used in Enterprise Storage field conditions as limited by the following:

•8760 power-on hours per year.

•HDA temperature as reported by the drive <= 30°C

•Ambient wet bulb temp <= 26°C

•Typical workload

•The AFR (MTBF) is a population statistic not relevant to individual units

•ANSI/ISA S71.04-2013 G2 classification levels and dust contamination to ISO 14644-1 Class 8 standards (as measured at the device)

The MTBF specification for the drive assumes the operating environment is designed to maintain nominal drive temperature and humidity Occasional excursions in operating conditions between the rated MTBF conditions and the maximum drive operating conditions may occur without significant impact to the rated MTBF. However continual or sustained operation beyond the rated MTBF conditions will degrade the drive MTBF and reduce product reliability.

Nonrecoverable read errors	1 per 1015 bits read, max
Load unload cycles	600,000 cycles
Maximum Rated Workload	Maximum rate of <550TB/year
	Workloads exceeding the annualized rate may degrade the drive MTBF and impact product
	reliability. The Annualized Workload Rate is in units of TB per year, or TB per 8760 power on
	hours. Workload Rate = TB transferred * (8760 / recorded power on hours).
Warranty	To determine the warranty for a specific drive, use a web browser to access the following web
	page: www.seagate.com/support/warranty-and-replacements/.
	From this page, click on the “Is my Drive under Warranty” link. The following are required to be
	provided: the drive serial number, model number (or part number) and country of purchase
	The system will display the warranty information for the drive.
Preventive maintenance	None required.

5.2.2Hot plugging the drive

When a disk is powered on by switching the power or hot plugged, the drive runs a self test before attempting to communicate on its’ interfaces When the self test completes successfully, the drive initiates a Link Reset starting with OOB. An attached device should respond to the link reset. If the link reset attempt fails, or any time the drive looses sync, the drive initiated link reset. The drive will initiate link reset once per second but alternates between port A and B. Therefore each port will attempt a link reset once per 2 seconds assuming both ports are out of sync.

If the self-test fails, the drive does not respond to link reset on the failing port.

It is the responsibility of the systems integrator to assure that no temperature, energy, voltage hazard, or ESD potential hazard is presented during the hot connect/disconnect operation. Discharge the static electricity from the drive carrier prior to inserting it into the system.

	Caution	The drive motor must come to a complete stop prior to changing the
		plane of operation. This time is required to insure data integrity.

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Reliability specifications

5.2.3S.M.A.R.T.

S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym for Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology. This technology is intended to recognize conditions that indicate imminent drive failure and is designed to provide sufficient warning of a failure to allow users to back up the data before an actual failure occurs.

	Note	The drive’s firmware monitors specific attributes for degradation
		over time but can’t predict instantaneous drive failures.

Each monitored attribute has been selected to monitor a specific set of failure conditions in the operating performance of the drive and the thresholds are optimized to minimize “false” and “failed” predictions.

Controlling S.M.A.R.T.

The operating mode of S.M.A.R.T. is controlled by the DEXCPT and PERF bits on the Informational Exceptions Control mode page (1Ch). Use the DEXCPT bit to enable or disable the S.M.A.R.T. feature. Setting the DEXCPT bit disables all S.M.A.R.T. functions. When enabled, S.M.A.R.T. collects on-line data as the drive performs normal read and write operations. When the PERF bit is set, the drive is considered to be in “On-line Mode Only” and will not perform off-line functions.

Users can measure off-line attributes and force the drive to save the data by using the Rezero Unit command. Forcing S.M.A.R.T. resets the timer so that the next scheduled interrupt is in one hour.

Users can interrogate the drive through the host to determine the time remaining before the next scheduled measurement and data logging process occurs. To accomplish this, issue a Log Sense command to log page 0x3E. This allows the user to control when S.M.A.R.T. interruptions occur. Forcing S.M.A.R.T. with the RTZ command resets the timer.

Performance impact

S.M.A.R.T. attribute data is saved to the disk so that the events that caused a predictive failure can be recreated. The drive measures and saves parameters once every one hour subject to an idle period on the drive interfaces. The process of measuring off-line attribute data and saving data to the disk is interruptible. The maximum on-line only processing delay is summarized below:

Maximum processing delay

Fully-enabled delay DEXCPT = 0

S.M.A.R.T. delay times 75 ms

Reporting control

Reporting is controlled by the MRIE bits in the Informational Exceptions Control mode page (1Ch). An example, if the MRIE is set to one, the firmware will issue to the host an 01-5D00 sense code. The FRU field contains the type of predictive failure that occurred. The error code is preserved through bus resets and power cycles.

Determining rate

S.M.A.R.T. monitors the rate at which errors occur and signals a predictive failure if the rate of degraded errors increases to an unacceptable level To determine rate, error events are logged and compared to the number of total operations for a given attribute. The interval defines the number of operations over which to measure the rate. The counter that keeps track of the current number of operations is referred to as the Interval Counter.

S.M.A.R.T. measures error rates. All errors for each monitored attribute are recorded. A counter keeps track of the number of errors for the current interval. This counter is referred to as the Failure Counter.

Error rate is the number of errors per operation. The algorithm that S.M.A.R.T. uses to record rates of error is to set thresholds for the number of errors and their interval. If the number of errors exceeds the threshold before the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be unacceptable If the number of errors does not exceed the threshold before the interval expires, the error rate is considered to be acceptable. In either case, the interval and failure counters are reset and the process starts over.

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