Korg PA 50 User Manual

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Instructions pertaining to a risk of ﬁre, electric shock, or injury to persons

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

WARNING

cautions should be followed, including the following:

Location.

result in a malfunction.

• In direct sunlight

• Locations of extreme temperature or humidity

• Excessively dusty or dirty locations

• Locations of excessive vibration

Power supply.

to an AC outlet of the correct voltage. Do not connect it to an AC outlet of voltage other than that for which your unit is intended.

Interference with other electrical devices.

uct contains a microcomputer. Radios and televisions placed nearby may experience reception interference. Operate this unit at a suitable distance from radios and televisions.

Handling.

to the switches or controls.

Care.

dry cloth. Do not use liquid cleaners such as benzene or thinner, or cleaning compounds or ﬂammable polishes.

Keep this manual.

keep it for later reference.

Keeping foreign matter out of your equipment.

• Never set any container with liquid in it near this

• Be careful not to let metal objects get into the equip-

KEEP THESE INSTRUCTIONS CLEAN ONLY WITH A DRY CLOTH

— When using electrical products, basic pre-

Using the unit in the following locations can

Please connect the designated AC adapter

This prod-

To avoid breakage, do not apply excessive force

If the exterior becomes dirty, wipe it with a clean,

After reading this manual, please

equipment. if liquid gets into the equipment, it could cause a breakdown, ﬁre, or electrical shock.

ment. If something does slip into the equipment, unplug the AC adapter from the wall outlet. Then contact your nearest Korg dealer or the store where the equipment was purchased.

THE FCC REGULATION WARNING (FOR THE U.S.A. AND CANADA ONLY)

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV tech-

Unauthorized changes or modiﬁcation to this system can void theuser's authority to operate this equipment.

CE MARK FOR EUROPEAN HARMONIZED STANDARDS

CE mark which is attached to our company’s products of AC mains operated apparatus until December 31, 1996 means it conforms to EMC Directive (89/336/ EEC) and CE mark Directive (93/68/EEC).

And, CE mark which is attached after January 1, 1997 means it conforms to EMC Directive (89/336/EEC), CE mark Directive (93/68/EEC) and Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC).

Also, CE mark which is attached to our company’s products of Battery operated apparatus means it conforms to EMC Directive (89/336/EEC) and CE mark Directive (93/68/EEC).

receiver.

different from that to which the receiver is connected.

nician for help.

DATA HANDLING

Data in memory may sometimes be lost due to incorrect user action. Be sure to save important data to ﬂoppy disk. KORG will not be responsible for damages caused by data loss.

LCD DISPLAY

Some pages of the manuals show LCD screens along with an explanation of functions and operations. All sound names, parameter names, and values are merely examples and may not always match the actual display you are working on.

and the contents of the instruction manual - the speciﬁcations being subject to change without prior notice

LIABILITY

KORG products are manufactured under strict speciﬁcations and voltages required by each country. These products are warranted by the KORG distributor only in each country. Any KORG product not sold with a warranty card or carrying a serial number disqualiﬁes the product sold from the manufacturer's/distributor's warranty and liability. This requirement is for your own protection and safety.

TRADEMARKS

Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. MS-DOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

DISCLAIMER

The information contained in this manual have been carefully revised and checked through. Due to our constant efforts to improve our products, the speciﬁcations might differ to those in the manual. KORG is not responsible for any eventual differences found between the speciﬁcations

SERVICE AND USER’S ASSISTANCE

For service, please contact your nearest Authorized KORG Service Center. For more information on KORG products, and to ﬁnd software and accessories for your keyboard, please contact your local Authorized KORG distributor.

PA50 ON THE WEB

For up-to-date information, please, point your web browser to htt

p://www.korgpa.com.

THE BALANCE SLIDER

When turning the instrument on, please be assured the BALANCE slider is set to

the center. This sets both Sequencer 1 (SEQ1) and Sequencer 2 (SEQ2) to their

maximum level. This will avoid you start a Song without hearing anything.

HOW TO…

Keyboard

…select a Sound Program 26 …select a Performance 25 …play a Sound Program across the

whole keyboard, as with a piano 24 …split the keyboard in two 24 …add sounds to the right hand 24 …mute/unmute sounds 24

Style Play mode

…select a Style 26 …start/stop the Style 29 …select a Fill or a Break 29 …select a Style Variation 30 …see the Style tracks 41 …create a new Style 52

Song Play mode

…play a Song (Standard MIDI File) 27 …see the Lyrics 74 …see the Song tracks 73 …start both Sequencers at the same time 18, 79

Backing Sequence mode

…record a new Backing Sequence (Song) 82

Song mode

…record a new Song 91 …edit a Standard MIDI File 88

In general

…turn the speakers off 125 …change the Damper polarity 126 …select the Arabic Scale 34

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Welcome! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Live Performing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Useful links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

About this manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Making a backup copy of system files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Loading the operating system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Reloading the Factory Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Start up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Connecting the AC power adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Turning the instrument on and off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Controlling the Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

The BALANCE slider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Headphones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Audio Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Audio Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

MIDI connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Damper Pedal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Demo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

The music stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Display and User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Display controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Interface structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Message windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Symbols and Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Grayed-out non-available parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Basic Guide

Basic operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Playing on the keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Selecting, muting/unmuting and soloing a track . . . . . . . . 24

Selecting a Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Selecting a Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Selecting a Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Selecting a Single Touch Setting (STS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Changing all keyboard tracks at once . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Playing a Song from Floppy disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Shortcut to see the original bank for a Style,

Performance or Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

1 - Playing in realtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2 - Playing a Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3 - Playing a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4 - Recording a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

5 - Editing a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

6 - The Arabic Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

MIDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

What is MIDI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Midifiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

The General MIDI standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

The Global channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

The Chord 1 and Chord 2 channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

The Control channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

MIDI Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Connecting Pa50 to a Master keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Connecting the Pa50 to a MIDI accordion . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Connecting the Pa50 to an external sequencer . . . . . . . . . .37

Playing another instrument with the Pa50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Reference Guide

Style Play operating mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

What’s a Style? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Styles and Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Changing and resetting the Tempo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

The DIRECT FD bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Main page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Style tracks page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

How to select Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

The Write window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Edit page structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Page 1 - Mixer: Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Page 2 - Mixer: Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Page 3 - Mixer: FX Send . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Page 4 - Tuning: Detune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Page 5 - Tuning: Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Page 6 - Tuning: PitchBend Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Page 7 - FX: A/B Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Page 8 - FX: C/D Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Page 9 - FX: A editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Page 10 - FX: B editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Page 11 - FX: C editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Page 12 - FX: D editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Page 13 - Track: Easy edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Page 14 - Track: Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Page 15 - Track: Internal/External . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Page 16 - R.T. controls: Damper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Page 17 - R.T. controls: Joystick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Page 18 - R.T. controls: Dynamic range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Page 19 - R.T. controls: Ensemble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Page 20 - Style controls: Drum/Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Page 21 - Style controls: Wrap Around / Keyboard

Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Page 22 - Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Page 23 - Preferences: Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Page 24 - Preferences: controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Style Record mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

The Style’s structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Style Import/Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Entering the Record mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Listening to the Style while in Record/Edit mode . . . . . . . .53

Exit and Save/Abort Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

The Write window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

List of recorded events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Fast Delete using the control panel buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Main page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Style Tracks page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Step Record page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Style Record procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Edit page structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Page 1 - Edit: Quantize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Page 2 - Edit: Transpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Page 3 - Edit: Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Page 4 - Event Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Page 5 - Event Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Event Edit procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Page 6 - Edit: Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Page 7 - Edit: Delete All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Page 8 - Edit: Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Page 9 - Style Element Controls: Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Page 10 - Style Element Controls: Expression . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Page 11 - Style Element Controls: Keyboard Range . . . . . . 68

Page 12 - Style Element Controls: Chord Variation

Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Page 13 - Style Controls: Mode/Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Song Play operating mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

The Songs and the Standard MIDI File format . . . . . . . . . . 70

Transport controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

MIDI Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Switching between sequencers during editing . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Selecting a Song composing its progressive number . . . . . 70

Realtime and sequencer tracks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Master Volume, Sequencer Volume, BALANCE . . . . . . . . 71

Effects in Song Play mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Groove Quantize window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

The Write window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Main page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Tracks 1-8 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Tracks 9-16 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Song Select page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

The Lyrics page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Playing a Jukebox file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Edit page structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Page 1 - Mixer: Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Page 2 - Mixer: Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Page 3 - Mixer: FX send A/B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Page 3 - Mixer: FX send C/D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Page 4 - FX: A/B Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Page 4 - FX: C/D Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Page 5 - FX: A editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Page 6 - FX: B editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Page 5 - FX: C editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Page 6 - FX: D editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Page 7 - Track: Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Page 8 - Track: Internal/External . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Page 9 - Jukebox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Page 10 - Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Saving a list of Songs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Backing Sequence operating mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Transport controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

The Backing Sequence, Song and Song Play modes . . . . . . 82

How to playback a Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Realtime Recording mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Chord/Acc Step recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Main Page (Backing Sequence Play) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Load Song page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Save Song page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Realtime Recording page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

Chord/Acc Step Recording page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

How to delete a whole Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

Song operating mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Transport controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Master Volume and Sequencer Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

The Songs and the Standard MIDI File format . . . . . . . . . .88

Fast track deletion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

How to delete a whole Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Main page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

Tracks 1-8 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Tracks 9-16 page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Song Select page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

Save Song page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Realtime Record procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Step Record procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Song Record page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

Step Record page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Edit page structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Page 1 - Mixer: Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Page 2 - Mixer: Pan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Page 3 - Mixer: FX Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

Page 4 - Mixer: FX Send A/B (or C/D) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

Page 5 - Tuning: Detune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

Page 6 - Tuning: Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Page 7 - Tuning: PitchBend/Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Page 8 - FX: A/B Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Page 9 - FX: C/D Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97

Page 10 - FX: A editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Page 11 - FX: B editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Page 12 - FX: C editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Page 13 - FX: D editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Page 14 - Track: Easy edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Page 15 - Track: Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Page 16 - Track: Internal/External . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Page 17 - Edit: Quantize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Page 18 - Edit: Transpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Page 19 - Edit: Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Page 20 - Edit: Delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Page 21 - Edit: Cut Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Page 22 - Edit: Insert Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Page 23 - Edit: Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

Page 24 - Event Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

Page 25 - Event Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

Event Edit procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Program operating mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

Main page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Sound Programs and Drum Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Edit page structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

The Compare function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

How to select oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Erase Program/Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

The ‘Write’ window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Page 1 - Basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Page 2 - Sample (Sound Programs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Page 2 - DK Samples (Drum Programs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Page 3 - Pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Page 4 - Pitch LFO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Page 5 - Pitch LFO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Page 6 - Pitch EG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Page 7 - Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Page 8 - Filter Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Page 9 - Filter LFO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114

Page 10 - Filter LFO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

Page 11 - Filter EG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Page 12 - Amp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Page 13 - Amp Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Page 14 - Amp LFO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Page 15 - Amp LFO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Page 16 - Amp EG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Page 17 - LFO1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

Page 18 - LFO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

Page 19 - Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Page 20 - FX1 editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Page 21 - FX2 editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

AMS (Alternate Modulation Source) list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Global edit environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

The Write window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Page 1 - General controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

Page 2 - Master Transpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Page 3 - Assignable Pedal/Footswitch, Assignable

Slider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Page 4 - MIDI Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Page 5 - MIDI Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

Page 6 - MIDI IN Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Page 7 - MIDI IN Controls (1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Page 8 - MIDI IN Controls (2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Page 9 - MIDI IN Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Page 10 - MIDI OUT Channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Page 11 - MIDI OUT Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Disk edit environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

The WRITE/DISK IN USE LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Floppy disk handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Loading data created with the Pa80 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Loading older i-Series data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Disk structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

File types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

File and folder size display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Page structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Navigation tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133

Page 1 - Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Page 2 - Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Page 3 - Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Page 4 - Erase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Page 5 - Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Page 6 - New Dir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Page 7 - Rename . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Page 8 - Utilities 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Page 9 - Utilities 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Appendix

Factory Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

Style Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Single Touch Settings (STS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Programs (bank order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

Programs (Program Change order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

Drum Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160

Drum Kit instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

Performances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173

MIDI Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174

Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

Dynamic Modulation sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

Filter/Dynamic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

Pitch/Phase Mod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185

Mod./P.Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195

ER/Delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202

Reverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208

Mono – Mono Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

Assignable parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

List of functions assignable to the Footswitch . . . . . . . . . .225

List of functions assignable to the Pedal or

Assignable Slider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

List of sounds assignable to the Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226

List of functions assignable to the Pads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227

Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227

MIDI Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

MIDI Implementation Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

Recognized chords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

Error messages & Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

Technical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

Alphabetical Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

INTRODUCTION

Welcome!

Live Performing

1. WELCOME!

Welcome to the world of KORG Pa50 Professional Arranger! Pa50 is one of the most powerful arranger available today, both for professional and home entertainment use.

Here are some of the features of your new instrument:

• Powerful HI (Hyper Integrated) KORG sound generation system, as seen in our best professional synthesizers.

• OPOS (Objective Portable Operating System) multitasking operating system, to let you load data while playing your instrument.

• Operating System updates, to load new features from disk. Don’t let your instrument get old!

• Solid State Disk (SSD), for any system update–a smart way to replace the usual ROM memory.

• Direct Style access from ﬂoppy disk.

• General MIDI Level 2 Sounds-compatible.

• More than 660 Sound Programs.

• 4 multieffect processor, each with 89 effect types.

• 160 Performances and 1,216 Single Touch Settings (STS), for fast setting of keyboard sounds and effects.

• 304 Styles.

• XDS Double Sequencer with Crossfader.

• Style Record and Edit

• Full-featured sequencer (Song Record and Edit)

• Integrated speakers, for the most true sound reproduction.

• Wide Custom Display.

LIVE PERFORMING

Pa50 has been carefully designed to be used live. The “realtime” word has its full meaning in this instrument.

mances

keyboard and a suitable Style; of the keyboard tracks; and companions for your realtime playing.

allow the instant selection of all the tracks on the

STSs

allow an instant selection

Styles

are the realtime backing

Perfor-

USEFUL LINKS

Your preferred KORG dealer not only carries this keyboard, but also a whole bunch of hardware and software accessories. You should ask him for more Programs, Styles, and other useful music materials.

Each KORG distributor can supply you with useful information. Just give him a call for additional services. In the English-speaking world, here are the relevant addresses:

USA KORG USA, 316 South Service Road, Melville,

New York, 11747, USA Tel:1-516-333-9100, Fax:1-516-333-9108

Canada Jam Industries, 620 McCaffrey, St-Laurent,

QC, Canada, H4T 1N1 Tel. (514) 738-3000, Fax (514) 737-5069

UK KORG UK Ltd, 9 Newmarket Court, Kingston,

Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK10, 0AU

Telephone: 01908 857100 UK Technical Support Tel: 01908 857122, Fax:

01908 857199 E-mail: info@korg.co.uk

Many KORG distributors also have their own web page on the internet, where you can ﬁnd infos and software. Useful web pages in English are the following:

www.korg.com

www.korg.co.uk

www.jam-industries.com

A place to ﬁnd operating system updates and various system ﬁles (for example, a full backup of the factory data) is at the following link:

www.korgpa.com

Other useful information can be found worldwide by accessing to other KORG web sites, like the following:

www.korg.co.jp www.korgfr.net

www.korg.de

www.korg.it

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

This manual is divided in three sections:

•A

•An

Within the manual, you will ﬁnd the following abbreviations:

Basic Guide

ment, as well as a series of practical guides (named “Tutorials”).

Reference Guide

described in detail.

Appendix

for the advanced user.

, containing an overview of the instru-

, with each page and parameter

, with a list of data and useful information

The parameter can be saved onto a Performance by pressing the WRITE button.

The parameter can be saved onto the current Style Performance by pressing the WRITE button.

The parameter can be saved onto a Single Touch Setting by pressing the WRITE button.

The parameter can be saved onto the Global, by going to the Global environment (see “Global edit environment” on page 125) and pressing the WRITE button.

MAKING A BACKUP COPY OF SYSTEM FILES

Before starting playing with your new Pa50, we suggest you make a back-up copy of all system data, including Programs, Performances and Styles, in case the internal data is changed.

To backup the Operating System, please see “Save OS” on page 141.

To backup the Factory Data (Styles, Programs…), see “Backup Data” on page 141.

LOADING THE OPERATING SYSTEM

Your Pa50 can be constantly updated as new versions of the operating system are released by KORG. You can download the operating system from www.korgpa.com. Please, read the Readme ﬁle included with the operating system itself.

You can see which version of the operating systems is installed in your Pa50 by keeping the SHIFT button pressed, and pressing the ENTER and EXIT buttons together. The operating system version number will appear in the display. Press EXIT to close the message window.

To load a new system, follow these instructions:

Copy the three operating system’s ﬁles in an empty, MS-

DOS® formatted, HD-type ﬂoppy disk. These are the needed ﬁles:

• OSPa50.LZX

• BPa50.SYS

• NBPa50.SYS

Welcome!

Loading the operating system

Turn the instrument off, and insert the operating system

disk into the disk drive. Turn the instrument on. A message appears in the dis-

play, asking if you want to load the operating system.

Press ENTER to load, or EXIT to cancel the loading procedure. If you press ENTER, wait until the loading is ﬁnished.

When the operating system is ﬁnished loading, a message appears, asking you to remove the ﬂoppy disk and press any button.

Remove the ﬂoppy disk, and press any button.

RELOADING THE FACTORY DATA

Should the internal memory content get damaged, you can reload the original Factory Data from the backup disks. See “Restore Data” on page 142.

Start up

Connecting the AC power adapter

2. START UP

CONNECTING THE AC POWER ADAPTER

Connect the supplied AC power adapter to the dedicated socket on the rear of the instrument. Then, plug it into a wall socket.

Warning:

plied adapter, or an adapter suggested by Korg. Other adapters may look similar, but they may damage your instrument!

Use only the sup-

TURNING THE INSTRUMENT ON AND OFF

• Press the POWER switch on the rear panel to turn the instrument on. The display will light up, showing a welcome message.

• Press again the POWER switch on the rear panel to turn the instrument off.

Warning:

tained in RAM (a volatile memory, used for Song editing) will be lost. On the contrary, data contained in the SSD disk (a non-volatile memory, used for Factory and User data) will be preserved (see “Memory Mode” on page 51).

When turning the instrument off, all data con-

CONTROLLING THE VOLUME

• Use the MASTER VOLUME slider to control the overall volume of the instrument. This slider controls the volume of the sound going to the internal speakers, the L/MONO & RIGHT OUTPUTS, and the HEADPHONES connector.

Note:

Start at a moderate level, then raise the MASTER VOLUME up. Don’t keep the volume at an uncomfortable level for too long.

• Use the ACC/SEQ VOLUME slider to control the Style tracks (drums, percussion, bass…) volume. This slider also controls both Sequencers tracks, excluding the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

• By default, you can use the ASSIGN.SLIDER to control the keyboard tracks volume. This slider is user-assignable, but is set to the Keyboard Expression parameter by default.

THE BALANCE SLIDER

The BALANCE slider sets the relative volume of the two onboard sequencers (Sequencer1 and Sequencer 2).

• Move it fully left to set Sequencer 1 to the maximum level and Sequencer 2 to zero.

• Move it fully right to set Sequencer 1 to zero and Sequencer 2 to the maximum level.

• Move it to the center to set both Sequencer at the same level.

Note:

When turning the instrument on, move this slider to the

center, to avoid starting a Song at the minimum level.

HEADPHONES

Connect a pair of headphones to the PHONES output, on the rear of the insturment. You can use headphones with an impedance of 16-200Ω (50Ω suggested). Use a headphone distributor to connect more than one pair of headphones.

AUDIO OUTPUTS

You can send the sound to an external ampliﬁcation system, instead of the internal speakers. This is useful when recording, or when playing live.

Stereo.

RIGHT OUTPUTS. Connect the other end of the cables to a stereo channel of your mixer, two mono channels, two powered monitors, or the TAPE/AUX input of your audio system. Don’t use the PHONO inputs of your audio system!

Mono.

Connect the other end of the cable to a mono channel of your mixer, a powered monitor, or a channel of your TAPE/AUX input of a hi-ﬁ system (you will hear that channel only, unless you can set the ampliﬁer to Mono mode).

Connect two mono cables to the L/MONO &

Connect a mono cable to the L/MONO OUTPUT.

AUDIO INPUTS

Connect any other electronic musical instrument, a mixer’s output (non-powered), or a CD/tape player, to the INPUTS on the back of the instrument. These inputs expect a linelevel signal. To connect a microphone, you need a dedicated microphone preampliﬁer or a mixer.

Use the connected device’s volume control to adjust the input level. Be careful not to make it distort (or “clip”). Here is how to set the volume of the connected device:

• if the sound heard on Pa50’s outputs is too low, you should increase the output level of the connected device.

• if it sounds ﬁne, it’s ok.

• if it distorts, you should lower the level a little, until the sounds is ﬁne again.

MIDI CONNECTIONS

You can play the internal sounds of your Pa50 with an external controller, i.e. a master keyboard, a MIDI guitar, a wind controller, a MIDI accordion, or a digital piano.

Connect a standard MIDI cable from the MIDI OUT of

your controller to the MIDI IN connector on the Pa50.

Select a transmission MIDI channel on your controller. Some controllers, like the MIDI accordions, usually transmit on more than one channel (see more information in the MIDI chapter).

Start up

Damper Pedal

On the Pa50, select the MIDI Setup that best ﬁt your

controllers type (see “Page 4 - MIDI Setup” on page 126).

DAMPER PEDAL

Connect a Damper (Sustain) pedal to the DAMPER connector on the back panel. Use a KORG PS1, PS2 or DS1H footswitch pedal, or a compatible one. To switch the Damper polarity, see “Damper Pol. (Damper Polarity)” on page 126

DEMO

Listen to the built-in Demo Songs to appreciate the power of the Pa50. There are 16 Demo Songs to choose from.

Press the STYLE PLAY and SONG PLAY buttons

together. Their LEDs start blinking.

At this point, if you don’t press any other button, all the Demo Songs will be played back.

Choose a page using the PAGE buttons. There are two different pages in the Demo mode.

Select a Demo Song by pressing the corresponding VOLUME/VALUE button around the display. The Demo will automatically start.

Stop the Demo by pressing START/STOP. Exit the Demo mode by pressing one of the MODE but-

tons.

THE MUSIC STAND

A music stand comes standard with your Pa50. Fit it into the two dedicated holes in the back panel.

Front panel

3. FRONT PANEL

123 4

7890ABC

EF GHIJ

K LMNO d e f

[

`a b

Front panel

1 MASTER VOLUME

This slider controls the overall volume of the instrument, both of the internal speakers, the L/MONO and RIGHT outputs, and the HEADPHONES output.

Warning: At the maximum level, with rich-sounding Songs, Styles or Programs, the internal speakers could distort during signal peaks. Should this happen, lower the Master Volume a little.

2 ACC/SEQ VOLUME

This slider controls the accompaniment tracks volume (Style Play mode) or the Song tracks volume, excluding the Realtime tracks (Song and Song Play modes). This is a relative control, whose effective maximum value is determined by the MASTER VOLUME slider position.

3 ASSIGN.SLIDER

This is a freely programmable slider (see “Sld (Slider)” on page 126). By default, it acts as the Keyboard Expression control, to let you balance the relative volume of the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

4 MODE section

Each of these buttons recalls one of the operating modes of the instrument. Each mode excludes the others.

STYLE PLAY

Style Play mode, where you can play Styles (automatic accompaniments) and/or play up to four Realtime tracks on the keyboard.

In the main page, Realtime (Keyboard) tracks are shown on the right half of the display. You can reach the main page by pressing EXIT from any of the Style Play edit pages. If you are in a different operating mode, press STYLE PLAY to recall the Style Play mode. If the TRACK SELECT LED is on, press TRACK SELECT to turn it off and see the Realtime tracks.

This operating mode is automatically selected when turning the instrument on.

SONG PLAY

Song Play mode, where you can playback 16track Songs in Standard Midi File (SMF) format directly from disk. You can play “.MID” and “.KAR” ﬁles directly from the ﬂoppy disk. Since the Pa50 is equipped with two sequencers, you can even play two Songs at the same time, and mix them with the BALANCE slider.

In addition to the Song tracks, you can play one to four Realtime (Keyboard) tracks, along with the Song(s). In the main page, Realtime (Keyboard) tracks are shown on the right half of the display. You can reach the main page by pressing EXIT from any of the Song Play edit pages. If you are in a different operating mode, press SONG PLAY to recall the Song Play mode. If the TRACK SELECT LED is on or ﬂashing, press TRK SELECT one or two times to turn it off and see the Realtime tracks.

B.SEQ Backing Sequence mode, where you can record

a new Song based on the Realtime and Style tracks, and save it as a new Standard MIDI File.

SONG Song mode, where you can play, record, or edit

a Song.

PROGRAM Program mode, to play single Sound Programs

on the keyboard, or edit them.

DEMO Press the STYLE PLAY and SONG PLAY but-

tons together to select the Demo mode. This mode lets you listen to some Demo Songs, to let you hear the sonic power of the Pa50.

5 GLOBAL

This button recalls the Global edit environment, where you can execute various global settings. This edit environment overlaps any operating mode, that still remains active in the background. Press EXIT to go back to the underlying operating mode.

6 DISK

This button recalls the Disk edit environment, where you can execute various operations on ﬁles and disks (Load, Save, Format, etc…). This edit environment overlaps any operating mode, that still remains active in the background. Press EXIT to go back to the underlying operating mode.

7 MEMORY (TIE)

This button turns the Lower and Chord Memory functions on or off. Go to the “Page 24 - Preferences: controls” edit page (Style Play mode, see page 50) to decide if this button should be a Chord Memory only, or a Lower/Chord Memory button. When it works as a Lower/Chord Memory:

ON The sound on the left of the split point, and the

chord for the automatic accompaniment, are kept in memory even when you raise your hand from the keyboard.

OFF The sound and chords are released as soon as

you raise your hand from the keyboard.

This button doubles as a TIE function for the Song mode

(see chapter 13).

8 BASS INVERSION (REST)

This button turns the Bass Inversion function on or off. ON The lowest note of a chord played in inverted

form will always be detected as the root note of the chord. Thus, you can specify to the arranger composite chords such as Am7/G or “F/C”.

OFF The lowest note is scanned together with the

other chord notes, and is not always considered as the root note.

This button doubles as a REST function for the Song mode

(see chapter 13).

9 MANUAL BASS

This button turns the Manual Bass function on or off.

Note: When you press the MANUAL BASS button, the Bass track volume is automatically set to the maximum value. The volume is automatically set back to the original value when the MANUAL BASS button is deactivated.

Front panel

ON The automatic accompaniment stops playing

(apart for the Drum and Percussion tracks), and you can manually play the Bass track on the Lower part of the keyboard. You can start the automatic accompaniment again by pressing one of the CHORD SCANNING buttons.

OFF The bass track is automatically played by the

Style.

0 SPLIT POINT (<)

Keep this button pressed to open the Split Point window. While this window is open, you can set the split point, simply by playing the split point note on the keyboard. Then, release the SPLIT POINT button.

To memorize the selected split point note, press the GLOBAL button, then press WRITE to save the Global in memory (see “The Write window” on page 125).

This button doubles as a PREVIOUS EVENT function for

the Backing Sequence and Song modes (see chapters 12 and

13).

A G.QUANTIZE (>)

Press this button to open the Groove Quantize window, where you can select a realtime groove quantization to be applied to the Song (only Sequencer 1). See “Groove Quantize window” on page 71.

This button doubles as a NEXT EVENT function for the

Backing Sequence and Song modes (see chapters 12 and 13).

B TEMPO (= LOCK)

This button turns the Tempo Lock function on or off. ON When you select a different Style or Perfor-

mance, the tempo doesn’t change. You can still change it using the DIAL or the TEMPO buttons.

OFF When you select a different Style or Perfor-

mance, the memorized tempo value is automatically selected.

C SINGLE TOUCH

This button turns the Single Touch function on or off. ON When a different Style (or the same again) is

selected, a Single Touch Setting (STS1) is automatically selected, meaning that the Realtime tracks and effects will change, together with the Style tracks and effects.

OFF When you select a different Style (or the same

again), the Style tracks and effects are changed, while the Realtime tracks are not changed.

D STYLE section (NUMERIC KEYPAD)

Use these buttons to open the Style Select window and select a Style. See “Selecting a Style” on page 26.

The leftmost button lets you select the upper or lower row of Style banks. Press it repeatedly to select one of the rows. (After both LEDs have turned on, press the button again to turn them off).

UPPER LED ON

Upper-row Styles selected.

LOWER LED ON

Lower-row Styles selected.

A word about Style banks and names. Styles from “8/16 BEAT” to “WORLD 3”, and from “LATIN1” to “TRADITIONAL” are standard Styles, the user can’t normally overwrite with a Load operation (unless you remove the protection; see “Factory Style Protect” on page 142).

“DIRECT FD” Styles are Styles directly accessed from ﬂoppy disk (no need to load from disk). See “The DIRECT FD bank” on page 40.

Styles from “USER1” to “USER3” are location where you can load new Styles from disk.

Each button (Style bank) contains 2 pages, each with up to 8 Styles. Browse through the Styles using the PAGE buttons.

Shortcut to see the original bank for a Style. You can see the original bank where a Style is contained. Just keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press the lefmost button of the STYLE section. A message window will appear, showing the name of the original bank. Release the SHIFT button to exit the window.

Shortcut to see all pages of the selected bank. To cycle all pages for a selected bank, repeatedly press the bank’s button.

These buttons double as a numeric keypad on certain pages (see “Selecting a Song composing its progressive number” on page 70).

E FADE IN/OUT

When the Style is in stop, press this button to start it with a volume fade-in (the volume goes from zero to the maximum).

When the Style is in play, press this button to stop it with a volume fade-out (the volume gradually decreases).

You don’t need to press START/STOP to start or stop the Style.

F VARIATION 1-4 (NOTE LENGTH) buttons

Each of these buttons select one of the four variations of the current Style. Each variation can vary in patterns and sounds.

These buttons double as a NOTE LENGTH function for the Song mode (see chapter 13).

G FILL 1-2 (NOTE LENGTH) buttons

These two buttons trigger a ﬁll-in. Press them twice (LED blinking) to let them play in loop, and select any other Style element (Fill, Intro, Variation…) to exit the loop.

They also double as a NOTE LENGTH function for the Song mode (see chapter 13).

H COUNT IN / BREAK

While the Style is not running, press this button, then press START/STOP. This combination triggers a one-bar initial count, then the Style starts playing.

While the Style is already in play, this button triggers a break (an empty measure beginning with a kick + crash shot). Press it twice to let it play in loop, and select any other Style element (Fill, Intro, Variation…) to exit the loop.

I ENDING 1-2 (DOT, TRIPLET) buttons

While the Style is running, these two buttons trigger an Ending, and stop the Style. Press one of them, and the Style will stop running with an Ending. If pressed while the Style is stopped, they act as an additional couple of Intros.

Front panel

Press them twice (LED blinking) to let them play in loop, and select any other Style element (Fill, Intro, Variation…) to exit the loop.

ENDING1 also doubles as a DOT function, and ENDING2 doubles as a TRIPLET function, to be used in Song mode (see chapter 13).

Note: Ending 1 plays a short sequence with different chords, while Ending 2 plays on the last recognized chord.

J INTRO 1-2 buttons

These two buttons set the arranger in Intro mode. After pressing one of these buttons, start the Style, and it will begin with the selected intro. The INTRO LED automatically goes off at the end of the intro.

Press them twice (LED blinking) to let them play in loop, and select any other Style element (Fill, Intro, Variation…) to exit the loop.

Note: Intro 1 plays a short sequence with different chords, while Intro 2 plays on the last recognized chord.

K START/STOP

Starts or stops the Style running.

You can reset all ‘frozen’ notes and controllers on the Pa50 and any instrument connected to its MIDI OUT, by using the “Panic” key combination. Just press SHIFT + START/STOP to stop all notes and reset all controllers.

L SYNCHRO START / STOP (DELETE)

This button turns the Synchro Start and Synchro Stop functions on or off. Press it repeatedly to turn the functions on or off. The LEDs cycle in this order: START ➛ START+STOP ➛ OFF.

START LED ON

When this LED is lit, just play a chord in the chord recognition area (usually under the split point, see “CHORD SCANNING section” on page 17) to automatically start the Style running. If you like, you can turn one of the INTROs on before starting the Style.

START+STOP LEDs ON

When both LEDs are lit, raising your hand from the keyboard momentarily stops the Style running. If you play a chord again, the Style starts again.

OFF All Synchro functions are turned off.

This button doubles as a DELETE function for the Backing

Sequence and Song modes (see chapters 12 and 13). It is also used to delete the selected character, during text

editing.

M TAP TEMPO/RESET (INSERT)

This is a double-function button, acting in a different way depending on the Style status (stop/play).

Tap Tempo: When the Style is not playing, you can “beat” the tempo on this button. At the end, the accompaniment starts playing, using the “tapped in” tempo.

Reset: When you press this button while the Style is in play, the Style pattern goes back to the previous strong beat.

This button doubles as a INSERT function for the Backing

Sequence and Song modes (see chapters 12 and 13). It is also used to insert a character at the cursor position, dur-

ing text editing.

N WRITE/DISK IN USE

In Style Play mode, this button opens the Write window, that lets you save all the tracks onto a Performance, the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks in a Single Touch Setting (STS), or the accompaniment tracks onto a Style Performance. (See “The Write window” on page 42).

In the Global edit environment, press it to save Global parameters in memory. (See “The Write window” on page 125).

This button’s LED doubles as a DISK IN USE indicator,

ﬂashing when the ﬂoppy disk drive is in use.

O ENSEMBLE

This button turns the Ensemble function on or off. When on, the right-hand melody is harmonized with the left-hand chords.

Note: The Ensemble function works only when the keyboard is in SPLIT mode, and the LOWER Chord Scanning mode selected.

P RECORD

This button sets the instrument in Record mode (depending on the current operating mode).

Q MENU

This button opens the Menu page for the current operating mode or edit environment. After opening a menu, you can jump to one of the edit pages by pressing the corresponding VOLUME/VALUE buttons; or browse them using the PAGE buttons. Otherwise, go back to the main page of the current operating mode, or close the edit environment, by pressing the EXIT button.

See the relevant chapter devoted to each operating mode or edit environment, to see their “maps” in detail.

R PAGE -/+

After pressing MENU to open a menu, use these buttons to browse the edit pages of an operating mode or editing environment. Press EXIT to go back from an edit page to the main page of the current operating mode, or to close the Global or Disk edit environment.

In addition, you can use these buttons to select a different page in a Style Select or Program Select window.

Front panel

S VOLUME/VALUE (MUTE) A-H buttons

Within this user’s manual, each button pair is marked with an alphabetic letter (A-H). See “Display and User Interface” on page 19 for more details.

A B C D

A corresponding track name is printed over each button pair. These names show the corresponding track the button pair affects in the main page of the Style Play mode.

• The left half is for the main page, where you can see the Realtime tracks, and the Style tracks grouped together:

• The right half is for the Style tracks page, where you can see each of the accompaniment tracks:

See “Symbols and Icons” on page 21. Use these buttons to execute various operations on the com-

mands and functions appearing in the display. SELECTING

VOLUME While you are in the main pages of any operat-

MUTE Press both buttons in a pair to mute the corre-

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E F

Use each button pair to select the corresponding item in the display (i.e. a track, a parameter or a command). Use either the left or right button in a pair.

ing mode, select a track and use these buttons to change the track’s volume. Use the left button to decrease it, or the right button to increase it.

sponding track. Press both buttons again to unmute the track.

SOLO While in the Style Play, Song Play and

Song modes, you can solo one of the tracks. Just keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press both VOLUME/VALUE buttons corresponding to the track you wish to solo.

To exit the solo mode, keep the SHIFT button pressed again, and press both VOLUME/ VALUE buttons corresponding to the soloed track.

VALUE Use each button pair to change the corre-

sponding parameter’s value. The left button decreases the value, the right button increases it.

T TRACK SELECT

Depending on the operating mode, this button switches between the various tracks view.

STYLE PLAY MODE

Switches between the Realtime tracks and the Style tracks.

SONG PLAY MODE

Switches between the main page (showing the Realtime/Keyboard tracks), Song tracks 1-8, and Song tracks 9-16.

SONG MODE

Switches between the main page, Song tracks

1-8 and Song tracks 9-16. The TRACK SELECT LED shows the current page view: Off Main page (Realtime tracks, or Song controls) On 2nd page (Style tracks, or Song tracks 1-8) Flashing 3rd page (Song tracks 9-16)

U SINGLE TOUCH SETTING (F1-F4 FUNCTION KEYS)

buttons

While in the main page of the Style Play or Backing Sequence mode, these buttons select a Single Touch Setting each. Each of the Styles includes a maximum of four Single Touch Settings (STS), to automatically conﬁgure the Realtime tracks and effects at the touch of a ﬁnger. When the SINGLE TOUCH LED is lit, an STS is automatically selected when selecting a Style.

In Edit mode, these buttons double as function keys, to

select the corresponding items in the display.

V SHIFT

With this button held down, pressing certain other buttons accesses to a second function.

W TEMPO/VALUE section

The DIAL and the DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons can be used to control the Tempo, assign a different value to the selected parameter in the display or scroll a list of ﬁles in the Song Select and Disk pages. The VALUE LED shows the status of this section.

DIAL Turn the dial clockwise to increase the value or

tempo. Turn it counter-clockwise to decrease

the value or tempo.

When used while pressing the SHIFT button, this control always acts as a Tempo control.

Front panel

DOWN/- and UP/+

DOWN/- decreases the value or tempo; UP/+ increases the value or tempo.

Keep the SHIFT button pressed down, and press either the DOWN/- or UP/+ button to reset the Tempo to the value memorized onto the selected Style.

X VALUE LED

This LED shows the status of the DIAL and DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons.

ON The DIAL and DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons act

as Value controls, to change the value of the selected parameter in the display.

OFF The DIAL and DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons

control the Tempo.

Y EXIT/NO

Use this button to perform various actions, leaving from the current status:

• exit a dialog box

• answer “No” to any question that appears in the display

• exit the Menu window

• go back to the main page of the current operating mode

• exit the Global or Disk edit environment, and go back to the main page of the current operating mode

• exit from a Style, Performance or Program Select window

Z ENTER/YES

Use this button to perform various actions, agreeing the current selected status:

• answer “Yes” to any question that appears in the display

• conﬁrm a command

[ DISPLAY HOLD

This button turns the Display Hold function on or off. ON When you open a temporary windows (like the

Program Select window), it remains in the display until you press EXIT/NO or an operating mode button.

OFF Any temporary window closes after a certain

time, or after selecting an item in the window.

\ CHORD SCANNING section

In Style Play and Backing Sequence mode, use these buttons to deﬁne the way chords are recognized by the arranger.

LOWER Chords are detected below the split point. The

number of notes you should play to form a chord is deﬁned by the Chord Scanning Mode parameter (see “Chord Recognition Mode” on page 50).

UPPER Chords are detected above the split point. You

must always play three or more notes to let the arranger recognize a chord.

FULL (both LEDs on)

Chords are detected on the full keyboard range. You must always play three or more notes to let the arranger recognize a chord.

OFF No chords detected. After pressing START/

STOP, only the Drum and Percussion accompaniment tracks can play.

] KEYBOARD MODE section

These buttons deﬁne how the four Keyboard (or Realtime) tracks are positioned on the keyboard.

SPLIT The Lower track plays below the split point,

while the Upper 1, Upper 2 and Upper 3 tracks play above it. By default, selecting this keyboard mode automatically selects the Lower chord scanning mode (see “Chord Recognition Mode” on page 50).

FULL UPPER

The Upper 1, Upper 2 and/or Upper 3 tracks play on the whole keyboard range. The Lower track does not play. By default, selecting this keyboard mode automatically selects the Full chord scanning mode (see “Chord Recognition Mode” on page 50).

` STYLE CHANGE

This button turns the Style Change function on or off. ON When you select a Performance, the Style

could change, according to which Style number is memorized onto the Performance.

OFF When you select a Performance, the Style and

Style track settings remain unchanged. Only Realtime (Keyboard) tracks settings are changed.

a PERFORM.

Press this button to use the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section to select a Performance.

b PROGRAM

Press this button to use the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section to select a Program, and assign it to the selected track.

c PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section

Use these buttons to open the Program Select or Performance Select window, and select a Program or a Performance. See “Selecting a Program” on page 26, or “Selecting a Performance” on page 25. For a list of available Programs, see “Programs (Program Change order)” on page 154.

The leftmost button selects the upper or lower row of Program or Performance banks. Press it repeatedly to select one of the rows. (After both LEDs have consecutively turned on, press the button again to turn them off).

UPPER LED ON

Upper row of Programs or Performances selected.

LOWER LED ON

Lower row of Programs or Performances selected.

On the front panel, Program banks are identiﬁed by the instrument names, while Performance banks are identiﬁed by numbers (1-10; 0=bank 10).

A note about Program banks and names. Programs from “PIANO” to “SFX” are standard Programs, the user can’t directly modify.

Front panel

Programs “USER1” and “USER2” are locations where you can load new Programs from disk.

“USER DK” is where you can load new drum kits. Each Program bank contains various pages, each with up to 8

Programs. You can browse them using the PAGE buttons.

Shortcut to see the original bank for a Performance or Program. You can see the original bank where a Performance or

Program is contained. Just keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press the lefmost button of the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section. A message window will appear, showing the name of the original bank. Release the SHIFT button to exit the window.

Shortcut to see all pages of the selected bank. To cycle all pages for a selected bank, repeatedly press the bank’s button.

d PADS (1-4, STOP)

These programmable pads can be used to trigger a sound effect. Use the STOP button to stop a cyclic sound. (See “List of sounds assignable to the Pads” on page 226).

Each Pad corresponds to a dedicated Pad track.

e TRANSPOSE

These buttons transpose the whole instrument in semitone steps (Master Transpose). The transposition value is shown (as a note name) on the top right of the display.

Press both buttons together, to reset the Master Transpose to zero.

Note: The Master Transpose has no effect on tracks set to Drum mode (and, even if set in a different status, on the Drum and Percussion tracks). See “Page 14 - Track: Mode” on page 46, and “Page 7 - Track: Mode” on page 78.

 Lowers the Master Transpose a semitone.  Raises the Master Transpose a semitone.

f OCTAVE

These buttons transpose the selected track in steps of a whole octave (12 semitones; max ±2 octaves). The transposition value is shown (in octaves) on the top right area of the display.

Press both buttons together, to reset the Octave Transpose to zero.

Note: The Octave Transpose has no effect on tracks set to Drum mode (and, even if set in a different status, on the Drum and Percussion tracks).

– Lowers the selected track an octave. + Raises the selected track an octave.

g BALANCE slider

In Song Play mode, this slider balances the volume of the two on-board sequencers. When fully on the left, only the Sequencer 1 can be heard. When fully on the right, only the Sequencer 2 can be heard. When in the middle, both sequencers play at full volume.

h SEQUENCER TRANSPORT CONTROLS - SEQ1 and

SEQ2

The instrument is equipped with two sequencers (Sequencer 1 and Sequencer 2), each with its own set of transport controls.

<< and >> Rewind and Fast Forward commands. If you

use them while the Song is in play, they make it scroll back or forward.

When pressed once, these buttons move the Song to the previous or following measure. When kept pressed, they make the Song scrolling continuously, until you release them.

In Jukebox mode (Sequencer 1), keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press these buttons to scroll to the previous or next Song in the Jukebox list (see “Page 9 - Jukebox” on page 79).

PAUSE Pauses the Song at the current position. Press

PAUSE or PLAY/STOP to start the Song playing again.

PLAY/STOP Starts or stops the current Song. When you

stop the Song, the Song Position goes back to measure 1.

In Song Play mode, pressed while keeping SHIFT pressed, starts both sequencers at the same time.

Display and User Interface

Display controls

4. DISPLAY AND USER INTERFACE

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Disk:Load

The display shows the current status of the Pa50 and its performance and editing parameters. You can select each parameter by using the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons on the side of the display, or each page command appearing along

Status icons area

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A B C D

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the last line using the F1-F4 buttons. You can vary many of the parameter’s values by pressing the left (-) or right (+) button of any VOLUME/VALUE pair.

E F

Style (accompaniment/backing) tracks

DISPLAY CONTROLS

VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons and display parameters. These buttons are used to select the corresponding

parameter or command in the display, to change the parameter’s value, or to change the volume of the corresponding track.

While you are in the main page, these buttons can select a track, change the track’s volume, or mute/unmute a track.

See “VOLUME/VALUE (MUTE) A-H buttons” on page 16 for more information.

F1-F4 buttons. When in an Edit page, these buttons may be used when there are four parameters in a row, as in the following example:

Mixer:FX Send

- - - - - - C:100 D:050 A:127 B:020 C:100 D:050

- - - - - - C:100 D:050 C:100 D:050

First, select the line using a VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) button. Then, select a column using the F1-F4 function key.

Realtime (Keyboard) tracks

In the Disk edit environment, the F1-F4 buttons can be used also to select one of the page commands appearing in the last line of the display.

See “SINGLE TOUCH SETTING (F1-F4 FUNCTION KEYS) buttons” on page 16 for more information.

PAGE. The PAGE buttons select the previous or following edit page. When selecting a Style or a Program, they select a different page of Styles or Programs. See “PAGE -/+” on page 15 for more information.

MENU. The MENU button opens the current operating mode or edit environment’s Menu. When in a Menu, you can use the VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select an edit section to jump to.

TRACK SELECT. Each of the operating modes have a different number of tracks:

Style Play 4 Realtime tracks, 8 Style tracks, 4 Pads. Song Play 4 Realtime tracks, 2 x 16 Song Tracks, 4 Pads.

Display and User Interface

Interface structure

Backing Sequence

4 Realtime tracks, 8 Style tracks, 4 Pads. Song 16 Song tracks. You can only see up to 8 tracks in the display. So, use the

TRACK SELECT button to switch to the other (hidden) tracks. For example, when in Style Play, you can use this button to switch from the Realtime tracks and the Style tracks.

INTERFACE STRUCTURE

Thanks to its multitasking operating system, the Pa50 user interface is structured in “overlapping”, active layers. From the lower level:

• operating modes (Style Play, Backing Sequence, Song

Play, Song, Program)

• edit environments (Global, Disk)

• selecting windows (Style Select, Song Select, Program

Select, Performance Select).

When opening an edit environment or a selecting page, the current operating mode is still working in the background.

Operating modes. (See diagram at the bottom of this page). At the lowest level, an operating mode is always active. The current operating mode is indicated by the lit LED on the STYLE PLAY, B.SEQ, SONG PLAY, SONG or PROGRAM button in the MODE section. The relevant icon lights up in the display. An operating mode is divided into a main page (the page where you usually play a Style, a Song or a Program), a menu, and a series of edit pages. Press MENU to access the Menu. Use the MENU and PAGE buttons to browse across the various edit pages. Press EXIT to go back to the main page.

Operating modes

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Main page Menu Edit pages

Style Play Menu

Mixer RT Ctrls Tuning Sty Ctrls Effects Input/Pad Track Edit Preferences

Mixer:Volume

|||||| 127 ||||| 090 ||||| 100 ||| | 092 |||||| 127 || || 086 |||||| 112

Display and User Interface

Message windows

Edit environment. (See diagram at the bottom of this page). When you press GLOBAL or DISK, an edit environment overlaps the current operating mode. Press EXIT to go back to the current operating mode. An edit environment is made up of a menu and a series of edit pages. Use the MENU and PAGE buttons to browse across the various edit pages.

Selecting windows. When you press one of the STYLE or PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE buttons, you open a selecting window. This window closes after selecting one of the items in it, or after pressing EXIT.

If the DISPLAY HOLD LED is light up, the window doesn’t close after selecting an item. Press EXIT to close the window, and go back to the underlying page.

MESSAGE WINDOWS

Sometimes, a message appears in the display, warning about an error or a wrong operation:

Not a Standard MIDI File

Press ENTER or EXIT to exit one of these windows. Other messages ask for an answer, as in the “Are you sure”

window below:

Realtime/Keyboard track (Upper 1-3, Lower).

Drum track (Style track view).

Percussion track (Style track view).

Grouped Drum and Percussion tracks.

Bass track (Style track view).

Grouped accompaniment tracks. This symbol indicates the ﬁve grouped accompaniment tracks (Acc1-5).

Accompaniment tracks (Style track view).

Sequencer tracks.

Selected track or parameter. When this symbol

appears, you can execute any available operation on the selected item.

(no icon) The track is in mute, and can’t play on the key-

board.

GRAYED-OUT NON-AVAILABLE PARAMETERS

Currently non-available parameters are now shown in “gray” in the display, i.e. with a “ghost” texture. Here is an example of a grayed-out parameter, compared to a normal parameter:

Press ENTER/YES for Yes, or EXIT/NO for No.

SYMBOLS AND ICONS

Many icons and symbols, on the custom display, show the status of a parameter or the display content.

Edit environment

Disk Menu

Load Format Save New Dir Copy Rename Erase Utilities

Disk:Load

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Text in solid black

Text in gray

Menu Edit pages

Rear panel

5. REAR PANEL

345678

1 AC POWER ADAPTER CONNECTOR

Plug the supplied power adapter into this connector.

2 POWER switch

Use this switch to turn the instrument on or off.

3 MIDI INTERFACE

The MIDI interface allows your Pa50 to be connected to an external controller (master keyboard, MIDI guitar, wind controller, MIDI accordion…), to an expander, or to a computer running a sequencer or an editor. For more information on how to use the MIDI interface, see the MIDI chapter.

IN This connector receives MIDI data from a

computer or a controller. Connect it to an

external controller’s or computer’s MIDI OUT. OUT This connector sends MIDI data generated by

Pa50’s keyboard, controllers, and/or the inter-

nal sequencer. Connect it to an expander’s or

computer’s MIDI IN. THRU This connector sends an exact copy of the data

received on the IN connector. Use it to cascade

the Pa50 with other MIDI instruments.

4 ASSIGNABLE PEDAL/FOOTSWITCH

Use this to connect a continuous or footswitch pedal, like the KORG EXP2 or XVP10. To program it, see “P/S (Pedal/ Switch)” on page 126.

5 DAMPER

Use this to connect a Damper pedal, like the KORG PS1, PS or DS1H. To change its polarity, see “Damper Pol. (Damper Polarity)” on page 126.

6 OUTPUTS

Use these unbalanced connectors to send the audio signal (sound) to a mixer, a PA system, a set of powered monitors, or your hi-ﬁ system. Set the output level with the MASTER VOLUME slider.

7 INPUT 1 and 2

Use these unbalanced connectors to input another keyboard/ synthesizer, a (non-powered) mixer’s output, or a CD/tape player (line impedance). The signal is automatically routed to the speakers, the Audio Outputs and the Phones.

8 PHONES

Use this connector to connect a pair of headphones. You can use headphones with an impedance of 16-200Ω (50Ω suggested). Use a headphone distributor to connect more than one pair of headphones.

BASIC GUIDE

Basic operations

Playing on the keyboard

6. BASIC OPERATIONS

PLAYING ON THE KEYBOARD

Just play on the keyboard. You will hear the Realtime tracks playing. There are four Realtime tracks: Upper 1-3 and Lower. They may play all at the same time, or just one or a few of them, depending on their Mute status. If you cannot hear a track, check the mute status of that part.

Tracks can be set in different ways: use the KEYBOARD MODE section to select the way they are conﬁgured on the keyboard.

• Press FULL UPPER to play the Upper 1-3 tracks on the

full range of the keyboard, just as you would on a piano.

Upper 1

Upper 2

Upper 3

• Press SPLIT to let the Upper 1-3 tracks play on the right

of the Split Point, and the Lower track on the left.

Upper 1

Lower

Upper 2

Upper 3

SELECTING, MUTING/UNMUTING AND SOLOING A TRACK

Selecting. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to

select a track.

A B C D

The selected track is shown with a solid square surrounding its status icons.

If you can’t see the track you are looking for, use the TRACK SELECT button to scroll up or down the tracks, and ﬁnd the hidden ones.

BossaNova |STS1

Drum/Perc Piano01 Bass01 Guitar01 Acc.1-5 StrngEns2 VoxPad1

Selected track

E F

Split Point

• Keep the SPLIT POINT button pressed, and play a note

to change the point where the keyboard is divided in an Upper and a Lower part.

Lower Upper

To memorize the selected split point note, press the GLOBAL button, then press WRITE to save the Global in memory (see “The Write window” on page 125).

Mute/unmute. Press both VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to mute or unmute a track. For example, if you are in the main page that appears after turning the instrument on, and you want to mute the Upper 1 track, press the E (UPPER1/ ACC2) buttons together.

The mute/play status is shown by the relevant icon in the display:

Play status; the track plays on the keyboard.

(no icon) Mute status; the track doesn’t play on the key-

board.

Solo. While in the Style Play, Song Play and Song modes, you can solo one of the tracks. Just keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press both VOLUME/VALUE buttons corresponding to the track you wish to solo.

To exit the solo mode, keep the SHIFT button pressed again, and press both VOLUME/VALUE buttons corresponding to the soloed track.

Basic operations

Selecting a Performance

SELECTING A PERFORMANCE

A Performance is a set of Programs and settings for the Keyboard and Style tracks, that makes selecting complex combinations live fast and easy. When the STYLE CHANGE LED is on, a Performance can also select a different Style.

It is always advisable to use Performances, rather than single Programs, when playing even a solo sound, since a Performance lets you select the right effects, transposition, plus many other parameters, together with the Programs.

Data type Parameters

Realtime Tracks

Style Tracks

Other “performance” parameters are saved in the Global.

Global Chord Recognition Mode, Memory Mode, Velocity

1. Press the PERFORM button. This changes the PRO-

GRAM/PERFORMANCE section into a Performance selector.

Upper 1, Upper 2, Upper 3, Lower

Drum, Percussion, Bass, Acc1, Acc2, Acc3, Acc4, Acc5,

Trigger, Lock

Master Transpose, Program, Volume, Pan, Octave, Scale, Detune, Pitch Bend, Poly/Mono/ Drum, Int/Ext, Damper, Dynamic Range, Joystick C&D Effect Send level, Type, Parameters Program parameters Pads

Program, Volume, Pan, Octave, Detune, Pitch Bend, Poly/Mono/Drum, Int/Ext, Wrap Around, Keyboard Range A&B Effect Send level, Type, Parameters Program parameters Drum Mapping, Kick&Snare Assignation

10, upper LED turned on), or the second row of ten banks (11-20, lower LED turned on).

3. Press one of the 1-0 buttons to select the PROGRAM/

PERFORMANCE bank containing the Performance you are looking for.

The Performance Select window appears. There are 8 Performances for each bank.

Last selected Performance

StereoGrand

StereoGrand Blue ClupPiano Legend ForrestStr MrJazz ResonPads OxydBrass

4. Select a Performance using the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H)

buttons.

5. If the DISPLAY HOLD LED is on, press EXIT to exit this

window.

The STYLE CHANGE button

When you select a Performance, the Style may or may not change, depending on the status of the STYLE CHANGE button. (When you save a Performance, the current Style number is always memorized).

• If the STYLE CHANGE LED is on, the Style memorized in the Performance will be selected.

• If the STYLE CHANGE LED is off, the Style doesn’t change.

2. Use the leftmost button of the PROGRAM/PERFOR-

MANCE section to select the ﬁrst row of ten banks (1-

Basic operations

Selecting a Program

SELECTING A PROGRAM

You can select a different Program (i.e., sound) to be played by a track. Before selecting a Program, you must select the track you want to assign the Program to.

Note: To assign different Programs to the Style tracks, press TRACK SELECT to see the Style tracks. If you select a Program while grouped tracks (Drum/Percussion or ACC) are selected, the Program will be assigned to the last selected track.

Each Style Element (Variations, Fills…) can have different Programs, so your selection might be automatically reset when selecting a different Element. To avoid this reset, see “Prog (Program)” on page 49.

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (E-H) buttons on the right

side of the display, to select the Realtime (Keyboard) track you wish to assign a different Program to.

A B C D

BossaNova |STS1

Drum/Perc Piano01 Bass01 Guitar01 Acc.1-5 StrngEns2 VoxPad1

E F

5. Browse all the Programs in the selected bank using the

PAGE buttons. There can be various pages for each bank, containing up to 8 Programs each.

6. As you ﬁnd the Program you are looking for, select it

using the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons.

7. If the DISPLAY HOLD LED is on, press EXIT to exit this

window.

SELECTING A STYLE

A Style is a set of rhythm and accompaniment patterns. You can select a Style from the internal memory, or from a ﬂoppy disk (see “The DIRECT FD bank” on page 40).

1. Use the leftmost STYLE button to select a row of Style

banks (upper, lower).

2. Select the STYLE bank containing the Style you are

looking for.

The Style Select window appears.

2. Press the PROGRAM button. This changes the PRO-

GRAM/PERFORMANCE section into a Program selector.

3. Use the leftmost PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE button

to select a row of Program banks (upper, lower).

4. Select the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE bank contain-

ing the Program you are looking for (Program banks are identiﬁed by instrument names).

The Program Select window appears. See “Programs (Program Change order)” on page 154 for a list of Factory Programs.

Last selected Program

Selected track

Jazz Waltz 1

Mod.Swing1 Slow Blues Mod.Swing2 Cay Blues JazzWaltz1 St.LouisB JazzWaltz2 Big Band1

3. There are 2 pages for each bank, each containing 8

Styles. Select a page using the PAGE buttons.

4. As you ﬁnd the Style you are looking for, select it using

the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons.

Note: The new Style will enter at the next strong beat.

5. If the DISPLAY HOLD LED is on, press EXIT to exit this

window.

The SINGLE TOUCH button

When you select a Style, the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks can be changed or not.

• If the SINGLE TOUCH LED is on, the Single Touch Setting (STS) #1 is automatically selected, and the Realtime tracks are changed. Programs, and the Keyboard Mode, may change.

• If the SINGLE TOUCH LED is off, Realtime tracks don’t change.

Piano T:U1

Piano1 E.Piano2 Piano2 E.Piano3 Piano3 Harpsi E.Piano1 Clavinet

Basic operations

Selecting a Single Touch Setting (STS)

SELECTING A SINGLE TOUCH SETTING (STS)

A Single Touch Setting (STS) contains Realtime (Keyboard) tracks’ settings. Four STS are included in each Style, and can be recalled by pressing the SINGLE TOUCH SETTING (F1F4) buttons under the display.

Note: You can select a STS only when you are in the main page of the Style Play or Backing Sequence operating mode.

CHANGING ALL KEYBOARD TRACKS AT ONCE

Select a Performance or a Single Touch Setting (F1-F4 buttons, when you are in the Style Play main page) to change keyboard Programs and effects at the touch of a button.

PLAYING A SONG FROM FLOPPY DISK

1. Insert the ﬂoppy disk containing the Song into the

ﬂoppy disk drive.

2. Press the SONG PLAY button to access the Song Play

mode.

No song

S1: Piano01 S2: Guitar01 Lyrics StrngEns2 VoxPad1

3. Press the A (S1:) VOLUME/VALUE button to open the

Song Select window.

Song Selection

CLUB | BALLADS 0001 MYSONG.MID | FD SELECT OPEN CLOSE

Page commands

Note: You can access the Song Select window also by pressing the PAGE+ button from the main page. You can exit this window either by pressing EXIT or PAGE-.

4. Press the F1 button to select the ﬂoppy disk drive (FD).

The disk content appears.

5. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls, or the VOLUME/

VALUE (E-H) buttons to scroll the list. The E-F buttons are the Scroll Up ( ), while the G-H buttons are the Scroll Down ( ). Move the ﬁle you are looking for to the ﬁrst line of the display.

6. If the ﬁle you are

looking for is in a

0001 MYSONG.MID

folder (a ﬁle whose

name begins with “ ”), move the folder to the ﬁrst line in the display, then select the F3 (OPEN) command.

Select the F4 (CLOSE) command to close a folder and go back to the upper level.

7. When the ﬁle you are looking for is in the ﬁrst line of the

display, press the F2 (SELECT) button.

8. When the Song appears in

the S1 line on the main page

S1:MySong

of the Song Play mode, press the left (SEQ 1) PLAY/STOP button to start the playback.

Note: If the BALANCE slider is all the way to the right, Sequencer 1 is at the minimum volume and can’t be heard.

9. If you wish to play a different Song on the Sequencer 2

at the same time, press the B (S2:) VOLUME/VALUE button (press it twice if a Song is already selected for Sequencer 2), and repeat the above procedure to select a Song for Sequencer 2. Use the right (SEQ 2) PLAY/ STOP button to start/stop the second Song. Use the BALANCE cursor to mix between Sequencer 1 and Sequencer 2.

10. Stop the Song(s) using the PLAY/STOP button for the

corresponding Sequencer.

SHORTCUT TO SEE THE ORIGINAL BANK FOR A STYLE, PERFORMANCE OR PROGRAM

You can see the original bank where your Style, Performance or Program came from. Just keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press the lefmost button of the STYLE or PROGRAM/ PERFORMANCE section. A message window will appear, showing the name of the original bank.

Release the SHIFT button to exit the window.

Tutorial

1 - Playing in realtime

7. TUTORIAL

This chapter is fully devoted to step-by-step instructions, that we hope may be useful to learn the basics—on-ﬁeld.

1 - PLAYING IN REALTIME

As soon as you turn your Pa50 on, it is in Style Play mode, and you can play it in realtime. Please follow me…

1 Play on the keyboard.

When you turn the Pa50 on, Performance 1-1 (“StereoGrand”) is automatically selected. This sets the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks for you. In this case (unless someone modiﬁed this Performance earlier) you get the Upper 1 track playing on the full keyboard range, with the Grand Piano Program selected.

You may know there are four available Realtime tracks: Upper 1-3 and Lower. Upper Realtime tracks may play on the full range of the keyboard (the selected KEYBOARD MODE shall be FULL UPPER). Otherwise, the Lower track plays on the left of the Split Point, and the Upper tracks on the right (KEYBOARD MODE shall be SPLIT).

If you are not satisﬁed with this setting at startup, just select another Performance. Or change the track’s settings—as you will see in this tutorial—and save them into Performance 1-1. You’ll soon see how to do it.

2 Select a different Performance.

Is the PERFORM. LED switched on?

the pointing arrow. You will hear the Dark Pad Program play together with the Grand Piano.

SoftBeat |STS1

Drum/Perc GrandPiano Bass01 DarkPad Acc.1-5 StrngEns2 AnalogStr

Press the F VOLUME/VALUE buttons

5 Press SPLIT on the KEYBOARD MODE section,

and play.

Now, the keyboard is split in two parts: the Lower part on the left, and the Upper part on the right. The AnalogStr Program is playing on the Lower part, while the Grand Piano and the Dark Pad are playing on the Upper part.

6 Set the split point.

Not happy with the current split point? Keep the SPLIT POINT button held down, and play the new split point on the keyboard. You can even save this setting in memory (see “The Write window” on page 125).

7 Mute/unmute various tracks.

Press both H VOLUME/VALUE buttons. You will mute the Lower track.

If so, press one of the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE buttons, and select a Performance with the VOLUME/VALUE buttons (on the side of the display).

StereoGrand

StereoGrand Blue ClupPiano Legend ForrestStr MrJazz ResonPads OxydBrass

Select a Performance with the VOLUME/VALUE buttons

Go on trying with the different Performances. We provided 160 of them for you.

3 Select Performance 1-1 (“Grand Piano”) again.

As above: press Performance bank 1, and use the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select Performance 1-1.

4 Unmute the Upper 2 track.

Press both F VOLUME/VALUE buttons. The Upper 2 track will be selected and unmuted. The Play icon will appear, surrounded by the “selected track” frame and accompanied by

SoftBeat |STS1

Drum/Perc GrandPiano Bass01 DarkPad Acc.1-5 StrngEns2 AnalogStr

Press the H VOLUME/VALUE buttons

Press them again to unmute the Lower track. Try also with the Upper tracks, using the E, F and G VOL-

UME/VALUE buttons. You will notice the sound becomes more or less fuller-sounding, depending on the number of tracks muted or unmuted.

SoftBeat |STS1

Drum/Perc GrandPiano Bass01 DarkPad Acc.1-5 StrngEns2 AnalogStr

Press the E-G VOLUME/VALUE buttons

Tutorial

2 - Playing a Style

8 Set the relative volume of the Realtime tracks.

Use each E-H VOLUME/VALUE button pair to set the volume of the Realtime tracks. Press one of the VOLUME/ VALUE button to select a track. Then press the right one to increase the volume, the left one to lower it.

Press the left one to lower…

…and the right one to raise.

9 Press FULL UPPER on the KEYBOARD MODE sec-

tion, and play.

Again, the Upper tracks can play across the full keyboard range.

0 Save your track conﬁguration in a Performance.

That’s all! When you ﬁnd the right sound, you can press the WRITE button to save the track conﬁguration into a Performance, a Single Touch Setting (STS), or a Style Performance. The Performance is a handy idea for saving Realtime tracks. See “The Write window” on page 42 for more information.

2 - PLAYING A STYLE

A Style will be your virtual band in your best solos. Select one of the 304 Styles we ﬁtted in this machine…

1 OK, select your favorite musical Style.

There are plenty of Styles to choose from. We will go with a Jazz Style—the “Jazz Brush”. Let’s come on.

Select the second row of Styles. Press the leftmost STYLE button to switch the lower LED on.

Now, you are free to press button number 4, called “JAZZ 1”. The Style Select window appears.

SoftBeat

JazzBrush JazzWaltz1 Med.Swing JazzWaltz2 SlowSwing 5/4 Swing SwingBallad Mood Swing

Press one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select “Jazz Brush”.

2 Call an Intro.

You can engage an Intro, to be played before the Style. Press INTRO1 or INTRO2. The former plays more freely, without letting you decide of the chords. The latter lets you play a chord progression during its playing.

3 Start the Style!

Play a chord, and press the START/STOP button. Then begin playing. Usually (when the SPLIT LED is on) chords are recognized under the split point, i.e. on the Lower part of the keyboard. With the UPPER or FULL Chord Scanning mode, you must play three or more notes to have a chord recognized.

4 Play your chords and your melody.

Go on playing. As you may notice, Pa50 features a very sophisticate chord recognition engine. Recognized chords are shown in the display.

5 Make a break—or should we say “a ﬁll”?

During your playing, you are free to call a one-bar break. Try it:

PRESS BREAK

Do you see? Music stopped for one bar. Then, it is back again. After a while, let’s go for something different…

PRESS FILL1 OR FILL2

No silence, this time. Pa50 plays a complex passage to let you take a breath. FILL1 is the simpler one, where the FILL2 is the more sophisticate. Usually, you will touch FILL1 when playing with Variations 1 and 2 (the most easy), FILL2 when in business with Variations 3 and 4 (more complex ones).

Tutorial

3 - Playing a Song

6 Select other Variations.

There are four VARIATION buttons. These are four different versions of the same Style. Try them all!

You can go to a Variation after a Fill. Just press a FILL button, then, immediately after, a VARIATION button.

7 Stop it!

OK, you could say: “O, that’s easy, I know how to do it, I can just press that big red START/STOP button again”.

Yes, you are perfectly right. But that’s only the easy way. Let us suggest a different way:

PRESS ENDING1 OR ENDING2

An ending is instantaneously called, and will begin playing, to led the Style to a colorful end. As usual, ENDING1 is preprogrammed, while ENDING2 asks for your chord progression.

In Sync

A guy from the end of the classroom stands up asking: “Huh, Sir, and what if I want to avoid all that START/STOP

thing? I mean, I prefer to have my hands free for music!” Good point. The SYNCHRO button is there right for this.

1 While the Style is stopped, press the SYN-

CHRO button.

The SYNCHRO-START LED begins ﬂashing on. The Synchro Start function is enabled.

2 Play a chord on the keyboard.

You must play a chord for the chord recognition engine. Usually, it will be on the left of the split point, but it depends on the CHORD SCANNING section.

The Style starts.

3 Stop the Style as you better prefer.

You know how to do, isn’t it?

Need more information?

Go to “Style Play operating mode” on page 40. The Reference Guide includes all the information you need.

3 - PLAYING A SONG

Nothing easier than playing a Song on the Pa50. You don’t have even to load it from disk.

1 Move the BALANCE slider to the center.

This sets both onboard sequencers at the same level.

2 Insert the ﬂoppy disk containing the Song into

the disk drive.

Make sure your disk is DOS formatted. This is the typical Window format, and you can make a disk of this type also on the Mac, by selecting the “DOS” option when initializing a disk.

3 Press the SONG PLAY button to access the Song

Play mode.

This is the display:

No song

S1: Piano01 S2: Guitar01 Lyrics StrngEns2 VoxPad1

4 Select a Song.

Another easy task. Press the A (S1:) VOLUME/VALUE button to open the Song Select window.

Song Selection

CLUB | BALLADS 0001 MYSONG.MID | FD SELECT OPEN CLOSE

Press the F1 button to select the ﬂoppy disk drive. The list of ﬁles on disk appears. Songs are ﬁles with the “.MID” or “.KAR” extension. Pa50 ﬁlters all other ﬁle types out for you.

Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls, or the VOLUME/VALUE (E-H) buttons to scroll the list. The E-F buttons are the Scroll Up ( ), while the G-H buttons are the Scroll Down ( ).

Move the Song to play to the ﬁrst line of the display. Then press the F2 (SELECT) button.

5 Press PLAY/STOP (SEQ1).

The playback begins.

6 If you like, select a Song for the Sequencer 2.

Press the B (S2:) VOLUME/VALUE button, and repeat the above procedure to select the Song for Sequencer 2. Use the right (SEQ 2) PLAY/STOP button to start/stop the second Song. Use the BALANCE cursor to mix between Sequencer 1 and Sequencer 2.

7 Take a pause.

Press PAUSE to stop the playback without going back to measure 1. The PAUSE LED begins ﬂashing.

Press PAUSE again to resume the playback.

Tutorial

4 - Recording a Song

8 Stop it.

Sure, the Song automatically stops when reaching the end. But you can stop it before the end, just by pressing PLAY/ STOP again.

4 - RECORDING A SONG

The Backing Sequence mode is a fast and effective way of recording a new Song, making full use of the features of the Style Play mode. So, arm your recorder, and play live with the Styles—a song will be ready in seconds!

1 First, enter Backing Sequence mode

Press B.SEQ to access the Backing Sequence mode. The Realtime tracks, on the keyboard, will remain the same you selected in the Style Play mode.

BS:New Song

Load Song Metro:Off Save Song Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

Don’t worry about this display: it’s something you don’t need to learn at this point. You may ﬁnd more information on it, going to the Reference Guide (see “Backing Sequence operating mode” on page 82).

Sufﬁce you to know this is the Backing Sequence Play page, where you can load, play or save a Song.

2 Now, press RECORD.

You are prompted to select either the Realtime recording mode, or the Chord/Acc Step recording mode.

Record

Realtime Recording Chord/Acc Step Mode

1. Select one of the Style rows in the STYLE section, using

the leftmost button.

2. Select one of the Style Banks, by pressing one of the but-

tons of the STYLE section.

3. Select one of the pages, using the PAGE buttons.

4. Select a Style, using the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) but-

tons.

As you may guess, the Style Bank and number appear after the “Style” parameter in the display.

5 And what about changing the Performance or

Single Touch Setting?

As above, you should know the story (see “Selecting a Performance” on page 25, or “Selecting a Single Touch Setting (STS)” on page 27). But, here is a short recap for the Performances:

1. Press the PERFORM button to set the PROGRAM/PER-

FORMANCE section act as a Performance selector.

2. Select one of the Performance Banks, by pressing one of

the buttons of the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section.

3. Select a Performance, using the VOLUME/VALUE (A-

H) buttons.

…and for the Single Touch Settings (STS):

• Press one of the SINGLE TOUCH SETTING buttons.

6 Ok, now we can go.

As you see, both the RT track and the Ch/Acc track are in RECord mode. This means you can start recording all you play in a realtime performance with the Styles. So,

PRESS START/STOP

WAIT FOR THE PRECOUNT TO REACH BAR 1

AND BEGIN PLAYING!

7 Play as if you were playing live.

You can do exactly what you do when playing with the Styles: select a different Style, Performance, STS, different Variation, a Fill, and Ending…

You can even start your recording with an Intro: just press one of the INTRO buttons before pressing START/STOP to start recording.

3 Select the Realtime recording mode.

Simply press one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons. The Record page appears.

Rec:NewSong

Style:NewBossa 99% Perf:01-01 Metro:On1 Resol:HI RT/Pad:REC Sel.Tempo Ch/Acc:REC

4 If you think the selected Style is not what you

like for your backing tracks, select a different one.

Well, you should already know how to do it (see “Selecting a Style” on page 26). But here is a fast reminder:

8 Stop the Song.

To stop the Song, press either START/STOP or one of the ENDING buttons. The Song will stop, but the Recording will still be on. So, you can start with another Song to be recorded in the same session (go back to step 6, if you like).

Otherwise, ﬁnish the Recording, going to the next step.

9 Finish the recording.

All done, boys/girls? Yes? Fine! Then you may

PRESS PLAY/STOP (SEQ1)

and the Recording status will be gone. Both Backing Sequence tracks (RT and Ch/Acc) will be set to the PLAY status.

0 Listen to the Song.

When back in the Backing Sequence Play page, press PLAY/ STOP (SEQ1) to listen to the new Song. How smart were you?

Tutorial

5 - Editing a Song

If the Song is ﬁne, you can switch to the Song mode and do some editing. Or you can save it (as seen below), and play it in Song Play mode.

0 And… if I want to delete and record again one

of the tracks, or the whole Song?

That’s easy!

1. Press RECORD again to enter Record mode.

Rec:NewSong

Style:NewBossa 99% Perf:01-01 Metro:On1 Resol:HI RT/Pad:REC Sel.Tempo Ch/Acc:REC

2. Set the track to delete and record again to the REC sta-

tus.

3. Set the track you want to listen to during recording to

the PLAY status. If you don’t want to delete it, but you don’t want to listen to it, set the track to the MUTE status.

4. Start recording again. Anyway, if you are recording the

RT track, you can’t use the Style controls.

5. Press PLAY/STOP (SEQ1) to ﬁnish the Song and exit

Recording mode.

0 Time to save your Song, isn’t it?

If you don’t save your Song, it is lost when you turn the instrument off, or switch to the Song Play mode. So, save it on a disk. See “Save Song page” on page 84.

Need more information?

Go to “Backing Sequence operating mode” on page 82. The Reference Guide includes all the information you need.

5 - EDITING A SONG

You can edit a Song, either a Standard MIDI File bought at the shop, or one of your Songs made in Backing Sequence mode.

What about changing those boring General MIDI sounds with those gorgeous original KORG sounds? You can do it— in Song mode.

1 Press SONG to go to the Song mode.

This is the Song garage, where you may ﬁnd tools to reshape your Song.

New Song

Load Song Metro:Off Save Song Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

2 Insert in the disk drive the ﬂoppy disk contain-

ing the midiﬁle you wish to edit.

Midiﬁles are ﬁles generated by a computer sequencer or a musical instrument, usually after a conversion. For example, if working with a computer, you should ﬁnd a command whose name could sound a little like “Convert to .MID”. A midiﬁle has a “.MID” or “.KAR” extension.

3 Load the Song.

Press one of the B VOLUME/VALUE buttons (corresponding to the Load Song command). As expected, the Load page will appear.

Load Song

BALLADS | MYSONGS MYSONG.MID | FD LOAD OPEN CLOSE

If it is not yet selected, press F1 to select the FD (Floppy Disk) device.

Move the midiﬁle to load to the ﬁrst line of the display. Use the DIAL or the UP and DOWN buttons to scroll the list; or use the E-F (Scroll Up) or G-H (Scroll down) VOLUME/ VALUE buttons.

When the midiﬁle is on the ﬁrst line of the display, press F2 (Load) to load it. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm.

Note: When loading a Standard MIDI File, the ﬁrst MIDI events are converted to the Song Performance events. You will see them as the Programs, Volume, Pan, Effect settings assigned to the tracks.

Tutorial

5 - Editing a Song

4 Listen to the Song.

After loading you are back to the main page of the Song mode.

MySong

Load Song Metro:Off Save Song Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

Press PLAY/STOP (SEQ1) to listen to the Song. The LED on the button turns on.

Does it sound good? If it is a General MIDI-compatible midiﬁle, there is a good chance it does. But we can further improve on it.

5 Stop the Song.

This one is easy: press PLAY/STOP (SEQ1). The LED on the PLAY/STOP button turns off.

Please, always remember: make any changes to the Song when the sequencer is not playing. Otherwise, a Stop command will reset all your changes.

(Not funny, huh?)

6 Select different Programs.

You can replace General MIDI Programs with KORG Programs. It will sound more rich, more lively.

1. Press TRACK SELECT to see tracks 1-8. The LED turns

on.

MySong

Piano1 Piano1 DkStrings Guitar01 Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn VoxPad1

2. Select the track you wish to assign a different Program

using the VOLUME/VALUE buttons. Press one of the buttons corresponding to the track to select. For example, one of the A buttons to select track 1:

MySong

Piano1 Piano1 DkStrings Guitar01 Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn VoxPad1

3. Select a Program. You should know how to do. If not,

what about going back for a little to the “Basic operations” chapter, “Selecting a Program” section, page 26? It will be of a great help in the future…

Which Programs to choose? With >660 Programs, you will for sure ﬁnd your preferred sound. Just browse any Program bank, and listen to them. Turn on the DISPLAY HOLD LED, to stay in the Selecting Window until you have found the right Program. (Then, press EXIT or DISPLAY HOLD to exit the window.)

4. Execute as many changes as you like to the other tracks.

7 Change the volume.

Yes, this is another obvious change. Press MENU to open the edit menu.

Song Edit MENU

Mixer/Tun. Transp/Vel Effects Del/Cut-Ins Track Edit Copy Quantize Event Edit

Press one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons, to select the Mixer/Tuning item. Suddenly, a Volume edit page appears…

You are watching at tracks 1-8. You can switch to tracks 9-16 by pressing the TRACK SELECT button again.

MySong

Strings1 VocaEns DkStrings Bassi Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn Strings2

If you press TRACK SELECT again, you are back to the main page. Press TRACK SELECT AGAIN to go to tracks 1-8…

Mixer:Volume

|||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 092 |||| 090 |||| 086 |||| 090 ||||| 112

Select a track, and use the DIAL or the UP and DOWN buttons, or the VOLUME/VALUE buttons, to change the track’s volume.

Modify all tracks you think need to be modiﬁed.

Tutorial

6 - The Arabic Scale

8 Save the Song.

Your changes will be lost when you load a new Song, switch to the Song Play mode, or turn the instrument off. So, press EXIT to go back to the main page of the Song mode.

MySong

Load Song Metro:Off Save Song Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

Press one of the C VOLUME/VALUE buttons, to select the Save Song command. Save your Song with a new name. How to accomplish this simple operation is described in great details on page 90 (“Save Song page”).

Note: When saving a Song the Song Performance events (initial Program, Volume, Pan, Effect Send settings) are saved at the beginning of the Standard MIDI File. Effect settings are saved as Pa50 SysEx events, ignored by other musical instruments.

Other editings

The Volume is not the only parameter you can edit. You can edit a lot more things, like the Pan, the Effects, the Tuning… you can even use up to 4 effects (A-D Internal FX Processors), but this will be useful only when reading the Song back on the Pa50 only, since other General MIDI-compliant instruments use only 2 effects.

Need more information?

Go to “Song operating mode” on page 88. The Reference Guide includes all the information you need.

6 - THE ARABIC SCALE

You can program an Arabic scale in real time, by assigning a footswitch or a pad the “Quarter Tone” function.

Another way of changing the scale is assigning it to a Performance or Single Touch Setting (STS), but this is the most convenient way to change the pitch in real time.

1 Program a footswitch to be the Quarter

tone switch.

Simply go to the Global environment, and reach “Page 3 Assignable Pedal/Footswitch, Assignable Slider”. There, you will ﬁnd the “P/S (Pedal/Switch)” parameter, to which you can assign the Quarter tone function.

Press WRITE to save the Global status in memory (see “The Write window” on page 125).

2 Lower some note pitches.

Keep the Quarter tone pedal pressed. The keyboard will not play at this time. Press the notes you want to lower a quarter of tone. Release the pedal.

3 Play with your new scale.

The notes you pressed are now lowered of a quarter of tone.

4 Reset the original scale.

Press the Quarter tone pedal again. All pitches will be reset, and the scale selected by the Performance, STS or Style Performance will be recalled.

Need more information?

As stated, you can assign an alternative scale to a Performance or STS. Go to “Page 5 - Tuning: Scale” on page 44, and give also a look to the “Scale Mode” parameter (see page 51).

8. MIDI

MIDI

What is MIDI?

WHAT IS MIDI?

Here is a brief overview of MIDI, as related to the Pa50. If interested, you may ﬁnd more information on the general use of MIDI in the various specialized magazines and books.

In general

MIDI stands for Musical Instruments Digital Interface. This interface lets you connect two musical instruments, or a computer and various musical instruments.

Physically, MIDI is composed of three different connectors. The MIDI IN receives data from another device; the MIDI OUT sends data to another device; the MIDI THRU sends to another device exactly what was received on the MIDI IN (this is useful to daisy-chain more instruments).

Channels and messages

Basically, a MIDI cable transmits 16 channels of data. Think to each MIDI channel as a TV channel: the receiver must be set on the same channel of the transmitter. The same happens with MIDI messages: when you send a Note On message on channel 1, it will be received on channel 1 only. This allows for multitimbricity: you can have more than one sound playing on the same MIDI instrument.

There are various messages, but here are the most commonly used:

Note On – This message instructs an instrument to play a note on a speciﬁc channel. Notes have both a name (C4 standing for the center C) and a number (60 being the equivalent for C4). A Note Off message is often used to say the note has been released. In some case, a Note On with value “0” is used instead.

Together with the Note On message, a Velocity value is always sent. This value tells the instrument how loud the note must play.

Pitch Bend (PB) – You can generate this message acting on the joystick (X movement). The pitch is translated up or down.

Program Change (PC)– When you select a Program, a Program Change message is generated on the channel. Use this message, together with Control Change 00 and 32, to remotely select Pa50 data from a sequencer or a master keyboard.

Control Change (CC) – This is a wide array of messages, controlling most of the instrument parameters. Some examples:

• CC00, or Bank Select MSB, and CC32, or Bank Select LSB. This message pair is used, together with the Program Change message, to select a Program.

• CC01, or Modulation. This is the equivalent of pressing up the joystick. A vibrato effect is usually triggered on.

• CC07, or Master Volume. Use this controller to set the channel’s volume.

• CC10, or Pan. This one sets the channel’s position on the stereo front.

• CC64, or Damper Pedal. Use this controller to simulate the Damper pedal.

Tempo

Tempo is a global MIDI message, that is not tied to a particular channel. Each Song includes Tempo data.

Lyrics

Lyrics are non-standard MIDI events, made to display text together with the music. Pa50 can read many of the available Lyrics format on the market.

MIDIFILES

Midiﬁles, or Standard MIDI Files (SMF), are a practical way of exchanging songs between different instruments and computers. Pa50 has the SMF format as its default song format, so reading a song from a computer, or saving a song that a computer software can read, is not a problem at all.

Pa50 sequencers are compatible with the SMF in format 0 (all data in one track; it is the most common format) and 1 (multitrack). It can read the SMF in Song Play mode and modify/ save them in Song mode. It can save a Song in SMF 0 format in the Backing Sequence or Song mode.

When in Song Play mode, the Pa50 can also display SMF lyrics in Solton, M-Live (Midisoft), Tune1000 and compatible (Edirol, GMX, HitBit, XF) formats, and the chord abbreviations of SMF in Solton, M-live (Midisoft), GMX, and XF format.

THE GENERAL MIDI STANDARD

Some years ago, the musical instruments world felt a need for some further standardization. Then, the General MIDI Standard (GM) was born. This extension of the basic MIDI sets new rules for compatibility between instruments:

• A minimum of 16 MIDI channels was required.

• A basic set of 128 Programs, correctly ordered, was mandatory.

• The Drum Kit had a standard order.

• Channel 10 had to be devoted to the Drum Kit.

A most recent extension is the GM2, that further expands the Programs database. The Pa50 is soundwise-compatible with the GM2 standard.

THE GLOBAL CHANNEL

Any channels with the Global option assigned (see “Page 6 MIDI IN Channels” on page 127) can simulate the Pa50 integrated keyboard. When the Pa50 is connected to a master keyboard, transmission should take place over the Global channel of the Pa50.

The MIDI messages received over a Global channel and not over a standard channel are affected by the buttons of the KEYBOARD MODE section, as well from the split point. Therefore, if the SPLIT button LED is lit up, the notes that arrive to the Pa50 over this channel will be divided by the

MIDI

The Chord 1 and Chord 2 channels

split point into the Upper (above the split point) and Lower (below the split point) parts.

The notes that arrive to a Global channel are used for the chord recognition of the automatic accompaniment. If the KEYBOARD MODE is SPLIT, only the notes below the split point will be used. These notes will be combined with the ones of the special Chord 1 and Chord 2 channels.

THE CHORD 1 AND CHORD 2 CHANNELS

You can set two special Chord channels (see page 128) to send to the Pa50 notes for the chord recognition. The notes will be combined with the notes that go through the channel set as Global (Global notes are recognized only under the split point, if the SPLIT LED is lit up).

The Chord channels are not affected by the split point and the KEYBOARD MODE section of the control panel. All the notes – both above and below the split point – will be sent to the chord recognition.

The buttons of the CHORD SCANNING section have a particular effect on the Chord channels:

• if you have selected LOWER, the chord recognition mode will be set by the “Chord Recognition Mode” parameter in the Style Play mode (see page 50);

• if you have selected UPPER or FULL, the chord recognition mode will always be Fingered 2 (you need to play at least three notes in order for the chord to be detected).

These two channels are especially useful for accordion players to assign a different Chord channel to the chords and the bass played with the left hand. In this way, chords and bass will participate to the creation of chords for the chord recognition of the automatic accompaniment.

THE CONTROL CHANNEL

You can set a MIDI IN channel as the Control channel (see page 127), to select Styles and Performance from an external device. See the Appendix for a list of messages corresponding to Pa50 internal data.

MIDI SETUP

You can play Pa50 with an external controller, and use it simply as a gorgeous sound generator. To help you conﬁgure the MIDI channels, we have provided a set of MIDI Setups. Go to Global mode to select the one that ﬁts your MIDI needs. (See “Page 4 - MIDI Setup” on page 126 for more information).

We recommend you to consider each MIDI Setup as a starting point you can freely tweak. Once you have selected the most appropriate MIDI Setup for the connection to be made, you can modify the parameters as necessary and save the Global in the memory with the Write function (see “The Write window” on page 125).

CONNECTING PA50 TO A MASTER KEYBOARD

You can control the Pa50 with a master keyboard or any other MIDI keyboard. You only need to connect the MIDI OUT connector of the master keyboard to the MIDI IN connector of the Pa50. The master keyboard will become the integrated keyboard of the Pa50 if it transmits over the same channel programmed as Global in the Pa50.

MIDI IN

MIDI OUT

If the master keyboard transmits over the Global channel of the Pa50, the split point and the status of the KEYBOARD MODE section in the control panel will affect the notes received from the master keyboard.

Connections and settings

To connect the master keyboard to the Pa50 follow this procedure:

1. Connect the MIDI OUT connector of the master key-

board to the MIDI IN connector of the Pa50.

2. Program the master keyboard to transmit over the Glo-

bal channel of the Pa50 (see “Page 6 - MIDI IN Channels” on page 127).

For information on the master keyboard programming, see the user’s manual of the master keyboard.

3. Press GLOBAL to enter the Global mode, then go to

“Page 4 - MIDI Setup” (see page 126).

4. Select the Master Keyboard Setup.

Note: The settings can change when new data is loaded from disk. To protect the settings from loading, use the Global Protect function (see “Global Protect” on page 142).

5. Press WRITE, select Global, and press ENTER to save

the Global. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

6. Press one of the buttons in the MODE section to go to

the desired operative mode.

MIDI

Connecting the Pa50 to a MIDI accordion

CONNECTING THE PA50 TO A MIDI ACCORDION

There are different types of MIDI accordion and each type requires a different conﬁguration of the Pa50. Select one of the MIDI “Accordion” Setups to conﬁgure the module properly (see page 126).

3. Go to “Page 4 - MIDI Setup” (see page 126). Select the

Ext.Seq Setup.

Note: The settings can change when new data is loaded from disk. To protect the settings from loading, use the Global Protect function (see “Global Protect” on page 142).

4. Press WRITE, select Global, and press ENTER to save

the Global. The “Are you sure?” message will appear.

Connection and settings

To connect the accordion to the Pa50 follow this procedure:

1. Connect the MIDI OUT connector of the accordion to

the MIDI IN connector of the Pa50.

2. Press GLOBAL to enter the Global mode, then go to

“Page 4 - MIDI Setup” (see page 126).

3. Select one of the Accordion Setups.

Note: The settings can change when new data is loaded from disk. To protect the settings from loading, use the Global Protect function (see “Global Protect” on page 142).

4. Press WRITE, select Global, and press ENTER to save

the Global. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

5. Press one of the buttons in the MODE section to go to

the desired operative mode.

Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

5. Set the Upper 1 track in play, and press FULL UPPER in

the KEYBOARD MODE section. This way, you can transmit to the external sequencer on the full keyboard range.

6. At this point, the notes played on the Upper 1 track go

from the MIDI OUT of the Pa50 to the MIDI IN of the computer/MIDI interface.

The notes generated by the computer (i.e. a Song played by its sequencer) are sent thru the MIDI OUT of the MIDI interface to the MIDI IN connector of the Pa50.

The Local Off

When the Pa50 is connected to an external sequencer, we recommend you to set the Pa50 in Local Off mode (see “Local” on page 127) to avoid that the notes are simultaneously played by the keyboard and by the MIDI events sent by the

CONNECTING THE PA50 TO AN EXTERNAL SEQUENCER

You can program a new Song on an external sequencer, using Pa50 as a multi-timbral expander.

external sequencer. When the Pa50 is in Local Off, the Pa50 keyboard transmits

data to the external sequencer, but not to the internal sound generation. The sequencer will receive the notes played on the Pa50 keyboard (Upper 1) and send them to the selected track of the song. The track will transmit the data to the

Connections and settings

In order to connect the Pa50 to a computer, you need to have a computer with the MIDI interface.

1. Connect the Pa50 and the computer as in the following

diagram.

internal sound generation of the Pa50.

Note: In order to send data to the Pa50 sound generation, the “MIDI Thru” function must be activated in the external sequencer (normally active; the name may be different according to the type of sequencer). For more information refer to the instructions manual of the sequencer.

MIDI OUT

MIDI IN

MIDI INMIDI THRU

2. Press GLOBAL, and go to “Page 5 - MIDI Controls”. Set

MIDI IN

MIDI OUT

the Local parameter to Off (see page 127).

The programs

The Song that is played back by the computer sequencer can select the Pa50 Programs through the MIDI messages Bank Select MSB and Bank Select LSB (bank selection, two mes-

sages) and Program Change (program selection). For a list of Programs and MIDI values, see “Programs (Program Change order)” on page 154.

A suggestion for those who program songs on computer: Even though it is not essential, you usually set the bass on channel 2, melody on channel 4, drum kit on channel 10, control for an external voice harmonizer on channel 5.

MIDI

Playing another instrument with the Pa50

PLAYING ANOTHER INSTRUMENT WITH THE PA50

You can use the Pa50 as the master controller for your MIDI setup.

1. Connect Pa50’s MIDI OUT to the other instrument’s

MIDI IN.

2. Set-up the other instrument’s tracks to the same chan-

nels you want to play from Pa50. For example, if you wish to play the Upper 1 and Upper 2 tracks with the other instrument’s sound, set the other instrument to receive on the same channels of the Upper 1 and Upper 2 tracks (by default, channels 1 and 2).

3. Set the general volume of the other instrument with its

own volume controls.

4. Mute/unmute any track right from the Pa50 front panel.

Set each track’s volume using Pa50 own VOLUME/ VALUE controls.

5. Play on Pa50’s keyboard.

Tracks to the External status (see “Page 15 - Track: Internal/ External” on page 46).

The Sequencer

Any Sequencer’s track can drive a channel on an external instrument. To set each track’s MIDI output channel, see “Page 10 - MIDI OUT Channels” on page 129.

To hear only the expander’s sounds, you can lower the MASTER VOLUME control on the Pa50, or set the Song tracks to the External status (see “Page 8 - Track: Internal/External” on page 78).

Select the Sequencer 1 or Sequencer 2 MIDI Setup (depending on the Sequencer you are using on the Pa50) to set the channels as follows.

Track Out Channel

Song 1…16 1…16

The Arranger

The Keyboard

Pa50’s physical keyboard can drive up to 4 tracks via the MIDI OUT (Upper 1-3 and Lower). MIDI output channels are set in Global mode (see “Page 10 - MIDI OUT Channels” on page 129).

As a default situation (Default Setup), each of Pa50 Realtime Tracks transmit on these channels:

Track Out Channel

Upper1 1

Upper2 2

Upper3 3

Lower 4

When a track is in mute, it can’t transmit any MIDI data to an external expander or sequencer connected Pa50’s MIDI OUT.

To hear only the expander’s sounds, you can lower the MASTER VOLUME control on the Pa50, or set the Realtime

One of the most interesting aspect of MIDI, is that you can use your Pa50 to play an external instrument with its onboard arranger. Yes, it’s hard to beat the audio quality of Pa50, but you could wish to use that old faithful synth you are still accustomed to…

To assign some of Pa50 Style tracks to an external instrument, set them to the External status (see “Page 15 - Track: Internal/External” on page 46).

Select the Default MIDI Setup to set the channels as follows (this is the default status of Pa50).

Track Out Channel

Bass 9

Drums 10

Percussion 11

Acc1…5 12…16

REFERENCE GUIDE

Style Play operating mode

What’s a Style?

9. STYLE PLAY OPERATING MODE

The Style Play mode is the boot-up operating mode. When in this mode, you can play Styles (i.e. automatic accompaniments), or just play with one to four Realtime tracks on the keyboard (Upper 1…3 and Lower).

WHAT’S A STYLE?

A Style is a rhythm/accompaniment structure, that simulates a band backing your solos.

In a vertical direction, it is composed of 8 different tracks (Drums, Percussion, Bass, and 5 different harmonic or melodic instruments). You can play on the keyboard with 4 more Realtime tracks (Upper 1-3 and Lower).

In a horizontal direction, it is a series of Style Elements (i.e., the various sets of patterns for each chord and each of the Intros, Variations, Fills, Breaks and Endings).

STYLES AND PERFORMANCES

Styles and Performances are linked in many ways.

• When the SINGLE TOUCH LED is on, selecting a Style also changes the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks (a Single Touch Setting is selected). The Performance settings are overridden.

• When the STYLE CHANGE LED is on, selecting a Performance also selects a Style (the one whose number is memorized with the Performance).

• When pressing the WRITE button, you can save the track’s settings either in a Performance, a Style Performance, or a Single Touch Setting (STS).

CHANGING AND RESETTING THE TEMPO

While in the main page of the Style Play mode, you can change the Tempo using the DIAL or the DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons.

In any other page, keep the SHIFT button pressed, and use the DIAL to change the Tempo.

To recall the Tempo stored in the current Style, keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press one of the DOWN/- or UP/ + buttons.

THE DIRECT FD BANK

In addition to the internal memory Styles, you can have DIRECT FD Styles, directly accessed by the ﬂoppy disk.

Just insert a disk, and press the DIRECT FD Style bank. The disk drive will read the ﬁrst (in alphabetical order) “.SET” folder in the ﬂoppy disk, and will give you direct access to the Styles it contains (no loading required).

Note: Reading from ﬂoppy disk may take some seconds, before the Styles are shown.

Browse through the DIRECT FD Styles using the PAGE buttons. You can have up to 6 pages, and up to 48 DIRECT FD Styles in a disk.

Folder DIRECT FD pages

*.SET > STYLE > USER01 1, 2

Folder DIRECT FD pages

*.SET > STYLE > USER02 3, 4

*.SET > STYLE > USER03 5, 6

Note: Reading from ﬂoppy disk is a little slower than reading from the internal memory. So, there is a chance that you will have to wait some beats, before the selected DIRECT FD Style is ready to play. The Style will enter at the next beginning of measure.

How to make the DIRECT FD bank

To conﬁgure the DIRECT FD bank, save your Styles into the ﬁrst folder in the ﬂoppy disk. Folders are read in alphabetical order.

Note: The following procedures requires you overwrite the User Style banks. Save these banks before proceeding, to avoid loosing important data.

1. Insert the ﬂoppy disk into the disk drive.

2. Press DISK and go to the Load page.

Disk:Load

NEWNAME.SET | LIVE.SET ETHNICA.SET | FD LOAD OPEN CLOSE

3. Use the F1 (Disk device) button to select the FD (Floppy

Disk) device.

4. Load three banks of Styles, to be transformed into the

DIRECT FD bank.

5. Go to the Save page.

Disk:Save

ALL

FD SAVE OPEN CLOSE

6. While the “ALL” item is selected, press F3 (Open) to

open it.

7. Use the E-F (Scroll Up) and G-H (Scroll Down) VOL-

UME/VALUE buttons (or the TEMPO/VALUE section controls) to move the “STYLE” item to the ﬁrst line of the display, and press F2 (Save).

8. Select the ﬂoppy disk (FD) as the target, using the F1

button.

9. The ﬂoppy disk directory appears. Use the E-F (Scroll

Up) and G-H (Scroll Down) VOLUME/VALUE buttons (or the TEMPO/VALUE section controls), to scroll the disk content. Move the ﬁrst folder of the directory to the ﬁrst line of the display.

10. Press ENTER twice to save the banks.

Style Play operating mode

Main page

MAIN PAGE

This is the page you see after you turn the instrument on. To access this page from another operating mode, press the

STYLE PLAY button.

Note: When switching from Song Play to Style Play, a Performance is automatically selected, and various track parameters may change.

To return to this page from one of the Style Play edit pages, press the EXIT/NO button.

To switch between the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks and the Style tracks, use the TRACK SELECT button.

Style Play icon

Selected Style

SoftBeat |STS1

Drum/Perc GrandPiano Bass01 DarkPad Acc.1-5 StrngEns2 AnalogStr

Accompaniment (backing) tracks (grouped)

Realtime (Keyboard) tracks

Selected STS or

Performance

VALUE buttons. To unmute, press both buttons again. To change the volume, select the track, then keep one of the buttons pressed.

C (Acc.1-5 grouped tracks)

Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the instrumental accompaniment tracks (tracks 1-5, other than Bass, Drum and Percussion). To mute these tracks, press both VOLUME/VALUE buttons. To unmute them, press both buttons again. To change the volume, keep one of the buttons pressed.

E (Upper 1 Program), F (Upper 2 Program), G (Upper 3 Program), H (Lower Program)

Name of the Programs assigned to the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks. Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the corresponding tracks.

STYLE TRACKS PAGE

To see and edit the Style tracks, press TRACK SELECT from the main page. The TRACK SELECT LED turns on.

SoftBeat |STS1

Brush 2 Piano01 Perc Kit Guitar01 *AcouBass StrngEns2 AcouPiano2 VoxPad1

Style Play icon

When on, this icon indicates that the instrument is in Style Play mode.

Selected Style

Currently selected Style.

Selected STS or Performance

The last selected Single Touch Setting (STS) or Performance.

A (Drum/Perc grouped tracks)

Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of both Drum and Percussion tracks (grouped together) at the same time. To mute these tracks, press both VOLUME/ VALUE buttons. To unmute, press both buttons again. To change the volume, select the track, then keep one of the buttons pressed.

B (Bass track Program name)

Name of the Program assigned to the Bass backing track. Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the Bass track. To mute this track, press both VOLUME/

Press the TRACK SELECT button once again to go back to the main page.

A-H (Style Track Programs)

Name of the Programs assigned to the Style tracks. Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the corresponding tracks.

HOW TO SELECT PROGRAMS

You can assign a different Program to each of the Realtime (Keyboard) and Style tracks. See “Selecting a Program” on page 26 for more information.

After selecting a new Program, save your changes into a Performance, Style or STS (see below “The Write window” section).

Note: If you select a Program while grouped tracks (Drum/Percussion or ACC) are selected, the Program will be assigned to the last selected track.

Style Play operating mode

The Write window

THE WRITE WINDOW

Open this window by pressing the WRITE button. Here, you can save all track settings into a Performance, the Realtime (Keyboard) track settings into a Single Touch Setting, or the Style track settings into the current Style Performance.

Write to

Perf.Name: Perf.No.: STS No.: Current Style

1. Select the kind of object you want to save your tracks

into.

• Select the “Perf No.” line to save all tracks (and the current selected Style settings) into a Performance. Use the corresponding VOLUME/VALUE buttons, or the TEMPO/VALUE section controls, to select a Performance location in memory. The name of the Performance already at the target destination will be shown.

• Select the “STS No.” line to save the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks into a Single Touch Setting (STS). Use the corresponding VOLUME/VALUE buttons or the TEMPO/VALUE section controls, to select a Single Touch Setting number.

• Select the Current Style line, to save the Style tracks into the current Style Performance.

EDIT PAGE STRUCTURE

Select an edit section from the Menu, and/or use the PAGE buttons to reach the desired page.

Press EXIT to go back to the main page of the Style Play mode.

All edit pages share the same structure.

Style Play icon

Page header Page number

If you select… …you save… …to this location…

Performance All track settings,

selected Style number, Master Transpose

STS Realtime (Key-

board) track settings

Current Style Style track set-

tings, Master Transpose

2. If you are saving a Performance, you can change its

Selected Performance

Selected Single Touch Setting (a part of the current Style)

Current Style Performance

name. Select the “Perf name” line. Move the cursor using the DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons.

Select a character using the DIAL. Insert a character at the cursor position by pressing the INSERT button. Delete a character at the cursor position by pressing the DELETE button.

3. Press ENTER to save the settings in memory. The “Are

you sure?” message appears. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

Mixer:Volume

|||||| 127 ||||| 090 ||||| 100 ||| | 092 |||||| 127 || || 086 |||||| 112

Style Play icon

When on, this icon indicates that the instrument is in Style Play mode.

Page header

The header shows the name of the current edit page. As a general rule, the header is divided into a ﬁrst word, identifying the section name (e.g., “Mixer:FX Send” is a “Mixer” section page), and a second word, referring to the page name (e.g. “FX Send”).

Section name Page name

Mixer:FX Send

Page number

This area shows the current page number.

A-H

Each pair of VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons selects a different parameter of command, depending on the edit page. After selecting a parameter, you can change its value by press-

Style Play operating mode

Page 1 - Mixer: Volume

ing one of the two buttons in a pair, or using the TEMPO/ VALUE controls.

PAGE 1 - MIXER: VOLUME

This page lets you set the volume for each of the Realtime (Keyboard) or Style tracks.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks to the Style tracks, and vice versa.

Mixer:Volume

|||||| 127 ||||| 090 ||||| 100 ||| | 092 |||||| 127 || || 086 |||||| 112

Mixer:Volume

|||||| 110 ||||| 090 ||||| 100 ||| | 092 |||||| 110 || || 086 |||||| 110 |||||| 112

Volume

Track’s volume. 0…127 MIDI value of the track’s volume.

R+63 Hard Right. Off The direct (uneffected) signal does not go to

the outputs; only the FX signal is heard for this track.

PAGE 3 - MIXER: FX SEND

This page lets you set the level of the track’s direct (uneffected) signal going to the Internal FX processors. The effect processors included in Pa50 are connected in parallel, so you can decide which percentage of the direct signal should be effected:

Track Output

FX Processor

There are four Internal FX processors in Style Play mode. You can assign them any kind of available effects, but we found it convenient to arrange them in the following way, for all the Styles included with the Pa50:

A Reverb processor for the Style tracks. B Modulating FX processor for the Style tracks. C Reverb processor for the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks. D Modulating FX processor for the Realtime (Keyboard)

tracks.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks to the Style tracks, and vice-versa.

PAGE 2 - MIXER: PAN

This page lets you set the pan (position in the stereo front) for each track.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks to the Style tracks, and vice-versa.

Mixer:Pan

- - - - - C+00 R+20 || C+00

- - - - - C+10 | C+00

Mixer:Pan

|||L-64 C+00 R+10 || C+00 C+00 |L-10 C+00 C+00

Pan

L-64 Hard Left. C+00 Center.

Mixer:FX Send

- - - - - - C:100 D:050 A:127 B:020 C:100 D:050

- - - - - - C:100 D:050 C:100 D:050

Mixer:FX Send

A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:127 B:020 A:100 B:050 A:110 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050

To select a parameter and edit its value:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to select a

track.

2. Use the F1-F4 buttons to select one of the effect proces-

sors.

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the value.

Send level

000 No effect. Only the direct (uneffected) signal

goes to the outputs.

127 100% effect. The direct (uneffected) and

effected signals go to the outputs with the same level.

Style Play operating mode

Page 4 - Tuning: Detune

PAGE 4 - TUNING: DETUNE

This page is the place where you can set the ﬁne tuning for each track.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks to the Style tracks, and vice-versa.

Tuning:Detune

- - - - - +00 +00 +00

- - - - - +00 +00

Tuning:Detune

- - - - - +00

- - - - - +00 +00 +00 +00 +00

Detune

This is the ﬁne tuning value.

-64 Lowest pitch.

00 Standard tuning. +63 Highest pitch.

PAGE 5 - TUNING: SCALE

This page lets you program the alternative scale for the selected tracks (see “Scale Mode” on page 51). The remaining tracks use the Scale set in the Global mode (see “Scale” on page 125).

Tuning:Scale

Scale:User Key:C Note:C# Detune:+63

Scale

Selected scale. See “Scales” on page 227 for a list of the available scales.

Key

Parameter required for some Scales, when you should select a preferred key.

Note

Note in edit, to be detuned. This parameter can be accessed when a User Scale is selected.

Detune

Note detune, relative to the standard Equal tuning. This parameter can be accessed when a User Scale is selected.

PAGE 6 - TUNING: PITCHBEND SENSITIVITY

This page lets you program the Pitch Bend range for the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

Tuning:PB sens.

- - - - - 02

- - - - - 02 02

Parameters

These parameters show the Pitch Bend range for each track, in semitones.

01…12 Maximum up/down pitchbend range (in semi-

tones). 12 = ±1 octave.

Off No pitchbend allowed.

PAGE 7 - FX: A/B SELECT

This page enables you to select the A and B effects. Usually, the A effect is the reverb, and the B effect is the modulating effect for the Style tracks.

FX:A/B Select

A:02 B:89 Compressor Rev-Gate

ModTrk:Up1 B>Asend:127

A, B

Effects assigned to the A and B effect processors. Usually, A is the reverb, while B is the modulating effect (chorus, ﬂanger, delay…). For a list of the available effects, see “Effects” on page 175.

ModTrk (Modulating Track)

Source track for modulating MIDI messages. You can modulate an effect parameter with a MIDI message generated by a physical controller.

B>Asend (B>A Send)

Amount of the B effect going back to the input of the A effect.

PAGE 8 - FX: C/D SELECT

This page lets you select the C and D effects. Usually, the C effect is the reverb, and the D effect is the modulating effect for the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

FX:C/D Select

C:02 D:89 Compressor Rev-Gate

ModTrk:Up1 D>Csend:127

Style Play operating mode

Page 9 - FX: A editing

C, D

Effects assigned to the C and D effect processors. Usually, C is the reverb, while D is the modulating effect (chorus, ﬂanger, delay…). For a list of the available effects, see “Effects” on page 175.

ModTrk (Modulating Track)

Source track for modulating MIDI messages. You can modulate an effect parameter with a MIDI message generated by a physical controller.

D>Csend (D>C Send)

Amount of the D effect going back to the input of the C effect.

PAGE 9 - FX: A EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the A effect (usually, reverb for the Style tracks).

FX:A Edit (Sty)

Mix mod. source:JS-Y | Mix mod. amt.: +127 Reverb Time: 3.07 sec HF Damping: 30 % |

Use the E and H VOLUME/VALUE buttons to scroll the parameter list.

Parameters

See “Effects” on page 175 for a list of available parameters for each effect type.

PAGE 10 - FX: B EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the B effect (usually modulating effect for the Style tracks). For more details, see “Page 9 - FX: A editing” above.

Parameters

PAGE 11 - FX: C EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the C effect (usually reverb for the Realtime tracks). For more details, see “Page 9 - FX: A editing” above.

Parameters

PAGE 12 - FX: D EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the D effect (usually modulating effect for the Realtime tracks). For more details, see “Page 9 - FX: A editing” above.

Parameters

PAGE 13 - TRACK: EASY EDIT

In this page you can edit the main parameters of the Programs assigned to each track.

Note: All values are relative to the value of the original Program.

You can also change the volume for each class of Drums and Percussion, if the selected track is set in Drum mode (see below “Page 14 - Track: Mode”).

Track:Easy Edit

- - - - - Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0

- - - - - Attack:0 Attack:0

Track:Easy Edit

Kick V:127 Attack:0 Perc1V:127 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0

Here is the edit procedure:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to select a

track.

2. Use the F1-F4 buttons to select a Program parameter, or

its value. (For the Drum and Percussion tracks, see below the “Drum tracks” section).

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the Pro-

gram parameter or its value.

Parameters

Attack Attack time. This is the time during which the

sound goes from zero (at the moment when you strike a key) to it’s maximum level.

Decay Decay time. Time to go from the ﬁnal Attack

level to the beginning of the Release.

Release Release time. This is the time during which the

sound goes from the sustaining (or Decay) phase, to zero. The Release is triggered by

releasing a key. Cutoff Filter cutoff. This sets the sound brightness. Resonance Use the Filter Resonance to deﬁne the width of

the frequency range affected by the Filter. Vibrato Rate Speed of the Vibrato. Vibrato Depth

Intensity of the Vibrato. Vibrato Delay

Delay time before the Vibrato begins, after the

sound starts.

Drum tracks

When a track is set in Drum Mode (like the Drum and Percussion tracks), you can adjust the volume for each of the Drum and Percussion categories.

Kick V Kick drums volume. Snare V Snare drums volume. Tom V Toms volume. HiHat V Hi-Hat volume. CymbalV Ride, Crash and other cymbals volume.

Style Play operating mode

Page 14 - Track: Mode

Percus1V “Classic” percussion set volume. Percus2V “Ethnic” percussion set volume. SFX V Special effects volume.

Reset

You can reset the parameters’ value by keeping the SHIFT button pressed, while pressing one of the selected track VOLUME/VALUE buttons. After you press the above button combination, the Reset window appears:

RESET NO=Cancel YES=Trk SHFT+YES=All

Press ENTER/YES to reset the currently selected track. Keep SHIFT pressed, and press ENTER/YES, to reset all tracks. Press EXIT/NO to abort and keep all parameters unchanged.

PAGE 14 - TRACK: MODE

This page lets you set the polyphony mode for each track.

Track:Mode

- - - - - Mono Right Poly Poly

- - - - - Poly Poly

Track:Mode

Drum Mono Right Drum Poly Poly Poly Poly Poly

Parameters

Drum This is a Drum/Percussion track. No Master or

Octave Transpose applies to this track. You can set a different volume for each class of percussive instruments (see “Page 13 - Track: Easy edit” on page 45).

Poly Tracks of this kind are polyphonic, i.e. they can

play more than one note at the same time.

Mono Tracks of this kind are monophonic, i.e. each

new note stops the previous note.

Mono Right A Mono track, but with priority assigned to

the rightmost (highest) note.

PAGE 15 - TRACK: INTERNAL/EXTERNAL

This page lets you set the Internal or External status for each track. It is very useful to let a Style track drive an external expander, or play a digital piano with one of Pa50’s Realtime tracks.

Track:Int/Ext

Both Both Both Both Both External Both

Track:Int/Ext

External Both External Both Both Both Both Both

Parameters

Internal The track plays the sounds generated by the

internal sound engine. It does not play an external instrument connected to the MIDI OUT.

External The track plays an external instrument con-

nected to the MIDI OUT. It does not play the internal sounds, therefore saving polyphony.

When a track is set to “External”, a strings of transmitted Control Change and Program Change data is shown instead of the Program name assigned to the track. In the following example, CC#0 is the Control Change 0 (Bank Select MSB), CC#32 is the Control Change 32 (Bank Select LSB), PC is the Program Change.

121- 3- 0

CC#0

Both The track plays both the internal sounds and

an external instrument connected to the MIDI OUT.

CC#32

Style Play operating mode

Page 16 - R.T. controls: Damper

PAGE 16 - R.T. CONTROLS: DAMPER

This page lets you enable/disable the Damper pedal for each of the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

This enables/disables the front/rear movement of the Joystick (Y+: Modulation, and sometimes the sound parameter’s control; Y-: Various controls, or non-active).

PAGE 18 - R.T. CONTROLS: DYNAMIC RANGE

RT Ctl:Dmpr&Expr

- - - - - D:On E:On

- - - - - D:On E:On D:On E:On

D (Damper)

On When you press the Damper pedal and release

the keys, the track’s sound is kept sustained.

Off The Damper pedal is not active on any track

set to this status.

E (Expression)

This parameters allows you to switch the Expression control on/off on each individual Realtime track. The Expression control is a relative level control, always subtracted from the Volume value of the track.

As an example, imagine you have a Piano sound assigned to Upper 1, and a Strings sound assigned to Upper 2. If you turn the Expression switch on on Upper 2, and off on Upper 1, you can use a pedal to control only the Strings’ volume, while the Piano remains unchanged.

To program a pedal or the Assignable Slider to act as an Expression control, see “Page 3 - Assignable Pedal/Footswitch, Assignable Slider” on page 126. You can only assign this function to a volume-type pedal, not to a switch-type one. Assign the “KB Expression” option to the pedal or Assignable Slider, then press WRITE to save the setting into the Global.

PAGE 17 - R.T. CONTROLS: JOYSTICK

This page lets you enable/disable the Joystick for each of the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

RT Ctl:Joystick

- - - - - X:On Y:On

- - - - - X:On Y:On X:On Y:On

Here is the edit procedure:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (E-H) buttons to select a

track.

2. Use the F3-F4 buttons to select the X or Y parameter for

that track.

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the status.

This enables/disables the left/right movement of the Joystick (Pitch Bend, and sometimes the sound parameter’s control).

This page lets you program a dynamic range for each of the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks. This is useful to create a sound made of up to three dynamic layers, assigning each of the Upper tracks to a different dynamic range.

As an example, you may assign the El.Piano 1 Program to the Upper 1, and the El.Piano 2 Program to the Upper 2 track. Then, set Upper 1 to [L=0, H=80], and Upper 2 to [L=81, H=127]. The El.Piano 1 will play when playing softer, the El.Piano 2 when playing louder.

RT Ctl:DynRange

- - - - - L:0 H:127

- - - - - L:0 H:127 L:0 H:127

Here is the edit procedure:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (E-H) buttons to select a

track.

2. Use the F3-F4 buttons to select the L or H parameter for

that track.

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the parame-

ter’s value.

L/H

This parameter pair sets the Lower and Higher dynamic range for the track.

0 Lowest velocity value. 127 Highest velocity value.

PAGE 19 - R.T. CONTROLS: ENSEMBLE

This page lets you program the Ensemble function. This function harmonizes the right-hand played melody with the left-hand recognized chords.

RT Ctl:Ensemble

E:Dual Up1:Normal Dyn :- 2 Up2:Off Note:+ 0 Up3:Off

Up1…Up3

Right-hand (Upper) tracks. Off There is no harmonization on this track. Normal This track is included in the harmonization. Mute This track only plays the Ensemble notes, but

not the original note.

Style Play operating mode

Page 20 - Style controls: Drum/Fill

E(nsemble)

Harmonization type. Duet Adds a single note to the melody. Close Adds a closed-position chord to the melody. Open 1 Adds an open-position chord to the melody. Open 2 As the above, but with a different algorhythm. Block Block harmonization – very typical of jazz

music.

Power Ensemble

Adds a ﬁfth and an octave to the melody, as heard in hard rock.

Fourths LO Typical of jazz, this option adds a perfect

fourth and a minor seventh under the melody.

Fourths UP As the above, but with notes added over the

melody.

Fifths This adds a series of Fifths below the original

note. Octave Adds one or more octaves to the melody. Dual This option adds to the melody line a second

note, at a ﬁxed interval set with the “Note”

parameter. When selecting this option, a trans-

position value appears (-24…+24 semitones to

the original note). Brass Typical Brass section harmonization. Reed Typical Reed section harmonization. Trill This option trills the melody note. You can set

the trill speed by using the Tempo parameter

(see below).

Note: You must play at least two notes with this

option!

Repeat The played note is repeated in sync with the

Tempo parameter (see below). When playing a

chord, only the ﬁrst note is repeated. Echo As the Repeat option, but with the repeated

notes fading away after the time set with the

Feedback parameter (see below).

Dyn(amics)

This parameter sets the velocity difference between the righthand melody and the added harmonization notes.

-10…0 Subtracted velocity value.

Tempo

Note: This parameter only appears when the Trill, Repeat or Echo options are selected.

Note value for the Trill, Repeat or Echo Ensemble options. This is in sync with the Metronome Tempo.

Feedback

Note: This parameter only appears when the Echo option is selected.

This parameter sets how many times the original note/chord is repeated by the Echo option.

PAGE 20 - STYLE CONTROLS: DRUM/FILL

In this page you can select various general parameters for the Style.

StyCtl:Drums

V1 DR.map:5 KickDes:Off V2 DR.map:5 SnarDes:Off V3 DrMap:5 Fill1:->1 V4 DrMap:5 Fill2:->3

V1-V4 Drum Map

The Drum Mapping lets you select an alternative arrangement of percussive instruments for the selected Drum Kit, without any additional programming. Just select a Drum Map, and some percussive instruments will be replaced with different instruments.

0…7 Drum Map number. Number 0 is the standard

mapping.

Kick D(esignation)

The Kick Designation replaces the original Kick (Bass Drum) sound with a different Kick of the same Drum Kit.

Off, 1…3 Kick replacing the original one. Off corre-

sponds to the original Kick.

Snare D(esignation)

The Snare Designation replaces the original Snare Drum sound with a different Snare of the same Drum Kit.

Off, 1…3 Snare replacing the original one. Off corre-

sponds to the original Snare.

Fill1/2

These parameters set a Variation to be automatically selected at the end of the Fill.

Off The same Variation, playing before selecting a

Fill, will be selected again.

1&2…3&4 The speciﬁed Variations will be alternatively

selected. For example, with the “1&2” option, Variation 1 and Variation 2 will be alternatively selected after the end of the Fill.

Up/Down The next higher/lower numbered Variation is

selected, in cycle. After Variation 4, an Up command will select Variation 1. After Variation 1, a Down command will select Variation

Inc/Dec The next higher/lower numbered Variation is

selected. When Variation 4 is reached, an Inc command will select Variation 4 again. When Variation 1 is reached, a Dec command will select Variation 1 again.

->1…->4 “Fill to Variation” (->1, ->2, ->3, ->4) automatically selects one of the four available Style Variations at the end of the ﬁll.

Style Play operating mode

Page 21 - Style controls: Wrap Around / Keyboard Range

PAGE 21 - STYLE CONTROLS: WRAP AROUND / KEYBOARD RANGE

In this page you can program the Wrap Around function and the Keyboard Range for the Style tracks.

StyCtl:Wrap/Rng

Prog:Orig W:7 KR:Or W:12 KR:Or W:12 KR:Or W:12 KR:Or W:12 KR:Or W:12 KR:Or

Here is the edit procedure:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to select a

parameter.

2. Use the F1-F4 buttons to move the cursor between the

parameter and its status or value.

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the parame-

ter’s status or value.

Prog (Program)

This parameter lets you select a different Program, other than the one recorded into the Style Element (Variations, Fills, Intros, Endings).

Note: This parameter is automatically set to On each time you assign a Program to any of the Style tracks, either from the front panel or via MIDI.

Original Style tracks always use the original Programs.

If you assign a different Program to a Style track, it may be reset to the original one when selecting a different Style Element.

On You can assign different Programs to each Style

track, and save them in a Performance or Style Performance. This becomes the only track’s Program for all Style Elements.

W (Wrap Around)

The wrap-around point is the highest register limit for the backing track. The accompaniment patterns will be transposed according to the detected chord. If the chord is too high, the Style tracks might play in a register that is too high, and therefore unnatural. If, however, it reaches the wraparound point, it will be automatically transposed an octave lower.

The wrap-around point can be set for each track in semitone steps up to a maximum of 12 semitones, relative to the chord root. This value will be the interval between the key speciﬁed by the Style Element and the wrap-around point.

1…12 Maximum transposition (in semitones) of the

track, referred to the original key of the pattern.

KR (Keyboard Range)

This parameter is an on/off switch for the Key Range parameter memorized into the Style.

Or(iginal) The Keyboard Range is used. When a track

goes over the lower or higher limit set by this (hidden) parameter, it is transposed, to play into the programmed range.

Off No Keyboard Range used.

PAGE 22 - PADS

This page lets you select a different sound or function for each of the four PAD buttons.

Pads

1:Crash Volume:127 2:Ride Pan:+00 3:China C Send:100 4:*StyleUp D Send:100

1-4

Each of the four PAD buttons. See “List of sounds assignable to the Pads” on page 226 and “List of functions assignable to the Pads” on page 227.

Note: Function names are preceded by an asterisk (*)

Volume

Volume for each of the four Pad tracks.

Pan

Pan for each of the four Pad tracks.

-64 Fully Left. 00 Centered. +63 Fully Right.

C Send

Send level to the C Internal FX processor (usually reverb) for each of the four Pad tracks.

D Send

Send level to the D Internal FX processor (usually modulating effect) for each of the four Pad tracks.

PAGE 23 - PREFERENCES: LOCK

You can “lock” various functions, to avoid they can be changed when selecting a different Performance, Style or Single Touch Setting.

Pref:Lock (Gbl)

M.Trnsp:On Pads :Off Scale :On AutoOct:On

Hint: When turning the instrument on, Performance 1 is automatically selected. Therefore, if you wish your parameters to stay unchanged, save your preferred default settings into Performance 1 (see “The Write window” on page 42), and turn these locks on.

Note: These settings are stored in the Global ﬁle. After changing these settings, press WRITE to save them into the Global. The Write Global window will appear (see “The Write window” on page 125).

Pads

Sounds or functions assigned to the Pads.

Style Play operating mode

Page 24 - Preferences: controls

Scale

When this lock function is On, the Scale parameter does not change when selecting a different Performance, Style or Single Touch Setting.

Auto Octave

This lock lets the instrument automatically transpose the Upper tracks when switching between the FULL UPPER and the SPLIT Keyboard modes.

On When switching to the FULL UPPER or SPLIT

Keyboard Mode, the Upper tracks transposition is left unchanged.

Off When switching to the FULL UPPER Key-

board Mode, the Upper tracks Octave Transpose is automatically set to “0”.

When switching to the SPLIT Keyboard Mode, the Upper tracks Octave Transpose is automatically set to “-1”.

M.Trnsp (Master Transpose)

The Master Transpose value is memorized into the Performance or Style Performance. To prevent the Master Transpose to be automatically changed when selecting a Style or Performance, this lock should be set to On.

On (Default) The lock is engaged. When selecting

a Style or Performance, the Master Transpose will not change.

Off The lock is turned off. When selecting a Style

or Performance, the Master Transpose value may change, according to the data memorized into the Performance or Style Performance.

PAGE 24 - PREFERENCES: CONTROLS

In this page you can set various general parameters for the Style.

Chord Recognition Mode

This parameter sets how chords are recognized by the autoaccompaniment engine. Please note that when in Full or Upper Chord Scanning mode, the Fingered 3 mode is always selected, and you must always play at least three notes, to let a chord be recognized.

Fingered 1 Play one or more notes, according to the

selected Chord Scanning Mode. A full Major chord will be recognized even if only a single note is played.

Fingered 2 You must always play three or more notes for a

full chord to be recognized. If you play just one note, a unison will be played. If you play a suspended 5th, a suspended chord will be played. The full chord will be recognized when you play three or more notes.

Fingered 3 You must always play three or more notes for a

chord to be recognized.

One Finger You can also compose a chord using a simpli-

ﬁed chord playing technique:

• If you play only one note, a Major chord is recognized.

• Play the root note, plus a white key on the left, for a 7th. Ex.: C3 + B2.

• Play the root note, plus a black key on the left, for a Minor chord. Ex.: C3 + Bb2.

• Play the root note, plus a white and a black key on the left, for a Minor 7th. Ex.: C3 + B2 + Bb2.

Pref:Ctl (Gbl)

ChrdRecMode:One Finger Scale Mode:RT Tracks Memory Mode:Chord Velocity Ctl:Start/Stop

Style Play operating mode

Page 24 - Preferences: controls

Scale Mode

This parameter determines which tracks will use the selected alternative scale (see “Scale” on page 44).

Realtime tracks

The scale will only affect the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

Upper tracks

The scale will only affect the Upper 1-3 Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

All Tracks The scale will affect all tracks (Realtime, Style,

Pads).

Memory Mode

This parameter sets the way the MEMORY button works. Chord When its LED is on, the MEMORY button

keeps the recognized chord in memory. When its LED is off, the chord is reset when raising the hand from the keyboard.

Chord + Lower

When its LED is on, the MEMORY button keeps the recognized chord in memory, and keeps the Lower track held until the next note or chord is played. When its LED is off, the

chord is reset when raising the hand from the keyboard, and the Lower track is not sustained.

Lower When its LED is on, the MEMORY button

keeps the Lower track held until the next note or chord is played. When off, the Lower track is not sustained when raising the hand from the keyboard. The chord is always kept in memory.

Velocity Control

Set this parameter to trigger a Fill or a Break simply by playing louder with your left hand. When playing on the Lower track with a velocity higher than 95, the selected Style Element will start. For this function to work, the SPLIT Keyboard Mode and LOWER Chord Scanning Mode must be selected.

Off The function is turned off. Break, Fill 1, Fill 2

When playing with a velocity higher than 95 on the Lower track, the selected element is automatically triggered.

Start/Stop You can start or stop the Style by playing

harder on the keyboard.

Style Record mode

The Style’s structure

10. STYLE RECORD MODE

By entering the Style Record mode, you can create your own Styles, or edit an existing Style.

THE STYLE’S STRUCTURE

The term “Style” relates with music sequences automatically played by the arranger of the Pa50. A Style consists of a predeﬁned number of Style Elements (E) (Pa50 features ten different Style Elements: Variation 1-4, Intro 1-2, Fill 1-2, Ending 1-2). When playing, these Style Elements can be selected directly from the control panel, using the corresponding buttons.

To explain the Style structure, we can use a tree-structure, as shown in the following diagram:

Pop Ballad

Variation 1

CV1

Drum Perc Bass Acc1 Acc2 Acc3 Acc4 Acc5

CV2

CV3

CV4

CV5

CV6

Variation 2

Variation 3

Variation 4

Intro1

CV1

CV2

Intro 2

Fill 1

Fill 2

Ending 1

Ending 2

Each Style Element is made up of smaller units, called Chord Variations (CV), but not all of them have the same number

of CVs. Variations 1-4 have up to 6 CVs each, while the other Style Elements have only up to 2 CVs.

When you play on the chord recognition area (Lower, Upper or Full, depending on the Chord Scanning section on the control panel), the arranger scans the keyboard and determines which chord you are playing. Then, depending on the selected Style Element, it determines which Chord Variation (CV) should be played for the scanned chord. Which Chord Variation corresponds to each scanned chord is a setting of the Style: the Chord Variation Table. Each Style Element contains a Chord Variation Table, whose prototype is the following:

Chord Chord Variations (CVs)

Variation 1-4 Intro 1-2, Fill 1-2, Ending 1-2

Maj

M7b5

Sus4

Sus2

M7sus4

min

m7b5

mM7

7b5

7sus4

dim

dimM7

aug

aug7

augM7

no 3rd

no 3rd, no 5th

CV1 – CV6 CV1 – CV2

After deciding what CV to play, the arranger triggers the right sequence for each track. Since each sequence is written in a particular key (for example, CMajor, GMajor or Emin), the arranger transposes it according to the scanned chord. Notes in the sequence are carefully transposed according to the Note Transposition Tables (NTT), to make them work ﬁne with all recognized chords. The NTT allows you to record just some Chord Variations, and have all the notes play in the right place, avoiding dissonances and transposing the pattern notes to the notes of the recognized chord.

Going deeper into the Style structure, we can see that each Chord Variation is made up of Track Sequences, and the Pa50 supports 8 different tracks. DRUM and PERC are used for drum and percussion sequences, BASS for bass and

Style Record mode

Style Import/Export

ACC1-5 are for accompaniment sequences (string, guitar, piano or other accompaniment instruments).

Just to summarize, when you play a chord on the chord recognition area, the arranger determines which Style Element is used, then determines which Chord Variation should be used for the played chord, then Style sequences for every track of that Chord Variation are transposed from the original chord to the recognized chord using the NTT, and so on every time you play a chord.

Note: The Break and the Count In are not Style Elements, and cannot be programmed by the user. While in record/edit, the BREAK/COUNT IN button does not work.

What to record

Recording a Style is a matter of recording tracks, inside a series of Chord Variations, inside a series of Style Elements, inside the Style itself.

You don’t need to record all Chord Variations for all Style Elements. It is often only necessary to record just a Chord Variation for each Style Element. Exceptions are the Intro 1 and Ending 1, where we suggest to record both a Major and minor Chord Variations.

STYLE IMPORT/EXPORT

You can use Korg’s Style To Midi application to exchange Styles between your computer and the Pa50, through the Standard MIDI File (SMF) format. The application is freely downloadable from www.korgpa.com. Please read the included instructions.

ENTERING THE RECORD MODE

While in the Style Play operating mode, press RECORD. The following page will appear in the display:

Record

Current Style New Style

• Select Current Style to edit the current Style. If it is a Factory Style, you will not be able to save it on the original location; you will select a User Style instead.

When editing an existing Style, the original Style Performance is recalled, but the following parameters are reset to their default values: Drum Mapping (0), Snare & Kick Designation (Off), Program (Original), Keyboard Range (Original). This means that you can hear some differences between the Style in play and the same Style being edited; for example, resetting the Drum Mapping may lead to some instrument’s replacement.

After editing the Style, please save it (see “Exit and Save/ Abort Style” below). Then, edit the Style Performance to adjust the track’s settings (Tempo, Volume, Pan, FX Send… see page 43 and following in the “Style Play operating mode” chapter) and save it by pressing the WRITE button.

• Select New Style to start from a new, empty Style. A default Style Performance will be recalled. When ﬁnished recording, you will save the new Style onto a User Style location.

After recording the Style, please save it (see “Exit and Save/Abort Style” below). Then, edit the Style Performance to adjust the track’s settings (Tempo, Volume, Pan, FX Send… see page 43 and following in the “Style Play operating mode” chapter) and save it by pressing the WRITE button.

Note: After a record or edit operation, the Style is rewritten in memory. When you press START/STOP there is a delay before you can actually listen to the Style. This delay is higher with a Style containing more MIDI events.

Note: While in Record mode, all footswitches are disabled.

LISTENING TO THE STYLE WHILE IN RECORD/ EDIT MODE

While you are in Record/Edit mode, you can listen to the selected Chord Variation or to the whole Style, depending on the page you are in.

To select a Chord Variation, go to the Main page of the Record/Edit mode (see “E (Style Element)” and “CV (Chord Variation)” on page 55).

• When you are in the Quantize, Transpose, Velocity, or Delete pages, you can listen to the selected Chord Variation. Press START/STOP to check how it works. Press START/STOP again to stop the playback.

• When you are in the Delete All, Copy, Style Element Controls or Style Control pages, you can listen to the whole Style. Press START/STOP and play some chords to do your tests. Select any Style Element using the control panel buttons (VARIATION 1-4, INTRO 1-2, FILL 1-2, ENDING 1-2). Press START/STOP again to stop the playback.

Note: When doing the above tests, the Fingered 3 Chord Scanning mode is automatically selected.

EXIT AND SAVE/ABORT STYLE

When ﬁnished editing, you can save your Style in memory, or abort any change. Press WRITE or RECORD to go to the Write page (see “The Write window” on page 54).

Note: When saving the Style in memory, Pa50 automatically compresses it to reduce its size and save memory.

Hint: Save often while recording, to avoid accidentally losing your Style.

Style Record mode

The Write window

THE WRITE WINDOW

This page appears when you press the WRITE or RECORD button while in Record mode. Here you can save the recorded or edited Style in memory.

Write to

Style name: NewBossa To: U1-01 Bossa

Abort

• To save the Style to the internal memory, press the A or B VOLUME/VALUE buttons, then press ENTER. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

• To return to the previous Style Record page, leaving all untouched and the Style unsaved, press EXIT.

• To delete all changes to the Style, press one of the D VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the Abort command. The “Are you sure message?” will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm deletion, or EXIT to return to the Write page.

Style name

Use this parameter to change the Style’s name. Press the right A VOLUME/VALUE button to enter editing, and modify the name using the UP/DOWN buttons to move the cursor, and the DIAL to select a character. Press INSERT to insert a character at the cursor position, or DELETE to delete it

To (Style number)

Use the B VOLUME/VALUE buttons, or the TEMPO/VALUE controls, to select a different User Style location in memory.

Note: Only User locations are available.

Abort

Select this command to delete any change to the Style.

LIST OF RECORDED EVENTS

The Style Record mode ﬁlters out some events that may damage the right operation of the Style. Here are the recorded events, and the most important ﬁltered-out events.

Control function CC# (Control Change Number)

Allowed

Note On

Control function CC# (Control Change Number)

Note Off*

Pitch Bend

Modulation 1 1

Modulation 2 2

Pan 10

Expression 11

CC#12 12

CC#13 13

Damper 64

Filter Resonance 71

Low Pass Filter Cutoff 74

CC#80 80

CC#81 81

CC#82 82

Not allowed

After Touch

Volume 7

All other Control Change messages

(*) A Note Off will always be inserted at the end of the

Chord Variation.

Note: Some Control Change messages cannot be recorded directly using Pa50 integrated controls.

FAST DELETE USING THE CONTROL PANEL BUTTONS

While in the Main page or the Style Tracks page, you can use the control panel buttons to delete various elements of the Style:

DELETE + note

When a track is selected, you can use this key sequence to delete a single note or a single percussive instrument.

If the Style is playing, this shortcut deletes the instrument only while the key is kept pressed, leaving all other notes untouched within the track.

DELETE + Track

While in the Style Tracks page, you can delete a whole track with a single shortcut. Keep the DELETE button pressed, then press one of the VOLUME/VALUE buttons corresponding to the track to be deleted. The “Are you sure?” message appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

Style Record mode

Main page

MAIN PAGE

After pressing the RECORD button, and selected the Style to record/edit, the Main page of the Style Record mode appears.

Chord

Style Play icon

NewBossa |T:DR

e:v1 cv:cv1 R:RT RL:2 CV Len:16 Metro:On1 Resol: Meter:4/4 C maj7 NTT:5th

Style name

Style Play icon

When this icon appears in the display, you are in Style Play or Style Record mode.

Chord

While in the Main and Style Tracks page, this area shows the Original Key/Chord (see “Original Key/Chord” on page 56) for the selected track.

Style name

This is the name of the Style in record/edit.

Measure counter

This counter shows the measure in record. The measure range is speciﬁed by the “RecLen” parameter (see “RL (Recording Length)” on page 55).

Track in record/edit

Most editing in this edit mode are executed on a single track. While in the main page, the currently selected track is shown on the upper right area of the display. The abbreviations are: DR (Drums), PC (Percussion), BS (Bass), A1…A5 (Accompaniment 1…5).

To select the track to edit, press TRACK SELECT to jump to the Style Tacks page (see “Style Tracks page” on page 56) and use the VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select it.

E (Style Element)

Use the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the line, and the F1 button to select this parameter.

This parameter lets you select the Style Element to put in edit. Each Style Element corresponds to one of the buttons on the control panel carrying the same name.

Note: When this parameter and the assigned value is in small letters (e:v1), the Style Element is empty; when it is in capitals (E:V1), it is already recorded

V1…V4 Variation 1 to Variation 4 I1…I2 Intro 1 to Intro 2 F1…F2 Fill 1 to Fill 2 E1…E2 Ending 1 to Ending 2

CV (Chord Variation)

Use the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the line, and the F2 button to select this parameter. This parameter lets you select the Chord Variation to edit, after selecting the Style Element this Chord Variation pertains to.

Measure counter

Track in record/edit

Note: When this parameter and the assigned value is in small letters (cv:cv1), the Chord Variation is empty; when it is in capitals (CV:CV1), it is already recorded

SE:V1…V4 You can select one of 6 Chord Variations to

edit.

SE:I1…E4 You can select one of 2 Chord Variations to

edit.

R (Recording Mode)

This parameters lets you select between the Realtime and the Step recording modes. Use one of the E VOLUME/VALUE buttons and the F3 function key to select this parameter. Change its status using the E VOLUME/VALUE buttons, or the TEMPO/VALUE controls.

RT Realtime. This methods allows you to record in

realtime each pattern of the Style.

Stp Step Record. This method allows you to enter

the events one at a time. See “Style Record procedure” below for more information.

RL (Recording Length)

This parameter sets the recording length (in measures) of the selected track. Its value is always equal to, or a divider of, the Chord Variation Length (see next parameter).

This is not the total length of the Chord Variation, but just of the current track. For example, you may have a Chord Variation eight measures long, with a drum pattern repeating each two measures. If so, set the CV Len parameter to “8”, and the RecLen parameter to “2” before starting recording the Drum track. When saving the Style, or executing any edit operation on the Style, the 2-measures pattern will be extended to the full 8-measures length of the Chord Variation.

Warning: If you assign CVLen a value lower than RecLen, the value of RecLen is not immediately updated in the display. Therefore, you are still free of changing the value of CVLen, before the measures exceeding its value are deleted (see warning in “CVLen (Chord Variation Length)” below).

However, if you press START/STOP to begin recording, the real RecLen value is changed to the new one, even if the display still shows the old value.

For example, you may have CVLen = 4 and RecLen = 4. If you set CVLen to 2, and press START/STOP to begin recording, RecLen is still shown as 4, but it is in reality set to 2, and recording will cycle for just 2 measures. After you press START/STOP to stop recording, RecLen is updated to 2, and all measures after the second measure are deleted.

CVLen (Chord Variation Length)

This parameter sets the total length (in measures) for the selected Chord Variation. When playing a Style, this will be the length of the accompaniment pattern to be cycled, when the chord corresponding to the Chord Variation is recognized on the keyboard.

Warning: If you reduce the Chord Variation Length after recording, any measure after the selected length will be deleted. Be very careful when setting the CVLen to a lower value after recording!

Metro (Metronome)

This is the metronome heard during recording. Off No metronome click will be heard during

recording. A one-bar precount will be played before starting recording.

Style Record mode

Style Tracks page

On1 Metronome on, with a one-bar precount

before starting recording.

On2 Metronome on, with a two-bar precount

before starting recording.

Resol (Resolution)

This parameter sets the quantization during recording.

 (1/32)… (1/8)

Grid resolution, in musical values. For example, when you select 1/16, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/16 division. When you select 1/ 8, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/8 division.

No quanti-

zation

1/16

1/8

Meter

This is the meter (time signature) of the Style. You can edit this parameter only when the Style is empty, i.e. before you begin recording anything.

Original Key/Chord

This is the track’s original key and chord. Use the D VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the line, and the F1 and F2 buttons to switch from the key/chord name and the key/ chord type (Maj, min…).

When in Style Play mode, this chord will be played back exactly as it was recorded, without any NTT processing (see below). To record just one Chord Variation for a Style Element, the suggested original key/chord is “maj7”. Be very careful to play the 7th+ note (i.e., with a “Cmaj7th” key/ chord, the B), to avoid the lack of notes, or a bad NTT conversion when playing different chords.

Note: To conform to Korg speciﬁcations, it is advisable to record both the “Major” and “minor” Chord Variations for the Intro 1 and Ending 1 Style Elements.

When you select a track, the original key/chord assigned to the selected track will be activated. All recorded tracks will play back on that key/chord. For example, if the original key/ chord for the Acc1 track is A7th, when selecting the Acc1 tracks all the remaining tracks will play according to the A7th key/chord.

In the above example, you will record the Acc1 track in the AMajor key, with notes that will comply with the A7th chord. This is the pattern that will be recalled exactly as it was recorded, when playing an A7th chord.

Copying the Key/Chord value to all other tracks of the same Chord Variation. While in this page, you can keep the SHIFT

button pressed, while pressing one of the [D] VOLUME/ VALUE buttons, to copy the Key of the currently selected track to all other tracks of the same Chord Variation. This function is useful to speed-up pattern programming, and to avoid having different tracks in different keys within the same Chord Variation.

NTT

The Note Transposition Table (NTT) determines how the arranger will transpose pattern notes, when playing a chord that does not exactly match to the original chord of a Chord Variation. For example, if you only recorded a Chord Variation for the CMaj chord, when a CMaj7 is recognized on the keyboard the arranger must transpose some notes to create the missing 7th.

Note: To conform to Korg speciﬁcations, it is advisable to set the NTT to “No Transpose” on the Intro 1 and Ending 1.

Root The root note (in CMaj = C) is transposed to

the missing notes.

5th The 5th note (in CMaj = G) is transposed to

the missing notes.

i-Series All original patterns must be programmed on

the “Maj7” or “min7” chords. When loading old Korg i-Series instruments, this option is automatically selected.

No Transp No transposition applied. The pattern will

always play as recorded. This is the standard setting of Intro 1 and Ending 1 in Korg’s original Styles.

As recorded with NTT = Root or 5th (Key/Chord = CMaj)

As recorded with NTT = i-Series (Key/Chord = CM7)

When you play a CM7 with NTT = Root

When you play a CMaj with NTT = i-Series

When you play a CM7 with NTT = 5th

When you play a CM7 with NTT = i-Series

STYLE TRACKS PAGE

While in the main Style Record page, press TRACK SELECT to jump to this page. Here you can see and select any Style track.

Style Element-Chord Variation

Style in record/edit

NewBossa |V1-CV1

Brush 2 Piano01 Perc Kit Guitar01 *AcouBass StrngEns2 AcouPiano2 VoxPad1

Style tracks

Program name

Select a track using the VOLUME/VALUE buttons. Select a Program using the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section.

While in this page, you can set the track’s volume using the VOLUME/VALUE buttons. Since the track’s volume is memorized in the Style Performance and not in the pattern, this setting will not be recorded and saved. However, this will

in record/edit

Style Record mode

Step Record page

allow you to play back louder any reference track, or the track you are recording.

Track status

When in the Style Tracks page, each track can be in one of three status.

Play (Visible status icon). This status is available

only for non-selected tracks. When in play, a track can play back the recorded pattern.

Mute (Hidden status icon). When in this status, you

can play the track on the keyboard, but you can’t record on it. This is useful to do some preliminary test, before actually start recording.

To set a track in mute, ﬁrst select it, then press both corresponding VOLUME/VALUE buttons to hide the status icon. To set the track in record again, press again the corresponding VOLUME/VALUE buttons.

Record (Flashing status icon). When in this status, the

track is ready to record. Just select a track to set it in record status.

STEP RECORD PAGE

Access this page from the Main page of the Style Record mode, by selecting the “Stp” recording mode (“R” parameter), and pressing START/STOP.

Previous event

Step V1-CV1 T:DR

(a)

M001.01.000 C4 V:64 D:85% M001.01.192 Meter: 4/4

(b)

key? V:64 D:85%

Event to be inserted

mode, before actually starting recording (see step 6 on page 58 for more information).

key?

This is a prompt, asking for a note or chord to be played on the keyboard, to enter an event on the current step.

Step value

Length of the event to be inserted. Use the NOTE VALUE buttons, on the lower left area of the control panel, to change this value.

 …  Note value.

Dot (.) Augments the selected note by one half of its

value.

Triplet (3) Makes the selected note a triplet note.

V (Velocity)

Set this parameter before entering a note or chord. This will be the playing strength (i.e., velocity value) of the event to be inserted.

KBD Keyboard. You can select this parameter, by

turning all counter-clockwise the dial. When this option is selected, the playing strength of the played note is recognized and recorded.

1…127 Velocity value. The event will be inserted with

this velocity value, and the actual playing strength of the note played on the keyboard will be ignored.

D (Duration)

Relative duration of the inserted note. The percentage is always referred to the step value.

50% Staccato. 85% Ordinary articulation. 100% Legato.

Current position

Waiting for a keystroke…

(a) section

Step value

Previously inserted event. You may delete this event, and set it in edit again, by pressing the < button.

(b) section

Event to be inserted. See the following parameters for information on each element of this section.

M (Measure)

This is the position of the event (note, rest or chord) to be inserted.

Meter

Meter of the current measure. This parameter can’t be edited. You can set the Meter in the Main page of the Style Record

Buttons used in Step Record mode

TIE button

Ties the note to be inserted to the previous note.

REST button

Inserts a rest.

NOTE VALUE buttons

Select the step value.

START/STOP button

Exits the Step Record mode.

< (Previous step)

Goes to the previous step, deleting the inserted step.

>> (Fast Forward)

Goes to the next measure, and ﬁll the remaining space with rests.

Style Record mode

Style Record procedure

STYLE RECORD PROCEDURE

There are two different methods for recording a Style: Realtime and Step.

• Realtime Recording allows you to record Style patterns in realtime.

• Step Recording allows you to create a new Style by entering the single notes or chords in each track. This is very useful when transcribing an existing score, or needing a higher grade of detail, and is particularly suitable to create drum and percussion tracks.

Preparing to record

1. If you like to edit an existing Style, select that Style.

2. Press RECORD to enter the Style Record mode. You are

prompted to select either the Current Style, or a New Style.

Record

Current Style New Style

wise, if you prefer to do a Step Record, jump to “Step Record procedure” on page 59.

Realtime Record procedure

1. When still in the Main page of the Style Record mode,

press one of the E VOLUME/VALUE buttons, to select the “R” parameter. Use these buttons, or the TEMPO/ VALUE controls, to select the “RT” (Realtime) recording mode.

R:RT

2. Press TRK SELECT to switch to the Style Tracks page.

Here you can assign the right Program to each Style track. (For more details, see “Style Tracks page” on page 56).

NewBossa |V1-CV1

Brush 2 Piano01 Perc Kit Guitar01 *AcouBass StrngEns2 AcouPiano2 VoxPad1

Select “Current Style” if you want to edit the current Style, or make a new Style starting from an existing one. Select “New Style” if you want to start from scratch with an empty Style.

3. After you select your preferred option, the Main page of

the Style Record mode will appear.

NewBossa |T:DR

e:v1 cv:cv1 R:RT RL:2 CV Len:16 Metro:On1 Resol: Meter:4/4 C maj7 NTT:5th

4. Use the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons, and the F1 and F2

function keys to select the E (Style Element) and CV (Chord Variation) parameter.

Note: For more information on the Style Elements and Chord Variations, and the Style structure in general, see “The Style’s structure” on page 52.

5. Use the RL (Recording Length) parameter to set the

length (in measures) of the pattern to step-record. Select this parameter using the E VOLUME/VALUE buttons and the F4 function key. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to set the value.

6. Use the Meter parameter to set the Style’s meter. You can

edit this parameter only if you selected the New Style option when entering the Record mode.

7. Set the tempo. Keep the SHIFT button pressed, and use

the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the tempo.

8. At this point, if you want to do a Realtime Recording go

on reading “Realtime Record procedure” below. Other-

3. If you like, you can set the tempo again from this page:

just use the TEMPO/VALUE controls.

4. Assign a Program to each track, by using the PRO-

GRAM/PERFORMANCE section.

5. If needed, set the Octave Transpose for each track. Note:

The Octave Transpose will affect only the notes coming from the keyboard, and not from the arranger.

6. Select the track to put in record. Its status icon will

begin ﬂashing.

Note: When entering the Record mode, the last selected track is already in record. When you press START/ STOP after entering the Record mode, you can immediately start recording.

If you like, you can try your part before recording:

• Set the track in mute, by pressing both corresponding VOLUME/VALUE buttons; the status icon disappears.

• Press START/STOP to play back the other tracks, if already recorded, and practice on the keyboard.

• When you have ﬁnished practicing, press START/ STOP to stop the arranger, and unmute the track by pressing both VOLUME/VALUE buttons; the track will be in record again.

7. While the status icon is ﬂashing, press START/STOP to

begin recording. Depending on the “Metro” (metronome) option you selected, a 1- or 2-bars precount may play before the recording actually begins. When it begins, play freely. The pattern will last for some measures, according to the RecLen value, then restart.

Since the recording will happen in overdub, you can add notes on any following passage. This is very useful to record different percussive instruments at any cycle on a Drum or Percussion track.

Note: While recording, the track’s Keyboard Range (see page 68) is ignored, and the track can play over the whole keyboard range. The Local parameter (see “Local” on

Style Record mode

Style Record procedure

page 127) is also automatically set to On, to allow playing on the keyboard.

8. When ﬁnished recording, press START/STOP to stop

the arranger. Select a different track, and go on recording the whole Chord Variation.

Note: You can select a different track only when the arranger is not running.

9. When ﬁnished recording the Chord Variation, select a

different Chord Variation or Style Element to go on recording the whole Style.

10. When ﬁnished recording the new Style, press WRITE or

RECORD to save it in memory. The Write page will appear:

Write to

Style name: NewBossa To: U1-01 Bossa

Abort

• To change the Style’s name: press the right A VOLUME/VALUE button to enter editing, and modify the name using the UP/DOWN buttons to move the cursor, and the DIAL to select a character. Press INSERT to insert a character at the cursor position, or DELETE to delete it.

• To select a different location in memory, press one of the B VOLUME/VALUE buttons, then select a location with these buttons or the TEMPO/VALUE controls.

Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or one of the D (Abort) VOLUME/VALUE buttons to abort the save. The “Are you sure?” message will appear in the display. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort. After pressing ENTER, you will exit from the Record mode.

If you press EXIT while in the Write page, you will go back to the previous Style Record page, without any change.

Step Record procedure

1. When still in the Main page of the Style Record mode,

press one of the E VOLUME/VALUE buttons, to select the “R” parameter. Use these buttons, or the TEMPO/ VALUE controls, to select the “Stp” recording mode.

R:Stp

2. Press TRK SELECT to switch to the Style Tracks page.

Here you can assign the right Program to each Style track. (For more details, see “Style Tracks page” on page 56).

NewBossa |V1-CV1

Brush 2 Piano01 Perc Kit Guitar01 *AcouBass StrngEns2 AcouPiano2 VoxPad1

3. Assign a Program to each track, by using the PRO-

GRAM/PERFORMANCE section.

4. Press START/STOP to turn on its LED and enter the

Step Record page. (See “Step Record page” on page 57 for more information on each parameter of this page).

Previous event

Event to be inserted

Step V1-CV1 T:DR

(a)

M---.--.--- Empty

(b)

M001.01.000 Meter: 4/4 key? V:64 D:85%

Current position

Waiting for a keystroke…

Step value

The ﬁrst two lines (a) are the latest inserted event. The last two lines (b) are the event currently in edit, ready to be inserted.

The “Empty” event marks the beginning of the pattern, when there are no events inserted. It is automatically inserted when entering the Record mode. It will be removed when an event is inserted.

5. The “Maaa.bb.ccc” parameter in (b) is the current posi-

tion. This is the place where the note in edit will be inserted.

• If you don’t want to insert a note at this position, insert a rest instead, as shown in step 7.

• To jump to the next measure, ﬁlling the remaining beats with rests, press the >> button.

6. To change the step value, use the NOTE VALUE buttons,

on the lower left area of the control panel.

7. Insert a note, rest or chord at the current position.

• To insert a single note, just play it on the keyboard. The inserted note length will match the step length. You may change the velocity and relative duration of the note, by editing the V (Velocity) and D (Duration) parameters. See “V (Velocity)” and “D (Duration)” on page 57.

• To insert a rest, just press the REST button. Its length will match the step value.

• To tie the note to be inserted to the previous one, press the TIE button. A note will be inserted, tied to the previous one, with exactly the same name. You don’t need to play it on the keyboard again.

• To insert a chord or a second voice, see “Chords and second voices in Step Record mode” below.

8. After inserting a new event, you may go back by pressing

the < button. This will delete the previously inserted event, and set the step in edit again.

9. When the end of the pattern is reached, the “End Loop”

(End of Loop) event is shown in the ﬁrst two lines of the display (a), and the recording restarts from the “M001.01.000” position. Any note exceeding the pattern length, inserted at its end, will be reduced to ﬁt the total length of the pattern.

Style Record mode

Style Record procedure

At this point, you may go on, inserting new events in overdub mode (the previously inserted events will not be deleted). This is very useful when recording a drum or percussion track, where you may want to record the bass drum on a ﬁrst cycle, the snare drum on the second cycle, and the hi-hat and cymbals during the following cycles.

10. When ﬁnished recording, press START/STOP to turn off

its LED. The Main page of the Style Record mode appears.

NewBossa |T:DR

E:V1 CV:CV1 R:RT RL:2 CV Len:16 Metro:On1 Resol: Meter:4/4 C maj7 NTT:5th

When exiting, the “RT” recording mode is automatically selected. You may press START/STOP to listen to

the Style. Press START/STOP again to stop the playback. To enter the Step Record mode again, select the “Stp”

recording mode, and press START/STOP.

11. From the Main page of the Style Record mode, press

RECORD to exit the Record mode. You will be prompted to assign a new name to the Style, and select a memory location where to save it. See “The Write window” on page 54 for information on how to save a Style.

Chords and second voices in Step Record mode

With Pa50, you are not obliged to insert single notes in a track. There are several ways to insert chords and double voices. Lets look at some.

Inserting a chord. When the “key?” prompt appears in the display, play a chord instead of a single note. The event’s name will be the ﬁrst note of the chord you pressed, followed by the “…” marking.

4. Press the third note, then release all notes. Inserting a second voice. You can insert passages where one

note is kept pressed, and another voice moves freely.

Ex. 1:





Off

Release E (continue holding C)



Off

Release G and C

Step Time =

Press E and C





Step Time =

Press G

Ex.2:





Step Time =



Off

Release G and C

Step Time =

Press C





Tie

Press G (continue holding C)

Ex.3:





Step Time =

Press F and C



Step Time =

Release F

(continue holding C)



Step Time =

OffOn On

Press G

(continue holding C)



C4 , V:64 D:85%

Inserting a chord with notes with different velocity values.

You can make the upper or lower note of a chord, for example, louder than the remaining ones, to make the most important note emerge from the chord. Here is how to insert a three-note chord:

1. Edit the Velocity value of the ﬁrst note.

2. Press the ﬁrst note and keep it pressed.

3. Edit the Velocity value of the second note.

4. Press the second note and keep it pressed.

5. Edit the Velocity value of the third note.

Step Time =

Off On

Release G

(continue holding C)

Step Time =

Press E

(continue holding C)



Step Time =

(continue holding C)



Step Time =

Release E and C

Press D

OffOn



Step Time =

Off

(continue holding C)



Release D

Style Record mode

EDIT PAGE STRUCTURE

Select an edit section from the Menu, and/or use the PAGE buttons to reach the desired page.

Press EXIT to go back to the main page of the Style Record mode.

All edit pages share the same structure.

Style Play icon

Page header Page number

Edit:Quantize

E:V1 CV:CV1 Trk:All Resol: S001-01-000 E001-01-192 Bottom:G-1 Top:C8

Style Play icon

When on, this icon indicates that the instrument is in Style Play mode.

Page header

The header shows the name of the current edit page. As a general rule, the header is divided in a ﬁrst word, identifying the section name (e.g., “Edit:Quantize” is an “Edit” section page), and a second word, referring to the page name (e.g. “Quantize”).

Section name Page name

Edit:Quantize

Page number

This area shows the current page number.

A-H

Each pair of VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons selects a different parameter of command, depending on the edit page. After selecting a parameter, you can change its value by pressing one of the two buttons in a pair, or using the TEMPO/ VALUE controls.

Style Record mode

Page 1 - Edit: Quantize

PAGE 1 - EDIT: QUANTIZE

The quantize function may be used to correct any rhythm error after recording, or to give the pattern a “groovy” feeling.

Edit:Quantize

E:V1 CV:CV1 Trk:All Resol: S001-01-000 E001-01-192 Bottom:G-1 Top:C8

After setting the various parameters, press ENTER to execute. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

E/CV (Style Element/Chord Variation)

(Non editable) These read-only parameters show which Style Element and Chord Variation are currently selected for editing. See the Main page “E (Style Element)” and “CV (Chord Variation)” parameters on page 55 for information on selecting a different Style Element and Chord Variation.

Trk (Track)

Use this parameter to select a track. All All tracks selected. Drum…Acc5 Selected track.

Resol (Resolution)

This parameter sets the quantization after recording. For example, when you select 1/8a, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/8 division. When you select 1/4, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/4 division.

No quanti-

zation

1/8

1/4

 (1/32)… (1/4)

Grid resolution, in musical values. An “a” after the value means no swing. A “b…f” after the value means swing-quantization.

S / E (Start/End)

Use these parameters to set the starting (S) and ending (E) points of the range to quantize.

If a Chord Variation is four measures long, and you want to select it all, the Start will be positioned at 1.01.000, and the End at 5.01.000.

Bottom / Top

Use these parameters to set the bottom and top of the keyboard range to quantize. If you select the same note as the

Bottom and Top parameters, you can select a single percussive instrument in a Drum or Percussion track.

Note: These parameters are available only when a Drum or Percussion track is selected.

PAGE 2 - EDIT: TRANSPOSE

In this page you can transpose the selected track(s).

Note: After transposing, please don’t forget to readjust the “Original Key/Chord” parameter in the Style Record page (see page 56).

Edit:Transpose

E:V1 CV:CV1 Trk:DRUM Value:+000 S001-01-000 E001-01-192 Bottom:G-1 Top:C8

After setting the various parameters, press ENTER to execute. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

E/CV (Style Element/Chord Variation)

Trk (Track)

Use this parameter to select a track. All All tracks selected, apart for tracks set in Drum

mode (like the Drum and Percussion tracks). The whole selected Chord Variation will be transposed.

Drum…Acc5 Single selected track.

Value

Transpose value (±127 semitones).

S / E (Start/End)

Use these parameters to set the starting (S) and ending (E) points of the range to be transposed.

If a Chord Variation is four measures long, and you want to select it all, the Start will be positioned at 1.01.000, and the End at 5.01.000.

Bottom / Top

Use these parameters to set the bottom and top of the keyboard range to be transposed. If you select the same note as the Bottom and Top parameters, you can select a single percussive instrument in a Drum or Percussion track. Since in a Drum Kit each instrument is assigned to a different note of the scale, transposing a percussive instrument means assigning the part to a different instrument.

Note: These parameters are available only when a Drum or

Style Record mode

Page 3 - Edit: Velocity

PAGE 3 - EDIT: VELOCITY

In this page you can change the velocity (dynamics) value of notes in the selected track.

Edit:Velocity

EV1 CV:CV1 Trk:DRUM Value:+000 S001-01-000 E001-01-192 Bottom:G-1 Top:C8

After setting the various parameters, press ENTER to execute. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

E/CV (Style Element/Chord Variation)

Trk (Track)

Use this parameter to select a track. All All tracks selected. The velocity for all notes of

the whole selected Chord Variation will be changed.

Drum…Acc5 Selected track.

Value

Velocity change value (±127).

S / E (Start/End)

Use these parameters to set the starting (S) and ending (E) points of the range to be modiﬁed.

If a Chord Variation is four measures long, and you want to select it all, the Start will be positioned at 1.01.000, and the End at 5.01.000.

Bottom / Top

Use these parameters to set the bottom and top of the keyboard range to be modiﬁed. If you select the same note as the Bottom and Top parameters, you can select a single percussive instrument in a Drum or Percussion track.

Note: These parameters are available only when a Drum or Percussion track is selected.

PAGE 4 - EVENT EDIT

The Event Edit page allows you to edit each event in a single track. See “Event Edit procedure” on page 64 for more information on the event editing procedure.

Event Edit

Trk: DRUM E:V1 CV:CV1 Position: 001.01.000 | Ev: Note F#2 72 Lenght:000.00.000 |

Trk (Track)

Track in edit. To select a different track, press one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons to open the Go To Track window.

Go to Track: DRUM Enter=Ok Exit=Cancel

Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to select a track, and press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

E/CV (Style Element/Chord Variation)

Selected Style Element and Chord Variation. This parameter can’t be edited. To select a different Style Element and Chord Variation, press EXIT to go back to the Main page of the Style Record mode (see “Main page” on page 55).

Position

Position of the event shown in the display, expressed in the form ‘aaa.bb.ccc’:

• ‘aaa’ is the measure

• ‘bb’ is the beat

• ‘ccc’ is the tick (each quarter beat = 384 ticks) You can edit this parameter to move the event to a different

position.

Ev (Event)

Type and values of the event shown in the display. Depending on the selected event, the value may change. This parameter also shows the (non-editable) “End Loop” marking, when the end of a track is reached.

Event First value Second value

Note Note name Velocity

Ctrl Control Change number Control Change value

Bend Bending value –

To change the event type, use the C VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the Event line, then use the same buttons or the TEMPO/VALUE controls to select a different event type.

To select and edit the event’s value, use the F3 and F4 function keys, and use the G/VOLUME/VALUE buttons or the TEMPO/VALUE controls.

Length

Length of the selected Note event. The value format is the same as the Position value.

Note: If you change a length of “000.00.000” to a different value, you can’t go back to the original value. This rather uncommon zero-length value may be found in some drum or percussion tracks.

Transport, navigation and editing controls

E/F and H VOLUME/VALUE buttons

These buttons are the “Scroll to previous event” (E/F) and “Scroll to next event” (H) controls. They corresponds to the scrolling arrows shown on the screen.

G VOLUME/VALUE buttons

Use these buttons to select the corresponding parameter value area.

Event Type

First value

Second value

Style Record mode

Page 5 - Event Filter

F3 and F4 buttons

After selecting the parameter value area with the G VOLUME/VALUE buttons, use these buttons to select, respectively, the ﬁrst and second value of the event in edit.

START/STOP button

Press START/STOP and play some chords on the keyboard to test the pattern in edit. Press START/STOP again to stop the pattern running.

SHIFT + << or >>

Keep the SHIFT button pressed and press the << or >> button to open the Go to Measure window.

Go to Measure: 1 Enter=Ok Exit=Cancel

Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to select a measure, then press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

INSERT

Press the INSERT button to insert a new event at the current shown Position. The default values are Type = Note, Pitch = C4, Velocity = 100, Length = 192.

After inserting an event, use the C VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the Event line, and the same buttons or the TEMPO/ VALUE controls to select a different event type.

DELETE

Press the DELETE button to delete the event shown in the display.

Control function CC# (Control Change Number)

Damper 64

Filter Resonance 71

Low Pass Filter Cutoff 74

CC#80 80

CC#81 81

CC#82 82

(a) Expression events cannot be inserted at the starting Position (001.01.000). An Expression value is already among the default “header” parameters of the Style Element.

Bend Pitch Bend events.

EVENT EDIT PROCEDURE

The Event Edit is the page where you can edit each single MIDI event of the selected Style Element. You can, for example, replace a note with a different one, or change its playing strength (i.e., velocity value). Here is the general event editing procedure.

1. Select the Style to edit, and press RECORD. Select the

“Current Style” option to enter recording. The LED on the RECORD button will turn on, and the Main page of the Style Record mode will appear.

Style Element

Chord Variation

PAGE 5 - EVENT FILTER

This page is where you can select the event types to be shown in the Event Edit page. You can access this page by pressing the PAGE+ button, while you are in the Event Edit page.

Edit: Ev. Filter

Note: Off Aftt: Off Prog: Off PAft: Off Ctrl: Off Bend: Off T/Meter: Off SysEx: Off

Turn Off the ﬁlter for all event types you wish to see in the Event Edit page.

Note: Some of the events are “ghosted”, and non editable, since the corresponding events are not editable in a Style.

Note Notes. Ctrl Control Change events. Only the following

Control Change numbers are allowed.

Control function CC# (Control Change Number)

Modulation 1 1

Modulation 2 2

Pan 10

Expression

CC#12 12

CC#13 13

(a)

NewBossa |T:DR

e:v1 cv:cv1 R:RT RL:2 CV Len:16 Metro:On1 Resol: Meter:4/4 C maj7 NTT:5th

2. Use the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons, and the F1 and F2

function keys to select the E (Style Element) and CV (Chord Variation) parameters.

Note: For more information on the Style Elements and Chord Variations, and the Style structure in general, see “The Style’s structure” on page 52.

3. Press MENU, and use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) but-

tons to select the Event Edit section. The Event Edit page appears (see “Page 4 - Event Edit” on page 63 for more information).

Event Edit

Trk: DRUM E:V1 CV:CV1 Position: 001.01.000 | Ev: Ctrl 11 110 |

4. Press START/STOP to listen to the selected Chord Varia-

tion. If you like, play some chords on the keyboard, to test the pattern. Press START/STOP to stop it.

5. Press PAGE+ to go to the Event Filter page, and turn

“Off” the ﬁlters for the event types you wish to see in the

Style Record mode

Ev: Note F#2 72

Event Type

First value

Second value

Event Edit procedure

display (see “Page 5 - Event Filter” on page 64 for more information).

Edit: Ev. Filter

Note: Off Aftt: Off Prog: Off PAft: Off Ctrl: Off Bend: Off T/Meter: Off SysEx: Off

6. Press PAGE- to go back to the Event Edit page.

7. Press the A VOLUME/VALUE button (Trk), to select the

track to edit. The Go To Track window appears.

Go to Track: DRUM Enter=Ok Exit=Cancel

Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to select a track, and press ENTER to conﬁrm (or EXIT to abort).

8. The list of events contained in the selected track (in the

Style Element and Chord Variation selected on step 2) will appear in the display. The ﬁrst step, or Measure Start, is currently shown. Since it contains an initialization event, it is not editable and appears “in grey” (i.e., written with a “ghost” character).

Position: 001.01.000 Ev: Ctrl 11 110

9. Press one of the H VOLUME VALUE buttons (Scroll

Down arrow), to go to the next step. This is usually a note, that you can edit.

Event Edit

Trk: DRUM E:V1 CV:CV1 Position: 001.01.000 | Ev: Note F#2 72 Lenght:000.00.000 |

For more information on the event types and their values, see “Page 4 - Event Edit” on page 63.

10. Use the B VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the Posi-

tion line. Use these buttons or the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the event’s position.

Position: 001.01.001

Measure Beat Tick

11. Use the C VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the Event

line. You may use the C VOLUME/VALUE buttons or the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the event type. Use the G VOLUME/VALUE buttons, and the F3 and F4 function keys to respectively select the ﬁrst and second value of the parameter. Use the G VOLUME/VALUE

buttons or the TEMPO/VALUE controls to modify the selected value.

12. If a Note event is selected, use the D VOLUME/VALUE

buttons to select the Length line, and use the same buttons, or the TEMPO/VALUE controls, to change the event’s length.

Lenght:000.00.000

Measure Beat Tick

• After having modiﬁed the shown event, you may scroll to the next event with the H VOLUME/VALUE buttons (Scroll to next), or to the previous event with the E/F VOLUME/VALUE buttons (Scroll to previous).

• You may use the SHIFT + << or >> shortcut to go to a different measure (see “SHIFT + << or >>” on page 64)

• As described in step 4, you may press START/STOP and play some chords to listen how the pattern sounds after your changes. Press START/STOP again to stop the pattern running.

13. Use the INSERT button to insert an event at the Position

shown in the display (a Note event with default values will be inserted). Use the DELETE button to delete the event shown in the display.

14. When the editing is complete, you may select a different

track (go to step 7), or a different Style Element and Chord Variation (press EXIT to go back to the Main page of the Style Record mode, then go to step 2).

15. When ﬁnished editing the whole Style, press WRITE to

open the Write Style page.

WRITE to:

Style name: Groove Bld To: U01-01 Foxtrot 3

Abort

• Use the A or E VOLUME/VALUE buttons to enter the Text Editing mode. Use the UP and DOWN buttons to move the cursor, and the dial to select a character.

• Use the B VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select a target location. The name of the Style already existing at the selected location is shown after the Style Bank-Location number.

Warning: If you select an existing Style and conﬁrm writing, the older Style is deleted and replaced by the new one. Save the Styles you don’t want to loose on disk, before overwriting them.

16. Press ENTER to save the Style to the internal memory,

or one of the D VOLUME/VALUE buttons (Abort) to delete any changes made in Style Record mode. When the “Are you sure?” message appears, press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to go back to the Write Style page.

Style Record mode

Page 6 - Edit: Delete

PAGE 6 - EDIT: DELETE

This page is where you can delete single elements or MIDI events out of the Style.

Edit:Delete

E:V1 CV:CV1 Trk:All Ev:Note S001-01-000 E001-01-192 Bottom:G-1 Top:C8

After setting the various parameters, press ENTER to execute. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

E/CV (Style Element/Chord Variation)

Trk (Track)

Use this parameter to select a track. All All tracks selected. After deletion, the selected

Chord Variation will remain empty.

Drum…Acc5 Selected track.

Ev (Event)

Type of MIDI event to delete. All All events. The measures are not removed from

the Chord Variation. Note All notes in the selected range. Dup.Note All duplicate notes. When two notes with the

same pitch are encountered on the same tick,

the one with the lowest velocity is deleted. A.Touch After Touch events.

Note: This kind of data is automatically removed

during recording.

P.Bend Pitch Bend events. PrChange Program Change events, excluding the bun-

dled Control Change #00 (Bank Select MSB)

and #32 (Bank Select LSB).

Note: This kind of data is automatically removed

during recording.

C.Change All Control Change events, for example Bank

Select, Modulation, Damper, Soft Pedal… CC00/32…CC127

Single Control Change events. Double Control

Change numbers (like 00/32) are MSB/LSB

bundles.

Note: Some CC data are automatically removed during recording. See the table on page 54 for more information on the allowed data.

S / E (Start/End)

Use these parameters to set the starting (S) and ending (E) points of the range to delete.

If a Chord Variation is four measures long, and you want to select it all, the Start will be positioned at 1.01.000, and the End at 5.01.000.

Bottom / Top

Use these parameters to set the bottom and top of the keyboard range to delete. If you select the same note as the Bottom and Top parameters, you can select a single percussive instrument in a Drum or Percussion track.

Note: These parameters are available only when the All or Note option is selected.

PAGE 7 - EDIT: DELETE ALL

This function lets you quickly delete a selected Style Element or Chord Variation, or the whole Style, resetting it to the default parameter’s values.

Edit:Delete All

Del:V1-CV1 Trk:All

After setting the various parameters, press ENTER to execute. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

When in this page, press the corresponding button on the control panel to select a Style Element (VARIATION1 … ENDING2).

Del (Delete)

Use this parameter to select the whole Style, a single Style Element, or a single Chord Variation.

All All Style Elements, i.e. the whole Style. When

Del=All and Trk=All, the whole Style is deleted, and all parameters set to the default

status. Var1…End2 Single Style Element. V1-CV1…E2-CV2

Single Chord Variation.

Trk (Track)

All All tracks of the selected Style, Style Element or

Chord Variation. Drum-Acc5 Single track of the selected Style, Style Element

or Chord Variation.

Style Record mode

Page 8 - Edit: Copy

PAGE 8 - EDIT: COPY

Here you can copy a track, Chord Variation or Style Element inside the same Style, or from a different one. Furthermore, you can copy a whole Style.

Warning: The Copy operation deletes all data at the target location (overwrite).

Edit:Copy

From:S01-01 8BeatMax From:V1-CV1 To:V1-CV2 FromTrk:DR ToTrk:DR

After setting the various parameters, press ENTER to execute. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

Note: If you copy too many events on the same “tick”, the “Too many events!” message appears, and the copy operation is aborted.

Note: When you copy over an existing Chord Variation, Program Change data is not copied, to leave the original Programs unchanged for that Chord Variation.

When in this page, press the corresponding button on the control panel to select a Style Element (VARIATION1 … ENDING2).

From Style

Use the ﬁrst parameter to select the source Style to copy the track, Chord Variation or Style Element from.

From… to Style Element/Chord Variation

Use these parameters to select the source and target Style Elements or Chord Variations.

Note: You can’t copy from a Variation to a different Style Element (or vice-versa), because of their different structure.

All All Style Elements, i.e. the whole Style. You

can’t change the target, that is automatically set

to All. Var1…End2 Single Style Element. V1-CV1…E2-CV2

Single Chord Variation.

From… to Track

Use these parameters to select the source and target track to copy.

All All tracks of the selected Style, Style Element or

Chord Variation. Drum-Acc5 Single track of the selected Style, Style Element

or Chord Variation.

Copying on a Chord Variation with a different length

You can copy a Chord Element on a different Chord Element with a different length. Just keep in mind the following:

• If the source length is a divider of the target length, the source Chord Variation will be multiplied to ﬁt the target Chord Variation. For example, if the source is 4measures long, and the target 8-measures, the source will be copied two times.

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

• If the source length is not a divider of the target length, the source Chord Variation will be copied for as many measures as can ﬁt the target Chord Variation. For example, if the source is 6-measures long, and the target 8-measures, the source will be copied once, then the ﬁst 2 measures will be copied to ﬁt the remaining 2 measures.

1 2 3 4

5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2

Note: Avoid copying on a Chord Variation with a different meter, for example a 4/4 Chord Variation onto a 3/4 one.

PAGE 9 - STYLE ELEMENT CONTROLS: PROGRAMS

In this page you can assign a different Program to each track of the selected Style Element. Each Style Element can have different Programs; after saving the new Style, please don’t forget to set the “Prog” parameter to “Original” (see “Prog (Program)” on page 49), to let the Style select the Program bypassing the Style Performance settings.

SECtl:Program V1

StandardDK Jazz GT PercKit 1 Brass FingerBass Vibes Ac.Piano VoxPad

When in this page, press the corresponding button on the control panel to select a Style Element (VARIATION1 … ENDING2).

To copy the settings of this page to another Style Element, keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press the button of the target Style Element.

Program

Use the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section to assign a Program to the selected track.

Style Record mode

Page 10 - Style Element Controls: Expression

PAGE 10 - STYLE ELEMENT CONTROLS: EXPRESSION

In this page you can modify the Expression (CC#11) value for each of the Style tracks. This lets you reduce the relative level of a track in a single Style Element, without reducing the overall Volume of the Style.

This is a very useful control, when you have different Programs assigned to the same track in different Style Elements, and the internal level of these Programs is different.

SECtl:Express.V1

Value: 100 Value: 100 Value: 100 Value: 100 Value: 100 Value: 100 Value: 100 Value: 100

When in this page, press the corresponding button on the control panel to select a Style Element (VARIATION1 … ENDING2).

To copy the settings of this page to another Style Element, keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press the button of the target Style Element.

Value

Use this parameter to set the Expression value for the corresponding track.

PAGE 11 - STYLE ELEMENT CONTROLS: KEYBOARD RANGE

The Keyboard Range automatically transposes any pattern note that would otherwise play too high or too low in pitch, compared to the original acoustic instrument, when transposed by the arranger. This will result in a more natural sound for each accompaniment instrument.

For example, the lower limit for a guitar is E2. If you play a chord under the E2, the transposed pattern could exceed this limit, and sound unnatural. A Bottom limit set to E2 for the guitar track will solve the problem.

Bottom/Top

Use these parameters to set the bottom and top of the keyboard range for the corresponding track.

PAGE 12 - STYLE ELEMENT CONTROLS: CHORD VARIATION TABLE

This is the page where you can assign a Chord Variation to each recognized chord. When a chord is recognized, the assigned Chord Variation will be automatically selected by the arranger to play the accompaniment.

SECtl:ChTable V1

Major: CV1 Minor: CV2 Seventh: CV1 Maj7th: CV2

When in this page, press the corresponding button on the control panel to select a Style Element (VARIATION1 … ENDING2).

E-F (Scroll Up), G-H (Scroll Down)

Use these buttons to scroll the available parameters in the display.

Chords / Chord Variation

Use these parameters to assign a Chord Variation to each of the enlisted chords.

PAGE 13 - STYLE CONTROLS: MODE/TENSION

In this page you can set the Retrigger mode for the Style tracks, and activate/deactivate the Tension for the Accompaniment tracks.

StCtl:Mode/Tens

- - - - - - M:Off T:On

- - - - - - M:Rt T:On M:Rp M:Rp T:On M:Rt T:On M:Rp T:Off

SECtl:KbdRng V1

- - - - - - C-1 G#9

- - - - - - C-1 G#9 C-1 G#9 C-1 G#9 C-1 G#9 C-1 G#9

Bottom

Top

Note: The Keyboard Range is ignored while recording. The selected track can play on the full range of the keyboard.

When in this page, press the corresponding button on the control panel to select a Style Element (VARIATION1 … ENDING2).

To copy the settings of this page to another Style Element, keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press the button of the target Style Element.

When in this page, press the corresponding button on the control panel to select a Style Element (VARIATION1 … ENDING2).

M (Mode)

This setting harmonizes the notes of the Bass track or the Acc1-5 tracks to the new chord when the chord is changed.

Off Each time you play a new chord, the current

notes will be stopped. The track will remain silent until a new note will be encountered in the pattern.

Rt (Retrigger) The sound will be stopped, and

new notes matching the recognized chord will be played back.

Rp (Repitch) New notes matching the recognized

chord will be played back, by repitching notes already playing. There will be no break in the

Style Record mode

Page 13 - Style Controls: Mode/Tension

sound. This is very useful on Guitar and Bass tracks.

T (Tension)

Tension adds notes (a 9th, 11th and/or 13th) that have actually been played to the accompaniment, even if they haven't been written in the Style pattern. This parameter speciﬁes

whether or not the Tension included in the recognized chord will be added to the Acc1-5 tracks.

On The Tension will be added. Off No Tension will be added.

Song Play operating mode

The Songs and the Standard MIDI File format

11. SONG PLAY OPERATING MODE

The Song Play operating mode is where you can listen to Songs (played directly from disk), and play along with the Song on the four Realtime (Keyboard) tracks (Upper 1-3, Lower). Since the Pa50 is equipped with two onboard sequencers, you can play two Songs at the same time. This is very useful to mix between two Songs during a live performance.

THE SONGS AND THE STANDARD MIDI FILE FORMAT

The native Song ﬁle format of the Pa50 is the Standard MIDI File (SMF), an universal standard set by all manufacturers. You can read these ﬁles with any musical instrument or computer.

A difference could be in the sound played by each track. If you recorded a Song with the Pa50 (Song mode), using only General MIDI programs, you can play the same Song on virtually any other musical instrument or computer. If you used KORG native programs, you cannot reproduce the same sounds on instruments from other brands.

When you read SMFs in Song Play mode, there is no problem reading ﬁles made using only General MIDI sounds. Sounds could be different when playing a Song made on a different instrument: despite the wide compatibility of Pa50 with other, non-standard formats, differences may arise.

If so, go to the Song operating mode and load the SMF. Then, manually reassign the non-matching Programs, replacing them with similar Programs on the Pa50. Then, save the SMF again, and you will be able to play it in Song Play mode with the correct Programs.

TRANSPORT CONTROLS

You can use the separate transport controls for each of the two onboard sequencers. Use the SEQ1 controls for Sequencer 1, and SEQ2 controls for Sequencer 2. See “SEQUENCER TRANSPORT CONTROLS - SEQ1 and SEQ2” on page 18 for more information).

MIDI CLOCK

In Song Play mode the MIDI Clock is always generated by the internal sequencer, even if the Clock parameter is set to External (see “Clock” on page 127). Pa50 transmits only the MIDI Clock message generated by Sequencer 1.

SELECTING A SONG COMPOSING ITS PROGRESSIVE NUMBER

Each Song on disk (up to 9,999) has a progressive number assigned. You can see this number before the Song’s name in the Song Select page.

While in the Main, Song Select, or Lyrics page, the STYLE section doubles as a numeric keypad. You can use it for composing the 4-digit number corresponding to the Song you wish to select; the folder selected in the Song Select page will become the current folder. This way, you can speed up the Song retrieval.

Selecting a Song in the Song Select page

1. Open the Song Select page.

2. Select the disk and open the folder containing the Song

to be selected. This folder will be used also in the Main and Lyrics page.

3. Compose the 4-digit number corresponding to the Song

you wish to select (for example: if the Song is number “1043”, dial 1, 0, 4, 3).

After the fourth digit has been inserted, the window automatically disappears, and the Song is selected.

• If the Song number is just 1, 2 or 3-digit long, dial the number, then press ENTER to conﬁrm (for example: if the Song is number “52”, dial 5, 2, ENTER).

Note: If no Song corresponds to the dialed number, the “Song not available” message appears. Press any button to make it disappear.

Selecting a Song in the Main page

While the S1 or S2 ﬁeld is selected, compose the number corresponding to the Song you wish to select. The current folder is the one selected in the Song Select page.

Selecting a Song in the Lyrics page

Compose the number corresponding to the Song you wish to select. The current folder is the one selected in the Song Select page.

SWITCHING BETWEEN SEQUENCERS DURING EDITING

When you enter Edit mode, you can edit the selected sequencer’s parameters. Go to the main page of Song Play mode, and select the S1 (A buttons) or S2 (B buttons) to select the sequencer you wish to edit (see “Main page” on page 72).

REALTIME AND SEQUENCER TRACKS

The Pa50 is equipped with a double sequencer. Each Song can play a maximum of 16 tracks, for a total of 32 sequencer tracks.

In addition, you can play on the keyboard with four additional Realtime tracks (Upper 1-3 and Lower). You can edit the Volume, Mute status, and Program selection for these tracks on the main page of the Song Play mode.

When you enter Song Play mode from the Style Play mode, the Realtime tracks are the same as the Style Play mode. A

0001 MYSONG.MID

Song number:

000-

Song Play operating mode

Master Volume, Sequencer Volume, BALANCE

quick way to select Programs and Effects for the Realtime tracks is choosing a different Performance.

MASTER VOLUME, SEQUENCER VOLUME, BALANCE

While the MASTER VOLUME slider controls the general volume of the instrument, you can use the ACC/SEQ VOLUME slider to control only the Sequencer’s tracks volume. This lets you adjust the Sequencer’s volume alone, while the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks are not affected by this slider.

Use the BALANCE slider to mix between Sequencer 1 and Sequencer 2. Move it to the center for the maximum volume of both sequencers.

EFFECTS IN SONG PLAY MODE

The Pa50 is equipped with four effect processors, or DSPs (Digital Signal Processors). In Song Play mode you can have two or four effects at the same time, depending on the midiﬁle you are reading.

Note: When playing back a Song that makes use of all four effects (A-D), you can’t edit any parameter devoted to the effects. These parameters appear greyed out in the display.

• A Song created on the Pa50 (in Song or Backing Sequence mode) can use up to 4 effects (usually 2 reverbs + 2 modulating effects); each track may use the A/B or C/D pair.

• A Standard MIDI File will only use 2 effects (usually 1 reverb + 1 modulating effect). This lets you use the remaining 2 effects for the Realtime tracks.

• When using both sequencers at the same time, and the “S2 FX Mode” is set to “A/B Mode” (see page 80), they only use the A/B pair, while the C/D pair is reserved to the Realtime (keyboard tracks).

• When using both sequencers at the same time, and the “S2 FX Mode” is set to “C/D Mode” (see page 80), Sequencer 1 uses the A/B pair, while Sequencer 2 uses the C/D pair, sharing it with the Realtime (keyboard tracks).

GROOVE QUANTIZE WINDOW

You can apply a realtime “groove-quantization” to Sequencer

1. Groove-quantization is a way of changing the music

groove during the playback, moving notes to the nearest axis of a rhythmic “grid”. Please feel free to experiment: this function is a great source of musical invention.

While in Song Play, press G.QUANTIZE. The following window will appear.

Enable

Enables/disable the quantize. It is automatically set to Off each time the instrument is turned on, or when selecting a different Song.

NStart (Note Start)

Enables/disables the quantization of the Note On event (i.e. beginning of the note).

NDurat (Note Duration)

Enables/disables the quantization of the Note Off event (i.e. the length of the note).

Res (Resolution)

Coarse quantize grill resolution. This parameter is the main quantization value, to be varied with the Acc, Swing and Window values.

 (1/32)… (1/4)

Grid resolution, in musical values (a “3” after the value means “triplet”). For example, when you select 1/8, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/8 division. When you select 1/4, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/4 division.

No quanti-

zation

1/8

1/4

Acc (Accuracy)

Accuracy percentage of quantize. For example, if Acc=50, and the note is 20 tics away from the coarse grid, it is moved to the grid of only 10 tics.

0 No accuracy. The quantize is not executed. 100 Maximum accuracy. The note is moved exactly

at the grid position.

Swing

Asymmetry of quantization. Grid axis are moved to the nearest grid axis.

0 Even-numbered axis are totally moved over the

previous odd-numbered axis. 50 Axis are perfectly equidistant. 100 Even-numbered axis are totally moved over the

following odd-numbered axis.

Swng=50

Swng=25

Groove Quantize

Enable:On NStart:On Acc(%):100 NDurat:On Swng(%):100 Res: Wndw(%):100

Press EXIT to exit this window.

Swng=75

Window

Area of quantize intervention, bordering the grid axis. 0 The quantize window corresponds to the axis.

No quantization happens.

Song Play operating mode

The Write window

100 The quantize window extends to the nearest

window; all events are quantized.

Win=0

Win=50

Win=100

THE WRITE WINDOW

You can save onto the internal memory a Seq1+Seq2 Setup. There is a separate Setup for each of the two onboard sequencers.

This Setup memorizes the Internal FX settings, the Internal/ External status of each track, and the Play/Mute status of each track. When a new Song is selected, the saved Setup is automatically recalled, and all parameters are reset.

• Globally setting the Internal FX parameters allows you, for example, to assign to all Songs a Reverb suitable for the venue where you are performing, without having to modify any of the Songs. (This is true only for nonPa50/80 Songs).

• Globally setting the Internal/External status allows you, for example, to send the Piano track of all Songs to a dedicated expander (just set globally the Piano track to the External mode).

• The Play/Mute status allows you to globally mute tracks that you don’t want to play during a show, for example the melody track. (This is ture only for non-Pa50/80 Songs).

For more information on the Internal FX settings for the Song Play mode, see “Page 3 - Mixer: FX send A/B” or “Page 3 - Mixer: FX send C/D”, and following, on page 76.

Here is the procedure to save the Seq1+Seq2 Setup in memory.

1. Press WRITE. The Write page appears.

WRITE:

Press 'Enter/Yes' to memorize the Seq 1/2 Setup

MAIN PAGE

Press SONG PLAY to access this page from another operating mode.

Note: When switching from Style Play to Song Play, the Song Setup is automatically selected, and various track parameters may change.

Press EXIT/NO to access this page from the Menu or any of the Song Play edit pages.

To see the Song’s tracks, use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from the main page (showing the Realtime tracks), to the other tracks. Pressed a ﬁrst time, you will see tracks 1-8 (enlightened TRACK SELECT LED); a second press will show tracks 9-16 (ﬂashing TRACK SELECT LED); pressed again, you will go back to the Realtime tracks (TRACK SELECT LED switched off).

Selected Sequencer

Song Play icon

No song

Song select commands

Song Play icon

When on, this icon shows that the instrument is in Song Play mode.

Page header

This line shows the currently selected sequencer, and the assigned Song (“S1:Song Name” or “S2:Song Name”).

When no Song is assigned to the current sequencer, this line shows only the selected sequencer number (“S1:” or “S2:”, depending on the selected sequencer).

When no sequencer or Song is selected, only the “No Song” text appears.

Press either A (S1:) or B (S1:) to switch between Sequencer 1 and Sequencer 2. When one of the sequencers is selected, the sequencer number is also shown at the right of the metronome Tempo.

Page header

S1: Piano01 S2: Guitar01 Lyrics StrngEns2 VoxPad1

Realtime (Keyboard) tracks

Measure number

2. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

If you conﬁrm, the Setup is saved into the Global. You may then save this Setup on disk together with the Global data.

When a Jukebox ﬁle is in play, its name appears on the page header.

Selected Sequencer

These indicators show if the currently selected sequencer is Seq1 or Seq2. Use the A and B VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select a sequencer.

Song Play operating mode

Tracks 1-8 page

Bar number

This counter shows the current bar number position of the selected Song.

A (S1:SongName)

Pressed a ﬁrst time (with a Song already selected) this button pair selects Sequencer 1. Pressed a second time (or with no Song selected), it opens the Song Selection page (see “Song Select page” on page 73), allowing for selection of a single Song or a Jukebox ﬁle for Sequencer 1.

If you select another Song, while a Song is in play within the same Sequencer, the new Song will start playing.

While this parameter is selected, you can select a Song by composing its progressive number (see “Selecting a Song composing its progressive number” on page 70).

B (S2:SongName)

Pressed a ﬁrst time (with a Song already selected) this button pair selects Sequencer 2. Pressed a second time (or with no Song selected), it opens the Song Selection page (see “Song Select page” on page 73), allowing for selection of a single Song for Sequencer 2.

If you select another Song, while a Song is in play within the same Sequencer, the new Song will start playing.

While this parameter is selected, you can select a Song by composing its progressive number (see “Selecting a Song composing its progressive number” on page 70).

C (Lyrics)

Open the Lyrics page (see “The Lyrics page” on page 74). Lyrics will be shown only if included into the selected Song, and compatible with a standard format that Pa50 can recognize.

E (Upper 1 Program), F (Upper 2 Program), G (Upper 3 Program), H (Lower)

Name of the Programs assigned to the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks. Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the corresponding tracks.

TRACKS 1-8 PAGE

To see and edit tracks 1-8, press TRACK SELECT from the main page. The TRACK SELECT LED turns on.

Press the TRACK SELECT button twice, to go back to the main page.

S1:MySong

Piano1 Piano1 DkStrings Guitar01 Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn VoxPad1

A-H (Tracks 1-8 Programs)

Name of the Programs assigned to tracks 1-8. Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the corresponding tracks.

TRACKS 9-16 PAGE

To see and edit tracks 9-16, press TRACK SELECT once from the Tracks 1-8 page, or twice from the main page. The TRACK SELECT LED begins ﬂashing.

Press the TRACK SELECT button again, to go back to the main page.

S1:MySong

Strings1 VocaEns DkStrings Bassi Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn Strings2

A-H (Tracks 9-16 Programs)

Name of the Programs assigned to tracks 9-16. Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the corresponding tracks.

SONG SELECT PAGE

This page appears when you press either the A (S1:) or B (S2:) button while you are in the main page. You can also access the Song Select page by pressing PAGE +.

Press EXIT (or PAGE-) to go back to the main page of the Song Play operating mode, without selecting a Song.

Song Selection

CLUB | BALLADS 0001 MYSONG.MID | FD SELECT OPEN CLOSE

While in this page, select a Song for the selected Sequencer, or a Jukebox ﬁle for Sequencer 1.

Note: There is a separate working directory for each onboard sequencer.

A-C (File, folder)

Move the “.MID”, “.KAR” or “.JBX” ﬁle, or folder, to be selected to the ﬁrst line of the display. To select a ﬁle, press the F2 (Select) button. To open a folder, press the F3 (Open) button.

The “ ” symbol identiﬁes a folder.

E-F (Scroll Up)

Scroll the list up. Keep SHIFT pressed and press one of these buttons to jump to the previous alphabetical section.

G-H (Scroll Down)

Scroll the list down. Keep SHIFT pressed and press one of these buttons to jump to the next alphabetical section.

F1 (FD)

Press this button after replacing a ﬂoppy disk in the ﬂoppy disk drive. The new ﬂoppy disk will be read, and the ﬁle list shown on the display will be updated.

F2 (Select)

Selects the item on the ﬁrst line in the display (Song or Jukebox ﬁle). If a Song is already playing, it stops, and the new Song starts playing. You are returned to the Main page.

Song Play operating mode

The Lyrics page

F3 (Open)

Opens the selected folder (item whose name begins with

“ ”).

F4 (Close)

Closes the current folder, returning to the parent (“upper”) folder.

THE LYRICS PAGE

This page shows the lyrics and chord abbreviations included in the midiﬁle (if any).

To access this page, select the Lyrics command, or press PAGE+ twice, from the main page of the Song Play mode (see “Main page” on page 72).

Chords

S1:Michelle

Michelle, ma belle

Note: The Jukebox ﬁle can be assigned to the Sequencer 1 only.

Note: To create a Jukebox ﬁle, go to the Jukebox page (see

page 79). Warning: Should you delete a Song included into the Jukebox

list currently in play, the sequencer will stop, and the “No Song” message will appear. At this point, press SHIFT+>> (Seq1) to go to the next Song, and press PLAY/STOP again.

Transport controls

When you select a Jukebox ﬁle, Sequencer 1 transport controls are slightly different than with single Songs.

<< and >> Pressed alone, these buttons are the Rewind

and Fast Forward commands.

Keep the SHIFT button pressed, and press these buttons to scroll to the previous or next Song in the Jukebox list.

PAUSE Pauses the Song at the current position. Press

PAUSE or PLAY/STOP to start the Song playing again.

PLAY/STOP Starts or stops the current Song. When you

stop the Song, the sequencer goes back to measure 1 of the current Song.

If the Jukebox page is open, you can start from the Song at the ﬁrst line of the display. See “Page 9 - Jukebox” on page 79.

Exit from this display, and go back to the main page of the Song Play mode, by pressing the EXIT button.

While the Song is playing, the text ﬂows in the display, and the chord abbreviations (if any) will appear on the chords area of the display. The lyrics at the current position are underlined:

Michelle, ma belle

A (1)

Press this button pair to show Lyrics and Chords of Sequencer 1.

B (2)

Press this button pair to show Lyrics and Chords of Sequencer 2.

PLAYING A JUKEBOX FILE

With Sequencer 1, you can select a Jukebox ﬁle (a ﬁle with the “.JBX” extension) instead of a single Song. This lets you play a list of Songs without multiple selections.

S1:MEDLEY1.JBX

S1:Sunday Piano01 S2:no song Guitar01 Lyrics StrngEns2 VoxPad1

EDIT PAGE STRUCTURE

Select an edit section from the Menu, and/or use the PAGE buttons to reach the desired page.

Press EXIT to go back to the main page of the Song Play mode.

Song Play operating mode

Page 1 - Mixer: Volume

All edit pages share the same structure.

Selected Sequencer

Song Play icon

Page header Page number

Mixer:Volume

|||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 092 |||| 090 |||| 086 |||| 090 ||||| 112

Song Play icon

When on, this icon indicates that the instrument is in Song Play mode.

Page header

The header shows the name of the current edit page. Usually, the header is divided into a ﬁrst word, identifying the section name (e.g., “Mixer:FX Send” is a “Mixer” section page), and a second word, referring to the page name (e.g. “FX Send”).

Section name Page name

A-H

Each pair of VOLUME/VALUE buttons select a different parameter of command, depending on the edit page.

PAGE 1 - MIXER: VOLUME

Here you can adjust the volume for each of the 16 sequencer tracks. Press both VOLUME/VALUE button to mute/unmute the corresponding track.

A muted track remains muted even when selecting a different Song.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch between Song tracks 1-8, Song tracks 9-16, and back again.

Mixer:Volume

|||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 092 |||| 090 |||| 086 |||| 090 ||||| 112

Mixer:FX Send

Selected Sequencer

These indicators show if the currently selected sequencer is Seq1 or Seq2. Go to the Main page and use the A and B VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select a sequencer.

Page

This area shows the current page number.

Mixer:Volume

|||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 092 |||| 090 |||| 086 |||| 090 ||||| 112

Song Play operating mode

Page 2 - Mixer: Pan

PAGE 2 - MIXER: PAN

Here you can adjust the pan for each Song track. Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch between Song

tracks 1-8, Song tracks 9-16, and back again.

Mixer:Pan

C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00

Mixer:Pan

C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00

Pan

-64 Hard Left. +00 Center. +63 Hard Right. Off The direct (uneffected) signal does not go to

the outputs; only the FX signal is heard for this track.

Note: When you stop the Song, or select a different Song, the default effects are selected again. You can, however, stop the Song, change the effects, then start the Song again. Edit the Song in Song mode to permanently change the effects.

Here is the edit procedure:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to select a

track.

2. Use the F1-F4 buttons to select a parameter for that

track.

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the parame-

ter’s value.

Parameters

000 No effect. Only the direct (uneffected) signal

goes to the outputs.

127 100% effect. The direct (uneffected) and

effected signals go to the outputs with the same level.

PAGE 3 - MIXER: FX SEND C/D

This page lets you set the level of the track’s direct (uneffected) signal going to the C and D Internal FX processors.

Note: You can access this page only while editing the Sequencer 2, and the “S2 FX Mode” parameter is set to “CD Mode” (see page 80).

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from tracks 1-8 to tracks 9-16.

PAGE 3 - MIXER: FX SEND A/B

This page lets you set the level of the track’s direct (uneffected) signal going to the A and B Internal FX processors (usually assigned to Sequencer 1).

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from tracks 1-8 to tracks 9-16.

Mixer:FXSend

A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:127 B:020 A:100 B:050 A:110 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050

Mixer:FXSend

A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:127 B:020 A:100 B:050 A:110 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050

Note: When playing back a Song that makes use of all four effects (A-D), you can’t edit any effect parameter. These parameters appear greyed out in the display.

Mixer:FXSend

C:100 D:050 C:100 D:050 C:127 D:020 C:100 D:050 C:110 D:050 C:100 D:050 C:100 D:050 C:100 D:050

Mixer:FXSend

C:100 D:050 C:100 D:050 C:127 D:020 C:100 D:050 C:110 D:050 C:100 D:050 C:100 D:050 C:100 D:050

Here is the edit procedure:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to select a

track.

2. Use the F1-F4 buttons to select a parameter for that

track.

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the parame-

ter’s value.

Parameters

000 No effect. Only the direct (uneffected) signal

goes to the outputs.

127 100% effect. The direct (uneffected) and

effected signals go to the outputs with the same level.

Song Play operating mode

Page 4 - FX: A/B Select

PAGE 4 - FX: A/B SELECT

This page lets you select the A and B effects. Usually, the A effect is a reverb, while the B effect is a modulating effect.

Effects A and B are usually reserved to Sequencer 1. You can, however, create Songs by using all four effects in Song mode. Depending on the status of the “S2 FX Mode” parameter, this effect pair could be reserved to Sequencer 2, too (see page 80).

FX:A/B Select

A:02 B:97 BigHall MlwChrs

ModTrk:Up1 B>Asend:127

Note: When playing back a Song that makes use of all four effects (A-D), you can’t edit any effect parameter. These parameters appear greyed out in the display.

A, B

ModTrk (Modulating Track)

Source track for modulating MIDI messages. You can modulate an effect parameter with a MIDI message generated by a physical controller.

B>Asend (B>A Send)

Amount of the B effect going back to the input of the A effect.

PAGE 4 - FX: C/D SELECT

This page lets you select the C and D effects. Usually, the C effect is a reverb, while the D effect is a modulating effect.

Effects C and D are usually reserved to Sequencer 2 and the Realtime tracks. You can, however, create Songs using all four effects in Song mode. Depending on the status of the “S2 FX Mode” parameter, Sequencer 2 might also use the A/B effect pair (see page 80).

FX:C/D Select

C:02 D:97 BigHall MlwChrs

ModTrk:Up1 D>Csend:127

Note: When playing back a Song that makes use of all four effects (A-D), you can’t edit any effect parameter. These parameters appear greyed out in the display.

Note: When you stop the Song, or select a different Song, the default effects are selected again. You can, however, stop the

Song, change the effects, then start the Song again. Edit the Song in Song mode to permanently change the effects.

C, D

ModTrk (Modulating Track)

Source track for modulating MIDI messages. You can modulate an effect parameter with a MIDI message generated by a physical controller.

D>Csend (D>C Send)

Amount of the D effect going back to the input of the C effect.

PAGE 5 - FX: A EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the A effect (usually, reverb for Sequencer 1).

FX:A Edit

Rev Time [sec]: 3.07 | High Damp [%]:0 Pre Dly [ms]:0 Pre Dly Thru [%]:0 |

Use the E-F and G-H VOLUME/VALUE button pairs to scroll the parameter list.

Use the A-D VOLUMME/VALUE button pairs to select and edit a parameter.

Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to edit the selected parameter.

Note: When playing back a Song that makes use of all four effects (A-D), you can’t edit any effect parameter. These parameters appear greyed out in the display.

Parameters

See “Effects” on page 175 for a list of available parameters for each effect type.

PAGE 6 - FX: B EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the B effect (usually modulating effect for Sequencer 1). For more details, see “Page 5 - FX: A editing” above.

PAGE 5 - FX: C EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the C effect. You can access this page only when the “S2 FX Mode” parameter is set to C/D (see “S2 FX Mode” on page 80). For more details, see “Page 5 - FX: A editing” above.

Note: C and D effects are used also by the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

Song Play operating mode

Page 6 - FX: D editing

PAGE 6 - FX: D EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the D effect. You can access this page only when the “S2 FX Mode” parameter is set to C/D (see “S2 FX Mode” on page 80). For more details, see “Page 5 - FX: A editing” above.

Note: C and D effects are used also by the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks.

PAGE 7 - TRACK: MODE

This page lets you set the polyphony mode for each Song track.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from tracks 1-8 to tracks 9-16.

Track:Mode

Poly Poly Poly Poly Poly Poly Poly Poly

PAGE 8 - TRACK: INTERNAL/EXTERNAL

This page lets you set the Internal or External status for each track. It is very useful to let a Song track drive an external expander.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from tracks 1-8 to tracks 9-16.

Track:Int/Ext

Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal External Internal Internal

Track:Int/Ext

Internal Internal Internal Internal Internal External Internal Internal

Track:Mode

Poly Mono Right Drum Poly Drum Poly Poly Poly

Parameters

Drum This is a Drum/Percussion track. No Master or

Octave Transpose applies to this track.

Poly Tracks of this kind are polyphonic, i.e. they can

play more than one note at the same time.

Mono Tracks of this kind are monophonic, i.e. each

new note stops the previous note.

Mono Right A Mono track, but with priority assigned to

the rightmost (highest) note.

Parameters

Internal The track plays the sounds generated by the

internal sound engine. It does not play an external instrument connected to the MIDI OUT.

External The track plays an external instrument con-

nected to the MIDI OUT. It does not play the internal sounds, therefore saving polyphony.

121- 3- 0

CC#0

Both The track plays both the internal sounds and

an external instrument connected to the MIDI OUT.

CC#32

Song Play operating mode

Page 9 - Jukebox

PAGE 9 - JUKEBOX

The Jukebox function lets you play a list of Songs (127 max), at the simple touch of a button. You can play a Jukebox ﬁle by selecting it in the Song Select page (see “Playing a Jukebox ﬁle” on page 74), just as if it was a normal Song.

JB List:NEW_NAME

01 Sunday.mid | 02 Likeavrg.mid | SAVE ADD INS DEL

In this page, you can create, edit and save a Jukebox ﬁle. If a Jukebox ﬁle is already selected into a Sequencer, you will enter this page with that ﬁle ready to be edited. Otherwise, you will enter this page with an empty “NEW_NAME.JBX” ﬁle.

To create a new ﬁle, even when a Jukebox ﬁle is already selected, press SHIFT+ F4 (Del), and conﬁrm with ENTER (see below the “F4 (Del)” paragraph).

When you press PLAY/STOP from this page, the Jukebox playback begins from the currently selected Song (i.e., the Song on the ﬁst line of the display).

F1 (Save)

Press this button to save the Jukebox ﬁle on disk. The Jukebox Save page appears, allowing you to save your ﬁle on disk.

4. When you have ﬁnished writing a name, press F2 (Save)

to conﬁrm. The “Are you sure?” message appears. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

F2 (Add)

Adds a Song at the end of the current list. You can add up to 127 Songs in a list.

Note: A Jukebox list can include only Songs contained in the same folder.

F3 (Ins)

Inserts a Song at the cursor position (i.e., the ﬁrst line of the display). All subsequent Songs are moved to the next highernumbered slot. You can add up to 127 Songs in a list.

Note: A Jukebox list can include only Songs contained in the same folder.

F4 (Del)

This command let’s you delete the Song on the ﬁrst line of the display.

Pressed while keeping SHIFT pressed, the whole Jukebox list is deleted. (The instrument asks for a conﬁrmation with the “Are you sure?” message; press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to abort).

The Jukebox ﬁle name changes to “NEW_NAME.JBX”.

PAGE 10 - PREFERENCES

In this page, you can set various general parameters.

JBX Save

NEW_NAME.JBX | MEDLEY1.JBX | HD SAVE ABORT

Note: You can save your “.JBX” ﬁle only in the same folder as the Songs in the list.

You can create a new ﬁle, or overwrite an existing one.

1. Move to the ﬁrst line of the display the “.JBX” ﬁle you

want to save your list into. Select an existing ﬁle if you want to overwrite it. Select the “NEW_NAME.JBX” item to create a new ﬁle.

Use the E-F (Scroll Up) and G-H (Scroll Down) VOLUME/VALUE buttons, or the TEMPO/VALUE controls to scroll the list.

2. If you are making a new ﬁle, when the

“NEW_NAME.JBX” item is on the ﬁrst line of the display, press one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons. You are prompted to assign a name to the selected item:

NEW_NAME

3. Move the cursor using the DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons.

Select a character using the DIAL. Insert a character at the cursor position by pressing the INSERT button. Delete a character at the cursor position by pressing the DELETE button.

Preferences (Gbl)

Link Mode:Off S2 FX Mode:CD Perf. FX Mode:CD

Use the A-D VOLUME/VALUE button pairs to select a parameter.

Note: You can always start both sequencers simultaneously. Start both sequencers simultaneously by keeping SHIFT held down while pressing one of the PLAY/STOP controls.

Link Mode

The two onboard Sequencers can work each with a different Tempo (Off), or use the same Tempo (Link modes).

Off The sequencers Tempo are not linked. Each

sequencer uses its own Tempo.

Link Measure

The two sequencers Tempo are linked together. The Tempo data written into the Songs are ignored. Adjust the Tempo using the TEMPO/ VALUE controls.

Start one of the sequencers, by pressing its own PLAY/STOP control. Then, start the other sequencer, by pressing the other PLAY/STOP control; the second sequencer starts at the next measure.

Song Play operating mode

Saving a list of Songs

Link Beat The two sequencers Tempo are linked together.

The Tempo data written into the Songs are ignored. Adjust the Tempo using the TEMPO/ VALUE controls.

Start one of the sequencers, by pressing its own PLAY/STOP control. Then, start the other sequencer, by pressing the other PLAY/STOP control; the second sequencer starts at the next beat (quarter or octave, depending on the Song’s Time Signature).

S2 FX Mode

This parameter selects the effects mode for Sequencer 2. When a 4-effects Song is loaded, all four effects are used, independently from this setting.

AB The A and B effect pair is used. Sequencer 2

shares its effects with Sequencer 1.

CD The C and D effect pair is used.

Note: When this parameter is set to CD, Sequencer 2 shares its effects with the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks, so these effects can be changed either selecting a Song for Sequencer 2, or selecting a Performance (unless the “Performance FX Mode” parameter is set to Off – see below).

Performance FX Mode

This parameter selects the effects mode for the Performance. Off When selecting a Performance, no effect is

selected.

CD The Performance selects the C and D effect

pair.

Note: When both this parameter and the “S2 FX Mode” parameter are set to CD, Sequencer 2 shares its effects with the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks, so these effects can be changed either selecting a Song for Sequencer 2, or selecting a Performance.

SAVING A LIST OF SONGS

How to save a list of Songs contained in a folder

1. Press SONG PLAY to select the Song Play operative

mode.

2. Press one of the A (S1:) VOLUME/VALUE button to

select the Load Song page.

3. Use the F3 (Open) and F4 (Close) buttons to browse

through the folders inside the ﬂoppy disk.

4. Move the folder you are looking for to the ﬁrst line of

the display. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls, or the E-F (Scroll Up) and G-H (Scroll Down) VOLUME/VALUE buttons.

5. Once the folder is selected, press SHIFT + F2.

6. A dialog box will appear, asking you to insert a new

ﬂoppy disk into the disk drive. Insert the disk, and press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

Note: The text ﬁle will contain a list of “*.mid”, “*.kar” and “*.jbx” ﬁles only (i.e., the ﬁles you can select using the numeric keypad – see “Selecting a Song composing its progressive number” on page 70). Folders and different kinds of ﬁles will not be included.

When saved, the text ﬁle will be named after the selected folder. For example, a folder named “Dummy” will generate a “Dummy.txt” ﬁle. If a ﬁle with the same name already exists on the ﬂoppy disk, it will be overwritten without waiting for any conﬁrmation. A ﬁle containing the list of all valid ﬁles contained into the root of the disk will generate a “Root.txt” ﬁle.

The list will include the progressive number assigned to each Song, ﬁle names in MS-DOS format (8.3), the total number of ﬁles in the list.

For the correct display and printing of the list on a personal computer, use a ﬁxed size (i.e., non-proportional) character in your text editor.

Warning: While the list may contain more than 9999 ﬁles, you can’t select Songs outside the 0001-9999 range when using the numeric keypad.

Song Play operating mode

Saving a list of Songs

How to save a list of Songs contained in a Jukebox ﬁle

1. Press SONG PLAY to select the Song Play operative

mode.

2. To select an existing Jukebox ﬁle, press one of the A (S1:)

VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the Load Song page. If you are creating a new Jukebox ﬁle, press MENU

instead, select the Jukebox page, and jump to step 7.

3. Use the F3 (Open) and F4 (Close) buttons to browse

through the folders inside the ﬂoppy disk.

4. Move the folders and ﬁles to select to the ﬁrst line of the

display. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls, or the E-F (Scroll Up) and G-H (Scroll Down) VOLUME/VALUE buttons.

5. When the Jukebox ﬁle you are looking for is selected,

press F2 (Select) to select it.

6. Once the Jukebox ﬁle is selected, press MENU and select

the Jukebox page.

7. While you are in the Jukebox page, press SHIFT + F2 to

save the list.

8. A dialog box will appear, asking you to insert a new

ﬂoppy disk into the disk drive. Insert the disk, and press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT to abort.

Note: When saved, the text ﬁle will be named after the selected Jukebox ﬁle. For example, a Jukebox ﬁle named “Dummy.jbx” will generate a “Dummy.txt” ﬁle. A new, unnamed Jukebox ﬁle will generate a “New_name.txt” ﬁle. If a ﬁle with the same name already exists on the ﬂoppy disk, it will be overwritten without waiting for any conﬁrmation.

The list will include the progressive number assigned to each Song, ﬁle names in MS-DOS format (8.3), the total number of ﬁles in the list.

For the correct display and printing of the list on a personal computer, use a ﬁxed size (i.e., non-proportional) character in your text editor.

Backing Sequence operating mode

Transport controls

12. BACKING SEQUENCE OPERATING MODE

The Backing Sequence mode lets you record a live performance with the Styles. The front panel controls work mostly as in Style Play mode, but here you are recording what you are playing. After recording, the result is a new Song made of the Realtime tracks and the Style tracks.

REALTIME RECORDING MODE

While in Backing Sequence mode, you can record a new Song in realtime mode (i.e., recording exactly what you play). Realtime (Keyboard) tracks will be Song tracks 1-4, Pads will be Song tracks 5-8, while Style tracks will be Song tracks 9-

16.

TRANSPORT CONTROLS

When in Backing Sequence mode, use SEQ1 transport controls (PLAY/STOP, PAUSE…). See “SEQUENCER TRANS-

1. Enter the Backing Sequence mode.

2. Press RECORD. You will be prompted to select the Real-

time Recording mode, or the Chord/Acc Step Mode. PORT CONTROLS - SEQ1 and SEQ2” on page 18 for more information).

THE BACKING SEQUENCE, SONG AND SONG PLAY MODES

The Backing Sequence and Song modes are linked together: go to Backing Sequence mode to record a Song, and switch to Song mode to edit it.

Since they use the same sequencer and memory area, recording a new Song in Backing Sequence mode deletes the Song loaded in Song mode.

Note: The Song is kept in RAM, so save it before turning the

3. Press one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select

the Realtime Recording mode. The Realtime Recording

page appears (see “Realtime Recording page” on

page 85).

instrument off, or it will be lost. Warning: When switching to Song Play, the Song is deleted,

since Backing Sequence, Song and Song Play share the same sequencer (Sequencer 1). The “Erase Song?” message appears. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, EXIT to stay in Backing Sequence mode, and avoid deleting the Song.

HOW TO PLAYBACK A SONG

You can load a Standard MIDI File, and play it back while in Backing Sequence mode.

Note: When in the Main page (Backing Sequence Play) the keyboard doesn’t play.

1. Enter the Backing Sequence mode. The Backing

Sequence Playback page appears (see page 83).

BS:New Song

Load Song Metro:Off Save Song Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

2. Press one of the B (Load Song) VOLUME/VALUE but-

tons to load a Song (see “Load Song page” on page 84). You can load any Standard Midi File (ﬁles with the “.MID” or “.KAR” extension).

3. Press PLAY/STOP to start the playback.

4. Press PLAY/STOP again to stop the playback. The play-

back is automatically stopped at the end of the Song.

4. The last selected Style is currently selected. Should it not

be the right one, select a different Style to start recording

with. (See “Selecting a Style” on page 26).

5. The last selected Performance or STS is currently

selected. If you prefer, select a different Performance or

STS. (See “Selecting a Performance” on page 25, and

“Selecting a Single Touch Setting (STS)” on page 27).

6. Select the status of the Backing Sequence tracks, using

the G (RT) and H (Ch/Acc) button pairs. (RT stays for

Realtime/Keyboard; Ch/Acc stays for Chord/Accompa-

niment, i.e. the Style tracks). To record all you play on

the keyboard, plus the automatic accompaniment, leave

their status to REC (see “Realtime Recording page” on

page 85).

Warning: Tracks set to REC are automatically deleted

when starting recording. Set a track to the PLAY status,

when you don’t want to delete it. For example, if you are

recording a Realtime (Keyboard) part on and existing

Style track, set the Ch/Acc parameter to PLAY, and the RT

track to REC.

7. Start recording by pressing the left PLAY/STOP button

(or the START/STOP button). After a count-in (see

“Metro (Metronome)” on page 85), you can start

recording.

Play a solo intro, or start the auto-accompaniment with

the START/STOP button. To start with the Style playing

Record

Realtime Recording Chord/Acc Step Mode

Rec:NewSong

Style:NewBossa 99% Perf:01-01 Metro:On1 Resol:HI RT/Pad:REC Sel.Tempo Ch/Acc:REC

Backing Sequence operating mode

Chord/Acc Step recording

Load Song Metro:Off Save Song Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

BS:New Song

Backing Sequence icon

Page header

right from bar 1, keep the chord pressed during the precount, and press START/STOP before the end of the precount. Otherwise, the Style will start playing from the next bar, following the one where you pressed START/STOP.

Since you can use any Style control, you could start with the usual combinations (INTRO, ENDING, FILL… see “2 - Playing a Style” on page 29 for more information).

Note: While in Backing Sequence mode, you can’t record the SYNCHRO, FADE IN/OUT, TAP TEMPO/RESET, ACCOMPANIMENT VOLUME controls.

8. Play your music. You can even stop the Style by pressing

START/STOP. If you stop the Style while recording, start it again with the START/STOP button.

9. When ﬁnished recording your performance, press the

left PLAY/STOP button. The RECORD LED will turn off, and you will go back to the Playback page (see “How to playback a Song” before).

The recorded Song will be automatically converted to the Standard MIDI File format.

10. At this point, you can edit the Song in Song mode (see

“Song operating mode” on page 88), or save it on disk (see “Save Song page” on page 84).

Warning: The recorded Song is in RAM (Random Access Memory), and will be deleted when turning the instrument off, or entering Record again (either in Backing Sequence or Song mode). Save the Song on disk, if you wish to preserve it.

Step mode page appears (see “Chord/Acc Step Recording page” on page 85).

Step Chord/Acc

M001.01.000 Tempo:120 Style:Umpl_Bossa Perf :01-1 SE:Off C Maj - /C

4. Select the M(easure) parameter, and go to a different

position into the Song, using the TEMPO/VALUE controls, or the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons. Alternatively, you can move the locator using the < > and << >> buttons. See “Transport controls” on page 87.

5. Select the parameter type to insert, edit or delete at the

current position. If an arrow ( ) appears next to a parameter, the shown event has been inserted at the current position.

6. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to modify the selected

event. Delete it using the DELETE button. When editing

a parameter without the arrow ( ) next to it, a new event is inserted.

7. Exit the Chord/Acc Step Mode by pressing the RECORD

button.

8. Press START/STOP to listen to the results of your edit-

ing. If they are ﬁne, save the Backing Sequence on a disk.

CHORD/ACC STEP RECORDING

While in the Backing Sequence operative mode, you can enter the Chord/Acc Step Mode to create or edit the Style (Chord/Acc) part of a Song. This mode lets you enter chords even if you are not a keyboard player, or ﬁx any error made playing chords or selecting Style controls, during the Realtime Recording mode.

You can edit only Songs created on the Pa50, Pa60 or Pa80 (Backing Sequence mode), provided that you have the same Styles in the same locations. When saving a Song created in Backing Sequence mode, all Chord/Acc data is preserved, and can be loaded later, to be edited using the Chord/Acc Step Mode.

Here is how to enter the Chord/Acc Step Mode, and execute your editing:

1. Press B.SEQ to enter the Backing Sequence mode.

2. Press RECORD. You will be prompted to select the Real-

time Recording mode or the Chord/Acc Step Mode.

3. Press one of the B (Chord/Acc Step Mode) VOLUME/

VALUE buttons to enter the Step Mode. The Chord/Acc

Record

Realtime Recording Chord/Acc Step Mode

MAIN PAGE (BACKING SEQUENCE PLAY)

This is the main page of the Backing Sequence mode. To access this page from another operating mode, press the

B.SEQ button.

Note: When in this page, the keyboard doesn’t play.

Backing Sequence icon

When on, this icon indicates that the instrument is in Backing Sequence mode.

Page header

This header shows the name of the selected Song.

B (Load Song)

Use these buttons to select a Song (i.e., a Standard MIDI File). The Song Select page opens, and you can select a Song (see below “Load Song page”).

C (Save Song)

This command saves the recorded Song as a Standard MIDI File. The ﬁle is automatically added the “.MID” extension.

Backing Sequence operating mode

Load Song page

After pressing this command, the Save Song page appears (see “Save Song page” on page 84).

D (Select Tempo)

Select this parameter to use the TEMPO/VALUE section to select the Tempo. When you select this parameter, the VALUE LED turns off.

F (Metro)

Use these buttons to turn the metronome on/off during playback.

G (Meter)

This non-editable parameter shows the starting meter (or time signature) of the selected Song.

H (Tempo mode)

This sets the Tempo change mode. Man(ual) When the cursor is on the “D (Select Tempo)”

parameter, you can change the Tempo using the TEMPO/VALUE section controls. The Song will be played back using the manually selected tempo.

Auto The Tempo recorded into the Song will be used

instead.

LOAD SONG PAGE

This page appears when you press PAGE+ or either the B (Load Song) buttons while you are in the main page.

Press EXIT to go back to the main page of the Backing Sequence operating mode, without selecting a Song.

shown on the display will be updated.

F2 (Load)

Load the Song at the ﬁrst line of the display.

F3 (Open)

Opens the selected folder (ﬁle whose name begins with the

“ ” symbol).

F4 (Close)

Closes the current folder, returning to the parent (“upper”) folder.

SAVE SONG PAGE

The recorded Song is contained in RAM, and is lost when turning the instrument off. The Song is also lost when you overwrite it in Record mode, or when switching to the Song Play mode. You must save on disk any Song you wish to preserve.

1. If you are in Record mode (RECORD LED on), stop the

sequencer and press RECORD to go back to the Backing

Sequence Playback page.

2. Select the Save Song button. The Save Song page

appears.

BS:Save Song

NEW_NAME.MID | MYSONGS MYSONG.MID | FD SAVE OPEN CLOSE

Load Song

BALLADS | MYSONGS MYSONG.MID | FD LOAD OPEN CLOSE

A-C (File, folder)

Move the ﬁle or folder to be selected to the ﬁrst line of the display. To select a ﬁle, press the F2 (Select) button. To open a folder, press the F3 (Open) button.

The “ ” symbol identiﬁes a folder.

E-F (Scroll Up)

Scroll the list up. Keep SHIFT pressed and press one of these buttons to jump to the previous alphabetical section.

G-H (Scroll Down)

Scroll the list down. Keep SHIFT pressed and press one of these buttons to jump to the next alphabetical section.

TEMPO/VALUE section

These controls scroll the list up or down.

F1 (FD)

Press this button after replacing a ﬂoppy disk in the ﬂoppy disk drive. The new ﬂoppy disk will be read, and the ﬁle list

3. Move the folder where you wish to save your Song to the

ﬁrst line of the display, using the E-F (Scroll Up) and G-

H (Scroll Down) VOLUME/VALUE buttons, or the

TEMPO/VALUE controls. Press F3 (Open) to open it.

Close the current folder by pressing F4 (Close).

4. When in the selected folder, you can save the Song over

an existing ﬁle, or create a new ﬁle.

• To overwrite an existing ﬁle, move it to the ﬁrst line of

the display.

• To create a new ﬁle, move the “NEW_NAME.MID”

item to the ﬁrst line of the display.

5. When the “NEW_NAME.MID” item is selected, press

one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons. You are

prompted to assign a name to the new folder:

NEW_NAME.MID

Move the cursor using the DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons.

Select a character using the DIAL. Insert a character at

the cursor position by pressing the INSERT button.

Delete a character at the cursor position by pressing the

DELETE button.

6. When you have ﬁnished writing a name for the new

midiﬁle, press F2 (Save) to conﬁrm. The “Are you sure?”

message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT

to abort.

Backing Sequence operating mode

Realtime Recording page

REALTIME RECORDING PAGE

While you are in Backing Sequence mode, press RECORD, then one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons, to access the Realtime Recording mode. The RECORD LED turns on.

Rec:NewSong

Style:NewBossa 99% Perf:01-01 Metro:On1 Resol:HI RT/Pad:REC Sel.Tempo Ch/Acc:REC

Style

This non-editable parameter shows the selected Style. If no Style is selected, the name will be empty. You can select a different Style, using the STYLE section (see “Selecting a Style” on page 26).

0…99%

This non-editable parameters shows the remaining recording space in memory, as a percentage.

Perf or STS (Performance or STS)

This non-editable parameter shows the selected Performance or STS (depending on the last item selected). If no Performance or STS is selected, the name will be empty. You can select a different Performance, using the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section (see “Selecting a Performance” on page 25). To select one of the four STS for the current Style, use the F1-F4 buttons.

Resol (Resolution)

Use this parameter to set the quantization during recording. Quantization is a way of correcting timing errors; notes played too soon or too later are moved to the nearest axis of a rhythmic “grid”, set with this parameter, thus playing perfectly in time.

Hi No quantization applied.

 (1/32)… (1/8)

Grid resolution, in musical values. For example, when you select 1/8, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/8 division. When you select 1/4, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/4 division.

Hi (no

quantiza-

tion)

On1 The metronome plays during recording.

Recording begins with a 1-bar precount. Start recording after bar -1.

On2 The metronome plays during recording.

Recording begins with a 2-bar precount. Start recording after bar -1.

RT/Pads

Ch/Acc

These parameters let you decide the track status during recording.

RT/Pads: This Backing Sequence track includes the four Realtime (Keyboard) tracks, and the four Pads. They will be Song tracks 1-8, as in the following table:

RT/Pad track Song track/Channel

Upper 1 1

Upper 2 2

Upper 3 3

Lower 4

Pad 1 5

Pad 2 6

Pad 3 7

Pad 4 8

Ch/Acc: This Backing Sequence track includes all Style tracks, including recognized chords. They will be Song tracks 9-16.

MUTE The track is muted. If this tracks has already

been recorded, it will not be heard during recording of the other Backing Sequence track.

PLAY The track is in play. If there are recorded data,

they will be heard during recording of the other Backing Sequence track.

REC The track is in record. All previously recorded

data will be deleted.

CHORD/ACC STEP RECORDING PAGE

While you are in Backing Sequence mode, press RECORD, then one of the B VOLUME/VALUE buttons, to access the Chord/Acc Step Recording mode. The RECORD LED turns on.

1/16

1/8

Sel.Tempo (Select Tempo)

Select this parameter to use the TEMPO/VALUE section to select the Tempo. When you select this parameter, the VALUE LED turns off.

Metro (Metronome)

This parameter sets the metronome mode during recording. Off The metronome can be heard only during the

precount.

Step Chord/Acc

M001.01.000 Tempo:120 Style:Umpl_Bossa Perf :01-1 SE:Off C Maj - /C

Side arrow ( )

The small arrow next to a parameter means that its value is effective at the current position. For example, if you are at the “M003.01.000” position, and an arrow lights up next to the Chord parameter, this means that a chord change happens at the “M003.01.000” position.

Backing Sequence operating mode

Chord/Acc Step Recording page

M(easure)

This is the locator. It shows the current position of the Step Editor. To go to a different position within the Song, select this parameter, then use the TEMPO/VALUE controls, the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons, or the < > buttons (while the << >> buttons let you move to the previous or following measure). When using one of these controls, the locator moves in steps of 1/8 (192 ticks), or jumps to the next event.

The locator’s format is as follows:

M001.01.000

Measure

Measure: Measure or bar number. Beat: Divider in the Time Signature ratio (e.g., a quarter in a

3/4 time). Tick: Minimal sequencer’s resolution. The Pa50 internal

sequencers feature a resolution of 384 ticks per quarter. INSERT When the Measure parameter is selected, press

INSERT to insert a measure starting from the current position. All Chord/Acc events contained into the current measure will be moved to the following measure. The event at the Mxxx.xx.000 position (i.e., exactly at the beginning of the measure, like a Time Signature or Style change) will not be moved.

DELETE When the Measure parameter is selected, press

DELETE to delete the current measure. All Chord/Acc event contained into the following measures are moved to the current measure.

SHIFT + DELETE

When the Measure parameter is selected, press SHIFT + DELETE to delete all events in the Style tracks, starting from the current position to the end of the Song. To delete all events in the Style tracks, go back to the M001.01.000 position, and press SHIFT + DELETE.

Note: All events on the very ﬁrst tick (M001.01.000), like Style, Tempo, Chord, Style Element selection, cannot be deleted.

Tempo

This is the Tempo Change parameter. To insert a Tempo Change event at the current position, select this parameter and use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change its value.

DELETE When the Tempo parameter is selected, and

the side arrow ( ) – showing that a Tempo Change event has been selected at the current position – appears next to it, press DELETE to delete the Tempo Change at the current position.

Note: If the side arrow doesn’t appear, the event was not selected at the current position, and will not be deleted.

SHIFT + DELETE

When the Tempo parameter is selected, press SHIFT + DELETE to delete all Tempo Change events, starting from the current position to

Beat

Tick

the end of the Song. To delete all Tempo Change events in the Song, go back to the

M001.01.000 position, and press SHIFT + DELETE.

Note: All events on the very ﬁrst tick (M001.01.000), like Perf, Style, Tempo, Chord, Style Element selection, cannot be deleted.

Style

This is the last selected Style. To insert a Style change at the current position, follow the standard selecting procedure using the buttons of the STYLE section.

Note: Any Style Change inserted after the beginning of the measure (i.e., to a position other than Mxxx.01.000) will be effective at the following measure. For example, if a Style Change event has been inserted at M004.03.000, the selected Style will be effectively selected at M005.01.000. (This works exactly as in Style Play mode).

Note: When inserting a Style Change, you may also insert a Tempo Change at the same position. A Style Change will not automatically insert the Style’s Tempo.

DELETE When the Style parameter is selected, and the

side arrow ( ) – showing that a Style Change event has been selected at the current position – appears next to it, press DELETE to delete the Style Change at the current position.

Note: If the side arrow doesn’t appear, the event was not selected at the current position, and will not be deleted.

SHIFT + DELETE

When the Style parameter is selected, press SHIFT + DELETE to delete all Style Change events, starting from the current position to the end of the Song. To delete all Style Change events in the Song, go back to the M001.01.000 position, and press SHIFT + DELETE.

Note: All events on the very ﬁrst tick (M001.01.000), like Perf, Style, Tempo, Chord, Style Element selection, cannot be deleted.

Perf

This is the last selected Performance. Select a Performance to recall the Style it memorizes. To insert a Performance change at the current position, follow the standard selecting procedure using the buttons of the PROGRAM/PERFORMANCE section.

Note: The STYLE CHANGE LED is automatically turned on when entering the Chord/Acc Step Mode. This means that selecting a Performance automatically selects the Style memorized into the Performance.

The SINGLE TOUCH and STS buttons are automatically disabled, meaning that you can’t change the Realtime (Keyboard) tracks while in Chord/Acc Step Mode.

DELETE When the Perf parameter is selected, and the

side arrow ( ) – showing that a Performance Change event has been selected at the current position – appears next to it, press DELETE to delete the Performance Change at the current position.

Backing Sequence operating mode

How to delete a whole Song

Note: If the side arrow doesn’t appear, the event was not selected at the current position, and will not be deleted.

SHIFT + DELETE

When the Perf parameter is selected, press SHIFT + DELETE to delete all Performance Change events, starting from the current position to the end of the Song. To delete all Per- formance Change events in the Song, go back to the M001.01.000 position, and press SHIFT + DELETE.

Note: All events on the very ﬁrst tick (M001.01.000), like Perf, Style, Tempo, Chord, Style Element selection, cannot be deleted.

SE (Style Element)

This is the Style Element (i.e., a Variation, Fill, Intro, or Ending). The length of the selected Style Element is always shown on the measure counter, at the top of the display:

This will let you know where to place the following Style Element Change. For example, if you inserted an Intro event lasting for 4 measures, you can insert 4 empty measure after this event, and a Variation event at the end of the Intro, beginning at the 4th empty measure.

“Off” means that the accompaniment will not play at the selected position – only the Realtime tracks will play.

Hint: Insert a Style Element Off event exactly where the autoaccompaniment must stop, at the end of the Song.

Chord

Use the D VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the Chord line. Use the F1-F4 buttons to select the part of the chord you wish to edit.

C Maj - /C

Name Type Tension Extension

Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to modify the selected parameter. You can also play a chord, and it will be automati-

cally recognized. While recognizing a chord, the status of the BASS INVERSION button will be considered.

“No chord” means that the accompaniment will not play at the current position (apart for the Drum and Percussion tracks). To select the “No chord” option, press F1 to select the Name part of the Chord, then use the TEMPO/VALUE section to select the very last value (C…B, Off).

Note: If you replace a chord with a different one, please remember that the Lower track will not be automatically changed.

Transport controls

While in Step Mode, you can use various control panel buttons to accomplish the editing procedure.

<< or >> (Rewind or Fast Forward)

Use these buttons to move to the previous or following measure. These commands are effective even if the M(easure) parameter is not selected.

< or > (Previous or Next Step)

Use these button to go to the previous or next step (1/8, or 192 ticks). If an event is located before the previous or next step, the locator stops on that event. For example, if you are positioned on M001.01.000, and no event exists before M001.01.192, the > button moves to the M001.01.192 location. If an event exists on M001.01.010, the > button stops to the M001.01.010 location.

These commands are effective even if the M(easure) parameter is not selected.

+ < or > (Previous or Next Event)

Keep the SHIFT button pressed while pressing the < or > button, to move to the previous or next recorded event.

HOW TO DELETE A WHOLE SONG

You can delete a whole Song with the simple SHIFT + DELETE key sequence.

1. Enter the Backing Sequence mode. You must be in the

main page of the mode. If you are in Record mode, go back to the Playback mode.

2. Press SHIFT + DELETE.

3. The “Delete Song?” message appears. Press ENTER to

conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

Song operating mode

Transport controls

13. SONG OPERATING MODE

The Song operating mode is the full-featured onboard sequencer, where you can create from scratch or edit a Song. You can also use this mode to edit the initial parameters of a Standard MIDI File, either made with an external sequencer or with Pa50 own Song and Backing Sequence modes.

You can save the edited Song as a Standard MIDI File (“.MID” ﬁle), and playback it either in Song Play, Backing Sequence or Song mode.

For a practical example of Song editing, see “5 - Editing a Song” on page 32.

TRANSPORT CONTROLS

While in Song mode, use the SEQ1 transport controls for the Song playback. See “SEQUENCER TRANSPORT CONTROLS - SEQ1 and SEQ2” on page 18 for more information).

MASTER VOLUME AND SEQUENCER VOLUME

You can use the MASTER VOLUME and ACC/SEQ VOLUME sliders to set the volume. See “Master Volume, Sequencer Volume, BALANCE” on page 71.

Move the BALANCE slider to the center (or the left) for the maximum volume of the sequencer (Song mode relies on Sequencer 1).

MAIN PAGE

Press SONG to access this page from another operating mode.

Note: When switching from Style Play to Song, the Song Setup is automatically selected, and various track parameters may change.

Press EXIT/NO to access this page from the Menu or any of the Song Play edit pages.

To see the Song’s tracks, use the TRK SELECT button to switch from the Main page to the Tracks pages. Pressed a ﬁrst time, you will see tracks 1-8 (enlightened TRK SELECT LED); a second press will show tracks 9-16 (ﬂashing TRK SELECT LED); pressed again, you will go back to the Main page (TRK SELECT LED switched off).

Song icon

New Song

Page header

Load Song Metro:Off Save Song Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

Bar number

THE SONGS AND THE STANDARD MIDI FILE FORMAT

The native Song format for Pa50 is the Standard MIDI File. See “The Songs and the Standard MIDI File format” on page 70.

When saving a Song as a SMF, an empty measure in automatically inserted to the beginning of the Song. This measure contains various Song initialization parameters.

When a SMF is loaded, the empty measure is automatically removed.

FAST TRACK DELETION

When you are in the Main page of the Song Record mode, and the Song tracks are shown in the display, keep the DELETE button pressed, and press one of the VOLUME/ VALUE buttons corresponding to the track to delete. The “Are you sure?” message will appear. Press ENTER to delete the track, or EXIT to abort.

HOW TO DELETE A WHOLE SONG

While in the Main page, you can delete a whole Song, with the simple SHIFT + DELETE key sequence.

1. Enter the Song mode. You must be in the Main page of

the mode. If you are in Record mode, go back to the Playback mode.

2. Press SHIFT + DELETE.

3. The “Delete Song?” message appears. Press ENTER to

conﬁrm, EXIT to abort.

Song icon

When on, this icon shows that the instrument is in Song mode.

Page header

This line shows the selected Song name.

Bar number

This counter shows the current bar number position of the selected Song.

B (Load Song)

Use these buttons to select a Song (i.e., a Standard MIDI File). The Song Select page opens, and you can select a Song (see below “Song Select page”).

C (Save Song)

This command saves the edited Song as a Standard MIDI File. After pressing this command, the Save Song page appears (see “Save Song page” on page 90).

D (Select Tempo)

Select this parameter to use the TEMPO/VALUE section to select the Tempo. When you select this parameter, the VALUE LED turns off.

Note: The tempo is always record in overwrite mode (old data is replaced by the new data).

F (Metro)

Use these buttons to turn the metronome on/off during playback.

G (Meter)

This non-editable parameter shows the starting meter (or time signature) of the selected Song.

H (Tempo mode)

This sets the Tempo change mode.

Song operating mode

Tracks 1-8 page

Man(ual) When the cursor is on the “D (Select Tempo)”

parameter, you can change the Tempo using the TEMPO/VALUE section controls. The Song will be played back using the manually selected tempo.

Auto The Tempo recorded to the Song will be used.

TRACKS 1-8 PAGE

To see and edit tracks 1-8, press TRACK SELECT from the main page. The TRACK SELECT LED turns on.

Press the TRACK SELECT button twice, to go back to the main page.

MySong

Piano1 Piano1 DkStrings Guitar01 Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn VoxPad1

A-H (Tracks 1-8 Programs)

Name of the Programs assigned to tracks 1-8. Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the corresponding tracks.

TRACKS 9-16 PAGE

To see and edit tracks 9-16, press TRACK SELECT once from the Tracks 1-8 page, or twice from the main page. The TRACK SELECT LED begins ﬂashing.

Press the TRACK SELECT button again, to go back to the main page.

MySong

Strings1 VocaEns DkStrings Bassi Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn Strings2

A-H (Tracks 9-16 Programs)

Name of the Programs assigned to tracks 9-16. Use these buttons to select, mute/unmute or change the volume of the corresponding tracks.

SONG SELECT PAGE

This page appears when you press PAGE+ or either the B (Load Song) buttons while you are in the main page.

Press EXIT to go back to the Main page of the Song operating mode, without selecting a Song.

Load Song

BALLADS | MYSONGS MYSONG.MID | FD LOAD OPEN CLOSE

A-C (File, folder)

Move the ﬁle or folder to be selected to the ﬁrst line of the display. To select a ﬁle, press the F2 (Load) button. To open a folder, press the F3 (Open) button.

The “ ” symbol identiﬁes a folder.

E-F (Scroll Up)

Scroll the list up.

G-H (Scroll Down)

Scroll the list down.

TEMPO/VALUE section

These controls scroll the list up or down.

F1 (FD)

Press this button after replacing a ﬂoppy disk in the ﬂoppy disk drive. The new ﬂoppy disk will be read, and the ﬁle list shown on the display will be updated.

F2 (Load)

Load the Song at the ﬁrst line of the display.

F3 (Open)

Opens the selected folder (ﬁle whose name begins with the

“ ” symbol).

F4 (Close)

Closes the current folder, returning to the parent (“upper”)

Song operating mode

Save Song page

SAVE SONG PAGE

The new or edited Song is contained in RAM, and is lost when turning the instrument off. The Song is also lost when you overwrite it in Backing Sequence Record mode, or when switching to the Song Play mode. You must save on disk any Song you wish to preserve. The Song is saved as a Standard MIDI File (SMF).

Note: When saving a Song as a SMF, an empty measure in automatically inserted to the beginning of the Song. This measure contains various Song initialization parameters.

1. If you are in an edit page, press EXIT to go back to the

Main page.

2. Select the Save Song button. The Save Song page

appears.

Save Song

NEW_NAME.MID MYSONGS MYSONG.MID | FD SAVE OPEN CLOSE

3. Move the folder where you wish to save your Song to the

ﬁrst line of the display, using the E-F (Scroll Up) and GH (Scroll Down) VOLUME/VALUE buttons, or the TEMPO/VALUE controls. Press F3 (Open) to open it. Close the current folder by pressing F4 (Close).

4. When in the selected folder, you can save the Song over

an existing midiﬁle (a ﬁle with a “.MID” extension), or create a new midiﬁle.

• To overwrite an existing midiﬁle, move it to the ﬁrst line of the display.

• To create a new midiﬁle, move the “NEW_NAME.MID” item to the ﬁrst line of the display.

5. When the “NEW_NAME.MID” item is selected, press

one of the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons. You are prompted to assign a name to the new ﬁle:

Move the cursor using the DOWN/- and UP/+ buttons.

Select a character using the DIAL. Insert a character at

the cursor position by pressing the INSERT button.

Delete a character at the cursor position by pressing the

DELETE button.

6. When you have ﬁnished writing a name for the new

midiﬁle, press F2 (Save) to conﬁrm. The “Are you sure?”

message will appear. Press ENTER to conﬁrm, or EXIT

to abort.

Play/Mute status saved with the Song

When saving a Song, the Play/Mute status is saved with the Song. This status is preserved when playing back the same Song in Song Play mode.

Master Transpose saved with the Song

When saving a Song, the Master Transpose value is saved with the Song. Since this value is saved as System Exclusive data, it is preserved when playing back the Song in Song Play mode.

Hint: Since the Master Transpose is a global parameter, loading a Song with a non-standard transposition may result in unwanted transposing when loading other Songs that do not contain their own transposition data. To transpose a Song it is advisable to use the Edit-Transpose function; you can access this function by pressing the MENU button and one of the E VOLUME/VALUE buttons (see “Page 18 - Edit: Transpose” on page 100).

You may also lock the Master Transpose for various tracks, to avoid unwanted transposition. See “Page 2 - Master Transpose” on page 126 of the Global chapter.

As a general rule, you should use the Master Transpose (TRANSPOSE buttons on the control panel) when you need to transpose the Realtime tracks together with the Song. You should use the Edit-Transpose function (Song Edit mode) when only the Song has to be transposed.

Note: The Master Transpose value is always shown in the upper right corner of the display:

NEW_NAME.MID

Song operating mode

Realtime Record procedure

REALTIME RECORD PROCEDURE

Here is the general procedure to follow for the Realtime Recording.

1. Press SONG to enter the Song mode.

2. Press RECORD to enter the Song Record mode.You are

now in the Main page of the Song Record mode, and you can prepare your recording. (For more details, see “Song Record page” on page 93).

Rec:NewSong

Rec:Overdub Trk:1 98% S: E: Metro:On1 Resol: Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

3. Be sure one of the Overdub or Overwrite recording

options is selected (see “Rec (Record mode)” on page 93).

4. Set the tempo. There are two ways of changing tempo:

• Keep the SHIFT button pressed, and use the TEMPO/ VALUE controls to change the tempo.

• Move the cursor to the “Sel.Tempo” parameter, and use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change tempo.

5. Press TRK SELECT to switch to the Song Tracks 1-8

page.

Rec:NewSong

Piano1 Piano1 DkStrings Guitar01 Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn VoxPad1

9. While the status icon is ﬂashing, press PLAY/STOP to

begin recording. Depending on the Metro option you selected, a 1- or 2-bars precount may play before the recording actually begins. When it begins, play freely.

• If you selected the Auto Punch recording mode, the recording will begin only when reaching the Start point.

• If you selected the Pedal Punch recording mode, press the pedal when you want to begin recording. Press it again to ﬁnish recording.

Note: The Punch functions will not work on an empty Song. At least one track must already be recorded.

10. When ﬁnished recording, press PLAY/STOP to stop the

sequencer. Select a different track, and go on recording the whole Song.

11. When ﬁnished recording the new Song, press RECORD

to exit the Record mode. The Song will be saved in memory.

Warning: Save the Song on a disk, to avoid it is lost when turning the instrument off.

Note: When exiting the Record mode, the Octave Transpose is automatically reset to “0”.

12. Edit the new Song; press the MENU page, and select the

various edit pages.

STEP RECORD PROCEDURE

The Step Record allows you to create a new Song by entering the single notes or chords in each track. This is very useful when transcribing an existing score, or needing a higher grade of detail, and is particularly suitable to create drum and percussion tracks.

1. While in the Main screen of the Song mode, press

RECORD to enter the Song Record mode. The Main page of the Song Record mode will appear.

Press the button again to switch to the Song Tracks 9-16 page.

Rec:NewSong

Strings1 VocaEns DkStrings Bassi Legato StrngEns2 BrassyHorn Strings2

6. If you like, you can set the tempo again from these

pages: just use the TEMPO/VALUE controls.

7. Assign the right Program to each track.

8. Select the track to put in record. Its status icon will auto-

matically begin ﬂashing.

Rec:NewSong

Rec:Overdub Trk:1 98% S: E: Metro:On1 Resol: Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

2. Use the A VOLUME/VALUE buttons to select the “Rec”

(Recording Mode) parameter. Use these buttons, or the TEMPO/VALUE controls, to select the “Step Dub” (Step Overdub) or the “StepOwr” (Step Overwrite) recording mode.

• The Step Overdub mode lets you add events to the existing events.

• The Step Overwrite mode will overwrite all existing events.

3. Press SEQ1 PLAY/STOP to turn its LED on, and enter

the Step Record page. (See “Step Record page” on

Song operating mode

Step Record procedure

page 94 for more information on each parameter of this page).

Previous event

Event to be inserted

Step Owr

(a)

M---.--.--- Empty

(b)

M001.01.000 Meter: 4/4 key? V:64 D:85%

Current position

Waiting for a keystroke…

Step value

The ﬁrst two lines (a) are the latest inserted event. The second two lines (b) are the event currently in edit, ready to be inserted.

The “Empty” event marks the beginning of the Song, when there are no events inserted. It is automatically inserted when entering the Record mode. It will be removed when an event is inserted.

4. The “Maaa.bb.ccc” parameter in (b) is the current posi-

tion. This is the place where the note in edit will be inserted.

• If you don’t want to insert a note at this position, insert a rest instead, as shown in step 6.

• To jump to the next measure, ﬁlling the remaining beats with rests, press the >> button.

5. To change the step value, use the NOTE VALUE buttons,

on the lower left area of the control panel.

6. Insert a note, rest or chord at the current position.

• To insert a single note, just play it on the keyboard. The inserted note length will match the step length. You may change the velocity and relative duration of the note, by

editing the V (Velocity) and D (Duration) parameters.

See “V (Velocity)” and “D (Duration)” on page 94.

• To insert a rest, just press the REST button. Its length

will match the step value.

• To tie the note to be inserted to the previous one, press

the TIE button. A note will be inserted, tied to the previ-

ous one, with exactly the same name. You don’t need to

play it on the keyboard again.

• To insert a chord or a second voice, see “Chords and

second voices” below.

7. After inserting a new event, you may go back by pressing

the < button. This will delete the previously inserted

event, and set the step in edit again.

8. When ﬁnished recording, press SEQ1 PLAY/STOP to

turn off its LED. The Main page of the Song Record

mode appears again.

Rec:NewSong

Rec:Overdub Trk:1 98% S: E: Metro:On1 Resol: Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

9. From the Main page of the Song Record mode, press

RECORD to exit the Record mode. While in the Main

page of the Song mode, you may press SEQ1 PLAY/

STOP to listen to the Song, or select the Save Song com-

mand to save the Song on disk.

Chords and second voices

With Pa50, you are not obliged to insert single notes in a track. There are several ways to insert chords and double voices. For more information, see the “Chords and second voices in Step Record mode” section on page 10-60 of the “Style Record mode” chapter.

Song operating mode

Song Record page

SONG RECORD PAGE

While in the Song mode, press RECORD to enter the Song Record mode. The Song Record page appears.

Rec:NewSong

Rec:Overdub Trk:1 98% S: E: Metro:On1 Resol: Meter:4/4 Sel.Tempo Tempo:Auto

Rec (Record mode)

Set this parameter to select a recording mode. Overdub The newly recorded events will be mixed to any

existing events.

Overwrite The newly recorded events will replace any

existing events.

Auto Punch Recording will automatically begin at the “S”

position, and stop at the “E” position (see the following line).

Note: The Auto Punch function will not work on an empty Song. At least one track must already be recorded.

PedalPunch Recording will begin when pressing a pedal set

to the “Punch In/Out” function, and will ﬁnish when pressing the same pedal again.

Note: The Pedal Punch function will not work on an empty Song. At least one track must already be recorded.

StepDub Step Overdub. This recording mode lets you

enter events one at a time, adding events to the existing events.

StepOwr Step Overwrite. This recording mode lets you

enter events one at a time, overwriting all existing events.

Trk (Track)

Track in record. 1…16 One of the 16 tracks selected. To select a track,

go to the Track pages (see “Tracks 1-8 page” on page 89 and “Tracks 9-16 page” on page 89).

S/E (Start/End)

These parameters appear only when the “Auto Punch” recording mode is selected. They set the starting and ending points of the Punch recording.

Metro (Metronome)

This is the metronome heard during recording. Off No metronome click will be heard during

recording. A one-bar precount will be played before starting recording.

On1 Metronome on, with a one-bar precount

before starting recording.

On2 Metronome on, with a two-bar precount

before starting recording.

Resol (Resolution)

Hi No quantization applied.

 (1/32)… (1/8)

Grid resolution, in musical values. For example, when you select 1/16, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/16 division. When you select 1/8, all notes are moved to the nearest 1/8 division

No quanti-

zation

1/16

1/8

Meter

This is the meter (or time signature) of the Song. You can edit this parameter only when the Song is empty, i.e. before you begin recording anything. To insert a meter change in the middle of the Song, use the “Insert Measure” function (see page 13-101).

Sel.Tempo (Select Tempo)

Select this parameter to use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to set the tempo.

Note: You can always change the Tempo, when other parameters are selected, by keeping the SHIFT button pressed, and rotating the DIAL.

Note: The tempo is always record in overwrite mode (old data is replaced by the new data).

Tempo (Tempo mode)

This parameter sets the way tempo events are read. Record All Tempo changes made during recording will

be recorded to the Master Track.

Auto The Sequencer plays back all recorded Tempo

events. No new Tempo events are recorded.

Manual The latest manual Tempo setting (made using

the TEMPO/VALUE controls) is considered the current Tempo value. No Tempo change will be recorded. This is very useful to record the Song much slower than its actual Tempo.

Song operating mode

Step Record page

STEP RECORD PAGE

Access this page from the Main page of the Song Record mode, by selecting the “StepDub” or “StepOwr” recording mode (“Rec” parameter), and pressing SEQ1 PLAY/STOP.

Previous event

Step Owr

(a)

M---.--.--- Empty

(b)

M001.01.000 Meter: 4/4 key? V:64 D:85%

Current position

Waiting for a keystroke…

(a) section

Previously inserted event. You may delete this event, and set it in edit again, by pressing the < button.

(b) section

Event to be inserted. See the following parameters for information on each element of this section.

M (Measure)

This is the position of the event (note, rest or chord) to be inserted.

Meter

Meter of the current measure. This parameter can’t be edited. You can set a Meter change by using the Insert function of the Edit menu, and inserting a new series of measures with a different Meter (see “Page 22 - Edit: Insert Measures” on page 101).

key?

This is a prompt, asking for a note or chord to be played on the keyboard, to enter an event on the current step.

Step value

Length of the event to be inserted. Use the NOTE VALUE buttons, on the lower left area of the control panel, to change this value.

Event to be inserted

Step value

 …  Note value.

Dot (.) Augments the selected note by one half of its

value.

Triplet (3) Makes the selected note a triplet note.

V (Velocity)

Set this parameter before entering a note or chord. This will be the playing strength (i.e., velocity value) of the event to be inserted.

KBD Keyboard. You can select this parameter, by

turning all counter-clockwise the dial. When this option is selected, the playing strength of the played note is recognized and recorded.

1…127 Velocity value. The event will be inserted with

this velocity value, and the actual playing strength of the note played on the keyboard will be ignored.

D (Duration)

Relative duration of the inserted note. The percentage is always referred to the step value.

50% Staccato. 85% Ordinary articulation. 100% Legato.

Buttons used in Step Record mode

TIE button

Ties the note to be inserted to the previous note.

REST button

Inserts a rest.

NOTE VALUE buttons

Select the step value.

SEQ1 PLAY/STOP button

Exits the Step Record mode.

< (Previous step)

Goes to the previous step, erasing the inserted event.

>> (Fast Forward)

Goes to the next measure, and ﬁll the remaining space with rests.

Song operating mode

EDIT PAGE STRUCTURE

Select an edit section from the Menu, and/or use the PAGE buttons to reach the desired page.

Press EXIT to go back to the main page of the Song mode. All edit pages share the same structure.

Song icon

Page header Page number

Track status icons

A series of icons near each track show the track’s status.

Selected track or parameter. When this symbol

appears, you can execute any available operation on the selected item.

Track in play or already recorded.

(no icon) The track is in mute, or does not contain data.

PAGE 1 - MIXER: VOLUME

Here you can adjust the volume for each of the 16 sequencer tracks. Press both VOLUME/VALUE button to mute/unmute the corresponding track.

A muted track remains muted even when selecting a different Song.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch between Song tracks 1-8, Song tracks 9-16, and back again.

Mixer:Volume

|||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 092 |||| 090 |||| 086 |||| 090 ||||| 112

Mixer:Volume

|||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 092 |||| 090 |||| 086 |||| 090 ||||| 112

Track status icons

Song icon

When on, this icon indicates that the instrument is in Song mode.

Page header

The header shows the name of the current edit page. Usually the header is divided in a ﬁrst word, identifying the section name (e.g., “Mixer:FX Send” is a “Mixer” section page), and a second word, referring to the page name (e.g. “FX Send”).

Section name Page name

Mixer:FX Send

Page

This area shows the current page number.

A-H

Each pair of VOLUME/VALUE buttons select a different track, parameter of command, depending on the edit page.

Mixer:Volume

|||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 090 |||| 092 |||| 090 |||| 086 |||| 090 ||||| 112

PAGE 2 - MIXER: PAN

Here you can adjust the pan for each Song track. Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch between Song

tracks 1-8, Song tracks 9-16, and back again.

Mixer:Pan

C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00

Mixer:Pan

C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00 C+00

Song operating mode

Page 3 - Mixer: FX Block

Pan

-64 Hard Left. +00 Center. +63 Hard Right. Off The direct (uneffected) signal does not go to

the outputs; only the FX signal is heard for this track.

PAGE 3 - MIXER: FX BLOCK

This page lets you select a pair of effect processor (AB or CD) for each of the Song track.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch between Song tracks 1-8, Song tracks 9-16, and back again.

Mixer:FX Block

AB AB AB AB AB AB AB AB

Mixer:FX Block

AB AB AB AB AB AB AB AB

Here is the edit procedure:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to select a

track.

2. Use the F1-F4 buttons to select a parameter for that

track.

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the parame-

ter’s value.

Parameters

000 No effect. Only the direct (uneffected) signal

goes to the outputs.

127 100% effect. The direct (uneffected) and

effected signals go to the outputs with the same level.

PAGE 5 - TUNING: DETUNE

This page is where you can set the ﬁne tuning for each track. Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch between Song

tracks 1-8, Song tracks 9-16, and back again.

Tuning:Detune

+OO +OO +OO +OO +OO +OO +OO +OO

PAGE 4 - MIXER: FX SEND A/B (OR C/D)

This page lets you set the level of the track’s direct (uneffected) signal going to the A and B, or C and D Internal FX pair. Go to the previous page (“Page 3 - Mixer: FX Block”) to select an FX pair.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch from tracks 1-8 to tracks 9-16.

Mixer:FXSend

A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:127 B:020 A:100 B:050 A:110 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050

Mixer:FXSend

A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:127 B:020 A:100 B:050 A:110 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050 A:100 B:050

Tuning:Detune

+OO +OO +OO +OO +OO +OO +OO +OO

Detune

This is the ﬁne tuning.

-64 Lowest pitch. 0 Standard tuning. +63 Highest pitch.

Song operating mode

Page 6 - Tuning: Scale

PAGE 6 - TUNING: SCALE

This page lets you program the alternative scale for the Song tracks.

Tuning:Scale

Scale:User Key:C Note:C# Detune:+63

Scale

Alternative scale for the Song tracks. See “Scales” on page 227 for a list of available scales. To enable/disable the alternative scale for each Song track, see “Page 7 - Tuning: PitchBend/ Scale” on page 97.

Key

Parameter required for some Scales, when you should set a preferred key.

Note

Note in edit, to be detuned. This parameter can be accessed when a User Scale is selected.

Detune

Note detune, compared to the standard Equal tuning. This parameter can be accessed when a User Scale is selected.

PAGE 7 - TUNING: PITCHBEND/SCALE

This page lets you program the Pitch Bend range for the Song tracks. Furthermore, it lets you activate/deactivate the alternative scale for each track.

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch between Song tracks 1-8, Song tracks 9-16, and back again.

Tuning:PB/Scale

PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N

Tuning:PB/Scale

PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N PB:02 Sc:N

PB(end)

This parameters shows the Pitch Bend range for each track, in semitones.

01…12 Maximum positive/negative pitchbend range

(in semitones). 12 = ±1 octave.

Off No pitchbend allowed.

Sc(ale)

This parameter lets you activate/deactivate the alternative scale for each track. (See “Page 6 - Tuning: Scale” on page 97 for more information on selecting an alternative scale).

Yes The track is tuned according to the alternative

scale.

No The track is tuned according to the Global

scale (see “Scale” on page 125).

PAGE 8 - FX: A/B SELECT

This page lets you select the A and B effects. Usually, the A effect is a reverb, while the B effect is a modulating effect.

Standard MIDI Files usually require two effects only. You can, however, assign all four effects to a Song (see “Page 3 - Mixer: FX Block” on page 96).

FX:A/B Select

A:02 B:89 Compressor Rev-Gate

ModTrk:Up1 B>Asend:127

Note: When you stop the Song, or select a different Song, the default effects are selected again. You can, however, stop the Song, change the effects, then start the Song again. Save the Song to permanently change the effects.

A, B

ModTrk (Modulating Track)

Source track for modulating MIDI messages. You can modulate an effect parameter with a MIDI message generated by a physical controller.

B>Asend (B>A Send)

Amount of the B effect going back to the input of the A effect.

PAGE 9 - FX: C/D SELECT

This page lets you select the C and D effects. Usually, the C effect is a reverb, while the D effect is a modulating effect.

Standard MIDI Files usually require two effects only. You can, however, assign all four effects to a Song (see “Page 3 - Mixer: FX Block” on page 96).

FX:C/D Select

C:02 D:89 Compressor Rev-Gate

ModTrk:Up1 D>Csend:127

Note: When you stop the Song, or select a different Song, the default effects are selected again. You can, however, stop the

Song operating mode

Page 10 - FX: A editing

Song, change the effects, then start the Song again. Edit the Song in Song mode to permanently change the effects.

C, D

ModTrk (Modulating Track)

Source track for modulating MIDI messages. You can modulate an effect parameter with a MIDI message generated by a physical controller.

D>Csend (D>C Send)

Amount of the D effect going back to the input of the C effect.

PAGE 10 - FX: A EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the A effect (usually a reverb).

FX:A Edit (Sq1)

Rev Time [sec]: 3.07 | High Damp [%]:0 Pre Dly [ms]:0 Pre Dly Thru [%]:0 |

PAGE 14 - TRACK: EASY EDIT

In this page you can edit the main parameters of the Programs assigned to each track.

Note: All values are relative to the value of the original Program.

You can also change the volume for each class of Drums and Percussions, if the selected track is set in Drum mode (see below “Page 15 - Track: Mode”).

Use the TRACK SELECT button to switch between Song tracks 1-8, Song tracks 9-16, and back again.

Track:Easy Edit

Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0

Track:Easy Edit

Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0 Attack:0

Use the E-F and G-H VOLUME/VALUE button pairs to scroll the parameter list.

Use the A-D VOLUME/VALUE button pairs to select and edit a parameter.

Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to edit the selected parameter.

Parameters

See “Effects” on page 175 for a list of available parameters for each effect type.

PAGE 11 - FX: B EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the B effect (usually a modulating effect). For more details, see “Page 10 FX: A editing” above.

PAGE 12 - FX: C EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the C effect. For more details, see “Page 10 - FX: A editing” above.

PAGE 13 - FX: D EDITING

This page contains the editing parameters for the D effect. For more details, see “Page 10 - FX: A editing” above.

Here is the edit procedure:

1. Use the VOLUME/VALUE (A-H) buttons to select a

track.

2. Use the F1-F4 buttons to select a sound parameter, or its

value. (For the Drum and Percussion tracks, see below

the “Drum tracks” section).

3. Use the TEMPO/VALUE controls to change the sound

parameter or its value.

Parameters

Attack Attack time. This is the time during which the

sound goes from zero (at the moment when you strike a key) to it’s maximum level.

Decay Decay time. Time to go from the ﬁnal Attack

level to the beginning of the Release.

Release Release time. This is the time during which the

sound goes from the sustaining (or Decay) phase, to zero. The Release is triggered by

releasing a key. Cutoff Filter cutoff. This sets the sound brightness. Resonance Use the Filter Resonance to deﬁne the width of

the frequency range affected by the Filter. Vibrato Rate Speed of the Vibrato. Vibrato Depth

Intensity of the Vibrato. Vibrato Delay

Delay time before the Vibrato begins, after the

sound starts.

Korg PA 50 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

KEEP THESE INSTRUCTIONS CLEAN ONLY WITH A DRY CLOTH

THE FCC REGULATION WARNING (FOR THE U.S.A. AND CANADA ONLY)

CE MARK FOR EUROPEAN HARMONIZED STANDARDS

DATA HANDLING

LCD DISPLAY

LIABILITY

TRADEMARKS

DISCLAIMER

SERVICE AND USER’S ASSISTANCE

PA50 ON THE WEB

THE BALANCE SLIDER

INTRODUCTION

Live Performing

1. WELCOME!

USEFUL LINKS

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

MAKING A BACKUP COPY OF SYSTEM FILES

LOADING THE OPERATING SYSTEM

RELOADING THE FACTORY DATA

Connecting the AC power adapter

2. START UP

TURNING THE INSTRUMENT ON AND OFF

CONTROLLING THE VOLUME

THE BALANCE SLIDER

HEADPHONES

AUDIO OUTPUTS

AUDIO INPUTS

MIDI CONNECTIONS

Damper Pedal

DEMO

THE MUSIC STAND

3. FRONT PANEL

Display controls

4. DISPLAY AND USER INTERFACE

Interface structure

Message windows

GRAYED-OUT NON-AVAILABLE PARAMETERS

SYMBOLS AND ICONS

5. REAR PANEL

BASIC GUIDE

Playing on the keyboard

6. BASIC OPERATIONS

SELECTING, MUTING/UNMUTING AND SOLOING A TRACK

Selecting a Performance

The STYLE CHANGE button

Selecting a Program

SELECTING A STYLE

The SINGLE TOUCH button

Selecting a Single Touch Setting (STS)

CHANGING ALL KEYBOARD TRACKS AT ONCE

PLAYING A SONG FROM FLOPPY DISK

SHORTCUT TO SEE THE ORIGINAL BANK FOR A STYLE, PERFORMANCE OR PROGRAM

1 - Playing in realtime

7. TUTORIAL

2 - Playing a Style

3 - Playing a Song

In Sync

Need more information?

4 - Recording a Song

5 - Editing a Song

Need more information?

6 - The Arabic Scale

Other editings

Need more information?

Need more information?

8. MIDI

What is MIDI?

In general

Channels and messages

Tempo

Lyrics

MIDIFILES

THE GENERAL MIDI STANDARD

THE GLOBAL CHANNEL

The Chord 1 and Chord 2 channels