Games PC HARPOON II User Manual

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SOFTWARE.

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Harpoon II Three-Sixty

Harpoon®is a registered trademark of GDW Inc. BattleSet® is a registered trademark of ACSI. MicrosoftTM and WindowsTM are trademarks of Microsoft Corp.

Table of Contents

Credits.......................................................... iii

Introduction .................................................. ix

Table of Contents......................................... xiii

Part One: Operating Instructions .................1

Overview.............................................................. 3

About this Manual ............................................ 4

For the PC User................................................ 5

For the MacintoshTM User ..................................5

Attention New Harpoon User!............................ 6

For New and Veteran Harpoon Users ................. 6

Interface Basics.................................................... 9

Menu Buttons .................................................. 9

Toolbar Buttons ............................................... 9

Tutorial...............................................................1 5

Lesson I: Orientation ..................................... 21

Lesson II: Course & Speed.............................41

Lesson III: Using Sensors ...............................49

Lesson IV: Using Weapons .............................59

Lesson V: Submarine Operations ................... 69

Lesson VI: Air Operations...............................73

Lesson VII: Using the Mission Editor .............. 79

Lesson VIII: The Formation Editor ................... 89

Reference Section............................................... 95

Pull-down Menu Selections .............................97

PC or Apple............................................... 97

About Harpoon II ................................... 97

xiii

Harpoon II

File........................................................ 97

Open .................................................. 97

Save .................................................. 98

Save As ............................................ 98

Load BattleSet ................................98

Difficulty Levels............................98

Resign............................................. 103

Quit................................................. 103

Settings.............................................. 104

Start/Resume or Pause .............. 104

Time Compression....................... 104

Toggle Rng/Bearing [ON/OFF ]...104

Set Flagship ................................. 105

Edit Waypoint Orders.................. 105

Colors ............................................. 105

Symbol Set ....................................109

Setting Game Preferences ......... 109

Missions ............................................. 113

Creating a Mission ...................... 114

Edit Mission ................................. 122

Window ............................................... 126

Game Status ................................. 126

Unit Status ....................................126

Platform Display......................... 126

Order of Battle ............................ 127

Legends ..........................................127

Memory Remaining....................... 128

Messages ........................................128

Current Orders ............................. 128

Scenario Info ............................... 128

Toolbar Buttons.....................................129

Zoom In ............................................... 129

Zoom Out............................................. 129

xiv

Table of Contents

Creating Zoom Windows.................. 129

Track Unit/Group ............................. 130

Map Preferences............................... 130

Attack ................................................. 136

Manual Engagements ................... 136

Close-to-Attack.......................... 137

Bearing Only Attacks.................. 138

Surface-to-Surface Missiles....139

Air-to-Air Missiles.................... 139

Surface-to-Air Missiles............ 139

Anti-Radiation Missiles ............ 139

Torpedoes ......................................140

Aircraft Guns............................... 140

Naval Gunfire ............................... 140

Air Intercepts.............................. 141

Automatic Engagements............. 141

Active & Passive Counter-measures 141

Sensors ............................................... 142

Active Sensors ............................ 142

Passive Electronic Support Measures 143

Intermittent Setting .................. 143

Passive Sonar .............................. 144

Electronic Counter-Measures (ECM) 144

Communications .......................... 144

Sonobuoys ......................................144

Dipping Sonar............................... 145

Navigation..........................................146

Speed/Altitude/Depth..................... 147

Air Operations (Air Ops) ................ 148

Ready Aircraft............................. 148

Harpoon II

Launching Aircraft...................... 149

Landing Aircraft.......................... 149

Manual Air Interception............. 149

Air Interception Missions ......... 150

Manual Air Strikes ...................... 150

Mission Editor Strike Missions 150

Aerial Re-fueling........................ 150

Using the Formation Editor............ 151

Logistics ............................................155

Underway Replenishment ........... 155

Magazine Allocation ................... 156

Reloading Mounts......................... 156

Nav Zones ...........................................157

Create a Nav Zone........................ 157

Editing a Nav Zone....................... 158

Technical Notes ............................... 161

PART TWO: Guide to Naval Warfare ... 171

Author's Introduction .............................. 173

Mission Planning........................................175

The Order of Engagement......................... 181

Formation and Stationing Considerations185

The Electronic Battlefield...................... 193

Anti-Submarine Warfare ......................... 205

Commanding Submarines ......................... 219

Strike Warfare ...........................................227

Anti-Air Warfare.......................................241

Anti-Surface Warfare.............................. 253

Glossary ...................................................... 261

Technical Support......................................279

Index ............................................................ 283

xvi

Overview

Welcome Aboard!

You are about to take command of the awesome power of modern naval and air forces. If you are new to Harpoon then there is much to learn to successfully command these forces under the most difficult scenarios. If you are a seasoned “Harpooner,” we believe we have put together an experience that, like the first computer Harpoon, will provide you with thousands of hours of entertainment and challenging modern conflict. Harpoon II has plenty of things the veteran Harpoon user will find familiar, and yet there are many new features that will demand both your attention and newly acquired familiarity.

Not Just a Game

This is more than just a game. It is a simulation that accurately represents the capabilities and limitations of modern naval and air forces. A painstakingly detailed labor of love went into providing Harpoon II with the most accurate data that can be obtained from open or unclassified sources. You will not find another entertainment product on the market that has the amount of data contained in the

Harpoon II database.

Flexibility of Interface

One of the most striking things about Harpoon II is the use of a windowing interface. Using this interface will provide you with the flexibility to arrange the layout of your tactical display suit to your own particular needs and tastes. You may choose to display either one or multiple windows at the same time. Each window can be resized or “iconized” for later viewing by a simple double-click of the mouse. Each window has its own display preferences settings so you can have one window containing terrain and depth information, while another window displays weather information. There are many combinations available. There is an enormous amount of information in a Harpoon II scenario; the unprepared may easily become overwhelmed. Your use of the interface to create a screen layout will make obtaining and managing the information easier. The interface gives you the versatility to customize the game display and set the level of detail that best suits your style of play and the tactical

situations at hand.

Do your Homework!

The dedicated efforts of many people went into making this product the most accurate and exciting simulation you can run without

Harpoon II

security clearance. Harpoon II is not difficult to play. It is, however, a challenge to play Harpoon II well. While we want you to start enjoying the experience right away, we heartily recommend taking some time to become familiar with the manual before you set sail for the new challenges that await you. You will be a more proficient commander if you log a few hours doing the head work necessary to be the cool, confident, modern commander required to meet the contingencies and conflicts found in Harpoon II. As mentioned above, with the vast amount of information that you will receive as you command your forces, it is not uncommon to become overwhelmed. The greater your familiarity with the interface, and the custom features it offers, the better prepared you will be to lead your forces to the successful completion of the mission objectives.

Operating Instructions

About this Manual

This manual is divided into two parts. Part One contains the

Operating Instructions. These instructions include both the Tutorial, and the Descriptive Instructions. Both provide detailed information on how to use the Harpoon II interface. Part Two is the Guide to Naval Warfare. This guide is a comprehensive reference source that will give the user an orientation into the complexity of modern naval warfare.

Included in the Operating Instructions is a step-by-step tutorial that will get you up and running Harpoon II by taking you through a series of basic scenarios. The tutorial will give the user the opportunity to become familiar with utilizing the interface, commanding units, and using the vast platform database to make informed tactical decisions.

It is recommended you take a moment to, at the very least, read through the tutorial to become familiar with the interface and the use of the toolbar. The tutorial has been designed to provide you with a working knowledge of the most important basic commands. Veteran Harpoon users should not view using the Tutorial as a “demotion,” instead it is a wise investment of your time and will make you a better commander.

After you have read through the Tutorial, you may then decide whether you desire to actually run the tutorial scenarios or skip them and dive into the first tactical scenario. We recommend reading the

Guide to Naval Warfare at your leisure, using it to hone your tactical

skills. The Guide was written by a former Naval Officer with years of experience. Investing the time in study could make the difference

Overview

once you find yourself on the simulated high seas.

For the PC User

For the PC, most of the Harpoon II interface can be utilized with your mouse and the toolbar. All mouse clicks described in this manual refer to a click with the left mouse button. The only exception is the use of the right mouse button to center the map display on whatever point you click using the right mouse button. In addition to the toolbar, major commands can also be given using the keyboard. A guide to the keyboard commands can be found on the Harpoon II Command Card. In addition, 'PC Only' symbols are placed in the manual next to items that apply only to those users with a PC version of Harpoon II.

For the Macintoshtm User

For the Macintoshtm, most of the Harpoon II interface can be utilized with your mouse and the toolbar. The only exception is the use of the Option key and the mouse button simultaneously to center the map display on whatever point that you click. In addition to the toolbar, major commands can also be given using “hot keys”; individual or combination keys on your keyboard. A guide to the keyboard commands can be found on the Harpoon II Command Reference Card. Also, 'Mac Only' symbols can be found next to items that apply only to those users with the MacintoshTM version of Harpoon II .

Attention New Harpoon User!

Welcome to the exciting world of modern naval warfare. We hope you enjoy Harpoon II and that you too will find yourself spending many hours commanding contemporary naval and air forces. To be a successful Harpoon II commander, it is important for you to invest time to become familiar with how the interface for Harpoon II works. Just as important is learning the tactics required to bring about the successful completion of the missions that await you. Because Harpoon II is a complex simulation, learning how to access and use the information that will be made available to you as you play is paramount to your success. Be sure to familiarize yourself with how

to give commands to your forces. Modern naval warfare is often

PC Only

symbol

Macintosh Only

symbol

Harpoon II

described as “hours of boredom, interrupted by moments of stark terror.” Use those “hours of boredom” to improve the flow of information or “intelligence” required to make your “Commander’s estimate of the situation.” Doing this will better prepare you for when those “moments of stark terror” arrive. And trust us, those moments

are going to arrive!

View yourself as a naval officer assuming a new command. Become familiar with your forces. Know your capabilities. Equally important is becoming familiar with the capabilities of the enemy. Harpoon II provides an extensive platform database containing detailed information about the capabilities of every platform (surface vessel, submarine, or aircraft) used in the game. In Harpoon II, as in real life, it is often true that victory goes to the commander that “gets there first with the most.” A successful commander has to also know how and when to use “the most.” Before using your firepower, it is wise that you have the best information about your situation and the situation(s) surrounding you. Those familiar with current events know this may mean the difference between destroying a threatening enemy contact or shooting down an unarmed civilian airliner.

Operating Instructions

For New and Veteran Harpoon Users

If you are a veteran of the first computer Harpoon we believe you will

be very pleased with what we have accomplished with Harpoon II. Besides the interface, another noticeable feature of Harpoon II that differs from its predecessor are the maps. The maps in Harpoon II are vector-generated and are based upon data obtained from a variety of government agencies from several nations, including the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Mapping Agency, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. These maps are very accurate and when future BattleSets and the Harpoon II Scenario Editor are released, players will see even more versatility from the Harpoon II mapping routines. We are no longer limited to

one specific region of the world as was the case in each of the original computer Harpoon BattleSets.

The database for Harpoon II is extensive. Every ship, submarine, aircraft, weapon, and sensor in the database is made up of individual propulsion, mount, and warhead components. The entire database is cross-referenced so that the database of available platforms for the Harpoon II Scenario Editor increases every time you purchase a new Harpoon II BattleSet. We put a great amount of effort and

planning into the Harpoon II database. To obtain the amount of data

Overview

available to you in Harpoon II by other means would cost you thousands of dollars and take hundreds of hours of research.

The data is used by the complex and realistic modeling to determine movement, sensor detection and performance, weapon effectiveness and the adjudication of hits, damage, and kills.

Weapons and sensors are not the only things modeled in Harpoon II. Nature itself is part of the Harpoon II modeling. Realistic weather conditions are represented in the simulation as wind & sea state, precipitation, and cloud cover.

Harpoon II introduces the use of neutral and unknown contacts. Unlike the first computer Harpoon, you will now make contact with other platforms (a platform is a ship, aircraft, or submarine) but will not know their identity unless you improve your visual or electronic means of detection. Many of the scenarios contain neutral civilian ship and aircraft traffic that may be operating in your area. This adds a degree of realism and will challenge your decision-making process.

You will find there is less “micro-management” required in Harpoon II. Your ships, subs, and aircraft can be assigned to missions providing them with mission profiles that are based upon their abilities and the threat situation. This allows you to give the orders and watch what happens. Of course, you can intervene at anytime and give orders to individual platforms as you see fit.

We have also introduced logistics elements to the game. You can no longer expect to have an unlimited supply of ordnance and fuel. If your aircraft land at a base that does not have the type of ordnance your planes require then they will probably just be making a fuel stop. Conventional ships (non-nuclear powered) can now be refueled and replenished at sea. Fuel and ordnance supplies are not unlimited and are factors to be considered during operations. For air operations, the capability for aerial refueling has been included with Harpoon II.

Harpoon II

Operating Instructions

Interface Basics

In order to make Harpoon II easier to use, we gave it a windowing interface. If you are familiar with windowing interfaces (like Microsoft_ WindowsTM or MacintoshTM interfaces), you might want to skip this section. If you haven’t used windowing interfaces before,

read on.

Menu Buttons

Buttons are raised areas (actually, they are drawn to look raised) on the screen. They generally represent options available to you within that window or box. For example, the only button in some dialog boxes is the one labeled OK, because all you can do is acknowledge that you have received the information. By contrast, the zoom map windows have multiple buttons to control game functions.

Toolbar Buttons

Each map window in Harpoon II has a row of colored buttons along the top of the map. These toolbar Buttons are used to issue a variety of orders to your groups, units, or bases as well as provide visual information for each map. Use of each toolbar Button differs slightly.

Each button will be explained later in this manual.

Toolbar Buttons

Radio Buttons/Check Boxes

Many of the dialog boxes and windows in Harpoon II use radio buttons and check boxes to enable certain game options. Unlike Menu and Toolbar buttons, Radio buttons and Check boxes have two states:

selected and non-selected.

Menu Button

Mouse Basics

In the interest of making the rest of this manual easier to

Radio Buttons

Check Boxes

Harpoon II

read, we need to define a few basic mouse concepts.

Operating Instructions

Click

When we talk about a mouse click, we mean quickly pressing the mouse button and letting it go. In Harpoon II (and other windowing applications), this is generally the method for selecting an item from a menu or marking a point on a map. You don’t need to worry about holding down the mouse; how long it takes to make the click doesn’t matter. For the PC all clicks are made with the left mouse button with the exception of map centering which uses a right mouse click. MacintoshTM uses Option-click to center the map.

Double-Click

A double-click is two clicks as fast as you can do it. In Harpoon II, double-clicks serve several purposes. As in other windowing

programs, double-clicking in a window’s upper left corner closes the window (except on MacintoshTM computers, where one click will suffice). Most menu selections will allow you to double-click to highlight the particular selection and simultaneously select it, thus eliminating the need to hit another button such as an OK or CANCEL button. Also, double-clicking on a target finishes the targeting procedure for all appropriate functions (from assigning

attacks to landing aircraft).

Drag

A drag is performed by holding down the mouse button and moving the mouse to a new location. Generally, this operation is used for making a user-defined box (like a Zoom Map - see below) or drag-selecting several units. A Drag can also be used to move an Icon or a Window, both of which will be explained in detail below.

Mouse Pointer

The mouse pointer (generally an arrow) changes shape at different times to indicate different modes. Thus, when you are choosing a target for an attack, the mouse pointer will look like a targeting crosshair, while at other times it will be the traditional arrow, a pointer finger, or one of several other possibilities.

Interface Basics

Hot Keys

Although the use of a mouse is required to play Harpoon II, many commands and options may be selected using the keyboard. Throughout this manual the use of individual keystrokes and combinations of keystrokes are referred to as “hot keys.” Some of the hot keys differ between PC and MacintoshTM. The Harpoon II Command Card has been provided with a list of every hot key and toolbar button. Please review this card to become familiar with the hot keys for your type

of computer.

Windows

A window is a rectangular area of the screen bounded by a border. To differentiate it from a box, a window is sizable (that is, you can change its size).

Window Size and Re-sizing

To change the size (and shape) of a window, move the mouse cursor to the edge of the window; when the cursor changes to a split arrow, hold down the mouse button and drag the edge of the window to where you want it. You can also change the size of a window by clicking on the up arrow in the upper-right corner; doing so will enlarge the window to its maximum size. If you want to restore a window to its former size after you’ve enlarged it, click on the button in the upper right corner with both up and down arrows. Note that when changing the size of the Main Map window it will stay proportional at all times since it represents the entire scenario map area. Zoom and Tracking windows behave differently as you will see later in the tutorials.

Mouse Pointers

Closing Windows

To close a window, double-click on the bar in the upper left corner. Note that there is no close button on the Main Map Window since

it can’t be closed.

Moving Windows

To move a window, move the mouse cursor to the title bar, hold down the mouse button, and drag the window wherever you would like the window placed. Release the mouse button when the window is in the area you desire. You should be careful about

dragging a window too far off to the edge of the screen; once you

Window

Harpoon II

do so, it will become difficult to manipulate it any longer. Also, if you encounter a situation where one window covers another

there are five ways to gain access to the window “underneath”:

Operating Instructions

• Close the covering window.

• Move the covering window.

• Send the covering window to an icon.

• Click on a portion of the covered window to bring it to the front.

• Use the Window pull-down menu and select the menu item in the lower portion of the menu list that bears the name of the window that is covered.

Iconizing or Minimizing Windows

To reduce a window to an icon, click on the down arrow in the upper right corner. An icon will appear bearing the name that was in the title bar of the window. You can then drag this icon to some out-of-the-way spot for later use by clicking on it and dragging it to the new location.

The Macintoshtm interface does not support the iconizing or minimizing

of windows.

Icons

Icons are reduced, miniature windows that you can arrange on the

screen to keep useful information out of the way but still at hand. For example, if you create a window around a unit to closely follow its course, you could then iconize that window and move the icon into a corner of the screen - nicely out of the way. When you want to see that window again, double-click on it to restore it to its

former size and screen placement.

Enlarging Icons

To restore an iconized window, double click on the icon. The window will reappear in its original location.

Interface Basics

Dialog Boxes

A dialog box is a fixed area of the screen bounded by a rectangle. Unlike a window, a dialog box is not sizable, and often it is not moveable either. In Harpoon II , dialog boxes give you information from your staff, allow you to give orders to your units, and allow you to modify game settings like time compression.

Selecting

To do almost anything in Harpoon II, you have to select some item (a window, a unit, a menu choice, etc.). To select an item, move the

mouse cursor to that item and click the mouse button once.

Selecting Multiple Items

A special case of selecting items is Harpoon II’s ability to allow you to select multiple items (units, groups, bases, and reference points). Harpoon II allows you to use two methods of selecting multiple items. First, you may drag a rectangle around all the items in an area; all of the items will be selected (though only appropriate ones will be included in the action). Second, you can use the mouse pointer and the shift key to select multiple targets. To do so, hold down the shift key and click on each item you want to select; then double-click while holding the shift key down on the last item. This method is useful for selecting some items in a crowded area with many items (units, bases, or reference points). Shift-click can also be used to deselect individual items

as well.

Icon

Dialog Box

Harpoon II

Operating Instructions

Tutorial

The Harpoon II Tutorial has been designed to take you through a series of lesson scenarios. These lessons will familiarize you with the interface while demonstrating how to use each command and menu function in Harpoon II. The Harpoon II Tutorial is a wise investment of your time. We understand that you are anxious to start playing and we have designed the Tutorial so that you may learn while you play.

Running Harpoon II

If you have not already installed Harpoon II, we recommend you do

so now. Consult the Installation Instructions. Begin the lessons by running the Harpoon II executable file. Harpoon II was installed in either the HARPOON2 sub-directory for PC, or the HARPOON II Folder for the MacintoshTM. Once Harpoon II has loaded and the title screen and credits have passed, you will see the BattleSet/Scenario Selection Screen. This screen is used to select the BattleSet and scenario you wish to play during the current Harpoon II session.

Selecting the Tutorial

Select the Tutorial by placing the mouse cursor on the word “Tutorial” and clicking with your left mouse button

MacintoshTM users simply click the single mouse button.

Tutorial Scenarios

Once you have selected the Tutorial from the Scenario Selection dialog box, you will see a set of Lesson Scenarios displayed to the right side of the dialog box. Each of these lessons focuses on a particular series of commands and functions in Harpoon II .

The following are the Tutorial Lessons for Harpoon II:

Lesson I: Orientation

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Lesson II: Course and Speed Lesson III: Using Sensors Lesson IV: Using Weapons Lesson V: Submarine Operations Lesson VI: Air Operations Lesson VII: Using the Mission Editor Lesson VIII: The Formation Editor

Loading a Scenario

We will start with Lesson I: Orientation . Select the first scenario of the tutorial by either double-clicking on the scenario name or by clicking once on the scenario name and then once on the OK button located in the lower left area of the Scenario Selection dialog box.

Scenario Load Status

While the scenario is loading watch the Incoming Message Window to see the various portions of the scenario as they are loaded

into the computer’s memory.

Cross Platform Loading and Saving

Harpoon II supports cross-platform loading and saving. Scenarios

and saved game files can be opened and saved on either the PC or the MacintoshTM. NOTE: Attempting to load a game saved from a scenario that was part of a Battleset you do not own will produce unpredictable results.

Choosing Sides

Once the scenario has loaded, you will be asked to choose sides. Click on Good Guys.

Setting Difficulty Level

Press the Difficulty button to set the level of difficulty for the scenario you will be playing.

On the PC, You have four choices:

Tutorial

• Easy Beginner settings

• Average Novice settings

• Hard Expert settings

• Default User defined settings

• Custom Modifies difficulty settings

The initial setting for Harpoon II is Default. For this tutorial select Easy and then OK. A more detailed explanation of Difficulty Levels

and how to customize your default settings can be found in the Reference Section.

On the MacintoshTM version there is a Difficulty Settings dialog box that allows you to toggle the individual difficulty settings. Selecting OK saves those settings to a preferences file, which will then be used each time the game is played.

Macintosh Difficulty Settings Dialog box

Viewing Orders

After selecting your side and setting difficulty level, it is time to review your orders. Take a moment to read the scenario orders on the right side of the Side Selection window. You can use the scroll bar at the side of the orders window to read all of the orders. These

orders can also be viewed at anytime while you are playing the game. Once you have reviewed your orders, click on OK.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

Lesson I: Orientation

Now that you have selected your side, examined your orders, and the scenario has been loaded, it is time to become familiar with the

Harpoon II screen and the components of the interface.

Main Window

The Main Window depicts the entire map area of the scenario. In the Lesson I scenario the Main Window is currently in icon form and labeled “Lesson I.” Go ahead and double-click on the icon. The window will expand and the entire map area will be displayed. For this first Tutorial scenario the only map features that are active are the coastlines and a single unit symbol. The unit represented here is the USS Lewis B. Puller. We’ll learn more about the Puller later in this lesson.

Map Preferences

Let’s go over the components of the map. The map area itself is where the ocean, coastlines, groups, units, and bases are displayed. At the top of the display area is a toolbar containing the buttons used to issue orders to your units or change the window’s features. To activate the various display options, click on the toolbar button marked PREF. This is the Map Preferences button and will display an options screen with a variety of display options which may be selected. It is important to note that you may set a combination of display preferences in each individual window. Each window may have an independent set of preferences. Use this feature to create windows containing a variety of display information. Let’s try out the various Preferences. Go ahead and select the PREF toolbar button from the Main Window. The Map Preferences box should now be in the center of your screen.

PREF Toolbar

Button

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Map Preferences Dialog Box

Window Name

To change the name you see displayed in the title bar of a window, click on the text field containing the current window name and type the name you desire. Go ahead and change “Lesson I” to “Lesson One” or to whatever you want to name the window. You can change the window names to whatever you want during a game to keep track of various areas, units, or groups. Be aware that large window names will not be practical when you have the map window in icon form. Use small names or abbreviations when

naming windows.

Water Depths

Water depths are represented by colored tick marks every 30 minutes of map distance. This is one-half degree or 30 nautical miles at the equator. The water depth scale is represented for three levels, sea level to 10 meters, 10 to 100 meters, and 100 to 1000+ meters. Select Water Depths and click on OK. You should now see colored tick marks representing the various depths of the ocean represented on the map. Go ahead and click the PREF button again to return to the Map Preferences window.

Click the Water Depths selection so it is turned off.

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

Land Elevations

Land elevations can be displayed in 500 meter bands starting at sea level (0 meters) and going up to 2500 meters. Each band can be represented by a colored tick mark. Like water depths, tick marks are placed in 30 minute intervals on the map. The color of the tick mark indicates the elevation for that particular area on the map. The size of the tick mark will depend on the size of the map area represented by the map window and the level at which the map is magnified. We will learn more about changing the magnification level of the map and how to determine the various altitude colors later in this tutorial. For now, select the Land Elevations box and click the OK button. You should now see various colored tick marks representing the elevations of the land masses on the map. Go ahead and click the Map Preferences button again to return to the Preferences window. We are going to leave the elevations off for now while we look at some other display features. Click the Land Elevations selection so it is turned

off.

Ice Pack Borders

To display the polar ice pack borders, click on the Ice Pack Borders selection. The ice packs will only be displayed in scenarios taking place close to the polar regions of the world. Surface ships cannot traverse across polar ice. The ice packs are represented on the map as a line similar to coastlines. Think of it as a variable coastline which changes with the seasons. Because this scenario does not take place in a polar region, ice packs can not be viewed from this first tutorial scenario. Leave this selection off (no “X” in the small square) for now.

Polar Ice Data

Polar Ice Data is provided every half-degree of map distance. When this selection is ON, the entire area defined by the Polar Ice Borders will be displayed. Leave this selection off for now.

National Borders

To display national borders on the map click on this item in the Preferences window. The selection is active if there is an “X” in the small square. Borders are represented as lines within the land masses on the map. Select this box and click on the OK button. You should notice there are now several lines representing

borders on the land masses. Now select the PREF toolbar button

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

again to bring back the preferences listing. You can leave the borders on or off, the choice is yours.

Latitude & Longitude Lines

Latitude and longitude can be represented on any map. You can choose to have no lines, or lines at either 1, 5, or 10 degree intervals. Go ahead and try it out. When you have finished looking at the lines, select No Lines to avoid cluttering the screen as we examine other aspects of the display.

Weather Data

Harpoon II contains a global weather model that creates the

weather conditions most likely to be found in the geographic region in which the scenario takes place. The following weather display choices are available:

No Weather

No weather information will be displayed on the map.

Wind & Sea State

Color coded tick marks similar to the land elevation and depth information will be displayed. The colors vary with the speed of the wind in each half degree interval.

Cloud Cover

The color tick marks represent the type of cloud cover in a given area. The categories for cloud cover are clear, scattered, partly cloudy, and overcast.

Precipitation

The color tick marks represent nine categories of precipitation. The categories include three levels of fog, three levels of rain, and three levels of snow. No precipitation is present if no tick marks are displayed.

Nav Zones

Navigation or “Nav” Zones are areas that you can designate as off-limits to all or some of your units. We will explore how to create and use Nav Zones later in the tutorial. For now, we are

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

interested in the types of Nav Zones and how to display them on the map.

Surface Threat

A Surface Threat Nav Zone will exclude all surface ships from entering the zone. Aircraft and submarines are unaffected by this type of Nav Zone. You may create, modify, or delete this

type of Nav Zone.

Sub Threat

A Sub Threat Nav Zone will exclude all submarines from entering the zone. Aircraft and ships are unaffected by this type of Nav Zone. You may create, modify, or delete this type

of Nav Zone.

Aircraft Threat

An Aircraft Threat Nav Zone will exclude all aircraft from entering the zone. Submarines and ships are unaffected by this type of Nav Zone. You may create, modify, or delete this type of Nav Zone.

General Exclusion

A General Exclusion Nav Zone will exclude all units, aircraft, ships, and submarines, from entering the zone. You may create, modify, or delete this type of Nav Zone.

Neutral

Similar to a General Exclusion Nav Zone, a Neutral Nav Zone will exclude all units, aircraft, ships, and submarines, from entering the zone. You may NOT create, modify or delete a Neutral Nav Zone. Most Neutral Nav Zones will be created when the scenario is designed and will be present from the start of the

scenario.

To display the various Nav Zones, you would select each one so an “X” appears in the boxes. There are no Nav Zones in this first lesson. We will explore their use later in the tutorial.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Weapon Ranges

To display the approximate ranges of your weapons, place an “X” in the boxes next to the following:

Anti-Air Warfare (AAW)

Displays a ring depicting the approximate range of the farthest reaching AAW weapon for each platform.

Anti-Surface Warfare (ASuW)

Displays a ring depicting the approximate range of the farthest reaching ASuW weapon for each platform.

Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)

Displays a ring depicting the approximate range of the farthest reaching ASW weapon for each platform.

Once you have all the items selected with an “X”, click on the OK button. You should see several colored rings around the Puller

representing the approximate ranges of its weapons.

Sensor Ranges

To display the approximate ranges of your sensors, place an “X” in the boxes next to the following:

Air Search

Displays a ring depicting the approximate range of the farthest reaching AAW sensor for each platform.

Surface Search

Displays a ring depicting the approximate range of the farthest reaching ASuW sensor for each platform.

Sonar

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

Displays a ring depicting the approximate range of the farthest reaching ASW sensor for each platform.

Once you have all the sensor items selected with an “X”, click on the OK button. Since we do not have any sensors activated, the only sensor range circle that you should see is the Puller’s passive

sonar.

Range Rings and Groups

Range rings are not displayed while in group view. To view approximate range rings, make sure all desired display options are set in the Map Preferences dialog box, then press the Unit View

hot key.

Data Links

Data Links are used to relay communications, sensor, and contact information between platforms. Data links can only be established between units with operational communications equipment that are in range of one another. A data link provides the ability to “see” things from the point of view of another platform. Think of a data link system as a network of sensors and communications equipment. If you select the Data Links selection, the links will be represented by thin lines between the data link capable platforms on your side. We will take a look at data links later in the tutorial when we have more platforms on the map. Go ahead and leave the Data Link selection on.

Show Sonobuoys

Place an “X” here to display individual sonobuoys on the map. Sonobuoys are dropped into the water by Anti-Submarine aircraft and have their own sensor range circles and data link lines. Because many sonobuoys on the screen can clutter the view, it is a good idea to only use the Show Sonobuoys display option in windows that are being used for ASW operations.

Endurance Range

Place an “X” here to show the approximate range each platform has based upon its current fuel state. The endurance circle for the Puller is very large so it will not show up on your map, so we will not select it at this time. Endurance circles for aircraft are more

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

noticeable as they have much shorter ranges and use fuel at a faster rate than either ships or submarines.

Tutorial Settings

For the purposes of this tutorial you should have the following settings for Map Preferences:

Water Depths: OFF Land Elevations: OFF Ice Pack Borders: OFF Polar Ice Data: OFF National Borders: OFF Latitude/Longitude: NO LINES Weather: NO WEATHER Nav Zones: All OFF Weapon Ranges: All ON Sensor Ranges: All ON Data Links: ON Show Sonobuoys: ON Endurance Range: OFF

Creating Zoom Windows

A Zoom Window can be created by first clicking on the Zoom Window toolbar button. The mouse cursor should now resemble a “+”. Place the mouse cursor at any location on the Main Map area and drag a box as you hold the mouse button down. Once you release the mouse button, a new map window will appear. The new window is a Zoom Window labeled “Zoom Map 1.” Note this new window has its own toolbar buttons. A Zoom Window will have the same preferences as the map from which it was originally created. If you wish to have

different settings, use the Map Preferences button (PREF) for this

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

new window to give it its own display parameters. Click on the PREF button in this new Zoom Window and rename it “Tactical View”. Now grab the corner of Tactical View zoom window and stretch the window so it’s big enough for you to see all of the toolbar buttons for this window. Unlike the Main Map window, zoom windows do not stay proportional and can be stretched to any size without distorting the map.

Centering the Screen

Since the map area displayed in the new Zoom Window is smaller than the Main Map, you can move around within the map and center it on any location. To center the map place the mouse cursor on the point you wish to designate as the new center of the map and click the right mouse button for PC or Option-click for MacintoshTM. The map should now be centered on the point where you clicked. Try it by clicking around and making various points on the map the center. This is a rapid means of traversing across the map surface in any direction.

Zoom In & Out

The new window has three toolbar buttons that were absent from the Main Map. The first two buttons are Zoom In and Zoom Out. Use these buttons to magnify or expand your view in the map. Try clicking the Zoom In button three times and watch what happens to the view in Tactical View. It should zoom in towards the map. Now click on the Zoom Out button three times. Doing this should have expanded the view back to where it was prior to using the Zoom In button. Go ahead and center the map on several areas using the center map feature described above and use the Zoom In and Zoom Out buttons to change the magnification of the view. For example, try centering the map on a coastline and then zoom in and out or center on the Puller and change the magnification. When you are comfortable with how these two buttons function, center the map around the Puller and zoom out enough to where you can see the Puller and some of the coastlines.

Zoom Window

Toolbar Button

Creating Tracking Windows

Another toolbar button not found on the Main Map is the Tracking Window button. A Tracking Window allows the user to select a unit or group and center the map screen continuously on that unit or group. This means the window will keep the selected unit or group in the center of the window as it moves across the map. To create a Tracking Window, select the Puller. Next, click on the Tracking

Window toolbar button. This should center the window on the Puller

Zoom In/Out

Toolbar Buutton

Tracking Window

Toolbar Button

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

and the title bar for the window should now read “Tracking.” You can use the PREF button to rename the window whatever you choose. Go ahead and name the window “Tracking USS Puller.” A Tracking Window can be changed back into a regular Zoom Window by clicking on the Tracking Window toolbar button again. Try it now. As you can see, the window returns to a normal zoom window and if you select tracking window again, the map centers on, and follows, the Puller. You will have to rename the tracking window each time you go from a tracking window to a normal zoom window. Go ahead and rename the window “Tracking USS Puller.”

Additional Window Types

There are a variety of windows used by the Harpoon II interface to display information. We have already learned about the map windows, now we will take a look at the other types of windows that can be displayed using the Window pull-down menu.

Game Status Window

The Game Status Window provides you with the current game time, and time compression ratio. In this tutorial scenario the Game Status Window is already active. If it had not been, you would have needed to select Game Status Window from the Window pull-down menu. The Game Status Window can be moved anywhere on the screen. To display the Game Status Window after it has closed, use the Window pull-down menu selection and select Game Status Window. As you can see, the current game time is 12:00 noon on January 1, 1994 and the game is currently paused. The time is displayed in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) which is also referred to as “Zulu” time.

Zulu Time

Zulu time is used as a standard time reference for aviation and maritime navigation. GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) is named for Greenwich, England, the location of the Royal Observatory which the Prime Meridian (zero longitude) passes through. Using Zulu time puts all aviators and mariners in the same time zone regardless of their geographic location. Although your forces may be operating using Zulu time, the light conditions

due to the position of the sun depend on the location. For example, if you are operating off the coast of Japan and it is

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

12:00 Zulu (noon GMT) it will still be night where you are located as the local time will be in the evening.

Unit Status Window

The Unit Status Window contains information relating to the current unit or group that is selected. The unit Status Window is already active in this tutorial scenario so we do not need to use the Window pull-down menu to create it. If the Unit Status Window was not active, you would need to select Unit Status Window from the Window pull-down menu. Go ahead and select the ship symbol in the middle of the main window. The Unit Status Window should now show you that the selected ship is the USS Lewis B. Puller, an Ingraham class guided-missile frigate, operat- ing on the side of “The Good Guys.” The Puller has a speed of 5 (creep) and has no damage. The current endurance in hours and the current Emission Control (EMCON), state is displayed. The Puller is not currently assigned to a mission and awaits your orders. Had the Puller been an aircraft, submarine, or unknown contact, the Unit Status Window would differ slightly. We will note the differences for these other types of platforms later in the Tutorial. There are two buttons in the Unit Status Window,

the Database button and the Report button.

Game Status

Window

Database

Finally, click on the Database button. Selecting this button brings up the Platform Database entry for the USS Puller. You can also view the platform database by selecting the Platform Display selection from the Window pull-down menu.

Database Display

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Platform Selection Buttons

You can view detailed information on ships, weapons, subs, aircraft and facilities by clicking on the corresponding button in the database window. Press Show All (or Show Selected) to toggle between the currently selected unit and all of the items in the Harpoon II database.

Sensor and Mount Data

Unit Status Window

It is possible to view weapons and sensor information by clicking the corresponding Sensors and Mounts buttons on the database window. Close these windows by double-

clicking the button in the upper-left corner.

Platform Text

Scroll through the data text for the Puller to learn more about its specifications and to read a brief description of the O.H. Perry-class guided-missile frigate.

Displaying Platform Image

To view a diagram and photograph of the Puller, click on the Picture button in the lower right corner. A window containing a line diagram and photograph of the ship class will appear on your screen. This window is dependent on the database window. The image window will remain until you double-click in the upper left corner or close the database window. Closing the image window will not affect the platform database window.

Report

Click on Report in the Unit Status window for detailed information about the current unit or base selected. The Report provides more detailed information than the Unit Status window. Go ahead and click on Report. You will see sections of the Report window listing the weapons and sensors available to the Puller. You can use the scroll bar at

the side of each section to view the entire weapon and sensor

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

list. Go ahead and close the Report when you have finished reading it.

Order of Battle

Click on the Order of Battle selection in the Window pull-down menu to produce a listing of all the groups, units, and bases that are currently under your command. Close the Order of Battle box when you are finished viewing it.

Legends

There are four legends to provide you with information about symbols and colors used to represent units & groups, map components, sensors, weapon ranges, and weather. Go ahead and select Legends from the Window pull-down menu and then select each of the following from the Legends sub-menu:

Symbol Legend

A legend depicting the symbols that represent various unit, group, base, and other “game pieces.”

Map Legend

A legend depicting the colors used to represent various elevation, depth, weather, and Threat Zones.

Tactical Legend

A legend depicting the colors used to represent various sensor & weapons ranges, as well as contact status.

Weather Legend

A legend depicting the colors used to represent various weather-related information.

System Memory Remaining

To view the amount of system memory Harpoon II is using at anytime select Memory Remaining from the Window pull-down

menu. Go ahead and select it now. This selection will provide you with the following information about memory being used by

Platform Image

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Harpoon II:

• Memory available at the start

of the scenario.

• Memory used by the interface.

• Memory used by the game engine.

• Largest block of memory left.

• Total memory left.

On the PC, these values will probably be larger than the actual amount

of system RAM present in your computer. Harpoon II implements virtual memory which uses some of your hard drive when required.

Incoming Messages Window

This is where text information is presented. This window is already active for this tutorial scenario. Information about contacts, threats, and your own Damage Control will be displayed in this window. The location and size of the Incoming Messages window is up to you. It will appear at the bottom of the screen before and during the process of loading a scenario. After the scenario has loaded, the Incoming Messages window may appear in another location or may not appear at all, depending on how the scenario screen layout was saved when the scenario was last exited. You can also re-size the Incoming Messages window to your liking. The following information is displayed in the Incoming

Messages window:

Range and Bearing

If you select Toggle Rng/Bearing and click on it so that it reads [ON] from the Settings pull-down menu, the range and

bearing between mouse clicks on any map window will be displayed in the Message Window. Altitude/depth and lighting conditions are also provided for each point. Go ahead and select the Settings pull-down menu and click Toggle Rng/ Bearing so it reads [ON]. Now click anywhere on the map; do it several times and note the changes in range and bearing as you click. Once you are comfortable with the use of this feature, please turn it [OFF] until we need it later in the

Tutorial. This feature may be toggled on and off with a hot

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

key. Consult the Harpoon II Command Card for details.

Scenario Load Status

The Message Window is the only window you will see on the screen as a scenario is loading. While a scenario is loading, it will indicate the various portions of the scenario that are being loaded into the computer’s memory.

Platform Hit/Destroyed

When a platform is hit, sunk, or destroyed a text message will appear in the Message Window. If this event type is selected in the Game Settings then this text will also appear in a Staff

Message Box.

New Contacts

When a platform is detected a text message will appear in the Message Window. If this event type is selected in the Game Settings then this text will also appear in a Staff Message Box.

System Memory

Window

Contact Change

When a contact is lost a text message will appear in the Message Window. If this event type is selected in the Game Settings then this text will also appear in a Staff Message Box.

General Information

General information regarding aircraft ready status, damage reports, mounts reloading, and other information will appear as text messages in the Message Window. If this event type is selected in the Game Settings then this text will also appear

in a Staff Message Box.

Current Orders

You can review your orders at anytime by selecting Current Orders from the Window pull-down menu. The orders are identical to the ones you viewed earlier after side selection. It is not necessary to have the orders displayed during the game. If you desire, the Current Orders text can be reduced to an icon so that you can easily review them from time to time by double-

Incoming

Messages Window

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

clicking on the icon.

Scenario Info

You can review text information about the scenario you are currently running by clicking on Scenario Info from the Window pull-down menu. This information is identical to the Scenario Info available when selecting a scenario.

Display Features

The display features for Harpoon II are very flexible. The user may customize the display by changing the colors used or selecting from one of two sets of symbols.

Colors

Harpoon II provides the user with the ability to change the colors used to represent the interface, maps, and the game elements (such as symbols). There are three ways to change the colors but for the purpose of this tutorial we will only be covering one of them. Select Colors from the Settings pull-down menu. A submenu should now appear to the side of the Settings menu, click on Default Palettes. You will be given the following five choices:

• Aegis Display

• Amber Display

• OJ-663 Display

• Greyscale Display

• Conventional Display

Go ahead and select Aegis Display. Doing this should change the map colors on your display. Now, try the other selections. The OJ-663 Display is the initial default setting for Harpoon II. For the purposes of this tutorial please reset the palette to OJ-663 before continuing with the tutorial lessons. More information about customizing and setting colors is contained later in this manual.

Choosing a Symbol Set

Select Symbol Set from the Settings pull-down menu. A sub-menu

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

should appear offering the choice of either Stylized or NTDS symbols.

Stylized

Stylized symbols are more intuitively understood and are drawn to resemble various platforms. Because they are easier for new players to recognize, the stylized set is the initial default set for

Harpoon II.

Stylized Symbols

NTDS

Naval Tactical Display System symbols are based upon the symbols used by actual military systems. Harpoon II has been designed to resemble these actual military systems. To achieve true realism, users may consider learning and using the NTDS Symbology. After all, millions of your tax dollars went into the design of these symbols to make them easy to recognize. The Harpoon II Design Team invites you to learn these symbols and play Harpoon II as realistically as possible. They were designed to convey information without relying on context. This is important when a screen is crowded with symbols, time-pressure is high, and you are approaching information overload. Users can instantly see the relations and capabilities of a threat presented by a symbol with a minimal amount of thought.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

NTDS Symbols

Lesson Summary

That concludes Lesson I: Orientation . If you followed each step of the lesson you should now be familiar with each element of Harpoon II’s interface. You also learned to move about a map and how to create Zoom Maps and configure them to display a variety of information. Now that we are finished with the first lesson, let’s move on to the next lesson. Select the File pull-down menu and choose Load BattleSet. Once you have the BattleSet Selection menu up, go ahead and choose the Tutorial BattleSet and click on Lesson II: Plotting

Course & Speed.

Tutorial Lesson I: Orientation

Tutorial Lesson II: Course and Speed

Lesson II: Course & Speed

After you have selected Lesson II, choose Good Guys as your side. Leave the Difficulty Settings as they are currently set.

You should now be looking at a display almost identical to the Lesson I. Once again, the USS Lewis B. Puller is the lone unit on the map. We will be using the Puller to become familiar with navigation procedures for Harpoon II.

Notice that there are three small “X’s” located at various points on the map. These are Reference Points. We will be using them to assist us in our navigation lesson.

Showing Data Blocks

A Data Block is the text information displayed next to each unit, group, base, or reference point. Use the Show Data Blocks hot key to toggle the data block settings. There are three settings for Data Blocks:

• Data Blocks Off for all units.

• Data Blocks On for all units.

• Data Blocks On for the selected unit only.

Go ahead and try it. Press the Show Data Blocks hot key several times and watch the map display. Also notice that the current setting is displayed in the Incoming Messages window. Data Blocks provide Unit/Group Designator (or name), course, speed, and when appropriate, altitude/depth. You should set Data Blocks On for all units for the remainder of this tutorial lesson.

Drawing & Plotting a Course

Let’s start by plotting a course to Reference Point 1. Select the Puller and then click on the Navigation toolbar Button. Your mouse cursor should now change into a pencil shape. Place the cursor at a point about one-third the distance from the Puller to Reference Point 1 and click with your mouse button. A line should appear from the unit symbol to the point where you clicked the mouse. If a line does not appear, try the course tracks hot key that toggles the display of course tracks for all units, the selected unit, and no tracks at all.

Consult the Harpoon II Command Card to determine the correct key

Navigation Toolbar

Button

Pencil Mouse

Cursor

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

for toggling the course tracks. Once you are looking at the line you just created, notice at the point the line ends there is a small circle. This circle is called a waypoint. Halfway between the unit symbol and the first waypoint is a small triangle, this is called a midpoint. We will examine both the waypoint and the midpoint shortly. For now, let’s resume plotting our course to Reference Point 1. Go ahead and place the mouse cursor on a point that is two-thirds the distance from the Puller to Reference Point 1 and click on that spot. Another line segment with a waypoint and a midpoint should appear. Now let’s finish our course. Place the cursor at a point just beyond Reference Point 1 and click. A third line segment, waypoint, and midpoint should appear. You have now finished drawing the course to Reference Point

1. We are finished plotting the course so we need to exit the navigation mode. Place the mouse cursor on the navigation toolbar button and click once. The Navigation toolbar button should come back up and your mouse cursor should now be back to normal (an arrow). After clicking on the toolbar button the Navigator now examines the course you have drawn and plots it. While you are in navigation mode, you are drawing the course and when you exit navigation mode, the course is actually plotted and assigned to the unit or group.

Moving a Waypoint

Suppose you want to change the course you just plotted. Let’s examine how to edit our existing course. First, let’s say that we want to change the location of the final waypoint of our present course. Start by clicking on the third waypoint. It should change color to indicate that it has been selected. Click on third waypoint and hold down on the mouse button to grab it. Now move the mouse to drag the waypoint to a new location. Notice the outline of the course segment from the second and third waypoints now appears as another color and moves as you move the mouse. Drag the third waypoint a short distance from its original location and release the mouse button. The course will change to the new location.

Inserting a Waypoint

To insert a waypoint between two existing waypoints, grab the midpoint between two waypoints and drag it to the place you wish to insert the new waypoint. When you release the mouse button a new waypoint, course segment, and midpoint are all created. Go ahead and create a new waypoint by dragging one of the midpoints a short distance from its present location and releasing the mouse button.

Tutorial Lesson II: Course and Speed

Deleting a Waypoint

To delete an existing waypoint drag it to an adjacent waypoint and release the mouse button once the waypoint is placed in the same position as another waypoint. Try deleting the waypoint you just

created.

Editing a Course using the Navigation Mode

You can also edit a course with the Navigation Mode used earlier to create the original course. Select the second waypoint and then click on the Navigation toolbar button. The course from the second waypoint has been deleted. Since you are now in Navigation Mode, click on a new point near Reference Point 2. A new course segment should appear. Click on the Navigation toolbar button and this new course will be plotted. You can revise a course using this procedure from any waypoint including the current location of your unit or group. Clicking on the unit or group clears any other waypoint from being selected. When you have clicked on the unit or group you are now at waypoint 0. Waypoint 0 is constantly changing as it is the current location of the unit or group. If you click on the Navigation toolbar button while on waypoint 0, your entire course will be deleted. Be careful when using the Navigation toolbar button with a unit or group that already has a course plotted.

Using the Navigator

The Navigation routine used by Harpoon II (referred to as “Navigator”) ensures that the course you have drawn does not violate Nav Zones and, in the case of ships and submarines, does not traverse land. When a course is drawn that would take a unit or group through one of the above mentioned regions, the Navigator will plot a course around the area. Let’s try it out. Select the Puller and then click on the Navigation toolbar button. Any previous course plotted is now deleted. Draw a course directly to Reference Point 3, even though the course goes right through land to reach the destination. Now, click on the Navigation toolbar button to plot the course. The Navigator will begin to work on plotting the best course around the land mass. This will take a few seconds, so don’t be surprised if the course is not plotted immediately. If you look carefully you should see dotted lines appear as the Navigator evaluates several courses to reach the final destination. Once the Navigator has found the optimum path, it will complete the plot. You can now edit the course manually if you wish. Go ahead and keep the course to Reference Point 3 as we move on in the lesson to learn about setting speed.

Speed/Altitude/

Depth Toolbar

Button

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Setting Speed

Ensure that you have selected the Puller (waypoint 0) and then click on the Speed toolbar button. A menu box will appear that allows you to set your speed to one of the following:

• Stop: Engines disengaged, speed set to zero.

• Creep: Engines engaged at low speed. Optimum

passive sonar speed. Actual speed varies between ship and sub types.

• Cruise: Engines engaged at intermediate speed. Opti mum fuel efficiency achieved. Actual speed varies between ship and sub types.

• Full: Engines engaged at high speed. Maximum speed available for sustained periods of time without suffering an engine casualty. Fuel consumption rate is greatly increased. Actual speed varies between ship and sub types.

• Flank: Engines engaged to maximum speed possible. Fuel consumption rate is very high at Flank. To be used in urgent or emergency onditions only. Actual speed varies between ship and sub types.

Speed Selection

Dialog Box

Beside the above settings, a speed can be entered in the text block provided with the Speed/Altitude/Depth menu box. Go ahead and select the Cruise setting and click on OK. You have now set the initial speed for the Puller.

Waypoint Orders

Certain orders can be preset to be executed upon reaching a waypoint. For example, we can create an order for the Puller to change speeds once it reaches the first waypoint. Let’s try it. First, select the first waypoint. Next, click on the Speed/Altitude/Depth toolbar button. The same menu box that we used to set the Puller’s initial speed will appear. Choose Full and click on the OK button. When the Puller reaches waypoint 1, it will change from Cruise to Full.

Tutorial Lesson II: Course and Speed

Nav Zones

Nav Zones were briefly covered in the last lesson so you should have an understanding of the various types of Nav Zones. We are now going to create a Nav Zone and see what effect it has on navigation.

Create a Nav Zone

Prior to creating a Nav Zone, make sure that you have Nav Zones set to display from the Map Preference window. To create a Nav Zone start by clicking on the Nav Zone toolbar button. Your mouse cursor should change into a pencil cursor identical to the one used while in navigation mode. Place the mouse cursor at a point near waypoint 1 and start clicking and moving the mouse around the waypoint. Draw a box around the waypoint with the line segments created each time you click. When you reach the point where you are ready to close the polygon you just created, click on the Nav Zone button again, the polygon will close automatically. A dialog box should appear with a variety of exclusion zones to choose from. Select General Exclusion A and hit the OK button. The line segments should change into one line making up the polygon with a small circle at the point where you first clicked to begin drawing the polygon. This circle is used to select the polygon to edit or delete it.

Editing a Nav Zone

Go ahead and select the circle. Note that when selected, the individual points you used to create the polygon appear. These polygon nodes can be moved and deleted exactly like the navigation waypoints. We will cover deleting a Nav Zone after we have used this particular Nav Zone to demonstrate navigation

around and through it.

Navigating Around Nav Zones

Now that we have a Ship Exclusion Nav Zone around waypoint one, let’s try to navigate through it. Select the Puller again, click on the Navigation toolbar button and draw a course through the Nav Zone you just created. The Navigator will plot a course around the Nav Zone in a manner similar to the way the course was plotted around land to Reference Point 3 in the earlier example.

Nav Zone Toolbar

Button

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Navigating Through Nav Zones

You may require that a unit ignore a Nav Zone because it is critical for the successful completion of the mission to get to a spot inside. To navigate through the zone, start by selecting the unit or group that you want to navigate through the zone. Next, double-click on the Nav Zone toolbar button. The menu box used to designate Nav Zone types will appear with an “X” in every type of Nav Zone that the selected unit or group currently respects. In our case, click on the General Exclusion A box to clear it and then click on OK. The selected unit will now ignore any Nav Zone that has this type. If the polygon has other types selected, the unit may avoid for those reasons. It is important to check and see if a Nav Zone has multiple types before attempting to navigate through with the ignore feature. Try it out. Plot a new course through the Nav Zone you created earlier. The Navigator will now plot a course through this type of Nav Zone. To restore the original settings for the selected unit, simply repeat the process and place an “X” in the box as it was before.

Deleting a Nav Zone

To delete a Nav Zone, select the Nav Zone you wish to delete and then double-click the Nav Zone toolbar button. The Nav Zone type menu will appear again. Click on the “X” representing the selected Nav Zone type and remove it. This will delete the Selected Nav Zone. Go ahead and delete the Nav Zone you created earlier.

Run the Game

Go ahead and select Resume/Start from the Settings pull-down menu. The game will now start and the Puller will begin to move on the course plotted. As the game runs, you can edit the course at anytime. Go ahead and create or move a waypoint so that waypoint 1 is close to the Puller. Select waypoint 1 and click on the Speed toolbar button. Choose Full to give the Puller a speed change at waypoint 1 as we did earlier in this lesson. If you want, you can speed the time compression by hitting the “+” key on the number pad portion of your keyboard. To reduce the time compression rate hit the “-” key on the number pad. Watch either the speed setting on the Unit Status Window or the unit data block as the Puller approaches waypoint 1. When the Puller reaches waypoint 1 the speed will change to Full.

Tutorial Lesson II: Course and Speed

Lesson Summary

You should now be familiar with how to draw and plot courses and assign speed settings. Go ahead and experiment with setting course and speed until you are comfortable. Once you are familiar with what you learned in Lesson II, select Load BattleSet from the Settings pull-down menu and load Lesson III: Using Sensors.

Tutorial Lesson III: Using Sensors

Lesson III: Using Sensors

After you have selected Lesson III, choose Good Guys as your side. To demonstrate the effective use of sensors and how the detection model in Harpoon II works, it will be necessary to change the Difficulty setting for this tutorial scenario.

Click on the Difficulty button and select the Average Difficulty Level. Using this level will provide us with a Detection Setting of Auto Side ID which will make the sensor detection more realistic. Press OK to confirm the selection.

On the Macintosh to match the following. Then click on OK.

, click on the Difficulty button and toggle the settings

Now, click on the OK button on the Side Selection window to start the tutorial scenario.

Passive vs. Active

You should now be looking at a display almost identical to the first two lessons. Once again, the USS Lewis B. Puller is the lone unit for your side on the map. We will be using the Puller to become familiar with

the use of sensors. Note in the Unit Status window that our sensors

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

are currently passive which means that we are not using active sensors at this time, it also means that your passive sensors are online and sensitive. An active sensor is a radar or sonar that is emitting either electric or sound energy. An active radar sends out electronic pulses which reflect off of a target and are interpreted by the radar and displayed on a screen. The same is true for active sonar which uses sound energy instead of electric energy in the pulse. For more on active and passive sensors, read the appropriate section in the Guide to Naval Warfare in the latter portion of this manual.

Composite Warfare Command Structure

Harpoon II uses a command structure based upon the U.S. Navy’s Composite Warfare Command. This structure divides the aspects of naval operations into several areas. For the purposes of Harpoon II we have used five of these aspects. Each Composite Commander has a particular call sign to identify them when making radio or intercom (called the “1MC" on U.S. Navy ships) broadcasts. An actual radio or 1MC call will be simulated when a contact is made by one of the following Composite Warfare Commanders:

Alpha Bravo (AB)

The Senior Commander. In Harpoon II, this means you. All radio calls to AB are directed to you, the player.

Alpha Echo (AE)

The Electronic Warfare Commander. Anytime an emission from a jammer is detected or lost, AB will be informed by AE. Unknown electronic or electromagnetic signals, such as jammer emissions,

are referred to as “rackets”.

Alpha Sierra (AS)

The Anti-Surface Warfare Commander. Anytime a surface contact is made or lost, AB will be informed by AS. An unknown surface contact is referred to as a “skunk”.

Alpha Whiskey (AW)

The Anti-Air Warfare Commander. Anytime an air contact is made or lost, AB will be informed by AW. An unknown air contact is referred to as a “bogie.”

Tutorial Lesson III: Using Sensors

Alpha X-ray (AX)

The Anti-Submarine Warfare Commander. Anytime a sub contact is made or lost, AB will be informed by AX. An unknown sub contact is referred to as a “goblin”.

Start the Lesson

Go ahead and start the lesson by selecting Start/Resume from the Settings pull-down menu or using the hot key. The scenario will start with the Puller awaiting your orders. Go ahead and plot a course to Reference Point 1 and set your speed at cruise. Following this course

will provide you with several different contacts.

Air Contact

After a few moments, you should receive a contact report from AW alerting you to a new air contact. Notice that the contact is displayed to the north of your position. If the exact location of the contact can not be determined, an Electronic Support Measures (ESM) track will appear as an elongated diamond with an air unit symbol inside. This represents what your passive sensors have detected. It means that the contact is emitting some kind of energy from either radar or radio communications and is strong enough to be detected by your ESM sensors. The actual location of the air contact is somewhere inside the diamond. The area bordered by the changing diamond is an uncertainty region. Uncertainty regions appear when the contact’s location is not known but there is enough information on the direction of the contact to interpolate the region where it is most likely to be located.

Evaluating a Contact

Click on the aircraft symbol and take a look at the Unit Status window. Here you will be able to view information about the contact. Since it is an unknown contact we have little information about it. Notice for example that there is no information about course and speed on the contact. Click on the Report button in the Unit Status window. In the Sensor text box there is a listing of the type of emission that is coming from the air contact. Since the emission is an air weather radar and a transponder set with a commercial code, there is a high probability that the contact is civilian air traffic. Depending on your tactical situation, your orders, and the number of assets you have available,

you could find out more about the contact by using other sensors, or

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

sending your aircraft to intercept and identify. Since we are a lone ship we can only use our sensors.

Using Active Radar

Go ahead and turn on your radar by clicking on the Sensors toolbar button. Click on the Active selection for Radar in the Sensor Selection dialog box. Range circles should now appear around the Puller and the Unit Status window should say ACTIVE in the EMCON block. The range circles represent the maximum effective range of the sensors. These are not absolute as sensor ranges can vary due to meteorological conditions, as well as factors relating to the position and size of the contact. The yellow circle represents the surface search radar and the white circle (which is only visible as a large arc) is the air search radar.

Sensor Toolbar

Button

Sensor Selection

Dialog Box

Radar Contacts

You should now have a better fix on the first air contact while also detecting a second air contact. You should now have two air contacts. If you click on either of these contacts you will see that you can now see information about their speed and course. The reason we did not detect this second contact is because the aircraft was not radiating any energy from radar or radio. Confirm this by clicking on the new air contact and selecting the Report button in the Unit Status window. There is no type of sensor listed which means the contact is not emitting. Since we have no ESM information coming from the new contact, it is truly an unknown. For the purposes of this lesson we are going to allow the air contact to approach our ship to demonstrate visual identification. Go ahead and let the air contact approach and watch what happens. It should head straight for the Puller. The first air contact is moving more to the east away from your location. Notice that as it moves past, the contact will switch between being displayed as a solid contact and as an uncertain ESM track. This happens more frequently with contacts moving near the maximum range of the detecting platform. You may also temporarily lose the contact only to have it reacquired and reported as a new contact. Pay particular attention when this happens so you don’t incorrectly assume that another aircraft has been detected. As the first air contact moves to the east, the accuracy of the contact will diminish and will eventually be lost. Since the first air contact is moving away from our location it is not a concern. The second air contact is, however, beginning to turn towards our location. Although this would normally be the cause for some concern on our

Tutorial Lesson III: Using Sensors

part, we will allow the contact to get closer.

Visual Identification

Once the second air contact is in visual range (which varies depending on weather, time of day, size of contact, and the altitude of the contact) you will receive a message indicating that we have identified the contact. Notice that ID information is now provided in the Unit Status Window. We can see the contact is a civilian airliner taking a big chance by not having its transponder or radar turned on! Since it is not a threat, we will allow it to pass. In real life that pilot would have received a stern radio warning or would have been intercepted by fighters or even shot down if the tactical situation was tense. We will allow the contact to pass and continue. Leave the radar active for now.

Sonar

As we continue on our course we will now learn more about the sonar. Your passive sonar is always on. The capability of your passive sonar to detect is reduced as the ship’s speed is increased. Let’s decrease our speed by clicking on the Speed/Altitude/Depth toolbar button and selecting Creep as our new speed. Notice that the passive sonar range circle increases once the Puller has slowed. This increase in passive sonar range is due to the reduction in noise that results from the ship moving slower through the water. After awhile, you should detect an unknown submarine submerged somewhere below and along your course.

Sub Sonar Contacts

Unlike ships and aircraft, it is unlikely that you will ever visually ID a submarine contact. Sub contacts are very difficult to pinpoint. There is always the strong possibility that you will lose contact with a submarine. The location, speed, aspect to your platform, and a variety of other factors, will determine the accuracy of your submarine detection. Submarines will often make aspect changes to foil any attempt by another submarine to follow them from behind. This tactic can also make it more difficult to maintain a solid passive contact on the submarine.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Working the Contact

Let’s do a little bit of aspect changing ourselves. Go ahead and make a few minor changes to the Puller’s course so the ship “zig-zags” across its original course. Do this by making several 45 degree turns back and forth. See if the contact changes as you make the turns. For this example the submarine is making turns as well, so you should see some changes.

Active Sonar

After watching the contact for a short while, go ahead and turn on the active sonar. Do this by clicking on the Sensor toolbar button and selecting Active Sonar. Notice that the sonar range changes colors to indicate that the sonar is now active. The big drawback to using active sonar is that you are now sending sound pulses through the water that can be traced back to your location. Active sonar announces to everyone where you are located. Depending on the location of the sub contact when you go active, there may be changes in the quality of the contact. Observe the contact for a few moments and then turn off the active sonar.

Resume Course and Speed

The submarine used in this lesson was neutral and not a threat. We will let it pass, noting that the quality of the contact degrades as we move further away. Notice that the size of the uncertainty region surrounding the sub contact increases as we get further away. Let’s continue on our original course to Reference Point 1. Go ahead and

increase speed to Cruise.

Surface Contacts

After continuing on the course towards Reference Point 1, you should soon detect a surface contact. Notice that the contact is an ESM detection which means that the Puller is detecting some kind of energy radiating from the contact. Select the contact and click on Report in the Unit Status Window. The sensor list shows several types of radar common to British naval vessels. The contact is not in radar range yet so we will wait a bit and see if the detection improves as we get closer. Eventually the contact will solidify and you will be able to determine the contact’s exact location. Once this happens, the contact will change to a brighter color indicating a solid contact.

Tutorial Lesson III: Using Sensors

ESM vs. Active Radar Detection

Once you have a solid contact, turn off your radar and watch what happens to the contact. It went back to being an ESM track. Now turn

the radar back on and watch the contact solidify again.

Identification

As the contact gets closer there is a chance that we will make a visual identification. If we wanted, we could also send up a helicopter to identify the contact. We will cover the capabilities of on-board helicopter use in another lesson. At this range the contact has detected us as well. If it were an enemy ship there is a good chance we would have several missile contacts as well. Once the surface contact is in visual range it will be identified as H.M.S. Exeter, a British

Navy destroyer.

ECM

At a point close to where Puller and Exeter pass each other, Exeter will turn on her Electronic Counter-Measures (ECM). Turning on the jammers can affect radar and communications. Note that when the jammer is turned on, a small “Q” will appear in the upper right corner of the unit symbol representing Exeter, and a small “X” will appear in the upper right corner of Puller. These markings designate the Exeter as the jamming source and that Puller is having her sensors degraded due to jamming. After a short while Exeter will shut off her jammer. Once this happens, go ahead and try out Puller’s ECM gear by clicking on the Sensor toolbar button and selecting ECM Active. Note the “X” marking on Puller. You will not have information about other ships being jammed unless they are in communications with you. There is an “X” on Puller because your own jammers are affecting your sensors. Go ahead and turn the jammers off for now.

Comm Link

The only selection in the Sensor Selection box that we have not used is Comm Link. This is used to establish and maintain communications between units on your side. We will cover this in detail in an upcoming

lesson.

Remainder of the Lesson

The remainder of Lesson III takes place as the Puller turns east and

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

traverses between Reference Points 1 & 2. You should make contact with another submarine and one more surface vessel. Go ahead and explore the remainder of this scenario by working these two contacts.

Change the Detection Setting

To properly demonstrate how to work sensor contacts you should try running this scenario again with a more difficult Detection Setting using the Difficulty button and selecting Custom. Go ahead and give it a try. Reload the Lesson III tutorial scenario and set the Detection Setting to Full Reality using the Custom difficulty setting button. Running at Full Reality will provide you with less information about the contacts once they are detected. This will make it more difficult to positively identify contacts. When you have fully explored the scenario at Full Reality you can go back and try each of the various detection settings. When you are ready to move to the next lesson go ahead and open the Tutorial BattleSet again to load Lesson IV: Using Weapons. Finally! You get to shoot at something!

Tutorial Lesson III: Using Sensors

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Tutorial Lesson IV: Using Weapons

Lesson IV: Using Weapons

Difficulty Level

Select Lesson IV: Using Weapons from the Scenario Selection window. It is recommended you set your Difficulty Level to Average for this lesson. If you are playing the MacintoshTM version, match your difficulty settings to those found in Lesson III . Select Good Guys

from the Side Selection window.

Starting the Lesson

Once again, you are in command of the USS Lewis B. Puller. As with the other two previous scenarios, you will be navigating from the present position of the Puller to Reference Points 1 & 2. Go ahead and set your course to the two Reference Points as you did in the previous lessons. Set your speed to Cruise and leave your sensors turned off for the time being. Note that for this lesson scenario, some new range circles are shown around the Puller; these are the ranges for AntiSurface, Anti-Air, and Anti-Submarine weapons. These circles represent the maximum range of the weapon in each category. Go ahead and start the scenario lesson by choosing Start/Resume from the

Settings pull-down menu.

Weapons Free or Weapons Tight

There is an option in the Game Preferences dialog box under the Settings menu that determines whether or not your units will fire on enemy air targets independently. Weapons Free allows units under your command to engage independently and Weapons Tight prevents units under your command from firing without orders from you. The default setting on Harpoon II is Weapons Free. When Weapons Tight is selected it will be up to you, the user, to engage incoming air and missile targets. It is important to note that Weapons Tight is only respected by units that are unassigned or on plotted missions. Units on other missions or out of comm range will always behave as if the Weapons Free option is selected. For the purpose of this lesson leave the setting as Weapons Free. There is also a hot key that can be used to select Weapons Free. Consult the Harpoon II Command Card for

details.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Air Threats

Shortly into the scenario you should have two air contacts to the north. Go ahead and watch these contacts for a few minutes to see if you can determine more information about them without turning your sensors on and revealing your position. Click on each contact and determine what kind of emissions your ESM gear has detected. The contacts are emitting surface search radar that can be found on several Soviet-made heavy bombers. So, it is a logical assumption (for this scenario, at least) that these are the Bad Guys. Let’s watch them for a while and see where they are headed.

Acquire Air Targets

After observing these contacts for a few minutes, we can see they are headed for our position. It looks like we may have a fight on our hands. In most scenarios you would probably have additional assets such as fighter aircraft to intercept a possible threat. We are going it alone in this scenario to demonstrate the use of surface-to-air weapons. Go ahead and activate your radar (you should know how to do this from our last lesson). You should quickly obtain solid contacts on both aircraft. The next portion of the tutorial will demonstrate the difference between automatic and manual engagements.

Automatic Engagements

Since we have set the Staff Preference option to Weapons Free, allow the first aircraft to get close enough for a visual ID to see if the Puller will engage the air threat on her own. The first aircraft is identified as a Bear-F Bomber (ASW variant). Once it has been identified, the Puller will automatically engage. You should see a video of a missile launch and if you have a PC with a sound card or a MacintoshTM, the sound of the missile launch will be heard as well. A missile symbol will appear and begin tracking towards the target. If it hits you will notice a rosette pattern representing an explosion surround the aircraft hit by a missile. If the missile misses, additional missiles will be

automatically launched.

Manual Engagements

We are going to engage the second air target manually. First, select Weapons Tight from the Game Preferences dialog box within the

Tutorial Lesson IV: Using Weapons

Settings pull-down menu. Then, click on the Attack toolbar button.

Your cursor should now be a targeting crosshair. Once the second air threat has crossed the range circle for your air weapons, go ahead and double-click on the aircraft symbol. A box will appear with four panels. The upper-left is the firing unit, the upper-right is the list of available weapons listed in the order of most capable weapon for the designated target. The lower-left panel lists the target(s) and the lower-right lists the weapons allocated for the target(s) listed. This is the Weapons Allocation dialog box. As you can see, one SM-1 missile has been allocated to engage the target. Let’s fire 3 missiles by clicking twice on the listing for the SM-1 in the upper-right panel. The number of SM-1 missiles allocated should now be 3. On second thought, let’s only fire 2 missiles and save some of the taxpayer’s money. Click once on the listing of 3 missiles in the lower-right panel. The number of missiles should now read two. Go ahead and hit OK. The missiles should now launch with a display identical to the automatic sequence used to engage the first threat aircraft. In the unlikely event that both of your missiles should miss, fire again. By the time the second aircraft is destroyed you should pick up a third

incoming air contact.

Manual Engagements with Groups

Attack Toolbar

Button

We are going to engage the last air threat as a group. Although it doesn't seem so, the third incoming air threat is actually a group of two aircraft. Make sure that the Puller is selected. When the aircraft come within range, click on the attack toolbar button and then dragselect the incoming air group. Once again the Weapon Allocation dialog box will come up, but you will notice that this time there are two Bears listed in the enemy unit section of the screen. You will see that the staff has already allocated an SM-1 to each. Go ahead and hit OK. The missiles should now launch, and each of the allocated missiles will track its assigned target. In the unlikely event that both of your missiles should miss, fire again.

A Note About Drag-Selecting Groups

Drag-selecting can be used to select reference points, friendly units, and enemy units. One key function of drag-selecting is in forming groups. To do so, simply drag-select the units you wish to group and press the 'G' hot key. To group friendly airborne units, the units must be the same type of aircraft, have identical loadout types, and be on the same mission.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Staff Allocation

Each time you attack a target your Staff will automatically allocate a number of appropriate weapons unless you do not have Allocate Weapons selected in the Staff Preferences settings found in the Game Preferences dialog box under the Settings pull-down menu. Even if you have the Staff allocate weapons, you can still manually edit the allocation by clicking on the various selections in each panel on the

Weapons Allocation box.

Surface Threats

With the air threat eliminated, let’s continue on course for Reference Points 1 & 2. Leave your radar on. As we near Reference Point 1 we should be detecting two surface contacts. Once there is a surface detection, go ahead and continue to close on the contacts to make a visual ID. In the meantime, evaluate the contacts by selecting each and clicking on the Report button to determine what type of radar each one is emitting. We can see that the first contact is radiating a Square Tie Surface Search (SS) radar and a Drum Tilt acquisition radar, both are common to Soviet missile boats. The second contact has a generic navigation radar. Looks like a cargo ship being escorted by a missile boat. Let’s take ‘em both out.

Attacking

Once the first contact is in range of your surface weapons (outer weapons range circle), go ahead and click on the Attack toolbar button (make sure the Puller is currently selected). The mouse cursor should change to a targeting crosshair. Either double-click on the first surface contact or drag-select it. The Weapons Allocation Window will appear as it did when we were targeting air targets earlier in this lesson. This time the target is a surface contact and the weapons are surface-to-surface missiles and guns. Because the Staff Allocation feature is turned on in the Staff Preferences, a Harpoon missile has already been allocated for the target. Go ahead and double-click on the allocated Harpoon missile to remove it from the allocation list. Instead, select the Standard Anti-Radiation Missile (ARM) by doubleclicking on it in the Weapons Available list.

Anti-Radiation Missiles

Tutorial Lesson IV: Using Weapons

Anti-Radiation Missiles (ARM) are weapons that guide on radiated energy. They can be used to destroy an enemy’s radar system. An ARM will lock on to the signal radiating from an enemy radar or jammer and fly directly to that source. ARMs can be launched from surface ships and from aircraft. Click on OK after allocating one ARM to be targeted on the first surface contact. Another dialog box will appear listing the number of ARMs allocated and the various types of emitters currently detected that are radiating from the target. You can then allocate each individual ARM to a particular emitter. Click OK to confirm the selection that has already been made by your Staff. Video and audio representations of a missile launching will play and a missile symbol will appear on the map screen heading toward the target. If the missile is shot down or misses the target, fire another. Go ahead and target the first surface contact with a Harpoon missile to finish it off. After it has been hit click on the unit symbol for the first contact and note that in the Unit Status window the unit is on

fire and sinking.

Bearing Only Attacks

Some weapons can be launched without designating a target. Bearing Only Attacks allow the player to designate a point on the map where the weapon’s targeting sensors will activate and begin searching for a target. This can be useful if you have lost a contact but have a good idea where it is located and want to launch an attack even though you do not have a fix on the target. To launch a Bearing Only Attack use the Bearing Only Attack hot key. Consult the Harpoon II Command Card to find out what key to use for your computer type. The cursor will change to a pointer finger cursor. Move the cursor to the point you want the weapon’s seeker to activate. Click once with the mouse button to designate the activation point. The Weapons Allocation Box will appear with a list of Bearing-Only capable weapons. Allocate and launch in the same manner as before. Go ahead and launch a Harpoon in the general direction of the second surface contact designating an activation point just in front of the contact. The missile will launch, proceed to the activation point, and then activate its search radar to acquire a target. The missile should hit if the weapon’s sensor locks-on to the target.

Naval Gunfire

Naval Gunfire does not have the range of surface-to-surface or

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

surface-to-air missiles. You have to get in closer to use guns. Go ahead and close with the second surface contact. Click on Attack from the toolbar and allocate several gun bursts from several of the available guns. Each allocation of a gun is a burst that fires several rounds. The number of rounds per burst varies with each weapon. Hit OK to fire. It will take many shots to sink the ship. Once it is damaged and burning, go ahead and proceed on the original course towards Reference Points 1 & 2.

Continue on Course

After the Puller passes Reference Point 1 and changes its heading for Reference Point 2, you should detect another surface contact. This contact is going to be more of a challenge. It is an enemy missile boat with many missiles. We are going to engage it to demonstrate missile air defense. There is a chance that the Puller could be hit and the scenario could end. Now is a good time to demonstrate the Save Game feature. By saving the game now you will be able to return to this point in the lesson without having to repeat the first two engagements.

Saving a Game

Select Save As from the File pull-down menu. A dialog box will appear that provides a space for you to type the name of file to be used for the saved game. Go ahead and save the game as LESSON4A.SAV. Once it is saved, load the saved game by selecting Open from the File pull-down menu and choosing LESSON4A.SAV.

Air Defense Against Missiles

Now that you have a saved game available, let’s press on into battle. Continue on course to close the distance between the Puller and the enemy contact. When the contact is in range of your surface-tosurface weapons, fire away! It is likely that as soon as you fire, the contact will launch missiles at your missiles and at you directly. Watch what happens as both sides defend against inbound missiles. Several of the missiles will be shot down resulting in a video of an air target being hit and the symbol for the missile disappearing from the map. Since Weapons Free is currently selected in the Staff Preferences, the Puller has been defending itself without your intervention. This does not preclude you from targeting an inbound missile manually. To do so, treat the inbound missile in the same manner as you did when you targeted and launched on the incoming Bear-F aircraft. Go ahead and try to engage manually if you wish. If the Puller is sunk, go ahead and

Tutorial Lesson IV: Using Weapons

reload the game you previously saved and try again until you are comfortable with how to engage missiles. This is also a good opportunity for you to have some fun by getting into a shooting match with the enemy missile boat. When you have had enough, go ahead and read the rest of the lesson. Active & Passive Counter-

measures

Active and Passive Counter-Measures

Close-in Weapons System (CIWS)

Many ships are equipped with a Close-in Weapons System (CIWS) that is used as a last resort. CIWS is a rapid-fire Gattling gun that engages inbound missiles at close range. This defensive system is automatic.

Naval Guns

Some naval guns may also be used to engage an incoming missile threat. In Harpoon II, this type of point defense is automatic.

Chaff

Chaff is made of strips of radar reflective material which is fired from launchers on ships and airplanes to confuse enemy radar. The most common use of chaff is to decoy inbound missiles. The launching of chaff is automatic.

Flares

Flares are very hot incendiary devices that are launched from ships or aircraft to decoy heat seeking missiles. Flares are used and depicted in the same manner as chaff.

Jamming

Some ships and aircraft have the ability to jam enemy radar by transmitting powerful signals that interfere with the enemy radar. To turn on jammers, press the Sensors toolbar button and select Active for the Electronic Counter-Measures (ECM) selection.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Blip Enhancers

Some helicopters are equipped with blip enhancers. This is an electronic device the sends out a signal that lures incoming enemy missiles by providing a signal that resembles that of a ship. Some enemy missiles can be lured using blip enhancers. To use a blip enhancer a helicopter must be flying near the ship that is targeted by enemy missiles. Use the Sensor toolbar button and select

Active for ECM to activate blip enhancers.

About Submarine Threats

Now that we have engaged surface contacts, let’s discuss submarine threats. As we noted in Lesson III, submarines are very elusive. The range of the Puller’s Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) weapons system (the MK-46 torpedo) is not very great. Getting close to a submarine with a surface vessel is not a sound tactical move. Most of the time the submarine will prevail. Normally, ASW helicopters would be launched from the Puller’s flight deck to prosecute a sub contact. We will cover this aspect of ASW in the Air Ops tutorial lesson. Engaging a sub contact with surface-launched torpedoes uses the same targeting and weapons allocation procedure as we used to engage air or surface targets with missiles. If you should find yourself in the position where you are on top of an enemy sub it would be best to launch a couple of torpedoes and leave.

Run at Full Reality

For a greater challenge, try running this lesson again with the Detection Setting at Full Reality. You will notice that it is more of a challenge to be successful when the enemy is more difficult to identify. While you already know what will happen in this scenario, running it at Full Reality will make you appreciate the efforts required to identify contacts before engaging.

End of Lesson

Let’s move on to the other side of the equation and learn about submarine operation from the point-of-view of the submarine commander. Load Lesson V: Submarine Operations.

Tutorial Lesson V: Submarine Operations

Lesson V: Submarine Operations

Difficulty Setting

For best results, set your Difficulty Setting to Average for this tutorial scenario. MacintoshTM users should use the settings from

Lesson III.

Getting Started

In this lesson we will leave the USS Lewis B. Puller and take command of the USS La Jolla, a Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine. Using Lesson V, we will examine some of the unique characteristics of submarine operations. Once you have selected Lesson V, choose Good Guys again. The Lesson V tactical map is identical to the previous lessons except that instead of the Puller, the La Jolla is

present.

Navigation

Select the La Jolla and plot a course to Reference Points 1 & 2. Navigation for submarines is identical to the procedures used for surface ships. The major difference is that submarines can change depth. The Speed/Altitude/Depth toolbar button is used to set a submarine’s speed and depth at which it will operate. Go ahead and

set the La Jolla’s speed to creep and her depth to intermediate.

Using Sensors

The primary sensor for a submarine is its passive sonar. You can see the passive sonar range circle for the La Jolla on the map display. Although submarines also have an active sonar capability, using active sonar can reveal the sub’s presence. Using active sonar is not advised because it gives away the position of the submarine and the element of surprise will be lost. The passive sonar is always functioning, therefore it does not need to be turned on. Continue on course with passive sonar only. You can increase the time compression to 5 minutes. As soon as you detect a surface contact reduce your time

compression to 1 second.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Surface Contacts

The quality of the contact will depend on several factors, including the speed, size, and aspect of the contact. Your speed and depth, as well as the location of the thermocline, all affect the quality of a sonar contact. Try changing your depth and course if you need to improve the contact. Since the contact is very large, it has been identified as the Alligator, a cargo vessel for the Bad Guys. It is unlikely that it is traveling unescorted, which means there is a very good chance there is another ship in the area we have not detected. The second contact should be made shortly after the first and will be a Nanuchka-class missile boat. Fortunately for the La Jolla, neither of the contacts has any ASW weapons.

Sub Contacts

It has been said that the best way to hunt a submarine is with another submarine. Shortly after detecting the two surface contacts, a submarine contact will be detected to the northeast of the La Jolla’s position. We now have two surface contacts that are lucrative targets while a sub threat exists nearby. Let’s take out the two surface contacts and then deal with the sub.

Using Weapons

Escort or not, we are going to attack the Alligator. With the La Jolla selected, click on the Attack toolbar button, allocate two Mark 48 ADCAP torpedoes, and press OK. You will see two torpedo symbols appear and move toward the Alligator. Normally we would change course and depth to evade. First, let’s demonstrate the use of missiles from submarines by attacking the Nanuchka class escort. The procedure for launching a missile from a submarine is identical to that used with ships with one important exception, the submarine must be at shallow depth or above when launching. Go ahead and change the La Jolla’s depth to shallow by clicking on the Speed/ Altitude/Depth toolbar button and selecting Shallow. It will take a minute or two for the sub to change depth. In addition, because the torpedo tubes on the La Jolla were all loaded with ADCAPS, we must load the missile manually. When it reaches shallow, double-click on the Logistics toolbar button. In the Reload Weapon Selection dialog box you will see three panels: Mount List, Mount Weapons, and Magazine Weapons. The Mount List displays the available mounts on the selected unit and whether or not they are currently loaded. The numbers next to a mount ( in this case "1/1") indicate both the

number of rounds it contains and the number it can hold when full. The

Tutorial Lesson V: Submarine Operations

Mount Weapons panel shows all the possible weapons that can be loaded into the selected mount and which ones currently are. The Magazine Weapons panel displays all the remaining unallocated ordnance on the selected platform. In the Mount List, select one of the full torpedo tubes. It should be designated as 533 mm MK68TT

x 1/1. In the Mount Weapons list, find and double click on one of the MK48 ADCAP 1/1 torpedoes. Notice the 1/1 becomes 0/1 and the

selected tube in the Mount List also changes from 1/1 to 0/1. This designates that the torpedo tube mount is now empty. To load the mount, double click on the Harpoon ID x 6/8 in the Magazine Weapons panel. Notice it decreases to 5/8, the Harpoon ID in the Mount Weapons list changes to 1/1 and the selected torpedo mount in the Mount List changes to 1/1. Click on OK. Loading mounts takes a certain amount of time, so allow several minutes to pass (game time) and then attack the Nanuchka by clicking on the attack toolbar button, double clicking on the Nanuchka, and allocating a RGM-84D Harpoon ID. After clicking OK, you will see a missile symbol appear. The missile will fly to the target and if it hits, the hit video will display. If it misses, reload the other mounts with Harpoons or attack the

Nanuchka with ADCAPS. Now it is time to deal with the sub contact.

Using the Thermocline

The temperature of water creates layers in the ocean that affect the propagation of sound. Submarine commanders take advantage of this temperature layer called the Thermocline or “layer”. In Harpoon II, the layer is located between the shallow and intermediate depth bands. Being above or below the layer offers a sub commander the ability to minimize detection depending upon the location of enemy subs. You may have to change the La Jolla’s depth several times to get the best detection and attempt to determine the sub contact’s depth. Remember, the sub contact may have detected you as well. Changing your course and depth is a wise tactical procedure. Go ahead and alter both course and depth from time to time as you close with the sub contact.

Close with the Sub Contact

For our purpose in this lesson let’s leave the La Jolla’s depth at intermediate and plot a course toward the sub contact. As the La Jolla gets closer to the contact we should have enough of a quality detection on the contact to identify the class of submarine. This

contact is an Akula-class attack submarine.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Engage the Sub Contact

Attempt to maneuver behind the Akula. You may need to alter speed to catch it in the correct position. Once you are behind the Akula close to within two or three miles. Once in position, attack the Akula with a MK-48 ADCAP torpedo.

End of Lesson

When you have either sank the Akula, or lost contact, or even been sunk yourself, go ahead and end the scenario and load Lesson VI:

Air Operations.

Tutorial Lesson VI: Air Operations

Lesson VI: Air Operations

Getting Started

Set your Difficulty Setting to Average for this tutorial scenario. Users of the MacintoshTM version should use the Difficulty Settings

from Lesson III.

In this lesson we will concentrate our attention on the use of aviation assets. Once the Lesson VI tutorial scenario has been loaded you will see that the Good Guys have one airbase called “Good Guys 1” located on the northern half of the map named Tactical. On station to the northwest of the base is the USS Theodore Roosevelt aircraft carrier. A known enemy installation, a fuel depot, is located just south of Good Guys 1. Just north of the base two aircraft are circling. One is a KC135 Stratotanker and the other is an F-16 Fighting Falcon. There are

also two reference points that will be used during the lesson.

Launch Aircraft

Let’s get a better idea of what our situation is by launching an E-3 Airborne Warning and Control (AWACS) aircraft. Select the Good Guy 1 airbase, then select Order of Battle from the Window pull-down menu. The report will provide a listing of what aircraft are currently assigned to the base. You will see there is only one E-3 Sentry and four F-16 Fighting Falcons available. There are three ways to launch

an aircraft from a base or ship:

• Formation Air Patrol - Using the Formation Editor

• Air Mission - Using the Mission Editor

• Manual Launch - Using the Launch/Ready Aircraft Window

We will be using the Manual Launch method to get the E-3 airborne. Close the Order of Battle window and then click on the Air Ops toolbar button. A Launch/Ready Aircraft window will appear listing the E-3, its loadout, status, and mission assignment. Below the aircraft listing is an inventory of the highlighted aircraft’s loadout. Click on the E3 Sentry and press the Launch button at the bottom of the screen. A small box will appear asking how many aircraft you desire to launch,

hit OK to approve the “1” already selected for you. Notice that listing for the E-3 now includes “O/T Launch” which stands for “ordered to

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

launch.” If you change your mind and do not want the aircraft to launch, click on the Clear button to remove the launch order for that aircraft. We want to launch the E-3, so go ahead and press Continue to execute the launch order. The window will close and after about two to three minutes the E-3 Sentry will launch and begin circling near the airbase, awaiting your orders. Select the E-3 and press the Navigator toolbar button. Plot a course to Reference Point 1 and set the E-3’s speed to cruise and the altitude to High by clicking on the Speed/Altitude/Depth toolbar button. A higher altitude improves the range your radar can detect. After the aircraft begins to head towards Reference Point 1, turn on the radar. You should immediately

detect an airborne contact and a surface contact.

Ready Aircraft

Aircraft can be configured to carry a variety of different weapons, fuel tanks, and jamming pods. Collectively these components are called “stores.” The type of mission the aircraft will perform dictates the particular loadout it will use. Loadouts will differ between aircraft as each aircraft has its own capacity and endurance range.

Let’s demonstrate how to ready aircraft by selecting the Good Guy 1 airbase and pressing the Air Ops toolbar button. As before, the Launch/Ready Aircraft window appears. Select one of the F-16s and press the Ready button at the bottom of the window. The top portion of the window will now display a list of available loadouts for the F-16. Go ahead and click on several of them and note that the contents of each loadout are displayed in the lower portion of the window. For this first F-16, select a PGM (precision guided munition) loadout by clicking on the loadout and then clicking on the OK button. The list of loadouts will change to the list of aircraft. Note that one of the F-16s is now listed with a guided loadout and will be ready in 30 minutes. Go ahead and ready each of the four F-16s with different loadouts of your choice. When aircraft are ready a message will appear in the Incoming Message window and, if selected, a Staff Message box. The procedure we used to ready aircraft for the airbase is identical to readying aircraft on a carrier or a ship with helicopter

facilities.

Anti-Ship Strikes

Now that the E-3 is providing us with a better picture of our situation, let’s take a closer look at the surface contact. Select the USS Roosevelt and press the Air Ops toolbar button to view the Launch/

Tutorial Lesson VI: Air Operations

Ready Aircraft window. The “Teddy R” has one F/A-18 Hornet with a Standoff loadout (SO), another Hornet with an Iron Bomb (IB) loadout, an F-14 Tomcat with an Air-to-Air loadout (ATA), and an SH60B Seahawk helicopter with an Anti-Submarine loadout (ASW). Select the F/A-18 with the Standoff Loadout, which we can see in the loadout listing below includes two AGM-84D Harpoon missiles. Press Launch and OK to confirm. Now we will learn how to use the Airborne Intercept Routine. Once the Hornet is airborne, select it and then press the Air Ops toolbar button. The mouse cursor will turn into a targeting crosshair. Double-click on the surface contact. Doing this will order the F/A-18 Hornet to intercept the surface contact. When ordered to intercept the contact, the Hornet will set its own course, speed, and altitude toward the surface contact. If the contact is determined to be hostile, the Hornet will engage the target. As we will soon see, the surface contact is our old friend the Kriminsky Komsomolets. When the Hornet is in range it will launch one or both Harpoon missiles at the ship and either return to base or launch another missile depending on the result of the first launch. Now let us focus our attention on the enemy fuel depot.

Air-to-Ground Strikes

As we did with the first F/A-18 Hornet, launch the second one from the Roosevelt. The second Hornet carries iron bombs. They should do fine against a fuel depot. You can choose to have the Hornet intercept the fuel depot or you can just plot a course to the depot and when you are directly over it, press the Attack toolbar button and allocate your load of iron bombs against the fuel depot. Go ahead and try it either way. When you have expended bombs and time on this target, let’s move on to the air contact.

Air-to-Air Engagements

We still have to deal with the airborne contact. Select the Roosevelt again and launch the F-14 Tomcat to intercept the air contact. When the F-14 is in range of the contact it will launch an AIM-54 Phoenix missile at the contact. The contact in this lesson scenario is a TU-16 Badger bomber. If your missile misses, launch again or close with the target and engage with guns by using the Attack toolbar button and allocating bursts from the 20 mm cannon. You must be in very close to the target to engage with guns. When the target is destroyed the F-14 will remain on station loitering until it is low on fuel (“BINGO FUEL” in pilot terms) at which time it will return to base.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Airborne ASW

There is a submarine in the vicinity of Reference Point 2. Select the Roosevelt and launch the SH-60 Seahawk. Once it is airborne plot a course for Reference Point 2. Plot the course so that the SH-60 passes back and forth over Reference Point 2. To locate the sub we will drop several sonobuoys. When the Seahawk reaches the area around the Reference Point, hit the one of the Sonobuoy Release hot keys on your keyboard (consult the Harpoon II Command Card to find out which key to use for your type of computer).

There are two types sonobuoys: Passive and Active. A Passive sonobuoy listens for sounds in the water while an Active sonobuoy sends out a sonar ping and listens for the return of the sound to determine if there is a submarine in the area. When you drop a Passive sonobuoy it will be in communication with the aircraft that dropped it, providing the aircraft with contact information. An Active sonobuoy has a passive capability identical to the Passive sonobuoy and can also be turned on to send out pulses of sound energy to detect submarines. To turn on an Active sonobuoy first select the sonobuoy and then press the Sensor toolbar button.

Drop several of each type of sonobuoys and wait to see if they detect the sub. When the sub is detected, engage it by selecting the SH-60 and clicking on the Attack toolbar button and clicking on the sub contact. Allocate a torpedo and hit OK. The torpedo will deploy and begin to search for the submarine. Sub contacts can also be intercepted in a similar fashion to that used to intercept aircraft, ships, and ground targets. Play around with the sub contact for a few minutes and then let’s move on to explore aerial refueling.

Aerial Refueling

Remember the F-16 and the KC-135 circling north of the airbase? The F-16 is probably getting low on fuel. Let’s use these two aircraft to demonstrate how to conduct aerial refueling. Start by selecting the F-16 and then clicking on the Air Ops toolbar button. The mouse cursor will change to a targeting cursor. Place the cursor on the KC135 and double-click. You can also drag-select the KC-135. This will cause the F-16 to plot an intercept course with the KC-135, which will loiter until the F-16 arrives to begin aerial refueling. This process takes several minutes once the two aircraft join. Once the F-16 has finished refueling it will continue to loiter with the tanker until you give it orders to do something else, or it will return to the mission to which

it was assigned prior to the refueling order.

Tutorial Lesson VI: Air Operations

Land Aircraft

Once you are finished with the aerial refueling, let’s end this tutorial scenario by ordering all airborne aircraft to return to base. Select the aircraft you wish to order back to base and click on the Air Ops toolbar button. The mouse cursor will change into a crosshair. Click on the desired landing site, either a base or ship. The base or ship must be capable of supporting the selected aircraft. For example, you cannot land a fighter jet on a frigate, or a land-based aircraft like the E-3 on an aircraft carrier. Go ahead and order any of the other aircraft used in this lesson to land. This completes Lesson VI. Our next lesson deals with creating & editing missions.

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Tutorial Lesson VII: Using the Mission Editor

Lesson VII: Using the Mission Editor

Getting Started

Load Lesson VII from the Scenario selection screen, choose Good Guys as your side. Set the difficulty level to Average. The map area

for this lesson scenario is identical to the previous lesson. Users of the Macintoshtm users should use the Difficulty Settings from Lesson III. Again, the airbase Good Guy 1 is present, as well as the USS Theodore Roosevelt. There are several Reference Points placed around the map

that will be used during the lesson.

Mission Types

This lesson demonstrates the use of what is probably the most powerful and useful function in Harpoon II: the Mission Editor. Using this feature allows units or groups to perform a variety of missions. Ships, aircraft, submarines or a combination of these platforms can be assigned to missions. Assigning units or groups to missions offers the user the flexibility of allocating various assets to perform specific functions continuously during a Harpoon II session. Once units or groups are assigned to a mission they will automatically launch, transit, patrol, detect, and in most cases, prosecute enemy contacts. Missions are more than just patrols though. They can be modified as the tactical situation changes during a scenario. There are three general types of missions:

• Area

• Strike

• Reconnaissance

For the purposes of this tutorial lesson we will be creating one mission from each type. It is recommended that you read more about the various kinds of missions available under each type. More information is contained in the Mission Editor section of this manual.

Existing Reference Points

Many of the mission types utilize Reference Points to designate the area in which the mission will take place. Reference Points can be placed anywhere on the map. In this lesson there are currently six

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

Reference Points already on the map. We will use these points to create some missions later in this lesson. Use the Data Block hot key to toggle the Reference Point names on. Consult the Harpoon II Command Card for information about what hot key to use for your

computer type.

Selecting Reference Points

A Reference Point can be selected in a manner similar to that used to select a unit or group. Select one of the Reference Points on the map by clicking on it. When selected, a Reference Point will change into a triangle. Multiple Reference Points can be selected at the same time by either clicking one at a time or drag-selecting several at the same time. To “deselect” a Reference Point, click on it again and it will return to an “X” indicating it is no longer selected. Go ahead and try selecting several points using both the methods described above. When you are familiar with selecting Reference Points set all the

points so that none of them are selected.

Adding Reference Points

Let’s create a new set of Reference Points. Use the Add Reference Point selection from the Mission pull-down menu to add a Reference Point to the map. Once Add Reference Point is selected, the mouse cursor will change to a pointer finger. Place the cursor on the point where you want the Reference Point to appear and click once. A small "X" will appear. Reference Points may also be added using a hot key. Consult the Harpoon II Command Card for information about the hot keys. Place two additional Reference Points near Reference Points 1 & 2 using the existing Reference Points to form a rectangle.

Move Reference Points

Reference Points can be moved to new locations after they have been placed on the map. To demonstrate, select one of the reference points you created and then choose the Move Reference Point selection from the Mission pull-down menu. The mouse cursor will change to a pointer finger. Click on the location where you want the selected Reference Point to be located. The Reference Point will move to the new location. Make sure you only have one point selected when using this feature.

Tutorial Lesson VII: Using the Mission Editor

Naming Reference Points

Reference Points are numbered in the order in which they are placed on the map. The name of the Reference Point will appear with a datablock name of “Ref X” where “X” is the number of the Reference Point. Reference Points can be renamed by selecting the Reference Point and using a hot key. Consult the Harpoon II Command Card for information about the hot keys. Go ahead and name one of the points you created to whatever you wish.

Delete Reference Points

To delete a Reference Point, you do not have to select a point first. Start by choosing the Delete Reference Point selection from the Mission pull-down menu. The mouse cursor will change to the pointer finger. Place the mouse cursor on the Reference Point you wish to delete and click. The Reference Point will disappear from the map. Reference Points can also be deleted using a hot key. Consult the Harpoon II Command Card for information about the hot keys. Be careful you do not delete a Reference Point that is being used by a current mission. Go ahead and delete the Reference Point you just renamed and then create another one to replace it in the same spot.

Create a Mission

Let’s start by creating an Area Mission using Reference Points 3, 4, 5, & 6. Select each of these Reference Points. Ensure that only these four points are selected. These four points will define the area in which the mission will take place. Next, select the Create Mission selection from the Mission pull-down menu. The Create Mission window will appear in the center of the screen.

Mission Name

An operation name will be randomly assigned to the mission. This name is generated randomly from a list of words. Click on the text block and type in “AAW Patrol 1” as the mission name, over-writing

what the computer chose for you.

Choose Mission Type

We will now choose the mission type. Let’s send out an Area AntiAir Warfare Patrol by clicking on the small circle next to Patrol

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

AAW.

Emission Control

In the same dialog box you have the ability to set the sensor status desired for the assigned platforms to use during the mission. There are three types of Emission Control:

Passive

No active sensors to be used on the mission.

Intermittent

Active sensors will radiate intermittently. A window will appear allowing you to set the interval, duration, and variance of the emissions.

Active

Active sensors will be used during the duration of the mission.

For the AAW patrol you are creating, select Active.

Time Delay

Missions can be given a time delay so that they commence at a set number of days, hours, and minutes from when the mission is assigned. To assign a time delay simply click on the time delay text blocks and type in the desired delay. CAUTION: Once you set a time delay it can not be changed after you leave the Create Mission window. If you desire to change the time delay you will have to delete the mission and re-create it. For the “AAW Patrol 1” mission we will not be using the Time Delay feature.

1/3 Rule

When the 1/3 Rule check box is marked, the mission handler AI keeps one-third of the aircraft assigned in the air. This applies to area missions only. If the 1/3 Rule check box is not marked, all of the aircraft assigned to the area mission are launched.

Edit Now

Tutorial Lesson VII: Using the Mission Editor

The Edit Now selection box in the Create Mission window allows the user to go directly to the Edit Mission dialog box. Select this box as we still need to edit this mission. If the Edit Now box is not selected and the OK button is pressed, the mission will be created, but you will have to use the Edit Mission selection from the Mission pull-down menu to edit the mission. After selecting Edit Now press the OK button.

Edit Missions Dialog Box

After a mission has been created, units or groups need to be assigned before the mission may commence. The Edit Missions dialog box has three columns:

Missions

This column lists all missions that have been created. The listing of “Plotted” will show all units currently being manually plotted. You should see “AAW Patrol 1” in this column as well.

Assigned Units

This column lists all units that have been assigned to the mission currently selected in the Missions column.

Unassigned Units

This column lists all units not assigned to a mission. Anything listed in this column can be assigned to a mission. Individual aircraft will not be listed here. If the word “Aircraft” appears in the column it means that there are aircraft available for missions at one or more of the bases, ships, or ship groups listed.

For this first mission we will assign two F-14 Tomcat fighters to patrol for enemy aircraft in and around the rectangle made by the selected Reference Points. First, select “AAW Patrol 1” in the Missions column and then click on the Add A/C button at the bottom of the Edit Missions dialog box. The Assign Aircraft window will appear on the screen with a list of aircraft, their current loadout, ready status, and current assignment. Also displayed in the bottom half of the dialog box are details concerning the loadout of the aircraft currently selected. Click on the F-14 Tomcats and then click on the Assign button at the bottom of the box. A small dialog box will appear asking how many of these aircraft should be assigned to the mission. It

should show '2'. Click OK. The current assignment for the F-14

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

aircraft will now read “O/T Mission” which stands for “Ordered To Mission. Other aircraft can be assigned, or readied using the Assign Aircraft window. With the two F-14 Tomcats ordered to the mission, click on the Continue button. You will now return to the Edit Missions dialog box . Click on “AAW Patrol 1” in the first column. You can now see that the word “Aircraft” is listed in the Assigned Units column in the middle of the box. This means that there are currently aircraft assigned to the selected mission.

Confirm Mission Assignments

Press OK to provide final confirmation for the mission assignments and to exit the Edit Mission dialog box. The mission is now active and will launch shortly. The F-14s will launch and fly to the designated patrol area and begin flying in a patrol pattern searching for air contacts. While the AAW patrol is launching, let’s create a strike mission against the enemy airbase to the south of our airbase.

Create a Strike Mission

Start by selecting the enemy target, in this case, the airbase to the south. Next, select New Mission from the Mission pull-down menu. The Create Mission dialog box will appear. Change the mission name to “Ground Strike 1” and click on the Ground Strike selection for the mission type. Set Emissions to Passive and select Edit Now. Once you have all of the above set, press OK.

Edit Strike Mission

From the Edit Missions dialog box, assign four A-6 Intruders to the strike mission using the same procedure used to assign the F-14s to the AAW mission. After the Strike mission is activated, let’s continue with our third and last mission, a Reconnaissance Mission.

Create a Reconnaissance Mission

Select Reference Points 3, 4, 5, and 6 to designate the mission area. Select Recon Ship from the Create Mission dialog box with Emissions set at Intermittent. Select Edit Now and then press OK.

Edit Reconnaissance Mission

From the Edit Missions dialog box, assign one P-3 Orion to the recon mission using the same procedure used to assign the

Tutorial Lesson VII: Using the Mission Editor

previous two missions. After the recon mission is activated, let’s

sit back and watch what happens.

Mission Behavior

The aircraft assigned to the three missions you created will all perform their assignments in different ways. The AAW mission will patrol the assigned area with active sensors and will engage any enemy air target it contacts. The Strike Mission will fly to the target, drop bombs, and return to base. The Reconnaissance Mission will patrol the assigned area looking for enemy ships. If any ships are detected the reconnaissance aircraft will not become decisively engaged and will attempt to identify and “shadow” the contact. For the purposes of this scenario we have added several enemy contacts for you to deal with as you wish. Go ahead and experiment using the mission aircraft to engage the targets. We have provided you with extra aircraft if you desire to experiment with the other types of missions (consult the detailed Mission Editor instructions later in this manual).

Ships and Submarines

All of our mission examples have been aircraft related. Ships and subs can also be assigned to missions. The only difference between aircraft missions and ship or submarine missions is the use of the Assign Aircraft to Mission window. Ships and submarines can be assigned to a mission from the Edit Missions dialog box by selecting the mission and then double-clicking on the unassigned ship or sub. This lesson scenario provides you with our old friends the Puller and the La Jolla. Go ahead and experiment using the existing Reference Points, or points that you wish to create, to assign both of these two platforms to missions. You will find that they will take longer to get to their designated areas but that they will generally behave in a manner that is similar to the aircraft on missions.

Editing Existing Missions

The Mission Editor can also be used to edit existing missions. The Editor is accessed by selecting the Edit Mission selection from the

Mission pull-down menu.

Freeing Units

You must remove a unit from its current mission before assigning it to another. Also, be aware that if you manually plot a course for a

Harpoon II Operating Instructions

unit, that unit is considered by the mission handler AI to be assigned to a plotted mission, therefore it must be unassigned, or removed from that mission. Deleting the mission will free all formerly assigned units.

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