D-Link DES-3624 User Manual

DES-3624 Series

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch

User’s Guide

Second Edition (April, 2000)

6DES3624..02

Printed In Taiwan

RECYCLABLE

Wichtige Sicherheitshinweise

1. Bitte lesen Sie sich diese Hinweise sorgfältig durch.

2. Heben Sie diese Anleitung für den spätern Gebrauch auf.

3. Vor jedem Reinigen ist das Gerät vom Stromnetz zu trennen. Vervenden Sie keine Flüssig- oder Aerosolreiniger. Am besten dient ein angefeuchtetes Tuch zur Reinigung.

4. Um eine Beschädigung des Gerätes zu vermeiden sollten Sie nur Zubehörteile verwenden, die vom Hersteller zugelassen sind.

5. Das Gerät is vor Feuchtigkeit zu schützen.

6. Bei der Aufstellung des Gerätes ist auf sichern Stand zu achten. Ein Kippen oder Fallen könnte Verletzungen hervorrufen. Verwenden Sie nur sichere Standorte und beachten Sie die Aufstellhinweise des Herstellers.

7. Die Belüftungsöffnungen dienen zur Luftzirkulation die das Gerät vor Überhitzung schützt. Sorgen Sie dafür, daß diese Öffnungen nicht abgedeckt werden.

8. Beachten Sie beim Anschluß an das Stromnetz die Anschlußwerte.

9. Die Netzanschlußsteckdose muß aus Gründen der elektrischen Sicherheit einen Schutzleiterkontakt haben.

10. Verlegen Sie die Netzanschlußleitung so, daß niemand darüber fallen kann. Es sollete auch nichts auf der Leitung abgestellt werden.

11. Alle Hinweise und Warnungen die sich am Geräten befinden sind zu beachten.

12. Wird das Gerät über einen längeren Zeitraum nicht benutzt, sollten Sie es vom Stromnetz trennen. Somit wird im Falle einer Überspannung eine Beschädigung vermieden.

13. Durch die Lüftungsöffnungen dürfen niemals Gegenstände oder Flüssigkeiten in das Gerät gelangen. Dies könnte einen Brand bzw. Elektrischen Schlag auslösen.

14. Öffnen Sie niemals das Gerät. Das Gerät darf aus Gründen der elektrischen Sicherh eit nur von authorisiertem Servicepersonal geöffnet werden.

15. Wenn folgende Situationen auftreten ist das Gerät vom Stromnetz zu trennen und von einer qualifizierten Servicestelle zu überprüfen: a – Netzkabel oder Netzstecker sint beschädigt. b – Flüssigkeit ist in das Gerät eingedrungen. c – Das Gerät war Feuchtigkeit ausgesetzt. d – Wenn das Gerät nicht der Bedienungsanleitung ensprechend funktioniert oder Sie mit Hilfe dieser Anleitung keine Verbesserung erzielen. e – Das Gerät ist gefallen und/oder das Gehäuse ist beschädigt. f – Wenn das Gerät deutliche Anzeichen eines Defektes aufweist.

16. Bei Reparaturen dürfen nur Orginalersatzteile bzw. den Orginalteilen entsprechende Teile verwendet werden. Der Einsatz von ungeeigneten Ersatzteilen kann eine weitere Beschädigung hervorrufen.

17. Wenden Sie sich mit allen Fragen die Service und Repartur betreffen an Ihren Servicepartner. Somit stellen Sie die Betriebssicherheit des Gerätes sicher.

18. Zum Netzanschluß dieses Gerätes ist eine geprüfte Leitung zu verwenden, Für einen Nennstrom bis 6A und einem Gerätegewicht grßer 3kg ist eine Leitung nicht leichter als H05VV-F, 3G, 0.75mm2 einzusetzen.

WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE

IF THE D-LINK PRODUCT DOES NOT OPERATE AS WARRANTED ABOVE, THE CUSTOMER'S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE, AT D-LINK'S OPTION, REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT. THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. D-LINK NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE OR USE OF DLINK'S PRODUCTS D-LINK SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS TESTING AND EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THAT THE ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE PRODUCT DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY THE CUSTOMER'S OR ANY THIRD PERSON'S MISUSE, NEGLECT, IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR TESTING, UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR, OR ANY OTHER CAUSE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE, OR BY ACCIDENT, FIRE, LIGHTNING OR OTHER HAZARD.

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

IN NO EVENT WILL D-LINK BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA, LOSS OF PROFITS, COST OF COVER OR OTHER INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES ARISING OUT THE INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, USE, PERFORMANCE, FAILURE OR INTERRUPTION OF A D- LINK PRODUCT, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY. THIS LIMITATION WILL APPLY EVEN IF D-LINK HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. IF YOU PURCHASED A D-LINK PRODUCT IN THE UNITED STATES, SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Limited Warranty

Hardware:

D-Link warrants each of its hardware products to be free from defects in workmanship and materials under normal use and service for a period commencing on the date of purchase from D-Link or its Authorized Reseller and extending for the length of time stipulated by the Authorized Reseller or D-Link Branch Office nearest to the place of purchase.

This Warranty applies on the condition that the product Registration Card is filled out and returned to a D-Link office within ninety (90) days of purchase. A list of D-Link offices is provided at the back of this manual, together with a copy of the Registration Card.

If the product proves defective within the applicable warranty period, D-Link will provide repair or replacement of the product. D-Link shall have the sole discretion whether to repair or replace, and replacement product may be new or reconditioned. Replacement product shall be of equivalent or better specifications, relative to the defective product, but need not be identical. Any product or part repaired by D-Link pursuant to this warranty shall have a warranty period of not less than 90 days, from date of such repair, irrespective of any earlier expiration of original warranty period. When D-Link provides replacement, then the defective product becomes the property of D-Link.

Warranty service may be obtained by contacting a D-Link office within the applicable warranty period, and requesting a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. If a Registration Card for the product in question has not been returned to D-Link, then a proof of purch ase (such as a copy of the dated purchase invoice) must be provided. If Purchaser's circumstances require special handling of warranty correction, then at the time of requesting RMA number, Purchaser may also propose special procedure as may be suitable to the case.

After an RMA number is issued, the defective product must be packaged securely in the original or other suitable shipping package to ensure that it will not be damaged in transit, and the RMA number must be prominently marked on the outside of the package. The package must be mailed or otherwise shipped to D-Link with all costs of mailing/shipping/insurance prepaid. D-Link shall never be responsible for any software, firmware, information, or memory data of Purchaser contained in, stored on, or integrated with any product returned to D-Link pursuant to this warranty.

Any package returned to D-Link without an RMA number will be rejected and shipped back to Purchaser at Purchaser's expense, and D-Link reserves the right in such a case to levy a reasonable handling charge in addition mailing or shipping costs.

Software:

Warranty service for software products may be obtained by contacting a D-Link office within the applicable warranty period. A list of D-Link offices is provided at the back of this manual, together with a copy of the Registration Card. If a Registration Card for the product in question has not been returned to a D-Link office, then a proof of purchase (such as a copy of the dated purchase invoice) must be provided when requesting warranty service. The term "purchase" in this software warranty refers to the purchase transaction and resulting license to use such software.

D-Link warrants that its software products will perform in substantial conformance with the applicable product documentation provided by D-Link with such software product, for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of purchase from D-Link or its Authorized Reseller. D-Link warrants the magnetic media, on which D-Link provides its software product, against failure during the same warranty period. This warranty applies to purchased software, and to replacement software provided by D-Link pursuant to this warranty, but shall not apply to any update or replacement which may be provided for download via the Internet, or to any update which may otherwise be provided free of charge.

D-Link's sole obligation under this software warranty shall be to replace any defective software product with product which substantially conforms to D-Link's applicable product documentation. Purchaser assumes responsibility for the selection of appropriate application and system/platform software and associated reference materials. D-Link makes no warranty that its software products will work in combination with any hardware, or any application or system/platform software product provided by any third party, excepting only such products as are expressly represented, in D-Link's applicable product documentation as being compatible. D-Link's obligation under this warranty shall be a reasonable effort to provide compatibility, but D-Link shall have no obligation to provide compatibility when there is fault in the third-party hardware or software. D-Link makes no warranty that operation of its software products will be uninterrupted or absolutely error-free, and no warranty that all defects in the software product, within or without the scope of D-Link's applicable product documentation, will be corrected.

D-Link Offices for Registration and Warranty Service

The product's Registration Card, provided at the back of this manual, must be sent to a D-Link office. To obtain an RMA number for warranty service as to a hardware product, or to obtain warranty service as to a software product, contact the D-Link office nearest you. An address/telephone/fax/e-mail/Web site list of D-Link offices is provided in the back of this manual.

Trademarks

Copyright 2000 D-Link Corporation. Contents subject to change without prior notice. D-Link is a registered trademark of D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems, Inc. All other trademarks belong to their respective proprietors.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative such as translation, transformation, or adaptation without permission from D-Link Corporation/D-Link Systems Inc., as stipulated by the United States Copyright Act of 1976.

FCC Warning

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with this user’s guide, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

CE Mark Warning

This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment, this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

VCCI Warning

BSMI Warning

ABLE OF

0 ABOUT THIS GUIDE............................................................................................................................................. 10

ONTENTS

ONVENTIONS

VERVIEW OF THIS USER’S GUIDE

1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................... 11

AST ETHERNET TECHNOLOGY

IGABIT ETHERNET TECHNOLOGY

WITCHING TECHNOLOGY

EATURES

Ports........................................................................................................................................................................... 12

Performance features................................................................................................................................................. 13

Management............................................................................................................................................................... 13

2 UNPACKING AND SETUP.................................................................................................................................... 14

NPACKING

ETUP

............................................................................................................................................................................. 14

ESKTOP OR SHELF INSTALLATION

ACK INSTALLATION

OWER ON

Power Failure ............................................................................................................................................................16

3 IDENTIFYING EXTERNAL COMPONENTS..................................................................................................... 17

RONT PANEL

EAR PANEL

IDE PANELS

TACK OPERATION

PTIONAL PLUG-IN MODULES

100BASE-FX (MT-RJ) Module .................................................................................................................................. 21

100BASE-FX (SC) Module......................................................................................................................................... 21

100BASE-TX Module................................................................................................................................................. 22

1000BASE-SX Gigabit Module .................................................................................................................................. 22

1000BASE-LX Gigabit Module.................................................................................................................................. 23

1000BASE-T Copper Gigabit Module........................................................................................................................23

NDICATORS

LED I

................................................................................................................................................................ 10

................................................................................................................................. 10

...................................................................................................................................... 11

................................................................................................................................. 11

.............................................................................................................................................. 12

...................................................................................................................................................................... 12

.................................................................................................................................................................... 14

................................................................................................................................14

...................................................................................................................................................... 15

..................................................................................................................................................................... 16

................................................................................................................................................................. 17

.................................................................................................................................................................. 18

......................................................................................................................................................... 19

........................................................................................................................................ 20

........................................................................................................................................................... 24

4 CONNECTING THE SWITCH.............................................................................................................................. 26

WITCH TO END NODE

WITCH TO HUB OR SWITCH

10BASE-T Device....................................................................................................................................................... 27

100BASE-TX Device ..................................................................................................................................................27

5 SWITCH MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS.............................................................................................................. 28

OCAL CONSOLE MANAGEMENT

Diagnostic (Console) Port (RS-232 DCE) ................................................................................................................. 28

DDRESSES AND

IP A

RAPS

............................................................................................................................................................................ 29

MIB

.............................................................................................................................................................................. 30

ACKET FORWARDING

Aging Time................................................................................................................................................................. 30

Filtering Database ..................................................................................................................................................... 31

PANNING TREE ALGORITHM

................................................................................................................................................... 26

........................................................................................................................................... 26

.................................................................................................................................... 28

SNMP C

OMMUNITY NAMES

.................................................................................................................................................... 30

......................................................................................................................................... 31

.......................................................................................................... 29

STA Operation Levels................................................................................................................................................. 32

On the Bridge Level...................................................................................................................................................................32

On the Port Level ....................................................................................................................................................................... 32

User-Changeable STA Parameters............................................................................................................................ 32

Illustration of STA...................................................................................................................................................... 33

ORT TRUNKING

............................................................................................................................................................. 34

VLAN ............................................................................................................................................................................ 35

IEEE 802.1Q VLANs.................................................................................................................................................. 36

VLAN Segmentation..................................................................................................................................................................36

Sharing Resources Across VLANs............................................................................................................................................. 36

VLANs Spanning Multiple Switches ......................................................................................................................................... 37

VLANs Over 802.1Q-compliant Switches

ROADCAST MANAGEMENT

........................................................................................................................................... 38

.........................................................................................................................38

Broadcast Storms....................................................................................................................................................... 39

Port-based Broadcast Packet Filter........................................................................................................................... 39

MAC-based Broadcast Packet Filter..........................................................................................................................39

6 USING THE CONSOLE INTERFACE................................................................................................................. 40

ETTING UP

ONNECTING TO THE SWITCH USING TELNET

ONSOLE USAGE CONVENTIONS

IRST TIME CONNECTING TO THE SWITCH

A C

ONSOLE

................................................................................................................................................ 40

................................................................................................................. 41

.................................................................................................................................... 41

..................................................................................................................... 41

User Accounts Management....................................................................................................................................... 43

Save Changes............................................................................................................................................................. 44

OGIN ON THE SWITCH CONSOLE BY REGISTERED USERS

Create/Modify User Accounts.................................................................................................................................................... 45

View/Delete User Accounts........................................................................................................................................................47

ETTING UP THE SWITCH

............................................................................................................................................... 48

............................................................................................ 45

System Configuration................................................................................................................................................. 48

Configure IP Address................................................................................................................................................................. 49

Configure Console......................................................................................................................................................................51

Configure Switch Stack.............................................................................................................................................................. 52

Information of Individual Switch Unit Advance Settings

Configure Port............................................................................................................................................................................ 55

Configure Trunk.........................................................................................................................................................................57

Configure Port Mirroring ........................................................................................................................................................... 59

Configure Spanning Tree Protocol............................................................................................................................................. 59

STP Parameter Settings STP Custom Settings

Configure Filtering and Forwarding Table................................................................................................................................. 63

Configure Static Forwarding Table Entry Configure MAC Address Filtering Configure Permanent Multicast Filtering Configure IGMP

Configure VLANs & MAC-based Broadcast Domains..............................................................................................................71

Configure MAC-Based Broadcast Domains Configure IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

.................................................................................................................................................................54

.....................................................................................................................................................60

..........................................................................................................................................................62

....................................................................................................................................................................67

.................................................................................................................................53

..........................................................................................................................65

......................................................................................................................................66

...........................................................................................................................67

.....................................................................................................................72

.........................................................................................................................................76

Update Firmware and Configuration Files................................................................................................................ 81

Special Note Concerning Firmware Updates..............................................................................................................................83

System Utilities........................................................................................................................................................... 83

Ping Test.....................................................................................................................................................................................84

Save Settings to TFTP Server..................................................................................................................................................... 84

Save Switch History to TFTP Server..........................................................................................................................................85

Clear Address Table ................................................................................................................................................................... 86

Community Strings and Trap Stations........................................................................................................................86

WITCH MONITORING

..................................................................................................................................................... 88

Network Monitoring................................................................................................................................................... 88

Traffic Statistics.......................................................................................................................................................................... 89

Port Utilization Port Traffic Statistics Port Packet Error Statistics

.......................................................................................................................................................................89

............................................................................................................................................................90

.................................................................................................................................................92

Port Packet Analysis Statistics

Browse Address Table................................................................................................................................................................ 94

Switch History............................................................................................................................................................................ 95

Browse IGMP Status.................................................................................................................................................................. 96

ESETTING THE SWITCH

................................................................................................................................................. 98

...........................................................................................................................................93

Restart System............................................................................................................................................................ 98

Factory Reset..............................................................................................................................................................98

Logout ........................................................................................................................................................................99

7 WEB-BASED NETWORK MANAGEMENT..................................................................................................... 100

NTRODUCTION

ETTING STARTED

ANAGEMENT

............................................................................................................................................................. 100

....................................................................................................................................................... 100

............................................................................................................................................................. 100

Configuration........................................................................................................................................................... 101

IP Address................................................................................................................................................................................101

Switch....................................................................................................................................................................................... 102

Advanced Switch Unit

Port........................................................................................................................... ................................................................ 106

Port Trunk ................................................................................................................................................................................ 107

Port Mirroring ..........................................................................................................................................................................108

Spanning Tree Protocol............................................................................................................................................................109

STP Parameters Setting STP Custom Setting

Forwarding and Filtering.......................................................................................................................................................... 111

Static Forwarding Table MAC Address Filtering Table Permanent Multicast Filtering

IGMP ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................. 117

IGMP Settings

802.1Q IGMP

VLANs & MAC-based Broadcast Domains............................................................................................................................. 120

MAC-Based Broadcast Domains IEEE 802.1Q VLANs

.............................................................................................................................................................................104

..........................................................................................................................................................................105

...................................................................................................................................................109

..........................................................................................................................................................110

....................................................................................................................................................112

............................................................................................................................................114

...........................................................................................................................................116

.....................................................................................................................................................................118

......................................................................................................................................................................119

.....................................................................................................................................121

..........................................................................................................................................................126

Management............................................................................................................................................................. 129

Community Strings and Trap Stations...................................................................................................................................... 130

User Account............................................................................................................................................................................ 131

Console..................................................................................................................................................................................... 133

Monitoring................................................................................................................................................................ 134

Switch Overview...................................................................................................................................................................... 134

Port Utilization.........................................................................................................................................................................135

Port Traffic Statistics................................................................................................................................................................ 136

Port Error Packet Statistics.......................................................................................................................................................137

Port Packet Analysis Statistics..................................................................................................................................................139

Browse Address Table.............................................................................................................................................................. 140

Browse IGMP Status................................................................................................................................................................ 141

Switch History.......................................................................................................................................................................... 142

Maintenance............................................................................................................................................................. 142

Firmware and Configuration Update........................................................................................................................................ 143

Save Settings To TFTP Server..................................................................................................................................................144

Save Switch History To TFTP Server.......................................................................................................................................145

Save Changes............................................................................................................................................................................146

Factory Reset............................................................................................................................................................................ 147

Restart System................................................................................................................. ......................................................... 148

8 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................... 149

9 RJ-45 PIN SPECIFICATION............................................................................................................................... 152

10 SAMPLE CONFIGURATION FILE................................................................................................................ 154

Commands:...............................................................................................................................................................................154

Notes about the Configuration File: ......................................................................................................................................... 154

11 RUNTIME SOFTWARE DEFAULT SETTINGS........................................................................................... 156

12 INDEX.................................................................................................................................................................. 157

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

0 A

This User’s Guide tells yo u how to install your Stackable NWay Etherne t Switch, how to connect it to your Ethernet network, and how to set its configuration using either the built-in console interface or Web-based management (please note that Netscape Communicator/Navigator, 4.x or later, or Microsoft Internet Explorer, 4.x or later, are recommended).

BOUT THIS

UIDE

Conventions

References in this manual to the DES-3624 Series are frequently written simply as “Switch” or “Switches” where the text app lies to all models. Model numbers are no rmally used only to differe ntiate among specific Switches where necessary.

Unless differentiated by model number, all information applies to all models.

Overview of this User’s Guide

Chapter 1,

♦

Chapter 2,

♦

Chapter 3,

♦

modules, and LED indicators of the Switch. Chapter 4,

♦

Chapter 5,

♦

console port and other aspects about how to manage the Switch. Chapter 6,

♦

monitor Switch performance and security. Chapter 7,

♦

browser. Appendix A,

♦

Appendix B,

♦

receptacle/connector. Appendix C,

♦

Appendix D,

♦

Introduction Unpacking and Setup

Identifying External Components

Connecting the Switch

Switch Management Concepts

Using the Console Interface

Web-Based Network Management

Technical Specifications

RJ-45 Pin Specifications

Sample Configuration File

Runtime Software Default Settings.

. Describes the Switch and its features.

. Helps you get started with the basic installation of the Switch.

. Describes the front panel, rear panel, optional plug-in

. Tells how you can connect the Switch to your Ethernet network.

. Talks about Local Console Manageme nt via the RS-232 DCE

. Tells how to use the built-in console interface to change, set, and

. Tells how to manage the Switch through an Internet

. Lists the technical specifications of the Switch.

. Shows the details and pin assignments for the RJ-45

10 About This Guide

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

1 I

This section describes the features of the Switch, as well as giving some background information about Ethernet/Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and switching technology.

NTRODUCTION

Fast Ethernet Technology

The growing importance of LANs and the increasing complexity of desktop computing applications are fueling the need for high performance networks. A number of high-speed LAN technologies are proposed to provide greater bandwidth and improve client/server response times. Am ong them, Fast Ethernet, or 100BASE-T, provides a non-disruptive, smooth evolution from the current 10BASE-T technology. T he dominating market position virtually guarantees cost effective and high performance Fast Ethernet solutions in the years to come.

100Mbps Fast Ethernet is a standard specified by the IEEE 802.3 LAN committee. It is an extension of the 10Mbps Ethernet standard with the ability to transmit and receive data at 100Mbps, while maintaining the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Ethernet protocol.

Gigabit Ethernet Technology

Gigabit Ethernet is an extension of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet utilizing the same packet structure, format, and support for CSMA/CD protocol, full duplex, flow control, and management objects, but with a tenfold increase in theoretical throughput over 100Mbps Fast Ethernet and a one hundred-fold increase over 10Mbps Ethernet. Since it is compatible with all 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet environments, Gigabit Ethernet provides a straightforward upgrade w ithout wasting a company’s e xisting investment in hardware , software, and trained personnel.

The increased speed and extra bandwidth offered by Gigabit Ethernet is essential to coping with the network bottlenecks that frequently develop as computers and their busses get faster and more users use applications that generate more traffic. Upgrading key components, such as your backbone and servers to Gigabit Ethernet can greatly improve network response times as well as significantly speed up the traffic between your subnets.

Gigabit Ethernet enables fast optical fiber connections to support video conferencing, complex imaging, and similar data-intensive ap plications. Likewise, since data tran sfers occur 10 times faster than Fast Ethernet, servers outfitted with Gigabit Ethernet NIC’s are able to perform 10 times the number of operations in the same amount of time.

In addition, the phenomenal bandwidth delivered by Gigabit Ethernet is the most cost-effective method to take advantage of today and tomorrow’s rapidly improving switching and routing internetworking technologies. And with expected advances in the coming years in silicon technology and digital signal processing that will enable Gigabit Ethernet to eventually operate over unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cabling, outfitting your network with a powerful 1000Mbps-capable backbone/server connection creates a flexible foundation for the next generation of network technology products.

Introduction 11

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Switching Technology

Another key development pushing the limits of Ethernet technology is in the field of switching technology. A switch bridges Ethernet packets at the MAC address level of the Ethernet protocol transmitting among connected Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, or Gigabit Ethernet LAN segments.

Switching is a cost-effectiv e way of increasing the total network capacity available to users on a local area network. A switch increases capacity and decreases network loading by making it possible for a local area network to be divided into different capacity, giving a decreased load on each.

The switch acts as a high-speed selective bridge between the individual segments. Traffic that needs to go from one segment to another (from one port to another) is automatically forwarded by the switch, without interfering with any o the r se gm en ts (p o rts) . This allo w s the total n e two rk cap acity to be mu ltiplie d, wh ile still maintaining the same network cabling and adapter cards.

For Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet networks, a switch is an effective way of eliminating problems of chaining hubs beyond the “two-repeater limit.” A switch can be used to s plit parts of the network into different collision domains, for example, making it possible to expand your Fast Ethernet network beyond the 205 meter network diameter limit for 100BASE-TX networks. Switches supporting both traditional 10Mbps Ethernet and 100Mbps Fast Etherne t are also ideal fo r bridging between existing 10Mbp s networ ks and ne w 100Mbps networks.

segments

which don’t compete with each other for network transmission

Switching LAN technology is a marked improvement over the previous generation of network bridges, which were characterized by higher latencies. Routers have also been used to segment local area networks, but the cost of a router and the setup and maintenance required make routers relatively impractical. Today’s switches are an ideal solution to most kinds of local a rea network congestion problems.

Features

The DES-3624 series of Switch es can include one master (DES-3624I, DES-3624iF, or DES-3624iFM) and up to three clients (DES-3624, D ES-3624F, or DES-3624FM). They are designed for easy installation and high performance in an environment where traffic on the network and the number of users increases continuously.

Switch features include:

Ports

20 high performance N Way ports all operating at 10/100 Mbps for conne ction to servers and hubs (19

♦

ports 10/100 fixed Ethernet TP in terface and one MDI-II/MDI-X jack connection are supported) (DES3624I, DES-3624iF, and DES-3624iFM) or 22 high performance NWay ports all operating at 10/100 Mbps for connection to servers and hubs (20 ports 10/100 fixed Ethernet TP interface and two MDI-

/MDI-X jack connections are supported) (DES-3624, DES-3624F, and DES-3624FM).

All ports can be auto-negotiated between 10Mbps/100Mbps, half-or full-duplex connections.

♦

Gigabit uplink/MDI-II (media dependent interface) slide-in module in the rear panel for uplink to

♦

another Switch. One-port or two- port mode ls are available (D ES-3624i, DES-3624iF, and D ES-3624iFM only).

RS-232 DCE console port for diagnosing the Switch via a co nnection to a PC and Console/Out-o f-band

♦

management (DES-3624i, DES-3624iF, or DES-3624iFM only).

12 Introduction

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

One slide-in module in terface in the front panel for 1 or 2 ports 10/100M Eth ernet connection. Three

♦

optional modules are available: 2-port TX, 2-port FX (MT-RJ), and 1-port FX (SC). Stacking Input/Output port slide-in module in the rear panel for stacking to another device to

♦

implement a high-port count, manageable switch. Three-port module for master device and one-port module for a client device.

Performance features

Store and forward switching scheme capability to support rate adaptation and protocol conversion.

♦

Full- and half-duplex for 10Mbps and 100Mbps connections. The optional 1000BASE-SX and

♦

1000BASE-LX modules operate at full-duplex only. The optional 1000BASE-T module, however, can be negotiated to 1000M/half.

Auto polarity detection and correction of incorrect polarity on the receive twisted pair at each port.

♦

Data forwarding rate 14,880 pps per port at 100% of wire-speed for 10Mbps speed.

♦

Data forwarding rate 148,800 pps per port at 100% of wire-speed for 100Mbps speed.

♦

Data forwarding rate 1,488,100 pps per port at 100% of wire-speed for 1000Mbps speed.

♦

Data filtering rate eliminates all error packets, runts, etc. at 14,880 pps per port at 100% of wire-speed

♦

for 10Mbps speed. Data filtering rate eliminates all error packets, runts, etc. at 148,800 pps per port at 100% of wire-speed

♦

for 100Mbps speed. Data filtering rate eliminates all error packets, runts, etc. at 1,488,100 pps per port at 100% of wire-

♦

speed for 1000Mbps speed. 12K active MAC address entry table per device with automatic learning and aging (10 to 9999 seconds).

♦

12 MB packet buffer per device.

♦

Supports Broadcast Storm filtering.

♦

Supports IGMP Multicast snooping.

♦

Management

RS-232 console port for out-of-band network management via a console terminal or PC.

♦

Spanning Tree Algorithm Protocol for creation of alternative backup paths and prevention of indefinite

♦

network loops. Fully configurable either in-band or out-of-band control via SNMP based software.

♦

Flash memory for software upgrade. This can be done in-ban d via BOOTP/TFTP. Out-of-band co nsole

♦

can also initiate a download request. Built-in SNMP management: Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON MIB (RFC 1757), and MIB-II (RFC 1213).

♦

Introduction 13

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

2 U

This chapter provides unpacking and setup information for the Switch.

NPACKING AND

ETUP

Unpacking

Open the shipping carton of the Switch and carefully unpack its contents. The carton should contain the following items:

One Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch

♦

Mounting kit: two mounting brackets and screws

♦

Four rubber feet with adhesive backing

♦

One AC power cord

♦

One RS-232 cable (master only)

♦

This user’s guide on CD-ROM with a Registration Card

♦

If any item is found missing or damaged, please contact your local D-Link reseller for replacement.

Setup

The setup of the Switch can be performed using the following steps :

The surface must support at least 5 kg.

♦

The power outlet should be within 1.82 meters (6 feet) of the device.

♦

Visually inspect the power cord and see that it is secured fully to t he AC power connector.

♦

Make sure that there is proper heat dissipation from and adequate ventilation around the Switch. Do

♦

not place heavy objects on the Switch.

Desktop or Shelf Installation

When installing the Switch on a desktop or shelf, the rubber feet included with the device must be first attached. Attach these cushioning feet on the bottom at each corner of the device. Allow enough ventilation space between the device and t he objects around it.

14 Unpacking and Setup

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Figure 2-1. Switch installed on a Desktop or Shelf

Rack Installation

The Switch can be mounted in an EIA standard size, 19-inch rack, which can be placed in a wiring closet with other equipment. To install, attach the mounting brackets on the switch’s front panel (one on each side) and secure them with the screws provided.

Figure 2-2A. Attaching the mounting brackets to the Switch

Then, use the screws provided with the equipment rack to mount the Switch in the rack.

Figure 2-2B. Installing the Switch in an equipment rack

Unpacking and Setup 15

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Power On

The Switch can be used with AC power sources 100 - 240 VAC, 50 - 60 Hz. The pow er switch is located at the rear of the unit adjacen t to th e AC p o we r co nn ecto r an d th e sy ste m f an. Th e Sw itch’s p o we r sup ply w ill adj ust to the local powe r source auto matically and may be turned on without h aving any o r all LAN segment cables connected.

After the power switch is turned on, the LED indicators should res pond as follows:

All LED indicators will momentarily blink. This blinking of the LED ind icators rep resents a re set of the

♦

system. The power LED indicator will blink while th e Switch loads onboard software and performs a self-test.

♦

After approximately 40 seconds, the LED will light continuously to indicate the Switch is in a ready state.

The console LED indicator will re main ON if there is a connection at the RS-232 port, otherwise th is

♦

LED indicator is OFF. The 100M LED indicator may remain ON or OFF depending on the transmission speed.

♦

Power Failure

As a precaution, the Switch sh ould be unplugg ed in case of pow er failure. When power is resumed, plug the Switch back in.

16 Unpacking and Setup

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

3 I

This chapter describes the front panel, rear panel, optional plug-in modules, and LED indicators of the Switch

DENTIFYING EXTERNAL

OMPONENTS

Front Panel

The front panel of the Switch consists of either 22 o r 20 (10/100 Mbps) Ethernet/Fast Ethernet po rts, two or one uplink jacks, a slide-in mo dule slo t for 10/100 Mbps Ethe rnet po rts, an RS-232 communicatio n p ort ( DES3624i, DES-3624iF, and DES-3624iFM only), and LED indicators.

Figure 3-1. Front panel view of the Switches

Comprehensive LED indicators display the conditions of the Switch and status of the network. A

♦

description of these LED indicators follows (see An RS-232 DCE console port is used to diagnose the Switch v ia a conne ction to a PC and Local Console

♦

Management (DES-3624i, DES-3624iF, and DES-3624iFM only). Twenty or 22 high pe rformance NWay ports all operate at 10/100 Mbps for connection to serv ers and

♦

hubs. All ports can be auto-negotiated between 10Mbps or 100Mbps. A slide-in module slot (labele d Slot1) for 10/100 Mbps Ethernet ports can accommodate the follow ing

♦

modules: 2-port TX, 2-port FX (MT-RJ), or 1-port FX (SC). One or two MDI-II uplink jacks are supporte d. Port nu mbers 1 and 2 on th e DES- 3624, DES-3624F, an d

♦

DES-3624FM are equipped with MDI-X jacks for normal end-node connections and MDI-II jacks for uplink connections. Port number 1 on the DES-3624i, DES-3624iF, and DES-3624iFM are equipped with an MDI-X jack for normal end-node connection and an MDI-II jack for uplink connection.

Identifying External Components 17

LED Indicators

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Rear Panel

The rear panel of the DES-3624, DES-3624F, an d DES-3624FM co nsist of a slot (labe led Slo t2) for a Stacking input/output port and an AC power connector. The rear panel of the DES-3624i, DES-3624iF, and DES3624iFM consist of two slots (labele d Slot2 and Slo t3). Slot2 is for Stackin g inpu t/output ports Sio 1, Sio2, and Sio3. Slot3 is for an optional Gigabit Ethernet uplink (MDI-II) port. The following shows the rear panel of the Switches.

Figure 3-2. Rear panel view of the Switches

The optional Gigabit Ethern et slide-in module is an uplink/MDI-II (media dependent interface) port for

♦

uplink to another Switch (DES-3624i, DES-3624iF, and DES-3624iFM o nly). Two mode ls are available, one-port and two-port.

The Stacking input/output port slide-in module in the rear panel is for stacking to another device to

♦

implement a high-port count, manageable Switch. The three-port module is for a master device and a one-port module is for a client device.

The AC power connector is a three-pronged connector that supports the power cord. Plug in the female

♦

connector of the provided power cord into this connector, and the male into a power outlet. Supported input voltages range from 100 ~ 240 VAC at 50 ~ 60 Hz.

Side Panels

The right side panel of the Switch contains two system fans (see the bottom part of the diagram below). The left side panel contains heat vents.

18 Identifying External Components

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Figure 3-3. Side panel views of the Switch

The system fans are used to dissipate heat. The sides of the system also provide heat vents to serve the

♦

same purpose. Do not block these openings, and leave adequate space at the rear and sides of the Switch for proper ventilation. Be reminded that without proper heat dissipation and air circulation, system components might overheat, which could lead to system failure.

Stack Operation

The DES-3624i, DES-3624iF, and DES-3624iFM are all intelligent Switche s capable of acting as a master for up to three slave Switches (DES-3624, DES-3624F, or DES-3624FM). Each port is referred to by unit ID and port number in your DES-3624 Series stack.

To set up a stack, a one-port Stacking input/output module is needed for each client Switch and a threeport Stacking input/output module is needed for the master Switch. Once the modules have been installed, use a cascade cable to connect each client Switch to the master Switch.

Figure 3-4. Switch stack with one master and three slaves

Please note that two client switches can also be connected via the Stacking input/output ports. The following diagram displays some possible switch stack connections:

Identifying External Components 19

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Figure 3-5. Switch stack with example of possible connections

Optional Plug-in Modules

The DES-3624i/DES-3624iF/DES-3624iFM Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch is able to acco mmodate a range of plug-in modules in order to increase functionality and performance.

20 Identifying External Components

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

100BASE-FX (MT-RJ) Module

Figure 3-6. Two-port, 100BASE-FX (MT-RJ) module

Two-port, front-panel module.

♦

Connects to 100BASE-FX devices at full- or half-duplex.

♦

Supports multi-mode fiber-op tic cable conn ections o f up to 412 meters in h alf-dup lex or 2 km in full-d uplex

♦

mode.

100BASE-FX (SC) Module

Figure 3-7. One-port, 100BASE-FX (SC) module

One-port, front panel module.

♦

Connects to a 100BASE-FX device at full- or half-duplex.

♦

Supports multi-mode fiber-op tic cable conn ections o f up to 412 meters in h alf-dup lex or 2 km in full-d uplex

♦

mode.

Identifying External Components 21

100BASE-TX Module

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Figure 3-8. Two-port, 100BASE-TX module

Two-port, front-panel module.

♦

Connects to 100BASE-TX devices at full- or half-duplex.

♦

Supports Category 5 UTP or STP cable connections of up to 100 meters.

♦

1000BASE-SX Gigabit Module

Figure 3-9. One-port, 1000BASE-SX gigabit module

One- or two-port, rear-panel module.

♦

Connects to 1000BASE-SX devices at full duplex.

♦

Allows connections using multi-mode fiber optic cable in the following configurations:

♦

22 Identifying External Components

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Modal bandwidth

(min. overfilled launch)

Unit: MHz*km

Operating distance

Unit: meters

Channel insertion loss

Unit: dB

1000BASE-LX Gigabit Module

µµµµ

62.5

m 62.5

160 200 400 500

220 275 500 550

2.33 2.53 3.25 3.43

µµµµ

m 50

µµµµ

m 50

µµµµ

Figure 3-10. One-port, 1000BASE-LX gigabit module

One- or two-port, rear-panel module.

♦

Connects to a 1000BASE-LX device at full duplex.

♦

Allows connections up to 5 km in length using single-mode fiber optic cable.

♦

1000BASE-T Copper Gigabit Module

Figure 3-11. One-port, 1000BASE-T gigabit module

One- or two-port, rear-panel module.

♦

Connects to 1000BASE-T devices at 1000M/full duplex, 100M/full duplex, 100M/half duplex, and Auto.

♦

Supports Category 5+ or higher cable connections of up to 100 meters.

♦

Identifying External Components 23

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

LED Indicators

The LED indicators of the Switch include Power, Console, Slot, Giga, Speed, and Link/Act. The following shows the LED indicators for the Switch along with an explanation of each indicator.

Figure 3-12. The Switch LED indicators

♦ Power

the ready state of the Switch when the device is pow ered on. The LED will blink when the Power-On Self-Test (POST) is running or if the system’s configuration has changed. This LED will light orange when an error occurs.

♦ Console

management through the RS-232 console port using a straight-through serial cable. When a secured connection is established, this LED is lit. The indicator blinks when the console RS-232 is accessed.

♦ Slot2 ♦ Slot3 ♦ Giga1

active.

♦ Giga2

active.

♦ Sio1 ♦ Sio2 ♦ Sio3

This indicator on the front panel should light green after approximately 2 seconds to indicate

This indicator is lit green when the switch is being managed via out-of-band/local console

This indicator is lit green when a slide-in module is present in the rear panel of the Switch. This indicator is lit green when a slide-in module is present in the rear panel of the Switch.

This indicator is lit green w hen a link is established. It blinks green w hen the Gigabit p ort is

This indicator is lit green when a Stacking IO port is present in the rear panel of the Switch. This indicator is lit green when a Stacking IO port is present in the rear panel of the Switch.

This indicator is lit green when a Stacking IO port is present in the rear panel of the Switch.

24 Identifying External Components

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

♦ 100M

These indicators are illuminated gree n when a 100 Mbps device is connected to an y of the 22+2 or 20+2 ports or uplink port. If a 10 Mbps d ev ice is con ne cte d to any o f th e 24 p orts o r u plin k po rt, th ese LEDs remain dark. When a port is active, these indicators will blink green.

♦ Link/Act

These indicators are lit when there is a secure connection (or link) to a device at any of the ports. The LEDs blink whenever there is reception or transmission (i.e. Activity--Act) of data occurring at a port.

Identifying External Components 25

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

4 C

This chapter describes how to connect the Switch to your Ethernet network.

ONNECTING THE SWITCH

Switch to End Node

End nodes include PCs outfitted with a 10, 100 or 10/100 Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet/Fast Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and most routers. The RJ-45 UTP ports on NICs and most routers are MDI-II. When using a normal straight-through cable, an MDI-II port must connect to an MDI-X port.

An end node can be co nn e cted to th e Switch via a tw o -p air Categ o ry 3, 4, 5 U TP/STP straigh t cable ( be su re to use Category 5 UTP or STP cabling for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet connections). The end node should be connected to any of the twenty-two ports (1x - 22x) of the Switch or to either of the two 100BASE-TX ports on the front-panel module that came preinstalled on the Switch. An end node should not be connected to an Uplink port (unless using a crossover cable), and if the top Up link port is in use, Port 1x must remain v acant; if the bottom Uplink port is in use, Port 2x cannot be used.

Figure 4-1. Switch connected to an End Node

The LED indicators for the port the e nd no de is co nnecte d to are lit according to the cap abilities of the NI C. If LED indicators are not illuminated af ter making a proper connection, check th e PC’s LAN card, the cable, switch conditions, and connections.

The following LED indicator states are possible for an end node to switch connection:

The 100M LED indicator comes ON for a 100 Mbps and stays

The Link/Act LED indicator lights up upon hooking up a PC that is powered on.

for 10 Mbps.

OFF

Switch to Hub or Switch

These connections can be accomplished in a number of ways. The most important consideration is that when using a normal, straight-through cable, the connection should be made between a normal crossed port (Port 1x, 2x, etc.) and an Uplink (MDI -II) port. If you are using a crossover cable, the connection must be made from Uplink to Uplink, or from a crossed port to another crossed port.

26 Connecting The Switch

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

A 10BASE-T hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a two-pair Catego ry 3, 4 or 5 UTP/STP

♦

straight cable. A 100BASE-TX hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a four-pair Category 5 UTP/STP

♦

straight cable.

If the other switch or hub contains an unused Uplink port, we suggest connecting the other device’s Uplink (MDI-II) port to any of the switch’s (MDI-X) ports (1x - 22x, or one of the 100BASE-TX module ports) using a normal straight-through cable, as shown below.

If the other device does not have an unused Uplink port, make the connection with a normal straight-through cable from one of the Uplink ports on the switch to any normal crossed port on the hub. Alternatively, if you have a crossover cable you can save the Uplink ports for other connections and make this one from a crossed port to another crossed port.

Figure 4-2. Switch connected to a normal (non-Uplink) port on a hub or switch using a s traight or cr ossover

cable

10BASE-T Device

For a 10BASE-T device, the Switch’s LED indicators should display the following:

100M LED speed indicator is

♦

Link/Act indicator is ON.

♦

OFF.

100BASE-TX Device

For a 100BASE-TX device, the Switch’s LED indicators should display the following:

100M LED speed indicator is

♦

Link/Act is ON.

♦

ON.

Connecting The Switch 27

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

5 S

This chapter discusses many of the features used to manage the switch, and explains many concepts and important points regarding these features. Configuring the Switch to implement these concepts is discussed in detail in the next chapters.

WITCH

ANAGEMENT

ONCEPTS

Local Console Management

Local console management involves the administration of the Switch via a direct connection to the RS-232 DCE console port. This is an Out-Of-Band connection, meaning that it is on a different circuit than normal network communications, and thus works even when the network is down.

The local console management connection involves a terminal or PC running terminal emulation software to operate the Switch’s built-in console program (see Chapter 6, program, a network administrator can manage, control and monitor the many functions of the Switch.

Hardware components in the Switch allow it to be an active part of a manageable network. These components include a CPU, memory for data storage, other related hardware, and SNMP agent firmware. Activities on the Switch can be monitored with these components, while the Switch can be manipulated to carry out specific tasks.

“Using the Console Interface”

). Using the console

Diagnostic (Console) Port (RS-232 DCE)

Out-of-band management requires connecting a terminal, such as a VT-100 or a PC running terminal emulation program (such as HyperTerminal, which is automatically installed with Micro soft Windows) a to the RS-232 DCE console port of the Switch. Switch manage ment using the RS-232 DCE co nsole port is called

Local Console Management

View, HP OpenView, etc. The console port is set for the following configuration:

Baud rate: 9,600

◊

Data width: 8 bits

◊

Parity: none

◊

Stop bits: 1

◊

Flow Control none

◊

Make sure the terminal or PC you are using to make this connection is configured to match these settings. If you are having problems making this connection on a PC, make su re the emulation is set to VT-100 o r

ANSI. If you still don’t see anything, try hitting <Ctrl> + r to refresh the screen.

to differentiate it from management done via management platforms, such as D-

28 Switch Management Concepts

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

IP Addresses and SNMP Community Names

Each Switch has its own IP Address, which is used for communication with an SNMP network manager or other TCP/IP application ( for exam ple BO OTP, TFTP). Yo u can c hang e the def ault Switch IP Addr ess to m eet the specification of your networking address scheme.

In addition, you can also set an IP Add ress for a gateway r outer. This becomes n ecessary when the network management station is located on a different IP network as the Switch, making it necessary for management packets to go through a router to reach the network manager, and vice-versa.

For security, you can set in the Switch a list of IP Addresses of the network managers that you allow to manage the Switch . You can also ch ange the d efault Comm unity Name in the Switch an d set access ri ghts of these Community Names.

Traps

Traps are messages that alert you of events that occur on the Switch. The events can be as serious as a reboot (someone accidentally turned traps and sends them to the n etwork manager (trap man agers). The following lists the types of events that can take place on the Switch.

the Switch), or less serious like a port status change. The Switch generates

OFF

System resets

◊

Errors

◊

Status changes

◊

Topology changes

◊

Operation

◊

You can also specify which network managers may receive traps from the Switch by setting a list of IP Addresses of the authorized network managers.

Trap managers are special users of the network who are given certain rights and access in overseeing the maintenance of the ne twork. Trap managers will receiv e traps sent from the Switch ; they must immediate ly take certain actions to avoid future failure or breakdown of the network.

The following are trap types a trap manager will receive:

♦ Cold Start

settings are reconfigured and hardware systems are rebooted. A cold start is different from a factory reset.

♦ Warm Start

(POST) is skipped.

This trap signifies that the Switch has been powe red up and in itialized such that sof tware

This trap signifies that the Switch has been rebooted, however the Power-On Self-Test

♦ Authentication Failure

invalid SNMP community name. The switch automatically stores the source IP address of the unauthorized user.

♦ New Root

is sent by a bridge soon after its election as the new root. This implies that upon expiration of the

Switch Management Concepts 29

This trap indicates that the Switch has become the new root of the Spanning Tree, the trap

This trap signifies that someone h as tried to logon to the switch using an

Stackable NWay Ethernet Switch User’s Guide

Topology Change Timer th e new root trap is sent out immediately after the Switch’s se lection as a new root.

♦ Topology Change

transitions from the Learning state to the Forwarding state, or from the Forwarding state to the Blocking state. The trap is not sent if a new root trap is sent for the same transition.

♦ Link Change Event

from link down to link up.

♦ Port Partition

collisions on the port (i.e ., is automatically p artitione d). The numbe r of co llisions th at trig gers this trap is the same at either 10Mbps or 100Mbps.

♦ Broadcast Storm

threshold.

A Topology Change trap is sent by the Switch when any of its configured ports

This trap is s ent whenever the link of a port changes from link up to link down or

This trap is sent whenever a port is partitioned as a result o f more than sixty-two

This trap is sent whenev er the port reaches the broadcast storm rising or falling

MIBs

Management information and counters are stored in the Switch in the Management Information Base (MIB). The Switch uses the standard MIB-II Management Information Base module. Consequently, values for MIB objects can be retrieved from any SNMP-based network manager software. In addition to the standard MIBII, the Switch also supports its own proprietary enterprise MIB as an extended Management Information Base. These MIBs may also be retrieved by specifying the MIB’s Object-Identity (OID) at the network manager. MIB values can be either read-only or read-write.

Read-only MIBs variables can be either constants that are programmed into the Switch, or variables that change while the Switch is in operation. Examples of read-only constants are the number of ports and types of ports. Examples of read-only variables are the statistics counters such as the number of errors that have occurred, or how many kilobytes of data have been received and forwarded through a port.

Read-write MIBs are variables usually related to user-customized configurations. Examples of these are the Switch’s IP Address, Spanning Tree Algorithm parameters, and port status.

If you use a third-party vendors’ SNMP software to manage the Switch, a diskette listing the Switch’s propriety enterprise MIBs can be obtained by request. If your software provides functions to browse or modify MIBs, you can also get the MIB values and change them (if the MIBs’ attributes permit the write operation). This process however can be quite involved, since you must know the MIB OIDs and retrieve t hem one by one.

Packet Forwarding

The Switch learns the network configur ation and uses this information to f orward packets. This reduces the traffic congestion on the network, because packets, instead of being transmitted to all segments, are transmitted to the destinatio n only . Example: if Port 1 rece ives a p acket d estined fo r a station on Port 2, th e Switch transmits that packet through Port 2 only, and transmits nothing through the other ports.

Aging Time

The Aging Time is a parameter that affects the auto-learn process of the Switch in terms of the network configuration. Dynamic Entries, which make up the auto-learned-node address, are aged out of the address table according to the Aging Time that you set.

30 Switch Management Concepts

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