Citizen SRP-280N User Manual [ru]

SRP-280N/SRP-285N

SR285,A COVER front	2010/04/26		140X75mm

HDBSR285T19 (SR285,A)

General Guide .................................................										3
	Turning On And Off	.........................................								3
	Battery Replacement		......................................							3
	Auto Power-Off Function				................................					3
	Reset Operation..............................................									3
	Contrast Adjustment.......................................									4
	Display Readout .............................................									4
Before starting calculation			.............................							5
	Changing a mode ...........................................									5
	Selecting an item from display menus									...........5
	Using " 2nd " Keys	.........................................								5
	Cursor .............................................................									5
	Making corrections during input							....................		6
	Replay function ..............................................									6
	Error Position Display Function.....................									6
	Memory Calculation........................................									6
	Order Of Operations .......................................									7
	Accuracy And Capacity ..................................									8
	Error Conditions ...........................................									10
Mode 0 - MAIN ...............................................										11
	Arithmetic Calculations................................									11
	Display formats.............................................									11
	Parentheses Calculation				..............................					11
	Percentage Calculation ................................									12
	Continuous calculation function							..................		12
	Answer Function ..........................................									12
	Logarithm And Antilogarithm						.......................			12
	Fraction Calculation .....................................									12
	Angle Unit Conversion			.................................						13
	Trigonometric / Inverse-Tri. Functions.........									14
	Hyperbolic / Inverse-Hyp. Functions............									14
	Coordinates Transformation ........................									14
	Probability ....................................................									14
	Other Functions ( x	–1	,	√	,	X	, x	2	, ^ )	15

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	Unit Conversions ..........................................	15
	Physical Constants.......................................	15
Mode 1 - STAT................................................		16
	Single-Variable / Two-Variable Statistics .....	16
	Process capability ........................................	17
	Probability distribution ................................	17
	Linear regression .........................................	18
	Correcting data .............................................	18
Mode 2 - Base-n.............................................		19
	Bases conversions .......................................	19
	Negative expression.....................................	19
	Basic arithmetic operations for bases.........	20
	Logical operation .........................................	20
Mode 3 - CPLX ...............................................		20
Mode 4 - VLE .................................................		20
Mode 5 - QE ...................................................		20

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General Guide

Turning On And Off

To turn the calculator on, press [ ON ] ; To turn the calculator off, press [ 2nd ] [ OFF ].

Battery Replacement

SRP-280N is powered by one alkaline battery (G13/LR44). SRP-285N is dual power system which is powered by one alkaline battery (G13/LR44) and a solar cell. If the display becomes dim and difficult to read (especially when lighting is dim for SRP-285N), the battery should be replaced as soon as possible.

To replace battery :

1)Remove the screw and the battery compartment cover.

2)Remove the old battery and insert a new one with polarity in correct directions, then replace the cover.

3)After changing battery, please use a pointed object to press the reset hole in the rating label area located at the rear of this unit.

Auto Power-Off Function

This calculator automatically turns it off when not operated for approximately 6~12 minutes. It can be reactivated by pressing [ ON ] key and the display, memory, settings are retained.

Reset Operation

If the calculator is on but you get unexpected results, press [ 2nd ] [ RESET ] in sequence. A message appears on the display to confirm whether you want to reset the calculator and clear memory contents.

RESET : N Y
Move the cursor to " Y " by [ ], then press [	] to clear all

variables, programs, pending operations, statistical data, answers, all previous entries, and memory; To abort the reset operation without clearing the calculator, please choose " N " .

If the calculator is lock and further key operations becomes impossible, please use a pointed object to press the reset hole to release the condition. It will return all settings to default settings.

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Contrast Adjustment

Pressing the [ ] or [ ] following [ MODE ] key can make the contrast of the screen lighter or darker. Holding either key down will make the display become respectively lighter or darker.

Display Readout

The display comprises the entry line, the result line, and indicators.

Indicator				MA IN D EG	Indicator
				74 – 8 / 7
Entry line
				72.85714286	Result line
Entry line		The calculator displays an entry of up to 76 digits.
		Entries begin on the left ; those with more than 11
		digits scroll to the left. Press [			] and [	] to move the
		cursor through an entry. Press [ 2nd ] [				] or [ 2nd ]
		[	] to move the cursor immediately to the beginning
		or end of the entry.
Result line		It displays a result of up to 10 digits, as well as a
		decimal, a negative sign, a " x10 " indicator, and a
		2-digits positive or negative exponent. Results that
		exceed the digit limit are displayed in scientific
		notation.
Indicators		The following indicators appear on the display to
		indicate you the current status of the calculator.
Indicator				Meaning
M	Independent memory

–Result is negative

2nd 2nd set of function keys is active. MODE Mode selection is active

MAIN Main mode is active STAT Statistics mode is active Base-n Base-n mode is active

VLE Variable linear equation mode is active QE Quadratic equation mode is active CPLX Complex number mode is active

DEGRAD Angle mode : DEGrees, GRADs, or RADs ENGSCI ENGineering or SCIentific notation

TAB Number of decimal places displayed is fixed HYP Hyperbolic-trig function will be calculated BUSY While an operation is executing

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There are digits to the left or right of the display There are earlier or later results that can be displayed

Before starting calculation

Changing a mode

Pressing [ MODE ] can enter mode menus. You can choose one of six operating modes, including " 0) MAIN ", " 1)STAT ", " 2)Base-n ", " 3)CPLX ", " 4)VLE ", " 5)QE ".

Give " 2)Base-n " as an example :
Method 1 : Scroll through the menus using [		] or [	] until "
2)Base-n " is shown, then enter the desired mode by
pressing [	].

Method 2 : Key in directly the number of the mode, [ 2 ] , to enter the desired mode immediately.

Selecting an item from display menus

Many functions and settings are available on menus. A menu is a list of options displayed across the entry line.

Give " Pressing [ DRG ] key displays the menu for choosing the angle setting under MAIN mode " as an example :

Method : Press [ DRG ] to display the menu, and then move the cursor [ ] or [ ] to an item you want. Press [ ] while the item is underlined.

For menu items		followed by an argument value, you can press
[	] while	the item is underlined or enter directly the

corresponding argument value.

Using " 2nd " Keys

When you press [ 2nd ], the " 2nd " indicator shown in the display is to tell you that you will be selecting the second function of the next key you press. If you press [ 2nd ] by mistake, simply press [ 2nd ] again to remove the " 2nd " indicator.

Cursor

Pressing [	] or [	] key can move the cursor to the left or the right.
Hold down any of those keys to move the cursor at high speed.
Pressing [	] or [	] can scroll the display up or down while there

are previous entries hidden the display. You can reuse or edit a previous entry when it is on the entry line.

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Making corrections during input

To delete a character at the cursor, make the character underlined by using [ ] or [ ] to move the cursor, and then press [ DEL ] to delete the character.

To replace a character, make the character underlined by using [ ] or [ ] to move the cursor, and then enter a new entry to replace the character.

To insert a character, move the cursor to the position of the character where you want to insert, it will be inserted in the front of the character after pressing [ 2nd ] [ INS ] and entering a new character.

(Note) : The blinking cursor " " means the calculator is in insert mode. On the contrary, the blinking cursor is displayed as " _ " and it means the calculator is in overwrite mode.

To clear all characters, clear all input character by [ CL ] key.

Replay function

z This function stores the latest operation executed. After execution is complete, pressing [ ] or [ ] key will display the operation from the beginning or the end. You can continue moving the cursor by [ ] or [ ] to edit it. To delete a digit, press [ DEL ]. ( or, in overwrite mode, just type over the digit). See Example 1.

z The replay function can keep input digits up to 254 characters. After execution is complete or during entering, you can press

either [

] or [

] to display previous input steps and edit values

or commands for subsequent execution. See Example 2.

(Note) : The replay function isn't cleared even when [ CL ] is pressed or power is turned off, so contents can be recalled even after [ CL ] is pressed. However, replay function is cleared when mode or operation is switched.

Error Position Display Function

zWhen a mathematically illegal calculation is performed, error position display function will tell you with the cursor where the

error is. Press [ ] or [ ] to move the cursor and then give it a correct entry. You can also clear an error by pressing [ CL ] and then re-entered the values and expression from the beginning. See Example 3.

Memory Calculation

zPress [ M+ ] to add a result to running memory. Press [ 2nd ] [ M– ] to subtract the value from running memory. To recall the value in running memory, press [ MRC ]. To clear running memory, press [ MRC ] twice. See Example 4.

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zThe calculator has ten memory variables for repeated use : A, B, C, X, Y, M, X1, X2, PROG1 and PROG2. You can store a real number in variables A, B, C, X, Y, M, X1, X2 and an expression in PROG1 and PROG2. See Example 5.

*[ P/V RCL ] recalls all variables.

*[ SAVE ] lets you store values to variables.

*[ 2nd ] [ RECALL ] recalls the value of variable.

*[ 2nd ] [ CL-VAR ] clears all variables except PROG1, PROG2.

*[ 2nd ] [ CL-PROG ] clears the contents of PROG1, PROG2.

(Note) : Besides pressing [ SAVE ] key to store a value, you can also assign values to memory variable M by [ M+ ] or [ 2nd ] [ M– ]. However, anything currently stored in variable M will be deleted and replaced by the newly assigned value.

Order Of Operations

Each calculation is performed in the following order of precedence :

1)Expression inside parentheses.

2)Coordinates transformation, and Type B functions which are

required pressing the function key before entering, for example, sin, cos, tan, sin –1, cos –1, tan –1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh –1, cosh –1, tanh –1, log, ln, 10 X, e X, √, NEG, NOT, X'( ), Y'( )

3)Type A functions which are required entering values before pressing the function key, for example, x 2, , ! , x –1, %, r, g.

4)Exponentiation ( ^ ), X

5)Fractions

6)Abbreviated multiplication format in front of variables, π, RANDM, RANDMI.

7)( – )

8)Abbreviated multiplication format in the front of Type B functions, 2 3 , Alog2, etc.

9)nPr, nCr

10)x ,

11)+, –

12)AND, NAND

13)OR, XOR, XNOR

14)Conversion( a b/cd/e, FD, DMS )

•When functions with the same priority are used in series, execution is performed from right to left.

e X ln120 Æ e X { ln (120 ) } otherwise, execution is from left to right.

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•Compound functions are executed from right to left.

•Anything contained within parentheses receives the highest priority.

Accuracy And Capacity

Output digits : Up to 10 digits Calculating digits : Up to 24 digits

In general, every reasonable calculation is displayed up to 10 digits mantissa, or 10-digits mantissa plus 2-digits exponent up to 10 ± 99.

Numbers used as input must be within the range of the given function as follow :

Functions

Input range

sin x

Deg :

x

< 4.5 x 10 10 deg

cos x

Rad :

x

< 2.5 x 10 8πrad

tan x

Grad :

x

< 5 x 10 10 grad

however, for tan x

Deg :

x

≠ 90 (2n+1)

Rad :

x

≠

π

(2n+1)

x

2

Grad :

≠ 100 (2n+1), (n is an integer)

sin –1 x, cos –1 x

x

≤ 1

tan –1 x

x

< 1 x 10 100

sinh x, cosh x

x

≤ 230.2585092

tanh x

x

< 1 x 10 100

sinh –1 x

x

< 5 x 10 99

cosh –1 x

1 ≤ x < 5 x 10 99

tanh –1 x

x

< 1

log x, ln x

1 x 10 –99 ≤ x < 1 x 10 100

10 x

–1 x 10 100 < x < 100

e x

–1 x 10 100 < x ≤ 230.2585092

x

0 ≤ x < 1 x 10 100

x 2

x

< 1 x 10 50

x -1

x

< 1 x 10 100, x ≠ 0

x ! 0 ≤ x ≤ 69, x is an integer.

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P (x, y)

x 2

+ y 2 < 1 x 10 100

R (r, θ)

0 ≤ r < 1 x 10 100

Deg │θ│< 4.5 x 10 10 deg

Rad │θ│< 2.5 x 10 8πrad

Grad │θ│< 5 x 10 10 grad

however, for tanθ

Deg │θ│≠90 (2n+1)

Rad │θ│≠ π

(2n+1)

2

Grad │θ│≠100 (2n+1), (n is an integer)

DMS

│DD│, MM, SS.SS

100

1 x 10 ,

0 ≤ MM, SS.SS

x

< 10 100

x y

x > 0 : –1 x 10 100 < y log x < 100

x = 0 : y > 0

x < 0 : y = n, 1/(2n+1), n is an integer.

but –1 x 10100 < y log x < 100

x y

y >

0 : x ≠ 0, –1 x 10 100 <

1

log y < 100

x

y = 0 : x > 0

y < 0 : x = 2n+1, 1/n, n is an integer. (n≠0)

but –1 x 10 100 <

1

log y < 100

x

nPr, nCr

0 ≤ r ≤ n, n ≤ 10 100, n,r are integers.

STAT

x

< 1 x 10 100 ,

y

< 1 x 10 100

1–VAR : n ≤ 40, 2–VAR : n ≤ 40

FREQ. = n, 0 ≤ n < 10 100 : n is an integer in

1–VAR mode.

σx,σy,

, y ,a, b, r : n≠0 ;

x

Sx, Sy n, n≠0, 1

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Base–n	DEC :
	– 2147483648 ≤ x ≤ 2147483647
	BIN :
	10000000000000000000000000000000 ≤ x ≤
	11111111111111111111111111111111 (for negative)
	0 ≤ x ≤ 01111111111111111111111111111111
	(for zero, positive)
	OCT :
	20000000000 ≤ x ≤ 37777777777(for negative)
	0 ≤ x ≤ 17777777777 (for zero or positive)
	HEX :
	80000000 ≤ x ≤ FFFFFFFF (for negative)
	0 ≤ x ≤ 7FFFFFFF ( for zero or positive)

Error Conditions

Error message will appear on the display and further calculation becomes impossible when any of the following conditions occur.

DOMAIN Er (1) When specifying an argument to a function outside the valid range.

(2)FREQ value (in 1–VAR stats) < 0 or non-integer.

(3)When USL value < LSL value

DIVIDE BY 0 You attempted to divide by 0.

OVERFLOW Er When result of function calculations exceeds the range specified.

STAT Er When in MAIN, CPLX, VLE, or QE mode, press [ DATA ] or [ STATVAR ].

SYNTAX Er (1) Input errors are made.

(2)When improper arguments are used in commands or functions that require arguments.

NO SOL There is no solution or infinite to the MULTI SOLS simultaneous equation under VLE mode.

NO REAL SOL There is no real solution to quadratic equation under QE mode.

LENGTH Er An entry exceeds 84 digits after implied multiplication with auto-correction.

OUT OF SPEC You input a negative CPU or CPL value, where

CPU =	USL –	X	, CPL =	X	– LSL
	3σ				3σ

To release the above errors, please press [ CL ] key.

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Mode 0 - MAIN

Arithmetic Calculations

zArithmetic operations are performed by pressing the keys in the same sequence as in the expression. See Example 6.

zFor negative values, press [ (−) ] before entering the value. See Example 7.

zFor mixed arithmetic operations, multiplication and division are given priority over addition and subtraction. See Example 8.

zResults greater than 10 10 or less than 10 -9 are displayed in exponential form. See Example 9.

Display formats

zDecimal places formats are selected by pressing [ 2nd ] [ TAB ] to display the menu. To set decimal places to n ( F0123456789 ),

enter a n value directly or press [ ] key while the item is underlined. (The default setting is floating point notation F and the n value is • ). See Example 10.

zEven if the number of decimal places is specified, internal calculation for a mantissa is performed up to 24 digits, and the display value is stored in 10 digits. To round off those values to the specified number of decimal places, press [ 2nd ] [ RND ]. See Example 11~12.

z Number display formats are selected by pressing [ 2nd ] [ SCI/ENG ] to display the menu. The items on the menu are FLO (for floating point), SCI ( for scientific), and ENG (for engineering).

Press [	] or [	]	until the desired formats is underlined, and
then press [		].	See Example 13.

(Note) : The engineering format is similar to the scientific format, except the mantissa can have up to three digits left of the decimal, instead of only one, and the exponent is always a multiple of three. It is useful for engineers to convert units based on multiples of 10 3.

zYou can enter a number in mantissa and exponent form by [ EXP ] key. See Example 14.

Parentheses Calculation

zOperations inside parentheses are always executed first. The calculator can use up to 13 levels of consecutive parentheses in a single calculation. See Example 15.

zClosed parentheses occurring immediately before operation of the

[ ] key may be omitted, no matter how many are required. See Example 16.

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zA multiplication sign " x " occurring immediately before an open parenthesis can omitted. See Example 17.

(Note) : The calculator can auto-correct abbreviated multiplication in front of all functions, except memory variables, left parenthesis, type B functions.

zHenceforth, abbreviated type will not be used in this manual. See Example 18.

zThe correct result cannot be derived by entering [ ( ] 2 [ + ] 3 [ ) ] [ EXP ] 2. Be sure to enter [ x ] 1 between the [ ) ] and [ EXP ] in the below example. See Example 19.

Percentage Calculation

z [ 2nd ] [ % ] divides the number in the display by 100. You can use this key sequence to calculate percentages, add-ons, discounts, and percentages ratios. See Example 20~21.

Continuous calculation function

z The calculator enables you to repeat the last operation executed

by pressing [	] key for further calculation.	See Example
22.
z Even if calculations	are concluded with the [	] key, the

result obtained can be used for further calculation. See Example 23.

Answer Function

zAnswer function stores the most recently calculated result. It is retained even after the power is turned off. Once a numeric value

or numeric expression is entered and [ ] is pressed, the result is stored by this function. See Example 24.

(Note) : Even if execution of a calculation results in an error, however, Answer memory retains its current value.

Logarithm And Antilogarithm

z The calculator can calculate common and natural logarithms and anti-logarithms using [ log ], [ ln ], [ 2nd ] [ 10 x ], and [ 2nd ]

[ e x ]. See Example 25~27.

Fraction Calculation

Fraction value display is as follow :

5 / 12	Display of	5
	12
			5
56 5 /12	Display of 56
	12
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zTo enter a mixed number, enter the integer part, press [ a b/c ], enter the numerator, press [ a b/c ], and enter the denominator ; To enter an improper fraction, enter the numerator, press [ a b/c ], and enter the denominator. See Example 28.

zDuring a fraction calculation, if the figure is reducible, a figure is reduced to the lowest terms after pressing a function command

key ( [ + ], [ – ], [ x ] or [ ] ) or the [ ] key. By pressing [ 2nd ] [ a b/c d/e ], the displayed value will be converted to the improper fraction and vice versa. See Example 29.

zTo convert between a decimal and fractional result, press [ 2nd ] [ FD ] and [ ]. See Example 30.

zCalculations containing both fractions and decimals are calculated in decimal format. See Example 31.

Angle Unit Conversion

zThe angle units (DEG, RAD, GRAD) is set by pressing [ DRG ] to display the angle menu. The relation among the three angle units is :

180°=πrad = 200 grad Angle conversations ( See Example 32. ) :

1.Change the default angle settings to the units you want to convert to.

2.Enter the value of the unit to convert.

3.Press [ DMS ] to display the menu. The units you can select

are ° (degrees), ′ (minutes), ″ (seconds), r (radians), g (gradians) or DMS (Degrees-Minutes-Seconds).

4.Choose the units you are converting from.

5.Press [ ] twice.

zTo convert an angle to DMS notation, select " DMS " which converts an entry to DMS notations, i.e., where 1°30′0″ represents 1 degrees, 30 minutes, 0 seconds. See Example 33.

zTo convert a DMS notation to decimal, select °(degrees), ′ (minutes), ″ (seconds). See Example 34.

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Trigonometric / Inverse-Tri. Functions

The calculator provides standard trigonometric functions and inverse trigonometric functions - sin, cos, tan, sin –1, cos –1 and tan –1. See Example 35~37.

(Note) : When using those keys, make sure the calculator is set for the angle unit you want.

Hyperbolic / Inverse-Hyp. Functions

The calculator uses [ 2nd ] [ HYP ] to calculate the hyperbolic functions and inversehyperbolic functions – sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh –1, cosh –1 and tanh –1. See Example 38~39.

(Note) : When using those keys, make sure the calculator is set for the angle unit you want.

Coordinates Transformation

Pressing [ 2nd ] [ RP ] displays a menu to convert rectangular coordinates to polar coordinates or vice versa. See Example 40~41.

Rectangular Coordinates

Polar Coordinates

x + y i = r (cosθ+ i sinθ)

(Note) : When using those key, make sure the calculator is set for the angle unit you want.

Probability

zPressing [ PRB ] displays the probability menu. See Example 42~46. With the following functions :

nPr Calculates the number of possible permutations of n item taken r at a time.

nCr Calculates the number of possible combinations of n items taken r at a time.

!Calculates the factorial of a specified positive integer n , where n 69.

RANDM Generates a random number between 0 and 1.

RANDMI Generates a random integer value between two specified integers, A and B, where A random value B

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Other Functions ( x–1, √, X , x 2, ^ )

z The calculator also provides reciprocal ( [ x –1 ] ), square root

( [ √ ] ), universal root ( [ X	] ), square ( [ x 2 ] ) and
exponentiation ( [ ^ ] ) functions.	See Example 47~50.

Unit Conversions

zThe calculator has a built-in unit conversion feature that enables you to convert numbers from metric to English units and vice versa. See Example 51.

1.Enter the number you want to convert.

2.Press [ 2nd ] [ CONV ] to display the menu. There are 7 menus, covering distance, area, temperature, capacity, weight, energy, and pressure.

3.	Use the [	] [	] to scroll through the list of units until a
	appropriate units menu is shown, then [			].
4.	Pressing [	] or [	] can convert the number to another
	unit.

Physical Constants

zYou can use a number of physical constants in your calculations. See table below :

Symbol		Meaning	Value
c	Speed of light in vacuum		299792458 m / s
g	Acceleration of gravity		9.80665 m.s –2
G	Gravitational constant		6.6725985 x10 –11 N.m 2 kg–2
Vm	molar volume of ideal gas		0.0224141 m 3 mol –1
NA	Avagadro's number		6.022136736 x 10 23mol –1
e	Elementary charge		1.6021773349 x 10 –19 C
me	Electron mass		9.109389754 x 10 –31 kg
mp	Proton mass		1.672623110 x 10 –27 kg
h	Plank's constant		6.626075540 x 10 –34 J.s
k	Boltzmann's constant		1.38065812 x 10 –23 J.K –1
R	Gas constant		8.3145107 J / mol z k
F	Faraday constant		96485.30929 C / mol
mn	Neutron constant		1.67492861 x 10 –27 kg
µ	Atomic mass constant		1.66054021 x 10 –27 kg
ε0	Dielectric permittivity		8.854187818 x 10 –12 F/m
µ 0	Magnetic permittivity		1.256637061 x 10–6 H / m
φ 0	Flux quantum		2.0678346161 x 10 –15 Vs
a 0	Bohr radius		5.2917724924 x 10 –11m
µB	Bohr magneton		9.274015431 x 10 –24Azm 2
µN	Neutron magnetic moment		5.050786617 x 10 –27J / T

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To insert a constant at the cursor position ( See Example 52. ) :

1.Press [ CONST ] to display the physical constants menu.

2. Press [ ] until the constant you want is underlined.

3.Press [ ].

Mode 1 - STAT

There are three menu operations in statistics menu : 1–VAR ( for analyzing data in a single dataset), 2–VAR ( for analyzing paired data from two datasets ) and D–CL ( for clearing all datasets). See Example 38.

Single-Variable / Two-Variable Statistics

Step :

1.From the statistics menu, choose 1–VAR or 2–VAR and press [ ].

2.Press [ DATA ] and there are three menus: DATA–INPUT,

LIMIT–SET, DISTR. Please select DATA–INPUT and press [ ].

3.	Enter an x - value and press [ ].
4.	Enter the frequency ( FREQ ) of the x - value (in 1–VAR
	mode) or the corresponding y - value ( in 2–VAR mode )
	and press [ ].

5.To enter more data, repeat from step 3.

6.Press [ 2nd ] [ STATVAR ] and scroll through the statistical

result menus by [		] or [ ] to find out statistical variables
you want. ( See table below )
Variable	Meaning
n	Number of the x values or x-y pairs entered.
or	Mean of the x values or y values
Xmax or Ymax Maximum of the x values or y values
Xmin or Ymin	Minimum of the x values or y values
Sx or Sy	Sample	standard		deviation		of	x values or y
	values.	Sx =	∑ (x − x)2		,	Sy	=	∑ (y − y)2
				n − 1				n − 1

σx or σy Population standard deviation of x values or y

	values	σx =	∑ (x − x)2	,	σy =	∑ (y − y)2
			n			n

Σx or Σy Sum of all x values or y values

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Σx 2 or Σy 2	Sum of all x 2 values or y 2 values
Σx y	Sum of (x z y) for all x-y pairs

Process capability

Step : ( See Example 53~54. )

1. Press [ DATA ] and there are three menus : DATA–INPUT,

LIMIT–SET, DISTR. Please select LIMIT–SET and press [ ].

2.Enter an upper spec. limit value ( X USL or Y USL), then press [ ].

3.Enter a lower spec. limit value ( X LSL or Y LSL ), then press [ ].

4.Enter the datasets you want under DATA–INPUT mode.

5.Press [ 2nd ] [ STATVAR ] and scroll through the statistical

results menu by [ ] or [ ] to find out process capability variables you want. ( See table below )

Variable Meaning

Cax or Cay Capability accuracy of the x values or y values

,

Cpx or Cpy Potential capability precision of the x values or y values,

,

Cpkx or Cpky Minimum (CPU, CPL) of the x values or y values, where CPU is upper spec. limit of capability precision and CPL is lower spec. limit of capability precision

C pkx = Min (C PUX , C PLX) = C px(1 – C ax ) C pky = Min (C PUY , C PLY) = C py(1 – C ay )

(Note) : When calculating process capability in 2–VAR mode, the

xn and y n are independent with each other.

Probability distribution

Step : ( See Example 55. )

1.Based on the datasets in 1–VAR mode, press [ DATA ] and there are three menu : DATA–INPUT, LIMIT–SET, DISTR. Please choose DISTR and press [ ].

2.Enter a a x value, then press [ ].

3.Press [ STATVAR ] and scroll through the statistical results

menu by [ ] or [ ] to find out probability distribution variables you want. (See table below)

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Variable	Meaning
t	Test value
P ( t )	Represent the cumulative fraction of the
	standard normal distribution that is less than the
	value t
R ( t )	Represent the cumulative fraction of the
	standard normal distribution that lies between
	the value t and 0. R ( t ) =1 – ( t )
Q ( t )	Represent the cumulative fraction of the
	standard normal distribution that is greater than
	the value t	Q ( t ) = | 0.5 – ( t ) |

Linear regression

Step : ( See Example 56. )

1. Based on the datasets in 2–VAR mode, press [ STATVAR ] and scroll through the statistical results menu by [ ] or [ ] to find out a, b, or r.

2.To predict a value for x (or y) given a value for y (or x), select

the x ' (or y ' variable, press [ ], enter the given value, and press [ ] again. (See table below)

Variable

Meaning

a

Linear regression y-intercept

a =

∑ y − b

∑ x

n

b

Linear regression slope b =

(n∑ xy − ∑ x∑ y)

(n∑ x2 − (∑ x)2 )

r

Correlation coefficient

r =

(n∑ xy − ∑ x∑ y)

(n∑ x2 − (∑ x)2 )(n∑ y2 − (∑ y)2 )

x '

Predicted x values given a,

b,

and

y

vales

x' =

y − a

b

y '

Predicted y value given a,

b,

and

x

value.

y' = a + bx

Correcting data

Step : ( See Example 57. )

1.Press [ DATA ].

2.To change x - values or the frequency of the x - value in 1–VAR mode ( or the corresponding y - value in 2–VAR mode ), please choose DATA–INPUT. To change upper spec.

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limit value, or lower spec. limit value, please choose LIMIT–SET. To change ax, please choose DISTR.

3.	Press [	] to scroll through the data you have entered.
4.	To change an entry, display it and enter the new data. The
	new data you enter overwrites the old entry. Press [		] or
	[	] to save the change.

(Note) : Even you exit STAT mode, all data in 1–VAR and 2–VAR mode are still retained unless you clear all data by selecting D–CL mode.

Mode 2 - Base-n

Bases conversions

The number system (10, 16, 2 , 8 ) is set by pressing [ 2nd ] [ dhbo ] to display the menu, making one of the items underlined followed [ ]. A corresponding symbol – " d ", " h ", " b ", " o " appears on the display. (The default setting is d : decimal base). See Example 58.

(Note) : The total range of numbers handled in this mode is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, /A, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF. If values not valid for the particular number system are used, attach the corresponding designator (d, h, b, o), or an error message will appear.

Binary base ( b ) : 0, 1

Octal base ( o ) : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Decimal base ( d ) : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Hexadecimal base ( h ) : 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, /A, IB, IC, ID, IE, IF

Pressing [ ] can use block function to display a result in octal or binary base which exceeds 8 digits. The system is designed to display up to 4 blocks. See Example 59.

Negative expression

zIn binary, octal, and hexadecimal bases, the calculator represents negative numbers using complement notation. The complement is the result of subtracting that number from 100000000000000000000000000000000 in that number's base by pressing [ NEG ] key in non-decimal bases. See Example 60.

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Basic arithmetic operations for bases

zThe unit enables you to calculate in number base other than decimal. The calculator can add, subtract, multiply, and divide binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers. See Example 61.

Logical operation

Logical operations are performed through logical products (AND), negative logical (NAND), logical sums (OR), exclusive logical sums (XOR), negation (NOT), and negation of exclusive logical sums (XNOR). See Example 62.

Mode 3 - CPLX

zComplex mode enables you to add, subtract, multiply, and divide complex numbers. See Example 63. The results of a complex operation are displayed as follow :

Re	Real value	Im	Imaginary value
ab	Absolute value	ar	Argument value

Mode 4 - VLE

Variable linear equations (VLE) mode can solve a set of simultaneous equations with two unknowns as follows :

a x + b y = c

d x + e y = f, where x and y are unknown.

zIn VLE mode, you just enter each coefficient ( a, b, c, d, e, f ) in the correct order, and the calculator automatically solves for x, y. See Example 64.

Mode 5 - QE

Quadratic equations (QE) mode can solve a equations as follows : a x 2 + b x + c = 0, where x is unknown.

zIn QE mode, you just enter each coefficient ( a, b, c ) in the correct order, and the calculator automatically solves for all x values. See Example 65.

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Guía GeneraI ...................................................		3
	Encendiendo o apagando...............................	3
	Reemplazo de batería .....................................	3
	Función auto desactivadora...........................	3
	Operación Restablecer ...................................	3
	Ajuste del contraste .......................................	4
	Lectura de la visualización ............................	4
Antes de empezar los cálculos ......................		5
	Seleccionando un modo.................................	5

Seleccionando un elemento de los

	menús de visualización..................................	5
	Usando teclas " 2nd ".....................................	5
	Cursor .............................................................	6

Haciendo correcciones durante la

	entrada............................................................	6
	Función de respuesta.....................................	6

Función de visualización de la

	posición de error ............................................	6
	Función de memoria.......................................	7
	Orden de operaciones ....................................	7
	Exactitud y Capacidad....................................	8
	Condiciones de error....................................	10
Mode 0 - MAIN ...............................................		11
	Cálculo aritmético ........................................	11
	Formatos de visualización ...........................	11
	Cálculos de paréntesis.................................	11
	Cálculo de porcentaje...................................	12
	Función del cálculo continuo.......................	12
	Función de respuesta...................................	12
	Logaritmos y Antilogaritmos........................	12
	Cálculo de fracción ......................................	12
	Conversión de unidades de ángulo .............	13

Funciones trigonométricas /

Tri. Inversas ..................................................

14

Funciones Hiperbólicas /

Hip. Inversas.................................................

14

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	Transformación de las coordenadas............									14
	Probabilidad .................................................									14
	Otras funciones ( x	–1	,	√	,	X	, x	2	, ^ )	15
	Conversión de la unidad				..............................					15
	Constantes de Física ....................................									15
Mode 1 - STAT................................................										16

Variable Sencilla / Estadísticas con

	Dos Variables................................................	16
	Capacidad de Proceso..................................	17
	Distribución de probabilidad........................	17
	Regresión lineal............................................	18
	Corregiendo dados .......................................	19
Mode 2 - Base-n.............................................		19
	Conversiones básicas ..................................	19
	Expresiones negativas .................................	19

Operaciones aritméticas básicas

	para bases ....................................................	20
	Operaciones lógicas.....................................	20
Mode 3	- CPLX ...............................................	20
Mode 4	- VLE .................................................	20
Mode 5	- QE ...................................................	20

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Guía GeneraI

Encendiendo o apagando

Para encender la calculadora, presionar [ ON ]; para apagar la calculadora, presionar [ 2nd ] [ OFF ].

Reemplazo de batería

SRP-280N es accionado por una batería alcalina (G13/LR44). SRP-285N es un sistema de energía dual que se impulsa por una batería alcalina (G13/LR44) y una batería solar. Si el despliegue se pone oscuro y difícil de leer (sobre todo cuando la iluminación es oscura para SRP-285N), las batería deben ser reemplazadas lo más pronto posible.

Para sustituir las batería:

1)Quite el tornillo y la cubierta del compartimiento de la batería.

2)Quite la batería vieja e inserte la nueva con la polaridad en la dirección correcta, luego coloque la cubierta.

3)Después de cambiar la batería, por favor use un objeto con punta para presionar en el hueco el botón de restaurado, en el área de la etiqueta de clasificación localizada en la parte posterior de la unidad.

Función auto desactivadora

Esta calculadora se apaga automáticamente cuando no operada por aproximadamente 6~12 minutos.Puede reactivarse presionando la tecla [ ON ] y la visualización, memoria y configuración son conservadas.

Operación Restablecer

Si la calculadora está encendida pero usted consigue resultados inesperados, presionar [ 2nd ] [ RESET ] en secuencia. Un mensaje aparece en la visualización para confirmar si usted quiere restablecer la calculadora y borrar los contenidos de la memoria.

RESET : N Y
Mueva el cursor a " Y " a través [ ], luego presionar [	] para

borrar todas las variables, programas, operaciones pendientes, datos estadísticos, respuestas, todas las entradas anteriores, y memoria; para abortar la operación restablecer sin borrar la calculadora, por favor escoja " N " .

Si la calculadora está bloqueada y el accionamiento de cualquier tecla se vuelve imposible, por favor use un objeto con punta para presionar en el hueco el botón de restaurado para solucionar el problema. Esto retornará todas las configuraciones a aquellas por defecto.

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Ajuste del contraste

Presionando la tecla [ ] o [ ] seguida de [ MODE ] puede hacer el contraste de la pantalla más clara o más oscura. Dominando cualquier tecla abajo hará la visualización volverse respectivamente más clara o más oscura.

Lectura de la visualización

La visualización comprende la línea de entrada, la línea del resultado, e indicadores.

	Indicadores	MA IN	D EG	Indicadores
	Línea de	74 – 8 / 7
	entrada		72.85714286	Línea de
				resultado

Línea de entrada La calculadora muestra una entrada de hasta 76 dígitos. Las entradas empiezan en la izquierda; aquéllas con más de 11dígitos

desplazan para la izquierda. Presionar [		] o
[	] para mover el cursor a través de una
entrada. Presionar [ 2nd ] [ ] o [ 2nd ] [		]

para mover el cursor inmediatamente al principio o fin de la entrada.

Línea de resultado Muestra un resultado de hasta 10 dígitos, así como un decimal, una señal negativa, un indicador " x10 ", y un exponente positivo o negativo de 2 dígitos. Resultados que exceden el límite de dígitos son mostrados en notación

		científica.
Indicadores		Los indicadores siguientes aparecen en la
		visualización para Indicarte el estado actual de
		la calculadora.
Indicador		Significado
M	Memoria independiente

–Resultado es negativo

2nd	2° juego de teclas de función está activo
MODE	Modo de selección está activo
MAIN	Modo principal está activo
STAT	Modo de estadística está activo
Base-n	Modo Base-n está activo
VLE	Modo de ecuación linear variable está activo
QE	Modo de ecuación cuadrática está activo
CPLX	Modo de número complejo está actlvo
DEGRAD	Modo de ángulo: DEGrees, GRADs, o RADs
ENGSCI	Notación para Ingeniería (ENGineering) o
	Científica (SCIentific)
TAB	Número de posiciones decimales mostrado está fijo
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HYP Función hiperbólica-trig. será calculada

BUSY Mientras una operación está ejecutando

Hay dígitos a la izquierda o derecha de la visualización

Hay resultados anteriores o posteriores que pueden ser mostrados

Antes de empezar los cálculos

Seleccionando un modo

Presionando [ MODE ] puede entrar los menús del modo. Usted puede escoger uno de los seis modos operativos, mientras incluyendo " 0) MAIN ", " 1)STAT ", " 2)Base-n ", " 3)CPLX ", " 4)VLE ", " 5)QE ".

Da " 2)Base-n " como un ejemplo :

Método 1 : Desplazar a través de los menús usando [ ] o [ ] hasta que " 2)Base-n " sea mostrado, luego entre en el modo deseado presionando [ ].

Método 2 : Teclee directamente el número del modo, [ 2 ], para entrar en el modo inmediatamente.

Seleccionando un elemento de los menús de visualización

Muchas funciones y configuraciones están disponibles en los menúes.Un menú es una lista de opciones mostradas a través de la línea de entrada.

De " Presionando la tecla [ DRG ] muestra el menú para gue escoja de la configuración del ángulo bajo el modo MAIN " como un ejemplo :

Método : Presionar [ DRG ] para mostrar el menú, y luego mover el cursor [ ] o [ ] para un elemento que usted quiere. Presionar [ ] mientras el elemento está subrayado.

Para artículos del menú seguidos por un valor de argumento, usted puede apretar [ ] mientras el artículo está subrayado o entrar el valor del argumento correspondiente directamente.

Usando teclas " 2nd "

Cuando usted presiona [ 2nd ], el indicador " 2nd " mostrado en la visualización es para decirle que usted estará seleccionando la segunda función de la próxima tecla que usted presiona. Si usted presionar [ 2nd ] por equivocación, simplemente presionar [ 2nd ] de nuevo para quitar el indicador " 2nd ".

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Cursor

Presionando la tecla [ ] o [ ] puede mover el cursor a la izquierda o la derecha. Sujete cualquiera de esas teclas para abajo para mover el cursor a alta velocidad.

Presionando [ ] o [ ] puede desplazar la visualización arriba y abajo mientras hay entradas anteriores escondidas en la visualización. Usted puede reusar o editar una entrada anterior cuando está en la línea de entrada.

Haciendo correcciones durante la entrada

Para anular un carácter con el cursor, vaya al carácter subrayado usando [ ] o [ ] para mover el cursor, y luego presionar [ DEL ] para anular el carácter.

Para reemplazar un carácter, vaya al carácter subrayado usando [ ] o [ ] para mover el cursor, y luego entrar una nueva entrada para reemplazar el carácter.

Para insertar un carácter, mueva el cursor a la posición del carácter donde usted quiere insertar. Él se Insertará en frente del carácter después de presionar [ 2nd ] [ INS ] y entrando un nuevo carácter.

(Nota) : El cursor intermitente " " significa que la calculadora está en el modo de inserción. Al contrario, el cursor intermitente es mostrado como " _ " y él significa que la calculadora está en el modo sobrescribir.

Para borrar todos los carácteres, borra todas las entradas de carácter con la tecla [ CL ].

Función de respuesta

z Esta función almacena la última operación ejecutada. Después que la ejecución está completa, presiona la tecla [ ] o [ ] mostrará la operación desde el principio al fin. Usted puede continuar moviendo el cursor a través del [ ] o [ ] para editarlo. Para anular un dígito, presionar [ DEL ]. (o, en modo sobrescribir, simplemente teclee encima del dígito. Vea Ejemplo 1.

z La función de repetición puede mantener los dígitos de la entrada hasta 254 carácteres. Después que la ejecución está completa o durante la entrada, usted puede presionar cualquiera [ ] o [ ] para mostrar los pasos anteriores de entrada y editar valores o comandos para la ejecución subsecuente. Vea Ejemplo 2.

(Nota) : La función de repetición no está borrada incluso cuando [ CL ] es presionado o corriente está apagada, por eso los contenidos pueden ser revocados después de presionar [ CL ]. Sin embargo, la función recalcular se cancela cuando modo se cambia.

Función de visualización de la posición de error

zCuando un cálculo matemáticamente ilegal es ejecutado, la función de visualización de la posición de error le indicará con el

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cursor donde el error está. Presionar [ ] o [ ] para mover el cursor y luego para darle una entrada correcta. Usted también puede borrar un error presionando [ CL ] y luego re-entrando los valores y la expresión desde el principio. Vea Ejemplo 3.

Función de memoria

zPresionar [ M+ ] para adicionar un resultado a la memoria corriente. Presiona [ 2nd ] [ M– ] para restar el valor de la memoria corriente. Para revocar el valor en la memoria corriente, presionar [ MRC ]. Para borrar la memoria corriente, presiona [ MRC ] dos veces. Vea Ejemplo 4.

zLa calculadora tiene diez variables de memoria para el uso repetido : A, B, C, X, Y, M, X1, X2, PROG1 y PROG2. Usted puede guardar un número real en las variables A, B, C, X, Y, M, X1, X2 y dos expresiónes en PROG1 y PROG2. Vea Ejemplo 5.

*[ P/V RCL ] rellama todas las variables.

*[ SAVE ] le permite almacenar valores a las variables.

*[ 2nd ] [ RECALL ] rellama el valor de la variable.

*[ 2nd ] [ CL-VAR ] borra todas las variables excepto PROG1, PROG2.

*[ 2nd ] [ CL-PROG ] borra los contenidos de PROG1, PROG2.

(Nota) : Además de presionar tecla [ SAVE ] para almacenar un valor, usted también puede asignar valores a la variable de memoria M con [ M+ ] o [ 2nd ] [ M– ]. Sin embargo, cualquier cosa actualmente almacenado en la variable M se anulará y se lo reemplazará con el valor recientemente asignado.

Orden de operaciones

Cada cálculo es ejecutado en el orden siguiente de prioridad :

1)Expresión dentro de los paréntesis.

2)Transformación de las coordenadas, y funciones Tipo B que se

requieren presionando la tecla de función antes de entrar, por ejemplo, sin, cos, tan, sin –1, cos –1, tan –1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh –1, cosh –1, tanh –1, log, ln, 10 X, e X, √, NEG, NOT, X'( ), Y'( )

3)Funciones tipo A que son requeridas entrando valores antes de presionar la tecla de función, por ejemplo, x 2, , ! , x –1, %, r, g.

4)Exponenciación ( ^ ), X

5)Fracciones

6)Formato de multiplicación abreviada delante de las variables, π, RANDM, RANDMI.

7)( – )

8)Formato de multiplicación abreviada delante de funciones Tipo B , 2 3 , Alog2, etc.

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9)nPr, nCr

10)x ,

11)+, –

12)AND, NAND

13)OR, XOR, XNOR

14)Conversión ( a b/cd/e, FD, DMS )

•Cuando funciones con la misma prioridad son usadas en series,la ejecución es realizada de la derecha a la izquierda.

e X ln120 Æ e X { ln (120 ) }

si no, la ejecución es de la izquierda para derecha.

•Se ejecutan funciones compuestas de la derecha para la izquierda.

•Cualquier cosa contenida dentro de los paréntesis recibe la prioridad más alta.

Exactitud y Capacidad

Exactitud del rendimiento : Hasta 10 dígitos. Calculando dígitos : Hasta 24 dígitos.

En general, cada cálculo razonable es mostrado con mantisa de

hasta 10 dígitos,o mantisa de 10-dígitos más exponente de 2-dígitos hasta 10 ± 99.

Números usados como entrada deben estar dentro del intervalo de la función dada como sigue :

Funciones

Intervalo de entrada

sin x

Deg :

x

< 4.5 x 10 10 deg

cos x

Rad :

x

< 2.5 x 10 8πrad

tan x

Grad :

x

< 5 x 10 10 grad

No obstante, para tan x

Deg :

x

≠ 90 (2n+1)

Rad :

x

≠ π (2n+1)

2

Grad :

x

≠ 100 (2n+1), (n es un entero)

sin –1 x, cos –1 x

x

≤ 1

tan –1 x

x

< 1 x 10 100

sinh x, cosh x

x

≤ 230.2585092

tanh x

x

< 1 x 10 100

sinh –1 x

x

< 5 x 10 99

cosh –1 x

1 ≤ x < 5 x 10 99

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tanh –1 x

x

< 1

log x, ln x

1 x 10 –99 ≤ x < 1 x 10 100

10 x

–1 x 10 100 < x < 100

e x

–1 x 10 100 < x ≤ 230.2585092

x

0 ≤ x < 1 x 10 100

x 2

x

< 1 x 10 50

x -1

x

< 1 x 10 100, x ≠ 0

x !

0 ≤ x ≤ 69, x es un entero.

P (x, y)

x 2

+ y 2 < 1 x 10 100

R (r, θ)

0 ≤ r < 1 x 10 100

Deg │θ│< 4.5 x 10 10 deg

Rad │θ│< 2.5 x 10 8πrad

Grad │θ│< 5 x 10 10 grad

No obstante, para tanθ

Deg │θ│≠ 90 (2n+1)

Rad │θ│≠ π (2n+1)

2

Grad │θ│≠ 100 (2n+1), (n es un entero)

DMS

│DD│, MM, SS.SS

1 x 10

100

,

0 ≤ MM, SS.SS

x

< 10 100

x y

x > 0 : –1 x 10 100 < y log x < 100

x = 0 : y > 0

x < 0 : y = n, 1/(2n+1), n es un entero.

pero –1 x 10100 < y log x < 100

x y

y >

0 : x ≠ 0, –1 x 10

100 <

1

log y < 100

x

y = 0 : x > 0

y < 0 : x=2n+1, 1/n, n es un entero. (n ≠ 0)

pero –1 x 10 100 <

1

log y < 100

x

nPr, nCr

0 ≤ r ≤ n, n ≤ 10 100, n,r son enteros.

STAT

x

< 1 x 10 100 ,

y

< 1 x 10 100

1–VAR : n ≤ 40, 2–VAR : n ≤ 40

FREQ. = n, 0 ≤ n < 10 100 : n es un entero en

modo 1–VAR.

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