Brookfield Spiral Adapter User Manual

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BROOKFIELD SPIRAL ADAPTER

SPECIALISTS IN THE

MEASUREMENT AND

CONTROL OF VISCOSITY

800-628-8139 or 508-946-6200 FAX 508-946-6262

www.brookfieldengineering.com

BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.

11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346-1031 USA

Operating Instructions

Manual No. M93-270-D0812

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 1 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................5

II. Components ...................................................................................................................................6

III. Specications for Test Set Up ...................................................................................................7

IV. Installation ......................................................................................................................................8

V. Operation ..................................................................................................................................... 10

V.1 Theory ......................................................................................................................................................... 10

V.2 Test Procedure .......................................................................................................................................... 10

V.3 Data Gathering ........................................................................................................................................ 11

V.4 Application Examples - Solder Paste ............................................................................................... 12

V.5 Cleaning the Spiral Adapter ................................................................................................................ 12

Appendix A - Spiral Spindle Factors for Torque Measurements .................................................................. 13

Appendix B - Online Help and Additional Resources ..................................................................................... 14

Appendix C - Warranty Repair and Service ......................................................................................................... 15

I. INTRODUCTION

Sample

Material

Paste

Container

Spiral

Chamber

Spiral

Spindle

When used with any Brookeld Viscometer/Rheometer, the Spiral Adapter can measure uid viscosity at various shear rates. Viscosity is a measure of a uid’s resistance to ow. You will nd a detailed

description of the mathematics of viscosity in the Brookeld publication “More Solutions to Sticky Problems”, a copy of which was included with your Viscometer/Rheometer and is also available as a

pdf le on the Brookeld website.

The Spiral Adapter has an inner, threaded spindle surrounded by a concentric outer cylinder, as shown in

Figure 1. This combination causes the sample to be continuously pumped up through the gap between

the rotating spindle and the outer cylinder. The material reaches a steady state of ow during which viscosity is measured.

Figure 1

The principle of viscosity measurement is to drive the spiral spindle (which is immersed in the test uid) through a calibrated spring in the Viscometer/Rheometer. The viscous drag of the uid against the spindle is measured by the spring deection.

The measuring range of the Spiral Adapter [in centipoise (cP) or milliPascal seconds (mPa•s)] is determined by the rotational speed of the spindle, the length and effective diameter of the spindle, the length and diameter of the chamber the spindle is rotating in, and the full scale torque of the viscometer’s calibrated spring.

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 5 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

II. COMPONENTS

The following components are included in the Spiral Adapter Accessory (part number SAA): Item Part Number

Two (2) Spindles of identical design SA-70 One (1) Chamber SA-1Y One (1) Assembly Clamp SA-5Y One (1) Carrying Case SA-8 One (1) Cleaning Brush SA-4 One (1) Operator Manual M93-270

Please check to be sure that you have received all components, and that there is no damage. If any parts are missing, please notify Brookeld Engineering or your local Brookeld agent immediately. Any shipping damage must be reported to the carrier.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR TEST SET UP

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 6 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

III. SPECIFICATIONS FOR TEST SET UP

The Spiral Adapter can be used with any Brookeld Viscometer/Rheometer. Selection of the appropriate Viscometer/Rheometer depends upon the viscosity range of the sample uid over the shear rates at which it will be tested.

There are four basic spring torque series offered by Brookeld as shown in Table 1. The higher the

torque range, the higher the viscosity measurement range. The corresponding ranges for viscosity measurement when the spiral spindle is rotating at 1.0 RPM are also shown. Lower spindle speeds are possible, but the pumping action within the spiral chamber may not be sufcient to provide meaningful viscosity data.

Spring Torque Spiral Adapter

Viscosity Range

Brookeld

Viscometer/Rheometer

Series Designation

LV 673.7 0.0673 1.0 x 10

RV 7,187.0 0.7187 1.1 x 10

HA 14,374.0 1.4374 2.2 x 10

HB 57,496.0 5.7496 9.0 x 10

dyne-cm milli Newton-m minimum maximum

at 1.0 RPM

cP (mPa·s)

1.0 x 10

1.1 x 10

2.2 x 10

9.0 x 10

Table 1

Table 2 provides general information on Brookeld Viscometers/Rheometers and the type of data that

can be generated when using the Spiral Adapter.

Measurement accuracy for any viscosity value obtained during a test is ± 2.0% of the full scale viscosity range (i.e. at 100% torque) for the specic rotational speed in use. See Appendix A for the necessary information to determine full scale range.

Model Dial DV-E DV-I Series DV-II Series DV-III Series

Speeds 8 18 18 54 2,600

-1

Shear Rate 0.677 sec

per RPM

Signal Options Torque Viscosity Temperature

No No No

Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Software No No No Yes Yes

Temperature Probe

No * Yes

Table 2

Note: At speeds of 1 RPM and lower, additional time may be required to allow for

complete deection of the torque sensor.

* Available as option when ordering instrument.

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 7 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

IV. INSTALLATION

Viscometer

Pivot Cup

Pointer Shaft

Clamp

Chamber

Spindle Nut

Spindle

Install the spiral spindle by lifting and holding the pointer shaft of the Viscometer/Rheometer while screwing the spindle onto it. The threads are left-hand so the spindle must be turned to the left. Gently lift the chamber over the spindle up against the pivot cup until it rests over the locating shoulder. While holding the chamber in place, fasten the assembly clamp onto the pivot cup, thereby securing the chamber in place. The thread in this case is right hand.

See Figure 2 which shows an assembly schematic for the Spiral Adapter.

Figure 2

Turn on the Viscometer/Rheometer and rotate the spindle at various speeds. Observe the spiral spindle to make sure there is no interference with steady and even rotation. If the spindle does not run “true”, then inspect the spindle and Viscometer/Rheometer shaft for straightness. Rotate the Viscometer/ Rheometer shaft without the spindle and conrm that the rotation is steady and even.

Notify Brookeld or your authorized Brookeld agent if you experience any difculty in performing the above procedure.

The spiral spindle code number is 70. If you have a Brookeld digital viscometer or rheometer, which

does not contain this number, you must do the following:

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 8 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

• For DV-I and Dial Viscometers, use the torque reading and manually convert to a viscosity

value using the table in Appendix A.

• For DV-II Viscometers, use the spindle 99 entry. Enter the following values:

SMC (Spindle Multiplier Constant) = 105 SRC (Shear Rate Constant) = .677

Note: Customers who use the Brookeld Spiral Adapter may need to have their Brookeld Viscometer/

Rheometer serviced before using this accessory device. All Brookeld digital viscometers/ rheometers with serial number lower than 24250 may not have proper alignment between bearings and pivot cup. The same applies to all Brookeld dial viscometers.

This does not present any problem for normal Brookeld Viscometer/Rheometer use. However,

it may result in erroneous data when using the Spiral Adapter. For this reason, please return your Brookeld Viscometer/Rheometer to Brookeld for servicing before using it with the Spiral Adapter.

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 9 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

V. OPERATION

V.1 Theory

The Spiral Adapter has an inner, threaded spindle surrounded by a concentric outer cylinder, as

shown previously in Figure 1. This combination causes the sample to be continuously pumped

up through the gap between the rotating spindle and the outer cylinder. The material reaches a steady state of ow during which viscosity is measured.

At its various rotating speeds, the Brookeld Viscometer/Rheometer with the Spiral Adapter

provides viscosity data at different shear rates. The resulting rheogram from an up/down speed ramp supplies important information on the pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior of the test material which may correlate with actual use in a process. In addition, the measurement method may be less sensitive to sample handling and minor material variations than other viscosity measuring methods.

V.2 Test Procedure

Ensure that the test material has been prepared properly in accordance with your prescribed

procedure. Lower the Spiral Adapter into the test uid as shown in Figure 1.

Start the Viscometer/Rheometer and allow it to run at high speed for quick ooding of the

chamber. This speed will vary with the nature of the test uid, but will typically be between 20 and 60 RPM for 2 to 10 minutes. The speed and time of the ood cycle may be an important part of the test procedure. This is because the uid in the chamber will experience a shear history before the start of the test.

When the chamber is ooded, you will observe test uid covering the top of the spindle. Stop

the Viscometer/Rheometer and allow a settling period per your dened procedure. Run the viscosity test and record the data. An example of a test procedure is as follows:

Speed Duration

50 RPM 6 min. 0 RPM 2 min. 5 RPM 1 min. 10 RPM 1 min. 15 RPM 1 min. 20 RPM 1 min. 30 RPM 1 min.

A strip chart recorder can be used with digital Brookeld Viscometers/Rheometers during the

above procedure. An example of data output is shown in Figure 3.

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 10 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

30405060

Tim

Figure 3

V.3 Data Gathering

Brookeld offers applications software for comprehensive data gathering with any IBM compatible

PC.

Brookeld software will capture and display the following data in tabular and/or graphical format when used with the appropriate Brookeld Viscometer.

- Viscosity in centipoise (cP) or milliPascal seconds (mPa•s)

- % scale (Brookeld units)

- RPM

- Shear rate (sec-1)

- Shear stress (dynes/cm2 or N/m2)

- Temperature (°F or °C)

The data from a Brookeld dial reading, DV-E or DV-I+ (or DV-I) Viscometer can be manually entered into one of our software applications.

In addition, the Brookeld Strip Chart Recorder (Model 1201) can be used to obtain a permanent

record of the Viscometer/Rheometer torque signal output, as shown in Figure 3. The Model

1202 can be used to record a second parameter, such as temperature, at the same time.

Contact Brookeld or an authorized dealer for more details on the appropriate software to use with your viscometer/rheometer.

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 11 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

V.4 Application Example - Solder Paste

Applying solder paste is a printing operation that shears the materials as the paste “rolls” on

the stencil surface. Solder paste typically shows pseudoplastic behavior (exponential decrease

in viscosity with increasing shear rate) as shown in Figure 4.

LOG VISCOSITY (cP)

Slope of Line = Shear Sensitivity Factor

10 100

LOG RPM

VISCOSITY (cP)

7 x 10

6 x 10

5 x 10

4 x 10

10 15

20 25 30 35

RPM

Figure 4 Figure 5

A plot of viscosity vs. RPM on a log/log scale approximates a straight line as shown in Figure 5.

The slope of the line provides information about the shear thinning of the paste. The absolute value of the slope is called the “shear sensitivity factor”. Experimental correlations of these slope values to actual printing properties allow the user to establish acceptable ranges of the shear sensitivity factor.

The plots shown in Figures 4 and 5 can be generated easily when using Brookeld application

software. There is a math model (IPC Paste Analysis) included in the software which converts

viscosity vs. RPM data (Figure 4) into a log/log plot (Figure 5) and automatically computes

the “shear sensitivity factor.”

V.5 Cleaning the Spiral Adapter

Support the chamber and remove the clamp. Carefully lower the chamber off the spindle. Soak

in appropriate solvent. Remove spindle by lifting the lower shaft and holding it rm. Turn the spindle nut to the right (counter-clockwise) to remove. Clean by wiping and soaking in appropriate solvent. A soft brush is provided to aid in cleaning the threads. This brush should also be cleaned in solvent.

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 12 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

APPENDIX A - Spiral Spindle Factors for Torque (% Scale) Measurements

Table A-1 applies to Brookeld Viscometer models with series designation LV, RV, HA, and HB. The procedure for converting a torque value (% scale) into a viscosity value (cP) is accomplished

by multiplying the appropriate factor shown in Table A-1 by the torque reading on your Brookeld

Viscometer.

Spindle

Spiral Spindle Factors

Speeds

(RPM)

LV RV HA HB

0.3 3,280.0 35,000 70,000 280,000

0.5 1,968.0 21,000 42,000 168,000

0.6 1,640.0 17,500 35,000 140,000

1.0 984.0 10,500 21,000 84,000

1.5 656.0 7,000 14,000 56,000

2.0 492.0 5,250 10,500 42,000

2.5 394.0 4,200 8,400 33,600

3.0 328.0 3,500 7,000 28,000

4.0 246.0 2,625 5,250 21,000

5.0 197.0 2,100 4,200 16,800

6.0 164.0 1,750 3,500 14,000

10.0 98.4 1,050 2,100 8,400

12.0 82.0 875 1,750 7,000

20.0 49.2 525 1,050 4,200

30.0 32.8 350 700 2,800

50.0 19.7 210 420 1,680

60.0 16.4 175 350 1,400

100.0 9.8 105 210 840

Table A-1

The full scale viscosity measurement range (in cP or mPa•s) for any given speed is obtained by multiplying the corresponding spiral spindle factor in the above table by 100.

Brookeld Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 13 Manual No. M93-270-D0812

APPENDIX B - Online Help and Additional Resources

www.brookeldengineering.com**

The Brookeld website is a good resource for additional and self-help whenever you need it. Our website offers a selection of “how-to” videos, application notes, conversion tables, instructional manuals, material safety data sheets, calibration templates and other technical resources.

http://www.youtube.com/user/BrookeldEng

Brookeld has its own YouTube channel. Videos posted to our website can be found here as well as other “home-made” videos made by our own technical sales group.

Viscosityjournal.com

Brookeld is involved with a satellite website that should be your rst stop in viscosity research. This site serves as a library of interviews with experts in the viscosity eld as well as Brookeld technical articles and conversion charts. Registration is required, so that you can be notied of upcoming interviews and events, however, this information will not be shared with other vendors, institutions, etc..

Article Reprints

- Available in Print Only

- Brookeld has an extensive library of published articles relating to viscosity, texture and

powder testing. Due to copyright restrictions, these articles cannot be emailed. Please request your hardcopy of articles by calling our customer service department directly or by emailing: marketing@brookeldengineering.com

- Available Online

- Brookeld has a growing number of published articles that can be downloaded directly from

the Brookeld website. These articles can be found on our main site by following this path: http://www.brookeldengineering.com/support/documentation/article reprints

Brookfield Spiral Adapter User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual