Agilent Technologies E4440A User Manual

Getting Started Guide

PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers

This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:

E4440A (3 Hz - 26.5 GHz) E4443A (3 Hz - 6.7 GHz) E4445A (3 Hz - 13.2 GHz) E4446A (3 Hz - 44 GHz) E4447A (3 Hz - 42.98 GHz) E4448A (3 Hz - 50 GHz)

Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90284

Supersedes: E4440-90274

Printed in USA

March 2006

Notice

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.

The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. Familiarize yourself with the symbols and their meaning before operating this analyzer.

WAR NING Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure

which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

CAUTION Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not

correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of the analyzer. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

NOTE Note calls out special information for the user’s attention. It provides

operational information or additional instructions of which the user should be aware.

Additional Information

For the latest information about this analyzer, including firmware upgrades, application information, and product information, see the following URL:

http://www.agilent.com/find/psa/

Contents

1. Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Firmware Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Running Internal Alignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Printer Setup and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2. Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Rear-Panel Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Key Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Front and Rear Panel Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3. Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Viewing a Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4. Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Saving a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Using the Alpha Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

5. Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

6. In Case of Difficulty

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Before Calling Agilent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Returning an Analyzer for Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Contents

Table of Contents

Installation and Setup

1 Installation and Setup

Installation and Setup

This chapter provides the following information that you may need when you first receive your spectrum analyzer:

• “Initial Inspection” on page 7

• “Power Requirements” on page 9

• “Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” on page 13

• “Printer Setup and Operation” on page 18

• “Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge” on page 21

• “Running Internal Alignments” on page 17

• “Safety Information” on page 22

Agilent Technologies Performance

Installation and Setup

Spectrum Analyzer (PSA)

6 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection

Inspect the shipping container and the cushioning material for signs of stress. Retain the shipping materials for future use, as you may wish to ship the analyzer to another location or to Agilent Technologies for service. Verify that the contents of the shipping container are complete. The following table lists the items shipped with the analyzer.

Item Description

Accessories

IntuiLink Toolbar software, CD-ROM Provides a set of connectivity tools that enable you to easily

move data from your analyzer to your PC.

Power Cable (See Table 1-2 on page 11) Connection for power source

USB Cable (Option 111 only) Connects PSA USB to USB on a PC, part number 8121-1074

Adapter (E4446A, E4447A, and E4448A only)

Agilent Automation-Ready CD Assists in quickly and properly connecting instruments to

Standard Documentation Set

Getting Started Guide Covers unpacking and setting up the analyzer, analyzer

User’s/Programmer’s Guide Describes analyzer features in detail, including front-panel

2.4 mm(f) to K(f) front panel connector adapter, part number 1250-2187

2.4 mm(f) to 2.4 mm(f) front panel connector adapter, part number 1250-2188

your PC, part number E2094-60003. Includes: Agilent IO Libraries Suite, Agilent VEE Pro, T&M Tool Kit, and Agilent IO Hardware information.

features, and how to make a basic measurement. Includes information on options and accessories, and what to do if you have a problem.

key descriptions, basic spectrum analyzer programming information, and SCPI command descriptions.

Installation and Setup

Measurement Guide Provides details on how to measure various signals, and how

to use catalogs and files.

Specifications Guide Documents specifications, safety, and regulatory information.

Instrument Messages and Functional Tests Includes instrument messages (and suggestions for

troubleshooting them), and manual functional tests.

Programming Conversion Guide Describes SCPI programming command compatibility for

8590, 8560, 8566, ESA/PSA series analyzers.

Documentation CD-ROM Includes the documents in the standard set (listed above).

You can view and print the information as needed. See the CD-ROM jacket for installation information.

Chapter 1 7

Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection

NOTE If you purchased one or more optional measurement personalities, the

related guides for the options you ordered are included.

Service documentation is not included in the standard documentation set. See “Options” on page 65 for information on ordering.

If There Is a Problem

If the shipping materials are damaged or the contents of the container are incomplete:

• Contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office to arrange for repair

or replacement (see “Contacting Agilent Technologies” on page 80). You will not need to wait for a claim settlement.

• Keep the shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.

• If you must return an analyzer to Agilent Technologies, use the

Installation and Setup

original (or comparable) shipping materials (see “Returning an

Analyzer for Service” on page 81).

8 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

The only physical installation of your Agilent spectrum analyzer is a connection to a power source.

Line voltage does not need to be selected.

This analyzer does not contain customer serviceable fuses.

WAR NING Failure to ground the analyzer properly can result in personal

injury. Before turning on the analyzer, you must connect its protective earth terminals to the protective conductor of the main power cable. Insert the main power cable plug into a socket outlet that has a protective earth contact only. DO NOT defeat the earth-grounding protection by using an extension cable, power cable, or autotransformer without a protective ground conductor.

Installation and Setup

If you are using an autotransformer, make sure its common terminal is connected to the protective earth contact of the power source outlet socket.

This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

WAR NING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the Agilent

Technologies spectrum analyzer from mains before cleaning. Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts. Do not attempt to clean internally.

CAUTION VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS: When installing the product in a

cabinet, the convection into and out of the product must not be restricted. The ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the product by 4°C for every 100 watts dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.

This analyzer has autoranging line voltage input. Be sure the supply voltage is within the specified range.

NOTE For detailed analyzer specifications, see the Specifications guide.

Chapter 1 9

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

Table 1-1 Power Requirements

Description

Voltage, Frequency 100 to 120 Vrms, 50/60/400 Hz

220 to 240 Vrms, 50/60 Hz

Power Consumption, On Base Fully Loaded

< 260 W < 450 W

Power Consumption, Standby < 20 W

Specification

1. For greater detail, refer to the Specifications Guide.

AC Power Cord

The analyzer is equipped with a three-wire power cord, in accordance with international safety standards. This cable grounds the analyzer cabinet when connected to an appropriate power line outlet. The cable appropriate to the original shipping location is included with the

Installation and Setup

analyzer.

Various AC power cables are available that are unique to specific geographic areas. You can order additional AC power cables for use in different areas. AC Power Cords, on page 11 lists the available AC power cables, illustrates the plug configurations, and identifies the geographic area in which each cable is appropriate.

NOTE The front panel switch is a standby switch only; it is not a LINE switch

(power disconnecting device).

WAR NING Install the product so that the detachable power cord is readily

identifiable and easily reached by the operator. The detachable power cord is the product disconnecting device. It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the product. The front panel switch is only a standby switch and is not a LINE switch. Alternatively, an externally installed switch or circuit breaker (which is readily identifiable and is easily reached by the operator) may be used as a disconnecting device.

CAUTION Always use the three-prong AC power cord supplied with this product.

Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord can cause product damage.

10 Chapter 1

Table 1-2 AC Power Cords

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

Installation and Setup

Chapter 1 11

Installation and Setup

Power Requirements

Battery Information

The analyzer uses a Lithium Polycarbon Monofloride battery to power the analyzer clock. The battery is located on the CPU board.

You can order the service documentation for Agilent spectrum analyzers through your Agilent Sales and Service office. The documentation is described under “Options” on page 65.

NOTE If the analyzer’s clock does not keep time when powered off, the

problem is the battery. See “Returning an Analyzer for Service” on page 81.

WAR NING Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace

only with the same or equivalent type recommended. Discard used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Installation and Setup

12 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

❏ Plug in the power cord.

WAR NING If this product is to be energized via an external auto

transformer for voltage reduction, make sure that its common terminal is connected to a neutral (earthed pole) of the power supply.

CAUTION The analyzer is shipped with a a transportation disk inserted in the

disk drive to prevent damage to the disk drive during transportation. This transportation disk, or a blank floppy disk, should be inserted in the disk drive whenever transporting the analyzer.

Do not leave a disk in the front-panel disk drive while turning the analyzer on. Also, ensure that the transportation disk is removed from the drive.

NOTE Do not connect anything else to the analyzer yet.

❏ Press the power switch (located in the lower left-hand corner of the

analyzer’s front panel) to turn the analyzer on. See “Front Panel

Overview” on page 24.

NOTE The instrument requires >2 minutes to power-on.

Information Screen

An information screen appears during the initialization process. The information screen contains the analyzer product number and a URL for accessing product support information on the World Wide Web. See

“Additional Information” on page 2.

Installation and Setup

NOTE The information screen displays for approximately 10 seconds before

the initialization process is complete.

Record the firmware revision and serial number, and keep it for reference. If you should ever need to call Agilent Technologies for service or with any questions regarding your analyzer, it will be helpful to have this information readily available. You can also obtain the firmware revision and serial number by pressing

System.

Chapter 1 13

System, More, Show

Installation and Setup

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

❏ If using LAN, set the IP address of the analyzer to an appropriate

number for your network; one that the network recognizes, but that is not yet in use. (Consult your local IT group):

— Press System, Config I/O, and note the IP address.

— If the current address is not appropriate, press IP Address and use

the keypad to change it.

— Connect the LAN cable to the LAN connector located on the rear

panel of your analyzer (see “Rear-Panel Features” on page 29).

— Cycle the analyzer power.

NOTE It is necessary to cycle the power to the analyzer after plugging in the

LAN for the analyzer to recognize the network.

❏ Allow the spectrum analyzer to warm-up for 30 minutes before

making a calibrated measurement. To meet its specifications, the analyzer must meet operating temperature conditions.

Installation and Setup

NOTE It is normal to hear clicking when the Auto Alignment function is on.

See “Running Internal Alignments” on page 17 for more information.

Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory?

Many measurement personality options are available for use with this instrument. If the option is loaded in the instrument, you must also have a license key entered, to use it.

Some versions of instrument hardware may not have enough memory to accommodate all the options that you have ordered. If this is the case you will need to swap the applications in/out of memory, as needed. It may also be possible to upgrade your hardware to have more memory. Contact your local sales/service office.

If Option 117 is Loaded in Memory

If you ordered Option 117, the Secure Memory Erase option was loaded into the memory of your instrument and licensed at the factory but not enabled. DO NOT enable this option until you have fully configured your instrument (set the removed options and licenses, and configured the power-up state you desire). After the security mode is enabled, the main Flash memory becomes read-only, rather than read/write memory. This makes it impossible to add or remove personalities or their license keys, or otherwise change the instrument’s configuration, unless you do a

System, Security, Secure Erase All procedure. This procedure will render

the instrument inoperable. You will then need to run the upgrade

System, Config I/O settings as needed, added or

14 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

procedure (on the Agilent Web site) to reinstall the firmware and completely reconfigure your instrument. Refer to “Managing Security” in Chapter 4 of the “User’s and Programmer’s Reference, Volume 1.”

When you are totally satisfied with the configuration of your PSA analyzer, enable the Secure Memory Erase option by pressing

Security, Security, Enabled

. The security mode will then be enabled the

System,

next time the analyzer’s power is cycled.

Using an External Reference

1. To use an external frequency reference, connect it to the

EXT REF IN connector on the rear panel (see “Rear-Panel

Features” on page 29).

2. Enter the frequency of the external reference into the analyzer:

a. Press System, Reference, Freq Ref b. Select the Ext function. c. Use the keypad to enter the frequency of the external frequency

reference.

Installation and Setup

Chapter 1 15

Installation and Setup

Firmware Revision

To view the firmware revision of your analyzer, press System, More,

Show System. If you call Agilent Technologies regarding your analyzer,

it is helpful to have this revision and the analyzer serial number available.

TIP You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases

and other product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies Test & Measurement E-Mail Notification Service for the

PSA and ESA Series at http://www.agilent.com/find/notifyme

Installation and Setup

16 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Running Internal Alignments

Each time the analyzer is powered on, the internal alignment routine runs automatically.

The analyzer was shipped from the factory with the Alignments mode set to Auto. This setting enables the alignment routine to run automatically either every 24 hours, or when the internal analyzer temperature changes ±3°C.

NOTE When the Alignment routine runs, you will hear the attenuator settings

changing, which generates noise. This is not an indication of trouble.

Manually Performing an Alignment

Auto Align, Off is selected, refer to the Specifications guide for the

conditions required to maintain calibration.

NOTE For detailed information regarding the alignment routine (including

how to run alignments, and how the analyzer can alert you when alignments are required) refer to the User’s guide for your analyzer.

Installation and Setup

Chapter 1 17

Installation and Setup

Printer Setup and Operation

A printer can be connected to your analyzer if it is equipped with an external I/O interface. Supported printers accept Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language Level 3 (PCL3) or 5 (PCL5). Refer to the documentation or specifications supplied with your printer, or contact the manufacturer to identify your printer’s language.

Equipment

• IEEE 1284 compliant printer cable.

• Supported and tested printers are listed below. Note that there are

many PCL3/5 printers that may work with your analyzer, however, they have not been tested.

— PCL3 printers include most HP DeskJet printers.

— PCL5 printers include most HP LaserJet printers.

Installation and Setup

NOTE The following printers are not compatible with your analyzer.

• HP Deskjet 720C, 722C, 820C and 1600C

• Epson MX-80, FX-85, Stylus, and LQ-570

Printer Models Language

Type

HP DeskJet 310, 320, 350C, 400L PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 500C, 550C, 600, 660C, 672C, 680C, 682C, 690C, 693C

HP DeskJet 840C, 850C, 870C, 890C, 895C PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 935C, 970C, 990C PCL3 yes

HP DeskJet 1120C, 1150C PCL3 yes

HP Inkjet 2000C PCL 3 yes

HP LaserJet 4L, 4P, 4 Plus PCL3/5 no

HP LaserJet 5L, 5M, 5N, 5P, 5SI PCL3/5 no

PCL3 yes

Color

Capable

HP LaserJet 6L, 6MP, 6P PCL5 no

HP LaserJet 2100 Series, PCL3/5 no

HP LaserJet 4050N PCL3/5 yes

HP LaserJet 5000GN PCL3/5 yes

HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes

18 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Printer Setup and Operation

Printer Models Language

Type

HP Professional Series 2500CM PCL3 yes

Color

Capable

Installation and Setup

Chapter 1 19

Installation and Setup

Printer Setup and Operation

Interconnection and Setup

1. Turn off the printer and the analyzer.

2. Using an IEEE 1284 compliant parallel printer cable, connect the

printer to the analyzer parallel I/O interface connector on the rear panel (see “Rear-Panel Features” on page 29).

3. Turn on the analyzer and printer.

4. On the front panel, press Print Setup, then press the Printer Setup

menu key.

5. Select the printer language and color capability appropriate for your

printer. See table above this section for a list of some compatible printers.

Testing Printer Operation

When you have completed the printer setup for the analyzer, press the front panel

Installation and Setup

successful, a printout of the analyzer display will be printed. If the

Print key. If the printer is ready and the printer setup was

printer is not ready, the message “Printer not responding” appears at the bottom of the screen.

NOTE There may be some small discrepancies in the color mapping of the

analyzer display to your color printer. Due to differences in display and printer technologies, the default display colors do not map exactly to the printer colors. For example trace 1 is yellow on your analyzer display while it maps to green on your printer.

20 Chapter 1

Installation and Setup

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components (the possibility of unseen damage caused by ESD is present whenever components are transported, stored, or used).

Test Equipment and ESD

To help reduce ESD damage that can occur while using test equipment:

• Before connecting any coaxial cable to an analyzer connector for the

first time each day, momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable together.

• Personnel should be grounded with a 1 MΩ resistor-isolated

wrist-strap before touching the center pin of any connector and before removing any assembly from the analyzer.

• Be sure that all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent

build-up of static charge.

WAR NING Do not use these first three techniques when working on

circuitry with a voltage potential greater than 500 volts.

• Perform work on all components or assemblies at a static-safe

workstation.

• Keep static-generating materials at least one meter away from all

components.

• Store or transport components in static-shielding containers.

• Always handle printed circuit board assemblies by the edges. This

reduces the possibility of ESD damage to components and prevent contamination of exposed plating.

Installation and Setup

For information on ordering static-safe accessories, see “Accessories” on page 71.

Additional Information about ESD

For more information about ESD and how to prevent ESD damage, contact the Electrostatic Discharge Association (http://www.esda.org). The ESD standards developed by this agency are sanctioned by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Chapter 1 21

Installation and Setup

Safety Information

WAR NING This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective

earthing ground incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall be inserted only in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of the protective conductor inside or outside of the product is likely to make the product dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.

If this product is not used as specified, the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired. This product must be used in a normal condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.

Installation and Setup

22 Chapter 1

2 Front and Rear Panel Features

This chapter gives you an overview of the front and rear panels of your analyzer. For details on analyzer keys and remote programming, refer to the User’s and Programmer’s Reference. For connector specifications (including input/output levels), see the Specifications guide.

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

This section provides information on the analyzer’s front panel, including:

• Front Panel Connectors and Keys, see below

• “Display Annotations” on page 26

Front-Panel Connectors and Keys

Item

Description

Front and Rear Panel Features

# Name

AUDIO I NPU T High-impedance input for audio signal path (Option 107). Maximum input: 7 Vrms,

20 Vdc

Softkeys Menu labels identifying the current function of each softkey appear to the left of each

key. Softkey menus dependent on the active menu. Also see “Using Menu Keys” on page

37.

ESC Key Exits any function without modifying the current parameters. Also blanks the active

function annotation and aborts the power-on alignments.

Control Keys Set parameters used for making measurements in the current measurement mode.

Measure Keys Select and set up specific measurements within the current application.

Mode Keys Select measurement mode and mode parameters.

24 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Item

Description

# Name

7 System Keys Access features used with all analyzer modes and affect the state of the entire spectrum

analyzer.

8 Vol. Control/

Earphones

PROBE PWR Supplies power for external high frequency probes and accessories (see “Accessories” on

Not currently implemented.

page 71).

Marker Keys Enable markers to obtain specific information about the displayed measurement.

EXT TRIGGER

INPUT

POWER ON/OFF

Enables you to externally trigger measurements.

Turns the analyzer on. A green light indicates power on. A yellow light indicates standby mode.

NOTE The front-panel switch is a standby switch, not a LINE switch

(disconnecting device); the analyzer continues to draw power even when the line switch is in standby. Use the detachable power cord to disconnect the analyzer from the mains supply.

Help Key Press the Help key, then any other key to get a short description of that key and the

associated SCPI command. The next key you press will remove the help window from the display.

Window Keys Next Window: On displays with multiple windows, changes the highlighted window that

is currently active.

Zoom: Zooms in on the highlighted window.

Front and Rear Panel Features

Navigation Keys

Return Key Exits the current menu and returns to the previous menu.

Data Controls Change the numeric value of an active function. Entries appear in the active function

Move cursor between fields on the display.

area of the display. Also see “Entering Data” on page 37.

Floppy

Disk Drive

RF Input Input for an external signal. Make sure that the total power of all signals at the

Accepts a 3.5 inch 1.44 MB floppy disk.

analyzer input does not exceed +30 dBm (1 watt). The E4446A, E4447A, and E4448A input connector is 2.4 mm.

20 IF Input, 1st

LO Output

Allows connections for external mixing (Option AYZ)

Chapter 2 25

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Display Annotations

Ite

Detector type

Front and Rear Panel Features

2 Reference level Amplitude, Ref Level

3 Active function block Refer to the description of the activated function.

4 Screen title

5 Time and date display System, Time/Date

RF attenuation

7 Display line Display, Display Line

8Marker Marker

9 Active marker Marker

10 Active marker frequency and

amplitude

Description Associated Function Keys

Det/Demod, Detector

Display, Title

Amplitude, Attenuation

Marker

26 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Ite

Description Associated Function Keys

11 Data invalid indicator Asterisk (*) means some or all trace data may not match

annotation due to possible analyzer setting changes.

12 Status message area Displays status messages (see “Types of Spectrum

Analyzer Messages” on page 77).

13 Key menu title Dependent on menu selection.

14 Softkey menu Softkey labels

15 Frequency span or stop frequency

Sweep time

Video bandwidth

Span or Frequency, Stop Freq

Sweep, Sweep Time

BW, Video BW

18 Frequency offset Frequency, Freq Offset

19 Display status line Displays informational and error messages (see “Types of

Spectrum Analyzer Messages” on page 77).

Resolution bandwidth

BW, Res BW

21 Center frequency or start frequency Frequency, Center Freq or Start Freq

22 Internal preamp Amplitude, Int Preamp

23 Auto alignment routine status System, Alignments, Auto align

(If auto alignment is off, no indicator appears)

AA: auto alignment of all analyzer parameters.

24 Trigger or Tra ce

Tri g or Trace/Avg

Trigger & sweep modes:

F: free-run trigger X: external (front) trigger R: external (rear) trigger L: line trigger V: video trigger C: continuous sweep S: single sweep

Average

Trace/Avg, Average: The

number shown indicates current average number.

26 Display line annotation

Display, Display Line

27 Amplitude offset Amplitude, Ref Lvl Offst

Front and Rear Panel Features

AL: analyzer alerts you when alignment is needed.

Trac e mo des :

W: clear-write S: store blank m: minimum hold M: maximum hold V: view 1: trace 1 2: trace 2 3: trace 3

VAvg: voltage average LgAv: log power average PAvg power average

28 Amplitude scale Amplitude, Scale Type or Amplitude, Scale/Div

Chapter 2 27

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Ite

Phase noise optimization

Sweep type

31 Signal track

Could also be CP (Continuous Peak)

Description Associated Function Keys

Auto Couple, PhNoise Opt

Phase noise can be optimized for:

f<50k: frequencies less than 50 kHz from carrier. f>50k: frequencies greater than 50 kHz from carrier. FTun: LO for fast tuning.

Sweep, Sweep Type

Frequency, Signal Track

Peak Search

, Continuous Pk

1. This function can be auto-coupled. A pound (#) symbol in front of this annotation

indicates an uncoupled function.

Front and Rear Panel Features

28 Chapter 2

Rear-Panel Features

Front and Rear Panel Features

Rear-Panel Features

Item Description

# Name

1 NOISE SOURCE

DRIVE OUT +28 V (PULSED)

2 PRESEL TUNE

OUT

10 MHz OUT (SWITCHED)

EXT REF IN Input for a 1 to 30 MHz external frequency reference signal.

321.4 MHz IF Out

TRIGGER 1 OUT A trigger output used to synchronize other test equipment with the analyzer. Trigger

Provides 28 V to drive a noise source. Used on Option 219 Noise Figure personality.

Outputs tuning voltage for preselected harmonic mixer.

A switched output of the analyzer’s internal 10 MHz frequency reference signal used to lock the frequency reference of other test equipment to the analyzer.

Provides 321.4 MHz IF output. Not available on E4447A.

1 is the High=Sweeping (HSWP) signal.

TRIGGER 2 IN Allows external triggering of measurements.

VIDEO OUT Provides a y-axis video out signal. Note that this signal is not available when gating

is being used. (Option 124)

21.4 MHz IF OUT Provides 21.4 MHz IF output. (Option HB2) Not available on E4447A.

Front and Rear Panel Features

USB Port Provides USB interface (Option 111). USB device side I/O only.

Chapter 2 29

Front and Rear Panel Features

Rear-Panel Features

Item Description

# Name

11 KYBD Enables connection of an external PS-2 keyboard using a 6-pin mini-DIN connector.

Always turn off power before plugging in keyboard.

This feature not fully implemented. Currently used only for firmware upgrades.

12 Line power

input

GPIB Allows the connection of a General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB, IEEE 488.1) cable,

The AC power connection. Also see “Power Requirements” on page 5.

which enables remote analyzer operation.

LAN A TCP/IP Interface.

Also see “Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time” on page 11 for information on setting the IP address.

For information on using the analyzer remotely, refer to the User’s/Programmer’s Guide.

TRIGGER 2 OUT A trigger output used to synchronize other test equipment with the analyzer.

Reserved for future applications.

PARALLEL Supports remote printing (Printing is supported only from the parallel port).

70 MHZ IF OUT Provides 70 MHz IF output (Option H70). Not available on E4447A.

Other IF output options may occupy this rear-panel location.

18 MONITOR Allows connection of an external VGA monitor.

RS-232 Allows connection of a PC, printer, or modem.

This feature is not fully implemented.

HNQ IN H7L IN H70 IN

These features are only available when special options are installed.

Requires a BNC jumper cable from the rear-panel “321.4 MHz IF Out” to one of these inputs, depending on the option. Not available on E4447A.

Front and Rear Panel Features

30 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Key Overview

The keys labeled FREQUENCY Channel, System, and Marker are all examples of front-panel keys. The front-panel keys are dark gray, light gray, green, or white in color. Front-panel keys that are white perform an immediate action rather than bringing up a menu. The only green key is the all front panel keys and their related menu keys can be found in user’s guide for your analyzer). Pressing most of the dark or light gray front-panel keys accesses menus of functions that are displayed along the right side of the display. These are called menu keys.

Menu keys list functions other than those accessed directly by the front panel keys. To activate a menu key function, press the key immediately to the right of the annotation on the screen. The menu keys that are displayed depend on which front-panel key is pressed and which menu level is enabled.

If a menu key function’s value can be changed, it is called an active function. The function label of the active function is highlighted after that key has been selected. For example, press calls up the menu of related amplitude functions. Note the function labeled highlighted. indicating that it is the active amplitude function and can now be changed using any of the data entry controls.

Preset key, which performs an analyzer reset (A summary of

AMPLITUDE Y Scale. This

Ref Level (the default selected key in the Amplitude menu) is

Ref Level also appears in the active function block,

Front and Rear Panel Features

A menu key with On and Off in its label can be used to turn the menu key’s function on or off. To turn the function on, press the menu key so that On is underlined. To turn the function off, press the menu key so that Off is underlined. In the manual, when On should be underlined, it will be indicated as

Function (On).

A function with Auto and Man in the label can either be auto-coupled or have its value manually changed. The value of the function can be changed manually using the numeric keypad, knob, or step keys. To auto-couple a function, press the menu key so that Auto is underlined.

In some key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key has been selected. For example, when you press

Marker, you

will access a menu of keys in which some of the keys are grouped together by a blue bar on the left side of the menu. The which is the

Marker menu default key, will be highlighted. When you

press another key within the blue bar region, such as

Normal key,

Delta, the

highlight will move to that key to show it has been selected.

Chapter 2 31

Front and Rear Panel Features

Key Overview

In other key menus, one key label will always be highlighted to show which key has been selected but the menu is immediately exited when a selection is made. For example, when you press the the

Print Setup menu), it will bring up its own menu of keys. The Portrait

Orientation key (on

key, which is the Orientation menu default key, will be highlighted. When you press the to show it has been selected and the screen will return to the

Landscape key, the highlight will move to that key

Print Setup

menu.

The arrow keys located below the analyzer display (sometimes referred to as Tab keys) can be used to navigate within tables, for example the Limit-Line table. These keys are used to move between rows. The Left-arrow key moves up, while the right-arrow key moves down. While navigating through the table, the cursor (inverse video highlight) stays in the same column. Navigating left or right in the table is accomplished by choosing the desired field using the front-panel keys.

Front and Rear Panel Features

32 Chapter 2

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

This symbol is used to indicate power ON (green LED).

This symbol is used to indicate power STANDBY mode

(yellow LED).

This symbol is used to indicate the ON position of the

power button.

This symbol is used to indicate the OFF position of the

power button.

This symbol indicates the input power required is AC.

The instruction documentation symbol. The product is

marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to instructions in the documentation.

The CE mark is a registered trademark of the

European Community.

The C-Tick mark is a registered trademark of the

Australian Spectrum Management Agency.

This is a marking of an Industrial Scientific and

Medical Group 1 Class A product, and to indicate product compliance with the Canadian Interference-Causing Equipment Standard (ICES-001).

The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the

Canadian Standards Association.

This product complies with the WEEE Directive

(2002/96/EC) marking requirements. The affixed label indicates that you must not discard this electrical/ electronic product in domestic household waste.

Product Category: With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE Directive Annex I, this product is classed as a “Monitoring and Control instrumentation” product.

Front and Rear Panel Features

Do not dispose in domestic household waste.

To return unwanted products, contact your local Agilent office, or see http://www.agilent.com/environment/product/ for

Chapter 2 33

Front and Rear Panel Features

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

more information.

Front and Rear Panel Features

34 Chapter 2

3 Making a Basic Measurement

This chapter provides information on basic analyzer operation. For more information on making measurements, see the measurement guide for your analyzer.

Making a Basic Measurement

This chapter is divided into the following sections:

• “Using the Front Panel” on page 37

• “Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer” on page 39

• “Viewing a Signal” on page 40

CAUTION Ensure that the total power of all signals at the analyzer RF input does

not exceed +33 dBm (2 watts).

Basic Assumption

The material in this chapter is presented with the assumption that you understand the front and rear panel layout, and display annotations of your analyzer. If you do not, refer to “Front and Rear Panel Features” on page 23.

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

Making a Basic Measurement

36 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel

Entering Data

When setting measurement parameters, there are several ways to enter or modify the value of the active function:

Knob Increments or decrements the current value.

Arrow Keys Increments or decrements the current value.

Numeric Keypad

Unit Softkeys Terminate a value that requires a unit-of-measurement.

Enter Key Terminates an entry when either no unit of measure is needed,

Enters a specific value. Then press the desired terminator (either a unit softkey, or the

or you want to use the default unit.

Enter key).

Using Menu Keys

Menu Keys (which appear along the right side of the display) provide access to many analyzer functions. Here are examples of menu key types:

Toggle Allows you to activate/deactivate states.

Exampl e:

Submenu Displays a new menu of softkeys.

Exampl e:

Choice Allows you to make a selection from a list of values.

Signal Track

On Off

Catalog

Toggles the selection (underlined choice) each time you press the key.

A submenu key allows you to view a new menu of softkeys related to the submenu key category.

Exampl e:

Adjust Highlights the softkey and sets the active function.

Exampl es:

Y Axis Units

dBm

CF Step

13.2550000 GHz

A choice key displays the currently selected submenu choice, in this example, dBm. When the choice is made, the submenu automatically returns.

Press this type of key and enter a value.

Chapter 3 37

Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel

Attenuation

10.00 dB

Auto Man

The default for softkeys with an automatic (Auto) or manual (Man) choice is automatic. After you enter a value, the selection changes to manual. You can also press the softkey twice to change to manual.

Making a Basic Measurement

38 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer

Preset provides a known starting point for making measurements. The analyzer has three types of preset:

Factory Preset Restores the analyzer to its factory-defined state.

User Preset Restores the analyzer to a user-defined state.

Mode Preset This type of preset restores the currently selected mode

to a known state.

For details, see the User’s/Programmer’s manual.

When triggers a factory preset. When

Preset displays the softkeys Factory Preset, User Preset, and Mode Preset

(if applicable); you then select the preset you want. If to

Preset Type is set to Factory, pressing the green Preset key

Preset Type is set to User, pressing

Preset Type is set

Mode, but a personality is not installed, pressing Preset triggers a

factory preset.

Creating a User Preset

If you constantly use settings which are not the factory defaults, use the following steps to create a user-defined preset:

1. Set analyzer parameters as desired.

2. Press System, Power On/Preset, Save User Preset to set the current

parameters as the user preset state.

3. Press Preset to select User in the same softkey menu to enable user

preset as an option.

Disabling User Preset

Go to the Power On/Preset menu (press select a

Preset Type of Factory or Mode.

System, Power On/Preset) and

Chapter 3 39

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

1. Press Preset. If the softkeys Factory Preset and User Preset appear,

select

2. Press System, Reference, then note the 10 MHz Out setting. If Off is

active (underlined), press the softkey to toggle the reference on.

3. Connect the analyzer’s rear panel 10 MHz OUT (SWITCHED) to the

front-panel input.

Setting Reference Level and Center Frequency

NOTE The display examples in this section are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

4. Set the reference level to 10 dBm: Press AMPLITUDE, 10, dBm.

5. Set the center frequency to 30 MHz: Press FREQUENCY, Center

Freq

Factory Preset.

, 30, MHz.

The 10 MHz reference signal spectrum appears on the display, as shown in Figure 3-1.

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

Making a Basic Measurement

40 Chapter 3

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-1 10 MHz Internal Reference Signal and Associated Spectrum

10 MHz Peak

Setting Frequency Span

6. Set the frequency span to 50 MHz: Press SPAN, 5, 0, MHz.

This displays the signal as shown in Figure 3-2.

Making a Basic Measurement

Chapter 3 41

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-2 Span Changed to 50 MHz

10 MHz Peak

Reading Frequency & Amplitude

7. Place a marker (labeled 1) on the 10 MHz peak, as shown

in Figure 3-3.

Press

Peak Search.

Note that the frequency and amplitude of the marker appear both in the active function block, and in the upper-right corner of the screen. You can use the knob, the arrow keys, or the softkeys in the Peak Search menu to move the marker. Pressing

Esc removes the value

from the display.

8. If you have moved the marker, return it to the peak of the 10 MHz

signal.

Changing Reference Level

9. Press AMPLITUDE, and note that reference level (Ref Level) is now

the active function. Press

Marker ➞, Mkr ➞ Ref Lvl.

Note that changing the reference level changes the amplitude value of the top graticule line.

Figure 3-4 shows the relationship between center frequency and

reference level. The box represents the analyzer display. Changing the center frequency changes the horizontal placement of the signal on the display. Changing the reference level changes the vertical placement of the signal on the display. Increasing the span increases the frequency range that appears horizontally across the display.

Making a Basic Measurement

42 Chapter 3

Figure 3-3 A Marker on the 10 MHz Peak

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Marker AnnotationActive function block

Figure 3-4 Relationship Between Frequency and Amplitude

Making a Basic Measurement

Chapter 3 43

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Improving Frequency Accuracy

10. While not all of the zeros following the decimal in the active function

block are significant, the numbers after the decimal in the marker annotation (upper-right corner of screen) are significant. To increase the accuracy of the frequency reading in the marker annotation, turn on the frequency count function.

a. Press Mkr Fctn.

• The Marker Fctn softkeys appear.

b. Press Marker Count.

• The Marker Count softkeys appear.

Note softkey

Marker Count On Off. If Off is underlined, press the

softkey to toggle marker count on.

As shown in Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6:

• The marker annotation changes from Mkr1 to Cntr1.

• The displayed resolution in the marker annotation improves.

NOTE When you use the frequency count function, if the ratio of the resolution

bandwidth to the span is less than 0.002, the following message appears on the display: Freq Count: Reduce Span/RBW ratio

This indicates that the resolution bandwidth is too narrow.

11. Press Marker ➞, Mkr ➞ CF to move the 10 MHz peak to the center of the

display

Valid Marker Count Range

12. Move the marker down the skirt of the 10 MHz peak. Note that

although the readout in the active function changes, as long as the marker is at least 26 dB above the noise, the counted value (upper-right corner of display) does not change (see Figure 3-6). For an accurate count, the marker does not have to be at the exact peak.

NOTE Marker count functions properly only on CW signals or discrete peaks.

For a valid reading, the marker must be ≥26 dB above the noise.

13. Press BW/Avg, Res BW, then enter a new value. This action makes

the resolution bandwidth the active function and allows you to experiment with different resolution bandwidth (RBW) values.

14. Press Marker, Off to turn the marker off.

NOTE After properly setting the analyzer to display your signal, you can save

the settings as either a user preset (press

Making a Basic Measurement

44 Chapter 3

System, Power On/Preset, Save

User Preset), or a file (see “Saving a File” on page 53).

Figure 3-5 Increasing Marker Frequency Accuracy

Frequency Count

increases accuracy

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Chapter 3 45

Making a Basic Measurement

Viewing a Signal

Figure 3-6 Using Marker Counter

Making a Basic Measurement

46 Chapter 3

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

4 Viewing Catalogs and Saving

Files

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

The analyzer stores and retrieves data similarly to the way that a personal computer (PC) does: both have internal storage and a floppy disk drive. While a PC has an internal drive, the analyzer’s internal storage is nonvolatile (flash) memory, which acts as an internal drive. As with a PC, both the internal storage and the floppy disk drive have directory and sub-directory capability.

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

This chapter tells you how to:

• locate catalogs and view files, on page 49.

• save a file, on page 53.

For more information on catalogs and files, see the Measurement/Programming Examples.

48 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

This chapter describes how to use the functions located under the front-panel that of personal computers (PCs). Like PCs, these analyzers include an internal storage drive and a floppy disk drive, both of which have directory and sub-directory capability.

You will learn how to do all of the following:

• locate and view files in the catalog

• save a file

• load a file

• rename a file

• copy a file

• delete a file

File key. Data storage and retrieval are handled similarly to

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

NOTE The display examples in this book are made using various analyzer

models, you may see some variations depending upon your analyzer.

Locating and viewing files in the catalog

Techniques for locating files and directories are consistent throughout the various file menu functions. Although this section provides specific information about navigation in the catalog, you may wish to refer back to this section when performing other operations of the file menu.

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported

into other applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications, for example Microsoft® Word or Microsoft® Excel, be sure to save your files as .gif or .wmf formats using Comma separated value (csv) files can also be imported into Microsoft® Excel.

Screen for your file Type.

Chapter 4 49

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

Press File, Catalog to bring up a screen display as shown in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1 Catalog Menu

NOTE Use the front-panel Step Keys or Knob and the Dir Up or Dir Select keys

to move up and down within the directory information box.

1. The entry fields show the parameters for the files viewed. Entry

fields that are being modified or are modifiable are indicated by highlighting (inverse video). Each file menu function has its own unique set of entry fields pertaining to that function. Below are the fields listed under the catalog key:

a. Name: field states the filename.

b. Show Type: field displays the type of files viewed.

c. Path: field displays the drive and directory location of the files.

2. The directory information box displays the drives, directories, and/or

files currently described in the entry fields. Highlighting a row of information selects that location and updates the entry fields. There are four column headings in this area of the display. They are described as follows:

a. Name: column states the drive ([-A-] or [-C-]) if at the top level

50 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

on the drive, directory name, or filename.

b. Type: column displays the extension of the filename, for example,

.STA or .TRC. Directories are displayed as DIR and drives have nothing listed under Type:. They are only designated by the Name: column ([-A-] or [-C-]).

c. Size: column displays the size of the file in bytes.

d. Modified: column displays the date and time the last change

occurred.

3. The softkey menu has four options:

a. Typ e: allows you to choose the type of file you wish to view. (You

may view all types by using the

All key under Type. )

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

b. Sort

: Under the Sort key, you can sort by any of the four columns

and you can choose up (ascending) or down (descending).

c. Dir Up: moves you up one directory level. If you are already at the

top level, this key moves you up to the drive level, displaying the available disk drives.

d. Dir Select: moves you down into the highlighted directory or up

into the next level (directory or drive) if the “. .” under the Name: column is highlighted.

NOTE Navigation keys: Use the front-panel Step Keys or Knob and the Dir Up

or Dir Select keys to move around in the directory information box.

4. The drive space line shows the number of bytes used on the drive

and the number of bytes still free on the drive.

Creating a directory

Directories and sub-directories can be created on both the A: floppy disk and the internal C: drive. This allows maximum flexibility in organizing files. For this example, we will create a directory on the C: drive.

1. Press File, More 1 of 2, Create Dir. Your screen should look similar to

Figure 4-1, except the entry fields will be Dir Name: and Path: and the Heading will read: Directories.

2. Navigate through the file system until the Path: field displays C:\.

(Use the Step Keys, Knob, Dir Up, and/or Dir Select keys.)

3. Press Name and enter the name, “START” using the Alpha Editor.

(The numeric keypad is also available for the filename.) Press

Enter

(hardkey) when the Dir Name: field contains this directory title. (Use the

4. Press Create Dir Now to execute the operation. The message:

Chapter 4 51

Bk Sp hardkey on the front panel to make corrections.)

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

Creating Directory appears on the screen. Then the status bar displays: Directory C:\START created.

5. To make a sub- d irect o ry, scroll down to the START directory you just

created and press

Dir Select. The Path: field should now read:

C:\START\. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 above, using a new name. The status bar now should read: Directory C:\START\new name created.

52 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

You can save files (setups, states, traces, limits, corrections, measurement results, or screens) to a floppy disk (A:\), or the internal drive (C:\). In this example you will save a trace to the internal C: drive.

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported

Step 1. Set up the analyzer trace

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

1. Perform a factory preset by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if

present).

2. Turn on the internal 50 MHz alignment signal of the analyzer as

follows:

• Press Input/Output, Input Port, Amptd Ref.

3. Set the center frequency to 50 MHz by pressing press FREQUENCY,

Center Freq, 50, MHz.

4. Set the span to 75 MHz by pressing SPAN, Span, 75, MHz. The

reference signal will appear on the display.

5. View trace 1 and put it into maximum hold by pressing View/Trace,

Max Hold. (Trace 1 should already by underlined, but if not, press Trace 1 2 3 until 1 is underlined and then press Max Hold.) Your

analyzer display should look similar to Figure 4-3.

Chapter 4 53

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Figure 4-2 Viewing Trace 1

6. Activate trace 2 and put it into minimum hold by pressing Trace (2), Min Hold. Your analyzer display should look similar to Figure 4-4.

Figure 4-3 Viewing Traces 1 and 2

7. Activate trace 3 by pressing Trace (3), Clear Write. Your analyzer

display should look similar to Figure 4-5.

54 Chapter 4

Figure 4-4 Viewing Traces 1, 2, and 3

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Step 2. Save the file

1. To access the Save menu, press, File, Save.

2. Select the type of file you want to save. In this example you are

saving a trace; press

NOTE Trace files are not bitmap files. Files saved as Trace cannot be imported

into other applications or converted. If you require the use of other applications, for example Microsoft® Word or Microsoft® Excel, be sure to save your files as .gif or .wmf formats using file

Type. Comma separated value (csv) files can also be imported

into Microsoft® Excel.

3. Select the trace you wish to save (1, 2, 3, or all traces). In this

example you will save trace 3; press

4. Select the format you wish to use for saving the trace, either trace

plus state (

Trac e + S tate ) or comma separated value (CSV). In this

example you will save as trace plus state; press

5. Enter a filename by pressing Name. The Alpha Editor appears. For

this example you will name the file, “TEST1”. (The numeric keypad is also available for the filename.) Note that the file extension is always set by the system and for this file type the extension is TRC. You must now press the menu.

Type, Tra ce.

Screen for your

Source (softkey), Trace 3.

Format, Trace + State.

Enter (hardkey) to get back to the Save

Chapter 4 55

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

NOTE You need to use a filename that does not already exist in the current

directory. The filename is limited to eight characters, alpha (A-Z) or numeric (0-9) in any combination. The analyzer will not allow you to overwrite an existing file. If you select a filename that already exists, the status bar will display the message: File already exists. If you do not choose a filename, the analyzer will automatically generate a name based on the type of file you are saving (Setup: SETUP, State: STATE, Trace: TRACE, Limits: LIMIT, Corrections: COREC, Screen: SCREN). It also generates a three digit integer (starting at 000 and extending through 999, remembering the previously saved value through a power cycle) which it adds to the name, for example: TRACE056.TRC. Also note that this three digit integer increments upon each attempted save until a unique filename is created, without regard to the success of the save.

6. The destination for the saved file is shown in the Path: field. In this

example, you will select the path as C:\START\. If the correct location is not listed in the Path: field, change directories as follows:

a. Press Dir Up or Dir Select and use the step keys or knob, to

highlight the desired destination directory.

b. Press Dir Select and confirm your choice displayed in the Path:

field.

7. Press Save Now or Save (hardkey) to save the file to the C:\Start\

location. The message Saving Now is displayed during this operation. For this example, the status line displays: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file saved.

NOTE When saving to drive (A:), never remove the floppy disk during the save

operation. To do so could corrupt all data on the floppy disk.

56 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Loading a file

1. Reset the analyzer by pressing Preset, Factory Preset (if present).

2. To access the Load menu, press File, Load.

3. Select the type of file you want to load (setup, state, trace, limits, or

corrections). In this example you are loading a trace file; press

Trac e

NOTE Not all file types can be loaded back into the analyzer. For example,

Screen files and CSV (comma separated value) files cannot be loaded. CSV and Screen files are designed for use with a PC.

4. Select the directory where your file is located. In this example, select

the C:\START\ directory. (Use the front-panel step keys, knob, and/or

Dir Select keys to locate the directory.)

Type,

Dir Up,

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

5. Select the file you want to load into the analyzer by moving the

cursor with the front-panel knob to highlight the file name. In this example the file is TEST1.TRC. Select the trace into which you wish to load the file. In this example, load it into Trace 2. (

Trace 2).

6. Press Load Now to load the specified file. Your display should look

similar to Figure 4-6. The status bar reads: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file loaded.

Figure 4-5 File Loaded

Destination,

Chapter 4 57

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

NOTE You should notice that the trace you saved, in this example trace 3, is

loaded to trace 2. If you wish to verify this condition, remove the signal input. Press

Input/Output, Input Port, Amptd Ref (Off).

Note that when a trace is loaded, it is placed in view mode. To see that trace 2 is in view mode, blank traces 1 and 3 by pressing

View/Trace, Trace 1, Blank, Trace 3, Blank. Then press Trace 2. Notice

that trace 2 is the only trace displayed in view mode (the view key is selected, and the trace is not sweeping). Your display should look similar to Figure 4-7.

Figure 4-6 Verifying Trace 1

CAUTION When operating in dc coupled mode, ensure protection of the input

mixer by limiting the input level to 0 Vdc and +30 dBm.

NOTE When loading Limits files, be sure you have selected the appropriate

X Axis Units: frequency or time (

Units

). If you are in time X-Axis Units, and you load frequency limits,

Display, Limits, Properties, X Axis

all current limit line data will be erased and the analyzer will switch to the frequency domain. The reverse of the this situation also holds true.

58 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Renaming a File

1. To acce ss the Rename menu, press File, Rename.

2. Select the type of file you want to rename (setup, state, trace, limits,

screens, or corrections). In this example you are renaming a trace file; press

3. Select the drive and directory where your file is located. In this

example, choose drive C:\START.

4. Select the file you want to rename. In this example, choose the file

TEST1.TRC.

5. Press Name to open the Alpha Editor menu. For this example,

rename the file to RENAME using the Alpha Editor softkeys. (The Name: field is limited to eight characters.) Your display should look similar to Figure 4-8.

Type, Tr ace.

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

6. Press Enter, Rename Now: your file is now renamed and visible within

the directory displayed on your analyzer. The status line displays the message: C:\START\TEST1.TRC file renamed to C:\START\RENAME.TRC.

Figure 4-7 Renaming a File

Chapter 4 59

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

Copying a File

1. To access the Copy menu, press File, Copy. This menu function brings

up 2 directory boxes as described by the From: and To: fields located directly above the boxes. Refer to Figure 4-9.

Figure 4-8 Copy Menu

2. Put a formatted floppy in the A: drive.

3. Select the type of file you want to copy (setup, state, trace, limits,

screens, or corrections). In this example you are copying a trace file from the C: drive to the A: drive; press,

4. Press Dir (in the key menu) to underline From:. Notice the From:

Type, Tr ace.

field (just above the top directory box) highlights the location from which you will be copying. Using the navigation keys (

select

, step keys, or front panel knob), locate the C:\START\

Dir Up, Direct

directory.

5. Scroll to highlight the file displayed in the directory box from which

you wish to copy. In this example, you will need to highlight the file RENAME.

6. Press Dir (in the key menu) to underline To:. The To: field (just

above the bottom directory box) is highlighting the location to which you will be copying. Using the navigation keys as described above, highlight the A:\ drive.

NOTE When pressing Dir (To), the file chosen in the From: location is no longer

highlighted, however the Name: field above the From directory box

60 Chapter 4

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Saving a File

displays the chosen file; in this example: RENAME.TRC.

NOTE Highlighting a filename in the To: directory box has no significance.

The file cannot be placed inside another file.

7. Press Copy Now to execute the operation. The message: “Copying

file” is displayed during the copying process. Upon completion, the status bar reads: “C:\START\RENAME.TRC file copied”. You have now copied the file RENAME from the C: drive to the A: drive.

Deleting a File

1. To access the Delete menu, press File, Delete.

2. Select the type of file you want to delete (setup, state, trace, limits,

screens, or corrections). In this example, you are deleting a trace file; press

Typ e, Trace.

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

3. Select the drive and directory where the file you wish to delete is

located. In this example, choose C:\START\. Use the navigation keys

Dir Up, Dir Select, step keys, front panel knob) to highlight this

( location in the Path: field. (Refer to “Locating and viewing files in

the catalog” on page 49 for more instructions.)

4. Select the file you want to delete. In this example, choose the file

RENAME.TRC. Move the cursor with the navigation keys to highlight the file name.

5. Press Delete Now. The message: Deleting file pops up on the

display during the operation. Upon completion, the status bar reads: C:\START\RENAME.TRC file deleted. Your file is now deleted and is no longer visible in the directory displayed on your analyzer.

Chapter 4 61

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

Using the Alpha Editor

The Alpha Editor enables you to select letters to enter a name for a file or directory (

1. Use the More keys to display the softkey that lists the character you

want. Each softkey has several characters on it.

2. When you press a softkey, its characters are displayed on individual

softkeys.

3. Select the one you want.

4. Digits are entered using the front panel numeric key pad.

File, Rename, for example).

62 Chapter 4

Options and Accessories

5 Options and Accessories

This chapter lists options and accessories available for your analyzer.

Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories

Options and accessories help you configure the analyzer for your specific applications, and enable you to use the analyzer.

Options (see page 65)

Unless specified otherwise, all options are available when you order a spectrum analyzer; some options are also available as kits that you can order and install after you receive the analyzer. Order kits through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office.

For the latest information on Agilent Spectrum Analyzer options and upgrade kits, visit the following Internet URL:

http://www.agilent.com/find/sa_upgrades

Options and Accessories

Accessories (see page 71)

Order accessories through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office.

64 Chapter 5

Options

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

0B0

0B1

0BW

1CM

1CN Front Handle Kit Available as P/N 5063-9228.

1CP

1CR

1DS

Manual Set on CD-ROM

Only

Additional Manual Set An additional set of the standard documentation shipped with

Service Documentation The Service guide describes assembly-level troubleshooting

Rack Mount Kit Includes rack mount flanges and hardware. Used to rack mount

Rack Mount Kit with Handles

Rack Slide Kit Available as P/N E4406-60115. Rack slides allow the analyzer

Preamplifier An internal preamplifier assembly. Not required when Option

Name Description

The documentation CD-ROM contains the standard documentation set as well as Adobe Acrobat Reader with Search.

the analyzer. See “Initial Inspection” on page 7 for information about the standard documentation set.

procedures, provides a parts list, and documents post-repair procedures.

analyzers without front handles (available as P/N 5063-9215).

Includes the parts necessary to rack mount an analyzer with front handles attached (available as P/N 5063-9222). (Includes handles.)

to be pulled out while the analyzer is secured to the rack.

110 is installed.

Frequency Range: 100 kHz to 3 GHz

Options and Accessories

015

107

110

111

115

6 GHz Measurement Accessory Kit

Audio Input, 100 kΩ Audio signal analysis capability that works with the Option 233

RF/µW Internal Preamplifier

USB Device Side I/O Interface

512 Mb User Memory Provides additional memory to accommodate a greater number

Includes accessories necessary to set up return loss and loss/gain measurements. Used with Option 215.

Measuring Receiver System. Available in all models. Option 107 cannot be installed if Option 122 or 140 is installed. Requires Option 233.

An internal preamplifier assembly that covers all frequency bands. Available in all models. Option 110 cannot be installed if Option 1DS is installed.

Frequency Range: 100 kHz to 50 GHz

Provides a rear-panel USB interface connector (device side I/O only).

of applications. Available in all models. Option 115 cannot be installed if Option 117 is installed.

Chapter 5 65

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

Name Description

Secure Memory Erase Provides the ability to quickly and easily perform a security

117

erase, deleting all user-stored data, without affecting the useability of the analyzer. Option 117 cannot be installed if Option 115 is installed.

122

(E4440A, 43A, & 45A only)

80 MHz Bandwidth Digitizer

Adds an alternative 80 MHz wide IF path for making measurements. Cannot be installed if Option 107 is installed. Additional measurement accuracy can be achieved using the External Calibration Wizard Option 235, or with the 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer Application calibration. The 80 MHz functionality is available as part of the added Basic Mode. Basic Mode includes the measurements:

spectrum (frequency domain) waveform (time domain)

Switchable Preselector Bypass

Allows you to bypass the tuned filters at the input of the spectrum analyzer when making measurements in the 3 to 50 GHz range. This improves the sensitivity and increases

123

Options and Accessories

the available measurement dynamic range. However it allows the analyzers internal mixing products and image response signals to be visible on the display, in addition to the actual desired signal response. This option is available in all models. Option 123 cannot be installed if Option AYZ is installed.

Y-axis Video Output Provides a 0 to 1 V signal that corresponds to the bottom and

124

40 MHz Bandwidth

140

Digitizer

(E4440A,

43A, & 45A

only)

202 GSM with EDGE

Measurement Personality

top of the display graticule, respectively. The output voltage tracks the Y-axis position of the trace data while the analyzer is sweeping. (This output is similar to the 8566B Video Out.)

Adds an alternative 40 MHz wide IF path for making measurements. Cannot be installed if Option 107 is installed. The 40 MHz functionality is available as part of the added Basic Mode. Basic Mode includes the measurements:

spectrum (frequency domain) waveform (time domain)

General transmitter measurement:

transmit power

Provides GSM (GMSK modulation) transmitter measurements:

power vs. time phase and frequency error output RF spectrum transmit band spurs

Provides EDGE (8PSK modulation) transmitter measurements:

EVM power vs. time output RF spectrum transmit band spurs

Requires Option B7J hardware.

66 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

204 1xEV-DO Measurement

Personality

Name Description

Provides 1xEV transmitter measurements:

channel power ACPR intermodulation spectrum emission mask occupied BW code domain power (pilot) EVM (pilot) QPSK EVM power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hardware.

210 HSDPA/HSUPA

Measurement Personality

Provides High-Speed Downlink/Uplink Packet Access to support 16 QAM and modulation accuracy. Requires Option BAF.

Requires Option B7J hardware.

211 TD-SCDMA Measurement

Personality

Measures the power profile of TD SCDMA BTS and MS. Requires Option B78 measurement personality and Option B7J hardware.

214 1xEV-DV Supports 8 PSK and 16 QAM modulation analysis. Requires

Option B78. Includes measurements:

Composite Rho Code Domain tests

Requires Option B7J hardware.

Options and Accessories

215 External Source Control

Measurement Personality

217

(E4440A,

WLAN Measurement Personality

43A, & 45A only)

219 Noise Figure Measurement

Personality

226 Phase Noise Measurement

Personality

Adds external source control to the PSA analyzer for stimulus-response measurements.

Provides WLAN transmitter measurements for 802.11 a/b/g. Requires Option 122 or 140. Also requires Option 123 for center frequencies above 3 GHz.

Provides noise figure measurements:

Limit lines Loss compensation Extended frequency (measures up/down converters)

You need the preamp option: Option 1DS to have specified performance only below 3 GHz, or Option 110 to have specified performance over the entire frequency range.

Provides phase noise measurements:

Monitor spectrum Spot frequency Log plot

Chapter 5 67

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

233 Measuring Receiver

Personality and PC software

235

(E4440A, 43A, & 45A only)

241 Flexible Digital

80 MHz Digitizer External Calibration Wizard and License

Modulation Analysis

Options and Accessories

Name Description

This option allows you to use your PSA and an Agilent power meter as a measuring receiver system through the PSA user interface (UI). It also provides PC software, as an extension of the built-in measuring receiver personality, offering graphic and remote UI on an external PC. A sensor module to power meter adapter, N5532A Option 019, is required for use with N1911A/12A power meters. Option 233 is available in all models.

This calibration software runs on an external PC to generate a file of correction factors for PSAs with option 122. You get improved measurement accuracy using this correction file.

Provides flexible demodulating analysis for measuring many different formats of digital modulation, including:

MSK type 1 and type 2 EDGE QPSK and offset QPSK 8PSK BPSK DQPSK and Pi/4 DQPSK D8PSK QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 FSK 2, 4, 8 states

266 Programming Code

Compatibility Suite

422

(E4440A, 43A, & 45A only)

ANE

(E4440A,

43A, & 45A

only)

AYZ External Mixing Provides the ability to use the HP/Agilent 11970 Series

40 MHz to 80 MHz Bandwidth Digitizer Upgrade Kit

Enhanced Memory Upgrade

Lets you select one of three different modes that let you use a limited set of 8560 Series, 8566B/8568B, or 8590 Series programming commands. These modes let you control the PSA Series analyzers with code from other spectrum analyzer families. When these modes are enabled, the instruments native SCPI commands are disabled if the remote language selected is not SCPI.

Provides firmware and documentation necessary to upgrade from a 40 MHz IF option (140) to an 80 MHz IF option (122).

For early instruments, replaces existing 48 Mb with 64 Mb memory on CPU, providing additional memory for storing optional measurement personalities. The 64 Mb memory was shipped standard in all PSA instruments with serial numbers ≥ US/MY 42220000.

harmonic mixers, and HP/Agilent 11974 preselected harmonic mixers with the Agilent E4440A, E4446A, or E4448A analyzer to extend the frequency range to 110 GHz. Operation to 325 GHz is also possible with non-HP/Agilent mixers. Option AYZ cannot be installed if Option 123 is installed.

68 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

B78 cdma2000 Measurement

Personality

Name Description

Provides cdma2000 transmitter measurements:

channel power ACPR intermodulation spectrum emission mask occupied BW code domain power modulation accuracy (composite rho) QPSK EVM power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hardware.

B7J Digital Demod Hardware Adds 1 dB step, electronic attenuator in addition to the existing

manual attenuator. This is required for the personality options: BAC, BAE, BAF, B78, 202, 204, 210, and 214. This option also adds the functionality of Basic Mode, including the measurements:

spectrum (frequency domain) waveform (time domain)

BAB

(E4440A

APC 3.5 Input Connector Replaces the standard type-N female connector with an APC

3.5-mm male connector.

only

Options and Accessories

BAC cdmaOne Measurement

Personality

BAE NADC/PDC Measurement

Personality

BAF W-CDMA Measurement

Personality

Provides IS-95 and J-STD-008 transmitter measurements:

channel power modulation accuracy (rho) code domain power ACPR spur close

Requires Option B7J hardware.

Provides NADC transmitter measurements:

ACP EVM (error vector magnitude)

Provides PDC transmitter measurements:

ACP EVM (error vector magnitude) occupied BW

Requires Option B7J hardware.

Provides 3GPP W-CDMA transmitter measurements:

channel power ACPR (ACLR) intermodulation multi carrier power spectrum emission mask occupied BW code domain power modulation accuracy (composite EVM) QPSK EVM power statistics CCDF

Requires Option B7J hardware.

Chapter 5 69

Options and Accessories

Options

Option

Number

UK6

Commercial Calibration

with Test Data

R-51-001-3C3-Year Warranty Service

Support

Name Description

Provides the factory calibration test data and the standard

commercial calibration certificate at initial shipment.

1-year return-to-Agilent warranty extended to 3 years of

warranty service support. This adds a 2-year service contract to the base analyzer 1-year warranty.

R-52-001-3 Calibration Software

License

R-52-001-L Calibration Software

License

R-52-002-3 Calibration Software

License

R-52-002-L Calibration Software

License

3-year license Agilent inclusive calibration software for field-deployed calibration.

Perpetual license Agilent inclusive calibration software for field-deployed calibration.

3-year license ISO 17025 and ANSI Z540 calibration software for field-deployed calibration.

Perpetual license ISO 17025 and ANSI Z540 calibration software for field-deployed calibration.

1. Available only at time of purchase

Options and Accessories

70 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Accessories

A number of accessories are available from Agilent Technologies to help you configure your analyzer for your specific applications. They can be ordered through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office and are listed below.

50 Ohm Load

The Agilent 909 series of loads come in several models and options providing a variety of frequency ranges and VSWRs. Also, they are available in either 50 ohm or 75 Ohm. Some examples include the:

909A: DC to 18 GHz 909C: DC to 2 GHz 909D: DC to 26.5 GHz

50 Ohm/75 Ohm Minimum Loss Pad

The HP/Agilent 11852B is a low VSWR minimum loss pad that allows you to make measurements on 75 Ohm devices using an analyzer with a 50 Ohm input. It is effective over a frequency range of dc to 2 GHz.

AC Probe

The Agilent 85024A high frequency probe performs in-circuit measurements without adversely loading the circuit under test. The probe has an input capacitance of 0.7 pF shunted by 1 MOhm of resistance and operates over a frequency range of 300 kHz to 3 GHz. High probe sensitivity and low distortion levels allow measurements to be made while taking advantage of the full dynamic range of the spectrum analyzer.

Options and Accessories

AC Probe (Low Frequency)

The Agilent 41800A low frequency probe has a low input capacitance and a frequency range of 5 Hz to 500 MHz.

Chapter 5 71

Options and Accessories

Accessories

Broadband Preamplifiers and Power Amplifiers

Preamplifiers and power amplifiers can be used with your spectrum analyzer to enhance measurements of very low-level signals.

• The Agilent 8447D preamplifier provides a minimum of 25 dB gain

from 100 kHz to 1.3 GHz.

• The Agilent 83006A preamplifier provides a minimum of 26 dB gain

from 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz.

• The 11909A low noise preamplifier provides a minimum of 32 dB

gain from 9 kHz to 1 GHz and a typical noise figure of 1.8 dB.

GPIB Cable

The Agilent 10833 Series GPIB cables interconnect GPIB devices and are available in four different lengths (0.5 to 4 meters). GPIB cables are used to connect controllers to a spectrum analyzer.

USB/GPIB Interface

Options and Accessories

The Agilent 82357A USB/GPIB interface provides a direct connection from the USB port on your laptop or desktop PC to GPIB instruments. It comes with the SICL and VISA software for Windows® 98 (SE)/Me/2000/XP. Using VISA software, your existing GPIB programs work immediately, without modification. The 82357A is a standard Plug and Play device and you can interface with up to 14 GPIB instruments.

HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers

The 11970 Series harmonic mixers are available to extend the frequency range of analyzers with Option AYZ up to 110 GHz. The following six models are available:

Table 5- 1

HP/Agilent Model Number

11970K 18.0 to 26.5 GHz

11970A 26.5 to 40.0 GHz

11970Q 33.0 to 50.0 GHz

11970U 40.0 to 60.0 GHz

11970V 50.0 to 75.0 GHz

11970W 75.0 to 110 GHz

Frequency Range

72 Chapter 5

Options and Accessories

Accessories

HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers

11974 Series preselected millimeter mixers are available to extend the frequency range of analyzers with Option AYZ (external mixing) up to 75 GHz. Preselection reduces mixer overload from broadband signals, reduces radiation of local oscillator harmonics back to the device under test, and reduces the level of image and multiple responses displayed. The following four models are available:

Table 5- 2

HP/Agilent Model Number

11974A 26.5 to 40.0 GHz

11974Q 33.0 to 50.0 GHz

11974U 40.0 to 60.0 GHz

11974V 50.0 to 75.0 GHz

Frequency Range

RF and Transient Limiters

The Agilent 11867A and N9355B RF Limiters protect the analyzer input circuits from damage due to high power levels. The 11867A operates over a frequency range of dc to 1800 MHz and begins reflecting signal levels over 1 mW up to 10 W average power and 100 watts peak power. The N9355B microwave limiter (0.1 to 18 GHz) guards against input signals over 1 milliwatt up to 1 watt average power and 10 watts peak power.

The Agilent 11947A Transient Limiter protects the analyzer input circuits from damage due to signal transients. It specifically is needed for use with a line impedance stabilization network (LISN). It operates over a frequency range of 9 kHz to 200 MHz, with 10 dB of insertion loss.

Options and Accessories

Power Splitters

The Agilent 11667A/B/C power splitters are two-resister type splitters that provide excellent output SWR, at 50 Ω impedance. The tracking between the two output arms, over a broad frequency range, allows wideband measurements to be made with a minimum of uncertainty.

11667A: DC to 18 GHz 11667B: DC to 26.5 GHz 11667C: DC to 50 GHz

Chapter 5 73

Options and Accessories

Accessories

RF Bridges

The Agilent 86205A 50 Ω RF bridge and 86207A 75 Ω RF bridge can be used with the ESA series to make reflection measurements using an analyzer with tracking generator Option 1DN or 1DQ or with an external signal generator. The Agilent 86205A 50 Ω RF bridge can be used with the PSA series to make reflection measurements using an analyzer with the external source control, Option 215.

These external directional bridges offer high directivity and excellent port match. The 86205A operates over a frequency range of 300 kHz to 6 GHz. The 86207A operates over a frequency range of 300 kHz to 3 GHz.

50 Ohm Transmission/Reflection Test Kit

The Agilent 87512A provides the accessories to measure the reflection and transmission characteristics of 50 Ω devices up to 2 GHz. These accessories use type N connectors. The kit contains a directional bridge, 2 cables and precision short/load terminations for calibration.

Options and Accessories

Static Safe Accessories

9300-0797 3M static control mat 0.6 m × 1.2 m (2 ft. × 4 ft.) with a

4.6 cm (15 ft.) ground wire. Does not include wrist strap or cord

9300-1367 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel. Four adjustable

links and a 7 mm post-type connection.

9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft.)

9300-1308 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months)

Noise Sources (for use with PSA Option 119)

Agilent 346A 10 MHz to 18 GHz noise source with 5 dB ENR

(nominal)

Agilent 346B 10 MHz to 18 GHz noise source with 15 dB ENR

(nominal)

Agilent 346C 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz noise source with 15 dB ENR

(nominal)

74 Chapter 5

6 In Case of Difficulty

This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your Agilent Technologies spectrum analyzer, and how to return it for service.

If you experience a problem or would like additional information about your analyzer, Agilent Technologies’ worldwide organization is ready to

In Case of Difficulty

provide the support you need. Before calling Agilent Technologies, however (or returning an analyzer for service), perform the quick checks listed in “Check the Basics” on page 78. This check may eliminate the problem.

If a problem persists, you may choose to:

• Repair the analyzer yourself. See “Service Options” on page 80.

• Return the analyzer to Agilent Technologies for repair. See

“Returning an Analyzer for Service” on page 81, for more

information.

WAR NING No operator serviceable parts inside. Refer servicing to

qualified personnel. To prevent electrical shock, do not remove covers.

NOTE If the analyzer is still under warranty or is covered by a maintenance

contract, it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or plan (the warranty is located at the front of this manual).

In Case of Difficulty

If the analyzer is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance plan, Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the analyzer.

76 Chapter 6

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages

The analyzer can generate various messages that appear on the display during operation.

For a complete list of spectrum analyzer messages, see the Instrument Messages and Functional Tests manual. The following table describes the four types of spectrum analyzer messages.

Table 6-1 Types of Messages

Type of Message Location Notes

In Case of Difficulty

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages

Informational messages typically provide verification that an action has occurred. In general, no user intervention is required.

Pop-up messages prompt you to verify that an action will be performed or tell you that an action is currently being performed.

Status messages indicate a condition that may result in erroneous data being displayed. Multiple status messages may be displayed at the same time.

User Error messages appear when an attempt has been made to set a parameter incorrectly or an operation has failed (such as saving a file).

Bottom of the display in the status line (in green on analyzers with a color display).

Middle of the display in a framed box.

Right side of the display and/or in the SCPI Status Register system.

Bottom of the display in the status line (in yellow on analyzers with a color display) and in the SCPI Error Queue.

Messages will remain until the message is cleared by pressing

Esc or Preset, or is overwritten

by another message.

Message remains until you acknowledge the prompt, or the action is completed.

Most messages remain only until the erroneous condition is corrected.

Messages remain until you clear the error (press

Show Errors, Clear Error Queue

or another message is displayed in the status line.

Pressing the will clear error messages from the display, but the messages will remain in the error queue.

Esc or Preset keys

System,

In Case of Difficulty

Chapter 6 77

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Check the Basics

❏ Is there power at the receptacle?

❏ Make sure there is no disk in the front-panel disk drive.

❏ Is the analyzer turned on? Check to see if the green LED above the

power switch is on. Also, listen for internal fan noise to determine if the analyzer cooling fans are running.

❏ If other equipment, cables, and connectors are being used with your

spectrum analyzer, make sure they are connected properly and operating correctly.

❏ Review the measurement procedures being performed when the

problem first appeared. Are all of the settings correct?

NOTE Some analyzer settings are not affected by a Preset. If you wish to reset

In Case of Difficulty

NOTE The analyzer must be powered on with the LAN already connected in

❏ If the analyzer is not functioning as expected, return the analyzer to

a known state by pressing

Preset, and Factory Preset (if displayed).

the analyzer configuration to the state it was in when it was originally sent from the factory, press

Type, Factory. Then press the green Preset key on the front panel.

System, Power On/Preset, Preset

❏ Is the measurement being performed, and the results that are

expected, within the specifications and capabilities of the analyzer? Refer to the Specifications guide for your analyzer.

❏ If the analyzer is not communicating via the LAN connection, check

for the presence of blinking yellow LEDs on the rear panel LAN connector. If the Rx (receive) LED is not blinking, check the LAN cable and LAN integrity.

order to recognize the LAN port.

❏ To meet specifications, the analyzer must be aligned. Either the Auto

Align (On) feature must be selected (press

Align

, On), or the analyzer must be manually aligned at least once

System, Alignments, Auto

every 24 hours, or whenever the temperature changes more than 3°C. When

Auto Align, On is selected, the AA screen annotation

appears on the left edge of the display.

78 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

❏ Perform an Alignment. Press System, Alignments, Align Now, All.

❏ If the previously performed alignments did not resolve the problem,

System, Alignments, Restore Align Defaults. Then press System,

press

Alignments, Align All Now.

❏ Is the analyzer displaying an error message? If so, refer to the

Instrument Messages and Functional Tests manual.

❏ If the necessary equipment is available, perform the functional tests

in the Instrument Messages and Functional Tests document for your analyzer.

❏ If the 10 MHz output is not functioning, verify that it is turned on by

pressing

TIP You can get automatic electronic notification of new firmware releases

System, Reference, 10 MHz to select On.

and other product updates/information by subscribing to the Agilent Technologies Test & Measurement E-Mail Notification Service for the

PSA or ESA Series at http://wwwdb.tm.agilent.com/cgi-bin/notification/user.pl

In Case of Difficulty

Chapter 6 79

In Case of Difficulty

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Read the Warranty

The warranty for your analyzer is in the front of your Specifications Guide. Please read it and become familiar with its terms.

If your analyzer is covered by a separate maintenance agreement, please be familiar with its terms.

Service Options

Agilent Technologies offers several optional maintenance plans to service your analyzer after the warranty has expired. Call your Agilent Technologies office for full details.

If you want to service the analyzer yourself after the warranty expires, you can purchase the service documentation that provides all necessary test and maintenance information.

You can order the service documentation, Option 0BW (assembly level troubleshooting information) through your Agilent Technologies office.

In Case of Difficulty

Table 6-2

Online assistance: http://www.agilent.com/find/assist

United States

(tel) 1 800 452 4844

Canada

(tel) 1 877 894 4414 (fax) (905) 282-6495

Calling Agilent Technologies

Agilent Technologies has offices around the world to provide you with complete support for your analyzer. To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office listed below. In any correspondence or telephone conversations, refer to your analyzer by its product number, full serial number, and firmware revision.

Press

System, More (1 of 3), Show System, and the product number, serial

number, and firmware revision information will be displayed on your analyzer screen. A serial number label is also attached to the rear panel of the analyzer.

Contacting Agilent Technologies

Latin America

(tel) (305) 269 7500 (fax) (305) 269 7599

Japan

(tel) (81) 426 56 7832 (fax) (81) 426 56 7840

New Zealand

(tel) 0 800 738 378 (fax) 64 4 495 8950

Asia Pacific

(tel) (852) 3197 7777 (fax) (852) 2506 9284

Europe

(tel) (31 20) 547 2323 (fax) (31 20) 547 2390

Australia

(tel) 1 800 629 485 (fax) (61 3) 9210 5947

80 Chapter 6

In Case of Difficulty

Returning an Analyzer for Service

Service Tag

When you are returning an analyzer to Agilent Technologies for service, fill out and attach one of the blue service tags provided at the end of this chapter. Please be as specific as possible about the problem. If you have recorded any error messages that appeared on the display, have completed a functional test, or have any other specific data on the performance of your analyzer, please include a copy of this information.

Original Packaging

Before shipping, pack the unit in the original factory packaging materials if they are available. If the original materials were not retained, see Other Packaging (below).

NOTE Install the transportation disk into the floppy drive to reduce the

possibility of damage during transportation. If the original transportation disk is not available, a blank floppy may be substituted.

Other Packaging

CAUTION Analyzer damage can result from using packaging materials other than

those specified. Never use styrene pellets in any shape as packaging materials. They do not adequately cushion the equipment or prevent it from shifting in the carton. They cause equipment damage by generating static electricity and by lodging in the analyzer louvers, blocking airflow.

You can repackage the analyzer with commercially available materials, as follows:

1. Attach a completed service tag to the analyzer.

2. Install the transportation disk or a blank floppy disk into the disk

drive.

3. Wrap the analyzer in antistatic plastic to reduce the possibility of

damage caused by electrostatic discharge.

4. Use a strong shipping container. The carton must be both large

enough and strong enough to accommodate the analyzer. A double-walled, corrugated cardboard carton with 159 kg (350 lb) bursting strength is adequate. Allow at least 3 to 4 inches on all sides of the analyzer for packing material.

In Case of Difficulty

Chapter 6 81

In Case of Difficulty

Returning an Analyzer for Service

5. Surround the equipment with three to four inches of packing

material and prevent the equipment from moving in the carton. If packing foam is not available, the best alternative is S.D.-240 Air Cap™ from Sealed Air Corporation (Hayward, California, 94545). Air Cap looks like a plastic sheet filled with 1-1/4 inch air bubbles. Use the pink-colored Air Cap to reduce static electricity. Wrapping the equipment several times in this material should both protect the equipment and prevent it from moving in the carton.

6. Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive

tape.

7. Mark the shipping container “FRAGILE, HANDLE WITH CARE”

to assure careful handling.

8. Retain copies of all shipping papers.

In Case of Difficulty

82 Chapter 6

Index

Numerics

10 MHz reference, turning on 50 ohm load 50 ohm RF bridge 50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss pad

75 ohm RF bridge

AC probe 71 Accessories accessories

50 ohm directional bridge 50 ohm load 50 ohm short/load 50 ohm/75 ohm minimum loss

AC probe broadband preamplifiers GPIB cable harmonic mixers power splitters preselected millimeter mixers

RF bridge RF limiters

transient limiters active function address, IP Agilent Technologies, calling alignments, internal alpha editor, using amplifiers annotations, display application information arrow keys, using

battery information 12 bridge broadband preamplifiers

cable

GPIB Catalog Menu catalogs

definition

naming clock, battery connectivity

tools connectors, front panel copy files

71, 74

pad 71

data, entering from front panel DC probes

use of 71 delete files Dir Select key Dir Up key directional bridge directories, definition directory

creating display annotations display, information screen documentation

additional set 65

CD-ROM

CD-ROM only

service

standard set

electrostatic discharge (ESD)

protecting against Enter key, using ESD safety accessories examples

frequency accuracy 44

signals, viewing external reference (10 MHz),

factory preset, description 39 file copying file deleting file formats file menu functions

copy

delete

rename

save file renaming file saving files

naming firmware upgrade information frequency accuracy, increasing frequency count, using front panel

connectors and keys

display annotations

entering data

symbols

GPIB cable

turning on 40

49, 53, 55

53, 55, 57

2 44

information screen information, additional internal alignments IntuiLink software IP address

key overview 31 keypad, using keys knob, using

LAN, setting IP address 14 limiters

RF and transient 73

load, 50 ohm

manuals, ordering manuals, standard set marker

frequency and amplitude,

moving

to peak 42 to reference level with knob or arrow key

turning off

marker annotation

change with frequency count

location menu keys missing options mixers

External Mixing (Option AYZ)

harmonic

preselected millimeter moving

data from analyzer

data to PC

navigating

catalogs

files

tables Navigation keys noise figure noise figure measurement

noise source numeric keypad, using

reading

accessories

71, 74

50, 51

Index

options not in instrument memory

overview, keys and key menus

packaging 81 parallel interface connector PC connectivity personality options not in

instrument 14 power amplifiers power splitters preamplifiers preset

factory

types

user, creating printer setup probes

AC and DC 71 product information

rear panel

symbols rear panel features reference level, setting reference, turning on 10 MHz rename files RF bridge RF limiters RPG, using RS-232 interface connector

tab key table

text, entering titles, editing transient limiter turning on the analyzer for the

unit softkeys, using 37 URL, PSA analyzers URL, sales and service user preset

warm-up time 14 warranty

navigation 32

first time 13

creating description disabling

save files saving

bitmaps 49, 53, 55

trace files screen annotation screen, information service options short, 50 ohm signals, increasing accuracy signals, viewing softkeys, auto and man mode softkeys, basic types software

IntuiLink splitters

Index

static safety accessories symbols in titles symbols, on front and rear panels

53, 55, 57

49, 53, 55

Agilent Technologies E4440A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Getting Started Guide

Table of Contents

1 Installation and Setup

Initial Inspection

Power Requirements

AC Power Cord

Turning on the Analyzer for the First Time

Why Aren’t All the Personality Options Loaded in Memory?

If Option 117 is Loaded in Memory

Using an External Reference

Firmware Revision

Running Internal Alignments

Printer Setup and Operation

Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge

Safety Information

2 Front and Rear Panel Features

Front Panel Overview

Front-Panel Connectors and Keys

Display Annotations

Rear-Panel Features

Key Overview

Front and Rear Panel Symbols

3 Making a Basic Measurement

Using the Front Panel

Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer

Creating a User Preset

Viewing a Signal

Viewing Catalogs and Saving Files

File Menu Functions

Locating and viewing files in the catalog

Creating a directory

Saving a File

Step 1. Set up the analyzer trace

Step 2. Save the file

Loading a file

Renaming a File

Copying a File

Deleting a File

Using the Alpha Editor

5 Options and Accessories

Ordering Options and Accessories

Options (see page 65)

Accessories (see page 71)

Options

50 Ohm Load

50 Ohm/75 Ohm Minimum Loss Pad

AC Probe

AC Probe (Low Frequency)

Broadband Preamplifiers and Power Amplifiers

GPIB Cable

USB/GPIB Interface

HP/Agilent 11970 Series Harmonic Mixers

HP/Agilent 11974 Series Preselected Millimeter Mixers

RF and Transient Limiters

Power Splitters

RF Bridges

50 Ohm Transmission/Reflection Test Kit

Static Safe Accessories

Noise Sources (for use with PSA Option 119)

6 In Case of Difficulty

Types of Spectrum Analyzer Messages

Before Calling Agilent Technologies

Check the Basics

Read the Warranty

Service Options

Calling Agilent Technologies

Returning an Analyzer for Service

Index