Actron CP9135 User Manual [en, es, fr]
15825 Industrial Parkway
Cleveland Ohio 44135 USA (EUA)
OBD II
AutoScanner
CP9135
™
Performs diagnostics on OBD II compliant vehicles 1994 and newer
Instructions in English, Spanish, and French
Instrucciones en Inglés, Español, y Francés
Instructions en Anglais, Espagnol, et les Français
Voltage: 16V
Tension: 16V
Tension de 16V
FULL ONE (1) YEAR LIMITED WARRANTY
Actron Manufacturing Company (“Actron”) warrants to the original purchaser that
this
product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of
one
(1) year from the date of original purchase. Any unit that fails within this period
will
be replaced or repaired at Actron’s discretion without charge. If you need to
return
product, please follow the instructions below. This warranty does not apply
to
damages (intentional or accidental), alterations or improper or unreasonable
use.
ACTRON DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS WARRANTIES EXCEPT THOSE THAT
APPEAR
OF
ANY
WARRANTY
PRODUCT
LIMITED
LONG
TO
IN NO CASE SHALL ACTRON BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES BASED UPON ANY LEGAL THEORY INCLUDING,
BUT NOT LIMITED TO, DAMAGES FOR LOST PROFITS AND/OR INJURY TO
PROPERTY.
OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THIS LIMITATION OR
EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO A SPECIFIC BUYER. THIS WARRANTY GIVES
YOU
WHICH VAR Y FROM STATE TO STATE.
All
on the latest information available from industry sources at the time of publication.
No warranty (expressed or implied) can be made for its accuracy or completeness,
nor is any responsibility assumed by Actron or anyone connected with it for loss or
damages suffered through reliance on any information contained in this manual or
misuse of accompanying product. Actron reserves the right to make changes at any
time to this manual or accompanying product without obligation to notify any person
or organization of such changes.
ABOVE. FURTHER, ACTRON DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
MERCHANTABILITY OF THE GOODS OR FITNESS OF THE GOODS FOR
PURPOSE. (TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW, ANY IMPLIED
IS SUBJECT TO ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS
WARRANTY. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW
AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, SO THIS LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY
A SPECIFIC BUYER.)
SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS
information, illustrations and specifications contained in this manual are based
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS APPLICABLE TO ANY
LIMITATION OF REMEDIES
SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION
If you need to return the unit, please follow this procedure:
1. Call
Actron Te ch Support at 1-(800)228-7667. Our Technical Service Representatives
are
trained to assist you.
2. Proof
of purchase is required for all warranty claims. For this reason we ask that you
retain
your sales receipt.
3. In
the event that product needs to be returned, you will be given a Return Material
Authorization
possible, return the product in its original package with cables and accessories.
4. If
5. Print
send
6. You will be responsible for shipping charges in the event that your repair is not
covered
number.
the RMA number and your return address on the outside of the package and
to the address provided by your Customer Service representative.
by warranty.
OUT OF WARRANTY REPAIR
If you need product repaired after your warranty has expired, please call Te ch Support at
TO USE YOUR WARRANTY
(800) 228-7667.
You will be advised of the cost of repair and any freight charges.
Table of Contents
Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SF-1
Section 1 - Quick Start
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.2 Quick Start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
Section 2 - Tool Basics
2.1 Tool Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1.1 Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-2
2.1.2 OBD II (J1962) Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.1.3 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.2 Lists and Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.3 Diagnostic Link Connector and Location . . . . . . . . .. 2-3
2.4 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs). . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-3
2.5 This Manual. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2-4
2.6 Vehicle Service Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Section 3 - Using the Tool
3.1 AutoScanner Connection and Power-Up . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.2 Read Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
3.3 Erase Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-3
3.4 MIL Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-5
3.5 I/M Monitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-5
3.6 Tool Setup/Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
3.6.1 Changing Display Contrast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3-7
3.6.2 Display Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.6.3 Keypad Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
3.6.4 Memory Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
3.6.5 Software Identification (SW ID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8
Section 4 - Troubleshooting
4.1 Vehicle Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2 AutoScanner Does Not Power Up: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
4.3 Link Errors or Erroneous Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
4.4 Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3
Appendix A - Glossary
Appendix B - About OBD II
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To prevent accidents that could possibly result in serious
injury and/or damage to vehicles and/or test equipment,
carefully follow all safety rules and test procedures when
working on vehicles.
Always wear ANSI approved eye protection.
Always operate the vehicle in a well-ventilated area. Do
not breath exhaust gases — they are very hazardous.
Always keep yourself, tools and test equipment away from
all moving or hot engine parts.
SF-1
Always make sure the vehicle is in Park (automatic
transmission) or Neutral (manual transmission).
Ensure the parking brake is firmly set.
Block the drive wheels.
Never leave vehicle unattended while testing.
Never lay tools on vehicle battery. You may short the
terminals together causing harm to yourself, the tools or
the battery.
Always use caution when working around the ignition coil,
distributor cap, ignition wires, and spark plugs. These
components can produce High Voltage while the engine
is running.
Battery electrolyte is sulfuric-acid and is extremely caustic.
If contacted, rinse with water or neutralize with a mild base
(i.e. baking soda). If contacted in eyes, flush with water
and call a physician immediately.
Never smoke or have open flames near vehicle. Vapors
from gasoline and the battery during charge are highly
flammable and explosive.
Never use the AutoScannerTM if internal circuitry has been
exposed to any moisture. Internal shorts could cause fire
and damage to the tool.
Always keep a fire extinguisher suitable for
gasoline/electrical/chemical fires readily available.
• When performing road tests, never operate the tool while driving
the vehicle. Always have one person drive the vehicle and an
assistant operate the AutoScanner
TM
.
• Always turn ignition key OFF when connecting or disconnecting
electrical components, unless otherwise instructed.
• Some vehicles are equipped with safety air bags. You MUST follow
vehicle service manual cautions when working around the air bag
components or wiring. If the cautions are not followed, the air bag
may open up unexpectedly, resulting in personal injury. Note that
the air bag can still open up several minutes after the ignition key is
off (or even if the vehicle’s battery is disconnected) because of a
special energy reserve module.
• Always follow vehicle manufacturer’s warnings, cautions and
service procedures.
SF-2
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1.1 Introduction
Congratulations!
You've purchased an automotive scanner that can unlock the fault
code information stored in the on-board computer(s) of your car or
light truck. This information gives you the power to identify and repair
problems that may arise with the operation of your vehicle's engine.
Cars and trucks cannot completely diagnose their problems, and no
scanner available can tell you with pinpoint accuracy what is wrong
with the vehicle.
Once you have retrieved the diagnostic information from the computer,
you have taken the first step in finding and fixing the problem. Now it
is time to continue with the rest of the diagnostic process.
Important points to remember:
• Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) warn us of a symptom or
problem with a particular engine system, not a specific part.
• The computer can only report DTCs based on what its sensors
are telling it.
• Sometimes, sensors appear to be bad when in fact, they are not.
- A poor connection, broken wire or short circuit may be preventing
the sensor signal from reaching the computer.
- A malfunction in one system may cause a sensor in another
system to report a value that is too high or too low.
• We recommend the use of a vehicle specific service manual to
assist you with the diagnostic process.
• Some of the vehicle computer's sensors and actuators can be
pretty expensive; it is best to make sure they are defective prior
to replacing them!
1-1
Quick Start
The next step in the diagnostic process is to test systems and parts
that are suspected to be defective. This testing process may include:
• Sensors
• Fuel injection system
Even when working on modern, computer-controlled vehicles there is
no substitute for good old-fashioned troubleshooting.
Once you have isolated and repaired the failed problem(s), you can
use your AutoScanner to clear the codes from the computer's memory.
This will also turn off your Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL), or Check
Engine Light, and may reset all Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) monitor
statuses to “Not Ready”.
The following Quick Start section will help you begin to use your OBD II
AutoScanner right away. Subsequent sections of this manual contain
more detailed information to help you get the most out of your scanner.
If you have questions not covered in the manual, please call our
Technical Support line at 1-800-228-7667 (8:00 - 6:00 EST Monday Friday), or send an email to tech_support@actron.com.
• Ignition system
• Vacuum & Pressure systems
1.2 Quick Start
Connect the OBD II AutoScanner to the vehicle’s Data Link Connector
(DLC) which is normally located under the dash on the driver’s side.
Once the connection is made, the tool will turn on, boot, and then
display the Main Menu. If the display is hard to read, adjust the contrast
using the Tool Setup/Test function.
All AutoScanner functions can be performed with the Key On-Engine
Off (KOEO). The ERASE function cannot be done with the Key
On-Engine Running (KOER).
To retrieve Diagnostic Trouble Codes
(DTCs), press the READ key on the
AutoScanner. This function can be
performed with the KOEO or KOER.
Main Menu
1)Read Codes [
If DTCs are present, they will appear on the display. Use the ▲ or ▼
keys to view the codes. The definition will continuously scroll to the left if
it is longer than the display (20 characters). To freeze the scrolling message,
press and hold the ENTER key. When done, press the BACK key to return
to the Main Menu.
CAUTION! Avoid Cooling Fan! It May Turn On During Test.
!
Quick Start
1-2
To erase DTCs, press the ERASE
key on the AutoScanner. This
function must be performed with the
KOEO - Do not START engine.
Note: In addition to clearing DTCs, the Erase Codes function may
reset the status of the I/M System Monitors to “Not Ready.”
!
If DTCs are found, the tool will display the quantity and ask the user
“Erase Codes? (Y/N).” Pressing the NO key will display the message
“Cancelled, Erase Not Performed.” Pressing the YES key will display
a scrolling message on the bottom line. Press the BACK key to return
to the Main Menu.
“Hard” codes are codes that can be removed only by repairing
the faults that they cause; therefore, hard codes will remain in
!
the computer’s memory until the condition is repaired.
The MIL Status function displays the status of the computer module
that commanded the MIL to turn on. If the MIL Status is ON and the
MIL is not illuminated with the engine running, then a problem exists
in the MIL circuit.
Select the MIL Status function and
press the ENTER key. The MIL
Status of the computer will display
on the AutoScanner. Press the
BACK key to return to the Main
Menu.
Main Menu
2)Erase Codes
Main Menu
3)MIL Status
The I/M (Inspection and Maintenance) Monitors function displays the
state of the vehicle’s OBD II Monitors. Monitors test the operation of
emission related systems or components and detect out-of-range
values. The vehicle may have to be operated under certain driving
conditions to initiate a monitor.
Select I/M Monitors from the Main
Menu and press the ENTER key.
Use the
the list. Note the Monitors present
and their status. When done, press
the BACK key to return to the Main Menu
Detailed instructions are provided in Section 3 and OBD II background
information is provided in Appendix B.
▲ or ▼ keys to scroll through
Main Menu
4)I/M Monitors
.
Quick Start
1-3
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2.1 Tool Features
The
OBD II AutoScanner
service industry to help diagnose vehicles and assist in troubleshooting
procedures. The AutoScanner will perform OBD II functions on
compliant vehicles 1994 and newer. No batteries are needed; power is
provided from the vehicle’s data link connector (DLC)
B
was developed by experts in the automotive
c
ic
s
.
BOBD II connector &
cable with strain-relief.
CTwo-line LCD display.
DREAD key - performs
the Read Codes
function.
EERASE key - performs
the Erase Codes
function.
FV YES key - to scroll
up and answer YES.
GW NO key - to scroll
down and answer NO.
HBACK key - go to the
previous screen or
level.
IENTER key- selects
displayed items.
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2-1
2.1.1
The AutoScanner uses a two-line liquid crystal display (LCD). The top
line contains 10 characters to show function headings, numbers and
user prompts. The bottom line contains 20 characters to display
selections and code information. Messages longer than the lines will
scroll continuously across the display from right to left. Display
contrast adjustment is accessed from the Tool Setup/Test menu.
Display
2.1.2
Connects the AutoScanner to the vehicle for power and
communication. The AutoScanner will automatically communicate
with the vehicle using a protocol built into the software
After initiating a function, the
AutoScanner will link with the
vehicle.
2.1.3
Do not use solvents such as alcohol to clean the keypad or display.
Use a mild nonabrasive detergent and a soft cotton cloth. Do not soak
the keypad as water might find its way inside the tool.
2.2
The AutoScanner is designed for ease
in navigation and operation. All menu
and lists operate the same way. Five
functions are selectable by the user. The
Read Codes
can be run using the keys identified in
Section 2.1-Tool Features
Use the
ENTER
item. An arrow icon will be displayed
on the right of the bottom line to
indicate the scrolling direction
available; up (
To return to previous screens, press the
OBD II (J1962) Connector
Cleaning
Lists and Menus
and
Erase Codes
▲
or ▼ keys to scroll and the
key to select the function or
]
), down ([) or both ().
function
.
Linking
* Please Wait *
1)Read Codes
2)Erase Codes
3)MIL Status
4)I/M Monitors
5)Tool Setup/Test
1)Adjust Contrast
2)Display Test
3)Keypad Test
4)Memory Test
5)SW ID
Main Menu
1)Read Codes [
BACK
key.
The AutoScanner may ask a question which requires a YES or NO
response from the user. Press either the
condition arises.
Tool Basics
YES
key or NO key when the
2-2
2.3
Diagnostic Link Connector and Location
The AutoScanner communicates with
the vehicle’s computer modules via a
Diagnostic Link Connector (DLC).
OBD II regulations define the physical
and electrical specification for the DLC.
Certain pins in the connector are dedicated for power
and ground. The DLC is also referred to as a J1962 connector. The term
J1962 is taken from a physical and electrical specification number
assigned by SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers). The standard
ensures that all vehicles with OBD II systems use the same connector.
The J1962 specification
defines the location of the
DLC in the vehicle. The DLC
should be located under the
dashboard on the driver side
of the vehicle. If the DLC is
not located under the
dashboard as stated, a
decal describing its location
should be attached to the
dashboard in the area the
DLC should have been
located.
2.4 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) consist of a three-digit code preceded
by an alphanumeric designator. When the on-board computer recognizes
and identifies a problem, a DTC for that fault is stored in memory. These
codes are intended to help the user determine the root cause of a problem.
The format and type of DTCs is summarized on the next page.
J2012 is a standard for all DTCs established by the Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE). Codes and the definitions assigned by this specification
are known as Generic (or Global) OBD II codes. OBD II requires
compliance of this standard, and has made it a standard for all cars, light
trucks, APVs, MPVs, and SUVs sold in the U.S. from Model Year 1996
and newer. Codes not reserved by the SAE are reserved for the
manufacturer and referred as Manufacturer Specific.
Periodically, new DTCs are developed and approved by the SAE. Upon
approval of the new codes, the AutoScanner’s software will be updated.
There is no established time period that updates are made to the database.
Too l Ba si cs
2-3
For more information regarding DTC updates, please call our Technical
Support line at
send an email to
1-800-228-7667
tech_support@actron.com.
SAE J2012 OBD II DTC Recommended Standard
(8:00 - 6:00 EST Monday - Friday), or
Bx - Body
Cx
- Chassis
Px
- Powertrain
- Network Comm.
Ux
x
= 0, 1, 2 or 3
Example:
P0101 –Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit
Powertrain Codes
P0xxx
P1xxx
P2xxx
P30xx-P33xx
P34xx-P39xx
Chassis
C0xxx
C1xxx
C2xxx
C3xxx
Range/Performance Problem
- Generic (SAE)
- Manufacturer Specific
- Generic (SAE)
- Manufacturer Specific
- Generic (SAE)
Codes
- Generic (SAE)
- Manufacturer Specific
- Manufacturer Specific
- Generic (SAE)
P 0 1 0 1
Vehicle Specific System
Body
Codes
- Generic (SAE)
B0xxx
- Manufacturer Specific
B1xxx
- Manufacturer Specific
B2xxx
- Generic (SAE)
B3xxx
Network
- Generic (SAE)
U0xxx
- Manufacturer Specific
U1xxx
- Manufacturer Specific
U2xxx
U3xxx
- Generic (SAE)
Specific Fault
Designation
Communication Codes
2.5 This Manual
This manual provides step-by-step procedures to operate the OBD II
AutoScanner. Specific diagnostics for the vehicle may be found in
applicable service manuals listed in Section 2.6. Information about
OBD II can be found in Appendix B - OBD II Background.
Warnings, Cautions and Notes
These are identified with the following symbols. Please read and
understand the Safety Precautions and adhere to them while testing
the vehicle.
!
!
!
2-4
The Warning symbol identifies hazards that may cause
serious harm and injury.
The Caution symbol alerts the operator of potential
noncritical harm or damage to equipment.
This symbol identifies special information.
Tool Basics
2.6 Vehicle Service Information
Vehicle service manuals containing additional diagnostic information
are available at most auto parts stores or the local library. If unable to
locate them at those locations, write the below listed publishers for
availability and pricing. Please be sure to specify the make, model and
year of vehicle.
Vehicle Service Manuals
Chrysler, Plymouth, Dodge,
Jeep, Eagle:
Dyment Distribution Service
Publications
12200 Alameda Drive
Strongsville, OH 44136
www.techauthority.daimlerchrysler.com
Ford, Lincoln & Mercury:
Ford Publication Department
Helm Incorporated
P.O. Box 07150
Detroit, MI 48207
www.helminc.com
Cadillac, Chevrolet,
Buick,
GEO, GMC, Oldsmobile,
Pontiac;
Honda, Isuzu, Suzuki,
Acura,
Kia, Hyundai & Saab:
Helm Incorporated
P.O. Box 07130
Detroit, MI 48207
www.helminc.com
Saturn:
Adistra Corporation
c/o Saturn Publications
101 Union St.
P.O. Box 1000
Plymouth, MI 48170
Chilton Book Company
Chilton Way
Radnor, PA 19089
www.edmunds.com/edweb/Chilton
Mitchell Manuals, Inc.
Cordura Publications
P.O. Box 26260
San Diego, CA 92126
www.mitchellrepair.com
Haynes Publications Inc.
861 Lawrence Drive
Newbury Park, CA 91320
www.haynes.com
Haynes Publications Inc.
1299 Bridgestone Parkway
LaVergne, TN 37086
www.haynes.com
JENDHAM, Inc.
13230 Evening Creek Drive,
Suite #202
San Diego, CA 92128
www.jendham.com
Motor’s Auto Repair Manual
Hearst Company
250 W. 55th Street
New York, NY 10019
Suitable manuals have titles such as:
- “Electronic Engine Controls”
- “Fuel Injection and Electronic Engine Controls”
- “Emissions Control Manual”
... or similar titles
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3.1 AutoScanner Connection and Power-Up
Locate the DLC. If not found, refer to
Section 2.3.
The AutoScanner will not harm the
vehicle.
Remove the protective cap and connect
the AutoScanner’s 16-pin J1962
connector. The AutoScanner will
immediately power-up.
The AutoScanner displays its name for a brief period and then begins
“Loading Software.”
OBD II
Auto Scanner Loading Software.........
If the
▲ key is pressed and held while software is loading, the
Software ID will display until the key is released, and then the Main
Menu will display.
Main Menu
Software ID: 392A
When the Main Menu displays, the AutoScanner is ready to use.
Refer to Section 3.6 - Tool Setup/Test and Section 4 -
Troubleshooting if problems occur.
More information about OBD II can be found in Appendix B - OBD II
Background.
1)Read Codes [
Using the Tool
3-1
3.2 Read Codes
The Read Codes function retrieves
Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
from the vehicle’s computer modules.
This function can be performed with
the KOEO or KOER.
There are two types of codes, Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) codes
and Pending codes. An icon (
are Pending codes.
MIL Codes: These codes cause the computer to illuminate the MIL
when an emission related or driveability fault occurs. The MIL is also
known as the "service engine soon" or "check engine lamp”. The
computer will illuminate the MIL when the engine is running and
remain in the vehicle’s memory until the fault is repaired.
Pending Codes: These codes are also referred as “continuous
monitor” and “maturing codes”. An intermittent fault will cause the
computer to store a code in memory. If the fault does not occur within
40 warm-up cycles, the code will be cleared from memory. If the
fault occurs a specific number of times, the code will mature into a
DTC and the MIL will turn on.
Changing any part without first isolating the circuit or system may
result in the replacement of good components.
!
) will be displayed next to DTCs that
Main Menu
1)Read Codes [
Before performing this function, read and understand the Safety
Precautions and Section 2 - Tool Basics.
!
CAUTION! Avoid Cooling Fan! It May Turn On During Test.
!
Press the READ key to initiate the
Read Codes function. The
AutoScanner will retrieve the DTCs
stored in the vehicle’s computer
module(s). This function can also be
run by selecting Read Codes from the Main Menu.
If a Link Error message displays, make sure the OBD II
connector is securely attached, and the ignition key is ON. Cycle
!
the ignition key to OFF for 10 seconds, then ON. This may be
required to reset the computer. If required, select “Yes” to try
again. If the problem still exists, refer to Section 4:
Troubleshooting.
Using the Tool
Reading
* Data From Vehicle *
3-2
If one DTC is retrieved, the AutoScanner will display the DTC number
and type (MIL or pending) on the top line, and the definition on the
bottom. If more than one DTC is present, the top line will also display
the code index (n/x), i.e. 1 of 3. This and the DTC number will alternate
on the display while the bottom line shows the definition.
P0452
EVAP Emission Cont [
If the definition is longer than the display, it will continuously scroll to
the left. To freeze the scrolling message, press and hold the ENTER
key. Use the
BACK key to return to the Main Menu.
• Definitions for Generic (or Global) DTCs will be displayed on the
bottom line. These definitions can be found in the vehicle’ service
manual (refer to Section 2.6 - Vehicle Service Information or
on the enclosed product CD).
If no DTCs are present, the message
“PASS, No Codes Returned” will
display. Press the BACK key to
return to the Main Menu.
!
▲ or ▼ keys to view each DTC. When done, press the
Do not disconnect the AutoScanner until codes have been
recorded. When power is removed, the AutoScanner’s memory
is cleared.
1 of 3
ion Control System [
PASS
No Codes Returned
3.3 Erase Codes
The Erase Codes function deletes the DTCs from the vehicle’s
computer memory. Perform this function only after the systems have
been checked completely and DTCs have been documented. This
function should be performed with KOEO - Do not START engine.
After servicing the vehicle, delete the stored DTCs and verify no codes
have been reset. If DTCs return, the problem has not been corrected
or other faults are present.
In addition to clearing DTCs, the Erase Codes function resets
the status of the I/M System Monitors to “Not Ready.”
!
3-3
Using the Tool
To Erase Codes, press the ERASE
key. This function can also be run by
selecting Erase Codes from the Main
Menu.
Before erasing codes, the AutoScanner will perform the Read Codes
function and display the number of DTCs stored in the vehicle’s
computer memory.
CAUTION! Avoid Cooling Fan! It May Turn On During Test.
!
If no DTCs are present, then press
ENTER to return to the Main Menu.
If DTCs are found, the tool will
display the quantity and ask the user
“Erase Codes? (Y/N).” Pressing the
NO key will display the message
“Cancelled, Erase Not Performed.”
Press the BACK key to return to the Main Menu.
Pressing the YES key will display a
scrolling message on the bottom
line. Turn key On, engine Off and
then press the ENTER key.
Main Menu
2)Erase Codes
No Codes
Press ENTER To Exit
5 Codes
Erase Codes? (Y/N)
Verify Engine Off, Key
The AutoScanner will perform Read Codes again to check the number
of DTCs erased.
If all DTCs have been erased, a
message “No Codes Remain (Press
ENTER)” will scroll across the
bottom line.
If DTCs still exist, the number will be displayed. The faults must be
repaired to remove these DTCs. Press ENTER to return to the Main
Menu.
“Hard” codes are codes that can be removed only by repairing
the faults that they cause; therefore, hard codes will remain in
!
the computer’s memory until the condition is repaired.
Using the Tool
ERASE DONE
No Codes Remain (Pres
3-4
3.4 MIL Status
The MIL (Malfunction Indicator Lamp) Status function displays the
state of the computer module that commanded the MIL to turn on. A
request is sent to the computer module(s) to state whether they are
commanding the MIL to turn ON. If the MIL Status is ON and the MIL
is not illuminated with the engine running, then a problem exists in the
MIL circuit. Refer to “Diagnostic Circuit Check” in the service repair
manual.
Some manufacturers will turn the MIL Off if a certain number of
drive cycles occur without the same fault being detected. The
!
DTCs related to a MIL are erased from the computer’s memory
after 40 warm-up cycles if the same fault is not detected.
Select the MIL Status function and
press the ENTER key.
The MIL Status will display on the
top line and a scrolling message on
the bottom indicating if the MIL lamp
should be ON or OFF.
Main Menu
3)MIL Status
MIL - ON
MIL Lamp Should be On
When done, press the BACK key to return to the Main Men
u.
3.5 I/M Monitors
The I/M (Inspection and Maintenance) Monitors function displays the
state of the vehicle’s OBD II Monitors. Monitors test the operation of
emission related systems or components and detect out-of-range
values. The vehicle may have to be operated under certain driving
conditions to initiate a monitor.
Using the Tool
3-5
Currently, there are eleven OBD II Monitors defined and required by
C
($0E)
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), but not all monitors
are supported by all vehicles. The OBD II monitors and their
abbreviation are listed below.
Abbreviation
Misfire ..................... Misfire
Fuel Sys ................... Fuel System
Comprehens ............. Comprehensive Components
Catalyst................... Catalyst
Heated Cat .............. Heated Catalyst
Evap Sys ................... Evaporative System
Sec Air ...................... Secondary AIR
A/C Refrig .............. Air Conditioning Refrigerant
O2 Sensor................. Oxygen Sensor
HO2 Sensor .............. Oxygen Heater Sensor
EGR Sys ...................... Exhaust Gas Recirculation System
Select I/M Monitors from the Main
Menu and press the ENTER key.
The top line will display the I/M
Monitor and the second line will
display its status. Use the
keys to scroll through the monitors.
• A status of “Ready” means that the required driving conditions
for that monitor have been meet and it passed.
• A status of “Not Ready” means that the required driving
conditions for that monitor have not been met or it did not pass.
• A status of “Not Applicable (N/A)” means the vehicle does not
support that monitor.
Note the Monitors present and their status. When done, press the
BACK key to return to the Main Menu
Definition
omprehens
Comprehens($1F)
Main Menu
Comprehens($D1)
4)I/M Monitors
▲ or ▼
Fuel Sys
Ready
.
3.6 Tool Setup/Test
The Tool Setup/Test functions allow
the user to adjust the display’s
contrast and perform self-tests.
Using the Tool
Main Menu
5)Tool Setup/Test ]
3-6
3.6.1 Changing Display Contrast
The contrast is displayed as a percent value ranging from 100% to
5% and can be changed by 5% intervals .
In the Tool Setup/Test menu, the
first function is Adjust Contrast.
Press the ENTER key and then use
the
▲ or ▼ keys to increase or
decrease the contrast. Holding
down the
steps. When done, press the ENTER key to return to the Tool
Setup/Test menu.
Contrast settings are not saved after the tool is turned OFF. Contrast
is reset to the manufacturers setting when powered-up.
!
This is a self-test to inspect the AutoScanner’s LCD display. The
test will turn every pixel black.
Select Display Test from the Tool
Setup/Test menu and press
ENTER.
The display will toggle between the two following screens every
3 seconds. Look for missing spots in the solid black characters.
When done, press the BACK key to return to the Tool Setup/Test
menu.
▲ or ▼ keys changes the contrast in that direction in 5%
To quickly change the contrast after powering the AutoScanner,
press the ▼ key four (4) times and then the ENTER key twice.
3.6.2 Display Test
][ Change
90% ENTER When Done
Tool Setup
2)Display Test
LCD Test
Press BACK To Quit
3.6.3 Keypad Test
The Keypad Test is used to check the functionality of the
AutoScanner’s Keypad.
Select Keypad Test from the Tool
Setup/Test menu and press the
ENTER key.
Tool Setup
3)Keypad Test
3-7
Using the Tool
Each time you press a key, its name
should appear on the display. For
example, if you press the
key, the screen will display
“UP / YES.” If key’s name does not
display, then the key is not working. Press the other keys to verify
proper operation.
Check the BACK key last. When
the BACK key is pressed, the
AutoScanner will return to the Tool
Setup/Test menu. If you are not
returned to this menu, then the
BACK key is not working.
3.6.4 Memory Test
If the AutoScanner has trouble performing functions, the Memory
Test should be performed.
From the Tool Setup/Test menu,
select the Memory Test option and
press ENTER to begin.
As the memory is tested, its address is displayed on the bottom line.
After the memory test is done, either a “TEST PASS” or “TEST FAIL”
message is displayed.
▲ /YES
ROM Test
Testing Addr a500
UP / YES
Press Any Key
BACK
Leaving Keypad Test
Tool Setup
4)Memory Test ]
TEST PASS
Press Any Key
Press any key to return to the Tool Setup/Test menu.
3.6.5 Software Identification (SW ID)
The Software Identification is needed when contacting customer
support. Note this in the manual for reference.
From the Tool Setup/Test menu, select the SW ID option and press
ENTER. Note this in the manual for reference.
Tool Setup
5)SW ID ]
Press any key to return to the Tool Setup/Test menu.
Using the Tool
SW ID: 47H5
Press Any Key
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4.1 Vehicle Inspection
Many problems can be found by performing a visual and “hands-on”
under-the-hood inspection before starting any diagnostic procedure.
• Has the vehicle been serviced recently?
Sometimes things are reconnected in the
wrong place, or not at all.
• Do not take shortcuts. Inspect hoses and
wiring which may be difficult to see because
of location (under air cleaner housing,
alternators and similar components).
• Inspect the air cleaner and ductwork for
defects.
• Check sensors and actuators for
damage.
• Inspect all vacuum hoses for:
- Correct routing. Refer to vehicle
service manual, or Vehicle Emission
Control Information (VECI) decal
located in the engine compartment.
- Pinches and kinks.
- Splits, cuts or breaks.
• Inspect electrical wiring for:
- Damaged insulation caused by sharp
objects (a common problem) or by hot
surfaces such as engine and exhaust
manifold.
- Corroded and broken wires.
4-1
Troubleshooting
• Carefully inspect electrical connectors for:
- Corrosion or foreign debris on pins.
- Bent or damaged pins.
- Recessed contacts not seated properly
in housing.
- Bad wire crimps to terminals.
Connector problems are common in vehicles. Inspect carefully.
Some connectors use a special grease, called dielectric grease,
!
on the contacts to prevent corrosion. Do not remove. If required,
apply more grease to the connector. The grease can be obtained
from a dealership or auto parts store.
4.2 AutoScanner Does Not Power Up
• Make sure the AutoScanner’s DLC is connected correctly to the
vehicle’s DLC. Verify the pins are clean and fully seated in the DLC.
4
(GND)
• The AutoScanner requires a
minimum of 8 volts between pin
16 (BAT+) and pin 4 (GND) to
power up. Use the flowchart
provided below to troubleshoot.
WARNING! Never Lay Tools On Vehicle Battery. You May Short
The Terminals Together Causing Harm To Yourself, The Tools
!
Or The Battery.
AutoScanner will not
power up.
Is
battery
charged?
PIN 16 (BAT+)
fully
NO
PIN
Charge battery.
Measure Voltage
between Pins 16 and 4.
Above 8V?
YES
Contact Actron.
Troubleshooting
Measure resistance
between Pin 4 and
NO
Open exists in power
circuit. Check for a blown
fuse or an open wire. Refer
to a service manual.
YES
frame ground.
less than
5
ohms?
YES
NO
Repair Ground
circuit.
Refer to a
service manual.
4-2
4.3 Link Errors or Erroneous Data
A Link Error occurs if the vehicle’s
computer(s) stops communicating
with the AutoScanner. When this
happens, the AutoScanner prompts
the user to try again. Press the YES
key to try again or the NO key to return to the Main Menu.
If the AutoScanner displays Link Errors when attempting to read or
erase codes, check the following:
• Verify ignition key is ON - not in the
ACCESSORIES position.
• Make sure the AutoScanner’s cable is
securely connected to the vehicle’s DLC.
• Examine the DLC closely and check for
cracked or recessed pins, or for any
substance that could prevent a good
electrical connection.
•Verify that the vehicle you are testing is an OBD II compliant
vehicle. Just because it has the OBD II J1962 DLC does not
mean the vehicle is OBD II compliant. Inspect the vehicle’s
VECI decal for a statement of OBD II compliance.
• Test for continuity between the DLC wiring and the computer. In
an extreme case there may be a broken wire.
• With the KOEO, check the vehicle for blown fuses . The computer
and DLC usually use separate fuses. If the fuse for the computer
fuse is blown, it cannot transmit data. The fuses may be located
on the fuse block in the passenger compartment.
• Make sure the computer has a good ground. If the computer has
a ground directly to the case, clean the connection and apply a
conductive (dielectric) grease to the mating surfaces.
• With the KOEO, verify the battery voltage is at least 10.5V; the
minimum voltage to power the computer.
• As a last resort, the computer may be defective. Refer to the
vehicle service manual to diagnose the computer.
Link Error
Try Again?
4.4 Technical Support
If the AutoScanner is not working correctly after the checks and
corrections above, contact technical support personnel at
1-800-228-7667 (8:00 - 6:00 EST Monday - Friday), or send an email
to tech_support@actron.com. Be prepared to provide the
AutoScanner’s Software ID.
Troubleshooting
4-3
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A/C:
Air Conditioning.
A/F:
Air/Fuel ratio. The proportion of air and
fuel delivered to the cylinder for
combustion. For example, an A/F ratio
of 14:1 denotes 14 times as much air
as fuel in the mixture. A typical ideal
A/F ratio is 14.7:1.
AC Clutch Relay:
The PCM uses this relay to energize
the A/C clutch, turning the A/C system
on or off.
AC Pressure Sensor:
Measures air conditioning refrigerant
pressure and sends a voltage signal to
the PCM.
AC Pressure Switch:
A mechanical switch connected to the
A/C refrigerant line. The switch is
activated (sending a signal to the PCM)
when the A/C refrigerant pressure
becomes too low.
Actuator:
Actuators such as relays, solenoids,
and motors allow the PCM to control
the operation of vehicle systems.
Air Injection Reaction (AIR) System:
An emission control system operated
by the PCM. During cold starts, an air
pump injects outside air into the
exhaust manifold to help burn hot
exhaust gases. This reduces pollution
and speeds warm-up of oxygen
sensors and catalytic converters. After
the engine is warm, the air will either
be “dumped” back to the atmosphere
(or into the air cleaner assembly) or
sent to the catalytic converter.
Bank 1:
The standard way of referring to the
bank of cylinders containing cylinder
#1. In-line engines have only one bank
of cylinders. Most commonly used to
identify the location of oxygen sensors.
See O2S, Sensor 1, Sensor 2.
Bank 2:
The standard way of referring to the
bank of cylinders opposite cylinder #1.
Found on V-6, V-8, V-10, etc. and
horizontally opposed engines. Most
commonly used to identify the location
of oxygen sensors. See O2S, Sensor
1,
Sensor 2.
BARO:
Barometric Pressure Sensor.
See MAP Sensor.
Boost Control Solenoid:
A solenoid that is energized by the
PCM, in order to control supercharger
boost pressure.
Brake Switch Signal:
An input signal to the PCM indicating
that the brake pedal is being pressed.
This signal is typically used to
disengage Cruise Control systems and
Torque Converter Clutch (TCC)
solenoids. See also TCC.
CAM:
Camshaft Position Sensor. Sends a
frequency signal to the PCM in order to
synchronize fuel injector and spark plug
firing.
CARB:
California Air Resources Board.
Governing body for emissions control in
California.
Glossary
A-1
CKP REF:
Crankshaft Position Reference.
CKP:
Crankshaft Position. See CPS.
Closed Loop (C/L):
A feedback system that uses the O2
sensor(s) to monitor the results of
combustion. Based on the signal(s)
from the O2 sensor(s), the PCM
modifies the air/fuel mixture to maintain
optimum performance with lowest
emissions. In closed loop mode, the
PCM can “fine tune” control of a
system to achieve an exact result.
CO:
Carbon Monoxide
Continuous Memory Codes:
See Pending Codes.
CPS:
Crankshaft Position Sensor. Sends a
frequency signal to the PCM. It is used
to reference fuel injector operation and
synchronize spark plug firing on
distributorless ignition systems (DIS).
CTS:
Coolant Temperature Sensor. A
resistance sensor that sends a voltage
signal to the PCM indicating the
temperature of the coolant. This signal
tells the PCM whether the engine is
“cold” or “warm”.
Data Link Connector (DLC):
The interface port between the
vehicle’s on-board computer and a
diagnostic tool. Vehicles with OBD II
use a 16-pin connector located in the
passenger compartment.
Data Stream:
The actual data communications sent
from the vehicle’s PCM to the data
connector.
DEPS:
Digital Engine Position Sensor.
Detonation:
See Knock.
DTC:
Diagnostic Trouble Code. Indicates a
malfunction flagged by the vehicle’s
computer.
DI/DIS:
Direct Ignition/Distributorless Ignition
System. A system that produces the
ignition spark without the use of a
distributor.
Duty Cycle:
A term applied to signals that switch
between “on” and “off”. Duty cycle is
the percentage of time the signal is
“on”. For example, if the signal is “on”
only one fourth of the time, then the
duty cycle is 25%. The PCM uses duty
cycle type signals to maintain precise
control of an actuator.
ECT:
Engine Coolant Temperature sensor.
See CTS.
EFI:
Electronic Fuel Injection. Any system
where a computer controls fuel delivery
to the engine by using fuel injectors.
EGR:
Exhaust Gas Recirculation. The PCM
uses the EGR system to recirculate
exhaust gases back into the intake
manifold to reduce emissions. EGR
Recirculation is used only during warm
engine cruise conditions. EGR flow at
other times can cause stalling or no
starts.
EPA:
Environmental Protection Agency.
ESC:
Electronic Spark Control. An ignition
system function that warns the PCM
when “knock” is detected. The PCM will
then retard spark timing to eliminate the
knocking condition.
EST:
Electronic Spark Timing. An ignition
system that allows the PCM to control
spark advance timing. The PCM
determines optimum spark timing from
sensor information
—
engine speed,
A-2
Glossary
throttle position, coolant temperature,
engine load, vehicle speed, Park/Neutral
switch position, and knock
sensorcondition
EVAP:
Evaporative Emissions System.
Hall Effect Sensor:
Any of a type of sensor utilizing a
permanent magnet and a transistorized
Hall Effect switch. Hall Effect type
sensors may be used to measure
speed and position of the crankshaft or
camshaft — for spark timing and fuel
injector control.
HO2S:
Heated Oxygen Sensor. See O2S.
IAC:
Idle Air Control. A device mounted on
the throttle body which adjusts the
amount of air bypassing a closed
throttle so that the PCM can control idle
speed.
ICM:
Ignition Control Module.
I/M:
Inspection and Maintenance.
ISC:
Idle Speed Control. A small electric
motor mounted on the throttle body and
controlled by the PCM. The PCM can
control idle speed by commanding the
ISC to adjust its position.
Knock:
Uncontrolled ignition of the air/fuel
mixture in the cylinder. Also referred to
as detonation or ping. Knock indicates
extreme cylinder pressures or
“hotspots” which are causing the
air/fuel mixture to detonate prematurely.
Knock Sensor (KS):
Used to detect engine detonation or
“knock.” The sensor contains a
piezoelectric element and is threaded
into the engine block. Special
construction makes the element
sensitive only to engine vibrations
associated with detonation.
KOEO:
Key On, Engine Off.
.
KOER:
Key On, Engine Running.
LCD:
Liquid Crystal Display.
LT:
Long Te rm fuel trim.
M/T:
Manual transmission or manual
transaxle.
MAF:
Mass Air Flow Sensor. Measures the
amount and density of air entering the
engine and sends a frequency or
voltage signal to the PCM. The PCM
uses this signal in its fuel delivery
calculations.
MAP:
Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor.
Measures intake manifold vacuum or
pressure and sends a frequency or
voltage signal (depending on sensor
type)
to the PCM. This gives the PCM
information on engine load for control
of fuel delivery, spark advance, and
EGR flow.
MAT:
Manifold Air Temperature sensor . A
resistance sensor in the intake
manifold that sends a voltage signal to
the PCM indicating the temperature of
the incoming air. The PCM uses this
signal for fuel delivery calculations.
MIL:
Malfunction Indicator Lamp. The MIL is
most commonly known as the Check
Engine Light. Also labeled Service
Engine Soon, Power Loss or Power
Limited.
Monitor:
A test performed by the on-board
computer to verify proper operation of
emission related systems or
components.
MPFI or MFI:
Multi-Port Fuel Injection. MPFI is a fuel
injection system using one (or more)
injector(s) for each cylinder. The
injectors are mounted in the intake
manifold, and fired in groups rather
than individually.
Glossary
A-3
NOx:
Oxides of Nitrogen. A pollutant. The
EGR system injects exhaust gases into
the intake manifold to reduce these
gases at the tailpipe.
O2S:
Oxygen Sensor. Generates a voltage of
0.6 to 1.1 volts when the exhaust gas is
rich (low oxygen content). The voltage
changes to 0.4 volts or less when the
exhaust gas is lean (high oxygen
content). This sensor only operates
after it reaches a temperature of
approximately 349°C (660°F). O2
sensors are usually found both
upstream and downstream of the
catalytic converter. The PCM uses
these sensors to fine tune the air-fuel
ratio and to monitor the efficiency of the
catalytic converter. See Bank 1, Bank
2, Sensor 1, Sensor 2.
ODM:
Output Device Monitor.
OBD II:
On-Board Diagnostics, Second
Generation. OBD II is a U.S.
Government-mandated standard
requiring all cars and light trucks to
have a common data connector,
connector location, communication
protocol, DTCs and code definitions.
OBD II first appeared on vehicles in
late 1994, and is required to be present
on all cars sold in the US after January
1, 1996.
Open Loop (O/L):
A control system mode that does not
monitor the output to verify if the
desired results were achieved. A fuel
delivery system will usually operate in
open loop mode during cold engine
warm-up because the oxygen sensors
are not yet ready to send a signal.
Without the oxygen sensor signal, the
computer cannot check the actual
results of combustion.
P/N:
Park/Neutral Switch. This switch tells
the PCM when the gear shift lever is in
the Park or Neutral position. When in
Park or Neutral, the PCM will operate
the engine in an “idle” mode.
PCM:
Powertrain Control Module. The
“brains” of the engine control system
housed in a metal box with a number of
sensors and actuators connected via a
wiring harness. Its job is to control fuel
delivery, idle speed, spark advance
timing, and emission systems. The
PCM receives information from
sensors, then energizes various
actuators to control the engine. The
PCM is also known as the ECM
(Engine Control Module).
PROM:
Programmable Read-Only Memory.
The PROM contains programming
information the PCM needs to operate
a specific vehicle model/engine
combination.
Pending Codes:
Also referred to as Continuous Memory
codes and Maturing Diagnostic Trouble
codes. These codes are set when
intermittent faults occur while driving. If
the fault does not occur after a certain
number of drive cycles, the code is
erased from memory.
Purge Solenoid:
Controls the flow of fuel vapors from
the carbon canister to the intake
manifold. The canister collects vapors
evaporating from the fuel tank,
preventing them from escaping to the
atmosphere and causing pollution.
During warm engine cruise conditions,
the PCM energizes the Purge Solenoid
so the trapped vapors are drawn into
the engine and burned.
Reluctance Sensor:
A type of sensor typically used to
measure crankshaft or camshaft Speed
and/or position, driveshaft speed, and
wheel speed
ROM:
Read-Only Memory. Permanent
programming information stored inside
the PCM, containing the information the
PCM needs to operate a specific
vehicle model/engine combination.
SAE:
Society of Automotive Engineers.
A-4
Glossary
Sensor:
Any device that reports information to
the PCM. The job of the sensor is to
convert a parameter such as engine
temperature into an electrical signal
that the PCM can understand.
Sensor 1:
A standard term used to identify the
location of oxygen sensors. Sensor 1 is
located upstream of the catalytic
converter. See O2S, Bank 1, Bank 2.
Sensor 2:
A standard term used to identify the
location of oxygen sensors. Sensor 2 is
located downstream of the catalytic
converter. See O2S, Bank 1, Bank 2.
SFI or SEFI:
Sequential Fuel Injection or Sequential
Electronic Fuel Injection. A fuel
injection system that uses one or more
injectors for each cylinder. The injectors
are mounted in the intake manifold, and
are fired individually.
ST:
Short Te rm fuel trim.
TBI:
Throttle Body Injection. A fuel injection
system having one or more injectors
mounted in a centrally located throttle
body, as opposed to positioning the
injectors close to an intake valve port.
TBI is also called Central Fuel Injection
(CFI) in some vehicles.
TDC:
To p Dead Center. When a piston is at
its uppermost position in the cylinder.
Throttle Body:
A device which performs the same
function as a carburetor in a fuel injection
system. On a throttle body injection (TBI)
system, the throttle body is both the air
door and the location of the fuel injectors.
On port fuel injection systems (PFI, MPFI,
SFI, etc.) the throttle body is simply an air
door. Fuel is not added until the injectors
at each intake port are activated. In each
case, the throttle body is attached to the
accelerator pedal.
Glossary
TPS:
Throttle Position Sensor.
Potentiometer-type sensor connected to
the throttle shaft. Its voltage signal
output increases as the throttle is
opened. The PCM uses this signal to
control many systems such as idle
speed, spark advance, fuel delivery,
etc.
TTS:
Transmission Temperature Sensor. A
resistance sensor mounted in the
transmission housing in contact with
the transmission fluid. It sends a
voltage signal to the PCM indicating the
temperature of the transmission.
VECI:
Vehic le Emission Control Information. A
decal located in the engine
compartment containing information
about the emission control systems
found on the vehicle. The VECI is the
authoritative source for determining
whether a vehicle is OBD II compliant.
VIN:
Vehic le Identification Number. This is
the factory-assigned vehicle serial
number. This number is stamped on a
number of locations throughout the
vehicle, but the most prominent
location is on top of the dashboard on
the driver’s side, visible from outside
the car. The VIN includes information
about the car, including where it was
built, body and engine codes, options,
and a sequential build number.
VSS:
Vehicle Speed Sensor. Sends a
frequency signal to the PCM. The
frequency increases as the vehicle moves
faster to give the PCM vehicle speed
information used to determine shift points,
engine load, and cruise control functions.
WOT:
Wide-Open Throttle. The vehicle
operating condition brought about when
the throttle is completely (or nearly) open.
The PCM will typically deliver extra fuel to
the engine and de-energize the A/C
compressor at this time for acceleration
purposes. The PCM uses a switch or the
Throttle Position Sensor to identify the
WOT condition.
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OBD II
In 1994, manufacturers began equipping vehicles with a new class of computer
technology which puts more processing power in the vehicle than ever before. It
is called On-Board Diagnostics, Second Generation (OBD II) and offers increased
system monitoring and diagnostic information. Beginning January 1, 1996,
vehicles sold in the U.S. are required to be OBD II compliant. However, a few
vehicles were exempt since no changes were made to the engine. Most domestic
manufacturers began using this system on some vehicles beginning as early as
1994.
OBD II systems are designed to meet or exceed standards and regulations to
improve air quality. These standards and regulations are primarily set forth by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Clean Air Act of 1990. Most of the
standards and regulations were developed by the California Air Resources Board
(CARB). OBD II systems are unique in that they possess the capability of
monitoring the performance of emission related systems and their components;
to detect hard and intermittent faults that may cause a vehicle to pollute.
This new system stores a large library of general trouble codes along with
manufacturer-specific codes, some of which can be accessed with the tool. These
codes cover:
B-Codes . . . . . . . Body Systems
C-Codes . . . . . Chassis Systems
Now, basic terms are standardized and all generic (global) codes share a common
format and terminology established by the manufacturers and the Society of
Automotive Engineers (SAE).
Basics of Computer-Controlled Vehicles
This section explains the engine computer control system, the types of sensors
and how the computer controls engine fuel delivery, idle speed and timing.
Additional information may be found in technical support books at your local library
or auto parts store. The more you know about the computer system, the better
you can diagnose vehicle computer problems.
Computer
regulations for lower emissions levels and improved fuel economy. This began in
the early 1980’s when basic mechanical systems were no longer able to accurately
control key engine parameters. A computer could be programmed to control the
engine under various operating conditions, making the engine more reliable. While
these early systems were very limited in the scope of their control, providing only
10 to 14 trouble codes, they did help guide the vehicle repair process.
Today,
efficient than ever before.
U-Codes . Network Communications
P-Codes . . . . . . Powertrain Systems
controls were originally installed on vehicles to meet federal government
computer controls have made cars and trucks faster, cleaner, and more
B-1
About OBD II
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