3D Connexion 6.6 User Manual

Keywords Reference ManualKeywords Reference Manual

Volume II: I–Z

Version 6.6

ABAQUS Keywords

Reference Manual

Volume II

Version 6.6

Trademarks and Legal Notices

CAUTIONARY NOTICE TO USERS:

This manual is intended for qualified users who will exercise sound e ngineering judgment and experti se in the use of the ABAQUS Software. The ABAQUS
Software is inherently complex, and the examp les and procedures in this manual are not intended to be exhaustive or to apply to any particular situation.
Users are cautioned to satisfy themselves as to the accuracy and results of their analyses.

ABAQUS, Inc. will not be responsible for the accuracy or usefulness of any analysis performed using the ABAQUS Software or the procedures, examples,
or explanations in this manual. ABAQUS, Inc. shall not be responsible for the consequences of any errors or omissions that ma y appear in this manual.

ABAQUS, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS MANUAL.

IN NO EVENT SHALL ABAQUS, INC. OR ITS THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE,
SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS,
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, OR LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION) EVEN IF ABAQUS, INC. HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY
OF SUCH DAMAGES.

The ABAQUS Software described in this manual is available only under license from ABAQUS, Inc. and may be used or reproduced only in accordance
with the terms of such license.

This manual and the software described in this manual are subje ct to change without prior notice.

No part of this manual may be reproduced or distributed in any form without prior written permission of ABAQUS, Inc.

© 2006 ABAQUS, Inc. All rights reserve d.

Printed in the United States of America.

U.S. GOVERNMENT USERS: The ABAQUS Software and its documentation are “commercial items,” specifically “commercial computer software” and
“commercial computer software documentation” and, consistent with FAR 12.212 and DFARS 227.7202, as applicable, are provided with restricted righ ts
in accordance with license terms.

TRADEMARKS

The trademarks and service marks (“trademarks”) in this manual are the property of ABAQUS, Inc. or third parties. You are not permitted to use these
trademarks without the prior written consent of ABAQUS, Inc. or such third parties.

The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of ABAQUS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries:
ABAQUS, ABAQUS/Standard, ABAQUS/Explicit, ABAQUS/CAE, ABAQUS/Viewer, ABAQUS/Aqua, ABAQUS/Design, ABAQUS/Foundation,
ABAQUS/AMS, ABAQUS for CATIA V5, VCCT for ABAQUS, DDAM for ABAQUS, Unified FEA, and the ABAQUS Logo. The 3DS logo and
SIMULIA are trademarks of Dassault Systèmes.

Other company, product, and service names m ay be trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. For additional information
concerning trademarks, copyrights, and licenses, see the Legal Notices in the ABAQUS Version 6.6 Release Notes and the notices at
http://www.abaqus.com/products/products_lega l.html.

Cover image: bolted joint in an ai rcraft brake courtesy Honeywell Landing Systems.

ABAQUS Offices and Representatives

ABAQUS, Inc. Rising Sun Mills, 166 Valley Street, Providence, RI 02909–2499, Tel: [phone],

ABAQUS Europe BV Gaetano Martinolaan 95, P. O. Box 1637, 6201 BP Maastricht, The Netherlands, Tel: [phone],

Fax: [phone], [e-mail], h ttp://www.abaqus.com

Fax: [phone], [e-mail]

Sales, Support, and Services

United States ABAQUS Central, West Lafayette, IN, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]

Argentina KB Engineering S. R. L., Buenos Aires, Tel: [phone]/7542, [e-mail]
Australia ABAQUS Australia Pty. Ltd., Richmond VIC, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Austria ABAQUS Austria GmbH, Vienna, Tel: + 43 1 929 16 25-0, [e-mail]
Benelux ABAQUS Benelux BV, Huizen, The Netherlands, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Brazil SMARTtech Mecânica Serviços e Sistemas Ltda, São Paulo, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
China ABAQUS China, Beijing, P. R. China, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
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France ABAQUS France SAS, Versailles, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Germany ABAQUS Deutschland GmbH, Aachen, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]

India ABAQUS Engineering India (P) Ltd., Alwarpet, Chennai, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Italy ABAQUS Italia s.r.l., Milano (MI), Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Japan ABAQUS, Inc., Tokyo, Tel: [phone] , [e-mail]

Korea ABAQUS Korea, Inc., Seoul, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Malaysia WorleyParsons Advanced Analysis, Kuala Lumpur, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
New Zealand Matrix Applied Computing Ltd., Auckland, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Poland BudSoft Sp. z o.o., Sw. Marcin, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Russia, Belarus & Ukraine TESIS Ltd., Moscow, Russia, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Singapore WorleyParsons Advanced Analysis, Singapore, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
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Spain Principia Ingenieros Consultores, S.A., Madrid, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Sweden ABAQUS Scandinavia, Västerås, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Taiwan APIC, Taipei, Tel: [phone], apic @apic.com.tw
Thailand WorleyParsons Adva nced Analysis, Bangkok, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
Turkey A-Ztech Ltd., Istanbul, TURKIYE, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
United Kingdom ABAQUS UK Ltd., Warrington, Cheshire, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]

ABAQUS East, Warwick, RI, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
ABAQUS Erie, Beachwood, OH, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
ABAQUS Great Lakes, Plymouth, MI, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
ABAQUS South, Flower Mound, TX, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
ABAQUS West, Fremont, CA, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]

ABAQUS Deutschland GmbH, München, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]

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Sales Only

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Complete contact information is available at http://www.abaqus.com.

ABAQUS South, Southeast Office, Acworth, GA, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
ABAQUS West, Southern CA and AZ Office, Tustin, CA, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]
ABAQUS West, Rocky Mountains Office, Boulder, CO, Tel: [phone], [e-mail]

Preface

This section lists various resources that are available for help with using ABAQUS.

Support

ABAQUS, Inc., offers both technical engineering support (for problems with creating a model or performing
an analysis) and sy stems support (for installat ion, licensing, and hardware-related problems) for ABAQUS
through a network of local support offices. Contact information is listed in the front of each ABAQUS manual.

ABAQUS Online Support System

The ABAQUS Online Support System (AOSS) has a knowledge database of ABAQUS Answers. The
ABAQUS Answers are solutions to questions that we have had to answer or guidelines on how to use
ABAQUS. You can also submit new requests for support in the AOSS. All support incidents are tracked in
the AOSS. If you are contacting us by means outside the AOSS to discuss an existing support problem and
you know the incident number, please mention it so tha t we can consult the database to see what the latest
action has been.

To use the AOSS, you need to register with the system. Visit the

Home Page for instructions on how to register.

Many questions about ABAQUS can also be answered by visiting the ABAQUS Home Page on the

World Wide Web at

http://www.abaqus.com

Anonymous ftp site

ABAQUS maintains useful documents on an anonymous ftp account on the computer ftp.abaqus.com. Login
as user anonymous, and type your e-mail address as your password.

My ABAQUS section of the ABAQUS

Trai nin g

All ABAQUS offices offer regularly scheduled public training classes. We also provide training seminars at
customer sites. All training classes and seminars include workshops to provide as much practical experience
with ABAQUS as possible. For a schedule and descriptions of available classes, see the ABAQUS Home
Page or call your local ABAQUS representative.

Feedback

We welcome any suggestions for improvements to ABAQUS software, the support program, or
documentation. We will ensure that any enhancement requests you make are considered for future releases.
If you wish to make a suggestion about the service or products provided by ABAQUS, refer to the ABAQUS
Home Page. Complaint s should be addressed by contacting your local office or through the ABAQUS Home
Page.

CONTENTS

Contents — Volume I

A

ACOUSTIC FLOW VELOCITY 1.1

*

ACOUSTIC MEDIUM 1.2

*

ACOUSTIC WAVE FORMULATION 1.3

*

ADAPTIVE MESH 1.4

*

ADAPTIVE MESH CONSTRAINT 1.5

*

ADAPTIVE MESH CONTROLS 1.6

*

AMPLITUDE 1.7

*

ANNEAL 1.8

*

ANNEAL TEMPERATURE 1.9

*

AQUA 1.10

*

ASSEMBLY 1.11

*

ASYMMETRIC-AXISYMMETRIC 1.12

*

AXIAL 1.13

*

B

BASE MOTION 2.1

*

BASELINE CORRECTION 2.2

*

BEAM ADDED INERTIA 2.3

*

BEAM FLUID INERTIA 2.4

*

BEAM GENERAL SECTION 2.5

*

BEAM SECTION 2.6

*

BEAM SECTION GENERATE 2.7

*

BIAXIAL TEST DATA 2.8

*

BLOCKAGE 2.9

*

BOND 2.10

*

BOUNDARY 2.11

*

BRITTLE CRACKING 2.12

*

BRITTLE FAILURE 2.13

*

BRITTLE SHEAR 2.14

*

BUCKLE 2.15

*

BUCKLING ENVELOPE 2.16

*

BUCKLING LENGTH 2.17

*

BUCKLING REDUCTION FACTORS 2.18

*

BULK VISCOSITY 2.19

*

v

CONTENTS

C

C ADDED MASS 3.1

*

CAPACITY 3.2

*

CAP CREEP 3.3

*

CAP HARDENING 3.4

*

CAP PLASTICITY 3.5

*

CAST IRON C OMPRESSION HARDENING 3.6

*

CAST IRON PLASTICITY 3.7

*

CAST IRON TENSION HARDENING 3.8

*

CAVITY DEFINITION 3.9

*

CECHARGE 3.10

*

CECURRENT 3.11

*

CENTROID 3.12

*

CFILM 3.13

*

CFLOW 3.14

*

CFLUX 3.15

*

CHANGE FRICTION 3.16

*

CLAY HARDENING 3.17

*

CLAY PLASTICITY 3.18

*

CLEARANCE 3.19

*

CLOAD 3.20

*

COHESIVE SECTION 3.21

*

COMBINED TEST DATA 3.22

*

COMPLEX FREQUENCY 3.23

*

CONCRETE 3.24

*

CONCRETE COMPRESSION DAMAGE 3.25

*

CONCRETE COMPRESSION HARDENING 3.26

*

CONCRETE DAMAGED PLASTICITY 3.27

*

CONCRETE TENSION DAMAGE 3.28

*

CONCRETE TENSION STIFFENING 3.29

*

CONDUCTIVITY 3.30

*

CONNECTOR BEHAVIOR 3.31

*

CONNECTOR CONSTITUTIVE REFERENCE 3.32

*

CONNECTOR DAMAGE EVOLUTION 3.33

*

CONNECTOR DAMAGE INITIATION 3.34

*

CONNECTOR DAMPING 3.35

*

CONNECTOR DERIVED COM PONENT 3.36

*

CONNECTOR ELASTICITY 3.37

*

CONNECTOR FAILURE 3.38

*

CONNECTOR FRICTION 3.39

*

CONNECTOR HARDENING 3.40

*

vi

CONTENTS

CONNECTOR LOAD 3.41

*

CONNECTOR LOCK 3.42

*

CONNECTOR MOTION 3.43

*

CONNECTOR PLASTICITY 3.44

*

CONNECTOR POTENTIAL 3.45

*

CONNECTOR SECTION 3.46

*

CONNECTOR STOP 3.47

*

CONSTRAINT CONTROLS 3.48

*

CONTACT 3.49

*

CONTACT CLEARANCE 3.50

*

CONTACT CLEARANCE ASSIGNMENT 3.51

*

CONTACT CONTROLS 3.52

*

CONTACT CONTROLS ASSIGNMENT 3.53

*

CONTACT DAMPING 3.54

*

CONTACT EXCLUSIONS 3.55

*

CONTACT FILE 3.56

*

CONTACT FORMULATION 3.57

*

CONTACT INCLUSIONS 3.58

*

CONTACT INTERFERENCE 3.59

*

CONTACT OUTPUT 3.60

*

CONTACT PAIR 3.61

*

CONTACT PRINT 3.62

*

CONTACT PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT 3.63

*

CONTACT RESPONSE 3.64

*

CONTOUR INTEGRAL 3.65

*

CONTROLS 3.66

*

CORRELATION 3.67

*

CO-SIMULATION 3.68

*

CO-SIMULATION REGION 3.69

*

COUPLED TEMPERATURE-DISPLACEMENT 3.70

*

COUPLED THERMAL-ELECTRICAL 3.71

*

COUPLING 3.72

*

CRADIATE 3.73

*

CREEP 3.74

*

CREEP STRAIN RATE CONTROL 3.75

*

CRUSHABLE FOAM 3.76

*

CRUSHABLE FOAM HARDENING 3.77

*

CYCLED PLASTIC 3.78

*

CYCLIC 3.79

*

CYCLIC HARDENING 3.80

*

CYCLIC SYMMETRY MODEL 3.81

*

vii

CONTENTS

D

D ADDED MASS 4.1

*

DAMAGE EVOLUTION 4.2

*

DAMAGE INITIATION 4.3

*

DAMAGE STABILIZATION 4.4

*

DAMPING 4.5

*

DASHPOT 4.6

*

DEBOND 4.7

*

DECHARGE 4.8

*

DECURRENT 4.9

*

DEFORMATION PLASTICITY 4.10

*

DENSITY 4.11

*

DEPVAR 4.12

*

DESIGN GRADIENT 4.13

*

DESIGN PARAMETER 4.14

*

DESIGN RESPONSE 4.15

*

DETONATION POINT 4.16

*

DFLOW 4.17

*

DFLUX 4.18

*

DIAGNOSTICS 4.19

*

DIELECTRIC 4.20

*

DIFFUSIVITY 4.21

*

DIRECT CYCLIC 4.22

*

DISPLAY BOD Y 4.23

*

DISTRIBUTION 4.24

*

DISTRIBUTING 4.25

*

DISTRIBUTING COUPLING 4.26

*

DLOAD 4.27

*

DRAG CHAIN 4.28

*

DRUCKER PRAGER 4.29

*

DRUCKER PRAGER CREEP 4.30

*

DRUCKER PRAGER HARDENING 4.31

*

DSA CONTROLS 4.32

*

DSECHARGE 4.33

*

DSECURRENT 4.34

*

DSFLOW 4.35

*

DSFLUX 4.36

*

DSLOAD 4.37

*

DYNAMIC 4.38

*

DYNAMIC TEMPERATURE-DISPLACEMENT 4.39

*

viii

CONTENTS

E

EL FILE 5.1

*

EL PRINT 5.2

*

ELASTIC 5.3

*

ELCOPY 5.4

*

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 5.5

*

ELEMENT 5.6

*

ELEMENT MATRIX OUTPUT 5.7

*

ELEMENT OUTPUT 5.8

*

ELEMENT PROPERTIES 5.9

*

ELEMENT RESPONSE 5.10

*

ELGEN 5.11

*

ELSET 5.12

*

EMBEDDED ELEMENT 5.13

*

EMISSIVITY 5.14

*

END ASSEMBLY 5.15

*

END INSTANCE 5.16

*

END LOAD CASE 5.17

*

END PART 5.18

*

END STEP 5.19

*

ENERGY FILE 5.20

*

ENERGY OUTPUT 5.21

*

ENERGY PRINT 5.22

*

EOS 5.23

*

EOS COMPACTION 5.24

*

EOS SHEAR 5.25

*

EPJOINT 5.26

*

EQUATION 5.27

*

EXPANSION 5.28

*

EXTREME ELEMENT VALUE 5.29

*

EXTREME NODE VALUE 5.30

*

EXTREME VALUE 5.31

*

F

FAIL STRAIN 6.1

*

FAIL S TRES S 6.2

*

FAILURE RATIOS 6.3

*

FASTENER 6.4

*

FASTENER PROPERTY 6.5

*

FIELD 6.6

*

FILE FORMAT 6.7

*

ix

CONTENTS

FILE OUTPUT 6.8

*

FILM 6.9

*

FILM PROPERTY 6.10

*

FILTER 6.11

*

FIXED MASS SCALING 6.12

*

FLOW 6.13

*

FLUID BEHAVIOR 6.14

*

FLUID BULK MODULUS 6.15

*

FLUID CAVITY 6.16

*

FLUID DENSITY 6.17

*

FLUID EXCHANGE 6.18

*

FLUID EXCHANGE ACTIVATION 6.19

*

FLUID EXCHANGE PROPERTY 6.20

*

FLUID EXPANSION 6.21

*

FLUID FLUX 6.22

*

FLUID INFLATOR 6.23

*

FLUID INFLATOR ACTIVATION 6.24

*

FLUID INFLATOR MIXTURE 6.25

*

FLUID INFLATOR PROPERTY 6.26

*

FLUID LEAKOFF 6.27

*

FLUID LINK 6.28

*

FLUID PROPERTY 6.29

*

FOUNDATION 6.30

*

FRACTURE CRITERION 6.31

*

FRAME SECTION 6.32

*

FREQUENCY 6.33

*

FRICTION 6.34

*

G

GAP 7.1

*

GAP CONDUCTANCE 7.2

*

GAP ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE 7.3

*

GAP FLOW 7.4

*

GAP HEAT GENERATION 7.5

*

GAP RADIATION 7.6

*

GASKET BEHAVIOR 7.7

*

GASKET CONTACT AREA 7.8

*

GASKET ELASTICITY 7.9

*

GASKET SECTION 7.10

*

GASKET THICKNESS BEHAVIOR 7.11

*

GEL 7.12

*

GEOSTATIC 7.13

*

x

CONTENTS

H

HEADING 8.1

*

HEAT GENERATION 8.2

*

HEAT TRANSFER 8.3

*

HEATCAP 8.4

*

HOURGLASS STIFFNESS 8.5

*

HYPERELASTIC 8.6

*

HYPERFOAM 8.7

*

HYPOELASTIC 8.8

*

HYSTERESIS 8.9

*

xi

CONTENTS

I

IMPEDANCE 9.1

*

IMPEDANCE PROPERTY 9.2

*

IMPERFECTION 9.3

*

IMPORT 9.4

*

IMPORT CONTROLS 9.5

*

IMPORT ELSET 9.6

*

IMPORT NSET 9.7

*

INCIDENT WAVE 9.8

*

INCIDENT WAVE FLUID PROPERTY 9.9

*

INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION 9.10

*

INCIDENT WAVE INTERACTION PROPERTY 9.11

*

INCIDENT WAVE PROPERTY 9.12

*

INCIDENT WAVE REFLECTION 9.13

*

INCLUDE 9.14

*

INCREMENTATION OUTPUT 9.15

*

INELASTIC HEAT FRACTION 9.16

*

INERTIA RELIEF 9.17

*

INITIAL CONDITIONS 9.18

*

INSTANCE 9.19

*

INTEGRATED OUTPUT 9.20

*

INTEGRATED OUTPUT SECTION 9.21

*

INTERACTION OUTPUT 9.22

*

INTERACTION PRINT 9.23

*

INTERFACE 9.24

*

ITS 9.25

*

Contents — Volume II

J

JOINT 10.1

*

JOINT ELASTICITY 10.2

*

JOINT PLASTICITY 10.3

*

JOINTED MATERIAL 10.4

*

JOULE HEAT FRACTION 10.5

*

K

KAPPA 11.1

*

KINEMATIC 11.2

*

KINEMATIC COUPLING 11.3

*

xii

CONTENTS

L

LATENT HEAT 12.1

*

LOAD CASE 12.2

*

M

MAP SOLUTION 13.1

*

MASS 13.2

*

MASS DIFFUSION 13.3

*

MASS FLOW RATE 13.4

*

MATERIAL 13.5

*

MATRIX 13.6

*

MATRIX ASSEMBLE 13.7

*

MATRIX INPUT 13.8

*

MEMBRANE SECTION 13.9

*

MODAL DAMPING 13.10

*

MODAL DYNAMIC 13.11

*

MODAL FILE 13.12

*

MODAL OUTPUT 13.13

*

MODAL PRINT 13.14

*

MODEL CHANGE 13.15

*

MOHR COULOMB 13.16

*

MOHR COULOMB HARDENING 13.17

*

MOISTURE SWELLING 13.18

*

MOLECULAR WEIGHT 13.19

*

MONITOR 13.20

*

MOTION 13.21

*

MPC 13.22

*

MULLINS EFFECT 13.23

*

M1 13.24

*

M2 13.25

*

N

NCOPY 14.1

*

NFILL 14.2

*

NGEN 14.3

*

NMAP 14.4

*

NO COMPRESSION 14.5

*

NO TENSION 14.6

*

NODAL THICKNESS 14.7

*

NODE 14.8

*

xiii

CONTENTS

NODE FILE 14.9

*

NODE OUTPUT 14.10

*

NODE PRINT 14.11

*

NODE RESPONSE 14.12

*

NONSTRUCTURAL MASS 14.13

*

NORMAL 14.14

*

NSET 14.15

*

O

ORIENTATION 15.1

*

ORNL 15.2

*

OUTPUT 15.3

*

P, Q

PA RAMETER 16.1

*

PA RAMETER DEPENDENCE 16.2

*

PA RAMETER SHAPE VARIATION 16.3

*

PART 16.4

*

PERIODIC 16.5

*

PERMEABILITY 16.6

*

PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 16.7

*

PIEZOELECTRIC 16.8

*

PIPE-SOIL INTERACTION 16.9

*

PIPE-SOIL STIFFNESS 16.10

*

PLANAR TEST DATA 16.11

*

PLASTIC 16.12

*

PLASTIC AXIAL 16.13

*

PLASTIC M1 16.14

*

PLASTIC M2 16.15

*

PLASTIC TORQUE 16.16

*

POROUS BULK MODULI 16.17

*

POROUS ELASTIC 16.18

*

POROUS FAILURE CRITERIA 16.19

*

POROUS METAL PLASTICITY 16.20

*

POST OUTPUT 16.21

*

POTENTIAL 16.22

*

PREPRINT 16.23

*

PRESSURE PENETRATION 16.24

*

PRESSURE STRESS 16.25

*

PRESTRESS HOLD 16.26

*

PRE-TENSION SECTION 16.27

*

xiv

CONTENTS

PRINT 16.28

*

PSD-DEFINITION 16.29

*

R

RADIATE 17.1

*

RADIATION FILE 17.2

*

RADIATION OUTPUT 17.3

*

RADIATION PRINT 17.4

*

RADIATION SYMMETRY 17.5

*

RADIATION VIEWFACTOR 17.6

*

RANDOM RESPONSE 17.7

*

RATE DEPENDENT 17.8

*

RATIOS 17.9

*

REBAR 17.10

*

REBAR LAYER 17.11

*

REFLECTION 17.12

*

RELEASE 17.13

*

RESPONSE SPECTRUM 17.14

*

RESTART 17.15

*

RETAINED EIGENMODES 17.16

*

RETAINED NODAL DOFS 17.17

*

RIGID BODY 17.18

*

RIGID SURFACE 17.19

*

ROTARY INERTIA 17.20

*

S

SECTION CONTROLS 18.1

*

SECTION FILE 18.2

*

SECTION ORIGIN 18.3

*

SECTION POINTS 18.4

*

SECTION PRINT 18.5

*

SELECT CYCLIC SYMM ETRY MODES 18.6

*

SELECT EIGENMODES 18.7

*

SFILM 18.8

*

SFLOW 18.9

*

SHEAR CENTER 18.10

*

SHEAR FAILURE 18.11

*

SHEAR RETENTION 18.12

*

SHEAR TEST DATA 18.13

*

SHELL GENERAL SECTION 18.14

*

SHELL SECTION 18.15

*

SHELL TO SOLID COUPLING 18.16

*

xv

CONTENTS

SIMPEDANCE 18.17

*

SIMPLE SHEAR TEST DATA 18.18

*

SLIDE LINE 18.19

*

SLOAD 18.20

*

SOILS 18.21

*

SOLID SECTION 18.22

*

SOLUBILITY 18.23

*

SOLUTION TECHNIQUE 18.24

*

SOLVER CONTROL S 18.25

*

SORPTION 18.26

*

SPECIFIC HEAT 18.27

*

SPECTRUM 18.28

*

SPRING 18.29

*

SRADIATE 18.30

*

STATIC 18.31

*

STEADY STATE CRITERIA 18.32

*

STEADY STATE DETECTION 18.33

*

STEADY STATE DYNAMICS 18.34

*

STEADY STATE TRANSPORT 18.35

*

STEP 18.36

*

SUBMODEL 18.37

*

SUBSTRUCTURE COPY 18.38

*

SUBSTRUCTURE DELETE 18.39

*

SUBSTRUCTURE DIRECTORY 18.40

*

SUBSTRUCTURE GENERATE 18.41

*

SUBSTRUCTURE LOAD CASE 18.42

*

SUBSTRUCTURE MATRIX OUTPUT 18.43

*

SUBSTRUCTURE PATH 18.44

*

SUBSTRUCTURE PROPERTY 18.45

*

SURFACE 18.46

*

SURFACE BEHAVIOR 18.47

*

SURFACE FLAW 18.48

*

SURFACE INTERACTION 18.49

*

SURFACE PROPERTY 18.50

*

SURFACE PROPERTY ASSIGNMENT 18.51

*

SURFACE SECTION 18.52

*

SWELLING 18.53

*

SYMMETRIC MODEL GENERATION 18.54

*

SYMMETRIC RESULTS TRANSFER 18.55

*

SYSTEM 18.56

*

xvi

CONTENTS

T

TEMPERATURE 19.1

*

TENSILE FAILURE 19.2

*

TENSION STIFFENING 19.3

*

THERMAL EXPANSION 19.4

*

TIE 19.5

*

TIME POINTS 19.6

*

TORQUE 19.7

*

TORQUE PRINT 19.8

*

TRACER PARTICLE 19.9

*

TRANSFORM 19.10

*

TRANSPORT VELOCITY 19.11

*

TRANSVERSE SHEAR STIFFNESS 19.12

*

TRIAXIAL TEST DATA 19.13

*

TRS 19.14

*

U

UEL PROPERTY 20.1

*

UNDEX CHARGE PROPERTY 20.2

*

UNIAXIAL TEST DATA 20.3

*

USER DEFINED FIELD 20.4

*

USER ELEMENT 20.5

*

USER MATERIAL 20.6

*

USER OUTPUT VARIABLES 20.7

*

V

VARIABLE MASS SCALING 21.1

*

VIEWFACTOR OUTPUT 21.2

*

VISCO 21.3

*

VISCOELASTIC 21.4

*

VISCOUS 21.5

*

VOID NUCLEATION 21.6

*

VOLUMETRIC TEST DATA 21.7

*

W, X, Y, Z

WAVE 22.1

*

WIND 22.2

*

xvii

9. I

I

IMPEDANCE

*

9.1

This option is used to provide boundary impedances or nonreflecting boundaries for acoustic and coupled
acoustic-structural analyses.

Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/Explicit

Typ e: History data

Level: Step

References:

“Acoustic, shock, and coupled acoustic-structural analysis,” Section 6.9.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis

•

User’s Manual

“Acoustic loads,” Section 27.4.5 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual

•

• *

• *

Required, mutually exclusive parameters:

PROPERTY

IMPEDANCE: Define impedances for acoustic analysis.

*

IMPEDANCE PROPERTY

SIMPEDANCE

Set this parameter equal to the name of the*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY option defining the table
of impedance values to be used.

NONREFLECTING

Set NONREFLECTING=PLANAR (default) to specify the im pedance corresponding to that of a
normal incidence plane wave.

Set NONREFLECTING=IMPROVED to specify the impedance corresponding to that of
a plane wave at an arbitrary angle of incidence. This parameter can be used only for transient
dynamics.

Set NONREFLECTING=CIRCULAR to specify a radiation condition appropriate for a
circular boundary in two dimensions or a right circular cylinder in three dimensions.

Set NONREFLECTING=SPH ERICAL to specify a radiation condition appropriate for a
spherical boundary.

Set NONREFLECTING=ELLIPTICAL to specify a radiation condition appropriate for an
elliptical boundary in two dimensions or a right elliptical cylinder in three dim ensions.

Set NONR EFLECTING=PROLATE SPHEROIDAL to specify a radiation condition
appropriate for a prolate spheroidal boundary.

9.1–1

IMPEDANCE

*

Optional parameter:

OP

Set OP=MOD (default) to modify existing impedances or to define additional impedances.

Set OP=NEW if all existing impedances applied to the model should be removed. To remove
only selected impedances, use OP=NEW and respecify all impedances that are to be retained.

Data line to define an impedance for PROPERTY, NONREFLECTING=PLANAR, or
NONREFLECTING=IMPROVED:

First (and only) line:

1. Element number or element set label.

2. Surface impedance type label, I n, for impedance on face n.

Data line to define an absorbing boundary impedance for NONREFLECTING=CIRCULAR or
NONREFLECTING=SPHERICAL:

First (and only) line:

1. Element number or element set label.

2. Surface impedance type label, I n, for impedance on face n.

, the radius of the circle or sphere defining the absorbing boundary surface.

3.

Data line to define an absorbing boundary impedance for NONREFLECTING=ELLIPTICAL or
NONREFLECTING=PROLATE SPHEROIDAL:

First (and only) line:

1. Element number or element set label.

2. Surface impedance type label, I n, for impedance on face n.

3. The semimajor axis, a, of the ellipse or prolate spheroid defining the surface. a is 1/2 of the

maximum distance between two points on the ellipse or spheroid, analogous to the radius of a

circle or sphere.

4. The eccentricity,

, of the ellipse or prolate spheroid. The eccentricity is the square root of

one minus the square of the ratio of the se miminor axis, b, to the semimajor axis, a:

.

5. Global X-coordinate of the center of the ellipse or prolate spheroid defining the radiating

surface.

6. Global Y-coordinate of the center of the ellipse or prolate spheroid defining the radiating

surface.

7. Global Z-coordinate of the c enter of the ellipse or prolate spheroid defining the radiating

surface.

9.1–2

IMPEDANCE

*

8. X-component of the direction cosine of the major axis of the ellipse or prolate spheroid defining

the radiating surface. The components of this vector need not be normalized to unit magnitude.

9. Y-component of the direction cosine of the major axis of the ellipse or prolate spheroid defining

the radiating surface.

10. Z-component of the direction cosine of the major axis of the ellipse or prolate spheroid defining

the radiating surface.

9.1–3

IMPEDANCE PROPERTY

*

9.2

This option is used to define the proportionality factors between the pressure and the normal components of
surface displacement and velocity in acoustic analysis. The*IMPEDANCE PROPERTY option must be used
in conjunction with the*IMPEDANCE or*SIMPEDANCE option.

Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/Explicit

Typ e: Model data

Level: Model

References:

“Acoustic loads,” Section 27.4.5 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual

•

• *

• *

Required parameter:

IMPEDANCE PROPERTY: Define the impedance parameters for an acoustic medium

*
boundary.

IMPEDANCE

SIMPEDANCE

NAME

Set this param eter equal to a label that will be used to refer to the impedance property on the

IMPEDANCE or*SIMPEDANCE option.

*

Optional parameters:

DATA

Set DATA=ADMITTANCE (default) to specify an impedance using a table of admittance values.

Set DATA=IMPEDANCE to specify an impedance using a table of real and imaginary parts
of the impedance.

INPUT

Set this parameter equal to the name of the alternate input file containing the data lines for this
option. See “Input syntax rules,” Section 1.2.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual, for the
syntax of such file names. If this parameter is omitted, it is assumed that the data follow the keyword
line.

9.2–1

IMPEDANCE PROPERTY

*

Data lines to define an impedance using DATA=ADMITTANCE (default):

First line:

1. , the proportionality factor between pressure and displacement of the surface in the normal
direction. This quantity is the imaginary part of the complex admittance, divided by the angular
frequency; see “Acoustic loads,” Section 27.4.5 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual.
(Units of F

2.
direction. This quantity is the real part of the complex admittance. (Units of F

−1L3

.)

, the proportionality factor between pressure and velocity of the surface in the normal

−1L3T−1

.)

3. Frequency. (Cycles/time.) Frequency dependence is active only during frequency domain
analysis in ABAQUS/Standard.

Repeat this data line as often as necessary in ABAQUS/Standard to describe the variation of the
coefficients w ith frequency. Only the first line entered will be used in direct-integration procedures.

Data lines to define an impedance using DATA=IMPEDANCE:

First line:

1. , the real part of the surface im pedance. (Units of F L−3T.)

2.

, the imaginary part of the surface impedance. (Units of F L−3T.)

3. Frequency. (Cycles/time.) Frequency dependence is active only during frequency domain
analysis in ABAQUS/Standard.

Repeat this data line as often as necessary in ABAQUS/Standard to describe the variation of the
coefficients w ith frequency. Only the first line entered will be used in direct-integration procedures.

9.2–2

IMPERFECTION

*

9.3

This option is used to introduce a geometric imperfection into a model for a postbuckling analysis.

Products: ABAQUS/Standard ABAQUS/Explicit

Typ e: Model data

Level: Model

References:

“Introducing a geometric imperfection into a model,” Section 11.3.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s

•

Manual

“Unstable collapse and postbuckling analysis,” Section 6.2.4 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual

•

“Eigenvalue buckling prediction,” Section 6.2.3 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual

•

Optional parameters (mutually exclusive-if neither parameter is specified, ABAQUS assumes
that the imperfection data will be entered directly on the data lines):

FILE

IMPERFECTION: Introduce geometric imperfections for postbuckling analysis.

*

Set this param eter equal to the nam e of the results file from a previous ABAQUS/Standard analysis
containing either the mode shapes from a*BUCKLE or*FREQUENCY analysis or the nodal
displacements from a*STATIC analysis.

INPUT

Set this parameter equal to the name of the alternate input file containing the imperfection data, in
general, as the node number and imperfection values in the global coordinate system. See “Input
syntax rules,” Section 1.2.1 of the ABAQUS Analysis User’s Manual, for the syntax of such file
names.

Required parameter if the FILE parameter is used:

STEP

Set this parameter equal to the step number (in the analysis whose results file is being used as input
to this option) from which the modal or displacement data are to be read.

Optional parameters if the FILE parameter is used:

INC

Set this parameter equal to the increm ent number (in the analysis whose results file is being used as
input to this option) from which the displacement data are to be read. If this parameter is omitted,
ABAQUS will read the data from the last increment available for the specified step on the results
file.

9.3–1

IMPERFECTION

*

NSET

Set this parameter equal to the node set to which the geometric imperfection values are to be applied.
If this parameter is omitt ed, the imperfection will be applied to all nodes in the model.

Optional parameter if the FILE parameter is omitted:

SYSTEM

Set SYSTEM=R (default) to specify the imperfection as perturbation values of Cartesian
coordinates. Set SYSTEM=C to specify the imperfection as perturbation values of cylindrical
coordinates. Set SYSTEM=S to specify the imperfection as perturbation values of spherical
coordinates. See Figure 9.3–1.

The SYSTEM parameter is entirely local to this option and should not be confused with the

SYSTEM option. As the data lines are read, the imperfection values specified are transformed

*
to the global rectangular Cartesian coordinate system. This transformation requires that the object

be centered about the origin of the global coordinate system; i.e., the*SYSTEM option should
be off when specifying imperfections as perturbation values using either cylindrical or spherical
coordinates.

Data lines to define the imperfection as a linear superposition of mode shapes from the results
file:

First line:

1. Mode number.

2. Scaling factor for this mode.

Repeat this data line as often as necessary to define the imperfection as a linear combination of mode
shapes.

Data line to define the imperfection based on the solution o f a static analysis from the results file:

First (and only) line:

1. Set to 1.

2. Scaling factor.

Data lines to define the imperfection if the FILE and INPUT parameters are omitted:

First line:

1. Node number.

2. Component of imperfection in the first coordinate direction.

3. Component of imperfection in the second coordinate direction.

4. Component of imperfection in the third coordinate direction.

Repeat this data line as often as necessary to define the imperfection.

9.3–2