Western Digital WD5000AAKX Manual

WD Caviar® Blue™ XL500S

SATA Hard Drives

Manual Reference Technical

WD5000AAKX

WD5000AAKS

WD3200AAKX

WD2500AAKX

WD CONFIDENTIAL

© 2010 Western Digital Technologies, Inc.

All Rights Reserved

Information furnished by WD is believed to be accurate and reliable. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of WD. WD reserves the right to change specifications at any time without notice.

Western Digital, WD, the WD logo, and WD Caviar are registered trademarks; and WD Caviar Blue, IntelliSeek, NoTouch, Data Lifeguard, CacheFlow, and FIT Lab are trademarks of Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Other marks may be mentioned herein that belong to other companies.

Western Digital

20511 Lake Forest Drive

Lake Forest, CA 92630

2679-701211-A06

Document Control Number Definition:

2679-701xxx-	0xx-Px	NRD
Doc Control No.	Doc Revision Level	Non-Released Document
	Oxx = Released Version
	Px = Review Cycle

WD CONFIDENTIAL

WD Caviar Blue XL500S

Technical Reference Manual

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XL500S Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.	DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES .................................................................................................			1
	1.1	General Description.......................................................................................................................................................................		1
	1.2	Product Features ............................................................................................................................................................................		2
2.	SPECIFICATIONS.......................................................................................................................			4
	2.1	Performance Specifications .........................................................................................................................................................		4
	2.2	Physical Specifications..................................................................................................................................................................		5
		2.2.1	Physical Dimensions ......................................................................................................................................................	6
	2.3	Mechanical Specifications............................................................................................................................................................		7
	2.4	Electrical Specifications................................................................................................................................................................		8
		2.4.1	Current Requirements and Power Dissipation ........................................................................................................	8
		2.4.2	Input Voltage Requirements .........................................................................................................................................	9
		2.4.3	Ripple.................................................................................................................................................................................	9
		2.4.4	Power Connectors and Cables...................................................................................................................................	9
	2.5	Environmental Specifications.....................................................................................................................................................		10
		2.5.1	Shock and Vibration .....................................................................................................................................................	10
		2.5.2	Temperature and Humidity .........................................................................................................................................	11
		2.5.3	Thermocouple Location...............................................................................................................................................	11
		2.5.4	Cooling............................................................................................................................................................................	12
		2.5.5	Atmospheric Pressure .................................................................................................................................................	12
		2.5.6	Acoustics ........................................................................................................................................................................	12
		2.5.7	RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) ......................................................................................................	12
	2.6	Reliability Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................		12
	2.7	Device Plug Connector Pin Definitions ...................................................................................................................................		13
	2.8	Agency Approvals.........................................................................................................................................................................		14
	2.9	Full Model Number Specification..............................................................................................................................................		14
3.	PRODUCT FEATURES..............................................................................................................			15
	3.1	SATA 6 Gb/s and 3 Gb/s .........................................................................................................................................................		15
	3.2	Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR).............................................................................................................................		16
	3.3	IntelliSeek .......................................................................................................................................................................................		16
	3.4	NoTouch Ramp Load Technology ............................................................................................................................................		16
	3.5	Native Command Queuing (NCQ)...........................................................................................................................................		16
	3.6	Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) ..........................................................................................................................................		16
	3.7	Femto Slider...................................................................................................................................................................................		17
	3.8	S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT)...................................................................................................................................		17
		3.8.1	Write Same ....................................................................................................................................................................	17
		3.8.2	Read/Write Long ..........................................................................................................................................................	17
		3.8.3	Temperature Reporting................................................................................................................................................	17
	3.9	World Wide Name (WWN) .......................................................................................................................................................		18
	3.10	Reliability Features Set................................................................................................................................................................		18
		3.10.1	Data Lifeguard™ ............................................................................................................................................................	18
		3.10.2	Thermal Management ..................................................................................................................................................	19
		3.10.3	Internal Environmental Protection System ..............................................................................................................	19
		3.10.4	Recoverable Errors.......................................................................................................................................................	19
		3.10.5	Unrecoverable Errors ...................................................................................................................................................	19
		3.10.6	Self Test ..........................................................................................................................................................................	19
		3.10.7	ATA Error Logging........................................................................................................................................................	20
		3.10.8	Defect Management.....................................................................................................................................................	20
		3.10.9	Automatic Defect Retirement.....................................................................................................................................	20
		3.10.10 Error Recovery Process...............................................................................................................................................		20
	3.11	Hot Plug Support..........................................................................................................................................................................		21
		3.11.1	Hot Plug Technical Issues ..........................................................................................................................................	21
	3.12	Active LED Status ........................................................................................................................................................................		24
	3.13	Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB)..................................................................................................................................................		24
	3.14	Staggered Spinup and Activity Indication (SATA Power Pin 11) .....................................................................................		24
		3.14.1	Staggered Spinup ........................................................................................................................................................	24

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Table of Contents					XL500S
			3.14.2	Activity Indication ..........................................................................................................................................................	24
		3.15	CacheFlow™ ..................................................................................................................................................................................		24
			3.15.1	Write Cache...................................................................................................................................................................	25
			3.15.2	Read Cache ...................................................................................................................................................................	25
		3.16	48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) ..................................................................................................................................		25
		3.17	Power Management .....................................................................................................................................................................		25
		3.18	Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)..................................................................................		26
		3.19	Security Mode ...............................................................................................................................................................................		26
			3.19.1	Master and User Passwords ......................................................................................................................................	26
			3.19.2	Security Levels ..............................................................................................................................................................	26
		3.20	Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM)................................................................................................................................		26
4.		ATA COMMAND SET .............................................................................................................			27
		4.1	Host Interface Commands .........................................................................................................................................................		27
			4.1.1	ATA-8 Commands........................................................................................................................................................	27
			4.1.2	Optional Subcommands .............................................................................................................................................	28
			4.1.3	Obsolete Commands...................................................................................................................................................	28
			4.1.4	SCT Commands ...........................................................................................................................................................	29
		4.2	S.M.A.R.T. (B0h)...........................................................................................................................................................................		29
			4.2.1	Read Attribute Values Sub-Command ....................................................................................................................	29
			4.2.2	Supported Attributes ...................................................................................................................................................	31
			4.2.3	Read Log Sector...........................................................................................................................................................	32
		4.3	Identify Device (ECh)...................................................................................................................................................................		33
		4.4	Set Features (EFh) ......................................................................................................................................................................		39
	5. INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES.............................................................................				40
		5.1	Unpacking ......................................................................................................................................................................................		40
			5.1.1	Handling Precautions...................................................................................................................................................	40
			5.1.2	Inspection of Shipping Container .............................................................................................................................	40
			5.1.3	Removal From Shipping Container...........................................................................................................................	40
			5.1.4	Removal From Static Shielding Bag.........................................................................................................................	40
			5.1.5	Moving Precautions......................................................................................................................................................	41
		5.2	Mounting.........................................................................................................................................................................................		41
			5.2.1	Mounting Restrictions..................................................................................................................................................	41
			5.2.2	Orientation......................................................................................................................................................................	41
			5.2.3	Screw Size Limitations ................................................................................................................................................	41
			5.2.4	Grounding.......................................................................................................................................................................	41
		5.3	Hard Drive Installation..................................................................................................................................................................		41
			5.3.1	Jumper Settings.............................................................................................................................................................	42
			5.3.2	Attach the Power Supply Cable................................................................................................................................	44
			5.3.3	Attach SATA Interface Cable.....................................................................................................................................	44
		5.4	Serial ATA Latching Connector ................................................................................................................................................		44
6.		MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................			45
7.		TECHNICAL SUPPORT.............................................................................................................			46
		7.1	WD Online Services ....................................................................................................................................................................		46
8.		GLOSSARY ..............................................................................................................................			47

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XL500S		List of Figures
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1	Mounting Dimensions...........................................................................................................................................	7
Figure 2-2	Drive Base Casting Thermocouple Location ...............................................................................................	11
Figure 2-3	Forced Airflow Direction ...................................................................................................................................	12
Figure 2-4	Standard Factory Connectors .........................................................................................................................	13
Figure 5-1 SATA 6 Gb/s Jumper Settings........................................................................................................................		42
Figure 5-2 SATA 3 Gb/s Jumper Settings........................................................................................................................		43
Figure 5-3	Connector Locations .........................................................................................................................................	44
Figure 5-4	SATA Interface Cable........................................................................................................................................	44

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List of Tables		XL500S
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1	Shock and Vibration ............................................................................................................................................	10
Table 2-2	Device Pin Connector Pin Definitions.............................................................................................................	13
Table 2-3	Full Model Number Description........................................................................................................................	14
Table 4-1 ATA-8 Command Opcodes ..............................................................................................................................		27
Table 4-2 Optional Subcommands ...................................................................................................................................		28
Table 4-3 Obsolete Command Opcodes .........................................................................................................................		28
Table 4-4 SCT Action Codes ..............................................................................................................................................		29
Table 4-5	Definitions for the 512 Bytes. ...........................................................................................................................	29
Table 4-6	Defined Error Logging Sectors.........................................................................................................................	32
Table 4-7	Identify Device Command..................................................................................................................................	33

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Description and Features

1.0DESCRIPTION AND FEATURES

1.1General Description

This WD SATA drive combines up to 16 MB cache and 6 Gb/s transfer rate for lightning-fast performance and cool, quiet operation. WD’s IntelliSeek™ technology calculates the optimum seek speeds to lower power consumption, noise and vibration. And to increase reliability, NoTouch™ parks the recording head off the drive surface during spin up, spin down and when the drive is off to ensure the head never touches the disk surface. These drives scored a perfect 5.9 on the Windows Experience Index and are Windows Vista™ certified.

These hard drives are your best choice for today’s powerful, information-hungry systems running Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Windows 2003 Server, Windows Vista, Windows XP, and Windows 2000 operating systems on Intel® Itanium®, Xeon™ and Pentium® 4 as well as AMD processors.

WD’s rugged and reliable hard drives are designed and manufactured to the highest standards of quality and reliability. Built to last, this SATA hard drive is made for years of coolrunning, high-performance operation around the clock. Before shipping, every drive undergoes over 200 rigorous tests to ensure functionality and compatibility.

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Description and Features		XL500S

1.2Product Features

Serial ATA (SATA) — Serial ATA (SATA) is the next generation bus interface for hard drives. It is designed to replace Parallel ATA, and has many advantages including increased transfer rate, improved signal integrity, enhanced data protection, and hot plug support.

Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR) — With PMR technology the magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk, rather than longitudinally as has been the case in hard drive technology for decades. This enables more data on a given disk than is possible with conventional longitudinal recording, and provides a platform for future expansion of hard drive densities.

IntelliSeek™ — Key product feature that calculates optimum seek speeds to lower power consumption, noise, and vibration.

NoTouch™ Ramp Load Technology — The recording head never touches the disk media ensuring significantly less wear to the recording head and media as well as better drive protection in transit.

Native Command Queuing (NCQ) — Performance of a random I/O workload can be improved through intelligent re-ordering of the I/O requests so they read/write to and from the nearest available sectors and minimize the need for additional disk revolutions or head actuator movement. This improvement can be achieved though Native Command Queing (NCQ) , which is supported by these hard drives.

Pre-emptive Wear Leveling (PWL) —This WD feature provides a solution for protecting the recording media against mechanical wear. In cases where the drive is so busy with incoming commands that it is forced to stay in a same cylinder position for a long time, the PWL control engine initiates forced seeks so that disk lubricant maintains an even distribution and does not become depleted. This feature ensures reliability for applications that perform a high incidence of read/write operations at the same physical location on the disk.

Femto Slider — These drives incorporate the femto slider form factor in which the read/ write head is mounted on the small, lightweight femto slider which allows the head to move more quickly from track to track on the disk.

S.M.A.R.T. Command Transport (SCT) — The SCT Command Transport feature set provides a method for a host to send commands and data to a device and for a device to send data and status to a host using log pages.

World Wide Name (WWN) — The World Wide Name (WWN) defined in ATA/ATAPI-7 is a modification of the IEEE extended unique identifier 64 bit standard (EUI-64) and is comprised of three major components: naming authority, organizationally unique identifier (OUI) and serial number. WD's OUI is 0014EEh.

Reliability Features Set-Data Lifeguard™ — Representing WD's ongoing commitment to data protection, Data Lifeguard includes features that enhance the drive’s ability to prevent data loss. Data Lifeguard data protection utilities include thermal management, an environmental protection system, and embedded error detection and repair features that automatically detect, isolate, and repair problem areas that may develop over the extended use of the hard drive. With these enhanced data reliability features, the drive can perform more accurate monitoring, error repair, and deliver exceptional data security.

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Description and Features

Hot Plug Support — SATA supports hot plugging (also known as “hot swapping”), the ability to swap out a failed hard drive without having to power down the system or reboot. This capability contributes to both data availability and serviceability without any associated downtime, making it a critical feature for extending SATA into enterprise applications.

Active LED Status — The drive supports external LED requirements. It provides an activity LED output which is ON during command execution and OFF otherwise.

Fluid Dynamic Bearings (FDB) — Bearing design that incorporates a layer of highviscosity lubricant instead of ball bearings in the hard drive spindle motor. As an alternative to conventional ball bearing technology, FDB designs provide increased nonoperational shock resistance, speed control, and improved acoustics.

Staggered Spin-Up — Next generation SATA 3.0 Gb/s feature that allows the system to control whether the drive will spin up immediately or wait until the interface is fully ready.

CacheFlow™ —WD’s unique, multi-generation caching algorithm evaluates the way data is read from and written to the drive and adapts “on-the-fly” to the optimum read and write caching methods. CacheFlow minimizes disk seek operations and overheads due to rotational latency. CacheFlow supports sequential and random write cache. With write cache and other CacheFlow features, the user can cache both read and write data. The cache can hold multiple writes and collectively write them to the hard disk.

48-bit Logical Block Addressing (LBA) — WD SATA drives support both 48-bit and 28-bit LBA and CHS-based addressing. LBA is included in advanced BIOS and operating system device drivers and ensures high capacity disk integration.

Power Management — The drive supports the ATA and SATA power management command set, allowing the host to reduce the power consumption of the drive by issuing a variety of power management commands.

Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.) — S.M.A.R.T. enables a drive’s internal status to be monitored through diagnostic commands at the host level and during offline activities. S.M.A.R.T. devices employ data analysis algorithms that are used to predict the likelihood of some near-term degradation or fault conditions. When used with a S.M.A.R.T. application, the drive can alert the host system of a negative reliability status condition. The host system can then warn the user of the impending risk of data loss and recommend an appropriate action.

ATA Security — The drive supports the ATA Security Mode Feature set. The ATA Security Mode feature set allows the user to create a device lock password that prevents unauthorized hard disk access even if the drive is removed from the host computer. The correct password must be supplied to the hard drive in order to access user data. Both the User and Master Password features are supported, along with the High and Maximum security modes. The Master Password Revision code is also supported. This feature varies by drive configuration and may not be available on all configurations.

Automatic Acoustic Management (AAM) — The drive supports the Automatic Acoustic Management feature. This feature allows the host to select the acoustic level of the hard drive.

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Specifications		XL500S

2.0SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Performance Specifications

Average Latency	4.2 ms (nominal)
Rotational Speed	7200 RPM (nominal)
Data Transfer Rate (maximum) 1	6 Gb/s maximum (WDxxxxAAKX)
- Buffer to Host
	3 Gb/s maximum (WD5000AAKS)
- Host to/from Drive	126 MB/s sustained (maximum)
Interleave	1:1
Buffer Size	16 MB
Error Rate - Unrecoverable	<1 in 1015 bits read
Spindle Start Time
- From Power-on to Drive Ready 2	8.5s average
- From Power-on to Rotational Speed 3	5.5s average
Spindle Stop Time	5.1s average
Load/Unload Cycles4	300,000

1As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second. Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

2Defined as the time from power-on to the setting of Drive Ready and Seek Complete including calibration.

3Defined as the time from power-on to when the full spindle rotational speed is reached.

4Controlled unload at ambient condition.

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Specifications

2.2Physical Specifications

Physical Specifications1,2	WD5000AAKX	WD3200AAKX	WD2500AAKX
	WD5000AAKS
Capacity	500,107 MB	320,072 MB	250,059 MB
Interface	SATA 6 Gb/s (AAKX)	SATA 6 Gb/s	SATA 6 Gb/s
	SATA 3 Gb/s (AAKS)
Number of Disks	1	1	1
Data Surfaces	2	2	1
Number of Heads	2	2	1
Bytes per Sector	512	512	512
User Sectors per Drive	976,773,168	625,142,448	488,397,168
Servo Type	Embedded	Embedded	Embedded
Recording Method EPR4	Rate 16/17 PRML	Rate 16/17 PRML	Rate 16/17 PRML
ECC	Reed-Solomon	Reed-Solomon	Reed-Solomon
Head Park2	Automatic	Automatic	Automatic

PRML - Partial Response Maximum Likelihood

1 Specifications represented are of a typical production drive and may be subject to change or variation without notice.

2 As used for storage capacity, one megabyte (MB) = one million bytes, one gigabyte (GB) = one billion bytes, and one terabyte (TB) = one trillion bytes. Total accessible capacity varies depending on operating environment. As used for buffer or cache, one megabyte (MB) = 1,048,576 bytes. As used for transfer rate or interface, megabyte per second (MB/s) = one million bytes per second, and gigabit per second (Gb/s) = one billion bits per second. Effective maximum SATA 3 Gb/s transfer rate calculated according to the Serial ATA specification published by the SATA-IO organization as of the date of this specification sheet. Visit www.sata-io.org for details.

3 Turning off the system power causes the drive to perform an automatic head park operation.

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Specifications		XL500S

2.2.1Physical Dimensions

		English			Metric
	Dimension		Tolerance	Dimension		Tolerance
Height	1.028 inches		MAX	26.1 mm		MAX
Length	5.787 inches		MAX	147.0 mm		MAX
Width	4.00 inches		±0.01 inch	101.6 mm		±0.25 mm
Weight (QD)	0.99 pounds		±10%	0.45 kg		±10%
Weight (STD)	0.97 pounds		±10%	0.44 kg		±10%

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Specifications

2.3Mechanical Specifications

Figure 2-1 shows the mounting dimensions and locations of the screw holes for the drive.

Figure 2-1. Mounting Dimensions

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Specifications		XL500S

2.4Electrical Specifications

2.4.1 Current Requirements and Power Dissipation

Operating Mode	RMS Current1			Power, Average1
	12 VDC		5 VDC
Spinup	1.6A (max)		490 mA	12.9W
Read/Write	275 mA		535 mA	6.0W
Seek	300 mA		525 mA	6.3W
	POWER MANAGEMENT COMMANDS
Operating Mode	RMS Current1			Power, Average1
	12 VDC		5 VDC
Idle (E1H)	275 mA		450 mA	5.6W
Standby (E0H)	6 mA		170 mA	0.92W
Sleep (E6H)	6 mA		170 mA	0.92W

1All values are typical (25°C, 5.0V, and 12V input). 3.3V Serial ATA power not utilized in this product.

Note: Current measurements cut off frequency at 1 kHz.

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Specifications

2.4.2Input Voltage Requirements

The input voltage requirements are +5.0V ± 5% and +12.0V ± 10%.

2.4.3		Ripple
			+12 VDC		+5 VDC
Maximum			200 mV (double amplitude)		100 mV (double amplitude)
Frequency			0-30 MHz		0-30 MHz
2.4.4	Power Connectors and Cables

SATA Connectors

For information on SATA data connectors, refer to the Serial ATA 1.0 specification available for download at www.serialata.org.

At the time of this printing, there are no published standards for SATA power/mating connectors or power/data cable wire gauges.

Cabling Requirements for SATA

The SATA cable consists of four conductors in two differential pairs. The cable may also include drain wires to be terminated to the ground pins in the SATA cable receptacle connectors. See the SATA 1.0 specification for cable specifications. The cable's maximum length is one meter.

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Specifications		XL500S

2.5Environmental Specifications

2.5.1Shock and Vibration

Table 2-1. Shock and Vibration

Shock

Operating	30G,	2 ms (read/write)
	65G,	2 ms (read)
Non-operating (2 ms)	350G

Note: Half-sine wave, measured without shock isolation and without non-recoverable errors.

Vibration

Operating	Linear: 20-300 Hz, 0.75G (0 to peak)
	Random: 0.008 g2 /Hz (10-300 Hz)
Non-operating	Linear: 20-500 Hz, 4.0G (0 to peak)
	Random: 0.05 g2 /Hz (10-300 Hz)
Sweep Rate	0.5 octave/minute minimum
Drive Generated Vibration
Operating	0.2 gm-mm average with the drive in an unconstrained condition
Rotational Shock Non-Operating
Amplitude	20K rad/sec2
Duration	2 ms

Operating Vibration

Drives are tested by applying a random excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a time. The drive incurs no physical damage and no hard errors while subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1. Operating performance may degrade during periods of exposure to continuous vibration.

Non-Operating Vibration

Note: This specification applies to handling and transportation of unmounted drives.

Drives are tested by applying a random excitation in each linear axis, one axis at a time. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to continuous vibration not exceeding the level listed in Table 2-1.

Packaged Shock and Vibration

The shipping packaging is designed to meet the National/International Safe Transit Association (N/ISTA) standards for packaged products. The drive incurs no physical damage when subjected to the N/ISTA standards.

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