Rover DEFENDER 2000 Owner Manual

Owner’s Handbook

DEFENDER 90 - 110 - 130
Td5 -Tdi- V8

Owner’s HandbookOwner’s Handbook
Instruktieboekje
Manuel du Conducteur
Betriebsanleitung
Manuale di Istruzioni
Manual del Conductor

Manual do Proprietário

CONTENTS

SECTION 1 Introduction .......................................................... 1

SECTION 2 Controls & instruments ........................................ 7

SECTION 3 Driving & operating ............................................. 45

SECTION 4 Owner maintenance ............................................. 79

SECTION 5 Workshop maintenance........................................ 123

SECTION 6 General data ......................................................... 155

SECTION 7 Parts & accessories............................................... 169

SECTION 8 Off-road driving.................................................... 173

Index ..................................................................... 185

In-car entertainment
Forecourt data card

As part of the Land Rover environmental policy, this publication is printed on paper
made from chlorine free pulp.

 Rover Group Limited 1999 Publication Part No. LRL 0336ENG

SECTION 1

Introduction

OWNER’S HANDBOOK

This handbook covers all current versions of
Land Rover Defender petrol and diesel models
and, together with the Service Portfolio book,
provides all the information you need to derive
maximum pleasure from owning and driving
your new vehicle.

For convenience, the handbook is divided into
sections, each dealing with a particular aspect
of driving or caring for the vehicle. Sections
are listed on the contents page; you will find it
worthwhile to take a little time to read each
one, and to get to know your Defender as
soon as you possibly can. Remember, the
more you understand before you drive, the
greater the satisfaction when you are seated
behind the steering wheel.

The specification of each vehicle will vary
according to territorial requirements and
also from model to model within the vehicle
range. Some of the information published in
this handbook, therefore, may not apply to
your particular vehicle.

Section Contents Page

Service portfolio 3..........................................

Warning labels 3.............................................

Vehicle identification number 4.......................

Anti-theft precautions 4..................................

Breakdown safety code 5................................

Land Rover operates a policy of
constant product improvement and,
therefore, reserves the right to change
specifications without notice at any
time. Whilst every effort is made to
ensure complete accuracy of the
information in this handbook, no
liabilities for inaccuracies or the
consequences thereof can be accepted
by the manufacturer or the dealer,
except in respect of personal injury
caused by the negligence of the
manufacturer or the dealer.

All rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted, in
any form, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or other
means without prior written permission
from Rover Group Limited.

1

2

Introduction

SERVICE PORTFOLIO

The Service Portfolio book included in your
literature pack contains important vehicle
identification information and details of your
entitlement under the terms of the Land Rover
warranty.

Most important of all, however, is the section
on maintenance. This outlines the servicing
requirements for your vehicle and also
includes the 1500 km (1,000 mile) Free
Service Voucher, as well as incorporating the
service record slips, which the dealer should
sign and stamp to certify that routine services
have been carried out at the recommended
intervals.

WARNING

Safety warnings are included in this
handbook. These indicate either a procedure
which must be followed precisely, or
information that should be considered with
great care in order to avoid the possibility of
personal injury or serious damage to the
vehicle.

WARNING LABELS ATTACHED TO THE

VEHICLE

Warning labels attached to
your vehicle bearing this

symbol mean: DO NOT touch
or adjust components until you have read
the relevant instructions in the handbook.

Warning labels showing this

symbol indicate that the

ignition system utilises very
high voltages. DO NOT touch any ignition
components while the starter switch is
turned on!

WARNING

Your vehicle has a higher ground clearance
and, therefore, a higher centre of gravity
than ordinary passenger cars. This will
result in different handling characteristics.
Inexperienced drivers should take additional
care, particularly in off-road driving
situations and when performing abrupt
manoeuvres on unstable surfaces.

3

Introduction

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN)

If you need to communicate with a Land
Rover dealer, you may be asked to quote the
Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).

The VIN and recommended maximum vehicle
weights (dependent on market) is stamped on
a plate riveted to the top of the brake pedal
box in the engine compartment (this should
also match the VIN recorded in the Service
Portfolio book). The VIN is also stamped on
the right-hand side of the chassis, forward of
the spring mounting turret.

In addition, as a deterrent to car thievesand to
assist the police, the VIN is also stamped on a
plate visible through the left side of the
windscreen.

A. Type approval
B. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
C. Gross vehicle weight (where required)
D. Gross train weight (where required)
E. Maximum front axle load (where required)
F. Maximum rear axle load (where required)

ANTI-THEFT PRECAUTIONS

While it may be difficult to deter the
’professional’ car thief, the majority of thefts
are carried out by unskilled opportunists.
Therefore, take vehicle securityvery seriously
and ALWAYS adopt this simple ’five point’
drill whenever you leave your vehicle - even
for just a few minutes:

• Fully close all the windows (and the

sunroof).

• Remove your valuable belongings (or hide

them out of sight).

• Remove the starter key.

• Engage the steering lock (by slightly

turning the wheel until it locks).

• Lock all the doors.

Thieves are attracted to ’vulnerable’vehicles.
Even if you have followed the ’five point’ drill,
there is still much you can do to make your
vehicle a less inviting target.

BE SAFE NOT SORRY!

• Park where your vehicle can easily be seen

by householders and passers-by.

• At night, park in well lit areas and avoid

deserted or dimly lit side streets.

• At home, if you have a garage, use it - and

NEVER leave the keys in the vehicle.

• Do not keep important vehicle documents

(or spare keys) in the vehicle- these are a
real bonus for the thief.

NOTE: In the interests of safety, it is essential

that the gross vehicle weight, gross train
weight and axle loads are NOT exceeded. For
further information see ’General data’.

4

Introduction

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Remember the breakdown

safety code

If a breakdown occurs while travelling:-

• Wherever possible, consistent with

road safety and traffic conditions,
the vehicle should be moved off the
main thoroughfare, preferably into a
lay-by. If a breakdown occurs on a
motorway, pull well over to the
inside of the hard shoulder.

• Switch on hazard lights.

• If possible, position a warning

triangle or a flashing amber light at
an appropriate distance from the
vehicle to warn other traffic of the
breakdown (note the legal
requirements of some countries).

• Consider evacuating passengers

through nearside doors onto the
verge as a precaution in case your
Defender is struck by another
vehicle.

5

6

SECTION 2

Controls & instruments

In this section of the handbook you will find
descriptions of the controls and instruments
on your vehicle.

For your own safety, it is most important to
read this section fully and to gain a thorough
understanding of all the controls before
driving.

Section Contents Page

Controls 9.......................................................

Locks & alarm 11...........................................

Seats 21.........................................................

Seat belts 24...................................................

Instruments 28...............................................

Warning lights 29...........................................

Lights & indicators 32....................................

Wipers & washers 34.....................................

Switches 36....................................................

Windows 37...................................................

Sunroof 38.....................................................

Heating & ventilation 39.................................

Air conditioning 42.........................................

Interior equipment 44.....................................

7

8

Controls

Right hand steering

1. Ventilator control

2. Rear screen wash/wipe switch

3. Radio/cassette player

4. Ashtray

5. Cigar lighter

6. Bonnet release handle

7. Ventilator control

8. Heater fan control

9. Lighting, direction indicators and horn

control

10.Instrument and warning light pack

11.Clock

12.Heater controls

13.Hand throttle - if fitted

14.Headlight adjuster

15.Main gear lever

16.Transfer gear lever

17.Handbrake

18.Main lighting switch

19.Clutch pedal

20.Brake pedal

21.Accelerator pedal

22.Rear fog guard lights, heated rear window

and hazard warning light switches

23.Windscreen wash/wipe control

NOTE: The precise specification and location of controls may vary according to territorial

requirements and from model to model within the vehicle ranges.

9

Controls

Left hand steering

1. Ventilator control

2. Rear screen wash/wipe switch

3. Radio/cassette player

4. Ashtray

5. Cigar lighter

6. Bonnet release handle

7. Ventilator control

8. Heater fan control

9. Lighting, direction indicators and horn

control

10.Instrument and warning light pack

11.Clock

12.Heater controls

13.Hand throttle - if fitted

14.Main gear lever

15.Transfer gear lever

16.Handbrake

17.Main lighting switch

18.Clutch pedal

19.Brake pedal

20.Accelerator pedal

21.Windscreen wash/wipe control

22.Headlight adjuster - if fitted

NOTE: The precise specification and location of controls may vary according to territorial

requirements and from model to model within the vehicle ranges.

10

Locks & Alarm

KEYS

You have been supplied with two sets of keys,
comprising:

• a black key for operating the starter

switch.

• a plain, metal, key for operating the door

locks.

• A smaller metal key (marked ’FUEL’) to

operate the fuel filler cap lock.

Front door locks

From outside the vehicle, the door locks can
ONLY be operated with the key. Turn the key
towards the rear to lock and towards the front
to unlock.

Door sill locking buttons

From inside the vehicle, each door can be
individually locked by depressingthe
appropriate sill locking button.

WARNING

DO NOT depress the sill buttons as a means
of locking the doors from outside the vehicle
(this practice - known as ’slam locking’ - is
NOT recommended, because keys can be
locked inside accidentally).

Key numbers

The starter key number is stamped on a tag
attached to the key ring. Both key numbers
should be entered on the Security Information
card.

WARNING

For safety, remove the Security Information
card from the literature pack and keep it
with the key tag, and spare keys in a safe
place - AWAY FROM THE VEHICLE!

11

Locks & Alarm

Child-proof locks

(110 Station wagon)

Move the locking levers down to engage the
child-proof locks (see illustration).

With the locks engaged, the rear doors cannot
be opened from inside the vehicle, thereby
reducing the risk of a door being opened
accidentally while the vehicleis moving.

Taildoor

(if fitted)
From outside, use the door key to lock and
unlock the taildoor. From inside and with the
door closed, push the locking button up to
lock and down to unlock (as illustration).

12

Locks & Alarm

ALARM SYSTEM

(if fitted)
Your vehicle is fitted with a sophisticated
anti-theft alarm and engine immobilisation
system. In order to combine maximum vehicle
security with minimum inconvenience, you are
advised to gain a full understanding of the
alarm system by thoroughly reading this
section of the handbook.

Features of the alarm system

Perimeter protection: This part of the alarm
system protects the doors, bonnet and
taildoor against unauthorised entry - the alarm
sounding if any one of these apertures is
opened without the alarm first being
disarmed.

Interior protection: Also known as volumetric
protection, this part of the system protects the
space inside the vehicle. If movement within
the passenger compartment, or intrusions
through the windows or sunroof are detected,
the alarm will sound.

Engine immobilisation: The engine is
immobilised electronically whenever the alarm
system is armed. Even if the alarm has not
been armed, engine immobilisation will occur
automatically thirty seconds after the driver’s
door is opened, or five minutes after the
starter switch is turned to position ’0’.

In practice, this means it is virtually
impossible to leave your Defender unattended
without the engine being immobilised.

ARMING THE ALARM

WARNING

If a passenger or animal is to be left inside
the vehicle, or if a window or sunroof is to
be left open, interior protection must be
disabled. Refer to ’Interior protection’
before arming the alarm.

To arm the alarm, aim the handset at the
Defender and press the right hand button
(PADLOCK SYMBOL). Provided all the doors
and other apertures are closed, the direction
indicator lights will flash three times to
confirm that the alarm is armed. All the
security features described previously will be
active.

Once armed, the alarm will sound if a door or
the bonnet is opened, or if movement is
detected inside the vehicle.

13

Locks & Alarm

Disarming the alarm

Within range of the vehicle, briefly press the
left (PLAIN) button on the handset; the
direction indicator lights will flash once to
indicate that the alarm has been disarmed and
the engine re-mobilised.

NOTE: In some territories, the interior lights

will illuminate when the alarm is disarmed.

If the direction indicators fail to flash when
the alarm is armed:

This indicates that a door or the bonnet is not
fully closed, in which case the alarm will still
be partially armed and the engine
immobilised, but interior protection will not be
active.

Once the open door or bonnet is closed, the
direction indicators will flash three times and
the alarm will fully arm as described
previously.

If the alarm sounds:

The vehicle horn and alarm siren will sound
continuously for 30 seconds and then switch
off. The horn and siren can be triggered up to
three times.

To silence the alarm, press either handset
button. If the handset is inoperative, the alarm
can only be disarmed by entering the
emergency key access code (see ’Engine
immobilisation override’).

Anti-theft alarm indicator light

A RED indicator light on the instrument panel
indicates the status of the alarm system.
When the alarm is armed successfully,the
light FLASHES rapidly. After 10 seconds, the
light adjusts to a slower frequency, and
continues flashing as an anti-theft deterrent
until the alarm is disarmed.

If the light fails to illuminate during the rapid
flash phase, this indicates a ’mislock’ (door or
bonnet not fully closed or key in starter
switch). If this occurs, the indicator light will
still flash at the slower frequency as an
anti-theft deterrent.

If the light illuminates continuously, this
indicates that the engine has immobilised
passively (see ’Engine immobilisation’).

14

Locks & Alarm

Interior protection

Interior protection is activated automatically
when the alarm system is armed; twin sensors
inside the vehicle monitor the interiorspace
and will activate the alarm if an intrusion is
detected.

However, if passengers or animalsare to be
left inside the vehicle, or if a window or
sunroof is to be left open, the alarm must be
armed with interior protection DISABLED as
follows:

To disable interior protection:

1. Open the driver’s door.

2. With the driver’s door open, use the
handset to arm the alarm in the normal way.

3. Close the driver’s door (the direction
indicator lights flash three times and the
anti-theft indicator light commences flashing
rapidly). The alarm system is now armed with
interior protection disabled.

WARNING

If the vehicle is to be left with windows or
sunroof open, or with passengers or animals
inside, the interior protection MUST BE
DISABLED, as described above.

NOTE: Interior protection will not operate for

the first 15 seconds after the alarm is set.

ENGINE IMMOBILISATION

Engine immobilisation is an important aspect
of the vehicle’s security system, and occurs
automatically whenever the alarm system is
armed.

The system also includes a feature known as
’passive immobilisation’, which is designed to
safeguard the vehicle from theft should the
driver forget to lock the doors or arm the
alarm.

Passive immobilisation occurs automatically:

• thirty seconds after the starter switch has

been turned off AND the driver’s door
opened.

• five minutes after the starter switch is

turned off or the alarm system is
disarmed.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

The engine immobilisation system relies
on the handset to re-mobilise the engine.
Look after the handsets at all times,
protecting them from loss, damage and
battery discharge.

If the engine has immobilised passively,
re-mobilisation will occur when the
starter switch is turned to position ’II’,
provided the handset is on the same ring
as the key and in close proximity to the
switch.

• ALWAYS keep the handset on the

same ring as the key.

• NEVER attach both handsets to the

SAME key ring.

Any attempt to start the engine while it is
immobilised will cause the engine
immobilisation warning light (on the left
of the warning light panel) to flash.

15

Locks & Alarm

Engine immobilisation override

If the handset is lost or fails to operate, engine
immobilisation can be overridden by using the
starter key to enter the four digit emergency
key access code (this code is recorded on the
Security Information card). The procedurefor
entering the code is described below.

Before entering the code, note the following:
If your handset is lost or inoperative, it is

impossible to disarm the alarm. As soon as
the door is opened, the alarm will sound
(continuously for up to three 30 second
periods), and continue while the code is being
entered. Remove the handset from the key
ring and keep the handset well away from the
starter switch when entering the code.

2. Turn the switch to position ’II’ the required
number of times to enter the first digit of the
code (if the first digit is 4, turn the key to
position ’II’ and then back to ’0’ four times).

3. Open the driver’s door (to enter the first
digit) and then close the door again.

4. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and
back to ’0’ the required number of times to
enter the SECOND digit of the code.

5. Open the driver’s door (to enter the second
digit) and then close the door again.

6. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and
back to ’0’ the required number of times to
enter the THIRD digit of the code.

7. Open the driver’s door (to enter the third
digit) and then close the door again.

8. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and
back to ’0’ the required number of times to
enter the FOURTH digit of the code.

9. Finally, OPEN and CLOSE the driver’s door.
If the code has been entered correctly, the
anti-theft indicator light will extinguish and the
engine can be started.

1. With the driver’s door closed, insert the key
into the starter switch, turn to position ’II’ and
hold in this position for 5 seconds. Then
switch off, and open and close the driver’s
door.

16

Locks & Alarm

If an incorrect code has been entered:

If the code is entered incorrectly, the anti-theft
indicator light will continue to illuminateand
the engine will fail to start. Before entering the
code again, turn the starter switch to position
’II’ and hold in this position for 5 seconds.

After three failed attempts, the security
system invokes a delay period of thirty
minutes during which the system will not
accept any further codes.

WARNING

• NEVER leave the Security Information

card in the vehicle.

• Memorize the emergency key access

code or keep the Security Information
card on your person in case of
emergencies.

17

HANDSET BATTERY

Locks & Alarm

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

• BEFORE replacing a handset battery,

disarm the alarm and unlock the
doors.

• DO NOT remove an expired battery

until you are ready to install the
replacement.

• The engine will immobilise five

minutes after the key is removed
from the starter switch. If handset
battery replacement is NOT
completed within this period, the
emergency key access code will
have to be entered before the
handset can be synchronised.

The handset battery should last for
approximately three years dependent upon
use. When the battery needs replacing it will
be apparent from the following symptoms:

• The handset will only work every other

operation while disarming.

• The direction indicator lights will not flash

when the alarm is disarmed.

18

Locks & Alarm

Always fit a Land Rover STC4080 or a
Panasonic CR2032 replacement battery
(available from a Land Rover dealer) and
adopt the following replacement procedure:

1) Unlock the vehicle and disarm the alarm
system.

2) Turn the starter switch to position ’II’, then
turn to position ’0’ and remove the key.

3) Carefully prise the handset apart, start from
the keyring end using a coin or small
screwdriver. Avoid damaging the seal between
the two halves of the case and DO NOT allow
dirt or moisture to get inside the handset.

4) Slide the battery out of its clip, taking care
to avoid touching the circuit board or the
contact surfaces of the clip.

5) Press and hold one of the buttons for at
least five seconds (this will drain any residual
power from the handset).

6) Fit the new battery, ensuring that correct
polarity is maintained (positive (’+’) side
facing up). Finger marks will adversely affect
battery life; if possible, avoid touching the flat
surfaces of the battery and wipe them clean
before fitting.

7) Reassemble the two halves of the handset,
then operate the PADLOCK symbol button at
least four times within range of the vehicleto
resynchronise the handset.

The handset is now ready for use.

WARNING

The handset contains delicate electronic
circuits and must be protected from impact
and water damage, high temperatures and
humidity, direct sunlight and the effects of
solvents, waxes and abrasive cleaners.

19

Locks & Alarm

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Battery disconnection

Your vehicle is equipped with a battery backed-up sounder, which operates as an anti-theft
siren if the vehicle battery is disconnected.
Before disconnecting the vehicle battery, it is ESSENTIAL to refer to ’Batteryremoval and
replacement’in Section 4, in order to prevent the alarm from sounding.
If the vehicle battery is disconnectedfor any reason, the status of the securitysystem prior to
disconnection will be memorized and automatically reset when the battery is reconnected.

ALARM OR HANDSET DIFFICULTIES

Alarm goes off unexpectedly. (a) Ensure all windows and sunroof are closed.

(b) Disable interior space protection.

Alarm goes off when door opened. Disarm the alarm with the handset before

unlocking. If the handset has failed, enter the
emergency key access code (refer to ’Engine

immobilisation override’).

Starter will not operate. Ensure handset is on same ring as starter key. If

it still will not operate, consult a Land Rover
dealer.

Direction indicator lights don’t flash
when alarm is armed.

A door or bonnet is partially open.

20

Seats

FRONT SEAT ADJUSTMENT

WARNING

To avoid the risk of loss of control and
personal injury, never adjust the driver’s
seat or seatback while the vehicle is in
motion.

Forward/backward movement

Lift the bar at the front of the seat base to
slide the seat forward or back. Ensure the seat
is locked in position before driving.

Backrest movement

Lift the lever and lean backwards or forwards
to achieve the desired angle, then lower the
lever to lock.

WARNING

DO NOT allow front seat occupants to travel
with the seat backs reclined steeply
rearwards. Optimum benefit is obtained
from the seat belt with the seat back angle
set to 25 degrees from the upright (vertical)
position.

21

Seats

FOLDING THE REAR SEATS - (if fitted)

Before folding the rear seats;

• Slide the front seats forward.

• Ensure that the outer rear seat belts are

correctly stowed in their belt clips.

• Pass the seat belt locks through the

junction of the backrest and the cushion
and into the loadspace.

Individually split rear seats

NOTE: The two outer seats must be folded

first, thereby releasing the centre seat.

Outer seats;

1. Release the catch (see first inset).

2. Fold the backrest forward.

3. Slide back the bolt (see second inset).

4. Lift and fold the seat base forwards.

Centre seat;

5. Release the catch - as (1).

6. Fold the backrest forward.

7. Lift and fold the seat base forwards.

When returning the backrest to the upright
position, ensure it is securely latched in place
before driving.

WARNING

DO NOT adjust the seats while the vehicle is
in motion.

When the seat is erected, the latching
mechanism should be visually checked and
physically tested to ensure that the latch is
secure before driving.

22

Seats

60/40 split rear seats

1. Pull up the release catch.

2. Fold the backrest forward.

3. Lift and fold the seat base forward.

4. Fold away the seat stand.

WARNING

DO NOT adjust the seats while the vehicle is
in motion.

When re-erecting the seats, ensure that the
seat stands are properly positioned.

When the seat is erected, the latching
mechanism should be visually checked and
physically tested to ensure that the latch is
secure before driving.

23

Seat belts

SEAT BELT SAFETY

Seat belts are life saving equipment.

In a collision, unrestrained passengerscan be
thrown around inside the vehicle, or possibly
thrown out of the vehicle, resulting in injury to
themselves and to other occupants. DO NOT
take chances with safety!

• DO make sure ALL passengers are

securely strapped in at all times - even for
the shortest journeys.

• ALWAYS adjust seat belts to eliminate any

slack in the webbing, and to ensure that
the diagonal belt passes across the
shoulder without slipping off or pressing
on the neck.

• ALWAYS fit the lap strap as low on the

hips as possible (never acrossthe
abdomen).

• DO have seat belts checked if the vehicle

has been involved in an accident.

• DO NOT allow front seat occupants to

travel with the seat backs reclinedsteeply
rearwards. Optimum benefit is obtained
from the seat belt with the seat back angle
set to 25 degrees from the upright
(vertical) position.

• DO NOT fit more than one person into a

belt, or fit a seat belt that is twisted or
obstructed in any way that could impede
its smooth operation.

• DO NOT allow foreign matter (particularly

sugary food and drink particles) to enter
the seat belt locks - such substancescan
render the locks inoperative.

WARNING

Pregnant women should ask a doctor for
advice about the safest way to wear seat
belts.

24

Seat belts

WARNING

At all times, occupants should wear a seat
belt for their protection in the event of a
collision or sudden stop. In some
circumstances, perhaps due to the vehicle
being on a slope, the automatic locking
mechanism may engage, preventing the
initial extension of the belt. This is not a
fault - ease the belt free and use it.

Lap belts

To adjust, pull the slider along the belt and
feed the webbing through the buckle until the
belt is comfortably tight. When not in use, the
lap belts should be fastened.

Fastening the inertia reel belts

Draw the belt over the shoulder and across
the chest, and insert the metal tongue plate
into the lock nearest the wearer - a ’click’
indicates that the belt is securelylocked.

Seat belts are designed to bear upon the bony
structure of the body (pelvis, chest and
shoulders) and can only be worn safely with
the webbing crossing the shoulder MIDWAY
BETWEEN THE NECK AND THE EDGE OF THE
SHOULDER and with the seats in a normal
UPRIGHT position - DO NOT allow the front
passenger to travel with the seat steeply
reclined.

25

Seat belts

Infant and child restraints

All infant and child restraint systems are
designed to be secured in vehicle seats by
means of a lap belt or the lap portion of a
lap/shoulder belt.

When installing and using any infant or child
restraint system, always follow the
instructions provided by the manufacturer
concerning installation and use. Failure to
properly secure the child restraintsystem in
the vehicle can endanger the child in a
collision or sudden stop and cause injury to
other passengers.

Centre and inward facing seats are fitted with
lap belts which can be manually tightened to
secure an infant or child restraint system.
Older children should use the lap/shoulder
belt fitted to the outer rear seating positions.

Never leave a child unattended in your
vehicle.

WARNING

Infants and children too small for seat belts
should be restrained in a child safety seat or
restraint system, appropriate to their age
and/or size, and which is approved for use
in your vehicle. Always ensure that the
manufacturer’s fitting instructions are
followed exactly.

• DO NOT allow a baby or infant to be

carried on the lap. The force of a crash
can increase the effective body weight
by as much as 30 times, making it
impossible to hold on to the child.

• DO NOT use a child seat that ’hooks’

over a seatback, it is not secure!

• Accident statistics show that children are

safer when properly restrained in the
rear seating positions than in the front.
However, if a forward facing child seat
suitable for the size of child is available
and it is necessary for a child to travel in
the front, set the seat fully rearwards
and use an approved FORWARD FACING
child seat - DO NOT INSTALL
REARWARD FACING CHILD SEATS IN
ANY FRONT PASSENGER SEAT
POSITION.

26

Seat belts

Caring for seat belts

Regularly inspect the belt webbing for signs of
wear, paying particular attention to the fixing
points and adjusters. Always replacea seat
belt that has withstood the strain of an impact
or shows signs of fraying.

DO NOT bleach or dye the webbing. Clean the
webbing using warm water and non-detergent
soap only - allow to dry naturally and DO NOT
retract the belt until completely dry.

Testing inertia reel belts

From time to time carry out the following
tests:

1. With the seat belt fastened, give the

webbing near the buckle a quick upward
pull. The buckle must remain securely
locked.

2. With the seat belt unfastened, unreel the

webbing to the limit of its travel. Check
that unreeling is free from snatches and
snags.

3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold the

tongue plate and give it a quick forward
pull. The safety mechanism must lock
automatically and prevent any further
unreeling.

27

Instruments

1. Speedometer

Indicates road speed in miles and/or
kilometres per hour.

2. Anti-theft alarm indicator light

Indicates the status of the alarm system (see
’Locks & alarm’).

3. Total distance and trip recorder

Indicates the total distance or the individual
journey distance travelled by the vehicle.

4. Total distance and trip recorder

mode/reset button

Press and release the mode button to change
the digital display between either the total
distance the vehicle has travelled,or the
individual journey distance. Press and hold
the button to reset the trip recorder to zero.

5. Fuel gauge

The pointer indicates the fuel level when the
starter switch is turned to position ’II’.

6. Temperature gauge

Once the engine coolant has reached its
normal operating temperature, the pointer
should remain between the ’C’ (cold) and
’H’ (hot) segments. If the pointer enters the
’H’ segment, stop the vehicle as soon as
safety permits and seek qualified assistance
before continuing.

7. Clock

To adjust the time, use a ball point pen or
similar probe to advance or put back the time,
using the right or left hand buttons at the
bottom of the clock bezel.

NOTE: The clock will need to be reset if the

battery has been disconnected.

8. Warning lights

The specification of the warning lights will
vary according to model and market
requirements (see ’Warning lights’).

28

Warning lights

The warning lights are colour coded as
follows:

RED lights are warnings.

WARNING

DO NOT drive if a RED warning light remains
on once the engine is running or illuminates
whilst driving.

GREEN & BLUE lights indicate that a unit is
operating.

AMBER lights show that a unit is operating
and should be switched off (or rectified) as
soon as conditions allow.

Low engine oil pressure - RED
Illuminates as a bulb check

when the starter switch is
turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes when
the engine is running. If it remains on, or
illuminates whilst driving, STOP THE VEHICLE
as soon as safety permits and seek qualified
assistance before continuing. Always check oil
levels when this light illuminates.

NOTE: At very low ambient temperatures, the

light may take several seconds to extinguish.

Battery charging - RED
Illuminates as a bulb check

when the starter switch is
turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes when
the engine is running. If it remains on, or
illuminates whilst driving, a fault is indicated.
Seek qualified assistance urgently.

Handbrake & brake system-

RED

The light illuminates when the
handbrake is applied and extinguisheswhen it
is fully released. If the light illuminates while
the handbrake is released, a fault with the
braking system is indicated, check the brake
fluid level (see ’Maintenance’).If the light
continues to illuminate, seek qualified
assistance urgently.

Direction indicators - GREEN

Flashes in conjunction with the

direction indicators. If the light
does not illuminate, this may indicate a bulb
failure in the warning light pack or in one of
the direction indicator lights.

Headlight main beam - BLUE

Illuminates whenever the main

beam headlights are on.

29

Warning lights

Hazard warning lights - RED
Illuminates in conjunction with

the direction indicator warning
lights, when the hazard warning lights are
operated.

Differential lock - AMBER

Illuminates whenever the

differential lock is engaged.
If the light remains on after the differential

lock is disengaged, transmission ’wind up’
may be present. Reversing for a short
distance and then going forward will usually
’unwind’ the transmission. If the light remains
on, contact your dealer as soon as possible.

Heated rear screen - AMBER

Illuminates when the rear

screen heater is operating.

Engine immobilisation - RED

Flashes during any attempt to

start the engine when the
engine is immobilised.

Trailer direction indicators -

GREEN

Flashes in conjunction with the
vehicle direction indicator lights to show that
all trailer indicator lights are functioning
correctly. In the event of a bulb failure on the
trailer, the warning light flashes once and then
remains off.

Rear fog guard lights - AMBER
Illuminates whenever the rear
fog guard lights are on.

REMEMBER: In clear conditions, rear fog
guard lights can dazzle other road users. Use
ONLY when visibility is severelyrestricted.

Glow plugs - AMBER
(diesels only)

Illuminates whenever the
starter switch is turned to position ’II’ if the
engine is cold. WAIT for the light to extinguish
before starting the engine.

Anti-lock braking system -

AMBER (if fitted)

Illuminates for approximately 1
second as a bulb and system check when the
starter switch is turned to position ’II’, and
briefly extinguishes before coming on again. If
the light does not extinguish and then come
on again, then a fault occurred with the ABS
system and you should consult a qualified
dealer at the earliest opportunity. The warning
light will remain on until the vehicle is driven
above approximately 5 mph (7 km/h).

If the light remains on or subsequently
illuminates while driving, a fault has been
detected by the self monitoring system. This
means that full ABS control may not be
available and you should consult your dealer
at the earliest opportunity.

NOTE: When a trailer is not fitted, the

warning light will only flash once.

Sidelights - GREEN
Illuminates whenever the
sidelights are on.

30

Warning lights

Traction control - AMBER
(if fitted)

Illuminates as a bulb and
system check, when the starter switch is
turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes after
approximately 4 seconds. The light illuminates
for a minimum of 2 seconds, whenever
traction control is operating.

If the warning light flashes (for at least 10
seconds); this indicates that the traction
control has been operating for too long and
has temporarily shut down to allow the
system to cool down - this will only occur in
extreme conditions.

If the light illuminates continuously, a fault
with the system is indicated - seek qualified
assistance.

Transmission oil temperature

- RED (if fitted)

Illuminates when gearbox oil
temperature is too high (most likely to occur
in very hot weather, during continuous high
speed driving, when towing heavy loads on
steep inclines).

If the light illuminates, reduce speed. If the
light remains on, stop the vehicle and do not
drive until it has extinguished.

Check engine - AMBER

(Td5 models only)

Illuminates as a bulb and
system check when the starter switch is
turned to position ’II’ and extinguishes after
approximately 3 seconds. Illumination at any
other time indicates an engine fault - if the
light illuminates, avoid high speeds and seek
qualified assistance urgently.

Fuel filter - AMBER
(Td5 models only)

Illuminates as a bulb check
when the starter switch is turned to position
’II’ and extinguishes after approximately2
seconds. If the light illuminates while driving,
this indicates the presence of excessive
amounts of water in the fuel. You may
continue driving, but should seek qualified
assistance at the earliest opportunity.

Low fuel - AMBER

Illuminates when the fuel

remaining in the tank drops to
a minimum of 2 gallons (9 litres). If the light
illuminates, refuel at the first opportunity.

Cold start - AMBER

(Petrol engines only)

Illuminates when the cold start
control is selected and extinguisheswhen the
cold start control is pushed fully in.

31

Lights & indicators

Direction indicators

Move the lever DOWN to indicate a LEFT turn,
and UP to indicate a RIGHT turn (the GREEN
warning light on the instrument panel will
flash in time with the direction indicators).
Hold the lever part-way up or down against
spring pressure to indicate a lane change.

Main light switch

Lever position;

• Static - all lights off

• First position - side, tail and instrument

panel lights on (see ’Dim-dip’ headlights)

• Second position - headlights on

Headlight main beam and ’flash’

With the headlights switched on, push the
lever away from the steering wheel to activate
main beam (BLUE warning light illuminates).

To flash the headlights, pull the lever part-way
towards the steering wheel and then release.

Horn

Press end of the lever to operate the horn.

32

Lights & indicators

Headlight levelling (if fitted)

The height of the headlight beams is affected
by the distribution of weight inside the vehicle.
Always ensure your headlights are adjusted so
that the point at which they meet the road
surface ahead of the vehicle provides
adequate illumination, without dazzling other
road users.

The following load conditions should be used
as a guide.

Position ’0’: Driver only, or driver and all front
seats occupied (loadspace empty).

Position ’1’: All seats occupied (loadspace
empty).

Position ’2’: All seats occupied by adults and
loadspace loaded to maximum rear axle
weight.

Position ’3’: Driver only with the loadspace
loaded to maximum rear axle weight.

NOTE: The maximum rear axle weight can be

found in the ’General data’ section.

Vehicles fitted with front seats only:

Positions ’1’ and ’2’ should only be used when
required, according to the distribution and
weight of the load being carried.

33

Wipers & washers

WARNING

To prevent possible overload damage to the
linkage or the wiper motors in either
freezing or extremely hot conditions, care
must be taken to ensure that the wiper
blades are not adhering to the glass before
operating the wipers.

WINDSCREEN WIPERS

• Single wipe

Push the lever up against spring pressure
and release immediately.

NOTE: With the lever held up, the wipers will

continue operating at slow speed until it is
released.

• Intermittent wipe

Pull lever down.

• Normal speed wipe

Push lever up to first position.

• Fast speed wipe

Push lever up to second position.

• Windscreen washer

Press to operate (the wipers will also
operate).

34

Wipers & washers

Rear window wash/wipe

The rear window wash/wipe only operates
with the starter switch turned to position ’II’.

• Press and hold to operate the washer.

• Rotate clockwise and hold to operate the

wiper for the required duration.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

• DO NOT operate the wipers on a dry

screen.

• In freezing or very hot conditions,

ensure that the blades are not frozen
or stuck to the glass.

• In winter, remove any snow or ice

from around the arms and blades,
including the wiped area of the
windscreen and the heater air
intakes.

NOTE: If the wiper blades have stuck to

the glass, a thermal cut-out may
temporarily prevent the wiper motor from
operating. If this is the case, switch the
wipers off, free them from the
obstruction and then switch on again.

35

Switches

Heated rear window (if fitted)

Press the lower portion of the
switch to operate; press the

upper portion to switch off. The
warning light in the instrument panel
illuminates while the heating elementsare
switched on and extinguishes when they are
turned off.

WARNING

DO NOT stick labels over the heating
elements, and DO NOT scrape or use
abrasive materials to clean the inside of the
rear window.

Hazard warning lights

Press the lower portion of the
switch to operate (switch

indicator illuminates); all the
direction indicator lights (including those
fitted to a trailer) will flash in conjunction with
each other.

Use ONLY in an emergency to warn other
road users when your stationary vehicle is
causing an obstruction, or is in a hazardous
situation. Switch off by pressing the upper
portion before moving away.

Rear fog guard lights (if fitted)

Press to switch on and off, the

warning light in the instrument

panel illuminates when the fog
lights are on. The rear fog guard lights operate
only when the starter switch is at position ’II’
and when the headlights are switched on.

NOTE: The rear fog guard lights extinguish

automaticallywhen the ignition or the
headlights are switched off and will need to be
reselectedmanually.

WARNING

The rear fog guard lights can only legally be
used when visibility is severely restricted ­other road users could be dazzled in clear
conditions.

36

Windows

WINDOWS

Front/rear windows;

Raise or lower the window by rotating the
handle mounted on the door trim pad.

Sliding rear windows; (if fitted)
To open, press the catch tongues together,
slide the window to the desired position and
release the catch, ensuring that it locates
securely in the sockets, locking the window in
position.

37

Sunroof

SUNROOF (if fitted)

The sunroof can be opened to varying degrees
or, if required, can be removed completely.

To OPEN the roof:

Turn the hand wheel anti-clockwise to give the
desired opening.

To CLOSE the roof:

Turn the hand wheel clockwise until resistance
is felt.

To REMOVE the roof:

Remove the sunroof by tilting upwards and
lifting rearwards to disengage the locating
lugs.

WARNING

DO NOT store the sunroof loose in the
vehicle.

DO NOT allow passengers to extend any part
of their bodies through the sunroof while the
vehicle is moving.

DO NOT remove the sunroof whilst the
vehicle is moving.

Open the sunroof fully and push the catch (1)
rearwards to disengage the hand wheel
mechanism.

Refit the sunroof by following the same
procedure in reverse.

38

Heating & ventilation

Fresh air vents

To open the two vents in the windscreen
frame, push the lever to the right and then
downwards to the desired position and
release.

The temperature of air supplied to the fresh air
vents is not controlled by the heater.

NOTE: For vehicles fitted with an air conditioning system, the location and operation of air vents is

described on a later page (see ’Air conditioning’).

39

Heating & ventilation

HEATER CONTROLS

NOTE: For vehicles fitted with an air

conditioning system, the heater controls are
described on a later page (see ’Air
conditioning’).

1. Temperature control

Move the lever downwards (towards the
RED segment) to increase air temperature,
or upwards (towards the BLUE segment)
to reduce air temperature.

2. Air distribution control

• Lever fully up - windscreen vents only.

• Lever midway - foot level and windscreen

vents.

• Lever fully down - foot level vents (also

provides some air to the windscreen).

3. Fan speed control

• Lever at position ’0’ - no air will enter the

vehicle through the blower vents.

• Lever between positions ’0’ and’1’ -

progressively more air will enter the
vehicle, depending solely on the ram effect
of the vehicle moving through the air.

• Lever between positions ’1’ and ’2’ - the

fan will operate and progressivelyincrease
in speed.

40

Heating & ventilation

USING YOUR HEATER

Ensure the front grille and the air intake grille
on the front wing are kept clear of
obstructions (especially snow and ice).

The following examples of basic heater
settings are intended as a general guide; the
air distribution, temperature and blower
controls can then be further adjusted to suit
your comfort requirements.

Always remember that full heating is not
available until the engine has reached its
normal operating temperature.

Maximum heating

• Temperature control - fully down.

• Distribution control - midway.

• Fan speed control - fully down.

• Fresh air vents - fully closed.

Demisting and defrosting

• Temperature control - fully down.

• Distribution control - fully up.

• Fan speed control - fully down.

• Fresh air vents - fully open for demisting

(closed for defrosting).

• Opening a window may improve

ventilation.

Maximum ventilation

• Temperature control - fully up.

• Distribution control - fully down.

• Fan speed control - fully down.

• Fresh air vents - fully open.

41

Air conditioning

CONTROLS

1. On/off blower control

Rotate clockwise to the first position to turn
on the air conditioning. Rotate further
(positions II and III) to increase the flow of
conditioned air from the four vents in the
lower fascia.

NOTE: The air conditioning will only operate

with the engine running.

2. Temperature control

Rotate clockwise (positions I to III) to obtain
progressively cooler air.

Air vents

The four air conditioning vents located in the
lower fascia can be adjusted to suit your
requirements. The adjuster in the centre of
each vent can be used to adjust volume and
direction of air. To cut off the supply of air
from any particular vent, slide the adjuster
fully to the left.

Points to remember:

• If the temperature inside the vehicle is

higher than that outside when you start
the engine, it will take time for the air
conditioning to become fully effective. It is
best to ventilate the vehicle by opening the
windows and setting the controls to
’Maximum cooling’ (see next page). When
the vehicle has been ventilated, close the
windows and set the blower controls for
personal comfort.

• Operating the air conditioning takes power

from the engine and consequently
increases fuel consumption.

• All air conditioning systems need to be

operated for a short while every week
(even in winter) to maintain them in peak
condition.

• The air conditioning system will also

dehumidify air. The surplus water
produced by this process is expelledfrom
the system via drain tubes beneath the
vehicle. This may result in a small pool of
water forming on the road when the
vehicle is stationary and is not a cause for
concern.

USING THE AIR CONDITIONING (if fitted)

If your vehicle has been fitted with an air
conditioning system, you may find the
following guidelines useful.

Air conditioning provides additional cooling to
the vehicle interior and also reduces the
moisture content of the air.

It is important to keep the windows, sunroof
and fresh air vents closed during operation.

42

Air conditioning

The following examples of air conditioning
settings are included for your guidance:

NOTE: If air conditioning is to be used,

ensure that the fresh air vents are closed and
that the heater unit controls are set to;
Temperature control - fully up.
Fan speed control - position ’0’.
Distribution control - fully up.

Normal cooling

Temperature control - set to positions I or II.
Blower control - set to desired speed.

Maximum cooling

Temperature control - set to position III.
Blower control - set to position III

43

Interior equipment

INTERIOR LIGHTS

With the switch midway between the ’ON’ and
’OFF’ positions, the light will illuminate
automatically whenever a door is opened and
remain illuminated for approximately15
seconds after ALL the doors are closed, or
until the starter switch is turned on.
When alighting from the vehicle, the interior
lights will fade and then extinguish as soon as
the last door is closed.

NOTE: Any subsequent opening and shutting

of doors prior to the starter switch being
turned on again, will cause the 15 second
delay feature to operate.

NOTE: If a door remains open for eight

minutes, a ’time-out’ function will extinguish
the lights to avoid discharging the battery.

CIGAR LIGHTER

With the starter switch turned to position II,
press the lighter in to heat up. When it has
reached the correct temperature it will partially
eject and can then be withdrawn for use.

• ONLY hold the cigar lighter by the handle.

• DO NOT use the ashtray for disposing of

waste paper or other combustible
materials.

• DO NOT plug accessories into the cigar

lighter socket unless they are approved by
Land Rover.

ASHTRAY

Lift the lid of the ashtray to open. To remove,
carefully prise the ashtray out of the fascia
panel.

44

SECTION 3

Driving & operating

Section Contents Page

Starter switch & steering lock 47....................

Starting & driving 48......................................

Fuel 55............................................................

Gearbox & transmission 59............................

Brakes 64.......................................................

Traction control 68.........................................

Towing & load carrying 69.............................

Emergency starting 72....................................

Vehicle recovery 74........................................

Ancillary equipment 76...................................

45

46

Starter switch & steering lock

To unlock the steering column

Insert the ignition key FULLY and turn the
starter switch to position ’I’, while turning the
steering wheel slightly to disengage the lock.

To lock the steering column

Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and
withdraw the key from the starter switch. Turn
the steering wheel towards the straight ahead
position until the lock engages.

WARNING

DO NOT remove the key or turn the starter
switch to position ’0’ while the vehicle is in
motion. Once the steering lock is engaged,
it is impossible to steer the vehicle.

STARTER SWITCH

The starter switch is located to the left of the
steering column, and uses the following
sequence of key positions to operate the
steering lock, electrical circuits and starter
motor.

Position ’0’

Steering locked (if key is removed).
Most lighting circuits are operational,

including: sidelights, headlights, hazard
warning lights and rear fog guard lights.

Position ’I’

Steering unlocked.
Radio/cassette player can be operated.

Position ’II’

All instruments, warning lights and electrical
circuits are operational.

Position ’III’

Starter motor operates.
Release the key immediately the engine starts

(the key will automatically return to position
’II’).

Note that operation of position ’I’ electrical
functions will be interrupted during engine
cranking.

47

Starting & driving

STARTING - DIESEL ENGINES

1. Check that the handbrake is applied and

that the gear lever is in neutral.

2. Switch off all unnecessary electrical

equipment.

3. Insert the starter key and turn the switch

to position ’II’. Wait until the glow plug
warning light extinguishes.

NOTE: When restarting a warm engine, it will

not be necessary to wait for the glow plug
warning light to extinguish.

4. Turn the key to position ’III’ to operate the

starter motor; DO NOT press the
accelerator pedal during starting, and
RELEASE THE KEY as soon as the engine
is running.

NOTE: In temperate climates, the battery

charging and oil pressure warning lights
should extinguish as soon as the engine is
running.

In cold weather, or when the battery is in a
low state of charge, depress the clutch pedal
while starting and hold it down until the
engine is running.

In temperate climates, DO NOT operate the
starter for longer than 10 seconds; if the
engine fails to start, switch off and wait 10
seconds before re-using the starter. Please
note that prolonged use of the starter will not
only discharge the battery but may also
damage the starter motor.

48

Starting & driving

Cold climates

In very cold climates, the battery charging and
oil pressure warning lights may take several
seconds to extinguish. Similarly, engine
cranking times will also increase;at -30° C the
starter motor may need to be operated
continuously for as long as 30 seconds before
the engine will start. For this reason, ensure
that all non-essential electricalequipment is
switched off.

Warming up

In the interests of fuel economy, it is advisable
to start driving straight away, remembering
that harsh acceleration or labouring the engine
before the normal operating temperature has
been reached can damage the engine.

WARNING

The engine must not be run above fast idle
speed until the oil pressure warning light
extinguishes to ensure that the engine and
turbo-charger bearings are properly
lubricated before being run at speed.

WARNING

Exhaust fumes contain poisonous
substances which can cause
unconsciousness and may even be fatal.

• DO NOT inhale exhaust gases.

• DO NOT start or leave the engine running

in an enclosed unventilated area, or
drive with the rear door open.

• DO NOT modify the exhaust system from

the original design.

• DO repair exhaust system or body leaks

immediately.

• If you think exhaust fumes are entering

the vehicle have the cause determined
and corrected immediately.

Switching off

To avoid the possibility of damaging the
turbo-charger bearings through inadequate
lubrication, ALWAYS allow the engine to idle
for 10 seconds before switching off. Turn the
engine off by returning the starter switch to
position ’I’ and then position ’0’ to remove
key.

49

Starting & driving

STARTING - PETROL ENGINES

1. Check that the handbrake is applied and

that the gear lever is in neutral.

2. Switch off all unnecessary electrical

equipment.

3. If the engine is cold, pull out the cold start

control (if fitted) and turn it clockwiseto
lock (see illustration).

4. Insert the starter key and turn the switch

to position ’II’ and then on to position ’III’
to operate the starter motor. DO NOT
press the accelerator pedal during starting
and RELEASE THE KEY as soon as the
engine is running.

In temperate climates DO NOT operate the
starter for longer than 10 seconds. If the
engine fails to start, switch off and wait 10
seconds before re-using the starter. Please
note that prolonged use of the starter will not
only discharge the battery but may also
damage the starter motor.

In temperate climates, the battery charging
and oil pressure warning lights should
extinguish as soon as the engine is running.

In cold weather, or when the battery is in a
low state of charge, depress the clutch pedal
while starting and hold it down until the
engine is running.

Cold climates

In very cold climates, the battery charging and
oil pressure warning lights may take several
seconds to extinguish. Similarly, engine
cranking times will also increase;at -30° C the
starter motor may need to be operated
continuously for as long as 30 seconds before
the engine will start. For this reason, ensure
that all non-essential electricalequipment is
switched off.

Additionally, in very cold climates,use of a
cylinder block heater will improve the engine’s
starting characteristics. Your Land Rover
dealer can advise you about the supply and
use of a cylinder block heater.

Warming up

In the interests of fuel economy, it is advisable
to start driving straight away, remembering
that harsh acceleration or labouring the engine
before the normal operating temperature has
been reached can damage the engine.

NOTE: Remember to turn off the cold start

control once normal operating temperature is
reached.

50

Starting & driving

WARNING

Exhaust fumes contain poisonous
substances which can cause
unconsciousness and may even be fatal.

• DO NOT inhale exhaust gases.

• DO NOT start or leave the engine running

in an enclosed unventilated area, or
drive with the rear door open.

• DO NOT modify the exhaust system from

the original design.

• DO repair exhaust system or body leaks

immediately.

• If you think exhaust fumes are entering

the vehicle have the cause determined
and corrected immediately.

Parking

After bringing the vehicle to a stop, ALWAYS
apply the handbrake and select neutral in the
main gearbox before releasing the foot brake
and switching off the engine.

Switching off

Return the starter switch to position ’I’ and
then to position ’0’ to remove the key.

51

Starting & driving

EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM

Land Rover vehicles are fitted with emission
and evaporative control equipment necessary
to meet a number of territorial requirements.

In many countries, it is against the law for
vehicle owners to modify or tamper with
emission control equipment, or to sanction
the unauthorised replacement or modification
of this equipment by a repair shop. In such
cases, the vehicle owner and the repairer may
both be liable for legal penalties.

It is important to remember that all Land
Rover dealers are properly equipped to
perform repairs and to maintain the emission
control system on your vehicle.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Vehicle stability

Your vehicle has a higher ground
clearance and, hence, a higher centre of
gravity than ordinary passenger cars, to
enable the vehicle to perform in a wide
variety of different off-road applications.
An advantage of the higher ground
clearance is a better view of the road,
allowing the driver to more easily
anticipate problems. Inexperienced
drivers should take additional care,
remembering that the Defender is not
designed for cornering at the same speed
as conventional passenger cars, any more
than a low slung sports car is designed to
perform satisfactorily in off-road
conditions. As with other vehicles of this
type, failure to operate the Defender
correctly may result in loss of control or
even vehicle rollover.

Vehicle height

The overall height of your vehicle exceeds
that of ordinary passenger cars. Always
be aware of the height of your vehicle and
check available headroom before driving
through low entrances. This is particularly
important if the vehicle is fitted with a
roof rack or if a sunroof is open.

52

Starting & driving

RUNNING-IN (petrol & diesel models)

Proper running-in will have a direct bearing on
the reliability and smooth running of your
vehicle throughout its life.

In particular, the engine, gearbox, brakes and
tyres need time to bed-in and adjust to the
demands of everyday motoring. It is therefore
essential to drive with considerationfor the
running-in process for at least the first 800
km (500 miles) and observe the following
advice:

• LIMIT maximum speed to 80 km/h (50

mph) for Td5, Tdi and 4-cylinder petrol
engines and 95 km/h (60 mph) for V8
engines. Initially, drive the vehicle on a
light throttle and only increase engine
speeds once the running-in distance has
been completed.

• DO NOT operate at full throttle or allow the

engine to labour in any gear.

• AVOID fast acceleration and heavy braking

except in emergencies.

FUEL ECONOMY

Fuel consumption is influenced by two major
factors:

• How your vehicle is maintained.

• How you drive your vehicle.

To obtain optimum fuel economy, it is
essential that your vehicle is maintained in
accordance with the manufacturer’s service
schedule.

Items such as ignition timing, the condition of
the air cleaner element, tyre pressures and
wheel alignment can have a significanteffect
on fuel consumption. But above all, the way in
which you drive is most important. The
following hints may help you to obtain even
better value from your motoring:

• Avoid unnecessary, short, start-stop

journeys.

• Avoid fast starts by accelerating gently and

smoothly from rest.

• Do not drive in the lower gears longer than

necessary.

• Decelerate gently and avoid sudden and

heavy braking.

• Anticipate obstructions and adjust your

speed accordingly well in advance.

DRIVE GENTLY - SAVE FUEL!

53

Starting & driving

IMPORTANT DRIVING INFORMATION

Instruments & warning lights

Before driving, it is important to fully
understand the function of the instruments
and warning lights described in section 2.

NOTE: Red warning lights are of particular

importance, illumination indicates that a fault
exists. If a red light illuminates,always stop
the vehicle and seek qualified assistance
before continuing.

Vehicle stability

Your vehicle has a higher ground clearance
and, therefore, a higher centre of gravitythan
ordinary passenger cars. This will result in
different handling characteristics.
Inexperienced drivers should take additional
care, particularly in off-road driving situations
and when performing abrupt manoeuvres at
inappropriate speeds or on unstable surfaces.

Vehicle height

The overall height of your vehicle exceeds that
of ordinary passenger cars. Always be aware
of the height of your vehicle and check the
available headroom before driving through
low entrances. This is particularlyimportant if
the vehicle is fitted with a roof rack or if the
sunroof is open.

Power assisted steering

Power assistance is progressivelyapplied the
more the steering wheel is turned. For
example; where manual steering effort would
normally be greatest (at slow speeds on
maximum lock), power assistance is greatest.
Similarly, where only minimal steering effort
would normally be required (at high speed
with the wheels straight ahead), then power
assistance is also minimal, thus enabling the
driver to benefit from apparently consistent
steering effort at all times.

WARNING

Under no circumstances must the steering
wheel be held on full lock for more than
thirty seconds in one minute, otherwise the
steering assembly may be damaged.

NOTE: Power assistance is dependent on the

engine running. If the engine is not running,
greater effort will be required to steer the
vehicle.

Auxiliary equipment

WARNING

DO NOT use auxiliary equipment, such as
roller generators, that are driven by one
wheel of the vehicle, as they could cause
failure of the gearbox differential. If the
gearbox differential lock is engaged in an
attempt to avoid damage, the vehicle will
drive itself forward.

54

Fuel

PETROL ENGINES

USE ONLY RECOMMENDED FUEL

4 cylinder engines:

Use 90 RON minimum leaded or unleaded fuel
wherever possible.

V8 engines:

Use 91 - 93 leaded or unleaded fuel wherever
possible.

The RON value (octane rating) of petroleum
commonly available at garage forecourts will
vary in different countries. The RON value
quoted is the MINIMUM requirement and
whilst this can be safely exceeded,no
advantage in performance or fuel economy
will be gained by using a higher octane fuel.

If heavy engine knock is detected when using
the recommended octane rated fuel, or if
steady engine knocking is present while
maintaining a steady speed on level roads,
contact your dealer for advice.

NOTE: An occasional, light, engine knock

while acceleratingor climbing hills is
acceptable.

DIESEL ENGINES

The quality of diesel fuel (Derv) can vary in
different countries and only clean, good
quality fuel should be used. It is important
that the sulphur content of diesel fuel does
not exceed 1%; in Europe all supplies should
be within this limit, but in other parts of the
world, you should check with your supplier.

Ensure the fuel filter element is changed and
the fuel sedimenter drained, at the
recommended service intervals.

If good quality diesel fuel is unavailableand it
is necessary to use poor quality fuel, it may be
necessary to have the fuel filter/sedimenter
drained regularly.

NOTE: The use of paraffin (kerosene) as a

diesel fuel additive is illegal in the UK.

WARNING

On both petrol and diesel engine vehicles, if
the fuel tank is accidentally filled with the
wrong fuel, it is ESSENTIAL that you contact
your dealer BEFORE attempting to start the
engine!

55

Fuel filling

To unlock the fuel cap;

1. Insert the key and turn it 90°clockwise.

2. Turn the key back to the vertical and then

remove.

The cap should then be unscrewed gradually
(see Warning below).

WARNING

To avoid any sudden discharge of fuel
caused by excessive air pressure, the cap is
designed to allow the fuel tank to vent
during the first half turn. DO NOT fully
remove the cap until pressure has been
released.

Filling station pumps are equipped with
automatic cut-off sensing to avoid fuel
spillage - only fill the tank until the filler nozzle
automatically shuts off. DO NOT attempt to fill
the tank beyond this point or spillage could
result due to expansion of the fuel.

Fuel

SAFETY ON THE FORECOURT

Petroleum gases are highly inflammable
and in confined spaces are also explosive.
Always take sensible precautionswhen
refuelling:

• Switch off the engine.

• Do not smoke or use a naked flame

or light.

• Take care not to spill fuel.

• Do not overfill the tank.

WARNING

DO NOT fully fill the tank if the vehicle is to
be parked on a slope in direct sunlight or
high ambient temperature - expansion of the
fuel could cause spillage.

When replacing the fuel cap, turn it clockwise
until the cap clicks at least three times - this
locks the cap (the key is not needed).

56

Fuel

Empty fuel tank

DO NOT RUN THE FUEL TANK DRY!

In the case of Tdi diesel models, qualified
assistance may be required to prime the fuel
system before the engine can be restarted.

Td5 diesel engine vehicles

In the case of Td5 vehicles,carry out the
following procedure:

1. Turn off the starter switch and wait for 15

seconds.

2. Turn the starter key to position ’II’ and

wait for 30 seconds.

3. Turn off the starter switch.

Repeat steps 2 and 3 six times.

4. Fully depress the acceleratorpedal.

5. Keeping the pedal depressed, start

cranking the engine.

6. Continue cranking the engine and as soon

as the engine is running on all cylinders,
ease the accelerator pedal back to
approximately halfway through its travel,
and release the starter key. The engine
should now be running.

7. If the engine fails to start, repeat the

process.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

The engine must NOT be cranked for
more than 20 seconds in any one period.

If the above procedure is carried out on a
vehicle that has NOT run out of fuel, it will
result in the engine flooding with fuel and
failing to start.

During the above procedure, the fuel pump
will be heard to operate (priming the engine).
This noise is not a cause for concern.

57

Fuel

FUEL CUT-OFF SWITCH

(Td5 models only)
The fuel cut-off switch is a safety device
which, in the event of a collision or sudden
impact, automatically cuts off the fuel supply
to the engine.

The switch is located on the engine
compartment bulkhead. After an impact, the
switch must be reset by pressing the rubber
top (arrowed in illustration) before the engine
can be restarted.

WARNING

ALWAYS check for fuel leaks before
resetting the switch!

58

Gearbox & transmission

MAIN GEARBOX

Your vehicle features a five speed main
gearbox and a two speed transfer box. In
addition, a centre differential in the transfer
box distributes the drive to the front and rear
axles, providing permanent four wheel drive.
By using the main gearbox in conjunction with
the transfer gears, ten forward and two
reverse speeds are available.

The gear positions for the main gearbox are
shown on the gear lever knob. Note that when
the gearbox is in neutral, the gear lever is
spring-loaded to automatically align between
third and fourth gear positions.

Clutch

Take care NOT to use the clutch pedal as a
foot rest. To prevent unnecessary wear,
always keep the left foot well clearof the
clutch pedal, except when changing gear.

WARNING

Do NOT select reverse gear unless the
vehicle is stationary.

59

Gearbox & transmission

TRANSFER GEARBOX

The second gear lever is used to select either
the high or low range of gears in the transfer
gearbox and, in addition, also controls the
centre differential (known as the ’DIFF LOCK’).

High range (’H’)

Use high range for all normal road driving and
also for off-road driving across dry, level
terrain.

Low range (’L’)

Use low range gears when moving off from
rest when towing a heavy load, or in any
situation where low speed manoeuvring is
necessary, such as reversinga trailer or
negotiating a boulder strewn river bed; also
use for more extreme off-road conditions
where progress in high range cannot be
maintained.

Neutral (’N’)

With the transfer lever in neutral, drive cannot
be transmitted to the road wheels, regardless
of the position of the main gear lever. Use
transfer neutral when being towed or when
using winching or power take off facilities.

’Diff lock’ centre differential

Use the ’unlocked’ position for all normal
driving, and use the ’DIFF-LOCK’ position to
improve traction in extreme conditions where
wheel grip could be lost, such as: wet grass,
mud, sand, ice or snow. Return to the
’unlocked’ position as soon as dry, firm,
ground is reached.

DO NOT use the ’diff lock’ unnecessarily!

60

Gearbox & transmission

USING THE TRANSFER GEARBOX

With the vehicle stationary and the engine
running, depress the clutch and then move
the lever fully forward (or backwards)in TWO
distinct but positive moves - ’high to

neutral’.... ’neutral to low’ (or vice versa).

If there is resistance to the gear engaging, do
not force the lever. Instead, with the main
lever in gear, release the clutch momentarily
and then try again.

Changing from low to high on the move:

Changing from ’L’ (low) to ’H’ (high) can be
achieved without stopping the vehicle, as
follows:

1. Apply slight backward pressure to the

transfer gear lever in preparationfor
changing.

2. Then, in three simultaneous moves,

depress the clutch, release the accelerator
and pull the transfer lever into neutral.

3. Release the clutch pedal for approximately

3 seconds before depressing it again and
moving the transfer lever firmly into the
high position.

4. Finally, select a suitable main gear, release

the clutch and continue driving in the
normal way.

NOTE: After a little practice, this operation

can be carried out smoothly and quickly by
using firm, positive moves.

61

Gearbox & transmission

THE DIFFERENTIAL LOCK

Unlike many four wheel drive vehicles, all
Land Rover vehicles have permanent four
wheel drive. This is achieved by the inclusion
of a lockable differential between the front and
rear drive shafts. With the differentiallocked,
the drive shafts to front and rear axlesare (in
effect) joined together, causing both to rotate
at the same speed. This is a normal feature
with all four wheel drive vehiclesand
enhances traction on difficult off-road
surfaces. However, with the differential
unlocked the different running requirements
of the two axles can be accommodated,
thereby enabling Land Rover vehiclesto
operate permanently in four wheel drive for
both road AND off-road use.

Selecting diff lock

The diff lock can be engaged or disengaged
either with the vehicle stationary, or when
driving at any road speed. However, with the
vehicle in motion it is ESSENTIAL to be
travelling on firm ground, in a straight line,
and without wheel slip.

WARNING

DO NOT engage the diff lock if one or more
wheels are slipping - this could damage the
transmission. If wheels are slipping, ease
off the accelerator before engaging the diff
lock.

DO NOT engage the diff lock from the
transfer neutral position.

To lock the differential:

Briefly ease the throttle and move the transfer
gear lever to the left - from either ’H’ (high) or
’L’ (low) position (the warning light on the
instrument panel will illuminate).

To unlock the differential:

Move the transfer gear lever to the right - to
either ’H’ (high) or ’L’ (low) position as
required; when the diff lock disengages the
warning light will extinguish.

62

Gearbox & transmission

When to use the diff lock

As a general rule, the differential should only
be locked in order to drive off-road on loose
and slippery surfaces. ALWAYS unlock the
differential for normal road driving or as soon
as a hard grippy surface is reached whether
high or low gears are selected.

NOTE: A valuable introduction to off-road

driving, which includes many useful
referencesto the transfer gearbox and ’diff
lock’, is included in the ’Off-road driving’
section of the handbook.

WARNING

If the vehicle is driven on normal road
surfaces with the differential locked, the
steering will feel stiff, excessive tyre wear
will occur and the transmission will be
’wound up’. This places excessive strain on
the transmission.

Diff lock warning light

The amber warning light on the instrument
panel illuminates when the diff lock is actually
engaged - rather than when it has been
selected. Similarly it will only extinguish when
the diff lock is actually disengaged. This
accounts for a slight delay between diff lock
deselection and the warning light
extinguishing which is quite normal.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Transmission ’wind up’

If the warning light is obviously reluctant
to extinguish after the diff lock has been
deselected, some transmission ’wind up’
may be present.

Reversing the vehicle for a short distance
and then going forward will usually
’unwind’ the transmission and extinguish
the light and the vehicle can then be
driven as normal. However, if after two or
three attempts to ’unwind’ the
transmission the light remains on,
consult your dealer AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE.

63

Brakes

BRAKING SYSTEM

The hydraulic braking system operates
through dual circuits; if one circuit should fail,
the other will continue to function. However,
in the event of a brake failure where only one
circuit is operational, the vehicleshould only
be driven at slow speed to the nearest
qualified dealer. In these circumstances,
exercise extreme caution and be aware that
much greater pedal effort and longer stopping
distances will be required.

The braking system is servo assisted. This
means that if the engine stops running, all
servo assistance will be lost, requiring greater
pedal effort and resulting in longer stopping
distances.

Brake pads

Brake pads require a period of bedding in. You
should avoid heavy braking, except in
emergencies, for at least the first 800 km (500
miles).

Remember that regular servicing is vital to
ensure that the brake pads are examined for
wear and changed periodically to ensure long
term safety and optimum performance.

Brake warning light

If the warning light on the instrument panel
illuminates while driving, and the handbrake is
fully released, a fault with the braking system
is indicated. Check the brake fluid level; if the
light continues to illuminate, seek qualified
assistance before continuing.

WARNING

DO NOT rest your foot on the brake pedal
while travelling, as this may overheat the
brakes, reduce their efficiency and cause
excessive wear.

NEVER move a vehicle without the engine
running because braking assistance will not
be available. The pedal brakes will still
function, but more pressure will be
required.

ALWAYS take particular care when being
towed with the engine turned off.

If the brake warning light should illuminate
while the vehicle is in motion, bring the
vehicle to a halt as quickly as traffic
conditions and safety permit and seek
qualified assistance before continuing - DO
NOT pump the brake pedal. If the brake
pedal is pumped, the braking system may
lose any remaining assistance available.

Wet conditions

Driving through water or even very heavy rain
may adversely affect braking efficiency.
Always dry the braking surfaces by
intermittent light application of the brakes,
first ensuring that you are at a safe distance
from other road users.

64

Brakes

HANDBRAKE

Unlike most other vehicles, the handbrake
operates on the rear propeller shaft, and NOT
on the road wheels. This may result in slight
movement of the vehicle after the handbrake
is applied.

To engage the handbrake, depress the button
and pull the lever up.

To release, pull the lever up slightly, depress
the button and lower the lever.

Always apply the handbrake fully whenever
you park.

When parking on a slope, do not rely on the
handbrake alone to hold the vehicle, park in a
low forward gear when facing uphill and in
reverse gear when facing downhill. For extra
security on steep slopes, move the transfer
lever into low range or engage the diff lock.

WARNING

DO NOT apply the handbrake while the
vehicle is in motion as this could result in
loss of vehicle control and damage to the
transmission.

DO NOT rely on the handbrake to operate
effectively if the vehicle has been subjected
to immersion in mud and water (see
’Off-road driving’).

65

Brakes

ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM

(if fitted)
The anti-lock braking system (ABS) prevents
the wheels from locking, thereby helping to
maintain steering control. No specialdriving
techniques or effort is required from the
driver.

Under normal braking (where sufficientroad
surface friction exists to reliablybring the
vehicle to a halt, without the wheels locking),
the anti-lock braking system will not be
activated. However, if the force of your
braking should exceed the availableadhesion
between the tyres and the road, causing one
or more wheels to lock, then the anti-lock
braking system will automaticallycome into
operation. This will be recognised by a rapid
pulsation felt through the brake pedal.

WARNING

The anti-lock braking system cannot
overcome the physical limitations of
stopping the vehicle in too short a distance,
cornering at high speed, or aquaplaning, i.e
where a layer of water prevents adequate
contact between the tyres and road surface.

The fact that the vehicle is fitted with
anti-lock braking, must never tempt the
driver into taking risks that could affect
his/her safety, or that of other road users.
Drivers still have a duty to drive within
normal safety margins, having due
consideration for the prevailing road
surface, weather and traffic conditions.

Anti-lock braking in action

In an emergency situation, full braking effort
should ALWAYS be applied, even when the
road surface is slippery. The anti-lock braking
system constantly monitors the speed of each
wheel and varies braking pressureto each,
according to the amount of traction available,
thereby ensuring that the wheels do not lock.

Always remember, ABS is designed to
maintain steering control under heavy braking
conditions.

On soft surfaces such as powdery snow, sand
or gravel, braking distances may be greater
than those achievable on a vehicle without
anti-lock braking. This is becausethe action of
locked wheels on loose surfaces, is to build
up a wedge of material in front of the wheels,
which assists in bringing the vehicleto a halt.
However, even in these circumstances,the
anti-lock braking system will provide better
stability and steering control.

66

Brakes

Warning light

The anti-lock braking system

incorporates a monitoring
system, which checks that all the electrical
components are in working order, as soon as
the starter switch is turned to position ’II’ and
also at frequent intervals during your journey.

The warning light on the instrument panel is
an important part of this system. The warning
light should illuminate for approximatelyone
second when the starter switch is turned to
position ’II’ and then briefly extinguishes
before coming on again. If the light does not
extinguish and then illuminate again, a fault
has occurred with the ABS system and you
should consult your Land Rover dealer at the
earliest opportunity. The warning light will
remain illuminated until the vehicleis driven
above approximately 5 mph (8 km/h).

If the light remains on, or subsequently
illuminates while driving, a fault has been
detected by the self monitoring system and
full ABS control may not be available - consult
your dealer at the earliest opportunity.

67

Traction control

ELECTRONIC TRACTION CONTROL

(if fitted)
The purpose of electronic traction control is to
aid traction when one wheel spins while the
other still has good grip, eg. if one side of the
vehicle is on ice and the other is on tarmac.
The system works by applying the brake to a
spinning wheel in order to transfer torque to
the other side of the axle.

NOTE: Traction control only operates below

approximately30 mph (50 km/h).

The instrument panel has a traction control
warning light (TC) which illuminates whenever
the system is active (for a minimum of 2
seconds) and also illuminates as a bulb check
(for approximately 4 seconds) when the
starter switch is turned to position ’II’. In the
unlikely event that traction control operates
continuously for too long (in excess of
approximately 1 minute), then the control unit
shuts down to allow cooling and the warning
light flashes for at least ten seconds.

If there is a fault with the system, then the
warning light will illuminate continuously ­contact your dealer at the earliestopportunity.

68

Towing & load carrying

TOWING

WARNING

If a Nato Hook or a Jaw and Pintle type
towing accessory is to be fitted to your
vehicle, DO NOT attach them directly to the
chassis rear cross-member - it is essential
that an adapter plate kit (available from a
Land Rover dealer) is also fitted.

The torque ranges of Land Rover engines
allow maximum-weight loads to be pulled
smoothly from standstill, and reduce gear
changing on hills or rough terrain.

The suspension is designed to cope with a
heavy trailer load without upsetting the
balance or feel of the vehicle.

WARNING

Only fit towing accessories that have been
designed and approved by Land Rover.

Ensure that the gross weight and maximum
rear axle weight are not exceeded.

When preparing your vehicle for towing,
always pay careful attention to the trailer
manufacturer’s recommendations and the
following guidelines.

• Ensure that the towing vehicle tyre

pressures are correct and that the trailer
tyre pressures are as recommended by the
trailer manufacturer.

• With the trailer and vehicle unladen,

balance the combination so that the trailer
draw-bar and the hitch point on the vehicle
are at the same height. Adjust the height
of the hitch point if necessary.

• Check the operation of trailer brakesand

lights.

• For maximum stability, ensure that loads

are properly secured and unable to shift
position during transit. Also, position
loads so that most of the weight is placed
close to the floor and, where possible,
immediately above or close to the trailer
axle(s).

• After loading the trailer, check that the

weight on the hitch point (this is called the
draw-bar loading weight, or nose weight),
is in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendations.

• When calculating the laden weight of the

trailer, remember to include the weight of
the trailer PLUS THE LOAD.

• Where the load weight can be divided

between trailer and tow vehicle, loading
more weight into the vehicle will generally
improve the stability of the combination.

• A smooth start will be achieved with

trailers over 2000 kg (4400 lb) by moving
off in LOW range, then changing to HIGH
range while on the move (see ’Transfer
gearbox’).

69

Towing & load carrying

NOTE: Towing regulations vary from country to country. It is very important to ensure that

national regulations governing towing weights and speed limits are observed (refer to the relevant
national motoring organisation for information). The following maximum permissible towed
weights refer to the vehicle’sdesign limitations and NOT to any specific territorial restriction.

Maximum permissible towed weights On-road kg Off-road kg

Unbraked trailers 750........................................................................ 500

Trailers with overrun brakes 3500...................................................... 1000

4 wheel trailers with coupled brakes 3500.......................................... 1000

NOSE WEIGHT

The recommended trailer nose weight limit is
150 kg (330 lb). The nose weight plus the
combined weight of the vehicle’s load carrying
area and rear seat passengers,must never
exceed the maximum rear axle load or the
gross vehicle weight (as shown in ’General
data’).

WARNING

DO NOT carry unsecured equipment, tools or
luggage which could move and cause
personal injury in the event of an accident or
emergency manoeuvre, either on or off
road.

VEHICLE WEIGHTS

When loading a vehicle to its maximum (gross
vehicle weight), consideration must be taken
of the unladen vehicle weight and the
distribution of the load to ensure that axle
loadings do not exceed the permitted
maximum values.

It is your responsibility to limit the vehicle
load in such a way that neither the maximum
axle loads nor the gross vehicle weight are
exceeded (see ’General data’).

70

Towing & load carrying

Coupled braking systems

In order to tow a trailer with a weight in
excess of 3,500 kg, the vehicle must be
adapted to operate a coupled brake system. If
this adaptation is carried out, the vehicle
identification number plate (VIN) must be
changed to show the increased train weight.

Revised VIN plates may be obtained from
Land Rover; these will be issued subject to
satisfactory proof that the vehicle has been
fitted with an approved conversion.

NOTE: Above 300 metres (1,000 feet) the

effects of altitude can adversely affect engine
performance and also cause overheating.

Trailer socket

When the engine is running, power
consumption from trailer socket must NOT
exceed 5 amps.

ROOF RACK

ALWAYS use an approved roof rack and
follow the manufacturers’ fitting instructions
carefully. A full list of all available accessories
is available from your Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

ALWAYS consult your dealer for advice
regarding the approval, suitability,
installation and use of any parts or
accessories before fitting.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

• The MAXIMUM roof rack load is

150 kg.

• A loaded roof rack can reduce the

stability of the vehicle, particularly
when cornering and encountering
cross winds.

• All loads should be evenly

distributed, and secured within the
periphery of the rack.

• Always secure the load to the side

rails, not just to the cross rails.

• Driving off-road with a loaded roof

rack is not recommended. If it is
necessary to stow luggage on the
roof rack while driving off-road, all
loads MUST be removed before
traversing side slopes.

• Only fit roof racks that have been

designed for your vehicle. If in
doubt, consult your dealer.

71

Emergency starting

Starting an engine with a discharged battery

The ONLY recommended methods of
restarting a vehicle with a discharged battery
are:

• The use of a substitute battery fitted to the

disabled vehicle.

• The use of booster cables to connect the

battery from a donor vehicle to the
discharged battery.

USING BOOSTER CABLES

WARNING

Batteries emit explosive hydrogen gas ­keep sparks and naked lights away from the
battery compartment.

Make sure BOTH batteries are of the same
voltage (12 volts), and that the booster
cables have insulated clamps and are
approved for use with 12 volt batteries.

DO NOT connect positive (+) terminals to
negative (-) terminals, and ensure booster
cables are kept away from any moving parts
in the engine compartment.

Take care when working near rotating parts
of the engine.

Always adopt the following procedure when
using booster cables:.

1. If a donor vehicle is to be used, both

vehicles should be parked with their
battery locations adjacent to each other.
Ensure that the two vehicles do not touch.

2. Apply the handbrakes and ensure that the

transmission of both vehicles is set in
neutral (’P’ or Park for donor vehicleswith
automatic transmission).

3. Turn off the starter switch and ALL

electrical equipment of BOTH vehicles.

4. Connect the RED booster cable between

the positive (+) terminal of the donor
battery and the positive (+) terminal of the
discharged battery.

5. Connect the BLACK booster cable from the

negative (-) terminal of the donor battery
to a good earthing point on the disabled
vehicle (eg. an engine mounting or other
unpainted metal surface) - at least 0.5m
away from the battery and well away from
fuel and brake lines. For safety reasons,

DO NOT connect this cable to the
negative terminal of the discharged
battery.

6. Check that the booster cables are clear of

any moving parts in either engine, then
start the engine of the donor vehicle and
allow it to idle for a few minutes.

7. Now start the vehicle with the discharged

battery.

72

Emergency starting

8. Once both engines are running normally,

allow them to idle for two minutes before
switching off the engine of the donor
vehicle and disconnecting the booster
cables. DO NOT switch on any electrical
circuits on the previously disabledvehicle
until AFTER the booster cables have been
removed.

9. Disconnecting the booster cables must be

an EXACT reversal of the connecting
procedure, ie; disconnect the BLACK

cable from the earthing point on the
disabled vehicle FIRST.

73

Vehicle recovery

VEHICLE RECOVERY

If it is necessary to recover the vehicle by
towing, always adhere to the following
procedure:

Towing the vehicle (on four-wheels)

1. Set the main gearbox and transfer box in

neutral.

2. Ensure the differential lock is in the

unlocked position.

3. Turn the starter switch to the first position

to unlock the steering and leave in this
position while the vehicle is being towed.

4. Secure the towing attachment to the

vehicle.

5. Release the handbrake.

NOTE: If, due to an accident or electrical fault

it is not considered safe to turn the starter
switch, the battery must be disconnected.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

DO NOT attempt to tow the vehicle unless
the starter switch is turned to position ’I’
(to unlock the steering).

• DO NOT attempt to remove the

starter key or turn the switch to
position ’0’ while the vehicle is in
motion.

• Without the engine running, the

brake servo and power steering
pump cannot provide assistance.
Greater brake pedal and steering
effort are therefore necessary to
safely control the vehicle.

Suspended tow

WARNING

Your vehicle has permanent four wheel
drive - the propeller shaft MUST be removed
from the axle to be trailed.

If the front axle is to be trailed ALWAYS
adhere to the following precautions:

• Ensure the four bolts securing the front

propeller shaft to the gearbox are tightly
secured with the appropriate nuts after
disconnecting the propeller shaft ­otherwise serious damage to the gearbox
may occur.

• Unlock the steering.

• Secure the steering wheel and/or linkage

in the straight ahead position - the
steering lock MUST NOT be used for this
purpose.

WARNING

The propeller shaft MUST only be
reconnected by a qualified Land Rover
engineer. Contact your Land Rover dealer
for further information.

74

Vehicle recovery

Transporter or trailer lashing

Use the towing rings on the front and rear
cross members as lashing points (see
illustration). DO NOT secure lashing hooks or
trailer fixings to any other part of the vehicle.

75

Ancillary equipment

Winches

A number of different winches, suited to jobs
ranging from vehicle recovery to haulage, can
be fitted to your Defender. For further
information on the types of winch available
and their various uses, contact your Land
Rover dealer.

As winch operation will vary considerably on
different winch units, it is essential that the
manufacturer’s operating instructions are
understood and followed carefully.

Winch safety

WARNING

If used incorrectly, winches can be
extremely dangerous.

ALWAYS follow the manufacturer’s
operating instructions carefully.

NEVER stand near, or astride a winching
cable whilst it is under tension.

ALWAYS wear protective gloves when
handling winching cables.

In addition;

• DO NOT attempt to continue winching if

the winch has stalled due to overloading.

• Inspect the winch and cable regularly -

ALWAYS have worn or damaged parts
replaced immediately.

• Only use recommended replacement parts

of the same specification as the original
equipment - failure to do so may not only
damage the winch, but may cause serious
personal injury.

After winching

Whilst wearing thick, protective gloves, clean
and lubricate the cable with a recommended
cable lubricant. For further information,
consult your Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

NEVER allow a cable to kink, coil or overlap.

NOTE: If a capstan winch is used, ensure the

rope is cleaned and dried before stowing.

76

Ancillary equipment

Power take-off drives

Your Defender is capable of providing a static
or mobile power source, which can be used to
power generators, compressors, pumps and
other ancillary equipment, mounted on or
under the vehicle, by means of shaft, belt or
hydraulic drive. This is possibleby having a
power take-off drive unit fitted to the transfer
gearbox. This provides the basic drive for
several variations of power take-off layouts.

The power take-off capability is an integral
part of the vehicle design and has been tried
and tested under the most rigorous and
demanding conditions across the world. Land
Rover dealers provide a full range of power
take-off drive units and accessories,designed
and built for the Defender.

For static operation, select neutral in the
transfer gearbox to disconnect the drive to the
road wheels - it is then possible to operate the
power take-off independently. The forward
gears and hand throttle (if fitted) can now be
used to control the operating speed. To
prevent the transmission from being
overloaded, it is recommended that the
highest gear possible should be used.

The lower gears can be used when lower
operating speeds are required, but they
should only be used for light workloads and
for short periods of time.

If power take-off is being used while the
vehicle is moving, it will operate at a speed in
direct proportion to the road speed of the
vehicle and to the selected transfergear ratio.

For more information on the use of power
take-off drives and equipment, consult your
Land Rover dealer.

77

Ancillary equipment

HAND THROTTLE

(if fitted)
The hand throttle is for use in conjunction
with power take-off equipment (winches,
pumps etc.), when a relatively constant engine
speed is required.

Operating the hand throttle

1. Select ’N’ (neutral) in the transfer gearbox.

2. Pull the hand throttle control out until the

desired engine speed is achieved.

3. Twist the control clockwise to lock the

throttle in position.

The accelerator pedal can be used to
temporarily over-ride the hand throttle (to
increase engine speed). Once the accelerator
is released, the engine speed will return to the
level set by the hand throttle.

To turn the hand throttle off, twist the control
fully in (to the closed position).

Ensure the hand throttle is fully closed before
driving.

WARNING

DO NOT attempt to use the hand throttle
when the vehicle is being driven.

78

SECTION 4

Owner maintenance

The long-term safety, reliability and
performance of your vehicle will depend very
largely on how well it is maintained.

Maintenance is the owner’s responsibility and
it is ESSENTIAL that all routine servicesare
carried out at the specified intervals. These are
shown in the Service Portfolio book included
in the literature pack. The Service Portfolio
book also includes service record dockets,
which must be correctly endorsed by your
Land Rover dealer at the conclusion of each
service.

This section of the handbook includes
information to assist the owner carry out
those daily, weekly and monthly checks that
are also necessary to ensure safe, reliable
motoring.

Section Contents Page

Owner maintenance 81...................................

Safety in the garage 83...................................

Bonnet opening 84.........................................

Engine compartment 86.................................

Tyres 98.........................................................

Washer jets & wiper blades 100.....................

Battery 101.....................................................

Wheel changing 105.......................................

Wading plugs 112..........................................

Fuses 113.......................................................

Bulb replacement 116.....................................

Cleaning & vehicle care 121............................

79

80

Owner maintenance

OWNER MAINTENANCE

In addition to the routine services, which
should be carried out by your Land Rover
dealer at the intervals shown in the Service
Portfolio book, a number of simple checks
(listed below) must be carried out by the
owner or driver on a regular basis.
These are fully described on the pages that
follow.

Daily checks

• Operation of lights, horn, direction

indicators, wipers, washers and warning
lights.

• Operation of seat belts and brakes.

• Look for deposits on the garage floor

which may indicate a fluid leak.

Weekly checks

These should be carried out at least every 250
miles or 400 km.

• Engine oil level.

• Cooling system level.

• Screen washer reservoir level.

• Condition and pressure of tyres.

• Clutch fluid level

• Brake fluid level.

• Power steering fluid level.

NOTE: Any significant or sudden drop in fluid

levels, or uneven tyre wear should be reported
to a Land Rover dealer without delay.

The gearbox fluid level should only be
checked by a Land Rover dealer at the time of
a routine service.

All fluid specifications and capacitiesare
shown in ’Generaldata’.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Special operating conditions

When a vehicle is operated in extremely
arduous conditions or on dusty, wet or
muddy terrain, more frequent attention
must be paid to servicing requirements.

For example; if your vehicle experiences
deep wading conditions, even DAILY
servicing could be necessary to ensure
the continued safe and reliable operation
of the vehicle.

Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.

81

Owner maintenance

Planned maintenance

Regular systematic maintenance is the key to
ensuring the continued reliability and
efficiency of your vehicle.

The routine maintenance requirements for
your vehicle are shown in the ServicePortfolio
book. Most of this necessary workshop
maintenance requires specialisedknowledge
and equipment, and should preferably be
entrusted to your Land Rover dealer.

Emission control

Your vehicle is fitted with various items of
emission and evaporative control equipment
designed to meet specific territorial
requirements.

You should be aware that unauthorised
replacement, modification or tampering with
this equipment by an owner or repair shop,
may be unlawful and subject to legal penalties.

In addition, engine settings must not be
tampered with. These have been established
to ensure that your vehicle complies with
stringent exhaust emission regulations.
Incorrect engine settings may adverselyaffect
exhaust emissions, engine performanceand
fuel consumption, as well as causing high
temperatures, which will result in damage to
the vehicle.

Road testing on dynamometers

(’rolling roads’)

WARNING

Because your vehicle is equipped with
permanent four-wheel drive, it is essential
that any dynamometer testing is carried out
ONLY by a qualified person familiar with the
dynamometer testing and safety procedures
practised by Land Rover dealers. Contact
your Land Rover dealer for further
information.

82

Owner maintenance

SAFETY IN THE GARAGE

Whenever you carry out maintenance on
your vehicle, the following safety
precautions should be observed at all times.

• ALWAYS keep hands, tools and items of

clothing clear of all drive belts and pulleys.

• DO NOT touch exhaust or cooling system

components until they are cool.

• DO NOT touch electrical leads or

components with the starter switch turned
on.

• NEVER leave the engine running in an

unventilated area - exhaust gases are
poisonous and contain carbon monoxide,
which can cause unconsciousness and
may even be fatal.

• DO NOT work beneath the vehicle with the

wheel change lifting jack as the only
means of support.

• Ensure sparks and naked lights are kept

away from the engine and battery
compartments.

WARNING

Remember; cooling fans and air
conditioning system condenser fans (if
fitted), may continue to operate after the
engine is switched off. Always wait until the
fans have completely stopped moving before
working in the engine compartment.

WARNING

Under no circumstances should any part of
the fuel system be dismantled or replaced
by anyone other than a suitably qualified
motor vehicle technician. Failure to comply
with this instruction may result in fuel
spillage with a consequent serious risk of
fire

Poisonous liquids

Most liquids and lubricants used in motor
vehicles are poisonous and should not be
consumed, or brought into contact with open
wounds. These include: battery acid,
anti-freeze, brake and power steeringfluid, as
well as petrol, diesel, engine oil and
windscreen washer additives.

For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obey
all instructions printed on labels and
containers.

Used engine oil

Prolonged contact with engine oil can cause
serious skin disorders, including dermatitis
and skin cancer. ALWAYS wash thoroughly
after contact.

It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses or
soil with toxic chemicals such as used engine
oil. ALWAYS dispose of vehicle liquids and
lubricants, at authorised waste disposal sites
or at garages which provide facilitiesfor the
receipt of discharged batteries, used engine
oil and toxic chemicals. If in doubt, contact
your Local Authority for advice.

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!

83

Bonnet opening

WARNING

Ensure the wipers are switched off and have
returned to the parked position before
opening the bonnet.

Pull the bonnet release handle (locatedin the
right hand footwell).

Lift the safety catch lever (as illustration) and
raise the bonnet.

Prop stay

Release the bonnet support stay from the
underside of the bonnet and fit the stay in the
corresponding hole in the bonnet locking
platform.

84

Bonnet opening

Prop stay

(Td5 models)

Unclip the stay from the bonnet locking
platform and fit the stay in the corresponding
slot in the underside of the bonnet.

Scissor action stay

Raise the bonnet until the stay fully extends.
Release the bonnet, ensuring that the stay
locks into position.

Closing the bonnet

After closing the bonnet, check that the lock is
fully engaged by attempting to lift the front
edge of the bonnet. This should be free from
all movement.

85

Engine compartment

1. Cooling system reservoir.

2. Brake fluid reservoir.

3. Clutch fluid reservoir.

4. Washer reservoir.

5. Engine oil filler cap.

6. Engine oil dipstick.

7. Power steering reservoir.

Td5 - Left hand steering

NOTE:

access flap before topping up the engine oil.

Ensure that sparks and naked lights are kept
away from the engine compartment.

86

It will be necessary to remove the

WARNING

Engine compartment

1. Diesel fuel filter.

2. Cooling system reservoir.

3. Brake fluid reservoir.

4. Clutch fluid reservoir.

5. Engine oil filler cap.

6. Engine oil dipstick.

7. Washer reservoir.

8. Power steering reservoir.

Tdi - Right hand steering

(non-air conditioning)

WARNING

Ensure that sparks and naked lights are kept
away from the engine compartment.

87

Engine compartment

1. Cooling system reservoir

2. Brake fluid reservoir.

3. Washer reservoir.

4. Engine oil dipstick.

5. Engine oil filler cap.

6. Power steering reservoir.

7. Clutch fluid reservoir.

8. Radiator filler plug.

V8 - Right hand steering

WARNING

Ensure that sparks and naked lights are kept
away from the engine compartment.

88

Engine compartment

Td5 diesel engine

ENGINE OIL LEVEL-CHECK & TOP-UP

Check the oil level at least every 400 km
(250 miles) when the engine is HOT and with
the vehicle resting on level ground.

Switch off the engine and let the vehicle stand
for five minutes to allow the oil to drain back
into the sump. Withdraw the dipstick and wipe
the blade clean and then fully reinsertthe
dipstick and withdraw again to check the level,
which should NEVER be allowed to fall below
the lower mark on the dipstick.

To top-up, unscrew the oil filler cap and add
oil to maintain the level between the UPPER
and LOWER marks on the dipstick.

NOTE: On Td5 models, it is necessary to

remove the access flap before topping-up - lift
the release tab (see illustration).

Tdi diesel engine

DO NOT OVERFILL!

As a general guide, if the level on the dipstick:

• is nearer to the upper mark than the lower,

add no oil.

• is nearer to the lower mark than the upper,

add half a litre of oil.

• is below the lower mark, add one litre of

oil and re-check the level after a further
five minutes.

NOTE: If it is necessary to check the oil level

when the engine is cold, DO NOT start the
engine. Follow the procedure detailed above,
but re-check the oil level as soon as the
engine has reached its normal operating
temperature.

89

Engine compartment

V8 petrol engine

Oil specifications

It is essential to use an oil suitablefor the
climatic conditions in which the vehicleis to
be operated. Precise specificationsare shown
in ’General data’. If in doubt, contact your
Land Rover dealer.

4-cylinder petrol engine

90

Engine compartment

Td5 diesel engine

COOLING SYSTEM TOP-UP

WARNING

The coolant level in the reservoir should be
checked at least weekly (more frequently in
high mileage or arduous operating
conditions). Always check the level WHEN
THE SYSTEM IS COLD.

Never run the engine without coolant.
NEVER remove the filler cap or radiator filler

plug when the engine is hot - escaping
steam or scalding water could cause serious
injury.

Unscrew the filler cap slowly, allowing the
pressure to escape before removing
completely.

Tdi diesel, V8 & 4-cyl petrol engines

Top-up with a 50% mixture of anti-freeze and
water so that the surface of the coolant is level
with the seam on the side of the tank. Ensure
the cap is tightened fully after top-up is
completed.

DO NOT overfill. This may result in damage to
the radiator.

If the level has fallen appreciably,suspect
leakage or overheating and arrangefor your
dealer to examine your vehicle.

NOTE: On V8 models, in addition to checking

the level on the tank, the radiator may need
topping-up - consult the procedure on the
following page.

91

Engine compartment

V8 models

On V8 models, as well as removing the
reservoir cap, carefully unscrew the radiator
filler plug (illustrated above), allowing
pressure to escape before removing
completely.

Top the radiator up, if necessary, with a 50%
mixture of anti-freeze and water to maintain
the level at approximately 12 mm (0.5 in)
below the radiator filler neck. Ensure the plug
is tightened fully after top-up is completed.

DO NOT OVERFILL!

Anti-freeze

Anti-freeze contains important corrosion
inhibitors. Ensure the 50% anti-freeze/water
solution is maintained and topped up all year
round (not just in cold conditions). Failure to
do so may cause corrosion of the radiator and
engine components.

The specific gravity of a 50% anti-freeze
solution at 20° C (68° F) is 1.075 and protects
against frost down to -36° C (-33° F).

Use ONLY ethylene glycol based anti-freeze
(containing no methanol) with Organic Acid
Technology (OAT) corrosion inhibitors.

In an emergency - and only if this type of
anti-freeze is unavailable - top-up the cooling
system with clean water, but be aware of the
resultant reduction in frost protection. DO
NOT top-up or refill with conventional
anti-freeze formulations. If in doubt, consult a
Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

Anti-freeze is poisonous and can be fatal if
swallowed. If accidental consumption of
anti-freeze is suspected, seek medical
attention immediately.

Prevent anti-freeze coming in contact with
the skin or eyes. If this occurs, rinse
immediately with plenty of water.

Anti-freeze will damage painted surfaces.
NEVER top-up with salt water. Even when

travelling in territories where the water
supply contains salt, always ensure you
carry a supply of fresh (rain or distilled)
water.

92

Engine compartment

WINDSCREEN WASHER TOP-UP

The windscreen washer reservoiralso
supplies the rear screen.

Check the reservoir level and top-up with a
mixture of water and an approved screen
washer solvent to approximately 25 mm (1 in)
below the bottom of the filler neck. In cold
weather, to prevent freezing, use a screen
washer solvent containing isopropanol.

Operate the washer switches to check that the
nozzles are clear and properly directed.

WARNING

DO NOT use an anti-freeze solution in the
washer reservoir. Anti-freeze will damage
painted surfaces.

93

Engine compartment

FUEL SEDIMENTER - Tdi diesel engines

(if fitted)
The sedimenter is located on the chassisside
member, near the rear wheel.

To drain:

Slacken off the drain plug (arrowed in
illustration), to allow any water to drain off.
Retighten the plug as soon as pure diesel is
emitted.

FUEL FILTER - Tdi diesel engines

The filter is located at the front of the engine
compartment.

To drain:

Slacken off the drain plug (1), to allow any
water to drain off. Retighten the plug as soon
as pure diesel is emitted.

94

Engine compartment

CLUTCH FLUID TOP-UP

Wipe the filler cap before removing, to prevent
dirt from entering the reservoir. Check the
fluid level and top up if necessary, maintaining
the level approximately 10 mm below the top
of the reservoir, using fluid meeting FMVSS
116 DOT 4 specification. Ensure dirt does not
enter the reservoir while filling.

Use only new fluid from a sealed container
(old fluid from opened containers, or fluid
previously bled from the system must NOT be
used).

WARNING

Clutch fluid will damage painted surfaces;
soak up any spillage with an absorbent cloth
immediately and wash the area with a
mixture of car shampoo and water.

Take care not to spill fluid onto a hot engine

- a fire may result.
Clutch fluid is highly toxic - keep containers

sealed and out of reach of children. If
consumption of fluid is suspected, seek
medical attention immediately.

If clutch fluid should come into contact with
the skin or eyes, rinse immediately with
plenty of water.

DO NOT OVERFILL!

If significant topping up is required, a leak is
indicated - consult your dealer immediately.

95

Engine compartment

WARNING

Contact your dealer immediately if brake
travel is unusually long or if there is any
appreciable drop in brake fluid.

BRAKE FLUID CHECK

The fluid level will fall slightlyduring use as a
result of brake pad wear, but should not be
allowed to fall below the ’MIN’ mark. Any
substantial drop in fluid indicates a leak in the
system, in which case the vehicle must NOT
be driven and you should contact your dealer.

With the vehicle on level ground, check the
fluid level at least every week (more frequently
in high mileage or arduous operating
conditions). Check the level visuallythrough
the side of the transparent container without
removing the filler cap.

Topping-up

Wipe the filler cap clean before removing to
prevent dirt from entering the reservoir,then
top up to the ’MAX’ mark using FMVSS116
DOT 4 fluid.

Use only new fluid from an airtight container
(old fluid from opened containers, or fluid
previously bled from the system must NOT be
used).

DO NOT OVERFILL!

WARNING

DO NOT drive the vehicle with the fluid level
below the ’MIN’ mark.

Brake fluid will damage painted surfaces;
soak up any spillage with an absorbent cloth
immediately and wash the area with a
mixture of car shampoo and water.

Take care not to spill fluid onto a hot engine

- a fire may result.
Brake fluid is highly toxic - keep containers

sealed and out of the reach of children. If
consumption of fluid is suspected, seek
medical attention immediately.

If brake fluid should come into contact with
the skin or eyes, rinse immediately with
plenty of water.

96

Engine compartment

POWER STEERING TOP-UP

ONLY check the fluid level with the engine
switched off and the system cold, and ensure
that the steering wheel is not turned after
stopping the engine.

Wipe the filler cap to prevent dirt from
entering the reservoir.

Remove the filler cap and, using a lint-free
cloth, wipe the dipstick clean. Refit the cap
fully and remove it again to check the fluid
level. Ensure the fluid level is between the
UPPER mark and the end of the dipstick. If
necessary, top up with a fluid meeting
Dexron II D or Dexron II E/III specification,
ensuring no dirt enters the reservoir.

DO NOT fill above the UPPER mark on the
dipstick.

Emergency operation

Any large or sudden drop in the fluid level
must be investigated by a qualified dealer.

If it can be established that fluid loss is slow,
then the reservoir may be topped up to the
upper level mark to enable the vehicle to be
driven to the nearest dealer for examination.

If the fluid level has dropped below the lower
level mark, top-up the reservoir before starting
the engine, or damage to the steering pump
could result.

WARNING

Power steering fluid is highly toxic - keep
containers sealed and out of the reach of
children. If consumption of power steering
fluid is suspected, seek medical attention
immediately.

If power steering fluid should come into
contact with the skin or eyes, rinse
immediately with plenty of water.

Do not spill power steering fluid onto a hot
engine - a fire may result.

Power steering fluid will damage painted
surfaces: Soak up any spillage with an
absorbent cloth immediately and wash the
area with a mixture of car shampoo and
water.

NOTE: The colour of the specified power

steering fluid may differ from that used to fill
the system during manufacture. This is not
cause for concern.

97