Rover DEFENDER 1999 Owner Manual

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CONTENTS

SECTION 1 Introduction .......................................................... 1

SECTION 2 Controls & instruments ........................................ 7

SECTION 3 Driving & operating ............................................. 43

SECTION 4 Owner maintenance ............................................. 73

SECTION 5 Workshop maintenance........................................ 109

SECTION 6 General data ......................................................... 125

SECTION 7 Parts & accessories............................................... 135

SECTION 8 Off-road driving.................................................... 139

Index ..................................................................... 153

In-car entertainment

As part ofthe Land Rover environmental policy, this publication is printed on paper made from elemental chlorine free pulp.

Publication No. LRL 0180ENG

 1998 Rover Group Limited

SECTION 1

Introduction

OWNER’S HANDBOOK

This handbook covers all current versions of the Land Rover Defender 90 and, together with the Service Portfolio, provides all the information you need to derive maximum pleasure from owning and driving your new vehicle.

For convenience, the handbook is divided into sections, each dealing with a particular aspect of driving or caring for the vehicle. Sections are listed on the contents page and you will find it worthwhile to take a little time to read each one, and get to know your Defender as soon as you possibly can. Remember, the more you understand before you drive, the greater the satisfaction once you are seated behind the steering wheel.

Land Rover operates a policy of constant product improvement and, therefore, reserves the right to change specifications without notice at any time. Whilst every effort is made to ensure complete accuracy of the information in this handbook, no liabilities for inaccuracies or the consequences thereof can be accepted by the manufacturer or the dealer, except in respect of personal injury caused by the negligence of the manufacturer or the dealer.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other means without prior written permission from Rover Group Limited.

Section Contents Page

Service Portfolio 3..........................................

Warning labels 3.............................................

Vehicle identification number 4.......................

Anti-theft precautions 4..................................

Breakdown safety code 5................................

Introduction

SERVICE PORTFOLIO

The Service Portfolio book included in your literature pack, contains important vehicle identification information, details of your entitlement under the terms of the Land Rover warranty, as well as useful consumer advice.

Most important of all, however, is the section on maintenance. This outlines the servicing requirements for your vehicle, as well as incorporating the service record slips, which the dealer should sign and stamp to certify that routine serviceshave been carried out at the recommended intervals.

WARNING

Safety warnings are included in this handbook. These indicate either a procedure which must be followed precisely, or information that should be considered with great care in order to avoid the possibility of personal injury or serious damage to the vehicle.

WARNING LABELS ATTACHED TO THE

VEHICLE

Warning labels attached to your vehicle bearing this symbol

mean: DO NOT touch or adjust components until you have read the relevant instructions in the handbook.

Warning labels showing this

symbol indicate that the ignition

system utilises very high voltages. DO NOT touch any ignition components while the starter switch is turned on!

WARNING

Your vehicle has a higher ground clearance and, therefore, a higher centre of gravity than ordinary passenger cars. This will result in different handling characteristics. Inexperienced drivers should take additional care, particularly in off-road driving situations and when performing abrupt manoeuvres on unstable surfaces.

Introduction

VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION NUMBER (VIN)

If you need to communicate with a Land Rover dealer, you may be asked to quote the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).

The VIN and recommended maximum vehicle weights (dependent on market) is stamped on a plate, located in the driver’sfootwell (this should also match the VIN recorded in the Service Porfolio book). The

In addition, as a deterrent to car thieves and to assist the police, the VIN is also stamped on a plate visible through the left side of the windscreen.

A. Type approval B. Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) C. Gross vehicle weight (where required) D. Gross train weight (where required) E. Maximum front axle load (where required) F. Maximum rear axle load (where required)

NOTE: In the interests of safety, it is essential

that the gross vehicle weight, gross train weight and axle loads are NOT exceeded. For further information see ’General data’.

ANTI-THEFT PRECAUTIONS

While it may be difficult to deter the ’professional’car thief, the majority of thefts are carried out by unskilled opportunists. Therefore, take vehicle security very seriously and ALWAYS adopt this simple ’five point’ drill whenever you leave your vehicle - even for just a few minutes:

• Fully close all the windows and the

sunroof (if fitted).

• Remove your valuable belongings (or hide

them out of sight).

• Remove the starter key.

• Engage the steering lock (by slightly

turning the wheel until it locks).

• Lock all the doors and arm the alarm.

Thieves are attracted to ’vulnerable’ vehicles. Even if you have followed the ’five point’ drill, there is still much you can do to make your vehicle a less inviting target.

BE SAFE NOT SORRY!

• Park where your vehicle can easily be seen

by householders and passers-by.

• At night, park in well lit areas and avoid

deserted or dimly lit side streets.

• At home, if you have a garage, use it - and

NEVER leave the keys in the vehicle.

• Do not keep important vehicle documents

(or spare keys) in the vehicle - these are a real bonus for the thief.

Introduction

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Remember the breakdown

safety code

If a breakdown occurs while travelling:-

• Wherever possible, consistent with

road safety and traffic conditions, the vehicle should be moved off the main thoroughfare, preferably into a lay-by. If a breakdown occurs on a motorway, pull well over to the inside of the hard shoulder.

• Switch on hazard lights.

• If possible, position a warning

triangle or a flashing amber light at an appropriate distance from the vehicle to warn other traffic of the breakdown (note the legal requirements of some areas in this respect).

• Consider evacuating passengers

through the nearside doors onto the verge as a precaution in case your Defender is struck by another vehicle.

SECTION 2

Controls & instruments

In this section of the handbook you will find descriptions of the controls and instruments on your vehicle.

For your own safety, it is most important to read this section fully and to gain a thorough understanding of all the controls before driving.

Section Contents Page

Controls 9.......................................................

Locks & alarm 11...........................................

Seats 20.........................................................

Seat belts 22...................................................

Instruments 26...............................................

Warning lights 27...........................................

Lights & indicators 30....................................

Wipers & washers 32.....................................

Switches 34....................................................

Windows 35...................................................

Sunroof 36.....................................................

Heating & ventilation 37.................................

Air conditioning 40.........................................

Interior equipment 41.....................................

Controls

Right hand steering

1. Ventilator control

2. Rear screen wash/wipe control

3. Radio/cassetteplayer

4. Ashtray

5. Cigar lighter

6. Ventilator control

7. Heater fan control

8. Lighting, direction indicator & horn switch

9. Instrument panel

10.Heatercontrols

11.Airconditioning controls (if fitted)

12.Headlightadjuster

13.Bonnetrelease lever

14.Handbrake

15.Transfergear lever

16.Maingear selector

17.Mainlighting switch

18.Brakepedal

19.Acceleratorpedal

20.Auxiliaryswitch panel

21.Windscreenwash/wipe control

Controls

Left hand steering

1. Ventilator control

2. Rear screen wash/wipe control

3. Ashtray

4. Radio/cassetteplayer

5. Cigar lighter

6. Ventilator control

7. Heater fan control

8. Instrument panel

9. Lighting, direction indicator & horn switch

10.Heatercontrols

11.Airconditioning controls (if fitted)

12.Headlightadjuster

13.Handbrake

14.Transfergear lever

15.Maingear selector

16.Bonnetrelease lever

17.Acceleratorpedal

18.Windscreenwash/wipe control

19.Brakepedal

20.Mainlighting control

21.Auxiliaryswitch panel

Locks & alarm

KEYS

You have been supplied with two sets of keys, comprising:

• a black key for operating the starter

switch.

• a plain metal key for operating the door

locks and fuel filler cap.

• a grey key for operating the cubby box

lock.

Front doors

From outside the vehicle the door locks can only be operated with the key. Turn the key towards the rear of the vehicle to lock and towards the front to unlock.

Door sill locking buttons

From inside the vehicle, each door can be individuallylocked, by depressing the appropriate sill locking button.

WARNING

DO NOT depress the sill buttons as a means of locking the doors from outside the vehicle (this practice - known as ’slam locking’ - is not recommended, because keys can be locked inside accidentally).

Key numbers

The starter key and glovebox key numbers are stamped on a tag attached to their respective key rings. The door lock key number is stamped on the key itself. All key numbers should be entered on the Security Information card.

WARNING

Keep the spare keys and key tags in a safe place - NOT IN THE VEHICLE!

Ensure the key numbers are recorded on the Security Card supplied with your literature pack - DO NOT KEEP THE CARD IN THE VEHICLE!

Taildoor

From outside, use the key to lock and unlock. From inside and with the door closed, push the locking button up to lock and down to unlock (as illustration).

Locks & alarm

ALARM SYSTEM

Your vehicle is fitted with a sophisticated anti-theft alarm and engine immobilisation system. In order to combine maximum vehicle security with minimum inconvenience, you are advised to gain a full understanding of the alarm system by thoroughly reading this section of the handbook.

Features of the alarm system

Perimeter protection: This part of the alarm system protects the doors, bonnet and taildoor against unauthorised entry - the alarm sounding if any one of these apertures is opened without the alarm first being disarmed.

Interior protection: Also known as volumetric protection, this part of the system protects the space inside the vehicle. If movement within the passenger compartment, or intrusions through the windows or sunroof are detected, the alarm will sound.

Engine immobilisation:The engine is immobilised electronically whenever the alarm system is armed. Even if the alarm has not been armed, engine immobilisation will occur automaticallythirty seconds after the driver’s door is opened, or five minutes after the starter switch is turned to position ’0’.

In practice, this means it is virtually impossible to leave your Defender unattended without the engine being immobilised.

ARMING THE ALARM

WARNING

If a passenger or animal is to be left inside the vehicle, or if a window or sunroof is to be left open, interior protection must be disabled. Refer to ’Interior protection’ before arming the alarm.

To arm the alarm, aim the handset at the Defender and press the right hand button (PADLOCK SYMBOL). Provided all the doors and other apertures are closed, the direction indicator lights will flash three times to confirm that the alarm is armed. All the security features described previously will be active.

Once armed, the alarm will sound if a door or the bonnet is opened, or if movement is detected inside the vehicle.

Locks & alarm

Disarming the alarm

Within range of the vehicle, briefly press the left (PLAIN) button on the handset; the direction indicator lights will flash once to indicate that the alarm has been disarmed and the engine re-mobilised.

NOTE: In some territories, the interior lights

will illuminate when the alarm is disarmed.

If the direction indicators fail to flash when the alarm is armed:

This indicates that a door or the bonnet is not fully closed, in which case the alarm will still be partially armed and the engine immobilised, but interior protection will not be active.

Once the open door or bonnet is closed, the direction indicators will flash three times and the alarm will fully arm as described previously.

If the alarm sounds:

The vehicle horn and alarm siren will sound continuously for 30 seconds and then switch off. The horn and siren can be triggered up to three times.

To silence the alarm, press either handset button. If the handset is inoperative, the alarm can only be disarmed by entering the emergency key access code (see ’Engine immobilisation override’).

Anti-theft alarm indicator light

A RED indicator light on the instrument panel indicates the status of the alarm system. When the alarm is armed successfully, the light FLASHES rapidly. After 10 seconds, the light adjusts to a slower frequency, and continues flashing as an anti-theft deterrent until the alarm is disarmed.

If the light fails to illuminate during the rapid flash phase, this indicates a ’mislock’ (door or bonnet not fully closed or key in starter switch). If this occurs, the indicator light will still flash at the slower frequency as an anti-theft deterrent.

If the light illuminates continuously, this indicates that the engine has immobilised passively(see ’Engine immobilisation’).

Locks & alarm

Interior protection

Interior protection is activated automatically when the alarm system is armed; twin sensors inside the vehicle monitor the interior space and will activate the alarm if an intrusion is detected.

However, if passengers or animals are to be left inside the vehicle, or if a window or sunroof is to be left open, the alarm must be armed with interior protection DISABLED as follows:

To disable interior protection:

1. Open the driver’s door.

2. With the driver’s door open, use the handset to arm the alarm in the normal way.

3. Close the driver’s door (the direction indicator lights flash three times and the anti-theft indicator light commences flashing rapidly). The alarm system is now armed with interior protection disabled.

WARNING

If the vehicle is to be left with windows or sunroof open, or with passengers or animals inside, the interior protection MUST BE DISABLED, as described above.

NOTE: Interior protection will not operate for

the first 15 seconds after the alarm is set.

ENGINE IMMOBILISATION

Engine immobilisationis an important aspect of the vehicle’s security system, and occurs automaticallywhenever the alarm system is armed.

The system also includes a feature known as ’passive immobilisation’, which is designed to safeguard the vehicle from theft should the driver forget to lock the doors or arm the alarm.

Passive immobilisation occurs automatically:

• thirty seconds after the starter switch has

been turned off AND the driver’s door opened.

• five minutes after the starter switch is

turned off or the alarm system is disarmed.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

The engine immobilisationsystem relies on the handset to re-mobilise the engine. Look after the handsets at all times, protecting them from loss, damage and battery discharge.

If the engine has immobilised passively, re-mobilisationwill occur when the starter switch is turned to position ’II’, provided the handset is on the same ring as the key and in close proximity to the switch.

• ALWAYS keep the handset on the

same ring as the key.

• NEVER attach both handsets to the

SAME key ring.

Any attempt to start the engine while it is immobilised will cause the engine immobilisation warning light (on the left of the warning light panel) to flash.

Locks & alarm

Engine immobilisation override

If the handset is lost or fails to operate, engine immobilisation can be overridden by using the starter key to enter the four digit emergency key access code (this code is recorded on the Security Information card). The procedure for entering the code is described below.

Before entering the code, note the following: If your handset is lost or inoperative, it is

impossible to disarm the alarm. As soon as the door is opened, the alarm will sound (continuously for up to three 30 second periods), and continue while the code is being entered. Remove the handset from the key ring and keep the handset well away from the starter switch when entering the code.

2. Turn the switch to position ’II’ the required number of times to enter the first digit of the code (if the first digit is 4, turn the key to position ’II’ and then back to ’0’ four times).

3. Open the driver’s door (to enter the first digit) and then close the door again.

4. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and back to ’0’ the required number of times to enter the SECOND digit of the code.

5. Open the driver’s door (to enter the second digit) and then close the door again.

6. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and back to ’0’ the required number of times to enter the THIRD digit of the code.

7. Open the driver’s door (to enter the third digit) and then close the door again.

8. Turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and back to ’0’ the required number of times to enter the FOURTH digit of the code.

9. Finally, OPEN and CLOSE the driver’s door. If the code has been entered correctly, the anti-theft indicator light will extinguish and the engine can be started.

1. With the driver’s door closed, insert the key into the starter switch, turn to position ’II’ and hold in this position for 5 seconds. Then switch off, and open and close the driver’s door.

Locks & alarm

If an incorrect code has been entered:

If the code is entered incorrectly,the anti-theft indicator light will continue to illuminate and the engine will fail to start. Before entering the code again, turn the starter switch to position ’II’ and hold in this position for 5 seconds.

After three failed attempts, the security system invokes a delay period of thirty minutes during which the system will not accept any further codes.

WARNING

• NEVER leave the Security Information

card in the vehicle.

• Memorise the emergency key access

code or keep the Security Information card on your person in case of emergencies.

Locks & alarm

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

• BEFORE replacing a handset battery,

disarm the alarm and unlock the doors.

• DO NOT remove an expired battery

until you are ready to install the replacement.

• The engine will immobilise five

minutes after the key is removed from the starter switch. If handset battery replacement is NOT completed within this period, the emergency key access code will have to be entered before the handset can be synchronised.

The handset battery should last for approximatelythree years dependent upon use. When the battery needs replacing it will be apparent from the following symptoms:

• The handset will only work every other

operation while disarming.

• The direction indicator lights will not flash

when the alarm is disarmed.

HANDSET BATTERY

Locks & alarm

Always fit a Land Rover STC4080 or a Panasonic CR2032 replacement battery (availablefrom a Land Rover dealer).

Replacing the battery

Adopt the following replacement procedure:

1) Unlock the vehicle and disarm the alarm system.

2) Turn the starter switch to position ’II’, then turn to position ’0’ and remove the key.

3) Carefully prise the handset apart, start from the keyring end using a coin or small screwdriver.Avoid damaging the seal between the two halves of the case and DO NOT allow dirt or moisture to get inside the handset.

4) Slide the battery out of its clip, taking care to avoid touching the circuit board or the contact surfaces of the clip.

5) Press and hold one of the buttons for at least five seconds (this will drain any residual power from the handset).

6) Fit the new battery, ensuring that correct polarity is maintained (positive (’+’) side facing up). Finger marks will adversely affect battery life; if possible, avoid touching the flat surfaces of the battery and wipe them clean before fitting.

7) Reassemble the two halves of the handset, then operate the PADLOCK symbol button at least four times within range of the vehicle to resynchronisethe handset.

The handset is now ready for use.

WARNING

The handset contains delicate electronic circuits and must be protected from impact and water damage, high temperatures and humidity, direct sunlight and the effects of solvents, waxes and abrasive cleaners.

Locks & alarm

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Battery disconnection

Your vehicle is equipped with a battery backed-up sounder, which operates as an anti-theft siren if the vehicle battery is disconnected. Before disconnecting the vehicle battery, it is ESSENTIAL to refer to ’Battery removal and replacement’ in Section 4, in order to prevent the alarm from sounding. If the vehicle battery is disconnected for any reason, the status of the security system prior to disconnection will be memorised and automatically reset when the battery is reconnected.

ALARM OR HANDSET DIFFICULTIES

Alarm goes off unexpectedly. (a) Ensure all windows and sunroof are closed.

(b) Disable interior space protection.

Alarm goes off when door opened. Disarm the alarm with the handset before

unlocking. If the handset has failed, enter the emergency key access code (refer to ’Engine

immobilisation override’).

Starter will not operate. Ensure handset is on same ring as starter key. If

it still will not operate, consult a Land Rover dealer.

Direction indicator lights don’t flash when alarm is armed.

A door or bonnet is partially open.

Seats

FRONT SEAT ADJUSTMENT

WARNING

To avoid the risk of loss of control and personal injury, never adjust the driver’s seat or seatback while the vehicle is in motion.

DO NOT allow occupants to travel with the seat backs reclined steeply rearwards. Optimum benefit is achieved from the seat belt, with the seat back angle set to 25 degrees from the vertical (upright) position.

Forward/backward movement

Lift the bar at the front of the seat base to slide the seat forward or back. Ensure the seat is locked in position before driving.

Backrest movement

Lift the lever and lean backwards or forwards to achieve the desired angle, then lower the lever to lock.

Rear seats

Your Defender is fitted with inward facing rear seats, which can be folded away when not in use.

To erect the seats, release the strap securing the seatbase, pull out the seat stand and fold down the seatbase, ensuring that the seat stand locates where the vehicle floor meets the wheel arch (see illustration).

WARNING

DO NOT adjust the seats or seat stands while the vehicle is in motion.

When the seat is erected, the seat stand should be visually checked and physically tested, to ensure that the seatbase is secure before driving.

DO NOT allow the rear seats to be used unless the seat stand is in the correct position.

Ensure that rear seat passengers wear seat belts at all times.

DO NOT carry passengers in the rear of the vehicle unless rear seats are fitted.

Seats

Seat belts

SEAT BELT SAFETY

Seat belts are life saving equipment.

In a collision, unrestrained passengers can be thrown around inside the vehicle, or possibly thrown out of the vehicle, resulting in injury to themselves and to other occupants. DO NOT take chances with safety!

• DO make sure ALL passengersare

securely strapped in at all times - even for the shortest journeys.

• ALWAYS adjust seat belts to eliminate any

slack in the webbing, and to ensure that the diagonal belt passes across the shoulder without slipping off or pressing on the neck.

• ALWAYS fit the lap strap as low on the

hips as possible (never across the abdomen).

• DO NOT slacken the webbing by pulling

the belt away from the body - to be fully effective, the seat belt must be in full contact with the body at all times.

• DO have seat belts checked if the vehicle

has been involved in an accident.

• DO NOT allow front seat occupants to

travel with the seat backs reclined steeply rearwards. Optimum benefit is obtained from the seat belt, with the seat back angle set to 25 degrees from the upright (vertical)position.

• DO use the seat belts to secure large items

of luggage that are to be carried on the seats - in the event of an accident, insecure items become flying missiles capable of causing serious injury.

• DO NOT fit more than one person into a

belt, or fit a seat belt that is twisted or obstructed in any way that could impede its smooth operation.

• DO NOT allow foreign matter (particularly

sugary food and drink particles)to enter the seat belt locks - such substances can render the locks inoperative.

• In most countries, all occupants are

required by law to wear a seat belt, unless they have been issued with a medical exemption certificate. During pregnancy, women should wear the lap belt across the hips below the baby, with the diagonal belt passing across the shoulder, between the breasts and to one side of the baby - if in doubt, consult a doctor.

WARNING

Ensure that all seat belts are worn correctly

- an improperly worn seat belt increases the risk of death or serious injury in the event of an accident.

Seat belts

WARNING

At all times, occupants should wear a seat belt for their protection in the event of a collision or sudden stop. In some circumstances, perhaps due to the vehicle being on a slope, the automatic locking mechanism may engage, preventing the initial extension of the belt. This is not a fault - ease the belt free and use it.

Lap belts

To adjust, pull the slider along the belt and feed the webbing through the buckle until the belt is comfortably tight. When not in use, the lap belts should be stowed behind the seat back.

Fastening the inertia reel belts

Draw the belt over the shoulder and across the chest, and insert the metal tongue plate into the lock nearest the wearer - a ’click’ indicates that the belt is securely locked.

Seat belts are designed to bear upon the bony structure of the body (pelvis, chest and shoulders) and can only be worn safely with the webbing crossing the shoulder MIDWAY BETWEEN THE NECK AND THE EDGE OF THE SHOULDER and with the seats in a normal UPRIGHT position - DO NOT allow the front passenger to travel with the seat steeply reclined.

Seat belts

Infant and child restraints

All infant and child restraintsystems are designed to be secured in forward facing vehicle seats by means of a lap belt or the lap portion of a lap/shoulder belt.

When installing and using any infant or child restraint system, always follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer concerning installation and use. Failure to properly secure the child restraint system in the vehicle can endanger the child in a collision or sudden stop and cause injury to other passengers.

Never leave a child unattended in your vehicle.

WARNING

Infants and children too small for seat belts should be restrained in a child safety seat or restraint system, appropriate to their age and/or size, and which is approved for use in your vehicle. Always ensure that the manufacturer’s fitting instructions are followed exactly.

• Do not fit child safety seats or restraint

systems to the inward facing rear seats.

• DO NOT allow a baby or infant to be

carried on the lap. The force of a crash can increase the effective body weight by as much as 30 times, making it impossible to hold on to the child.

• DO NOT use a child seat that ’hooks’

over a seatback, it is not secure.

Seat belts

Caring for seat belts

Regularly inspect the belt webbing for signs of wear, paying particular attention to the fixing points and adjusters. Always replace a seat belt that has withstood the strain of an impact or shows signs of fraying.

DO NOT bleach or dye the webbing. Clean the webbing using warm water and non-detergent soap only - allow to dry naturally and DO NOT retract the belt until completely dry.

Testing inertia reel belts

From time to time carry out the following tests:

1. With the seat belt fastened, give the

webbing near the buckle a quick upward pull. The buckle must remain securely locked.

2. With the seat belt unfastened, unreel the

webbing to the limit of its travel. Check that unreeling is free from snatches and snags.

3. With the webbing half unreeled, hold the

tongue plate and give it a quick forward pull. The safety mechanism must lock automaticallyand prevent any further unreeling.

Instruments

Left hand steering illustrated

1. Speedometer

Indicates road speed in miles and/or kilometres per hour.

2. Total distance and trip recorder

Indicates the total distance or the individual journey distance travelled by the vehicle press and release the reset button (3) to change between the two.

3. Total distance and trip recorder mode/reset button

Press and release the mode button to change the digital display between either the total distance the vehicle has travelled, or the individual journey distance. Press and hold the button to reset the trip odometer to zero.

4. Fuel gauge

The pointer indicates the fuel level when the starter switch is turned to position ’II’.

5. Temperature gauge

Once the engine coolant has reached its normal operating temperature, the pointer should remain between the ’C’ (cold) and ’H’ (hot)segments. If the pointer enters the ’H’ segment, stop the vehicle as soon as safety permits and seek qualified assistance before continuing.

6. Tachometer

Indicates engine speed in revolutions per minute (rev/min). In normal driving conditions, the engine speed should NEVER exceed 5500 rev/min.

7. Anti-theft alarm indicator light

Indicates the status of the alarm system (see

’Locks & alarm’).

8. Warning light pack

For a full explanation of the function of the warning lights, see ’Warning lights’.

Warning lights

The warning lights are colour coded as follows:

RED lights are warnings.

WARNING

DO NOT drive if a RED warning light remains on once the engine is running or illuminates whilst driving.

GREEN & BLUE lights indicate that a unit is operating.

AMBER lights show that a unit is operating and should be switched off (or rectified) as soon as conditions allow.

Low engine oil pressure - RED Illuminates as a bulb check when

the starter switch is turned to position ’II’ and extinguisheswhen the engine is running. If it remains on, or illuminates whilst driving, STOP THE VEHICLE as soon as safety permits and seek qualified assistance before continuing. Always check oil levels when this light illuminates.

Battery charging - RED Illuminates as a bulb check when

the starter switch is turned to position ’II’ and extinguisheswhen the engine is running. If it remains on, or illuminates whilst driving, a fault is indicated. Seek qualified assistance urgently.

Brake system check - RED

Illuminates as a bulb check when

the starter switch is turned to position ’II’ and extinguisheswhen the engine is running and the handbrake is released. If it remains on, or illuminateswhilst driving, a fault with the braking system is indicated. STOP THE VEHICLE as soon as safety permits and seek qualified assistance before continuing.

WARNING

DO NOT drive the vehicle while the brake warning light is illuminated.

NOTE: At very low ambient temperatures, the

light may take several seconds to extinguish.

Warning lights

Direction indicators - GREEN Flashes in conjunction with the

direction indicators. If the light does not illuminate, this may indicate a bulb failure in the warning light pack or in one of the direction indicator lights.

Headlight main beam - BLUE

Illuminates whenever the main

beam headlights are on.

Hazard warning lights - RED

Illuminates in conjunction with

the direction indicator warning lights, when the hazard warning lights are operated.

Differential lock - AMBER

Illuminates whenever the

differential lock is engaged. If the light remains on after the differential

lock is disengaged, transmission ’wind up’ may be present. Reversing for a short distance and then going forward will usually ’unwind’ the transmission. If the light remains on, contact your dealer as soon as possible.

Heated rear screen - AMBER

Illuminates when the rear screen

heater is operating.

Trailer direction indicators GREEN

Flashes in conjunction with the vehicle direction indicator lights to show that all trailer indicator lights are functioning correctly. In the event of a bulb failure on the trailer, the warning light flashes once and then remains off.

NOTE: When a trailer is not fitted, the

warning light will only flash once.

Sidelights - GREEN

Illuminates whenever the

sidelights are on.

Rear fog guard lights - AMBER

Illuminates whenever the rear fog

guard lights are on. REMEMBER: In clear conditions, rear fog

guard lights can dazzle other road users. Use ONLY when visibilityis severely restricted.

Handbrake - RED (if fitted)

In some markets, the light

illuminates when the starter switch is turned to position ’II’ and the handbrake is applied. The light should extinguish when the handbrake is fully released.If the light remains on or illuminates while driving, seek qualified assistance before continuing.

Warning lights

Seat belt warning - RED (if fitted)

In some markets, if the driver’s seat is occupied, the light illuminates when the starter switch is turned to position ’II’. The light extinguishes as soon as the driver’s seat belt is fastened. ALWAYS fasten your seat belt BEFORE driving!

Transmission oil temperature -

RED (if fitted)

Illuminates when gearbox oil temperature is too high (most likely to occur in very hot weather, during continuous high speed driving, when towing heavy loads on steep inclines, or if the handbrake has been applied when driving).

If the light illuminates, reduce speed. If the light remains on, stop the vehicle and do not drive until it has extinguished.

Lights & indicators

Direction indicators

Move the lever DOWN to indicate a LEFT turn, and UP to indicate a RIGHT turn (the GREEN warning light on the instrument panel will flash in time with the direction indicators). Hold the lever part-way up or down against spring pressure to indicate a lane change.

Main light switch

Lever position;

• Static - all lights off

• First position - parking, tail and instrument

panel lights on

• Second position - headlights on

Headlight high beam and ’flash’

With the headlights switched on, push the lever away from the steering wheel to activate high beam (BLUE warning light illuminates).

To flash the headlights, pull the lever part-way towards the steering wheel and then release.

Horn

Press end of the lever to operate the horn.

Lights & indicators

Right hand steering illustrated

Headlight levelling (if fitted) The height of the headlight beams is affected by the distribution of weight inside the vehicle. Always ensure your headlights are adjusted so that the point at which they meet the road surface ahead of the vehicle provides adequate illumination, without dazzling other road users.

The following load conditions should be used as a guide.

Position ’0’: Driver only, or driver and all front seats occupied (loadspace empty).

Position ’1’: All seats occupied (loadspace empty).

Position ’2’: All seats occupied by adults and loadspace loaded to maximum rear axle weight.

Position ’3’: Driver only with the loadspace loaded to maximum rear axle weight.

NOTE: The maximum rear axle weight can be

found in the ’General data’ section.

Vehicles fitted with front seats only:

Positions ’1’ and ’2’ should only be used when required, according to the distribution and weight of the load being carried.

Wipers & washers

WARNING

To prevent possible overload damage to the linkage or the wiper motors in either freezing or extremely hot conditions, care must be taken to ensure that the wiper blades are not adhering to the glass before operating the wipers.

NOTE: Ensure an approved screen washer

solvent is used in the windscreen washer reservoir,to prevent freezing.

WINDSCREEN WIPERS

• Single wipe

Push the lever up against spring pressure and release immediately.

NOTE: With the lever held up, the wipers will

continue operating at slow speed until it is released.

• Intermittent wipe

Pull lever down.

• Normal speed wipe

Push lever up to first position.

• Fast speed wipe

Push lever up to second position.

• Windscreen washer

Press to operate (the wipers will also operate).

Wipers & washers

Rear window wash/wipe

The rear window wash/wipe only operates with the starter switch turned to position ’II’.

• Press and hold to operate the washer.

• Rotate clockwise and hold to operate the

wiper for the required duration.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

• DO NOT operate the wipers on a dry

screen.

• In freezing or very hot conditions,

ensure that the blades are not frozen, or stuck to the glass.

• In winter, remove any snow or ice

from around the arms and blades, including the wiped area of the windscreen and the heater air intakes.

NOTE: If the wiper blades have stuck to

the glass, a thermal cut-out may temporarily prevent the wiper motor from operating. If this is the case, switch the wipers off, free them from the obstruction and then switch on again.

Switches

Right hand steering illustrated

Heated rear window (if fitted)

Press the lower portion of the switch to operate; press the

upper portion to switch off. The warning light in the instrument panel illuminates while the heating elements are switched on and extinguishes when they are turned off.

NOTE: If the electrical system is being

overloaded a cut-out switch will deactivate the rear window heater until such time that the alternator can maintain sufficient charge.

WARNING

DO NOT stick labels over the heating elements, and DO NOT scrape or use abrasive materials to clean the inside of the rear window.

Hazard warning lights

Press the lower portion of the switch to operate (switch

indicator illuminates); all the direction indicator lights (including those fitted to a trailer) will flash in conjunction with each other.

Use ONLY in an emergency to warn other road users when your stationary vehicle is causing an obstruction, or is in a hazardous situation. Switch off by pressing the upper portion before moving away.

Rear fog guard lights (if fitted)

Press to switch on and off, the

warning light in the instrument

panel illuminates when the fog lights are on. The rear fog guard lights operate only when the starter switch is at position ’II’ and when the headlights are switched on.

NOTE: The rear fog guard lights extinguish

automaticallywhen the ignition or the headlights are switched off and will need to be reselectedmanually.

WARNING

The rear fog guard lights can only legally be used when visibility is severely restricted other road users could be dazzled in clear conditions.

Windows

WINDOWS

Front windows:

Raise or lower the window by rotating the handle mounted on the door.

Sliding rear windows:

To open, press the catch tongues together, slide the window to the desired position and release the catch, ensuring that it locates securely in the sockets, locking the window in position.

Sunroof

SUNROOF (if fitted) The sunroof can be opened or, if required, can be removed completely.

To OPEN the roof:

Turn the hand wheel counter-clockwiseto give the desired opening.

NOTE: A partially open sunroof may vibrate

due to aerodynamic pressures. Adjust the sunroof aperture to reduce vibration.

To CLOSE the roof:

Turn the hand wheel clockwise until resistance is felt.

Remove the sunroof by tilting upwards and lifting rearwards to disengage the locating lugs.

WARNING

DO NOT store the sunroof loose in the vehicle.

DO NOT allow passengers to extend any part of their bodies through the sunroof while the vehicle is moving.

DO NOT remove the sunroof whilst the vehicle is moving.

To REMOVE the roof:

Open the sunroof fully and push the catch (1) rearwards to disengage the hand wheel mechanism.

Refit the sunroof by following the same procedure in reverse.

Heating & ventilation

Fresh air vents

To open the two vents in the windscreen frame, push the lever to the right and then downwards to the desired position and release.

The temperature of air supplied to the fresh air vents is not controlled by the heater.

Heating & ventilation

Left hand steering illustrated

HEATER CONTROLS

1. Fan speed control

With the control at ’0’, the fan is switched off and no air will enter the vehicle through the heater vents. With the control moved downwards to the first position, the volume of air entering the passenger compartment is solely dependent upon the ram effect of the vehicle moving through the air. The subsequent positions operate the fan at speeds ’1’ and ’2’ respectively.

2. Temperature control

Move the lever downwards (towards the RED segment) to increaseair temperature, or upwards (towards the BLUE segment) to reduce air temperature.

3. Air distribution control

• Lever fully up - windscreen vents only.

• Lever midway - foot level and windscreen

vents.

• Lever fully down - foot level vents (also

provides some air to the windscreen).

Heating & ventilation

USING YOUR HEATER

Ensure the front grille and the air intake grille on the front wing are kept clear of obstructions (especially snow and ice).

The following examples of basic heater settings are intended as a general guide; the air distribution, temperature and blower controls can then be further adjusted to suit your comfort requirements.

Always remember that full heating is not availableuntil the engine has reached its normal operating temperature.

Maximum heating

• Temperature control - fully down.

• Distribution control - midway.

• Fan speed control - fully down.

• Fresh air vents - fully closed.

Demisting and defrosting

• Temperature control - fully down.

• Distribution control - fully up.

• Fan speed control - fully down.

• Fresh air vents - fully open for demisting

(closed for defrosting).

• Opening a window may improve

ventilation.

Maximum ventilation

• Temperature control - fully up.

• Distribution control - fully down.

• Fan speed control - fully down.

• Fresh air vents - fully open.

Air conditioning

CONTROLS

1. On/off blower control

Turn clockwise to the first position to turn on the air conditioning. Rotate further to increase the flow of conditioned air from the four vents in the lower fascia.

NOTE: The air conditioning will not operate

without the engine running.

2. Temperature control

Rotate clockwise to obtain progressively cooler air.

USING THE AIR CONDITIONING (if fitted) If your vehicle has been fitted with an air conditioning system, you may find the following guidelines useful.

Air conditioning provides additional cooling to the vehicle interior and also reduces the moisture content of the air.

The air conditioning system will only operate with the engine running. It is also important to keep the windows closed during operation.

Operation of the air conditioning system, places an additional load on the engine which, in very hot conditions and if the engine is required to work unusually hard, could result in high engine temperatures. If the temperature gauge pointer reaches the RED zone, turn the air conditioning off until engine temperature returns to normal.

Points to remember:

• If the temperature inside the vehicle is

higher than that outside when you start the engine, it will take time for the air conditioning to become fully effective. It is best to ventilate the vehicle by opening the windows and operating the fan on the heater unit for a brief period before switching on the air conditioning. Remember to close the windows whenever the air conditioning is operating.

• Operating the air conditioning takes power

from the engine and consequently increasesfuel consumption.

• All air conditioning systems need to be

operated for a short while every week (even in winter) to maintain them in peak condition.

• The air conditioning system will also

dehumidify air. The surplus water produced by this process is expelled from the system via drain tubes beneath the vehicle. This may result in a small pool of water forming on the road when the vehicle is stationary and is not a cause for concern.

Interior equipment

INTERIOR LIGHT

With the switch midway between the ’ON’ and ’OFF’ positions, the light will illuminate whenever a door is opened and remain illuminated for approximately 15 seconds after ALL the doors are closed, or until the starter switch is turned on.

When alighting from the vehicle, the interior lights will fade and then extinguish as soon as the last door is closed.

NOTE: Any subsequent opening or shutting

of doors prior to the starter switch being turned on again, will cause the 15 second delay feature to operate.

CIGAR LIGHTER

With the starter switch turned to position ’II’, press the lighter in to heat up. When it has reached the correct temperature it will partially eject and can then be withdrawn for use.

• ONLY hold the cigar lighter by the handle.

• DO NOT use the ashtray for disposing of

waste paper or other combustible materials.

• DO NOT plug accessoriesinto the cigar

lighter socket unless they are approved for use in your vehicle by Land Rover.

NOTE: If a door remains open for eight

minutes, a ’time-out’ function will extinguish the lights to avoid discharging the battery.

ASHTRAY

Lift the lid of the ashtray to open. To remove, carefully prise the ashtray out of the fascia panel.

Interior equipment

IN-CAR TELEPHONES

Your vehicle utilises a number of electronic systems designed to provide you with maximum comfort, safety and economy. These systems may be affected by the use of mobile communication equipment inside the vehicle. However, the use of an external aerial will greatly reduce the likelihood of this occurence.

For your safety, always note the following precautions before fitting or using an in-car telephone, or any electrical equipment:

• ONLY use an installation kit incorporating

an aerial external to the vehicle.

• Ensure that the installation is carried out

by a competent installer.

CUBBY BOX

Turn the key clockwise to unlock the cubby box, then squeeze the catch to open. Turn the key anti-clockwiseto lock the box.

It is recommended that the cubby box is locked whenever the vehicle is left unattended.

NOTE: The two recesses to the side of the

gear selector are for cups or drink cans.

WARNING

Never operate a mobile phone fitted with its own aerial inside the vehicle - the electromagnetic field radiated by the phone may interfere with the vehicle’s electrical systems.

Using any hand-held appliance while driving can be dangerous. Always stop the vehicle before making a call and ensure the telephone is switched off while you are driving.

SECTION 3

Driving & operating

Section Contents Page

Starter switch & steering lock 45....................

Starting & driving 46......................................

Catalytic converter 51.....................................

Fuel 53............................................................

Gearbox & transmission 55............................

Brakes 62.......................................................

Towing & load carrying 64.............................

Emergency starting 67....................................

Vehicle recovery 69........................................

Ancillary equipment 71...................................

Starter switch & steering lock

To unlock the steering column

Insert the ignition key FULLY and turn the starter switch to position ’I’, while turning the steering wheel slightly to disengage the lock.

To lock the steering column

Turn the starter switch to position ’0’ and withdraw the key from the starter switch. Turn the steering wheel towards the straight ahead position until the lock engages.

STARTER SWITCH

The starter switch is located to the left of the steering column, and uses the following sequence of key positions to operate the steering lock, electrical circuits and starter motor.

Position ’0’

Steering locked (if key is removed). Ignition key locked in position unless the

gearshift is in ’P’. Most lighting circuits are operational,

including: sidelights, headlights and hazard warning lights.

Position ’I’

Steering unlocked. Radio/cassette/CDplayer can be operated.

Position ’II’

All instruments, warning lights and electrical circuits are operational.

Position ’III’

Starter motor operates. Release the key immediately the engine starts

(the key will automatically return to position ’II’).

Note that operation of position ’I’ electrical functions will be interrupted during engine cranking.

NOTE: The engine will not start unless ’P’ or

’N’ is selected in the main gearbox.

Starting & driving

STARTING

WARNING

Catalytic converters are easily damaged through improper use, particularly if the wrong fuel is used, or if an engine misfire occurs.

Before starting the engine and driving, ENSURE you are familiar with the precautions shown under ’Catalytic converter’, later in this section.

In particular, you should be aware that continued use of the starter, will result in unburnt fuel damaging the catalytic converter.

1. Check that the handbrake is applied and

that the main gearshift is in ’P’ or ’N’.

2. Check that the transfer lever is in either the

’H’ or ’L’ position.

3. Switch off all unnecessaryelectrical

equipment.

4. Insert the starter key and turn the switch

to position ’II’ and then on to position ’III’ to operate the starter motor. DO NOT press the accelerator pedal during starting and RELEASE THE KEY as soon as the engine is running.

In temperate climates, DO NOT operate the starter for longer than 10 seconds. If the engine fails to start, switch off and wait 10 seconds before re-using the starter. Please note that prolonged use of the starter will not only discharge the battery, but may also damage the starter motor.

In temperate climates, the battery charging and oil pressure warning lights should extinguish as soon as the engine is running.

Cold climates

In very cold climates, the battery charging and oil pressure warning lights may take several seconds to extinguish. Similarly, engine cranking times will also increase; at -30° C (-22° F) the starter motor may need to be operated continuously for as long as 30 seconds before the engine will start. For this reason, ensure that all non-essential electrical equipment is switched off.

Additionally, in very cold climates, use of a cylinder block heater will improve the engine’s starting characteristics. Your Land Rover dealer can advise you about the supply and use of a cylinder block heater.

Moving off

Apply both the handbrake and the foot brake while selecting the required drive position and keep both brakes applied until you are ready to move off.

Warming up

In the interests of fuel economy, it is advisable to start driving straight away, remembering that harsh accelerationor labouring the engine before the normal operating temperature has been reached can damage the engine.

NOTE: If the engine fails to start, the starter

key must be returned to position ’I’ before another attempt is made.

Starting & driving

WARNING

Exhaust fumes contain poisonous substances which can cause unconsciousness and may even be fatal.

• DO NOT inhale exhaust gases.

• DO NOT start or leave the engine running

in an enclosed unventilated area, or drive with the rear door open.

• DO NOT modify the exhaust system from

the original design.

• DO repair exhaust system or body leaks

immediately.

• If you think exhaust fumes are entering

the vehicle, have the cause determined and corrected immediately.

Parking

After bringing the vehicle to a stop, ALWAYS apply the handbrake and select ’P’ in the main gearbox and either High or Low in the transfer gearbox, before releasing the foot brake and switching off the engine.

Switching off

Return the starter switch to position ’I’ and then to position ’0’ to remove the key.

Starting & driving

RUNNING-IN

Proper running-in will have a direct bearing on the reliabilityand smooth running of your vehicle throughout its life.

In particular, the engine, gearbox, brakes and tyres need time to bed-in and adjust to the demands of everyday motoring. It is therefore essential to drive with consideration for the running-in process for at least the first 500 miles (800 km) and observe the following advice:

• LIMIT maximum speed to 60 mph (95

km/h). Initially, drive the vehicle on a light throttle and only increase engine speeds once the running-in distance has been completed.

• DO NOT operate at full throttle or allow the

engine to labour in any gear.

• AVOID fast accelerationand heavy braking

except in emergencies.

EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM

Land Rover vehicles are fitted with emission and evaporative control equipment necessary to meet a number of territorial requirements.

In many countries, it is against the law for vehicle owners to modify or tamper with emission control equipment, or to sanction the unauthorised replacement or modification of this equipment by a repair shop.

Starting & driving

FUEL ECONOMY

Fuel consumption is influenced by two major factors:

• How your vehicle is maintained.

• How you drive your vehicle.

To obtain optimum fuel economy, it is essential that your vehicle is maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s service schedule.

Items such as the condition of the air cleaner element, tyre pressures and wheel alignment can have a significant effect on fuel consumption. But above all, the way in which you drive is most important. The following hints may help you to obtain even better value from your motoring:

• Avoid unnecessary,short, start-stop

journeys.

• Avoid fast starts by accelerating gently and

smoothly from rest.

• Do not drive in the lower gears longer than

necessary.

• Decelerategently and avoid sudden and

heavy braking.

• Anticipate obstructions and adjust your

speed accordinglywell in advance.

DRIVE GENTLY - SAVE FUEL!

IMPORTANT DRIVING INFORMATION

Instruments & warning lights

Before driving, it is important to fully understand the function of the instruments and warning lights described in section 2.

NOTE: Red warning lights are of particular

importance, illumination indicates that a fault exists. If a red light illuminates,always stop the vehicle and seek qualified assistance before continuing.

Vehicle stability

Your vehicle has a higher ground clearance and, therefore, a higher centre of gravity than ordinary passenger cars. This will result in different handling characteristics. Inexperienceddrivers should take additional care, particularly in off-road driving situations and when performing abrupt manoeuvres at inappropriate speeds or on unstable surfaces.

WARNING

Modifications to the suspension or steering systems could seriously affect the handling characteristics of the vehicle and are NOT recommended.

Starting & driving

Vehicle height

The overall height of your vehicle exceeds that of ordinary passenger cars. Always be aware of the height of your vehicle and check the availableheadroom, before driving through low entrances. This is particularly important if a vehicle is fitted with a roof rack, or if the sunroof (if fitted) is open.

Auxiliary equipment

WARNING

DO NOT use auxiliary equipment such as roller generators, that are driven by one wheel of the vehicle, as they could cause failure of the gearbox differential. If the gearbox differential lock is engaged in an attempt to avoid damage, the vehicle will drive itself forward.

Power assisted steering

Power assistanceis progressively applied, the more the steering wheel is turned. For example; where manual steering effort would normally be greatest (at slow speeds on maximum lock), power assistance is greatest. Similarly, where only minimal steering effort would normally be required (at high speed with the wheels straight ahead), then power assistanceis also minimal, thus enabling the driver to benefit from apparently consistent steering effort at all times.

WARNING

Under no circumstances must the steering wheel be held on full lock for more than thirty seconds in one minute, otherwise the steering assembly may be damaged.

NOTE: Power assistance is dependent on the

engine running. If the engine is not running, greater effort will be required to steer the vehicle.

Catalytic converter

CATALYTIC CONVERTER

The exhaust system incorporates a catalytic converter, which converts emissions from the engine, into environmentallyless harmful gases - thereby reducing atmospheric pollution.

WARNING

The catalytic converter can be easily damaged through improper use, particularly if the wrong fuel is used, or if an engine misfire occurs. For this reason, it is VERY IMPORTANT that you heed the precautions which follow:

Catalytic converter

Fuel

• Use ONLY fuel recommended for your

vehicle.

Starting the engine

• DO NOT continue operating the starter if

the engine fails to start after a few attempts (unburnt fuel may be drawn into the exhaust system, thereby poisoning the catalyst) - seek qualified assistance.

• When starting a COLD engine, DO NOT

drive if a misfire is suspected - seek qualified assistance.

Driving

• Provided the engine has reached its

normal operating temperature, if a misfire is suspected or the vehicle lacks power while driving, it may be driven SLOWLY (at risk of catalyst damage) to a Land Rover dealer for assistance.

• NEVER allow the vehicle to run out of fuel

(the resultant misfire could destroy the catalyst).

• Engines burning excessive oil (blue smoke

from the exhaust) will progressively reduce catalyst efficiency.

• On rough terrain, DO NOT allow the

underside of the vehicle to be subjected to heavy impacts which could damage the catalytic converter.

• DO NOT overload or excessively rev the

engine.

WARNING

Exhaust system temperatures can be extremely high - DO NOT park on ground where combustible materials, such as dry grass or leaves, could come into contact with the exhaust system (in dry weather a fire could result).

Switching off

• DO NOT switch off the engine while a

forward or reverse gear is selected or whilst the vehicle is in motion.

Vehicle maintenance

• Any engine misfire, loss of engine

performance or engine run-on, could seriously damage the catalytic converter. For this reason, it is vital that unqualified persons do not tamper with the engine, and that regular systematic maintenance is carried out by a Land Rover dealer.

• DO NOT run the engine with a spark plug

or H.T. lead removed, or use any device that requires an insert into a spark plug.

Fuel

USE ONLY UNLEADED FUEL

Octane requirements

ALways use UNLEADED PETROL with a rating of 95 RON minimum to EN228 specification.

Using unleaded fuel with an octane rating lower than that recommended, can cause persistent, heavy ’engine knock’ (a metallic rapping sound). If severe, this can lead to engine damage.

If heavy engine knock is detected when using the recommended octane rated fuel, or if a steady engine knocking is present while maintaining a steady speed on level roads, contact your dealer for advice as soon as possible. Failure to take measures to eliminate either condition, constitutes misuse of the vehicle!

NOTE: An occasional light engine knock,

experiencedONLY for short periods while acceleratingor climbing hills, is acceptable.

WARNING

DO NOT use leaded fuel! Your engine is designed to use unleaded fuel ONLY. Unleaded fuel is essential for proper operation of the emission control system. It also reduces spark plug fouling, exhaust system corrosion and engine oil deterioration.

Even a very small quantity of leaded fuel, will damage your vehicle’s emission control system and will damage the oxygen sensors in the fuel injection system and also seriously damage the catalyst in the catalytic converter.

Fuel

Fuel filling

Unlock the fuel filler cap using the small metal key marked ’FUEL’.

WARNING

To avoid any sudden discharge of fuel caused by excessive air pressure, the cap is designed to allow the fuel tank to vent during the first half turn. DO NOT fully remove the cap until pressure has been released.

Unless absolutely necessary, the fuel filler cap should not be removed unless the vehicle is standing on level ground.

DO NOT OVERFILL!

Most filling station pumps are equipped with automatic cut-off sensing to avoid fuel spillage - only fill the tank until the filler nozzle automaticallyshuts off. DO NOT attempt to fill the tank beyond this point, or spillage could result due to expansion of the fuel.

Empty fuel tank

DO NOT RUN THE FUEL TANK DRY!

Running the fuel tank dry could create an engine misfire capable of damaging the catalytic converter.

SAFETY ON THE FORECOURT

Petroleum gases are highly inflammable and in confined spaces are also explosive. Always take sensible precautions when refuelling:

• Switch off the engine.

• DO NOT smoke or use a naked flame

or light.

• Take care not to spill fuel.

• DO NOT overfill the tank.

WARNING

DO NOT fully fill the tank if the vehicle is to be parked on a slope, in direct sunlight or high ambient temperature - expansion of the fuel could cause spillage.

Gearbox & transmission

Left hand steering illustrated

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION

The automatic transmission features a four speed main gearbox with a torque converter and a two speed transfer box. A centre differential in the transfer box distributes power to both front and rear axles, providing permanent four wheel drive. Using the main gearbox in conjunction with the transfer gearing, produces eight forward and two reverse speeds.

Main selector lever

A spring loaded catch, built into the handle of the gear selector lever, restricts movement of the lever, thereby preventing inadvertent gear selection. Press and hold the button (arrowed in illustration) to release the catch whilst moving the lever to the required position.

NOTE: Gear selection between ’D’ and ’3’ may

be made without holding in the button.

Gearbox & transmission

Automatic selector lever positions

’P’ (Park)

In this position the transmission is locked to prevent the vehicle from rolling away. Select ONLY with the vehicle stationary and the handbrake on.

’R’ (Reverse)

Select ONLY when the vehicle is stationary.

’N’ (Neutral)

Use this position when the vehicle is stationary and the engine is to idle for a prolonged period (eg. at traffic lights).

’D’ (Drive)

Select drive for all your normal driving on good road surfaces; fully automatic gear changing occurs on all forward gears according to vehicle speed and accelerator position.

’3’ (1st, 2nd and 3rd gears)

Automatic gear changing is limited to first, second and third gears only. Use in congested traffic conditions and for town driving.

’2’ (1st and 2nd gears)

Automatic gear changing is limited to first and second ratios only. Use when driving up steep gradients and for negotiating very narrow twisting roads. This position also provides moderate engine braking for descending steep slopes.

NOTE: If either ’2’ or ’1’ is selected from ’D’

or ’3’ when the vehicle is travelling at high speed, third gear will immediately engage. Progressivedeceleration will then cause downshifts into second then first gear at the appropriate road speeds.

’1’ (1st gear only)

Use on very severe gradients, particularly when towing, and when maximum engine braking is required.

WARNING

When parked, always leave the vehicle with the gear selector in ’P’ and the handbrake applied.

Gearbox & transmission

Starting and driving

NOTE: The engine will not start unless ’P’ or

’N’ is selected in the main gearbox.

Drivers unfamiliar with the performance characteristicsof automatic transmission should thoroughly familiarise themselves with the following instructions before driving.

• Before starting the engine, ensure that

both foot and handbrake are applied.

• After starting the engine, KEEP BOTH

BRAKES APPLIED before and whilst moving the selector lever to the required drive position.

• Keep the brakes applied until you are

ready to move - remember, once a drive gear is selected, an ’automatic’ will tend to creep forward (or backward).

• Never ’rev’ the engine while selecting a

forward or reverse drive gear, or while the vehicle is stationary with a drive gear selected - remember, an ’automatic’ will move immediately when the accelerator pedal is pressed.

Gear change speeds

With ’D’ selected, the road speed at which gear changes take place will vary according to the position of the accelerator. Minimum accelerationwill result in low road speed gear changes, while larger throttle openings will cause the main gearbox to delay gear changes until faster road speeds have been reached (thereby increasing acceleration).

With practice, gear changes can be made to occur at a wide range of different road speeds, depending on acceleratorpedal pressure.

On long inclines, an automatic gearbox will sometimes change back and forth between gears. This occurs because the transmission does not include a ratio that is preciselyright for the particular incline and vehicle loading circumstances.Excessive gear changing is wasteful of fuel and results in a loss of momentum. It can be prevented by selecting the ’3’ or ’2’ positions which limit the gearbox to lower ratios.

’Kick-down’

To provide rapid acceleration for overtaking, ’kick’ the accelerator pedal to the full extent of its travel in a single, quick movement (known as ’kick-down’).Up to a certain speed, this will cause an immediate downshift into the lowest appropriate gear, followed by rapid acceleration.Once the pedal is relaxed, normal gear change speeds will resume (dependent on road speed and acceleratorpedal position).

Gearbox & transmission

TRANSFER GEARBOX

The two speed transfer gearbox, is used to select either the high or low range of gears and, in addition, also controls the centre differential (known as the ’DIFF LOCK’).

WARNING

DO NOT attempt to change to LOW range gears for normal road driving.

Neutral (’N’)

With the transfer lever in neutral, drive cannot be transmitted to the road wheels, regardless of the position of the main gear lever. Use transfer neutral when the vehicle has to be towed on four wheels, or when using winching facilities.

High range (’H’)

Use high range for all normal road driving and also for off-road driving across dry, level terrain.

Low range (’L’)

Use low range gears when moving off from rest when towing a heavy load, or in any situation where low speed manoeuvring is necessary,such as reversing a trailer or negotiating a boulder strewn river bed; also use low range for more extreme off-road conditions, where progress in high range cannot be maintained.

’Diff lock’ centre differential

Use the ’unlocked’ position for all normal driving, and use the ’DIFF-LOCK’position to improve traction in extreme conditions where wheel grip could be lost, such as: wet grass, mud, sand, ice or snow. Return to the ’unlocked’ position as soon as dry, firm, ground is reached.

DO NOT use the ’diff lock’ unnecessarily!

Gearbox & transmission

USING THE TRANSFER GEARBOX

There are two ways of operating the transfer gearbox lever; the ’normal’ method recommended for inexperienced drivers - and the ’advanced’ method for experienced drivers.

Normal method

With the vehicle stationary and the engine running, apply both foot brake and handbrake and then move the main gear selector to the ’N’ (neutral) position before moving the transfer lever fully forward or backwards to the required position.

If there is resistanceto the gear engaging, do not force the lever. Instead, with the engine running, apply the foot brake and handbrake, momentarily engage ’D’ on the main gearbox then return it to the ’N’ position and try again.

Advanced method

Changing from ’H’ (high) to ’L’ (low) or vice versa without stopping the vehicle can be achieved as follows:

Reduce (or increase) the speed of the vehicle to 5 mph (8 km/h) and release the accelerator. Select ’N’ with the main gear selector and move the transfer lever quickly to the required ’H’ or ’L’ position. Finaly, reselect ’D’ with the main gear selector and continue driving as normal.

NOTE: This operation applies to ’H’ to ’L’ and

’L’ to ’H’ changes equally.

Gearbox & transmission

Selecting diff lock

The diff lock can be engaged, or disengaged, either with the vehicle stationary, or when driving at any road speed. However, with the vehicle in motion, it is ESSENTIAL to be travelling on firm ground, in a straight line, and without wheel slip.

THE DIFFERENTIAL LOCK

Unlike some four wheel drive vehicles, all Land Rover vehicles have permanent four wheel drive. This is achieved by the inclusion of a lockable differential between the front and rear drive shafts. With the differential locked, the drive shafts to front and rear axles are (in effect) joined together, causing both to rotate at the same speed. This is a normal feature with all four wheel drive vehicles and enhances traction on difficult off-road surfaces. However, with the differential unlocked the different running requirements of the two axles can be accommodated, thereby enabling Land Rover vehicles to operate permanently in four wheel drive for both normal AND off-road use.

’Diff lock’ centre differential

DO NOT use the ’diff lock’ unnecessarily!

WARNING

DO NOT engage the diff lock if one or more wheels are slipping - this could damage the transmission. If wheels are slipping, ease off the accelerator before engaging the diff lock.

DO NOT engage the diff lock from the transfer neutral position.

To lock the differential:

Move the transfer gear lever to the left - from either ’H’ (high) or ’L’ (low) position (the warning light on the instrument panel will illuminate).

To unlock the differential:

Move the transfer gear lever to the right - to either ’H’ (high) or ’L’ (low) position as required; when the diff lock disengages the warning light will extinguish.

Gearbox & transmission

When to use the diff lock

As a general rule, the differential should only be locked in order to drive off-road on loose and slippery surfaces, or on-road where extreme ice or snow conditions are encountered.

ALWAYS unlock the differential for normal road driving, or as soon as a hard grippy surface is reached, whether high or low gears are selected.

NOTE: A valuable introduction to off-road

driving, which includes many useful referencesto the transfer gearbox and ’diff lock’, is included in the ’Off-road driving’ section of the handbook.

WARNING

If the vehicle is driven on normal road surfaces with the differential locked, the steering will feel stiff, excessive tyre wear will occur and the transmission will be ’wound up’. This places excessive strain on the transmission.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Transmission ’wind up’

If the warning light is obviously reluctant to extinguish after the diff lock has been deselected, some transmission ’wind up’ may be present.

Reversing the vehicle for a short distance and then going forward will usually ’unwind’ the transmission and extinguish the light and the vehicle can then be driven as normal. However, if after two or three attempts to ’unwind’ the transmission the light remains on, consult your dealer AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

Diff lock warning light

The amber warning light on the

instrument panel illuminates when the diff lock is actually engaged - rather than when it has been selected. Similarly it will only extinguish when the diff lock is actually disengaged. This accounts for a slight delay between diff lock deselection and the warning light extinguishing which is quite normal.

Brakes

BRAKING SYSTEM

As a safety precaution, the hydraulic braking system operates through dual circuits. If one circuit fails, the other will continue to function, but increased brake pedal travel and longer stopping distances will be experienced.

Servo assistance

The braking system is servo assisted, but ONLY when the engine is running. Without this assistance,greater braking effort is necessaryto safely control the vehicle, resulting in longer stopping distances. Always observe the following precautions:

• NEVER allow the vehicle to coast with the

engine turned off.

• ALWAYS take particularcare when being

towed with the engine turned off.

• If the engine should stop for any reason

while the vehicle is in motion, bring the vehicle to a halt as quickly as traffic conditions safely allow, and DO NOT pump the brake pedal as the braking system may lose any remaining assistance available.

Brake pads

Brake pads require a period of bedding in. You should avoid heavy braking, except in emergencies,for at least the first 500 miles (800 km).

Remember that regular servicing is vital to ensure that the brake pads are examined for wear and changed periodically to ensure long term safety and optimum performance.

WARNING

DO NOT rest your foot on the brake pedal while travelling, as this may overheat the brakes, reduce their efficiency and cause excessive wear.

NEVER move a vehicle without the engine running, because braking assistance will not be available. The pedal brakes will still function, but more pressure will be required.

NEVER place additional floor matting, or any other obstruction, under the brake pedal. This restricts pedal travel and braking efficiency.

ALWAYS take particular care when being towed with the engine turned off.

If the brake warning light should illuminate while the vehicle is in motion, bring the vehicle to a halt as quickly as traffic conditions and safety permit and seek qualified assistance before continuing - DO NOT pump the brake pedal. If the brake pedal is pumped, the braking system may lose any remaining assistance available.

Wet conditions

Driving through water, or even very heavy rain, may adversely affect braking efficiency. Always dry the braking surfaces by intermittent light application of the brakes, first ensuring that you are at a safe distance from other road users.

Brakes

HANDBRAKE

Unlike most other vehicles, the handbrake operates on the rear propeller shaft, and NOT on the road wheels. This may result in slight movement of the vehicle after the handbrake is applied.

To engage the handbrake, depress the button and pull the lever up.

To release, pull the lever up slightly, depress the button and lower the lever.

Always apply the handbrake fully whenever you park.

When parking on steep slopes, move the transfer lever into low range or engage the diff lock, for extra security.

WARNING

DO NOT apply the handbrake while the vehicle is in motion, as this could result in loss of vehicle control and damage to the transmission.

DO NOT rely on the handbrake to operate effectively, if the vehicle has been subjected to immersion in mud and water (see ’Off-road driving’).

ALWAYS use the wheel chock when jacking the vehicle. Even with the handbrake applied, vehicle movement is likely due to tolerances in the transmission.

Towing & load carrying

TOWING

The torque ranges of Land Rover engines allow maximum-weight loads to be pulled smoothly from standstill and reduce gear changing on hills or rough terrain.

WARNING

Only fit towing accessories that have been designed and approved by Land Rover.

Ensure that the gross weight and maximum axle weights are not exceeded.

When preparing your vehicle for towing, always pay careful attention to the trailer manufacturer’srecommendations and the following guidelines.

• Ensure that the towing vehicle tyre

pressures are correct and that the trailer tyre pressures are as recommended by the trailer manufacturer.

• With the trailer and vehicle unladen,

balance the combination so that the trailer draw bar and the hitch point on the vehicle are at the same height. Adjust the height of the hitch point if necessary.

• Check the operation of trailer brakes and

lights.

• For maximum stability, ensure that loads

are properly secured and unable to shift position during transit. Also, position loads so that most of the weight is placed close to the floor and, where possible, immediately above or close to the trailer axle(s).

• After loading the trailer, check that the

weight on the hitch ball (this is called the nose weight), is in accordancewith the manufacturer’srecommendations.

• When calculating the laden weight of the

trailer, remember to include the weight of the trailer PLUS THE LOAD.

• Where the load weight can be divided

between trailer and tow vehicle, loading more weight into the vehicle will generally improve the stability of the combination.

• A smooth start will be achieved with

trailers over 3307 lb (1500 kg), by moving off in LOW range, then changing to HIGH range while on the move (see ’Transfer gearbox’).

Towing & load carrying

NOTE: It is very important to ensure that national regulations governing towing weights and

speed limits are observed (refer to an appropriate motoring organisation for information). The following maximum permissible towed weights refer to the vehicle’s design limitations and NOT to any specific territorial restriction.

Maximum permissible towed weights On-road Off-road

Unbraked trailers 1653 lb (750 kg)............................................ 1102 lb (500 kg)................

Trailers with brakes 7716 lb (3500 kg)....................................... 2204 lb (1000 kg)..............

NOSE WEIGHT

The maximum trailer nose weight is 330 lb (150 kg). The nose weight, plus the combined weight of the vehicle’s load carrying area and passengers, must never exceed the maximum rear axle load or the gross vehicle weight (as shown in ’General data’).

WARNING

DO NOT carry unsecured equipment, tools or luggage which could move and cause personal injury in the event of an accident or emergency manoeuvre, either on or off road.

VEHICLE WEIGHTS

When loading a vehicle to its maximum (gross vehicle weight), consideration must be taken of the unladen vehicle weight and the distribution of the load, to ensure that axle loadings do not exceed the permitted maximum values.

It is your responsibilityto limit the vehicle load in such a way, that neither the maximum axle loads, nor the gross vehicle weight are exceeded (see ’General data’).

WARNING

The nose weight, plus the combined weight of the vehicle’s load carrying area and passengers (if applicable), must never exceed the maximum rear axle load or gross vehicle weight.

Towing & load carrying

Trailer socket

When the engine is running, power consumption from the trailer socket must NOT exceed 5 amps.

WARNING

ALWAYS consult your dealer for advice regarding the approval, suitability, installation and use of any parts or accessories before fitting.

ROOF RACK

ALWAYS use an approved roof rack and follow the manufacturer’sfitting instructions carefully. A full list of all available accessories is availablefrom your Land Rover dealer.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

• The MAXIMUM roof rack load is

165 lb (75 kg).

• A loaded roof rack can reduce the

stability of the vehicle, particularly when cornering and encountering cross winds.

• All loads should be evenly

distributed and secured within the periphery of the rack.

• Always secure the load to the side

rails, not just to the cross rails.

• Only fit roof racks that have been

designed for your vehicle. If in doubt, consult your dealer.

WARNING

The roof rack load, plus the combined weight of the vehicle’s load carrying area and passengers, must never exceed the maximum rear axle load or the gross vehicle weight.

Emergency starting

Starting an engine with a discharged battery

The ONLY recommended methods of restarting a vehicle with a discharged battery are:

• The use of a substitute battery fitted to the

disabled vehicle.

• The use of booster cables to connect the

battery from a donor vehicle to the discharged battery.

USING BOOSTER CABLES

WARNING

Batteries emit explosive hydrogen gas keep sparks and open flame away from the battery compartment.

DO NOT attempt to jump start the vehicle if the electrolyte in the battery is suspected of being frozen.

DO NOT disconnect the discharged battery. Make sure BOTH batteries are of the same

voltage (12 volts), and that the booster cables have insulated clamps and are approved for use with 12 volt batteries.

DO NOT connect positive (+) terminals to negative (-) terminals, and ensure booster cables are kept away from any moving parts in the engine compartment.

Take care when working near rotating parts of the engine.

Always adopt the following procedure when using booster cables:

1. If a donor vehicle is to be used, both

vehicles should be parked with their battery locations adjacent to each other. Ensure that the two vehicles do not touch.

2. Apply the handbrakes and ensure that the transmission of both vehicles is set in ’P’ (neutral for donor vehicles fitted with manual transmission).

3. Turn off the starter switch and ALL electricalequipment of BOTH vehicles.

4. Connect the RED booster cable between the positive (+) terminal of the donor battery and the positive (+) terminal of the discharged battery.

5. Connect the BLACK booster cable from the negative (-) terminal of the donor battery to a good earthing point on the disabled vehicle (eg. an engine mounting or other unpainted metal surface) - at least 20 in (0.5 m) from the battery and well away from fuel and brake lines. For safety

reasons, DO NOT connect this cable to the negative terminal of the discharged battery.

6. Check that the booster cables are clear of

any moving parts in either engine, then start the engine of the donor vehicle and allow it to idle for a few minutes.

7. Now start the vehicle with the discharged battery (DO NOT crank the engine for more than 15 seconds at a time).

Emergency starting

8. Once both engines are running normally, allow them to idle for two minutes before switching off the engine of the donor vehicle and disconnecting the booster cables. DO NOT switch on any electrical circuits on the previously disabled vehicle, until AFTER the booster cables have been removed.

9. Disconnecting the booster cables must be an EXACT reversal of the connecting procedure, ie; disconnect the BLACK

cable from the earthing point on the disabled vehicle FIRST.

Vehicle recovery

VEHICLE RECOVERY

If it is necessary to recover the vehicle by towing, always adhere to the following procedure:

Towing the vehicle (on four-wheels)

1. Turn the starter switch to the first position

to unlock the steering and leave in this position while the vehicle is being towed.

2. Set the main gearbox and transfer box in neutral.

3. Ensure the differentiallock is in the unlocked position.

4. Secure the towing attachment to the vehicle.

5. Release the handbrake.

NOTE: If, due to an accident or electrical

fault, it is not considered safe to turn the starter switch, the battery must be disconnected.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

DO NOT attempt to tow the vehicle unless the starter switch is turned to position ’I’ (to unlock the steering).

• DO NOT attempt to remove the

starter key, or turn the switch to position ’0’, while the vehicle is in motion.

• Without the engine running, the

brake servo and power steering pump cannot provide assistance. Greater brake pedal and steering effort, are therefore necessary to safely control the vehicle.

• DO NOT tow the vehicle on four

wheels over long distances.

Vehicle recovery

Suspended tow

WARNING

Your vehicle has permanent four wheel drive - the propeller shaft MUST be removed from the axle to be trailed.

If the front axle is to be trailed, ALWAYS adhere to the following precautions:

• Ensure the four bolts securing the front

propeller shaft to the gearbox, are tightly secured with the appropriate nuts after disconnecting the propeller shaft otherwise serious damage to the gearbox may occur.

• Unlock the steering.

• Secure the steering wheel and/or linkage,

in the straight ahead position - the steering lock MUST NOT be used for this purpose.

Transporter or trailer lashing

Use the towing rings on the front and rear cross members as lashing points (see illustration).DO NOT secure lashing hooks or trailer fixings, to any other part of the vehicle.

WARNING

The propeller shaft MUST only be reconnected by a qualified Land Rover engineer. Contact your Land Rover dealer for further information.

Ancillary equipment

Winches

A number of different winches, suited to jobs ranging from vehicle recovery to haulage, can be fitted to your Defender. For further information on the types of winch available and their various uses, contact your Land Rover dealer.

As winch operation will vary considerably on different winch units, it is essential that the manufacturer’soperating instructions are understood and followed carefully.

Winch safety

WARNING

If used incorrectly, winches can be extremely dangerous.

ALWAYS follow the manufacturer’s operating instructions carefully.

NEVER stand near, or astride a winching cable whilst it is under tension.

ALWAYS wear protective gloves when handling winching cables.

In addition;

• DO NOT attempt to continue winching if

the winch has stalled due to overloading.

• Inspect the winch and cable regularly -

ALWAYS have worn or damaged parts replaced immediately.

• Only use recommended replacement parts

of the same specification as the original equipment - failure to do so, may not only damage the winch, but may cause serious personal injury.

After winching

Whilst wearing thick, protective gloves, clean and lubricate the cable with a recommended cable lubricant. For further information, consult your Land Rover dealer.

WARNING

NEVER allow a cable to kink, coil or overlap.

NOTE: If a capstan winch is used, ensure the

rope is cleaned and dried before stowing.

SECTION 4

Owner maintenance

The long-term safety, reliability and performance of your vehicle will depend very largely on how well it is maintained.

Maintenance is the owner’s responsibility and it is ESSENTIAL that all routine servicesare carried out by a Land Rover dealer at the specified intervals. These are shown in the Service Portfolio, included in the literature pack. The Service Portfolio also provides spaces for your dealer to record the completion of each service, as and when it is carried out, thus creating a valuable and comprehensiverecord of the maintenance history of your vehicle.

This section of the handbook includes information to assist the owner carry out those daily, weekly and monthly checks that are also necessary to ensure safe, reliable motoring.

Section Contents Page

Owner maintenance 75...................................

Safety in the garage 77...................................

Bonnet opening 78.........................................

Engine compartment 79.................................

Tyres 87.........................................................

Washer jets & wiper blades 89.......................

Battery 90.......................................................

Wheel changing 93.........................................

Fuses 98.........................................................

Bulb replacement 101.....................................

Cleaning & vehicle care 107............................

Owner maintenance

OWNER MAINTENANCE

In addition to the routine services, which should be carried out by your Land Rover dealer at the intervals shown in the Service Portfolio, a number of simple checks (listed below) must be carried out by the owner or driver on a regular basis. These are fully described on the pages that follow.

Daily checks

• Operation of lights, horn, direction

indicators, wipers, washers and warning lights.

• Operation of seat belts and brakes.

• Look for deposits on the garage floor

which may indicate a fluid leak.

Weekly checks

These should be carried out at least every 250 miles or 400 km.

• Engine oil level.

• Cooling system level.

• Screen washer reservoir level.

• Condition and pressure of tyres.

WARNING

If brake pedal travel is unusually long, or if there is any evident loss of brake fluid, contact your dealer immediately.

Any significant or sudden drop in fluid levels, or uneven tyre wear, should be reported to a Land Rover dealer without delay.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Special operating conditions

When a vehicle is operated in extremely arduous conditions, or on dusty, wet or muddy terrain, more frequent attention must be paid to servicing requirements.

For example; if your vehicle experiences deep wading conditions, even DAILY servicing could be necessary to ensure the continued safe and reliableoperation of the vehicle.

Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.

Monthly checks

• Brake fluid level.

• Power steering fluid level.

• Automatic gearbox oil level.

All fluid specifications and capacities are shown in ’General data’.

Owner maintenance

Planned maintenance

Regular systematic maintenance is the key to ensuring the continued reliability and efficiency of your vehicle.

The routine maintenance requirements for your vehicle, are shown in the Service Portfolio. Most of this necessary workshop maintenance requires specialised knowledge and equipment and should preferably be entrusted to your Land Rover dealer.

Emission control

Your vehicle is fitted with various items of emission and evaporative control equipment, designed to meet specific territorial requirements.

You should be aware that unauthorised replacement, modification or tampering with this equipment by an owner or repair shop, may be unlawful and subject to legal penalties.

In addition, engine settings must not be tampered with. These have been established, to ensure that your vehicle complies with stringent exhaust emission regulations. Incorrect engine settings may adversely affect exhaust emissions, engine performance and fuel consumption, as well as causing high temperatures, which will result in damage to the catalytic converter and the vehicle.

Road testing on dynamometers

(’rolling roads’)

WARNING

Because your vehicle is equipped with permanent four-wheel drive, it is essential that any dynamometer testing is carried out ONLY by a qualified person familiar with the dynamometer testing and safety procedures, practised by Land Rover dealers. Contact your Land Rover dealer for further information.

Owner maintenance

SAFETY IN THE GARAGE

Whenever you carry out maintenance on your vehicle, the following safety precautions should be observed at all times.

• ALWAYS keep hands, tools and items of

clothing, clear of all drive belts and pulleys.

• DO NOT touch exhaust or cooling system

components until they are cool.

• DO NOT touch electricalleads or

components with the starter switch turned on.

• NEVER leave the engine running in an

unventilated area - exhaust gases are poisonous and contain carbon monoxide, which can cause unconsciousness and may even be fatal.

• DO NOT work beneath the vehicle, with the

lifting jack as the only means of support.

• Ensure sparks and open flame are kept

away from the engine and battery compartments.

WARNING

Remember; cooling fans and air conditioning system condenser fans (if fitted), may continue to operate after the engine is switched off. Always wait until the fans have completely stopped moving, before working in the engine compartment.

Poisonous liquids

Most liquids and lubricants used in motor vehicles are poisonous and should not be consumed, or brought into contact with open wounds. These include: battery acid, anti-freeze, brake and power steering fluid, as well as petrol, engine oil and windscreen washer additives.

For your own safety, ALWAYS read and obey all instructions printed on labels and containers.

Used engine oil

Prolonged contact with engine oil may cause serious skin disorders, including dermatitis and skin cancer. ALWAYS wash thoroughly after contact.

It is illegal to pollute drains, water courses or soil with toxic chemicals such as used engine oil. ALWAYS dispose of vehicle liquids and lubricants, at authorised waste disposal sites or at garages which provide facilities for the receipt of discharged batteries, used engine oil and toxic chemicals.If in doubt, contact your Local Authority for advice.

PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT!

Bonnet opening

WARNING

Ensure the wipers are switched off and have returned to the parked position before opening the bonnet.

Pull the bonnet release handle.

Raise the bonnet until the stay fully extends. Release the bonnet, ensuring that the stay locks into position.

Closing the bonnet

After closing the bonnet, check that the lock is fully engaged by attempting to lift the front edge of the bonnet. This should be free from all movement.

Lift the safety catch lever (as illustration) and raise the bonnet.

Engine compartment

1. Radiator filler cap

2. Power steering reservoir

3. Brake fluid reservoir

4. Automatic gearbox dipstick

5. Engine compartment fuse box

6. Washer reservoir

7. Cooling system reservoir

8. Engine oil dipstick

9. Engine oil filler cap

Right hand steering

WARNING

Ensure that sparks and open flame are kept away from the engine compartment.

Engine compartment

1. Radiator filler cap

2. Power steering reservoir

3. Automatic gearbox dipstick

4. Engine compartment fuse box

5. Brake fluid reservoir

6. Washer reservoir

7. Cooling system reservoir

8. Engine oil dipstick

9. Engine oil filler cap

Left hand steering

WARNING

Ensure that sparks and open flame are kept away from the engine compartment.

Engine compartment

ENGINE OIL LEVEL-CHECK & TOP-UP

Check the oil level at least every 250 miles (400 km) (or daily in arduous operating conditions), when the engine is HOT and with the vehicle resting on level ground.

Switch off the engine and let the vehicle stand for five minutes to allow the oil to drain back into the sump. Withdraw the dipstick and wipe the blade clean, then fully reinsert the dipstick and withdraw again to check the level, which should NEVER be allowed to fall below the lower mark on the dipstick.

To top-up, unscrew the oil filler cap and add oil to maintain the level between the UPPER and LOWER marks on the dipstick.

DO NOT OVERFILL!

As a general guide, if the level on the

dipstick:

• is nearer to the upper mark than the lower,

add no oil.

• is nearer to the lower mark than the upper,

add half a litre of oil.

• is below the lower mark, add one litre of

oil and re-check the level after a further five minutes.

NOTE: If it is necessary to check the oil level

when the engine is cold, DO NOT start the engine. Follow the procedure detailed above, but re-check the oil level as soon as the engine has reached its normal operating temperature.

Oil specifications

It is essential to use an oil suitable for the climatic conditions in which the vehicle is to be operated. Precise specifications are shown in ’General data’. If in doubt, contact your Land Rover dealer.

Engine compartment

AUTOMATIC GEARBOX FLUID LEVEL CHECK

& TOP-UP

The automatic gearbox fluid must only be checked when the engine and gearbox are cold (see ’Note’ below).

Ensure the vehicle is resting on level ground with the handbrake applied, then start the engine and select ’P’ (Park) .

With the engine running, withdraw the dipstick from the filler tube and wipe the blade clean. Reinsert the dipstick fully and withdraw again to check the level. Top-up to maintain the level between the UPPER and LOWER markings on the dipstick, with a fluid meeting the minimum specificationdefined in ’General data’.

NOTE: In extreme ambient temperatures, the

level of fluid showing on the dipstick will vary. To ensure an accurate reading, the level should be checked at an ambient temperature of 68˚F (20˚C).

DO NOT OVERFILL!

Engine compartment

COOLING SYSTEM TOP-UP

WARNING

NEVER remove the filler cap (1), or radiator filler plug, when the engine is hot escaping steam or scalding water could cause serious injury.

The coolant level in the reservoir should be checked at least weekly (more frequently in high mileage or arduous operating conditions). Always check the level WHEN THE SYSTEM IS COLD.

Unscrew the filler cap and plug slowly, allowing the pressure to escape before removing completely.

Never run the engine without coolant.

As well as removing the reservoir cap (1), carefully unscrew the radiator filler plug, allowing pressure to escape before removing completely.

Top the coolant reservoir and the radiator up, if necessary, with a 50% mixture of anti-freeze and water to maintain the level at approximately0.5 in (12 mm) below the radiator filler neck and up to the level indicator in the coolant reservoir.Ensure the filler cap and plug are tightened fully after top-up is completed.

DO NOT overfill. This may result in damage to the radiator.

If the level has fallen appreciably, suspect leakage or overheating and arrange for your dealer to examine your vehicle.

Engine compartment

Anti-freeze

Anti-freeze contains important corrosion inhibitors. Ensure the 50% anti-freeze/water solution is maintained and topped up all year round (not just in cold conditions). Failure to do so may cause corrosion of the radiator and engine components.

Use an ethylene glycol based anti-freeze (containing no methanol), with non-phosphate corrosion inhibitors, suitable for use in aluminium engines. The specific gravity of a 50% anti-freeze solution at 68° F (20° C), is 1.075 and protects against frost down to -33° F (-36° C).

WARNING

Anti-freeze is poisonous and can be fatal if swallowed. if accidental consumption of anti-freeze is suspected, seek medical attention immediately.

Prevent anti-freeze coming in contact with the skin or eyes. If this occurs, rinse immediately with plenty of water.

Anti-freeze will damage painted surfaces. NEVER top-up with salt water. Even when

travelling in territories where the water supply contains salt, always ensure you carry a supply of fresh (rain or distilled) water.

WINDSCREEN WASHER TOP-UP

The windscreen washer reservoir also supplies the rear screen (if fitted).

Check the reservoirlevel and top-up with a mixture of water and an approved screen washer solvent, to approximately 1 in (25 mm) below the bottom of the filler neck. In cold weather, to prevent freezing, use a screen washer solvent containing isopropanol.

Operate the washer switches to check that the nozzles are clear and properly directed.

WARNING

DO NOT use an anti-freeze solution in the washer reservoir. Anti-freeze will damage painted surfaces.

Engine compartment

WARNING

Contact your dealer immediately if brake travel is unusually long, or if there is any appreciable drop in brake fluid.

BRAKE FLUID CHECK

The fluid level will fall slightly during use, as a result of brake pad wear, but should not be allowed to fall below the ’MIN’ mark. Any substantial drop in fluid indicates a leak in the system, in which case the vehicle must NOT be driven and you should contact your dealer.

With the vehicle on level ground, check the fluid level at least every week (more frequently in high mileage or arduous operating conditions). Check the level visually through the side of the transparent container, without removing the filler cap.

Topping-up

Wipe the filler cap clean before removing, to prevent dirt from entering the reservoir, then top up to the ’MAX’ mark using FMVSS 116 DOT 4 fluid.

Use only new fluid from an airtight container (old fluid from opened containers, or fluid previously bled from the system must NOT be used).

DO NOT OVERFILL!

WARNING

DO NOT drive the vehicle with the fluid level below the ’MIN’ mark.

Brake fluid is poisonous and can be fatal if swallowed. If accidental consumption of brake fluid is suspected, seek medical attention immediately.

Brake fluid will damage painted surfaces; soak up any spillage with an absorbant cloth immediately and wash the area with a mixture of car shampoo and water.

If brake fluid should come into contact with the skin or eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water.

Engine compartment

POWER STEERING TOP-UP

ONLY check the fluid level with the engine switched off and when the system is cold and ensure that the steering wheel is not turned after stopping the engine.

Wipe the filler cap to prevent dirt from entering the reservoir.

Remove the filler cap and, using a lint-free cloth, wipe the dipstick clean. Refit the cap fully and remove it again to check the fluid level. Ensure the fluid level is between the UPPER mark and the end of the dipstick. If necessary,top up with a fluid meeting Dexron II or III specification, ensuring no dirt enters the reservoir.

DO NOT fill above the UPPER mark on the dipstick.

WARNING

DO NOT start the engine if the fluid level has dropped below the dipstick - severe damage to the steering system could result.

Tyres

WARNING

Never drive your vehicle if the tyres are badly worn, cut or damaged, or if the pressures are incorrect.

Incorrectly inflated tyres wear rapidly and seriously affect the vehicle’s safety and road handling characteristics.

Caring for your tyres

Always drive with consideration for the condition of the tyres and frequently inspect the tread and side walls for signs of distortion or damage (in particular,look for lumps, cuts and bulges).

Tyre pressures

Tyre pressuresshould be checked at least once a week with normal road use, but should be checked DAILY if the vehicle is used off-road.

Check the pressures - including the spare when the tyres are cold (air pressure naturally increasesin warm tyres). The recommended pressures are shown in ’General data’.

WARNING

If the vehicle has been parked in strong sunlight, or is used in high ambient temperatures, DO NOT reduce tyre pressures; instead, move the vehicle into shade and allow the tyres to cool before checking.

Tyre wear

Some tyres fitted as original equipment, have wear indicators moulded into the tread pattern. When the tread has worn down to 1/16 in (1.6 mm), the indicators start appearing at the surface of the tread pattern, producing the effect of a continuous band of rubber across the width of the tyre.

A tyre MUST be replaced as soon as an indicator band becomes visible, or the tread depth reaches the minimum permitted by legislation.

Tread depth must be checked regularly (at every maintenance service, or more frequently). Always replace a tyre before the tread reaches a remaining depth of 1/16 in (1.6 mm). DO NOT drive with tyres worn to this limit, the safety of the vehicle and its occupants will be adversely affected.

NOTE: After off-road use, check to make sure

there are no lumps or bulges in the tyres or exposure of the ply or cord structure.

Valve caps

Keep the valve caps screwed down firmly to prevent dirt from entering the valve.

Replacement tyres

Wheel rims and tyres are matched to suit the handling characteristics of the vehicle. For safety, ALWAYS check that replacement tyres comply with the manufacturer’soriginal specificationand that the load rating shown on the side wall is the same as that of the original equipment. Contact your Land Rover dealer for further information or assistance.

Tyres

WARNING

ALWAYS use the same make and type of radial-ply tyres front and rear. DO NOT use bias-ply tyres, or interchange tyres from front to rear.

• If the wheel is marked ’TUBELESS’, an

inner tube must NOT be fitted.

NOTE: Tyre sizes and pressures are shown in

’General data’.

WARNING

Do not replace wheels with any type other than genuine Land Rover parts.

Wheels and tyres are designed for both off-road and on-road use and have a very important influence upon the correct operation of the suspension system and vehicle handling.

Alternative wheels which do not meet original equipment specifications should not be fitted.

Snow chains

WARNING

DO NOT fit snow chains - this could damage the vehicle.

For more information or assistance, consult your Land Rover dealer.

Washer jets & wiper blades

WASHER JETS

To adjust a washer jet, insert a needle into the jet orifice (see inset) and lever gently to position the jet.

WIPER BLADE REPLACEMENT

To renew a front or rear wiper blade, lift the wiper arm away from the screen, press the retaining clip (arrowed), push the blade away from the arm and then unhook the wiper blade.

Locate the new blade assembly on the arm, hook it to the swivel bracket and push into engagement until the blade is retained by the clip.

Always fit wiper blades that are identical to the original specification.

NOTE: Before renewing the rear wiper blade,

it is necessaryto remove the spare wheel from its mounting position on the rear door.

Battery

The battery is located underneath the left-hand front seat. Pull up the front of the seat base to release it from its retaining clips and pull it forward. Release the buckle on the front of the battery compartment and slide off the lid.

When refitting the seat base, insert the rear of the base first and then push down firmly on the front to re-engage the retaining clips ENSURE the seat base is secure before driving.

WARNING

Batteries contain sulphuric acid. If the acid comes in contact with the eyes or skin, wash immediately with cold water and seek medical advice.

During normal operation, batteries emit explosive hydrogen gas - ensure sparks and open flame are kept away from the battery compartment.

To reduce the risk of a short circuit, remove all metal wrist bands and jewellery before working in the battery compartment and NEVER allow the battery terminals or vehicle leads, to make contact with tools or metal parts of the vehicle.

Battery

The battery fitted to your vehicle requires minimal attention, as follows:

• In temperate climates, check the

electrolytelevel once every 3 years. In hot climates, check the level annually.

• Occasionallywipe the battery casing, to

remove dirt and grease.

• Keep the battery terminals clean and free

from corrosion, by occasionally smearing them with petroleum jelly.

Checking the electrolyte level

Gently prise off the vent covers (or unscrew if vent plugs are fitted) and inspect the electrolytelevel of each cell. This should be no lower than 0.04 in (1 mm) above the top of the plates. If necessary, top up with distilled water to a maximum of 0.12 in (3 mm) above the plates.

Battery removal and replacement

Your vehicle may be fitted with a battery backed-up sounder, which operates as an anti-theft siren if the main battery is disconnected.

If it is necessary to remove the main vehicle battery, it is essential to adopt the following procedure before disconnecting the terminals, in order to prevent the siren from sounding.

1. Turn the starter switch ’on’ and then ’off’, then remove the key.

2. Disconnect the vehicle battery WITHIN 15 SECONDS (if it is not disconnected within 15 seconds, the back-up siren will sound immediately the battery terminals are disconnected.

ALWAYS disconnect the negative (’-’) terminal first. When replacing, connect the positive (’+’) terminal first.

If the siren sounds when the battery is reconnected, it CANNOT be turned off in the normal way (ie. by operating the handset buttons). To deactivate the siren, disarm the alarm with the handset and turn the starter switch to position ’II’.

Battery

WARNING

To avoid damaging the vehicle’s electrical system, ensure correct polarity when refitting the battery.

ONLY fit a replacement battery of the same type and specification as the original. Other batteries may vary in size and have different terminal positions, capable of creating a potential fire hazard if the terminals or leads were to come into contact with the battery clamp assembly.

DO NOT use a high speed battery charger as a starting aid.

DO NOT let the engine run without the battery connected.

Battery charging

Batteries generate explosive gases, contain corrosive acid and supply levels of electric current high enough to cause serious burns. Before charging, ensure the battery is properly topped up and ALWAYS observe the following precautions while charging the battery:

• Always remove the battery from the

vehicle.

• Make sure the battery charger is

disconnected from its power supply, before connecting the leads to the battery terminals.

• Make sure the charging leads are securely

clamped, before switching on the charger, and DO NOT move the clamps while the charger is switched on.

• Shield your eyes, or avoid leaning over the

battery.

• Keep the area around the top of the battery

well ventilated.

• Keep open flame clear of the battery

(batteries emit inflammable hydrogen during and after charging).

• When charging is complete, switch off the

charger before disconnecting the charging leads, and then leave the battery for an hour BEFORE reconnection to the vehicle.

Wheel changing

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Before jacking the vehicle, always observe the following precautions!

• Park your vehicle away from the

thoroughfare, and make your passengers wait in a safe area AWAY from the vehicle.

• Switch on the hazard warning lights

to alert other road users.

• ALWAYS engage the differential lock

before jacking (warning light on fascia illuminates).

• Apply the handbrake and select ’P’ in

the main gear box and select ’L’ in the transfer box. Turn off the starter switch and remove the key.

• NEVER jack the vehicle with

passengers inside, or with a caravan or trailer connected!

• NEVER work beneath the vehicle

with the jack as the only means of support. The jack is designed for wheel changing only!

WARNING

Always chock the front and back of the wheel diagonally opposite the one to be removed.

Using the Wheel Chock

WARNING

Before raising the vehicle, it is ESSENTIAL to chock one of the road wheels; the handbrake acts on the transmission, not on the rear wheels, and therefore may not hold the vehicle when raised.

NOTE: The bottle jack and wheel chocks are

stowed in a compartment under the left-hand front seat (see ’Battery’ for details of access). The jack handle and tools are stowed in a tool bag behind the front seats.

WARNING

Batteries emit explosive hydrogen gas; ensure that sparks and naked lights are kept away from the battery compartment.

Wheel changing

Removing the spare wheel

Remove the nuts securing the spare wheel to the carrier and lift off the wheel.

WARNING

DO NOT use the spare wheel securing nuts in place of the road wheel nuts.

The wheels are extremely heavy. Take care when lifting and particularly when removing the spare wheel from its mounting position on the rear door.

WARNING

Ensure the jack is positioned on firm, level ground.

DO NOT use the jack to raise the vehicle, until you have carefully read and understood ’Positioning the jack’ later in this section. If in doubt, consult your dealer.

Care must be taken to avoid accidental contact with any underbody parts, especially the hot exhaust system components, likely to cause personal injury during raising or lowering of the vehicle.

Ensure that the space under and around the vehicle is free from obstruction as it is lowered.

Operating the jack

Slot the jack lever together, ensuring that the spring clip protrudes from the engagement slot where the two parts join (see inset). Close the jack release valve by turning it fully clockwise and insert the lever into the socket where shown. Pump the lever up and down to raise the jack.

To lower the jack, withdraw the lever and slot the notched end over the the pegs on the release valve. Slowly turn the release valve anti-clockwise,allowing the weight of the vehicle to lower the jack.

Wheel changing

Positioning the jack

Always position the jack from the front or rear of the vehicle, directly in line with the jacking points.

WARNING

NEVER use the jack from the side of the vehicle.

Always use the complete, two piece, jack lever throughout, to minimise any accidental contact with a hot exhaust system.

ONLY jack the vehicle using the jack location points described, or damage to the vehicle could occur.

Front jacking point:

Position the jack so that, when raised, it engages with the front axle casing, immediately below the coil spring. The jack cradle must locate between the flange at the end of the axle casing and the large bracket to which the front suspension members are mounted.

Rear jacking point:

Position the jack so that, when raised, it engages with the rear axle casing, immediately below the coil spring and as close as possible to the shock absorber mounting bracket.

Care of the jack

Occasionally,clean and grease the moving parts (particularly the ram/pillar) to prevent corrosion.

The bottle jack oil level should be checked at normal servicing intervals and if necessary, topped up with an hydraulic oil with a viscosity to BS 4231 grade 32 and ISO proof 32.

To avoid contamination, the bottle jack should always be returned to its fully closed position and must always be stowed upright.

Wheel changing

Changing a wheel

Before raising the vehicle, ensure that all the precautions listed at the beginning of this section have been observed. Also, ensure that the wheel chock is correctly positioned, as described previously.

In some markets, vehicles fitted with alloy wheels have one locking wheel nut fitted to each wheel. Refer to ’Locking wheel nuts’ later in this section, before changing an alloy wheel.

• Use the wheel nut wrench to slacken the

wheel nuts half a turn counter-clockwise.

• Raise the vehicle until the tyre is clear of

the ground, and remove the wheel nuts and wheel (DO NOT damage the surface of alloy wheels by placing them face down on the road).

• On alloy wheels, use an approved

anti-seize compound to treat the wheel mounting spigot, to minimise the tendency for adhesion between the wheel and the spigot. Ensure that no oil or compound comes into contact with the brake components. If, due to an emergency situation, this treatment is not practicable;refit the spare wheel for the time being, but remove and treat the wheel at the earliest opportunity.

• Fit the spare wheel and lightly tighten the

wheel nuts, ensuring they are firmly seated. DO NOT fully tighten whilst the tyre is clear of the ground.

WARNING

When fitting a wheel, ensure that the mating faces of the hub and wheel are clean and free from corrosion - an accumulation of dirt or corrosion could cause the wheel nuts to become loose and result in an accident.

• Lower the vehicle and remove the jack and

wheel chock.

• Fully tighten the wheel nuts. DO NOT

OVERTIGHTEN by using foot pressure or extension bars on the wheel nut wrench, as this could overstressthe wheel studs.

• REMEMBER to disengage the differential

lock and change to ’H’ (high range) before driving.

• Finally, check the tyre pressure and wheel

nut torque at the earliest opportunity, see ’General data’.

WARNING

After wheel changing, always secure tools, chock, jack and spare wheel in their correct storage positions.

Wheel changing

LOCKING WHEEL NUTS

In some markets, vehicles fitted with alloy wheels are equipped with a locking wheel nut on each wheel. The locking wheel nut covers are visuallyvery similar to standard wheel nuts, but can be identified by a concave indent on the surface. The locking wheel nut and cover can only be removed using the special tools provided, as follows:

• Push the extractor tool (1) firmly over the

stainless steel nut cover (2).

• Pull the extractor tool squarely away from

the wheel to remove the nut cover and reveal the locking wheel nut (3).

• Fit the metal key socket (4) securely over

the locking wheel nut (3).

• Fit the wheel nut wrench onto the key

socket and unscrew the nut in the normal way.

A code letter is stamped on the face of the key socket. Ensure the code letter is entered in the space provided on your Security Information card - you will need to quote this letter if replacement components are required. Keep the card in a safe place away from the vehicle.

For security reasons, store the key socket and extractor tool out of sight, in a secure place in the vehicle.

NOTE: If the extractor tool has been

inadvertentlypushed onto a standard wheel nut, it can be removed ONLY by first undoing and removing the nut; slide the wheel nut wrench down the centre of the extractor and onto the wheel nut.

Fuses

Fuses are simple circuit breakers which protect electrical equipment, by preventing the electricalcircuits from being overloaded.

Always remove the starter key and switch off the affected circuit before removing a fuse.

Always fit a new fuse of the same rating. If the replacement fuse fails immediately, contact your local Land Rover dealer and have the circuit checked.

WARNING

Fit only replacement fuses of the same rating and type. Always rectify the cause of a failure before replacing a fuse. Seek qualified assistance if necessary.

Fuses are colour coded to help identify their amperage, as follows:

TAN 5 BROWN 7.5 RED 10 BLUE 15 YELLOW 20 GREEN 30

The main fuse box is located behind an access panel in front of the transfer box gear lever. Pull the panel away from the console to gain access to the fuses. The fuse ratings and the circuits they protect are listed on the following page.

After changing a fuse, ensure the access panel is firmly secured by the velcro fixings.

Rover DEFENDER 1999 Owner Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

SERVICE PORTFOLIO

ANTI-THEFT PRECAUTIONS

Controls

Locks & alarm

Seats

Seat belts

Instruments

Warning lights

Lights & indicators

Wipers & washers

Switches

Windows

Sunroof

Heating & ventilation

Air conditioning

Interior equipment

Starter switch & steering lock

Starting & driving

Catalytic converter

Fuel

Gearbox & transmission

Brakes

Towing & load carrying

Emergency starting

Vehicle recovery

Ancillary equipment

Owner maintenance

SAFETY IN THE GARAGE

Bonnet opening

Engine compartment

Tyres

Washer jets & wiper blades

Battery

Wheel changing

Fuses