PIAGGIO X8 User Manual
PIAGGIO WOULD LIKE TO THANK YOU
for choosing one of its products. We have prepared this booklet to help you to get the very best from your scooter. Please read it carefully before riding
the scooter for the first time. It contains information, tips and precautions for using your scooter. It also describes features, details and devices to assure
you that you have made the right choice. We believe that if you follow our suggestions, you will soon get to know your new vehicle and it will serve you
well for a long time to come. This booklet forms an integral part of the scooter; should the scooter be sold, it must be transferred to the new owner.
X8 400 i.e.
The instructions given in this manual are intended to provide a clear, simple guide to using your scooter; this booklet also details routine maintenance
procedures and regular checks that should be carried out on the vehicle at an authorised Dealer or Service Centre. The booklet also contains
instructions for simple repairs. Any operations not specifically described in this manual require the use of special tools and/or particular technical
knowledge: to carry out these operations refer to any authorised Dealer of Service Centres.
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Personal safety
Failure to completely observe these instructions will result in serious risk of personal
injury.
Safeguarding the environment
Sections marked with this symbol indicate the correct use of the vehicle to prevent dam-
aging the environment.
Vehicle intactness
The incomplete or non-observance of these regulations leads to the risk of serious
damage to the vehicle and sometimes even the invalidity of the guarantee.
The signs that you see on this page are very important. They are used to highlight those
parts of the booklet that should be read with particular care. As you can see, each sign
consists of a different graphic symbol, making it quick and easy to locate the various
topics.
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4
INDEX
VEHICLE...................................................................................... 7
Dashboard................................................................................ 8
Analogue instrument panel....................................................... 9
Clock......................................................................................... 10
Setting the hour/minutes function.......................................... 10
Key switch................................................................................. 10
Locking the steering wheel.................................................... 11
Releasing the steering wheel................................................ 11
Switch direction indicators........................................................ 11
Horn button............................................................................... 12
Light switch............................................................................... 12
Start-up button.......................................................................... 13
Engine stop button.................................................................... 13
The immobilizer system............................................................ 13
Keys...................................................................................... 14
Immobilizerdevice enabled indicator led............................... 15
Operation............................................................................... 15
Programming the immobilizer system................................... 16
Saddle opening remote control................................................. 18
Remote control programming................................................ 18
Power supply socket................................................................. 20
The saddle................................................................................ 20
Opening the saddle to access the helmet compartment by
remote control....................................................................... 21
Opening the saddle............................................................... 22
Opening the saddle to access the helmet compartment in an
emergency............................................................................. 22
Identification.............................................................................. 23
Rear top box opening button..................................................... 24
USE.............................................................................................. 27
Checks...................................................................................... 28
Refuelling.................................................................................. 28
Tyre pressure............................................................................ 30
Shock absorbers adjustment.................................................... 31
Running in................................................................................. 32
Starting up the engine............................................................... 33
Precautions........................................................................... 35
Difficult start up......................................................................... 35
Stopping the engine.................................................................. 36
Stand......................................................................................... 37
Automatic transmission............................................................. 38
Safe driving............................................................................... 39
MAINTENANCE........................................................................... 43
Engine oil level.......................................................................... 44
Engine oil level check............................................................ 44
Engine oil top-up................................................................... 45
Warning light (insufficient oil pressure)................................. 45
Engine oil change.................................................................. 46
Hub oil level.............................................................................. 47
Tyres......................................................................................... 49
Spark plug dismantlement........................................................ 51
Removing the air filter............................................................... 52
Air filter cleaning....................................................................... 52
Cooling fluid level...................................................................... 53
Checking the brake oil level...................................................... 55
Braking system fluid top up................................................... 56
Battery....................................................................................... 57
Use of a new battery............................................................. 57
Checking the electrolyte level................................................ 58
Long periods of inactivity.......................................................... 59
Fuses........................................................................................ 59
Front light group........................................................................ 66
Headlight adjustment............................................................. 67
Front direction indicators........................................................... 67
Rear optical unit........................................................................ 68
Rear turn indicators................................................................... 69
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Number plate light..................................................................... 69
Helmet compartment lighting bulb............................................ 70
Rear-view mirrors...................................................................... 71
Front and rear disc brake.......................................................... 71
Puncture.................................................................................... 72
Periods of inactivity................................................................... 73
Cleaning the vehicle.................................................................. 74
TECHNICAL DATA...................................................................... 79
Kit equipment............................................................................ 83
SPARE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES........................................ 85
Warnings................................................................................... 86
PROGRAMMED MAINTENANCE............................................... 89
Scheduled maintenance table................................................... 90
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X8 400 i.e.
Chap. 01
Vehicle
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01_01
01_02
Dashboard (01_01, 01_02)
A = Ignition key-switch
B = Starter button
C = Throttle control
D = Front brake lever
E = Turn indicator switch
F = Headlight switch
G = Rear brake lever
H = Horn button
I = Engine cut-off switch
L = Boot opening switch
M = Saddle opening button
N = Instrument panel unit
O = Indicator unit
P = Bag hook
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01_03
Analogue instrument panel (01_03)
A = Twin scale speedometer (km/h and mph)
B = Fuel gauge
C = LED immobilizer / anti-theft device
D = Coolant temperature gauge
E = Right turn signal warning light
E = Left turn signal warning light
H = Low fuel warning light
I = Lights ON warning light
L = High-beam warning light
M = Low oil pressure warning light
N = Helmet compartment light ON warning light
O = Engine control telltale light and injection system failure warning light
P = Analogue clock
Q = Total odometer
R = Trip odometer
S = Trip odometer reset button
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1 Vehicle
01_04
Clock (01_04)
The clock, powered directly by the vehicle's battery, may be set by pressing the «T»
button located inside the LHS glove-box on the knee-guard panel.
Pressing the button for less than one second will add one minute to the displayed time;
Keep the «T» button pressed to rapidly increase the time.
Setting the hour/minutes function
Pressing the "RES" key increases the minutes of the indicated time one by one.
Hold the "RES" key down to increase the numbers faster.
01_05
Key switch (01_05)
LOCK = Ignition disabled, extractable key, mechanical antitheft device enabled.
OFF = Ignition disabled, extractable key,mechanical antitheft device disabled.
ON = Ready to start, non-extractable key, mechanical antitheft device disabled.
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Locking the steering wheel
Turn the handlebar to the left as far as it will go, turn the key to position "LOCK" and
remove the key.
Releasing the steering wheel
Reinsert the key and turn it to «OFF».
CAUTION
DO NOT TURN THE KEY TO «LOCK» OR «OFF» WHILE RIDING.
01_06
Switch direction indicators (01_06)
Lever towards "S" = Left turn indicator is switched on;
Lever towards "D" = Right turn indicator is switched on;
The lever returns automatically to position "0" and the turn indicator "B" remains on;
press the lever to turn them off.
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01_07
Horn button (01_07)
Push the «C» button to sound the horn.
01_08
Light switch (01_08)
0 = Low-beam light
1 = High beam light
2 = Passing (flashing)
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01_09
Start-up button (01_09)
To start the engine, press the starter button "G" while pulling either of the two brake
levers.
01_10
Engine stop button (01_10)
Functioning of the engine cut-off switch "I":
0 = OFF
1 = RUN
The immobilizer system
In order to enhance theft protection, the scooter is equipped with a «PIAGGIO IMMOBILIZER » electronic engine locking device that is activated automatically when
the starter key is removed. Upon start-up, the «PIAGGIO IMMOBILIZER» system
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1 Vehicle
checks the starter key, and only if this key is recognised will the immobilizer system
allow the scooter to be started.
01_11
01_12
Keys (01_11, 01_12, 01_13)
Two types of keys come with the vehicle.
The red-handgrip key "A" is the "MASTER" key.
Only a single copy of this key is supplied, which is necessary to program all your other
keys and for your dealer to perform some maintenance operations. For this reason it
is advised that it be used only in exceptional circumstances.
The black key "B" (single copy supplied) is used for normal operations such as:
- engine start up
- open the rear glove-box and the saddle (with remote control)
Together with the two keys, you will be given a CODE CARD bearing the same code
imprinted onto the two keys.
WARNING
LOSING THE RED KEY PREVENTS ANY REPAIRS OF THE 'PIAGGIO IMMOBILIZER' SYSTEM AND THE ENGINE CONTROL UNIT.
WARNING
KEEP THE 'CODE CARD' AND THE RED HANDGRIP KEY IN A SAFE PLACE (NOT
ON YOUR VEHICLE).
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01_13
01_14
Immobilizerdevice enabled indicator led (01_14)
Activation of the "PIAGGIO IMMOBILIZER" system is signalled by a flashing "C" indicator. In order to reduce battery discharge, the indicator LED turns off automatically
after 48 hours of uninterrupted functioning. Should the signal led system break down
in its flashing function, give information about the type of problem to an Authorised
Piaggio-Gilera Service Centre.
Operation
Every time the starter key is removed in the "OFF" or "LOCK" position, the safety
system activates the immobilizer system. Turning the key to "ON" disables the engine
lock, provided that the safety system recognises the code transmitted by the key. If
the code is not recognised, turn the key first to "OFF" and then to "ON"; if the lock
cannot be disabled, try with the other key supplied (red-coloured). If the engine cannot
be started, contact an Authorised Piaggio Service Centre, which is provided with
the electronic equipment required to detect and repair the system.
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When additional keys are required, please note that data storage (up to 7 keys max.)
must be done on all keys, both new ones and existing ones.
Take the red-handgrip key and all the black keys supplied to an Authorised Piaggio
Service Centre.
The codes of keys not submitted for the new storage procedure are deleted from the
memory. Any lost keys will therefore not be enabled to start the engine.
WARNING
EACH KEY HAS ITS OWN AND UNIQUE CODE, WHICH MUST BE STORED BY
THE SYSTEM CONTROL UNIT.
VIOLENT SHOCKS MAY AFFECT THE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF THE
KEY.
IF OWNERSHIP OF THE VEHICLE IS TRANSFERRED, THE RED-HANDGRIP KEY
(AS WELL AS THE OTHER KEYS) AND THE "CODE CARD" MUST ALSO BE
TRANSFERRED TO THE NEW OWNER.
Programming the immobilizer system
Below is described the procedure to follow for programming the PIAGGIO IMMOBILIZER system and/or for storing other key codes. The programming procedure should
be carried out with the engine stop switch set to «RUN».
Procedure start - red key
Insert the red-handgrip key in the switch key (in "OFF" position) and turn it to "ON".
After 1 - 3 seconds, turn the key to "OFF" again and pull it out.
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Intermediate step - black key
After pulling out the red key, insert the black key within 10 seconds and promptly turn
it to «ON». After 1-3 seconds, turn the key to "OFF" again and pull it out. In this way,
a maximum of 7 black keys can be programmed by repeating the above procedure
keeping the indicated times.
Final step - red key
After pulling out the last black key, insert the red key again and turn it to "ON" (this
operation should be performed within 10 seconds of pulling out the previous key).
Leave it in this position for 1 to 3 seconds and return it to the «OFF» position.
Proper programming check
Insert the red key disabling the transponder (i.e., tilt the key cap by 90°) and turn the
key to "ON". Perform the engine start-up operation. Ensure that the engine does not
start. Insert the black key and repeat the start-up operation. Check that engine starts.
WARNING
SHOULD THE ENGINE START WITH THE RED KEY (WITH TRANSPONDER OFF),
OR IN THE EVENT OF WRONG OPERATION DURING PROGRAMMING, REPEAT
THE PROCEDURE FROM THE BEGINNING.
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1 Vehicle
01_15
01_16
Saddle opening remote control (01_15, 01_16)
The vehicle is equipped with a key with remote control to open the saddle and the
back compartment cover from the distance. This remote control is supplied together
with the «MASTER» key and it has been programmed to control the opening device
control unit at the manufacturing stage. A maximum of 7 keys operated by remote
control can be programmed (see «remote control programming» section ). The remote
control for the black key is powered by inner batteries that get discharged after extended used; If the green LED on the handgrip turns on when the button is pressed,
the remote control is working properly.
You may need to replace the batteries inside the key if the remote control fails or if its
range of operation is reduced.
In order to carry out this operation, separate the two halves of the remote control by
inserting an edge or the thin tip of a plain slot screwdriver on the external groove and
slide it all around said groove.
Go to the printed circuit and remove the two batteries from the contact terminal; replace the two batteries «D», paying attention to reassemble them with the poles facing
the correct sense and with new CR1616 batteries, then reassemble the handgrip.
To open the saddle without the remote control, follow the procedure described in the
«Saddle» or «Opening saddle with remote control» section
Remote control programming
Follow these steps to program the remote controls:
1. Insert the remote control key to be programmed in the steering lock key block.
2. Turn the key to «ON», press the button on the remote control, release the button,
turn the key back to «OFF» from the «ON» position, all within 4 seconds.
3 Wait 1 to 8 seconds.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for 4 times without removing the key.
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The control unit confirms the programming has been successfully executed by opening the saddle.
WARNING
TO STORE THE OTHER REMOTE CONTROLS TO MEMORY, (MAXIMUM 8), YOU
NEED TO REPEAT THE WHOLE PROCEDURE AGAIN. FAILURE TO CARRY OUT
THESE OPERATIONS WITHIN THE INDICATED TIMES WILL RESULT IN THE
AUTOMATIC CANCELLATION OF THE PROCESS FOR PROGRAMMING THE
REMOTE-CONTROLLED KEYS.
WARNING
AVOID PRESSING THE REMOTE CONTROL BUTTON MORE THAN ONCE WHEN
FAR AWAY FROM THE SCOOTER. THE SYNCHRONISM BETWEEN THE REMOTE CONTROL AND THE RECEIVER CAN BE IMPAIRED. SHOULD THIS BE
THE CASE, REPEAT THE PROGRAMMING PROCEDURE. DO NOT KEEP THE
REMOTE CONTROL IN PLACES WITH TEMPERATURES EXCEEDING 60° C THE
BATTERY WILL RUN DOWN TOO QUICKLY.
WARNING
TO AVOID BATTERY DISCHARGE, THE SADDLE OPENING REMOTE CONTROL
RADIO RECEIVER DEACTIVATES 7 DAYS AFTER THE LAST TIME THE VEHICLE
WAS SHUT OFF.
JUST TURN THE KEY TO «ON» TO REACTIVATE THE RECEIVER.
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1 Vehicle
01_17
Power supply socket (01_17)
The scooter is equipped with a 12V socket, "D", inside the LHS glove compartment.
This may be used to power electrical devices with a maximum power below 180W (i.e.
mobile phones, flashlights, etc.).
CAUTION
PROLONGED USE OF THE PLUG SOCKET MAY RESULT IN PARTIAL DISCHARGE OF THE BATTERY
01_18
The saddle (01_18, 01_19)
The saddle is supplied with a protection cover which may be used in case of rain.
Lift the saddle and extract the cover from its housing, then extend it over the whole
length of the saddle, starting from the front-end; do not over stretch the cover to avoid
tearing the material; close the saddle.
CAUTION
DO NOT USE THE VEHICLE WITHOUT THE PROTECTION COVER.
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01_19
Opening the saddle to access the helmet compartment by
remote control
When the key is in «LOCK» or «OFF» position, the saddle and/or the rear glove-box
can be opened with the remote control. The saddle cannot be opened only when the
key is set to "ON".
CAUTION
OBJECTS INAPPROPRIATELY PLACED INSIDE THE HELMET COMPARTMENT
MAY DEFORM THE SADDLE AND PREVENT THE COURTESY LIGHT FROM
TURNING OFF, WHICH MAY RESULT IN BATTERY DISCHARGE.
WARNING
THE REMOTE CONTROL OPERATES WITHIN A DISTANCE OF ABOUT 100 ME-
TRES WITH FULLY CHARGED BATTERIES. WHEN YOU ARE NEAR THE VEHICLE, HANDLE THE REMOTE CONTROL CAREFULLY SO AS TO AVOID
UNINTENTIONAL OPENING OF THE SADDLE AND/OR THE REAR GLOVE-BOX.
REFER TO THE «OPENING THE SADDLE WITH REMOTE CONTROL» SECTION
TO REPLACE BATTERIES.
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1 Vehicle
01_20
Opening the saddle (01_20)
With the key set to "OFF" or "ON" or with the engine on, you can electrically open the
saddle by pressing button "M". If the electric opening does not work, use the emergency lever "A". When the key is set to "LOCK" the saddle cannot be opened.
OBJECTS INAPPROPRIATELY PLACED INSIDE THE HELMET COMPARTMENT
MAY CAUSE THE SADDLE TO DEFORM AND MAY PREVENT THE COURTESY
LIGHT FROM TURNING OFF.
HOWEVER, THIS IS SIGNALLED BY THE CORRESPONDING WARNING LIGHT
FITTED ON THE INSTRUMENT PANEL
01_21
Opening the saddle to access the helmet compartment in an
emergency (01_21, 01_22)
With the key in position "OFF" or "ON" it is possible to open the cover of the fuel tank
filler neck.
Press the lever to open the rear compartment of the scooter.
To open the saddle it is necessary to press the metallic lever of the seat lock manually
towards the left of the scooter (as seen in the direction of travel). For this operation
you have to reach into the inside of the luggage compartment after having opened the
rear cover.
WARNING
OBJECTS INAPPROPRIATELY PLACED INSIDE THE HELMET COMPARTMENT
MAY DEFORM THE SADDLE AND PREVENT THE COURTESY LIGHT FROM
TURNING OFF, WHICH MAY RESULT IN BATTERY DISCHARGE.
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01_22
01_23
Identification (01_23, 01_24)
The identification registration numbers consist of a prefix stamped on the chassis and
engine "B" respectively, followed by a number. These numbers must always be indicated on spare parts requests. To read the chassis number, remove the relevant port
"A" in the helmet compartment placed under mat. We recommend checking that the
chassis registration number stamped on the scooter corresponds with that on the
scooter's documents.
CAUTION
BE REMINDED THAT ALTERING IDENTIFICATION REGISTRATION NUMBERS
CAN LEAD TO SERIOUS PENAL SANCTIONS (IMPOUNDING OF THE VEHICLE,
ETC.).
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1 Vehicle
01_24
01_25
01_26
Rear top box opening button (01_25, 01_26)
If the ignition key-switch is turned to either the "ON" or "OFF" position, or the engine
is running, it is possible to open the boot door electrically, pressing button "N".
Should the electrical opening fail, please use the lever indicated located underneath
the fuel tank filler neck.
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25
1 Vehicle
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X8 400 i.e.
Chap. 02
Use
27
Checks
Before using the vehicle, check:
1. There is enough fuel in the fuel tank.
2. The correct fluid level for front and rear brakes.
3. That tyres are properly inflated.
4. The correct functioning of tail lights, headlamp, turn indicators, stop light and license
plate light.
5. The correct functioning of front and rear brakes.
6. The oil level in the gearcase.
7. The engine oil level.
8. The coolant level.
02_01
Refuelling (02_01, 02_02)
Fuel: By pressing the switch-key (with the key in «OFF» or «ON») open the tank cover
to reach the fuel filler cap and remove it «T».
Recommended fuel: Unleaded petrol, min octane rating of 95. The fuel reserve level
is indicated by the warning light and the digital gauge "B".
WARNING
SWITCH OFF THE ENGINE BEFORE REFUELLING WITH PETROL.
PETROL IS HIGHLY INFLAMMABLE.
DO NOT SMOKE AND KEEP OPEN FLAMES AT A DISTANCE:FIRE HAZARD.
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02_02
DO NOT INHALE FUEL FUMES.
DO NOT ALLOW PETROL TO COME INTO CONTACT WITH HOT ENGINE OR
ANY PLASTIC PARTS.
CAUTION
PETROL DAMAGES THE PLASTIC PARTS OF THE BODYWORK.
WARNING
DO NOT RIDE WITH THE FUEL TANK ALMOST EMPTY, LACK OF FUEL CAN
DAMAGE THE CATALYTIC CONVERTER.
CAUTION
USING NON-RECOMMENDED PETROL REDUCES THE EFFICIENCY OF THE
EXHAUST AND FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEMS.
WARNING
IT IS HIGHLY INADVISABLE TO REFUEL USING METHODS OTHER THAN NORMAL FUEL PUMPS. IF PETROL IS NOT COMPLETELY CLEAN, IT CAN DAMAGE
THE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM FILTERS.
Characteristic
Fuel tank capacity
Fuel tank capacity: 12 l (approx.)
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2 Use
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