PIAGGIO X8 User Manual
SERVICE STATION MANUAL
633779 ÷ 633786
X8 400 Euro 3
SERVICE STATION
MANUAL
X8 400 Euro 3
The descriptions and illustrations given in this publication are not binding. While the basic specifications
as described and illustrated in this manual remain unchanged, PIAGGIO-GILERA reserves the right, at
any time and without being required to update this publication beforehand, to make any changes to
components, parts or accessories, which it considers necessary to improve the product or which are
required for manufacturing or construction reasons.
Not all versions shown in this publication are available in all countries. The availability of single versions
should be checked at the official Piaggio sales network.
"© Copyright 2005 - PIAGGIO & C. S.p.A. Pontedera. All rights reserved. Reproduction of this publication
in whole or in part is prohibited."
PIAGGIO & C. S.p.A. - Q.C.S./After sales V.le Rinaldo Piaggio, 23 - 56025 PONTEDERA (Pi)
www.piaggio.com
SERVICE STATION MANUAL
X8 400 Euro 3
This service station manual has been drawn up by Piaggio & C. Spa to be used by the workshops of
Piaggio-Gilera dealers. It is assumed that the user of this manual for maintaining and repairing Piaggio
vehicles has a basic knowledge of mechanical principles and vehicle repair technique procedures. Any
significant changes to vehicle characteristics or to specific repair operations will be communicated by
updates to this manual. Nevertheless, completely satisfactory work cannot be carried out without the
necessary equipment and tools. It is therefore advisable to read the sections of this manual relating to
appropriate tools, along with the appropriate tool catalogue.
N.B. Provides key information to make the procedure easier to understand and carry out.
CAUTION Refers to specific procedures to carry out for preventing damages to the vehicle.
WARNING Refers to specific procedures to carry out to prevent injuries to the repairer.
Personal safety Failure to completely observe these instructions will result in serious risk of personal
injury.
Safeguarding the environment Sections marked with this symbol indicate the correct use of the vehicle
to prevent damaging the environment.
Vehicle intactness The incomplete or non-observance of these regulations leads to the risk of serious
damage to the vehicle and sometimes even the invalidity of the guarantee.
INDEX OF TOPICS
CHARACTERISTICS CHAR
TOOLING TOOL
MAINTENANCE MAIN
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ELE SYS
ENGINE FROM VEHICLE ENG VE
ENGINE ENG
INJECTION INJEC
SUSPENSIONS SUSP
BRAKING SYSTEM BRAK SYS
COOLING SYSTEM COOL SYS
CHASSIS CHAS
PRE-DELIVERY PRE DE
TIME TIME
INDEX OF TOPICS
CHARACTERISTICS CHAR
X8 400 Euro 3 Characteristics
This section describes the general specifications of the vehicle.
Rules
This section describes general safety rules for any maintenance operations performed on the vehicle.
Safety rules
•
Should it be necessary to keep the engine running while servicing, make sure that the area
or room is well ventilated, and use special exhaust fans, if required. never let the engine run
in an enclosed area. Exhaust fumes are toxic.
•
The battery electrolyte contains sulphuric acid. Protect your eyes, clothes and skin. Sulphuric acid is highly corrosive; in the event of contact with your eyes or skin, rinse thoroughly
with abundant water and seek immediate medical attention.
•
The battery produces hydrogen, a gas that can be highly explosive. Do not smoke and avoid
sparks or flames near the battery, especially when charging it.
•
Fuel is highly flammable, and in some conditions it can be explosive. Do not smoke in the
working area, and avoid open flames or sparks.
•
Clean the brake pads in a well ventilated environment, directing the compressed air jet so
as to not inhale the dust produced by the wear of the friction material. Even though the latter
contains no asbestos, dust inhalation is harmful.
Maintenance rules
•
Use original PIAGGIO spare parts and lubricants recommended by the Manufacturer. Nonoriginal or non-conforming spares may damage the vehicle.
•
Use only the special tools designed for this scooter.
•
Always use new gaskets, sealing rings and split pins upon reassembly.
•
After removal, clean the components using non-flammable or low fire-point solvent. Lubricate all the work surfaces except the tapered couplings before refitting.
•
After reassembly, check that all components have been installed properly and that they are
in good working order.
•
For removal, overhaul and reassembly operations use only tools provided with metric measures. Metric bolts, nuts and screws are not interchangeable with coupling members with
English measurement. Using unsuitable coupling members and tools may damage the
scooter.
•
Should any interventions to the scooter electrical system be required, check that the electrical connections - especially earth and battery connections - have been implemented
properly.
CHAR - 7
Characteristics X8 400 Euro 3
Vehicle identification
Chassis prefix
ZAPM52100÷1001
Engine prefix
M521M÷1001
Dimensions and mass
Specification
Kerb weight 206 kg
Overall width 750 mm
Overall length 2190 mm
Wheelbase 1540 mm
Saddle height 790 mm
Overall height 1360 mm
WEIGHT
Desc./Quantity
CHAR - 8
X8 400 Euro 3 Characteristics
Engine
ENGINE
Specification Desc./Quantity
Engine single-cylinder, four-stroke
Bore x stroke 85.8 X 69 mm
Cubic capacity 399 cm³
Compression ratio 10.6 ± 0.5 : 1
Timing system Single overhead camshaft with integrated tone wheel, control
Valve clearance: intake 0.15 mm (when cold)
Valve clearance: discharge 0.15 mm (when cold)
Valve clearance adjustment By threaded adjuster on the rockers
Engine idle speed 1500 ± 50 rpm
Air filter sponge, impregnated with mixture (50% petrol and 50% oil)
CO % value (measured at the intake manifold) 1 - 1.5%
Starting system Electric starter system with freewheel.
Lubrication By trochoidal pump (inside the crankcase), pressure adjust-
Lubrication pressure 4 bar
Minimum allowed (at 100° C) 0.8 bar
Fuel supply Electronic injection system with electric fuel pump, Ø 38 mm
Maximum power (to the crankshaft) 24.5 kW at 7250 rpm
Maximum torque (to the crankshaft) 36 Nm at 5500 rpm
Cooling system Fluid circulation through a motor-driven pump, 3-way thermo-
from flywheel side chain, 4 valves and automatic start-up valve
lifting device.
ment by-pass and oil filter.
throttle body and single injector.
stat and electric fan.
Transmission
Specification
Transmission With automatic expandable pulley variator with torque server,
Capacities
Specification
Engine oil (empty) 1.7 lt.
Engine oil (at oil and filter change) 1.5 lt.
Fuel tank capacity Tank capacity: ~12 l (approximate value)
Cooling system approx. 1.8 litres
Electrical system
Specification
Electronic ignition inductive, high efficiency integrated with the injection system,
Spark plug NGK CR7EKB
Spark plug CHAMPION RG6YC
Generator Three-phase alternating current
TRANSMISSIONS
Desc./Quantity
V belt, automatic clutch, gear reduction unit and transmission
housing with forced air circulation cooling.
CAPACITY
Desc./Quantity
Rear hub approx. 250 cc.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
Desc./Quantity
with variable timing and separate HV coil.
Battery Dry-cell lead-acid battery, 12V-14Ah
CHAR - 9
Characteristics X8 400 Euro 3
Frame and suspensions
FRAME AND SUSPENSIONS
Specification Desc./Quantity
Chassis Welded steel pipes with pressed sheet metal stiffening
Front suspension Double effect hydraulic telescopic fork with Ø 35 mm stems and
Front fork max. stroke 104 mm
Rear suspension Engine with swinging fork attached to the frame by means of
pin backwards with connections for double brake calliper
an arm with one degree of freedom and a pair of double effect
hydraulic shock absorbers with 4 adjustable preload positions.
Brakes
BRAKES
Specification Desc./Quantity
Front brake Ø 240mm double disk brake with hydraulic control activated by
Rear brake Ø 240 mm disc brake with hydraulic control activated by han-
the handlebar right-hand lever.
dlebar left lever.
Wheels and tyres
WHEELS AND TYRES
Specification
Tyre pressure (cold) front 2.1 bar
Tyre pressure (cold) rear 2.3 bar (2.5 bar with passenger)
Front wheel rim Die-cast aluminium alloy, 3.50"x14''
Rear wheel rim Die-cast aluminium alloy 4.50"x14"
Front tyre Tubeless 120/70 - 14'' - Michelin Gold Standard M/C 55S
Rear tyre Tubeless 140/70 - 14'' - Michelin Gold Standard M/C 68S
N.B.
CHECK AND ADJUST TYRE PRESSURE WITH TYRES AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE. ADJUST
PRESSURE ACCORDING TO THE WEIGHT OF RIDER AND ACCESSORIES.
CAUTION
IT IS MANDATORY TO ADOPT EXCLUSIVELY "S" CLASS TYRES, WHICH GUARANTEE CORRECT VEHICLE PERFORMANCE AT THE DIFFERENT SCOOTER SPEEDS. USING ANY OTHER
TYRE MAY RESULT IN VEHICLE INSTABILITY. IT IS ADVISABLE TO USE TYRE TYPES RECOMMENDED BY PIAGGIO.
Desc./Quantity
Tightening Torques
CHAR - 10
FRAME
Name
Electric pump locking ring nut 20
Torque in Nm
BRAKE SYSTEM
Name
Brake calliper coupling 20 - 24
Front brake disc mounting 5 ÷ 6 •
Torque in Nm
X8 400 Euro 3 Characteristics
Name Torque in Nm
Rear brake disc mounting 11 ÷ 13
Front brake calliper mounting on fork 20 ÷ 25
Rear calliper support on crankcase retainer 20 ÷ 25
Pipe / brake calliper coupling 20 ÷ 25
Pipe / brake pump coupling 20 ÷ 25
Front brake pipe splitter coupling 20 ÷ 25
• Lock with Loctite 243 medium strength threadlock
FRONT SUSPENSION
Name Torque in Nm
Front wheel axle 45 ÷ 50
Holding torque of lower ring nut 20 ÷ 25
Fork stem mounting to the plate 20 ÷ 25
Steering lower ring nut 10 - 13 **
Upper steering ring nut 36 - 39
Stem upper cap 35 - 55
Fixing screw handlebar to steering tube 45 ÷ 50
Pumping element fixing screw 25 - 35
Safety screw on fork leg 6 ÷ 7
Wheel fastening screws 33 - 37
* tighten and loosen completely. ** tighten and loosen by 90°.
REAR SUSPENSION
Name Torque in Nm
Upper shock absorber clamp 33 ÷ 41
Lower shock absorber clamp 33 ÷ 41
Shock absorber-crankcase attachment bracket 20 ÷ 25
Rear wheel axle 104 ÷ 126
Muffler arm clamping screws 27 ÷ 30
ENGINE ASSEMBLY
Name
Starter motor screws 11 ÷ 13
Torque in Nm
THERMAL GROUP AND TIMING SYSTEM
Name
Spark plug 12 ÷ 14
Head fixing stud bolts ***
Head fixing nuts 10 - 12
Exhaust / intake head fixing nuts 10 - 12
Head lubrication control jet 5 - 7
Coolant temperature sensor: 10 - 12
Lambda probe on exhaust manifold 10 - 12
injector fixing screw 3 ÷ 4
Counterweight screw 7 ÷ 8.5
Tensioner sliding block fixing screw 10 - 14
Rpm timing sensor fixing screw 3 - 4
Valve lifter mass stop bell fixing screws 30 - 35
Inlet manifold screws 11 ÷ 13
Tappet cover fixing screws 7 - 9
Throttle body fixing screws 11 ÷ 13
Head fixing screws 10 - 12
Camshaft retaining bracket screws: 4 ÷ 6
Tightener screw: 5 - 6
Tightener fastening screws: 11 ÷ 13
*** Apply a preliminary torque of 7 Nm in a crossed sequence. - Tighten by 90° in a crossed sequence. - tighten again by 90° in
a criss-crossed sequence.
Torque in Nm
CRANKCASE AND CRANKSHAFT
Name
Countershaft fixing nut 25 ÷ 29
Engine oil filter 12 - 16
Torque in Nm
CHAR - 11
Characteristics X8 400 Euro 3
Name Torque in Nm
Engine oil drainage plug 24 ÷ 30
Engine-crankcase coupling screws 11 ÷ 13
Oil pump screws 5 - 6
Gear mounting on crankshaft screws 10 -12
Bulkhead screws for oil pump housing cover 8 - 10
FINAL REDUCTION
Name Torque in Nm
Rear hub cover screws 24 ÷ 27
TRANSMISSION COVER
Name Torque in Nm
Driven pulley nut 92 - 100
driving pulley nut 160 - 175
Anti-vibration roller screw 16.7 ÷ 19.6
M8 retainers for transmission cover 23 ÷ 26
M6 retainer 11 ÷ 13
Anti-vibration roller retainer 17 - 19
Clutch ring nut 65 - 75
Air conveyor screws 11 ÷ 12
Water pump cover screws 3 ÷ 4
External transmission cover screws 7 ÷ 9
Flywheel cover screws 11 - 13
FLYWHEEL COVER
Name
Chain guide sliding block retain plate fastening screws 3 ÷ 4
Flywheel fixing nut 115 - 125
Stator retainers 8 - 10
Blow-by recovery duct fixing screws 3 - 4
Screw fixing freewheel to flywheel 13 ÷ 15
Stator cable harness guide bracket screws 3 - 4
Supporting screws with bulkhead 0.3 - 0.4
Minimum oil pressure sensor 12 ÷ 14
Water pump impeller 4 ÷ 5
LUBRICATION
Name
Oil pump cover screws 0.7 ÷ 0.9
Screws fixing oil pump to crankcase 5 - 6
See also
Refitting
Refitting
Overhaul
Overhaul data
This section provides the main information for scooter servicing.
Torque in Nm
Torque in Nm
Assembly clearances
CHAR - 12
X8 400 Euro 3 Characteristics
Cylinder - piston assy.
HEIGHT AT WHICH THE DIAMETER SHOULD BE MEASURED
Specification Desc./Quantity
A 43.2 mm
B 43 mm
CYLINDER- PISTON
Specification Desc./Quantity
Cylinder diameter C 85.8 - +0.018 -0.01 mm
Piston Ø P 85.768 ± 0.014 mm
CYLINDER - PISTON
COUPLING CATEGORIES
Name
Cylinder- Piston A 85.790÷85.797 85.754÷85.761 0.029÷0.043
Cylinder- Piston B 85.797÷85.804 85.761 ÷ 85.768 0.029÷0.043
Cylinder- Piston C 85.804÷85.811 85.768÷85.775 0.029÷0.043
Cylinder- Piston D 85.811÷85.818 85.775÷85.782 0.029÷0.043
CATEGORIES OF COUPLING
N.B.
THE PISTON MUST BE INSTALLED WITH THE ARROW FACING TOWARDS THE EXHAUST SIDE,
THE PISTON RINGS MUST BE INSTALLED WITH THE WORD «TOP» OR THE STAMPED MARK
FACING UPWARDS.
Initials Cylinder Piston Play on fitting
Piston rings
* Fit rings «2» and «3» with the word «TOP» facing upwards.
** Position the openings in the rings as shown here.
*** Value «A» of sealing ring inside the cylinder
**** Ring opening
CHAR - 13
Characteristics X8 400 Euro 3
SEAL RINGS
Specification Desc./Quantity
1st compression ring 0.150 ÷0.300
2nd compression ring 0.250 ÷0.500
Oil scraper ring 0.250 ÷0.500
SEAL RINGS
Crankcase - crankshaft - connecting rod
Diameter of crankshaft bearings.
Measure the bearings on both axes x-y.
CRANKSHAFT
Specification
Cat. 1 Standard diameter: 40.020÷40.026
Cat. 2 Standard diameter: 40.026÷40.032
Crankshaft alignment
Specific tooling
020335Y Magnetic support for dial gauge
MAX. ADMISSIBLE DISPLACEMENT
Specification
A = 0.15 mm
B = 0.010 mm
C = 0.010 mm
D = 0.10 mm
Desc./Quantity
Desc./Quantity
Crankcase / countershaft coupling
Besides considering it should match the crankshaft, the crankcase is chosen according to the centre
to centre distance between the seat of the crankshaft and that of the contra-rotating shaft.
Both the centre to centre distance and the pair of gears driving the contra-rotating shaft are divided into
two types (A and B) to be matched (A with A and B with B).
CHAR - 14
X8 400 Euro 3 Characteristics
This selection is useful to keep the difference between the working distance of the gears and their
distance without clearance at a given value in order to avoid abnormal noise.
TYPE A
Specification Desc./Quantity
Centre to centre distance of the gears without clearance 76.937 ÷ 76.867
Centre to centre distance on the crankcase 77.022 ÷ 76.992
TYPE B
Specification Desc./Quantity
Centre to centre distance of the gears without clearance 76.907 ÷ 76.837
Centre to centre distance on the crankcase 76.992 ÷ 76.962
The gears with centre to centre distance without clearance between 76.867 and 76.907 are considered
universal and can be fitted to either crankcase type.
Either the pair of gears or the crankcase is identified with the letter referring to the type (on the crankcase, this mark is found at the cylinder mouth, flywheel side).
AXIAL CLEARANCE BETWEEN CRANKSHAFT AND CONNECTING ROD
Name
Transmission-side
shoulder
Half-shaft, transmission
side
Connecting rod 22 -0.10 -0.15 C D = 0.20 - 0.50
Flywheel-side shoulder 1.8±0.025 F D = 0.20 - 0.50
Flywheel-side half-shaft 19.6 -0.05 E D = 0.20 - 0.50
Complete crankshaft 65.5 +0.10 -0.05 G D = 0.20 - 0.50
Description Dimensions Initials Quantity
1±0.025 A D = 0.20 - 0.50
20.9 -0.05 B D = 0.20 - 0.50
CHAR - 15
Characteristics X8 400 Euro 3
Characteristic
crankshaft / crankcase axial clearance:
0.1 ÷ 0.405 mm
Slot packing system
Shimming system for keeping the compression ratio
DISTANCE «A» IS A PROTRUSION OR RECESS VALUE OF
THE PISTON CROWN WITH RESPECT TO THE CYLINDER
PLANE.
DISTANCE «A» HELPS DETERMINE THE THICKNESS OF
GASKET «B» THAT HAS TO BE FITTED TO THE CYLINDER
HEAD IN ORDER TO RESTORE COMPRESSION RATIO.
BASE GASKET «B» MUST BE THICKER THE MORE THE
PLANE FORMED BY THE PISTON TOP PROTRUDES
FROM THE PLANE FORMED BY THE CYLINDER HEAD. ON
THE OTHER HAND, THE MORE THE PISTON TOP IS RECESSED INTO THE CYLINDER TOP PLANE, THE SMALLER THE GASKET THICKNESS.
Characteristic
Compression ratio
10.6 ± 0.5 : 1
BASE GASKET THICKNESS
Name
«A» MEASURE TAKEN - 0.185 - - 0.10 0.4 ± 0.05
«A» MEASURE TAKEN - 0.10 - + 0.10 0.6 ± 0.05
«A» MEASURE TAKEN + 0.10 ÷ + 0.185 0.8 ± 0.05
N.B.
VALUES INDICATED WITH «-» REFER TO PISTON CROWN RECESSES WITH RESPECT TO THE
CYLINDER PLANE.
N.B.
DISTANCE «A» MUST BE MEASURED WITHOUT ANY GASKET FITTED AT «B»
Measure A Thickness
CHAR - 16
X8 400 Euro 3 Characteristics
Products
PRODUCTS
Product Description Specifications
AGIP ROTRA 80W-90 Rear hub oil SAE 80W/90 Oil that exceeds the re-
AGIP FILTER OIL Oil for air filter sponge Mineral oil with specific additives for in-
AGIP CITY HI TEC 4T Engine oil SAE 5W-40, API SL, ACEA A3, JASO MA
AGIP BRAKE 4 Brake fluid FMVSS DOT 4 Synthetic fluid
SPECIAL AGIP PERMANENT fluid coolant Monoethylene glycol-based antifreeze
AUTOSOL METAL POLISH Muffler cleaning paste Specific product for cleaning and polish-
AGIP GP 330 Grease for brake levers, throttle White calcium complex soap-based
AGIP CITY TEC 2T Mixer oil synthetic oil for 2-stroke engines: JASO
quirements of API GL3 specifications
creased adhesiveness
Synthetic oil
fluid, CUNA NC 956-16
ing stainless steel mufflers
spray grease with NLGI 2; ISO-L-XBCIB2
FC, ISO-L-EGD
CHAR - 17
INDEX OF TOPICS
TOOLING TOOL
X8 400 Euro 3 Tooling
ATTREZZATURA SPECIFICA BUONA
Stores code Description
001330Y Tool for fitting steering seats
001467Y002 Driver for OD 73 mm bearing
001467Y006 Pliers to extract 20 mm bearings
001467Y007 Driver for OD 54-mm bearings
001467Y008 Pliers to extract 17 mm ø bearings
001467Y014 Pliers to extract ø 15-mm bearings
TOOL - 19
Tooling X8 400 Euro 3
Stores code Description
001467Y031 Bell
001467Y034 Pliers to extract ø 15-mm bearings
001467Y035 Belle for OD 47-mm bearings
002465Y Pliers for circlips
006029Y Punch for fitting fifth wheel seat on steer-
020004Y Punch for removing fifth wheels from
ing tube
headstock
TOOL - 20
X8 400 Euro 3 Tooling
Stores code Description
020055Y Wrench for steering tube ring nut
020150Y Air heater support
020151Y Air heater
020193Y Oil pressure gauge
020201Y Spacer bushing driving tube
020262Y Crankcase splitting strip
020306Y Punch for assembling valve sealing rings
TOOL - 21
Tooling X8 400 Euro 3
Stores code Description
020329Y MityVac vacuum-operated pump
020330Y Stroboscopic light to check timing
020331Y Digital multimeter
020333Y Single battery charger
020334Y Multiple battery charger
TOOL - 22
X8 400 Euro 3 Tooling
Stores code Description
020335Y Magnetic support for dial gauge
020357Y 32x35-mm Adaptor
020358Y 37x40-mm Adaptor
020359Y 42x47-mm Adaptor
020360Y 52x55-mm Adaptor
020364Y 25-mm guide
020376Y Adaptor handle
020382Y012 bush (valve removing tool)
TOOL - 23
Tooling X8 400 Euro 3
Stores code Description
020412Y 15 mm guide
020424Y Driven pulley roller casing fitting punch
020431Y Valve oil seal extractor
020434Y Oil pressure control fitting
020439Y 17 mm guide
TOOL - 24
X8 400 Euro 3 Tooling
Stores code Description
020444Y Tool for fitting/ removing the driven pulley
020456Y Ø 24 mm adaptor
020458Y Puller for lower bearing on steering tube
clutch
020459Y Punch for fitting bearing on steering tube
020460Y Scooter diagnosis and tester
020467Y Flywheel extractor
TOOL - 25
Tooling X8 400 Euro 3
Stores code Description
020468Y Piston fitting band
020469Y Reprogramming kit for scooter diagnostic
020470Y Pin retainers installation tool
020471Y Pin for countershaft timing
tester
TOOL - 26
020472Y Flywheel lock wrench
X8 400 Euro 3 Tooling
Stores code Description
020474Y Driving pulley lock wrench
020475Y Piston position checking tool
020476Y Stud bolt set
020478Y Punch for driven pulley roller casing
020479Y Countershaft lock wrench
020480Y Petrol pressure check set
TOOL - 27
Tooling X8 400 Euro 3
Stores code Description
020481Y Control unit interface wiring
020482Y Engine support
020483Y 30 mm guide
020512Y Piston fitting fork
020527Y Engine support base
020604Y011 Fitting adapter
020565Y Flywheel lock calliper spanner
TOOL - 28
X8 400 Euro 3 Tooling
Stores code Description
Marelli MIU diagnosis software Marelli MIU diagnosis software
020640y software euro 3
TOOL - 29
INDEX OF TOPICS
MAINTENANCE MAIN
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