Philips EM5A P-M AA Service Manual

Colour Television Chassis

EM5A P/M

CL 26532079_000.eps

240702

Contents Page Contents Page

1. Technical Specifications, Connections and Chassis Overview 2

2. Safety & Maintenance Instructions, Warnings and Notes 4

3. Directions for Use 6

4. Mechanical Instructions 17

5. Service Modes, Error Codes and Faultfinding 21

6. Block Diagram, Testpoints, and Overviews Wiring Diagram 31 Block Diagram Supply and Deflection 32 Block Diagram Video 33 Block Diagram Audio 34

C-IC Overview 35 Supply Lines Overview 36 Testpoint Overview LSP & CRT/Auto SCAVEM 37 Testpoint Overview SSB 38

7. Electrical Diagrams and PWB’s Diagram CBA Main Supply (Diagram A1) 39 49-55 Stand-by Supply (Diagram A2) 40 49-55 Line Deflection (Diagram A3) 41 49-55 Frame Deflection & E/W Drive (Diagram A4) 42 49-55 Rotation Circuitry (Diagram A5) 43 49-55 Audio Amplifier (Diagram A6) 44 49-55 Tuner SIMM connector (Female) (Diagram A8) 45 49-55 Receiver (Diagram A9) 46 49-55 Front (Diagram A10) 46 49-55 Inputs/Outputs (Diagram A11) 47 49-55 Diversity Tables LSP 48 SIMM connector (Male) (Diagram B1) 56 66-75 IF, I/O Videoprocessing (Diagram B2) 57 66-75 PICNIC (Diagram B3A) 58 66-75 Diversity Tables SSB 59 66-75 Falconic (Diagram B3B)60 66-75 Eagle (Diagram B3C)61 66-75

Copyright 2002 Philips Consumer Electronics B.V. Eindhoven, The Netherlands. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise without the prior permission of Philips.

HOP (Diagram B4) 62 66-75 OTC (Diagram B5) 63 66-75 Audio Demodulator (Diagram B6) 64 66-75 Anti Moiré (Diagram B9) 65 66-75 Headphone Amplifier (Diagram B10) 65 66-75 DW Panel: Multi PIP Contr. (Diagram C1) 76 80-81 DW Panel: Tuner (Diagram C2) 77 80-81 DW Panel: I/O Processing (Diagram C3) 78 80-81 DW Panel: IF Video Sync (Diagram C4) 79 80-81 AC Power Switch Panel 1 (Diagram E) 82 83 AC Power Switch Panel 2 (Diagram E) 84 85 CRT 1(Diagram F1) 86 88-89 CRT/Auto Scavem Panel 1 (Diagram F2) 87 88-89 CRT 2 (Diagram F1) 90 92-93 CRT/Auto Scavem Panel 2 (Diagram F2) 91 92-93 DC Shift Panel(Diagram G) 94 94 VDAF + 2nd Orders Panel (Diagram I) 95 96 HD Jack Panel: Control (Diagram N1) 97 100 HD Jack Panel: Inputs/Outputs (Diagram N2) 98 100 HD Jack Panel: Sync Slicer (Diagram N3) 99 100 HD Jack Panel: Matrix (Diagram N4) 99 100 Side I/O Panel (Diagram O) 101 102 Top Control 1 (Diagram P) 103 103 Top Control 2 (Diagram P) 104 104 Auto SCAVEM(Diagram SC1) 105 106

8. Alignments 107

9. Circuit Description 116 Abbreviation List 140 IC Data Sheets 142

10 Spare Parts List 143

Published by WO 0271 Service PaCE Printed in the Netherlands Subject to modification EN 3122 785 12611

EN 2 EM5A P/M1.

Technical Specifications, Connections and Chassis Overview

1. Technical Specifications, Connections and Chassis Overview

1.1 Technical Specifications

1.1.1 Reception

Tuning system : PLL Color systems (off-air) : NTSC M (3.58 - 4.5)

: PAL B/G, PAL B/G

60Hz, PAL D/K, PAL I, PAL M

: SECAM B/G, SECAM

D/K

Sound systems : FM/FM (5.5-5.74) (B/

G) : 2CS D/K : NICAM B/G (5.5-

5.85), NICAM D/K

(6.5-5.85), NICAM I

(6.0-6.52) : NICAM L (6.5(AM)-

5.85)

A/V connections : NTSC M (3.58 - 4.5)

: PAL B/G, PAL B/G

60Hz, PAL D/K, PAL I,

PAL M : SECAM B/G, SECAM

D/K

Channel selections : 100 channels/presets

: Full-cable, UVSH

Aerial input : 75 ohm, Coax

Rear Connections

RGB

AUDIO AUDIO

MONITOR

AV1

OUT

PrLR

R COMPONENT VIDEO INPUT

AV2

S-VIDEO

CL 26532058_009.eps

060601

75 Ohm

SERVICE

CONNECTOR

(COMPAIR)

AV4 IN AV3 IN

AUDIO

OUT

Figure 1-2 Rear View

Monitor out

1 - Video 1 Vpp / 75 ohm  2 - Audio L (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm)  3 - Audio R (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm) 

Audio-out

1 - Audio S (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm)  2 - Audio L (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm)  3 - Audio R (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm) 

1.1.2 Miscellaneous

AC voltage : Auto multi voltage /

220V-240V

AC frequency : 50 / 60Hz Ambient temperature : + 5 to + 45 deg. C. Standby Power consumption : <1 W

1.2 Connections

1.2.1 Front Controls / Side Connections

IR-RECEIVER

STANDBY LED

LIGHT SENSOR

Figure 1-1 Front, Top control and Side I/O

S-Video

1 - Gnd  2 - Gnd  3 - Y 1 Vpp / 75 ohm  4 - C 0.3 Vpp / 75 ohm 

Audio / video

1 - Video 1 Vpp / 75 ohm  2 - Audio L (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm)  3 - Audio R (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm)  4 - Headphone

(3.5mm) (32 - 2000 ohm / 10 mW) 

SK 1

P/CHVOLUME

SVHS

VIDEO

CL 26532058_008.eps

AUDIO R

AUDIO L

290502

AV1 in

1 - Y 0.7 Vpp / 75 ohm  2 - Pb 0.7 Vpp / 75 ohm  3 - Pr 0.7 Vpp / 75 ohm 

AV1 in

4 - Video 1 Vpp / 75 ohm  5 - Audio L (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm)  6 - Audio R (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm) 

AV2 in

1 - Video 1 Vpp / 75 ohm  2 - Audio L (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm)  3 - Audio R (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm) 

AV2 in (SVHS)

1 - Gnd  2 - Gnd  3 - Y 1 Vpp / 75 ohm  4 - C 0.3 Vpp / 75 ohm 

3.5

AV3 in (D-sub connector)

1 - Pr (R) 0.35 Vpp (0.7 Vpp) / 75 ohm  2 - Y (G) 0.7 Vpp (0.7 Vpp) / 75 ohm  3 - Pb (B) 0.35 Vpp (0.7 Vpp) / 75 ohm  4 - H 5 Vpp / 1 kohm  5 - V 5 Vpp / 1 kohm 

AV3 and AV4 in (cinches)

1 - Y (G) 0.7 Vpp (0.7 Vpp) / 75 ohm  2 - Pb (B) 0.35 Vpp (0.7 Vpp) / 75 ohm  3 - Pr (R) 0.35 Vpp (0.7 Vpp) / 75 ohm 

AV3 and AV4 in

1 - Audio L (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm)  2 - Audio R (0.5 Vrms / 10 kohm) 

Technical Specifications, Connections and Chassis Overview

1.3 Chassis Overview

EN 3EM5A P/M 1.

CRT PANEL

SIDE I/O PANEL

JACK HIGH

DEFINITION INTERFACE

AUTO-SCAVEM

PIP/DOUBLE

WINDOW PANEL (optional)

TOP CONTROL PANEL

SMALL SIGNAL BOARD

MAINSWITCH PANEL

LARGE SIGNAL PANEL

DC-SHIFT (optional)

DAF PANEL

CL 26532079_001.eps

170702

Figure 1-3 PWB location

EN 4 EM5A P/M2.

Safety and Maintenance Instructions, Warnings, and Notes

2. Safety and Maintenance Instructions, Warnings, and Notes

2.1 Safety Instructions

Safety regulations require that during a repair:

• Due to the chassis concept, a very large part of the chassis (including horizontal and vertical deflection) is 'hot.' Connect the set to AC power via an isolation transformer.

• Safety components, indicated by the symbol replaced with original Philips components.

• Wear safety goggles when you replace the CRT.

Safety regulations require that after a repair, you must return the set in its original condition. Pay particular attention to the following points:

• General repair instruction: as a strict precaution, we advise you to resolder the solder connections through which the horizontal deflection current is flowing, in particular:

1. All pins of the line output transformer (LOT.)

2. Flyback capacitor(s.)

3. S-correction capacitor(s.)

4. Line output transistor.

5. Pins of the connector with wires to the deflection coil.

6. Other components through which the deflection current

flows.

Note: This resoldering is advised to prevent bad connections due to metal fatigue in solder connections and is therefore only necessary for television sets more than two years old.

• Route the wire trees and EHT cable correctly and secure them with the mounted cable clamps.

• Check the insulation of the AC power cord for external damage.

• Check the strain relief of the AC power cord for proper function, to prevent the cord from touching the CRT, hot components, or heat sinks.

• Check the electrical DC resistance between the AC plug and the secondary side (only for sets that have an isolated power supply.) To do this:

1. Unplug the AC power cord and connect a wire between

the two pins of the AC plug.

2. Set the AC power switch to the “on” position (keep the

AC power cord unplugged.)

3. Measure the resistance value between the pins of the

AC plug and the metal shielding of the tuner or the aerial connection of the set. The reading should be between 4.5 Mohm and 12 Mohm.

• Check the cabinet for defects, to prevent the customer from touching any inner parts of the television set.

2.2 Maintenance Instructions

It is recommended to have a maintenance inspection carried out by qualified service personnel. The interval depends on the usage conditions:

• When the set is used under normal circumstances, for example in a living room, the recommended interval is three to five years.

• When the set is used in an environment with higher dust, grease or moisture levels, for example in a kitchen, the recommended interval is one year.

• The maintenance inspection includes the following actions:

1. Perform the “general repair instruction” noted above.

2. Clean the power supply and deflection circuitry on the

chassis.

3. Clean the picture tube panel and the neck of the picture

tube.

2.3 Warnings

• In order to prevent damage to ICs and transistors, avoid all high voltage flashovers. In order to prevent damage to the

, must be

picture tube, use the method shown in Fig. 2-1 to discharge the picture tube. Use a high voltage probe and a multimeter (position Vdc.) Discharge until the meter reading is 0 V (after approx. 30s.)

CL96532156_040.eps

Figure 2-1 Discharge picture tube

• All ICs and many other semiconductors are susceptible to electrostatic discharges (ESD.) Careless handling during repair can reduce life drastically. When repairing, make sure that you are connected with the same potential as the mass of the set by a wristband with resistance. Also keep components and tools at this potential.

• Available ESD protection equipment: – Complete kit ESD3 (small table mat, wristband,

connection box, extension cable, and ground cable) 4822 310 10671.

– Wristband tester 4822 344 13999.

• Together with the deflection unit and any multi-pole unit, flat square picture tubes form an integrated unit. The deflection and the multi-pole units are set optimally at the factory. Adjustment of this unit during repair is therefore not recommended.

• Be careful during measurements in the high voltage section and on the picture tube.

• Never replace modules or other components while the unit is switched “on.”

• When you align the set, use plastic rather than metal tools. This will prevent any short circuits and the danger of a circuit becoming unstable.

2.4 Notes

2.4.1 General

• Measure the voltages and waveforms with regard to the chassis (= tuner) ground (), or hot ground (), depending on the area of circuitry being tested.

• The voltages and waveforms shown in the diagrams are indicative. Measure them in the Service Default Mode with a color bar signal and stereo sound (L: 3 kHz, R: 1 kHz; unless stated otherwise).

• Where necessary, measure the waveforms and voltages with () and without () aerial signal. Measure the voltages in the power supply section both in normal operation () and in standby (.) These values are indicated by means of the appropriate symbols.

• The picture tube panel has printed spark gaps. Each spark gap is connected between an electrode of the picture tube and the Aquadag coating.

• The semiconductors indicated in the circuit diagram and in the parts lists are interchangeable per position with the semiconductors in the unit, irrespective of the type indication on these semiconductors.

• DOLBY, the double D symbol and PRO LOGIC are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. Manufactured under license from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation.

140501

Safety and Maintenance Instructions, Warnings, and Notes

Figure 2-2 Dolby Pro Logic Symbol.

2.4.2 Practical Service Precautions

• It makes sense to avoid exposure to electrical shock.

While some sources are expected to have a possible dangerous impact, others of quite high potential are of limited current and are sometimes held in less regard.

• Always respect voltages. While some may not be

dangerous in themselves, they can cause unexpected reactions - reactions that are best avoided. Before reaching into a powered TV set, it is best to test the high voltage insulation. It is easy to do, and is a good service precaution.

• Before powering up the TV set with the back cover off

(or on a test fixture), attach a clip lead to the CRT DAG ground and to a screwdriver blade that has a well insulated handle. After the TV is powered on and high voltage has developed, probe the anode lead with the blade, starting at the case of the High Voltage Transformer (flyback - IFT.) Move the blade to within two inches of the connector of the CRT. If there is an arc, you found it the easy way, without getting a shock! If there is an arc to the screwdriver blade, replace the part which is causing the problem; the High Voltage Transformer or the lead (if it is removable.

EN 5EM5A P/M 2.

EN 6 EM5A P/M3.

3. Directions for Use

Directions for Use

EN 7EM5A P/M 3.

EN 8 EM5A P/M3.

Directions for Use

EN 9EM5A P/M 3.

EN 10 EM5A P/M3.

Directions for Use

EN 11EM5A P/M 3.

EN 12 EM5A P/M3.

Directions for Use

EN 13EM5A P/M 3.

EN 14 EM5A P/M3.

Directions for Use

EN 15EM5A P/M 3.

EN 16 EM5A P/M3.

Directions for Use

4. Mechanical Instructions

Mechanical Instructions

EN 17EM5A P/M 4.

Index of this chapter:

1. Service Connector (for ComPair)

2. Set Disassembly

3. Service Positions

4. Assembly / Board Removal

5. Set Reassembly

Note: Figures below can deviate from the actual product, due to different set designs.

4.1 Service Connector (for ComPair)

To perform service diagnostics with ComPair, it is not necessary to disassemble the set. You simply have to connect the ComPair interface box, with the appropriate cable, to the service connector (on the rear of the set, see figure below), and start the ComPair program (see chapter “Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding”).

4.2 Set Disassembly

Follow the disassembly instructions below.

4.2.1 Back Cover Removal

There is no problem when the subwoofer is disconnected before operation, but a change from connected to disconnected during operation can damage the amplifier.

1. Disconnect the loudspeaker cable at the top of the subwoofer box.

2. The subwoofer is fixed in the bottom plate with two “rubber feet”.

3. Pull the subwoofer box upwards, and remove it.

4.3 Service Positions

This chassis has several predefined service positions, for better accessibility. They are explained below in more detail.

4.3.1 Control-Jack-High-Definition-Interface Panel Solder Side

Service connector

CL 26532058_011.eps

Figure 4-1 Rear Cover Removal

Warning: Disconnect the AC power cord before you remove

the back cover.

First, remove the top cover (plate with “saucer”):

1. Remove the three screws [1] that hold the cover plate.

2. Pull the cover (horizontally) backward.

To access the electronics of the set, you must remove the back cover:

1. Remove the screws [2] of the rear jack panel cover plate.

2. Remove the remaining screws [3] at the two sides, and the top of the back cover.

3. Remove the back cover. Make sure that wires and cables are not damaged while removing the cover.

4.2.2 Subwoofer Removal

Caution: Do not disconnect the loudspeaker cable from the

subwoofer box while the set is operating, because the class-D amplifier cannot handle a change in load during operation.

040602

CL 26532058_012.eps

290502

Figure 4-2 Service position 1

To remove or access the “Control-Jack-High-DefinitionInterface” panel, do the following:

1. Remove the screw [1].

2. To release the peg, push it toward the CRT [2].

3. At the same time, pull the complete module away from the LSP [3]. It hinges in the LSP bracket.

4. To remove the panel, remove the four panel screws [4].

4.3.2 LSP Component Side

SSB top-bracket

SSB

AUTO-SCAVEM

bracket

CONNECTOR SUPPORT

bracket

Bottom tray

LOT - bracket

LSP

CL 26532058_013.eps

290502

Figure 4-3 Service position 2

EN 18 EM5A P/M4.

Mechanical Instructions

To better access the component side of the LSP, do the following (see figure above):

1. Remove the LSP bracket from the bottom tray by pulling it backwards.

2. Hook the bracket in the first row of holes of the bottom tray. In other words, reposition the bracket from [1] to [2].

4.3.3 LSP Solder Side

1502

To access the SSB test points, do the following:

CL 26532058_015.eps

Figure 4-5 SSB removal (part 1)

1. Put the LSP in service position 2 (as described above).

2. Release the two clamps at the top of the SSB bracket [2] and pull the bracket upward (it hinges in the bracket on the LOT side).

3. You can now remove the complete SSB bracket.

290502

CL 26532058_014.eps

290502

Figure 4-4 Service position 3

To access the bottom side (solder side) of the LSP, do the following (see figure above):

1. Remove the DAF module (see paragraph “DAF Assembly/ Panel” below).

2. To disconnect the degaussing coil from the LSP, remove the cable from connector 1502 [1].

3. Release the wires from their clamps to make room to reposition the LSP.

4. Turn the LSP 90 degrees clockwise [2], and place it in the hole at the left side of the bottom tray [3].

SSB

CL 26532041_068.eps

110402

Figure 4-6 SSB removal (part 2)

1. Push the top of the SSB toward the LOT [1].

2. Due to the pressure, the two metal clamps at both sides of the SIMM-connector will release [2].

3. Take the complete SSB out [3].

4.3.4 Small Signal Board (SSB)

There is no predefined service position for the SSB. Most test points are located on the A-side (the side that faces the tuner). If you have to replace ICs, you must take the complete SSB module out of the SIMM-connector. Note: For access to the A-side, it is necessary to remove the Auto-Scavem assembly (at the left side of the SSB). See the description in the “Auto-Scavem Assembly/Panel” section below.

Mechanical Instructions

4.4.2 Side-I/O Assembly and Panel

SAM SDM

EN 19EM5A P/M 4.

SSB

CL 26532041_069.eps

Figure 4-7 SSB removal (part 3)

1. Once you have taken out the SSB, remove the shieldings [2]. Sometimes it is necessary to unsolder some solder tags before doing this [1].

2. Replace the SSB module in the SIMM-connector in reverse order.

Notes:

• For better access to the SSB, it is possible to order an “extension board,” which is part number 9965 000 05769.

• If it is necessary for measurements, you can put the LSP in “service position 2” (as described above).

4.4 Assembly / Board Removal

Sometimes, it may be necessary to swap a complete assembly or Printed Wiring Board (PWB). This procedure is explained below.

4.4.1 Top Control Assembly/Panel

110402

Figure 4-9 Side I/O assembly

1. Release the snap hook [1] with your finger.

2. At the same time, pull the assembly backward [2].

3. Release the two clamps on the right side of the bracket (the board hinges at the left side).

4. Remove the board from the bracket.

4.4.3 Mains Switch Assembly/Panel

CL 16532149_069.eps

061201

CL 16532149_070.eps

061201

Top control board

CL 16532149_068.eps

Figure 4-8 Top control assembly

1. Release both screws (about 5 full turns).

2. Pull the complete assembly back and upwards (the assembly hinges in the cabinet front).

3. Flip the assembly, and you can access the board by (carefully) releasing the four clamps.

051201

Figure 4-10 Mains Switch Assembly

1. Release the two clamps by pushing them upward [1]. At the

same time, pull the complete assembly backward [2]. Note: Be aware that the degaussing coil may hamper this.

2. Release the two clamps on the two sides of the bracket (the board hinges at the connector side).

3. Remove the board from the bracket.

4. If the light guide (located in the cabinet, in front of the LEDs) is defective, you can replace it by pushing it forward at the left side (it hinges at the right side, seen from the rear).

EN 20 EM5A P/M4.

Mechanical Instructions

4.4.4 DAF Assembly/Panel

CL 16532044_011.eps

Figure 4-11 DAF module

1. Remove the screw [1] (if present).

2. Push the clamp [2] down, and, at the same time, pull the complete bracket away from the CRT [3]. The module is now free from the LSP bracket.

3. Release the clamps [4], in order to remove the board from its bracket.

4.4.5 Auto-SCAVEM Assembly/Panel

This panel is placed on the left side of the SSB (See figure “Service Position 2”). Because most of its components are located on the bottom side, you must lift the panel from its bracket before you can perform measurements.

1. Release the two clamps at the top.

2. Lift the panel from the bracket (it hinges at the bottom).

To remove the bracket:

1. First, remove the panel from the bracket, as described above.

2. Remove the two screws at the bottom.

3. Lift the Auto-Scavem bracket slightly up, and at the same time bend the top slightly away from the tuner.

4. Push the bracket in the direction of the CRT, and lift it out of the LSP-bracket.

150501

This panel is placed in a bracket that is located on the left side of the tuner. To remove the bracket:

1. Pull the release handle [1] backwards. This will lift the release catch, and the bracket can be pulled out backwards.

2. Release the two securing clamps [2] and lift the board out of the bracket.

3. Both sides of the panel are now easy accessible.

4.4.7 Small Signal Board (SSB)

See section “Small Signal Board (SSB)” above.

4.4.8 Large Signal Panel (LSP)

1. Remove the SSB (see paragraph “Small Signal Board (SSB)” above).

2. Remove the Auto-Scavem assembly (see paragraph “Auto Scavem Assembly/Panel” above).

3. Disconnect the necessary cables.

4. Release the clamps on the left of the LSP-bracket (the board hinges at the right side).

5. Remove the board from the bracket.

4.5 Set Reassembly

To reassemble the set, perform all disassembly processes in reverse order.

Before replacing the back cover:

• Be sure the AC power cord is mounted correctly in its guiding brackets.

• Be sure all wires/cables are returned to their original positions. This is very important due to the large “hot” area of the set

4.4.6 Double Window Assembly/Panel (optional)

Figure 4-12 Double Window module

DW - MODULE

CL 26532079_002.eps

210602

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

5. Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

EN 21EM5A P/M 5.

Index of this chapter:

1. Test Points

2. Service Modes

3. Problems and Solving Tips (related to CSM)

4. ComPair

5. Error Codes

6. Blinking LED Procedure

7. Protections

8. Repair Tips

5.1 Test Points

The chassis is equipped with test points printed on the circuit board assemblies. They refer to the diagram letters. The numbering is in a logical sequence for diagnostics. Always start diagnosing (within a functional block), in the sequence of the relevant test points for that block.

Perform measurements under the following conditions:

• Service Default Mode.

• Video: colour bar signal.

• Audio: 3 kHz left, 1 kHz right.

5.2 Service Modes

Service Default Mode (SDM) and Service Alignment Mode (SAM) offer several features for the service technician, while the Customer Service Mode (CSM) is used for communication between a Philips Customer Care Centre (P3C) and a customer.

There is also the option of using ComPair, a hardware interface between a computer (see requirements below) and the TV chassis. It offers the ability of structured troubleshooting, test pattern generation, error code reading, software version readout, and on some chassis software upgrading. Minimum requirements: a Pentium processor, Windows 9x/ NT/2000/XP/ME, and a CD-ROM drive (see also paragraph “ComPair”).

5.2.1 Service Default Mode (SDM)

Purpose

• To create a pre-defined setting, to get the same measurement results as given in this manual.

• To override SW protections.

• To start the blinking LED procedure.

Specifications

• Tuning frequency 475.25 MHz for PAL/SECAM sets.

• TV-system is set to PAL-BG.

• All picture settings at 50 % (brightness, colour, contrast).

• All sound settings at 50 %, except volume at 25 %.

• All service-unfriendly modes (if present) are disabled, like: – (Sleep) timer. – Child/parental lock. – Blue mute. – Automatic volume limiter (AVL). – Auto switch-off (when no video signal was received for

10 minutes). – Skip/blank of non-favourite pre-sets. – Smart modes. – Auto store of personal presets. – Auto user menu time-out.

How to enter SDM

Use one of the following methods:

• Use the standard RC-transmitter and key in the code '062596', directly followed by the ‘MENU’ button.

Note: It is possible that, together with the SDM, the main menu will appear. To switch it off, press the ‘MENU’ button again.

• When you shorten for a moment the two solder pads on the “external part” of the SSB print, with the indication SDM. Activation can be performed in all modes, except when the set has a problem with the main-processor. Caution: If the SDM is entered via the pins, all the software-controlled protections are de-activated.

• Use the DST-emulation feature of ComPair.

• Use the ‘DEFAULT’ button on the Dealer Service Tool (RC7150).

After entering this mode, 'SDM' will appear in the upper right corner of the screen.

How to navigate

When you press the 'MENU' button on the RC transmitter, the set will toggle between the SDM and the normal user menu (with the SDM mode still active in the background).

How to exit SDM

Use one of the following methods:

• Switch the set to STANDBY via the RC-transmitter.

• Press the 'EXIT' button on the DST.

• Via a standard customer RC-transmitter: key in '00'sequence.

5.2.2 Service Alignment Mode (SAM)

Purpose

• To perform (software) alignments.

• To change option settings.

• To easily identify the used software version.

• To view operational hours.

• To display (or clear) the error code buffer.

Specifications

• Operation hours counter.

• Software version.

• Option settings.

• Error buffer reading and erasing.

• Software alignments.

How to enter SAM

Use one of the following methods:

• Via a standard RC transmitter: key in the code '062596' directly followed by the 'OSD [i+]' button

• Short for a moment the two solder pads on the 'external part' of the SSB print, with the indication SAM.

• Use the DST-emulation feature of ComPair.

• Press the ‘ALIGN’ button on the DST while the set is in the normal operation

After entering this mode, 'SAM' will appear in the upper right corner of the screen.

Contents of SAM:

• ‘Rom Version’ Displays the date of the software and the software version of the ROM (example: EM5EU1-1.0_01234 = AAABBC-X.Y_NNNNN). – AAA= the chassis name (EM5). – BB= the region: EU= Europe, AP= Asia Pacific PAL/

Multi, AN= Asia Pacific NTSC, US= USA, LT= LATAM.

– C= the language cluster number. – X.Y= the software version, where X is the main version

number (different numbers are not compatible with one another) and Y is the sub version number (a higher number is always compatible with a lower number).

– NNNNN= last five digits of 12nc code software.

EN 22 EM5A P/M5.

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

• ‘Operation Hours’ Displays the accumulated total of

operation hours (not the standby hours).

•‘Errors’ (followed by maximal 10 errors). The most recent

error is displayed at the upper left (for an error explanation see paragraph “Error Codes”).

• ‘Defect. Module’ Here the module that generates the error

is displayed. If there are multiple errors in the buffer, which are not all generated by a single module, there is probably another defect. It will then display the message 'Unknown' here.

• ‘Reset Error Buffer’ When you press the 'OK' button, the

error buffer is reset.

• ‘Alignments’ This will activate the 'Alignments' sub-menu.

• ‘Dealer Options’ Extra features for the dealers.

• ‘Service Options’ Extra features for Service.

• ‘Initialise NVM’ When an NVM was corrupted (or

replaced) in the former EM3 chassis, the microprocessor replaces the content with default data (to assure that the set can operate). However, all pre-sets and alignment values are gone now, and option numbers are also not correct. So, this was a very drastic way. In the EM5 chassis, the procedure is implemented in another way: The moment the processor recognises a corrupted NVM, an extra line will be added to the SAM menu: 'Initialise NVM'. Now, you can do two things (dependent of the service instructions at that moment): – Save the content of the NVM via ComPair for

development analysis, before initialising. This will give the Philips Service department an extra possibility for diagnosis (e.g. when Development asks for this).

– Initialise the NVM (same as in the past, however now it

happens conscious).

• ‘Store Options’ All options are stored when pressing the

'OK'-button

• ‘Functional Test’ All devices are tested via the 'OK'

button. Eventual errors are displayed in the error buffer. The error buffer is not erased, the content returns when this test is terminated.

How to navigate

• In SAM, you can select the menu items with the CURSOR UP/DOWN key on the RC-transmitter. The selected item will be highlighted. When not all menu items fit on the screen, move the CURSOR UP/DOWN key to display the next/previous menu items.

• With the CURSOR LEFT/RIGHT keys, it is possible to: – (De) activate the selected menu item. – Change the value of the selected menu item. – Activate the selected submenu.

How to exit SAM

Use one of the following methods:

• Press the 'MENU' button on the RC-transmitter, or

• Switch the set to STANDBY with the RC-transmitter, or

• Press the 'EXIT' button on the DST.

5.2.3 Customer Service Mode (CSM)

Purpose

When a customer is having problems with his TV-set, he can call his dealer. The service technician can then ask the customer to activate the CSM, in order to identify the status of the set. Now, the service technician can judge the severity of the complaint. In many cases, he can advise the customer how to solve the problem, or he can decide if it is necessary to visit the customer. The CSM is a read only mode; therefore, modifications in this mode are not possible.

How to enter CSM

Use one of the following methods:

• Press the 'MUTE' button on the RC-transmitter simultaneously with the 'MENU' button on the TV (top control) for (at least) 4 seconds.

• Key in the code '123654' via the standard RC transmitter.

Note: Activation of the CSM is only possible if there is no (user) menu on the screen!

How to navigate

By means of the 'CURSOR-DOWN/UP' knob on the RCtransmitter you can navigate through the five menus.

Contents of CSM

Customer Service Menu 1

• ‘Software version’ (example: EM5EU1-1.0_01234).

Displays the build in software version. In case of field problems related to software, software flash-RAM pos.7006 must be changed by a new one. Do this via soldering. You will find details of the software versions in the chapter “Software Survey” of the “Product Survey Colour Television” publication. This publication is published four times a year.

• ‘Feature Box’ The 12NC-number of the build in Feature

Box software

• ‘Set Type’ This information is very helpful for a helpdesk/

workshop as reference for further diagnosis. In this way, it is not necessary for the customer to look at the rear of the TV-set.

• ‘Code 1’ Gives the last 5 errors of the error buffer. As soon

as the built-in diagnose software has detected an error the buffer is adapted. The last occurred error is displayed on the leftmost position. Each error code is displayed as a 3digit number. When less than 10 errors occur, the rest of the buffer is empty ('000'). See also paragraph 5.5 for a description.

• ‘Code 2’ Gives the first 5 errors of the error buffer. See also

paragraph 5.5 for a description.

• ‘Volume’ Gives the last status of the volume as set by the

customer. The value can vary from 0 (volume is minimum) to 100 (volume is maximum). Volume values can be changed via the volume key on the RC-transmitter.

•‘Brightness’ Gives the last status of the brightness as set

by the customer. The value can vary from 0 (brightness is minimum) to 100 (brightness is maximum). Brightness values can be changed via the 'CURSOR LEFT' and 'CURSOR RIGHT' keys on the RC-transmitter after pressing the 'MENU' button and selecting 'PICTURE' and 'BRIGHTNESS'.

•‘Contrast’ Gives the last status of the contrast as set by the

customer. The value can vary from 0 (contrast is minimum) to 100 (contrast is maximum). Contrast values can be changed via 'CURSOR LEFT' and 'CURSOR RIGHT' keys on the RC-transmitter after pressing the 'MENU' button and selecting 'PICTURE' and 'CONTRAST'.

•‘Colour’ Gives the last status of the colour saturation, as

set by the customer. The value can vary from 0 (colour is minimum) to 100 (colour is maximum). Colour values can be changed via 'CURSOR LEFT' and 'CURSOR RIGHT' keys on the RC-transmitter after pressing the 'MENU' button and selecting 'PICTURE' and 'COLOUR'.

•‘Hue’ Only relevant for NTSC-signals (e.g. NTSC-DVD-

discs).

Customer Service Menu 2

•‘Sharpness’ Gives the sharpness value. The value can

vary from 0 (sharpness is minimum) to 7 (sharpness is maximum). In case of bad antenna signals, a too high value of the sharpness can result in a noisy picture. Sharpness values can be changed via the 'CURSOR LEFT' and 'CURSOR RIGHT' keys on the RC-transmitter after pressing the 'MENU' button and selecting 'PICTURE' and 'SHARPNESS'.

• ‘Headphone volume’ Gives the last status of the

headphone volume, as set by the customer. The value can vary from 0 (volume is minimum) to 100 (volume is maximum). Headphone volume values can be changed via

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

EN 23EM5A P/M 5.

the 'CURSOR LEFT' and 'CURSOR RIGHT' keys on the RC-transmitter after pressing the 'MENU' button and selecting 'SOUND' and 'HEADPHONE VOLUME'.

• ‘Dolby’ Indicates whether the received transmitter

transmits Dolby sound ('ON') or not ('OFF'). Attention: The presence of Dolby can only be tested by the software on the Dolby Signalling bit. If a Dolby transmission is received without a Dolby Signalling bit, this indicator will show 'OFF' even though a Dolby transmission is received.

• ‘Surround Mode’ Indicates the by the customer selected

surround mode (or automatically chosen mode). In case the set is a Non-Dolby set there will be displayed '0'. If it is a Dolby-set then is displayed: 'Stereo', '3 Stereo', '3D Surround', 'Dolby Pro Logic', 'Dolby Digital', 'Hall' or 'MPEG Multi-channel'. These settings can be influenced after pressing the 'MENU' button and selecting 'SOUND' and 'SOUND MODE'. It can also have been selected automatically by signalling bits (internal software).

• ‘Tuner Frequency’ Indicates the frequency the selected

transmitter is tuned to. The tuner frequency can be changed via the 'CURSOR LEFT' and 'CURSOR RIGHT' keys for fine tune after opening the installation menu and selecting 'INSTALL' and 'MANUAL INSTALL'.

• ‘Front L Trim’ Indicates the difference between main

volume and volume of front left speaker. Change via: 'MENU', 'SETUP', 'SPEAKERS', and 'FRONT LEFT VOLUME'. The value can vary from '-10' to '+10'

• ‘Front R Trim’ Indicates the difference between main

volume and volume of front right speaker. Change via: 'MENU', 'SETUP', 'SPEAKERS', and 'FRONT RIGHT VOLUME'. The value can vary from '-10' to '+10'

• ‘Digital Option’ Gives the selected digital mode, '100 HZ',

'Digital Scan', 'Natural Motion', 'Double Lines', or 'Pixel Plus'. Change via 'MENU', 'PICTURE', 'DIGITAL OPTIONS'.

• ‘Centre Trim’ Indicates the difference between main

volume and volume of centre speaker. Change via: 'MENU', 'SETUP', 'SPEAKERS', and 'CENTRE VOLUME' (not available when 'Surround Mode' is set to 'STEREO' or 'HALL'). The value can vary from '-10' to '+10'

• ‘TV System’ Gives information about the video system of

the selected transmitter. – BG: PAL BG signal received. – DK: PAL DK signal received. – I: PAL I signal received. – L/La: SECAM L or L’ signals received.

Customer Service Menu 3

•‘Balance’ Indicates the balance settings, between '-50' and

'+50'. Change via 'MENU', 'SOUND', and 'BALANCE'. Not applicable for Dolby Pro Logic sets.

•‘Centre mode’ Indicates if centre mode is set 'ON' or 'OFF'.

When centre mode is on, all TV speakers are used as one centre speaker. Change Centre mode via 'MENU', 'SETUP', 'SPEAKERS', and 'CENTRE MODE'.

•‘DNR’ gives the selected DNR setting (Dynamic Noise

Reduction), 'OFF', 'MINIMUM', 'MEDIUM', or 'MAXIMUM'. Change via 'MENU', 'PICTURE', 'DNR'

• ‘Noise figure’ gives the noise ratio for the selected

transmitter. This value can vary from 0 (good signal) to 127 (average signal) and to 255 (bad signal).

• ‘Source’ indicates which source is used and the signal

quality of the selected source. Source: 'TUNER', 'EXT1', 'EXT2', 'EXT3', 'EXT4', or 'SIDE'. Signal Quality: 'VIDEO/ STEREO', 'VIDEO/NICAM', 'VIDEO/SPDIF', 'S-VIDEO/ STEREO', 'S-VIDEO/NICAM', 'S-VIDEO/SPDIF', 'RGB/ STEREO', 'RGB/SPDIF', '480P/STEREO', '576P/ STEREO' or '1080i/STEREO'.

• ‘Audio System’ Gives information about the audio system

of the selected transmitter: 'Analogue Mono', 'Analogue Stereo', 'PCM 2/0', 'DD 1/0', 'DD 2/0 LtRt', 'DD 2/0 L0R0', 'DD 2/1', 'DD 2/2', 'DD 3/0', 'DD 3/1', 'DD 3/2', 'DD 1+1', 'MPEG 1/0', 'MPEG 2/0', 'MPEG 2/0 LtRt', 'MPEG 2/1', 'MPEG 2/2', 'MPEG 3/0', 'MPEG 3/1', 'MPEG 3/2', 'MPEG 1+1' or 'MPEG 2+2'.

• ‘Tuned bit’ Gives information about the tuning method of

the stored pre-set. If a channel is found via 'automatic installation', you will see the value 'Off'. When you change this (automatically found) frequency via 'fine tune' adjustment (installation menu - manual installation), the displayed value will change to 'On'. Therefore, when you see the value 'On' in this line, it is an indication that the received channel is a non-standard signal (e.g. of a VCR).

• ‘Surround Speakers’ Indicates if the surround speakers

are set 'ON' or 'OFF'. Change via 'MENU', 'SETUP', 'SPEAKERS', and 'SURROUND SPEAKERS'.

• ‘On Timer’ Indicates if the 'On Timer' is set 'ON' or 'OFF'

and if the timer is 'ON' also displays start time, start day and program number. Change via 'MENU', 'TV', 'FEATURES', and 'ON TIMER'.

• ‘Preset Lock’ indicates if the selected preset has a child

lock: 'LOCKED' or 'UNLOCKED'. Change via 'MENU', 'TV', 'FEATURES', 'CHILD LOCK', and 'CUSTOM LOCK'.

Customer Service Menu 4

• ‘Child Lock’ Indicates the last status of the general child

lock: 'UNLOCK', 'LOCK', or 'CUSTOM LOCK'. Change via 'MENU', 'TV', 'FEATURES', 'CHILD LOCK', and 'LOCK'.

• ‘Age Lock’ Indicates the last status of the EPG rating for

child lock: 'OFF', '4 years', '6 years', '8 years', '10 years', '12 years', '14 years' or '16 years'. This is only displayed if child lock is set to 'CUSTOM LOCK'

• ‘Lock After’ Indicates at what time the child lock is set:

'OFF' or e.g. '18:45' (lock time). This is only displayed if child lock is set to 'CUSTOM LOCK'

• ‘Category Lock’ Indicates the last status of the EPG

theme childlock: 'MOVIES', 'NEWS', 'SHOWS', 'SPORTS', 'CHILDREN', 'MUSIC', 'CULTURE', or 'SERIES'. This is only displayed if child lock is set to 'CUSTOM LOCK'. It is possible that more than one value is shown.

• ‘Program Category’ Indicates the theme of the selected

transmitter: 'MOVIES', 'NEWS', 'SHOWS', 'SPORTS', 'CHILDREN', 'MUSIC', 'CULTURE', or 'SERIES'.

• ‘SW Code 1’ Not applicable.

• ‘SW Code 2’ Not applicable.

• ‘TV Ratings Lock’ Only applicable for US.

• ‘Movie Ratings Lock’ Only applicable for US.

• ‘V-chip TV Status’ Only applicable for US.

Customer Service Menu 5

• ‘V-chip Movie Status’ Only applicable for US.

• ‘Options 1’ Gives the option codes of option group 1 as set

in SAM (Service Alignment Mode).

• ‘Options 2’ Gives the option codes of option group 2 as set

in SAM (Service Alignment Mode).

SW Event-log

This item contains 'software event logging' information that can be delivered to the development centre on special request.

How to exit CSM

Use one of the following methods:

• After you press a key on the RC-transmitter (with exception of the 'CHANNEL', 'VOLUME' and digit (0-9) keys), or

• After you switch the TV-set “OFF” with the mains switch.

5.3 Problems and Solving Tips (related to CSM)

Note: Below described problems are all related to the TV

settings. The procedures to change the value (or status) of the different settings are described above. New value(s) are automatically stored.

EN 24 EM5A P/M5.

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

5.3.1 Picture Problems

Snowy/noisy picture

1. Check line 24 'Noise Figure'. In case the value is 127 or higher, and the value is also high on other programs, check the aerial cable/aerial system.

2. Check lines 11 'Sharpness' and 24 'Noise Figure'. In case the value of line 11 is 3 or 4 and the value of line 24 is high (127 or higher), decrease the 'Sharpness' value.

Picture too dark

1. Press 'Smart Picture' button on the RC-transmitter. In case the picture improves, increase the 'Brightness' or the 'Contrast' value. The new value(s) are automatically stored (in 'personal' pre-set) for all TV channels.

2. Check line 7 'Brightness' and 8 'Contrast'. If the value of line 7 is low (< 10) or the value of line 8 is low (< 10), increase the 'Brightness' or the 'Contrast' value.

Picture too bright

1. Press 'Smart Picture' button on the RC-transmitter. In case the picture improves, decrease the 'Brightness' or the 'Contrast' value. The new value(s) are automatically stored (in 'personal' pre-set) for all TV channels.

2. Check lines 7 'Brightness' and 6 'Contrast'. If the value of line 7 is high (> 40) or the value of line 8 is high (> 50). Decrease the 'Brightness' value or increase the 'Contrast' value.

White line around picture elements and text

1. Press 'Smart Picture' button on the Remote Control. In case the picture improves, decrease the 'Sharpness' value. The new value is automatically stored (in “personal” preset) for all TV channels.

2. Check line 11 'Sharpness'. Decrease the 'Sharpness' value. The new value is automatically stored for all TV channels.

5.3.2 Sound Problems

No sound from left and right speaker

Check line 6 'Volume'. The value is low. Increase the value of 'Volume'. The new value(s) are automatically stored (in “personal” pre-set) for all TV channels.

Sound too loud for left and right speaker

Check line 6 'Volume'. The value is high. Decrease the value of 'LS Volume'. The new value(s) are automatically stored (in “personal” pre-set) for all TV channels.

5.4 ComPair

5.4.1 Introduction

ComPair (Computer Aided Repair) is a service tool for Philips Consumer Electronics products. ComPair is a further development on the European DST (service remote control), which allows faster and more accurate diagnostics. ComPair has three big advantages:

• ComPair helps you to quickly get an understanding on how to repair the chassis in a short time by guiding you systematically through the repair procedures.

• ComPair allows very detailed diagnostics (on I is therefore capable of accurately indicating problem areas. You do not have to know anything about I yourself because ComPair takes care of this.

• ComPair speeds up the repair time since it can automatically communicate with the chassis (when the microprocessor is working) and all repair information is directly available. When ComPair is installed together with the SearchMan electronic manual of the defective chassis, schematics and PWBs are only a mouse click away.

5.4.2 Specifications

C level) and

C commands

No picture

Check line 27 'Tuned bit'. In case the value is 'On', install the required program again. Open the installation menu and perform manual installation.

Blue picture

1. No proper signal is received. Check the aerial cable/aerial system.

Blue picture and/or unstable picture

1. A scrambled or decoded signal is received.

Black and white picture

Check line 9 'Colour'. In case the value is low (< 10), increase the 'Colour' value. The new value is automatically stored for all TV channels.

No colours/colour lines around picture elements or colours not correct or unstable picture

1. Check line 20 'TV System'. If a “strange” system pop's up, something has gone wrong during installation. Re-install the channel.

Menu text not sharp enough

1. Press 'Smart Picture' button on the RC-transmitter. In case picture improves, decrease the contrast value. The new value(s) are automatically stored for all TV channels.

2. Check line 8 'Contrast'. The value of line 8 is high (> 50). Decrease the contrast value.

ComPair consists of a Windows based faultfinding program and an interface box between PC and the (defective) product. The ComPair interface box is connected to the PC via a serial or RS232 cable. In case of the EM5 chassis, the ComPair interface box and the TV communicate via a bi-directional service cable via the service connector.

The ComPair faultfinding program is able to determine the problem of the defective television. ComPair can gather diagnostic information in two ways:

• Automatic (by communication with the television):

ComPair can automatically read out the contents of the entire error buffer. Diagnosis is done on I can access the I and receive I

C bus of the television. ComPair can send

C commands to the micro controller of the television. In this way, it is possible for ComPair to communicate (read and write) to devices on the I

C level. ComPair

C busses

of the TV-set.

• Manually (by asking questions to you): Automatic

diagnosis is only possible if the micro controller of the television is working correctly and only to a certain extends. When this is not the case, ComPair will guide you through the faultfinding tree by asking you questions (e.g. Does the

screen give a picture? Click on the correct answer: YES / NO) and showing you examples (e.g. Measure test-point I7 and click on the correct oscillogram you see on the oscilloscope). You can answer by clicking on a link (e.g.

text or a waveform picture) that will bring you to the next step in the faultfinding process.

By a combination of automatic diagnostics and an interactive question / answer procedure, ComPair will enable you to find most problems in a fast and effective way.

Beside fault finding, ComPair provides some additional features like:

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

EN 25EM5A P/M 5.

• Up- or downloading of pre-sets.

• Managing of pre-set lists.

• Emulation of the Dealer Service Tool (DST).

• If both ComPair and SearchMan (Electronic Service Manual) are installed, all the schematics and the PWBs of the set are available by clicking on the appropriate hyperlink. Example: Measure the DC-voltage on capacitor C2568 (Schematic/Panel) at the Mono-carrier. – Click on the “Panel” hyperlink to automatically show

the PWB with a highlighted capacitor C2568.

– Click on the “Schematic” hyperlink to automatically

show the position of the highlighted capacitor.

5.4.3 Stepwise Start-up / Shut-down

Under normal circumstances, a fault in the power supply, or an error during start-up, will switch the television to protection mode. ComPair can take over the initialisation of the television. In this way it is possible to distinguish which part of the start-up routine (hence which circuitry) is causing the problem.

Stepwise start- up explanation

This is realised via ComPair and is very helpful when a

protection is activated (see also paragraph “Protections”).

Table 5-1 Stepwise start-up table

State Description mode Display LED

(Red)

0 Low power stdby:

On None 5V2/3V3 present, uP in stdby-mode

1 High power Stdby:

TV-set in stdby-mode

2 SSB is powered by std-

by-supply (5V/8V).

Wait 1s, flash

1 x

Wait 1s, flash

2 x Degaussing (12 s) has been activated.

3 Semi stdby-mode:

HIP, HOP, MSP and

Wait 1s, flash

3 x Tuner initialized leading to semi stdbymode.

4 All ICs are initialized,

HOP activates the

Wait 1s, flash

4 x main supply, EHT-generation starts, black current stabilization is on

5TV On:

TV-set operates, un-

Wait 1s, flash

5 x blanked picture.

Stepwise shut-down explanation

In the stepwise shutdown mode, state 2 and 4 are skipped.

Enabled protection

None

1, 4, 5, 6 & 18

Plus 2 & 16

Table 5-2 Stepwise shut-down table

State Description mode Display LED

(Red) (*)

5TV On:

TV-set operates, un-

Wait 1s, flash 5 x

blanked picture

3 Semi stdby-mode:

SSB is powered by the

Wait 1s, flash 3 x

stdby-supply

1 High power stdby:

TV-set in stdby-mode

0 Low power stdby:

Wait 1s, flash 1 x

On 5V2/3V3 present, uP in stdbymode

Note (*): When the set is in stepwise mode and, due to stepping-up, a protection is activated, the set will really go into protection (blinking LED). The set will not leave the stepwisemode however. By stepping up, the set can be activated again, until state X where the protection was activated. At state (X-1) diagnostic measurements can be performed.

5.4.4 How To Connect

1. First, install the ComPair Browser software (see the Quick Reference Card for installation instructions).

2. Connect the RS232 interface cable between a free serial (COM) port of your PC and the PC connector (marked with 'PC') of the ComPair interface.

3. Connect the mains adapter to the supply connector (marked with 'POWER 9V DC') of the ComPair interface.

4. Switch the ComPair interface 'OFF'.

5. Switch the television set 'OFF' with the mains switch.

6. Connect the ComPair interface cable between the connector on the rear side of the ComPair interface (marked with 'I

C') and the ComPair connector at the rear

side of the TV (situated just below the tuner input)

7. Plug the mains adapter in a mains outlet, and switch the interface 'ON'. The green and red LEDs light up together. The red LED extinguishes after approx. 1 second while the green LED remains lit.

8. Start the ComPair program and read the “Introduction” chapter.

EXTERNAL 2

AUDIO EXTERNAL 1

SERVICE

CONNECTOR

Disabled protections

2 & 16

1, 4, 5, 6 & 18

PC VCR I2CPower

9V DC

Figure 5-1 ComPair Interface Connection

5.4.5 How To Order

ComPair order codes:

• Starter kit ComPair32/SearchMan32 software and ComPair interface (excl. transformer): 3122 785 90450.

• ComPair interface (excluding transformer): 4822 727

21631.

• Starter kit ComPair32 software (registration version): 3122 785 60040.

• Starter kit SearchMan32 software: 3122 785 60050.

CL96532156_029.eps

190600

EN 26 EM5A P/M5.

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

• ComPair32 CD (update): 3122 785 60070.

• SearchMan32 CD (update): 3122 785 60080.

• ComPair interface cable: 3122 785 90004.

5.5 Error Codes

5.5.1 Introduction

The error code buffer contains all detected errors since the last time the buffer was erased. The buffer is written from left to right, new errors are logged at the left side, and all other errors shift one position to the right. When an error has occurred, the error is added to the list of errors, provided the list is not full or the error is a protection error. When an error occurs and the error buffer is full, then the new error is not added, and the error buffer stays intact (history is maintained), except when the error is a protection error. To prevent that an occasional error stays in the list forever, the error is removed from the list after 50+ operation hours. When multiple errors occur (errors occurred within a short time span), there is a high probability that there is some relation between them.

5.5.2 How to read the Error Buffer

Use one of the following methods:

• On screen via the SAM (only if you have a picture). Examples: – 0 0 0 0 0: No errors detected – 6 0 0 0 0: Error code 6 is the last and only detected

error

– 9 6 0 0 0: Error code 6 was first detected and error code

9 is the last detected error

• Via the blinking LED procedure (when you have no picture). See next paragraph.

•Via ComPair.

5.5.3 How to clear the Error Buffer

Use one of the following methods:

• By activation of the 'RESET ERROR BUFFER' command in the SAM menu.

• With a normal RC, key in sequence 'MUTE', followed by '062599' and 'OK'.

• When you transmit the commands 'DIAGNOSE' - '99' - 'OK' with ComPair (or with a DST).

• If the content of the error buffer has not changed for 50+ hours, it resets automatically.

5.5.4 Error Codes

In case of non-intermittent faults, clear the error buffer before you begin the repair. This to ensure that old error codes are no longer present. Before clearing the buffer, write down the content, as this history can give you significant information. If possible, check the entire contents of the error buffer. In some situations, an error code is only the result of another error code and not the actual cause (e.g., a fault in the protection detection circuitry can also lead to a protection). There are various errors:

•I

C device errors.

•I

C bus errors.

• Protection errors.

• Errors not related to I

C device, but of importance:

– Black Current Loop Error (error 28): detection of a

continuous fail of the black current stabilisation loop of the HOP.

– FALCONIC Error (error 26): at start-up, after

initialisation of the PICNIC, the presence of the FALCONIC can be checked.

– Eagle Error (error 27): at start-up, after initialisation of

the PICNIC, the presence of the Eagle can be checked.

Table 5-3 Error Table

Error Device Description Def. item Defect. module indication Diagram

1 M24C32 NVM, spontaneous blinking 1-1-1.. 7011 NVM B5 2 Hfail Protection Horizontal Flyback protection 7301 HFB protection B4 3 SAA4978 PICNIC 7713 PICNIC B3a 4 Supply 5V 5V2 protection 5V Protection B5 5 Supply 8V 8V6 protection 8V Protection B5 6Slow I

C bus blocked Slow I2C bus blocked B5 7 TDA9330/HOP High-end Output Processor 7301 HOP video control/geometry B4 8 TDA9320/HIP High-end Input Processor 7323 HIP I/O-video processing B2 12 TDA9178 7302 TOPIC (LTP Peaking) B4 13 UV1316/ TEDE9 1200 Tuner Protection A8 14 MSP3411/3412/3452 7651 ITT sound processor B6 16 FBX Feature Box Protection B3 17 M62320P I/O Expander HD interface 7106 HD Interface N1

18 Fast I

C bus blocked Fast I2C bus blocked B5 19 TDA8444 7500 Auto Scavem DAC SC1 21 M62320P 7403 PIP I/O Expander C3 22 TDA888X 7301 PIP BOCMA C4 23 TELE9 7201 PIP Tuner C2 24 SAB9081 7801 PIP Muppet C1 26 SAA4992 FALCONIC 7718 Falconic B3b 27 T8F24EF Eagle 7724 Eagle device B3c 28 Black current loop Black current loop

Note: Error codes 1, 6 or 18 are protection codes and in this case, supplies of some circuits will be switched off. Also, in protection, the LED will blink the number of times equivalent to the most recent error code.

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

EN 27EM5A P/M 5.

5.6 Blinking LED Procedure

5.6.1 Introduction

Via this procedure, you can make the contents of the error buffer visible via the front LED. This is especially useful for fault finding, when there is no picture.

When the SDM is entered, the front LED will show (blink) the contents of the error-buffer. Error-codes = 10 are shown as follows: – A long blink of 750 ms (which is an indication of the decimal

digit), – A pause of 1.5 s, – 'n' short blinks (where 'n' = 1 - 9), – When all the error-codes are displayed, the sequence

finishes with a LED blink of 3 s, – The sequence starts again.

Example: Error 12 9 6 0 0. After activation of the SDM, the red front LED will show: – 1 long blink of 750 ms (which is an indication of the decimal

digit) followed by a pause of 1.5 s, – 2 short blinks followed by a pause of 3 s, – 9 short blinks followed by a pause of 3 s, – 6 short blinks followed by a pause of 3 s, – 1 long blink of 3 s to finish the sequence, – The sequence starts again.

Note: If errors 1, 6 or 18 occur, the LED always gives the last occurred error even if the set is NOT in service mode.

5.6.2 How to Enter

• The Service Default Mode (SDM). Start-up of the set in a

predefined way.

• The Service Alignment Mode (SAM). In this mode, items

of the set can be adjusted via a menu and with the help of test patterns.

You can enter both SDM and SAM modes via the “service pads” on the SSB, via an RC-transmitter (DST or standard RC), or via ComPair. It is not possible to enter the SAM in “standby”; the TV has to be in “normal operation” mode. The EM5 “Protection Diagram” shows the structure of the protection system. See diagram below.

7301

HFB

I2C PROTECTIONS

HIP HOP PICNIC TUNER NVM DNR MSP TOPIC

EHT-info

DETECT

+8V_CON

+5V_CON

DETECT

FLASH

LEVEL

XPR (43)

HOP

FLS (5)

HFB-XRAY-PROT

I2C

7001

+8V SENSE (105)

+5V SENSE (106)

OTC

Use one of the following methods:

• Enter the SDM (only via soldering pads marked 'SDM' on

SSB). The blinking red front LED will show the entire

contents of the error buffer (this works in “normal

operation” mode and in “protection” mode).

• Transmit the commands 'MUTE' - '062500' - 'OK' with a

normal RC. The complete error buffer is shown. This works

only in “protection” mode.

• Transmit the commands 'MUTE' - '06250x' - 'OK' with a

normal RC (where 'x' is a number between 1 and 5). When

x= 1 the last detected error is shown, x= 2 the second last

error, etc.... This works only in “protection” mode.

5.7 Protections

5.7.1 Introduction

The EM5 has only one microprocessor (OTC), which remains active during Standby. This because power of the microprocessor and the attached memory chip set is coming from the 3V3 supply, which is derived from the 5V Standbycircuitry. So, in both Power-on as in Standby mode, the microprocessor is connected to this power supply. If a fault situation is detected, an error code will be generated and if necessary, the set is put in protection mode. The protection mode is indicated by the blinking of the red front LED at a frequency of 3 Hz (or by a coded blinking in special cases). In some error cases however, the microprocessor does not put the set in the protection mode (this is the case with the hardware - loudspeaker protection of the audio amplifier). The content of the error buffer can be read via the service menu (SAM), the blinking LED procedure or via DST/ComPair. The DST/ComPair 'Diagnose' functionality will force the set into the “Service Standby”, which is alike the usual Standby, however the microprocessor remains completely in normal operation. To get a quick diagnosis, the EM5 has three service-modes implemented:

• The Customer Service Mode (CSM).

FBX PROTECTION

PICNIC 3V3

TUNER

3D COMB*

I2C

(* NTSC SETS ONLY)

I2C

CL 26532041_081.eps

Figure 5-2 Protection diagram

There are several types of protections:

•I

C related protections.

• OTC related protections (via polling on I/O pins or via algorithms).

• HOP related protections (mainly for deflection items).

• Hardware errors that are not sensed by the OTC (e.g. vertical flyback protection, bridge coil protection, E/W protection, arcing protection).

All protections are explained below.

5.7.2 I

C Related Protections

In normal operation, some registers of the I are refreshed every 200 ms. During this sequence, the I busses and the I

An I

C protection will take place if the SDA and SCL lines are

C ICs are checked.

short-circuited to ground, or to each other. An I occur, if the power supply of the IC is missing (e.g. FBX_PROT (error 16)).

5.7.3 OTC Related Protections

If a protection is detected at an OTC input, the OTC will start to scan all protection inputs every 200 ms for 5 times. If the protection on one of the inputs is still active after 1 s, the µP will put the set in the protection mode. Before the scanning is started, a so-called “ESD refresh” is carried out. This is done, because the interrupt on one of the inputs is possibly caused either by a flash or by ESD. As a flash or ESD can influence IC settings, the HOP, HIP, MSP, PICNIC,

190402

C controlled ICs

C error will also

EN 28 EM5A P/M5.

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

NVM, and Tuner are initialised again, to ensure the normal picture and sound conditions of the set.

8 V and 5 V protection: The microprocessor senses the presence of the 8 V and 5 V (via the '+5V_CON' and '+8V_CON' lines). If one (or both) of these voltages is (are) not present, an error code is stored in the error buffer of the NVM, and the set is put in the protection mode.

5.7.4 HOP Related Protections

Every 200 ms, the status register of the HOP is read by the OTC (via the I

C bus). If a protection signal is detected on one of the inputs of the HOP, the relevant error bit in the HOP register is set to “high”. If this error bit is still “high” after 1 s, the OTC will store the error code in the error buffer of the NVM and, depending on the relevancy of the error bit, the set will either go into the protection mode or not.

The following protections are implemented:

• HFB (Horizontal Flyback): If the horizontal flyback is not

present, this is detected via the HOP (HFB_XRAY_PROT). One status bit is set to “high”. The error code is stored in the error buffer and the set will go into the protection mode.

• XPR (X-ray protection): If the HFB pulses are too low

(level detection), the HOP will detect this via the XPR-bit. The error will be logged in the error buffer and the set will go into protection mode.

Note: Both errors will be logged as HFB-failure.

5.7.5 Hardware Related Protections

Due to the architecture (“hot” deflection), some protections cannot be sensed by the microprocessor. Three of these protections will lead to a protection on set level (Standby mode and blinking LED), while another will only lead to a circuit protection.

TV-set Protection

The following fault conditions will lead to a “complete” set protection:

• BRIDGECOIL protection: This is sensed via the 'EW'

signal going to the base of TS7652 (via R3495 and D6499). In a normal situation, the voltage on C2498 (diagram A4) is high and TS7652 is conducting. When bridge coil 5422 (diagram A3) is short circuited, the voltage on C2498 changes to low, which will block TS7652. In this case, also TS7641 will block and the voltage on 2642 will rise until TS7443 is forced in conduction. The 'SUP-ENABLE' signal (in normal operating condition -20 V) is shorted now to ground level, which will force the Main Power Supply to Standby mode.

• ARC protection: If there are “open” connections (e.g. bad

solder joints) in the high-energy deflection circuitry, this can lead to damaging effects (read: fire). For that reason, the E/ W current is sensed (via 3479//3480). If this current becomes too high, the “thyristor” circuit (TS7653 and TS7654) is triggered. TS7442 is switched “on” and TS7443 is forced into conduction. . The 'SUP-ENABLE' signal is shorted now to ground level, which will force the Main Power Supply to Standby mode.

• NON_VFB (No vertical Flyback) protection: If the frame

stage generates no pulses, TS7641 will block. TS7443 is now switched “on”, which will lead to Standby mode. So, in normal operation condition, TS7641 and TS7652 are conducting, while TS7443 is blocked.

Circuit Protection

The following fault condition will lead to a “partly” set protection:

• PROT1 (DC) protection: When a DC-voltage (positive or

negative) is sensed on one of the loudspeaker outputs, the protection circuit (TS7704, 7705, 7706 and 7707 in

diagram A6) will put the IC7700 in Standby mode (via tristate input pin 6).

5.8 Repair tips

5.8.1 Miscellaneous

The relay you hear when you switch the set “on” (from Standby or via the mains switch), is from the degaussing circuitry. It is not used for switching the Power Supply (as done in the MGchassis).

Take care not to touch the “hot” heatsink while disconnecting the SSB, despite the fact that the mains cord is out of the mains socket. There can still be an annoying rest-voltage on the heatsink for a short while. Advice: when you remove the SSB, disconnect the Mains cord, but keep the Mains Switch “on”.

Do not try to measure on the SSB side, which is facing the “hot” heatsink. This is dangerous. Most service test points are guided to the “tuner” side and are indicated by the “service” printing. Where the circuitry was too “crowded” for this printing, you can find the correct location on the “test point overviews”.

A very large part of the LSP is “hot”, such as: – The primary part of the Standby Supply. – The whole Main supply (except for the secondary Audio

supply).

– And the complete deflection circuitry (so notice that the

deflection coil is hot!!).

5.8.2 Start-up Sequence

COLD

HOT

EHT-INFO

START/STOP

17/39

STANDBY low 7131/41 closed high 7131/41 open

RESET

CON

106 105

POR

OTC

99 104

I2C BUS

POR 7445

Figure 5-3 Start-up circuitry

The start up sequence differs from other sets (e.g. MG-sets or EM2E-sets, but is same as in EM3E-set):

1. When the set is switched “on”, the 5 and 8 V lines (‘+5V_CON’ and ‘+8V_CON’) of the standby power supply are activated.

2. After the OTC senses them, the µP will address the HOP via the I

C-bus, to start the drive [1].

3. Via the ‘SUP-ENABLE’ signal, the Main Supply is switched “on” and will deliver the V [2].

4. EHT generation is now started.

5. The OTC will un-blank the picture.

HOP

START/STOP

7141

7131

OUT

CUTOFF (from CRT panel)

STBY

SUPPLY

MAIN SUPPLY

+11D

to the Line deflection stage

BAT

Vbat

LINE DEFL. (BRIDGECOIL

-PROT) (ARC-PROT)

FRAME

DEFL

(NON-VFB)

220 VAC

SUP-ENABLE

PROT-

SENSING

CL16532044_023.eps

140501

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

EN 29EM5A P/M 5.

6. When you switch “off” the set, this is done in a controlled way via the POR signal [3].

Note: Standby is not directly achieved via the Standby line of the microprocessor, but indirectly via the HOP circuitry.

5.8.3 ComPair

This chassis does not have an IR transmitting LED (as in MGsets). Therefore, a “Service” (ComPair) connector is implemented at the rear side of the set, which is directly accessible (as in A10-, EM2E- and EM3E-sets). In addition to this, there is also a blinking LED procedure to show the contents of the error buffer.

When you use ComPair, you have the possibility to activate a “stepwise start-up” mode. With this mode, you can initiate the start-up sequence step by step. This also means that in certain steps, some protections are not activated. This is sometimes very convenient during repair (see also paragraph “Stepwise Start-up / Shut-down”).

5.8.4 Protections

There are “service pads” implemented on the SSB (items 9005 and 9006, outside the shielding), to force the set in SAM or SDM (see also figure: “SSB removal (part 3)” in chapter “Mechanical Instructions “). This will overrule the processorcontrolled protections, but not the hardware protections. This means, that the A/D-input protections (5 and 8 V) and the I “not-acknowledging” info of the feature box (FBX) and of the Tuner are overruled. Caution: When doing this, the service technician must know what he is doing, as it could lead to damaging the set.

The ‘ARC’- and/or ‘BRIDGECOIL’ protection are hardly ever triggered, however: When you suspect the ‘ARC’ protection, look for bad solder joints and smell. By interrupting resistor 3497, this protection is disabled (special attention needed!). When you suspect the ‘BRIDGECOIL’ protection, which can also be due to, a too wide picture amplitude, shorten G and S of the E/W MOSFET 7480. This will disable the protection. You will now have minimal horizontal amplitude. Re-align the horizontal amplitude in the SAM menu and remove the G/S short of TS7480.

5.8.5 Main Supply

The simplest way to repair the main supply is to check and replace if necessary the gray marked components on the Main Supply.

More detailed way:

1. Replace FET 7504 and zener 6505.

2. Remove the SSB panel.

3. Short B and E of TS7529, in order to put the Main Supply in “on”-mode (TS7529 is blocking then). Caution: To prevent that R3403 and TS7443 will be damaged, first disable the HW-protection of the deflection circuit. Therefore short circuit C2642 on the LSP (diagram A4).

4. Attach a load (60 W light bulb) to V

capacitor C2515 (the

BAT

supply can not work without a minimum load).

5. Use a variac, and slowly increase the V

MAINS

. Measure over sensing resistors R3514//15 if a nice sawtooth voltage becomes available.

6. Also measure the V

. This may never exceed +141 V. If

BAT

it does, there is something wrong in the feedback circuitry (e.g. regulator 7506).

Note: Be careful when measuring on the gate of FET TS7504. This circuitry is very high ohmic and can easily be damaged (first connect ground to measuring equipment, than measure the gate).

5.8.6 Standby Supply

The simplest way to repair the stand by supply is to check the gray marked components on Stand By Supply.

5.8.7 Line Deflection

The simplest way to repair the line deflection is to check the gray marked components on Line Deflection.

5.8.8 Frame Deflection

Caution: When the Frame Deflection circuitry is suspected, one must be careful. Because there is a DC-voltage on the frame deflection, the beam current could damage the CRT neck, leading to a defective CRT.

Best thing to do is: Interrupt the resistors 3403 and 3404 on the CRT panel (diagram F1), in order to remove the “filament” voltage from the tube (no beam current, so no chance of destroying the CRT). Interrupt resistor 3403 on the LSP (diagram A4) to disable the ‘SUP-ENABLE’ line. Measure with a multi-meter, or better with a oscilloscope, the functionality of the Frame stage. After you have found the cause, exchange the defective component (e.g. TDA8177), and re-solder the interrupted resistors.

Table 5-4 Repair Tips

Phenomenon Possible Cause Repair tip

No picture, no LED. Standby Supply defective. Measure circuitry (see diagram A2). Start at test-point A19.

When the Mains switch is "on", this voltage must always be available

No picture, no LED. Bad connection of SSB in

SIMM-connector.

No picture, red LED blinking at 3 Hz.

Set is in protection due to various causes. For error codes see error-code list.

In case of a bad connection, it can happen that there is no picture, and that the Standby LED is not controllable. Re-place the SSB.

You have no picture, so:

-Read the error buffer via ComPair (error buffer is accessible when set is in protection, ComPair-file will guide you to this)-

-Read the blinking LED information via standard remote command <mute>06250X<ok>

-Or you read the error code sequence via standard remote command <mute>062500<ok>. When you have found the error, check the circuitry related to the supply voltage and I

C-communication or the circuitry that triggers the protection.

EN 30 EM5A P/M5.

Service Modes, Error Codes and Fault Finding

Phenomenon Possible Cause Repair tip

No picture, red LED blinking with code 6-6-6 or 18-18-18.

No picture, red LED blinking with code 1-1-1.

No picture, no sound. Set is making audible squeaking sound

No communication on slow

C- or fast I2C-bus.

No communication on NVM-

C bus to the µP.

Supply is possibly in hiccupmode, which is audible via a squeaking supply transformer.

As processor cannot communicate with one of the 2 busses the standby-

led spontaneously starts blinking 6-6-6... or 18-18-18.... If in the error buff-

er somewhere is an error 6 or 18, these will have the highest priority starting the mentioned blinking. Measure dependent of the error on the I bus which device is loading the bus. (Use I

As the µP cannot communicate with the NVM I

C -overview)

C bus, it spontaneously

C-

starts blinking 1-1-1. Note: when there is no access to the NVM, a lot of picture setting can go wrong.

Possible causes:

-V

is shorted (caused by short circuited line transistor 7421), or

BAT

-Sound winding is shorted (amplifier is shortening the power supply lines), or

-D6514 is shorted (due to a too high V see what causes the failure, or check feedback circuit. See repair tip

). Remove excessive load, to

BAT

"Main Power Supply" (supply needs a minimal load).

No picture, no sound. Green LED works fine

No RC-reception. Red LED does not echo RC-com-

Supply does not work correctly.

µP circuitry or RC-receiver is defective.

If e.g. V

is only about 90 V, it is possible that the regulator IC (7506) is

BAT

defective. In case the set does react on a local keyboard operation, you must check

the RC-receiver circuitry (diagram E).

mands. Relay (degaussing) is not au-

dible, when set is switched from "off" or "standby" to "on".

µP is not working correctly.When pin 115 is low, the degaussing must be activated.

No sound, only picture. Measure A7/A8 on diagram

A1. Possibly the audio amplifier is defect (but not shorted), or the "sound enable" line is high (diagram A5). Further, measure the audio signal path (HIP-MSP-Switch ICs-Amplifi-

Check RESET-circuitry on diagram B5. Check the level on pin 115 when you switch the set "on". Signal must be low initially and go to high after approx. 12 s.

In ComPair, a beep test can determine where the signal stops (use loudspeakers or headphone).Possible cause is also the 'PROT1' protection (see diagram. A6). This is a loudspeaker DC protection, which the µP cannot sense. Via circuitry 7701/7707, this signal can put audio amplifiers 7700 and 7702 in standby mode (tri-state input). Warning: Find out, which amplifier is causing the problem, because it is possible, that the other one is OK.

er).

No sound at headphone output.

HP amplifier (7681) on diagram B10, or the supply to it, malfunctions.

Picture is rotated. Rotation circuitry on diagram

Measure on pin 3 input left and pin 1 output left, repeat this for pin 3 (input right) and pin 7 (output right), and the supply line (+8V_AUD) on diagram B10.

Measure test points A52 and A53 on diagram A5. A5, or related supply to it, malfunctions.

Picture is continuously switching "off" and "on", showing heavy "switch" spots

200 V is missing on CRT panel.

Probably a bad connection from LSP connector 1424 to CRT connector

1224 (diagram F1), or an interruption of the 200 V supplies line (e.g.

R3341 on circuit F1 is interrupted).

(set does not go into protection).

Picture is not sharp. Focus is possibly mis-aligned

or SCAVEM-circuitry does not work correctly.

Picture is not synchronised. The sync is derived in the HIP

Re-align the 'focus' potmeter on the Line Output Transformer, or check

the SCAVEM circuitry on the CRT-panel (diagram F2). It is also possible

that the DAF circuitry is defective (see diagram I). Check the Vdc values.

Maybe the crystals 1305 and/or 1308 are making a bad contact. from xtal 1305 and/or 1308.

Picture is distorted. Check video-path in Service

Default Mode.

Investigate whether there is an error code present in the error buffer. In

case there is one, check the I

C-bus and/or supply lines (see overview supply lines).Measure and check signal path Tuner-HIP-PICNIC-HOPRGB amplifier.In case it is a geometry issue, check on diagram A4 optocoupler 7482, OpAmps 7440/7450 and the Frame circuitry alignments or a possible corrupted NVM (7011) on diagram B5.

Picture with horizontal stripes.

Pixel Plus processing is malfunctioning

Check functionality on circuitry (B3a, B3b, and B3c) of PICNIC (7713), FALCONIC (7718, EAGLE (7724) and/or field memories (7714, 7717, 7719, 7722 and 7723.Tip the whole Pixel Plus chipset (3 ICs + 5 Field Memories can be diagnosed very good via ComPair.

No menu, no OSD. Probably a defective µP. Measure around microprocessor on diagram B5. No Teletext. IC7007 defective or not pow-

Check circuitry around IC7007 and µP on diagram B5.

ered.

Strange switch "off" behaviour

Various symptoms, due to missing local supply voltage.

TS7445 possibly defective. Check, with a multi-meter, whether transistor TS7445 is well functioning.

(diagram A3).

An interrupted fuse, NFR-resistor or connection.

When no symptom or error code leads you to a specific circuitry, use the supply lines overview, for a quick scan of all supply lines.

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