Assembling and Connecting the Circulator Jacket Hoses 8
Draining the Jacket 8
Do Not Overfill the Vessel 11
Releasing Pressure 11
Withdrawing Liquid Samples 11
Initial Operating Test 11
Maintenance 12
General Maintenance Notes 12
Periodic Pressure Tests 13
Technical Support 13
Parts List 14
Cylinders 14
Heads 14
Internal Fittings 14
External Fittings 17
Accessories 18
Heaters 18
Identify the Valves 9
Gas Inlet Valve 9
Gas Release Valve 9
Liquid Sampling Valve 9
Relief Valve 9
Other Vessel Head Fittings 9
Safety Rupture Disc 9
Pressure Gage 9
Type J Thermocouple 9
Accessories 10
Air Motor 10
Spare Parts Kit 10
Mantle Heaters 10
Variable Speed Electric Motor 10
Cooling Loop 10
Product Features and Part Identification 19
5100 Stand 19
Stand for 5100 20
Stand for 5110 21
5100 Overarm 22
5100 Internals 23
5111 & 5112 Internals 26
5100 Metal Vessels Internals 27
5100 Head Assembly 28
5110 Head Assembly 29
5100 Head Fittings and Valves 30
5110 Head Fittings and Valves 30
Customer Service
Questions concerning the installation or operation
of this instrument can be answered by the Parr
Customer Service Department:
How to use the Vessel 11
Gas Connections 11
Pressurizing the Vessel 11
2
Parr Instrument Company
1-309-762-7716 • 1-800-872-7720
Fax: 1-309-762-9453
E-mail: parr@parrinst.com
www.parrinst.com
Page 3
5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Preface
Scope
These instructions describe the installation, operation and maintenance of Parr Series 5100 Fixed Head
Bench Top Reactors offered in six sizes from 160 mL
to 1.5 L with glass and/or metal cylinders. They cover
the basic steps to be followed for installing these
reactors and describe the function of all standard
components. They are intended to be used in conjunction with several related instruction sheets listed
on the previous page. This information describes
several components which are common to most Parr
pressure reaction equipment, and includes safety
precautions and other related information applicable
to all reaction laboratories. The users should study all
of these instructions carefully before starting to use
these vessels so that they will fully understand the
capabilities and limitations of the equipment.
Related Instructions
The following Parr publications are also available to
further your understanding of this instrument and
its component parts:
This system has been designed for use as a low
pressure reactor system. It has been designed,
built, and tested to strict physical and electrical
standards. However, it is the user's responsibility
to install and operate it in conformance with local
pressure and electrical codes.
If the instrument is used in a manner not specified
by Parr Instrument Company, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Safety Information
To avoid electrical shock, always:
1. Use a properly grounded electrical outlet of
correct voltage and current handling capability.
2. Ensure that the equipment is connected to
electrical service according to local national
electrical codes. Failure to properly connect may
create a fire or shock hazard.
3. For continued protection against possible
hazard, replace fuses with same type and rating
of fuse.
4. Disconnect from the power supply before
maintenance or servicing.
To avoid personal injury:
1. Do not use in the presence of flammable or
combustible materials; fire or explosion may
result. This device contains components which
may ignite such material.
2. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.
General Specifications
Electrical Ratings
Controller ratings are found in the Operating Instructions for the controller supplied with your reactor
and on the controller data plate.
Before connecting a controller to an electrical outlet,
the user must be certain that the electrical outlet has
an earth ground connection and that the line, load
and other characteristics of the installation do not
exceed the following limits:
Voltage: Fluctuations in the line voltage should not
exceed 10% of the rated nominal voltage shown on
the data plate.
Frequency: Controllers can be operated from either
a 50 or 60 Hertz power supply without affecting their
operation or calibration.
Current: The total current drawn should not exceed
the rating shown on the data plate on the controller
by more than 10 percent.
Thermocouple: Unless otherwise specified, all
Series 4848 Controllers operate with a Type J (ironconstantan) thermocouple. The total resistance of
the thermocouple and the lead wires should not
exceed 100 ohms. If the resistance of the thermocouple circuit is higher, it will reduce the sensitivity
of the control system.
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3
Page 4
5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Explanation of Symbols
IIOn position, full power heater switch
IOn position, half power heater switch
OOff Position
~Alternating Current (AC)
This CAUTION symbol may be present on the Product Instrumentation and literature. If present on the product, the user must consult
the appropriate part of the accompanying product literature for more
information.
This CAUTION symbol indicates that the surface may be hot.
Protective Earth (PE) terminal. Provided for connection of the Protective Earth (green or green/yellow) supply system conductor.
Environmental Conditions
This instrument is intended to be used indoors.
Operating: 15 ºC to 35 ºC; maximum relative humidity
of 80% non-condensing.
Installation Category II (over voltage) in accordance
with IEC 664.
Pollution degree 2 in accordance with IEC 664.
Altitude Limit: 2,000 meters.
Caution!
Do not use in hazardous atmospheres.
Unpack Carefully
Unpack the equipment carefully and check all the
parts against the packing list. If shipping damage
is discovered, report it immediately to the delivering carriers. Examine the components closely for
any loose parts or shipping damage and be sure to
check all layers of packing materials thoroughly so
as not to overlook any parts which might otherwise
be discarded.
Provisions for Lifting and Carrying
The Parr Series 5100 Fixed Head Bench Top Reactors
and its components are very heavy. Before moving
ensure all cables are disconnected. Use proper and
safe lifting techniques when installing or moving the
Parr Series 5100 Fixed Head Bench Top Reactors and/
or its components.
Cleaning & Maintenance
Periodic cleaning may be performed on the exterior
surfaces of the controller with a lightly dampened
cloth containing mild soap solution. All power
should be disconnected and the power cord should
be unplugged when cleaning the instrument.
There are no user serviceable parts inside the product other than what is specifically called out and
discussed in this manual. Advanced troubleshooting
instructions beyond the scope of this manual can
be obtained by calling Parr Instrument Company
in order to determine which part(s) may need to be
replaced or serviced.
Ensure that any hot surfaces have had
adequate time to cool before cleaning
or maintaining the reactor and/or its
components.
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Parr Instrument Company
Page 5
5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Users Responsibility
All Parr reactors and pressure vessels are designed and manufactured with great care to assure safe
operation when used within their prescribed temperature and pressure limits.
But… the basic responsibility for safety when using this equipment rests entirely with the user; who must:
1. Select a reactor or pressure vessel that has the
capability, pressure rating, corrosion resistance,
and design features that are suitable for its
intended use. Parr engineers will be glad to
discuss available equipment and material
options with prospective users, but the final
responsibility for selecting a reactor or pressure
vessel that will perform to the user's satisfaction
in any particular reaction or test must rest with
the user - not with Parr.
In exercising the responsibility for the selection
of pressure equipment, the prospective user
is often faced with the choice between overor under-designed equipment. The hazards
introduced by under-designed pressure vessels
are readily apparent, but the penalties that
must be paid for over-designed apparatus are
often overlooked. Recognizing these criteria,
Parr reactors and pressure vessels are offered
in several different styles, each designed for
convenient use in daily operation within certain
temperature and pressure limits, using gaskets,
closures, and other elements carefully selected
for safe operation within the limits specified for
that design. But in order to preserve the validity
of these designs, all temperature and pressure
limits must be observed, and no attempt should
be made to increase these limits by making
alterations or by substituting components
which are not recommended by Parr Instrument
Company.
2. Install and operate the equipment within a
suitable barricade, if required, with appropriate
safety accessories and in full compliance with
local safety codes and rules.
All standard Parr pressure vessels are provided
with either a suitable relief device or a means
to attach one (typically in the form of a plugged
opening). When a pressure vessel is delivered
without a pressure venting device, it is the customer’s responsibility to provide pressure relief
in order to protect the operator and the equipment from destructive high pressures. If you
need more information or need help in selecting
a proper relief device, please contact Parr Instrument Company.
3. Establish training procedures to ensure that any
person handling the equipment knows how to
use it properly.
4. Maintain the equipment in good condition and
establish procedures for periodic testing to be
sure the vessel remains structurally sound.
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5
Page 6
5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Installation
Pressure and Temperature Limits
The maximum working conditions for Parr vessels
are stamped on the cylinder. No attempt should
be made to increase these limits by making alterations or by substituting components which are not
recommended by the Parr Instrument Company. It
must also be understood that lower pressure and
temperature limits may be required for modified
reactors and for vessels made of special alloys.
Limits for such vessels will be determined by the
physical characteristics of the vessel material and
will be prescribed on an individual basis.
Working temperatures up to 225 °C are permissible
in reactors equipped with fluoroelastomer (FKM)
O-ring seals, such as Viton®. The higher the operating temperature above 200 °C, the shorter the life of
the O-ring will be. Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM) O-ring
seals such as Kalrez® have a broad chemical resistance. Unfortunately, they are very expensive and
will generally be reserved for unique applications.
Ethylene propylene (EP) O-rings can be used to 170
°C and are recommended for applications where
solvents such as ammonia and amines which will
rapidly destroy fluoroelastomer O-rings.
The maximum working pressure and temperature
for any vessel is governed by the design of the
vessel and the strength of the material from which
it is constructed. There is also a close relationship
between working pressure and temperature since
the strength of any material will normally fall off
as the temperature is increased. Temperature and
pressure limits are also affected by the physical
properties and temperature limits of the gaskets and
seals used in the vessel, and by any valves, gages
or other fittings attached to the vessel. Obviously,
the safe operating pressure of any system can be no
higher than that of its lowest rated component.
All Parr reactors show the maximum safe operating
pressure and temperature imprinted on the cylinder.
The working pressure and temperature in these 160
mL to 1.5 L reactors must not exceed the following
maximum limits:
Pressure and Temperature Limits
Vessel
Material
Glass150 psi225 °C
T316 SS1000 psi225 °C
Maximum
Pressure
Maximum
Temperature
Assemble the Reactor
These reactors require at least 10 inches of workspace from walls or flammable materials on a
sturdy bench, table, or floor in a well ventilated area
with convenient access to an electric outlet, running
water, and a drain. If the tabletop is not heat resistant it would be ideal to provide an insulated pad on
which to set the vessel when it is hot.
Review the following instructions first, prior to assembling the reactor.
1. Set the stand in the workspace.
Bolt the stand to a workbench or to the
floor using the holes in the base plate.
Place the head assembly in the stand. Make sure
the O-ring that seals the head and the cylinder
together is installed in the head groove.
Two types of glass cylinders can be used with
this apparatus (jacketed and non-jacketed) If
a jacketed cylinder is being used, remove the
jacket connection hoses, if present. A pair of
split rings, with thumbscrews, is used to join the
head and the cylinder flanges. The split rings are
lined at the bottom with plastic cushions that
eliminate metal against glass contact that could
result in dangerous point loading on the glass.
Examine the plastic cushions carefully. If they
are cracked or otherwise appear damaged, they
should be replaced.
CAUTION! Take care when handling the
glass cylinder. If any of the pressure or
load bearing surfaces become chipped
or scratched, the pressure rating of the
cylinder will be compromised.
If a metal cylinder is also being used with this
apparatus, note that the split rings differ from
those provided for a glass cylinder. Split rings
intended for sealing a metal cylinder to a metal
head should not be used with glass cylinders.
A clasp system on both ends of the split rings
is used to ensure proper alignment when assembled. Before using the split rings to mate
the head and the cylinder, make sure the three
thumbscrews on each half ring are backed off so
that the end of the screw is flush with the inside
of the split ring. Both sets of split rings feature
thumb screws to be installed finger-tight.
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Parr Instrument Company
Page 7
5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Carefully bring the flange of the glass cylinder
in contact with underside of the reactor head.
A lab jack / cork support is provided for 1.0 and
1.5 liter glass reactors. When using the lab jack,
bring the cylinder flush with the O-ring in the
head, ensuring no stress is put on the glass.
Align the major OD of the head with the OD
of the cylinder flange. If a jacketed cylinder is
being used, orient the cylinder so that the jacket
connections are oriented to either side. Hold the
cylinder carefully at the bottom with one hand,
slide one of the half split rings onto the head/cylinder flanges, and rotate/slide around the head/
cylinder flanges until the latches are facing you.
Use one hand to steady this half split ring to the
head/cylinder flanges as you attach the other
half split ring from the front. Secure the latches.
If using a lab jack, now lower it so that cylinder
hangs freely.
At this point, the glass cylinder will be held in
place loosely and can be rotated for proper orientation if needed. Tighten the six thumb screws
two at a time, 180 degrees apart in a criss-cross
pattern rather than progressively around the
circle until finger-tight and the head flange is
flush with the top of the cylinder flange. Do not
over-tighten.
Labeled connections are provided on the rear
panel of the controller.
Parr Cooling Only:
The Parr Cooling output connector is to be used
only with Parr Instrument Company cooling
solenoid valve assemblies supplied with the
appropriate cooling power cord.
Parr Heating Only:
The Parr Heating output connector is to be used
only with Parr Instrument Company heater
assemblies supplied with the appropriate heater
power cord.
Note: Do not make connections to a
Variac, Powerstat or the like to attempt
to control the heating output. The heavy
inductive load on the primary side of such
devices can destroy the internal sold state
relay located in the 4848 Controller.
CAUTION! Never use tools, such as pliers, to
tighten the thumbscrews. Excessive loading
on the cylinder flange can compromise the
pressure rating of the cylinder.
CAUTION! Before applying pressure to the
reactor, install the transparent Lexan safety
shield onto the front of the reactor stand.
Failure to do so can result in serious injury if
the cylinder should break under pressure.
To remove the cylinder from the head, follow the
above procedure in the reverse order. If a jacketed cylinder is being used, drain and disconnect
the jacket hoses first.
2. Set the Controller near the reactor, leaving
a space of at least six inches between the
controller and the base of the reactor so that the
controller will not be unduly affected by radiant
heat. Connect the reactor to the controller using
information contained in its Instruction Manual
548M or follow the steps below.
Parr Motor Only:
3. The support and heater are shipped fully
assembled. The heater raises and lowers on its
support rod to permit the vessel or cylinder to
be removed. Lower the heater, open the hinged
retainer on the front of the support and slide the
vessel into its support. Fixed head vessels have
a square lip which fits into a matching groove
in the support plate. Removable vessels are
supported by the split rings which rest on top
of the support plate. The stirrer drive connector
lifts by rotating and lifting the knob above the
belt guard. The universal joint contains a cross
pin that slips into the groove on top of the
magnetic drive.
4. Connect the heater cord from the heater into
the heater socket on the rear panel of the Series
4848 Reactor Controller.
5. Plug the motor cord into the motor socket on the
rear of the controller.
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Page 8
5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Secure the clamp on the motor cord with
the provided screw next to the motor
socket for safety purposes.
6. Connect the thermocouple extension wire to
both the thermocouple and to the controller in
the “Primary Temp Input” position on the rear
panel. Insert the thermocouple into thermowell.
7. Connect leads from accessory packages such as
tachometer, pressure transducer and high temp
cut-off to the designated positions on the back
panel of the 4848 Controller.
8. Connect cooling water to internal cooling coil if
installed.
9. Connect cooling water to the magnetic stirrer.
See Instruction Manual 234M.
10. Connect tubing to the rupture disc outlet and run
to a safely vented area. See Instruction Manual
231M.
11. Note the voltage requirement on the controller
identification label on the back panel, and then
plug the power cord into an appropriate outlet.
Power for these reactors should be drawn from
a 3-slot, grounded outlet capable of carrying up
to the full current rating of the system.
12. Using the switch on the Reactor Controller, turn
on the motor for a short run to check the stirrer
drive system.
This apparatus includes a safety shield
which should be used at all times. A relief
valve pre-set to either 145 psi (CE certified)
or 150 psi is also provided as a safety
precaution to prevent over-pressurizing
the glass cylinder - this also should be
used at all times. Should this relief valve
be inadvertently removed, the glass vessel
could be over-pressurized, resulting in
an explosion. The safety shield has been
designed to withstand the force of this
explosion. However, in the event of an
explosion, some glass fragments will
exhaust through the vertical slots provided in
the back of the shield for the hoses.
Assembling and Connecting the Circulator
Jacket Hoses
CAUTION! If a jacketed vessel is being used,
the compression fittings should be preassembled onto the insulated hoses before
attaching them to the cylinder. Failure to
do so or tightening any of the compression
fittings while the hoses are attached to the
cylinder will likely cause the jacket nipple
to break off.
Once the hoses are fixed at one end, they tend to
have a preferred orientation. The following hose
assembly procedure will minimize any side loading
by the hoses against the jacket connection nipples.
Attach the hoses to the circulating bath first and
route them through the openings at the rear of
the reactor stand. Note that lower left connection
is the jacket inlet. This should be connected to the
circulator pump discharge. Elbows are used on the
cylinder end to route the insulated hoses down and
then out the rear of the stand. With the hose in its
free state and not being twisted or rotated, tighten
the elbows to the hoses in a manner that orients the
open end of the elbow in line with the jacket nipple.
This minimizes any side loading of the hose against
the nipple.
Slide the brown plastic nut onto the nipple adapter
so that the flange with the O-ring groove is recessed
inside the nut. Tighten the tube stub onto the elbow.
Place the O-ring in the groove of each of the assembled adapters and then screw the hose adapter
onto the jacket nipple. Tighten firmly, by hand only!
No pliers!
Draining the Jacket
To drain the jacket, first lower the temperature of the
jacket circulating fluid to 60 °C or less.
Note: Oil, used as the circulating fluid,
drains much faster when it is hot.
Turn off the circulator and loosen the hose connection at the top of the jacket. This will allow air to
enter the jacket and cause to fluid to drain back into
the circulator. When the draining is complete, both
hoses can be disconnected from the jacket. The ends
of the hoses should be supported at a level higher
than that of the circulator bath to prevent siphoning
and fluid loss.
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Parr Instrument Company
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5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Identify the Valves
Gas Inlet Valve
The gas inlet valve is easily identified when the
vessel is open by noting that it is connected to a
dip tube which extends to a point near the bottom
of the vessel cylinder. This is an angle valve with an
attached fitting which provides a socket for attaching
the A495HC pressure hose furnished with the reactor.
Gas Release Valve
The gas release valve is connected to the gage
adapter on vessels with volumes of 160 – 600 mL.
The gas release valve is installed in a port by itself
on 1 L & 1.5 L vessels. These ports do not have a
threaded connection on the underside of the head;
they are always open to the gas phase of the reactor.
Liquid Sampling Valve
The liquid sampling valve is attached to the same
fitting as the gas inlet valve and connected to a
common dip tube. With this arrangement, incoming
gas is always introduced below the surface of the
liquid and the operator is provided with a means for
clearing the dip tube to be sure that any sample taken
during a run will be representative of the charge. This
can be done by opening the upper gas inlet valve
momentarily to allow the inlet gas to force any liquid
in the dip tube back into the reactor before withdrawing a sample from the sampling valve.
Relief Valve
The relief valve is connected to the gage adapter
and is pre-set to either 145 psi (CE certified) or 150
psi to ensure that the glass cylinder is not overcharged. When using a metal cylinder, a plug is
provided so that the relief valve can be removed
(due to higher pressure rating of metal cylinder).
Other Vessel Head Fittings
Safety Rupture Disc
There is a safety rupture disc attached to the head
which is intended to rupture and release the pressure before it reaches a dangerous level. A metal tag
wired to the safety head identifies the burst pressure at room temperature for that particular disc.
A similar tag is furnished with each replacement
disc. This tag must remain with the apparatus at all
times so that both present and future operators will
be aware of the disc rating. Users should read the
discussion of rupture discs given in the Instruction
Sheet No. 231M for a complete description of the
characteristics of rupture discs and the precautions
to be observed when operating pressure equipment
protected by this type of safety device. The disc is
rated for 1000 psi and should remain installed for
both glass and metal cylinders.
Pressure Gage
A pressure gage, typically 200 psi gage for glass
cylinders and 1000 psi gage for metal cylinders
includes a T316 Stainless Steel Bourdon tube. It
is mounted on the head using attachment fittings
similar to those used for the inlet/sampling valve
assembly.
Type J Thermocouple
A Type J thermocouple in a 1/8” diameter stainless
steel sheath is furnished with the reactor. Insert this
thermocouple into the head thermowell and connect it to the thermocouple socket on the rear panel
of the reactor controller using the extension wire
furnished with the reactor.
*See Page 30 for drawing of head fittings and valves.
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Page 10
5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Accessories
Air Motor
Variable stirring speeds from 100 to 2000 rpm with
no spark hazard can be obtained by replacing the
standard motor with an air motor. This motor operates on compressed air which must be supplied
at 40 psig minimum pressure with at least 10CFM
available at that pressure. It is furnished with a
speed control valve and oiler, all assembled on a
mounting bracket.
To operate reactors equipped with an air motor,
mount the drive system firmly on the support stand
and connect the air hose to a compressed air line.
Fill the oiler with SAE 10 oil and adjust the oiler to
feed one drop per minute into the air stream. For
long continuous runs at high speeds, the oiling rate
should be increased to three drops per minute. If the
motor becomes sluggish, flush it with a non-flammable solvent in a well-ventilated area. Disconnect
the air line and muffler and pour a small amount of
solvent into the inlet port. Rotate the shaft by hand
in both directions for a few minutes; then connect
the air line and run the motor until there is no
further trace of solvent in the exhaust. If the muffler
felts are dirty, wash them in solvent or replace them.
Relubricate the motor with a squirt of oil into the
chamber and reassemble. If it becomes necessary to
disassemble the motor to replace the vanes, follow
directions given in the instruction sheet published
by the Gast Manufacturing Corp., Benton Harbor,
Michigan.
Spare Parts Kit
Parr can furnish spare parts kits for these reactors
which will provide a reserve supply of parts and
tools sufficient to handle most normal replacements
and emergency repairs during a year of heavy
usage.
These kits contain replacement gaskets, packing,
O-rings, shafts, bearings, and rupture discs. They
can be ordered from any Parr Dealer or direct from
the Parr Instrument Company. The order must
specify the reactor size and indicate type of rupture
disc, stirrer drive and whether it has a flat-gasket or
O-ring closure.
Mantle Heaters
Mantle heaters with high temperature fabric heating
mantles housed in sturdy aluminum shells can be
provided for any plain (non-jacketed) cylinder. These
heaters are designed to provide uniform heat distribution to the walls and bottoms of these vessels.
They are attached to a support rod with a spring
steel clamp and arranged so that they can be raised
or lowered on the rod as desired. Each mantle must
always be used with the vessel of the size for which
it was designed, and must always be fully attached
to the vessel before heat is turned on. Similarly, a
short vessel must never be heated in a deep mantle.
Without full contact with a vessel wall, a mantle will
overheat and burn out.
Variable Speed Electric Motor
Reactors are normally equipped with a DC variable
speed motor supplied and controlled through the
Series A2110E or 4848 Controllers. Instructions for
connecting and operating these motors are included
in the controller’s instruction manual No. 553M
or 548M. This motor is installed in a drive system
designed to produce stirring speeds from 0 to 1700
rpm.
Cooling Loop
Each 5100 Reactor has a single loop cooling coil
installed in the vessel (except the 160 & 215 mL
units). A slow, continuous flow of cold water
through a cooling loop proves a very effective
means for controlling temperature overshoot in
these reactors, particularly when operating at temperatures below 150 °C. Water flow through the loop
can be controlled automatically using a solenoid
valve in the cold water line, with the solenoid connected to the cooling socket on the rear panel of the
4848 Reactor Controller. With this arrangement, cold
water will be admitted to the cooling loop whenever
the controller calls for cooling.
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5100 Low Pressure Reactors
How to use the Vessel
Gas Connections
Gas connections are dependent on applications.
For general usage, use the pressure hose furnished
with the reactor. Screw the Type “A” coned pressure
fitting into the adapter attached to the gas inlet valve
and tighten the compression nut firmly. Do not use
any thread dope on the coned fining. The A495HC
pressure hose is made of reinforced Nylon which
can be used for all noncorrosive gases at pressures
up to 2500 psig. For operations involving corrosive
gases, this hose should be replaced with an A490HC
hose which has a PTFE lining and a braided stainless steel outer covering. Both of these hoses have
the same fittings. An A506HC all metal hose is also
available in stainless steel and other corrosion
resistant materials.
Pressurizing the Vessel
Check all valves carefully before admitting gas into
the system. The liquid sampling valve must remain
closed throughout the charging procedure. The gas
release valve must also be closed unless the vessel
is to be purged, or unless there is to be a continuous
flow through the reactor during a run. Always make
certain that the pressure in the gas tank is greater
than the pressure in the vessel; otherwise, liquid
will be forced out of the vessel and into the gas
tank when the inlet valve is opened. If there is any
possibility that the tank pressure might not be high
enough to force gas into the reactor, install a oneway check valve (optional) in the gas line to prevent
any reverse flow. With the inlet valve open and the
flow control valve on the gas tank closed, open the
main valve on the gas tank only about one-quarter
turn; then use the flow control valve or the valve
on a pressure regulator to control the flow of gas
into the vessel. After the desired pressure has been
reached, close the tank valves and the vessel inlet
valve and disconnect the hose at the vessel end.
Do Not Overfill the Vessel
Always watch the pressure gage closely when
admitting gas so as not to exceed the maximum
working limit. Remember that any subsequent
increase in temperature will raise the pressure.
Also, be sure that the amount of liquid placed in the
vessel is carefully controlled.
As a general rule, the liquid charge should not
exceed two-thirds of the capacity of the cylinder. Too
much liquid in the vessel can lead to development
of dangerous pressures if sufficient space is not
provided for expansion when the liquid is heated.
This hazard is explained in greater detail in a warning statement included in the Instruction Manual
No. 230M.
Releasing Pressure
Use the gas release valve to reduce the pressure in
the vessel if the reactor is accidentally overcharged
when filling. Use this valve also to release any
excess pressure during a run and to exhaust the
vessel at the end of a run. If the discharge gases are
flammable or toxic, discharge to an exhaust hood or
to any other safe release point.
Withdrawing Liquid Samples
Liquid samples may be withdrawn from the sampling valve attached to the same adapter as the gas
inlet valve whenever the vessel is pressurized. Always close the inlet valve before withdrawing a liquid sample and open the sampling valve cautiously
because liquid will be discharged with considerable
force. Be particularly careful if the temperature of
the sample is above its boiling point at atmospheric
pressure. If so, it will “flash” and be lost as soon
as it is released from the vessel. This problem can
be avoided by connecting an optional 4351 Sample
Collection Vessel to the sampling valve to collect the
liquid into an appropriate receiver. The addition of
a small amount of gas can be used to clear the dip
tube between liquid samples so that the next sample drawn through the tube will truly be representative of the mixture.
Initial Operating Test
Read all operating instructions carefully so as to be
well acquainted with the correct procedures for handling the vessel and for operating the controller and
other accessories. An initial operating test should
be made, with only water, to check the apparatus
before starting the first experimental runs. For this
initial test, fill the cylinder not more than half full of
water and run the temperature up to 150 ° C while
checking the apparatus for leaks and observing the
performance of the reactor controller.
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5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Maintenance
General Maintenance Notes
1. Periodically inspect all electrical wiring and pressure connections for excessive corrosion. Suspect parts should be replaced by components
only supplied by Parr Instrument Company.
2. Always use appropriate wrenches on all fittings
and valves. Never use pliers or pipe wrenches.
3. Head and cylinder service fixtures are available
for convenience and protection of components
during maintenance of your reactor.
4. To reinstall straight thread (NPS) fittings to the
head, screw the gage or valves firmly into the
adapter. Run the bushing onto the threaded
stem as far as it will go. Screw this assembly
into the head until the nose of the adapter is
seated; then back it off until the valve or gage
is facing in the desired direction (no more than
one full turn). Hold the fitting firmly in place and
close the joint by tightening the bushing. This
connection can be made and broken repeatedly
without destroying the sealing surfaces. A light
coating of thread lubricant, such as Parr High
Temperature Anti-Seize Lubricant, applied to the
straight threads and to the nose of the adapter
will help to obtain a tight joint.
Note: PTFE tape should not be used on this
joint.
5. NPT (National Pipe Taper) threads should not
be disassembled any more than necessary. It
will become increasingly difficult to maintain a
tight seal with these tapered threads if the joint
is made and broken repeatedly. Grafoil tape or
PTFE tape (if temp allows) should be used on all
NPT threads.
8. Clean all threads and gas passages thoroughly
and remove all tape fragments when overhauling a vessel. An ultrasonic bath is excellent for
cleaning metal parts, but do not place a thermocouple probe, pressure gage, face seals or ball
bearings in an ultrasonic bath. Periodic cleaning
may be performed on the exterior surfaces of
the reactor stand with a lightly dampened cloth
containing mild soap solution. All power should
be disconnected when cleaning.
9. Routinely inspect cap screws on split ring closure for lubrication and cleanliness. These
screws should not be allowed to dry because
the threads will seize. Regularly apply Parr
High Temperature Anti-Seize Lubricant (Parr No.
424HC2) before this happens.
10. To operate reactors equipped with an air motor,
connect air hose to a compressed air line. For
best torque and speed control the piping to the
motor should be at least 3/8” IPS or larger. Fill
the oiler with SAE 10 oil and adjust the oiler feed
one drop per minute into the air stream. For long
continuous runs at high speeds the oiling rate
should be increased to three drops per minute. If
the motor becomes sluggish, flush it with a nonflammable solvent in a well ventilated area.
Disconnect the air line and muffler and pour
a small amount of solvent into the inlet port.
Rotate the shaft by hand in both directions for
a few minutes; then connect the air line and
run the motor until there is not further trace of
solvent in the exhaust. If the muffler is dirty,
replace it. Re-lubricate the motor with a squirt of
oil into the chamber and reassemble.
6. Do not use oil or anti-seize lubricant on threads
or fittings if the vessel is to be used with oxygen.
7. If your vessel is equipped with a loose compression ring be sure that it is in place on the head
before attaching any head fittings. The compression ring cannot be installed after fittings have
been screwed into the head.
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Parr Instrument Company
Page 13
5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Periodic Pressure Tests
Each cylinder used in a Parr stirred reactor is tested
under hydrostatic pressure to the higher of 1.43
times the rated working pressure at room temperature or 1.30 times the rated working pressure
corrected for temperature before it is released from
the factory. Micrometer caliper measurements are
taken during this test to check the deflection of the
walls under pressure. Excessive deflection or failure
of the metal to resume its original dimensions after
pressure is released indicates that a cylinder is potentially unsafe and it will be rejected. Similar tests
should be made at regular intervals during the life
of each cylinder, and particularly whenever the user
suspects that the equipment has been over-stressed
or damaged.
Some laboratories maintain hydraulic test facilities
and make it a rule that all pressure vessels must
be tested at regular intervals. Records are kept of
deflections at specific test pressures so that any
increase in deflection becomes a warning that the
metal has lost strength. Any cylinder that fails to
return to its original dimensions after application of
the prescribed hydrostatic test should be discarded
as unsafe for further use.
Users who do not have pressure test facilities can
return any Parr pressure vessel to the factory for hydrostatic testing and overhaul. This should be done
whenever the metal shows excessive damage from
corrosion or whenever an over-pressure or other
unusual occurrence raises any safety questions.
To return a vessel for repair, contact Parr Instrument
Company for a return authorization number (RMA).
Technical Support
Parr Instrument Company strives to provide our
customers with world class support. When contacting Parr for technical support, please provide the
complete serial number etched on the side of the
cylinder. Serial numbers are a long string of letters
and numbers. See highlighted text in figure below
for an example of a complete serial number.
PARR INSTRUMENT COMPANY
MOLINE, IL. USA
2430HC3 222315 T316 112409 4600-1003-14106
MAWP 1900 PSI AT 350C 2010
Each Parr operating instruction manual binder
comes with a customized Parts Lists that contains
a list of the parts in each major component of your
Parr Reactor. Do not discard this Parts List. You
should use this parts list for reordering consumable
and replacement parts to ensure that you order the
correct parts for your reactor system.
Apparatus returned for testing and overhaul should
be shipped prepaid to the following address:
Ship repair to:
Parr Instrument Company
Attn: Service Department
RMA # XXXXXX
211 53rd Street
Moline, Illinois 61265
An order or letter of instructions should be mailed to
the same address, as no repair work will be started
without specific instructions and a Health & Safety
Assurance Certification form (FX004) signed by a
responsible user.
Customer Service
Questions concerning the installation or operation
of this instrument can be answered by the Parr
Customer Service Department:
1-309-762-7716 • 1-800-872-7720
Fax: 1-309-762-9453
E-mail: parr@parrinst.com
www.parrinst.com
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5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Parts List
*Note: Special material internal parts (not T316) will have a suffix designating the material:
2633HCP10AD Gage, 3-1/2”, 1000 psi, back MT
2633HCP20AD Gage, 3-1/2”, 2000 psi, back MT
2633HCP30AD Gage, 3-1/2”, 3000 psi, back MT
2633HCP50AD Gage, 3-1/2”, 5000 psi, back MT
2633HCP75AD Gage, 3-1/2”, 7500 psi, back MT
2633HCP3YBGage, 30"/300 psi back MT
2633HCP1ADGage, 3-1/2”, 100 psi, back MTG
2633HCP2ADGage, 3-1/2”, 200 psi, back MTG
2633HCP6ADGage, 3-1/2”, 600 psi, back MTG
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5100 Low Pressure Reactors
Part No.Description
424HC2High temperature thread lubricant, 1oz tube
A495HCGas inlet hose assembly, 6-ft, 2500 psi, Nylon
JP0025TB06Neoprene tubing, 1/4"OD, for cooling water
TX31SK5/16 socket screw key
2925HCLab Jack (for 1000 mL - 1500 mL glass cylinders)
A2995HCHose assembly for circulator consists of the following parts:
221VBADNut
222VBADFerrule
277VBADUnion fitting
275VBADMale connector, 3/8T x 3/8 NPTM
2648HC2Cap for hose end
2649HCTube adapter
Accessories
Heaters
Part No.Description
For 160 mL - 600 mL:
A2230HCEBElectric heater, 300 mL metal or glass cylinder, 115V
A2230HCEEElectric heater, 300 mL metal or glass cylinder, 230V
A2230HC2EBElectric heater, 450 mL metal or glass cylinder, 115V
A2230HC2EEElectric heater, 450 mL metal or glass cylinder, 230V
A2230HC3EBElectric heater, 600 mL metal or glass cylinder, 115V
A2230HC3EEElectric heater, 600 mL metal or glass cylinder, 230V
A2230HC4EBElectric heater, 160 mL metal cylinder, 115V
A2230HC4EEElectric heater, 160 mL metal cylinder, 230V
A2230HC16EBElectric heater, 160 mL glass cylinder, 115V
A2230HC16EEElectric heater, 160 mL glass cylinder, 230V
For 1000 mL - 1500 mL:
A2945HCEBElectric heater, 1000 mL metal cylinder, 115V
A2945HCEEElectric heater, 1000 mL metal cylinder, 230V
A2945HC2EBElectric heater, 1500 mL metal cylinder, 115V
A2945HC2EEElectric heater, 1500 mL metal cylinder, 230V
A2944HCEBElectric heater, 1000 mL glass cylinder, 115V
A2944HCEEElectric heater, 1000 mL glass cylinder, 230V
A2944HC2EBElectric heater, 1500 mL glass cylinder, 115V
A2944HC2EEElectric heater, 1500 mL glass cylinder, 230V