Page 1
D-Link ™ DES-3010F / DES-3010FL / DES-3010G / DES-3018 / DES-3026
Layer 2 Managed 8/16/24-Port 10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet
Switch with Optional Slots
Release IV
Manual
Page 2
_________________________________________________________________________________
Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
© 2007 D-Link Corporation. All rights reserved.
Reproduction in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of D-Link Computer Corporation is strictly forbidden.
Trademarks used in this text: D-Link and the D-LINK logo are trademarks of D-Link Computer Corporation; Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation.
Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entities claiming the marks and names or their products. D-Link Computer
Corporation disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own.
May 2007 P/N 651ES3026045G
Page 3
Table of Contents
Preface........................................................................................................................................................... viii
Intended Readers........................................................................................................................................................................... ix
Typographical Conventions ...........................................................................................................................................................................ix
Notes, Notices, and Cautions ........................................................................................................................................................ ix
Safety Instructions.......................................................................................................................................................................... x
Safety Cautions ...............................................................................................................................................................................................x
General Precautions for Rack-Mountable Products .......................................................................................................................................xi
Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge.................................................................................................................................................. xii
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 1
Switch Description......................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Features........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Ethernet Technology ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Fast Ethernet ...................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Gigabit Ethernet Technology ..........................................................................................................................................................................3
Switching Technology ....................................................................................................................................................................................3
Front-Panel Components and LED Indicators.................................................................................................................................................4
Rear Panel Description....................................................................................................................................................................................6
Side Panel Description....................................................................................................................................................................................6
Installation........................................................................................................................................................ 7
Package Contents............................................................................................................................................................................................7
Before You Connect to the Network...............................................................................................................................................................7
Installing the Switch without the Rack............................................................................................................................................................8
Installing the Switch in a Rack........................................................................................................................................................................8
Mounting the Switch in a Standard 19" Rack............................................................................................................................................8
Power On...................................................................................................................................................................................................8
The Optional Modules ....................................................................................................................................................................................9
Connecting the Switch ...................................................................................................................................12
Switch to End Node ......................................................................................................................................................................................12
Switch to Hub or Switch...............................................................................................................................................................................13
The DES-3010F/FL/G, DES-3018 or DES-3026 as a Network Backbone..............................................................................................14
Introduction to Switch Management ...........................................................................................................15
Management Options ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Web-based Management Interface................................................................................................................................................................15
SNMP-Based Management...........................................................................................................................................................................15
Command Line Console Interface through the Serial Port............................................................................................................................15
Connecting the Console Port (RS-232 DCE)...........................................................................................................................................15
First Time Connecting to the Switch.............................................................................................................................................................17
Password Protection...................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
SNMP Settings..............................................................................................................................................................................................19
Traps........................................................................................................................................................................................................20
MIBs........................................................................................................................................................................................................20
Page 4
IP Address Assignment................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Connecting Devices to the Switch ................................................................................................................................................................22
Introduction to Web-based Switch Configuration .....................................................................................23
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Logging on to the Web Manager...................................................................................................................................................................23
Web-based User Interface.............................................................................................................................................................................24
Areas of the User Interface ......................................................................................................................................................................24
Web Pages.....................................................................................................................................................................................................25
Administration ...............................................................................................................................................26
Device Information ...................................................................................................................................................................... 27
IP Address.................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Setting the Switch's IP Address using the Console Interface...................................................................................................................29
Port Configuration........................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Port Settings.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Port Description ........................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Port Err-Disabled ......................................................................................................................................................................... 33
User Accounts.............................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Admin and User Privileges......................................................................................................................................................................35
Port Mirroring .............................................................................................................................................................................. 36
System Log Settings..................................................................................................................................................................... 37
SNTP Settings.............................................................................................................................................................................. 39
Time Setting ............................................................................................................................................................................................39
Time Zone and DST ................................................................................................................................................................................40
MAC Notification Settings .......................................................................................................................................................... 42
TFTP Services...............................................................................................................................................................................................43
Ping Test ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
SNMP Manager..............................................................................................................................................44
SNMP Settings..............................................................................................................................................................................................44
SNMP Trap Settings .....................................................................................................................................................................................45
SNMP User Table.........................................................................................................................................................................................45
SNMP View Table........................................................................................................................................................................................ 47
SNMP Group Table ......................................................................................................................................................................................48
SNMP Community Table..............................................................................................................................................................................50
SNMP Host Table.........................................................................................................................................................................................51
SNMP Engine ID ..........................................................................................................................................................................................52
IP-MAC Binding.......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
IP-MAC Binding Port ................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
IP-MAC Binding Table.................................................................................................................................................................................54
IP-MAC Binding Blocked.............................................................................................................................................................................55
D-Link Single IP Management .................................................................................................................................................... 56
Single IP Management (SIM) Overview.......................................................................................................................................................56
SIM Using the Web Interface....................................................................................................................................................... 57
Topology...................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
Tool Tips...................................................................................................................................................................................... 60
Page 5
Right Click....................................................................................................................................................................................................61
Group Icon...............................................................................................................................................................................................61
Commander Switch Icon .........................................................................................................................................................................61
Member Switch Icon................................................................................................................................................................................62
Candidate Switch Icon.............................................................................................................................................................................63
Menu Bar ......................................................................................................................................................................................................64
Group.......................................................................................................................................................................................................64
Device......................................................................................................................................................................................................64
View ........................................................................................................................................................................................................64
Firmware Upgrade ....................................................................................................................................................................... 65
Configuration File Backup/Restore.............................................................................................................................................. 65
Upload Log File ............................................................................................................................................................................................66
Forwarding & Filtering ................................................................................................................................................................ 67
Unicast Forwarding.......................................................................................................................................................................................67
Multicast Forwarding.................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
Multicast Filtering.........................................................................................................................................................................................69
SMTP Service .............................................................................................................................................................................. 70
SMTP Server Settings...................................................................................................................................................................................71
SMTP Service...............................................................................................................................................................................................72
L2 Features..................................................................................................................................................... 73
VLANs......................................................................................................................................................................................... 73
VLAN Description........................................................................................................................................................................................73
Notes about VLANs on the Switch..........................................................................................................................................................73
IEEE 802.1Q VLANs ...................................................................................................................................................................................73
802.1Q VLAN Tags.................................................................................................................................................................................74
Tagging and Untagging ...........................................................................................................................................................................75
Ingress Filtering.......................................................................................................................................................................................75
Default VLANs........................................................................................................................................................................................75
VLAN Segmentation ............................................................................................................................................................................... 76
VLAN and Trunk Groups ........................................................................................................................................................................76
Static VLAN Entry .......................................................................................................................................................................................77
Link Aggregation ......................................................................................................................................................................... 79
Understanding Port Trunk Groups...........................................................................................................................................................79
IGMP Snooping ........................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Static Router Ports Settings...........................................................................................................................................................................83
Spanning Tree .............................................................................................................................................................................. 84
802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree...................................................................................................................................................................84
Port Transition States...............................................................................................................................................................................84
Edge Port .................................................................................................................................................................................................84
P2P Port...................................................................................................................................................................................................84
802.1d and 802.1w Compatibility............................................................................................................................................................85
STP Bridge Global Settings ..........................................................................................................................................................................85
STP Port Settings..........................................................................................................................................................................................87
Loopback Detection ..................................................................................................................................................................... 89
CoS ..................................................................................................................................................................90
Page 6
CoS............................................................................................................................................................................................... 90
IEEE 802.1p Priority.....................................................................................................................................................................................90
The Advantages of CoS ................................................................................................................................................................................91
Understanding CoS ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 92
Bandwidth Control........................................................................................................................................................................................ 93
802.1p Default Priority .................................................................................................................................................................................94
802.1p User Priority...................................................................................................................................................................................... 95
CoS Scheduling Mechanism ......................................................................................................................................................................... 95
CoS Output Scheduling.................................................................................................................................................................................96
Priority Settings ............................................................................................................................................................................................97
TOS Priority Settings....................................................................................................................................................................................98
DSCP Priority Settings..................................................................................................................................................................................99
Port Mapping Priority CoS..........................................................................................................................................................................100
MAC Priority Setting..................................................................................................................................................................................101
CPU Interface Filtering...............................................................................................................................102
CPU Interface Filtering State Settings ........................................................................................................................................................ 102
CPU Interface Filtering Table.....................................................................................................................................................................102
Security .........................................................................................................................................................113
Traffic Control ........................................................................................................................................................................... 113
Port Security............................................................................................................................................................................... 116
Port Lock Entries ....................................................................................................................................................................... 117
802.1X........................................................................................................................................................................................ 118
802.1x Port-Based and MAC-Based Access Control..................................................................................................................................118
Authentication Server ............................................................................................................................................................................ 119
Authenticator .........................................................................................................................................................................................119
Client .....................................................................................................................................................................................................120
Authentication Process ..........................................................................................................................................................................121
Understanding 802.1x Port-based and MAC-based Network Access Control ............................................................................................122
Port-Based Network Access Control...........................................................................................................................................................122
MAC-Based Network Access Control ........................................................................................................................................................ 123
802.1X Authenticator Settings....................................................................................................................................................................124
Local Users............................................................................................................................................................................................126
Port Capability....................................................................................................................................................................................... 126
Guest VLANs..............................................................................................................................................................................................127
Limitations Using the Guest VLAN ...................................................................................................................................................... 127
Guest VLAN...............................................................................................................................................................................................128
Initializing Ports for Port Based 802.1x.................................................................................................................................................129
Initializing Ports for MAC Based 802.1x ..............................................................................................................................................130
Reauthenticate Port(s) for Port Based 802.1x........................................................................................................................................130
Reauthenticate Port(s) for MAC-based 802.1x......................................................................................................................................131
RADIUS Server.....................................................................................................................................................................................132
Trusted Host............................................................................................................................................................................... 133
Traffic Segmentation.................................................................................................................................................................. 134
Monitoring.................................................................................................................................................... 136
CPU Utilization.......................................................................................................................................................................... 136
Page 7
Port Utilization........................................................................................................................................................................... 137
Packets ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 138
Received (RX) ............................................................................................................................................................................................138
UMB Cast (RX) ..........................................................................................................................................................................................140
Transmitted (TX) ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 142
Errors.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 144
Received (RX) ............................................................................................................................................................................................144
Transmitted (TX) ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 146
Packet Size ................................................................................................................................................................................. 148
MAC Address ............................................................................................................................................................................ 150
Switch History Log .................................................................................................................................................................... 151
Log Settings ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 152
IGMP Snooping Group ...............................................................................................................................................................................153
Browse Router Port.................................................................................................................................................................... 154
Browse ARP Table..................................................................................................................................................................... 154
Session Table ............................................................................................................................................................................. 154
Port Access Control.................................................................................................................................................................... 155
RADIUS Authentication.............................................................................................................................................................................155
RADIUS Accounting ..................................................................................................................................................................................157
Authenticator Diagnostics........................................................................................................................................................................... 158
Authenticator Session Statistics..................................................................................................................................................................160
Authenticator Statistics ............................................................................................................................................................................... 161
Authenticator State......................................................................................................................................................................................162
Reset........................................................................................................................................................................................... 164
Reboot System ........................................................................................................................................................................... 165
Save Changes ............................................................................................................................................................................. 165
Appendix A................................................................................................................................................... 166
Appendix B ................................................................................................................................................... 169
Cables and Connectors...........................................................................................................................................................................169
Appendix C - System Log Entries ..............................................................................................................170
Appendix D................................................................................................................................................... 174
Cable Lengths........................................................................................................................................................................................174
Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................175
Warranties and Registration....................................................................................................................................................... 177
Tech Support............................................................................................................................................................................................... 183
Page 8
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Preface
The DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 User Manual is divided into sections that describe the system
installation and operating instructions with examples.
Section 1, Introduction - Describes the Switch and its features.
Section 2, Installation- Helps you get started with the basic installation of the Switch and also describes the front panel, rear
panel, side panels, and LED indicators of the Switch.
Section 3, Connecting the Switch - Tells how you can connect the Switch to your Ethernet network.
Section 4, Introduction to Switch Management - Introduces basic Switch management features, including password protection,
SNMP settings, IP address assignment and connecting devices to the Switch.
Section 5, Introduction to Web-based Switch Management - Talks about connecting to and using the Web-based switch
management feature on the Switch.
Section 6, Administration- A detailed discussion about configuring some of the basic functions of the Switch, including
accessing the Switch information, using the Switch's utilities and setting up network configurations, such as assigning an IP
address, Port Configurations, User Accounts, Port Mirroring, System Log Settings, SNTP Settings, MAC Notification Settings,
TFTP Services, Ping Test, SNMP Manager, IP-MAC Binding, Single IP Setting, Forwarding & Filtering and SMTP Service.
Section 7, L2 Features - A discussion of the layer 2 features of the Switch, including Static VLAN Entry, Trunking, IGMP
Snooping, Spanning Tree and Loopback Detection.
Section 8, CoS - A detailed discussion regarding the Quality of Service feature on this Switch.
Section 9, CPU Interface Filtering – This section deals with the CPU Filtering feature located on this Switch, including
explanations and example windows to aid the user configuration.
Section 10, Security – A detailed discussion about the security features on the Switch including Traffic Control, Port Security,
Port Lock Entries, 802.1X, Trusted Host and Traffic Segmentation.
Section 11, Monitoring - Features graphs and screens used in monitoring features and packets on the Switch.
Appendix A, Technical Specifications - The technical specifications of the DES-3010F, DES-3010FL, DES-3010G, DES-3018
and DES-3026 switches.
Appendix B, Cables and Connectors - Describes the RJ-45 receptacle/connector, straight-through and crossover cables and
standard pin assignments.
Appendix C, Cable Lengths - Information on cable types and maximum distances.
Glossary - Lists definitions for terms and acronyms used in this document.
viii
Page 9
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Intended Readers
The DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 User Manual contains information for setup and management
of the Switch. This manual is intended for network managers familiar with network management concepts and terminology.
Typographical Conventions
Convention Description
[ ]
Bold font
Boldface
Typewriter Font
Initial capital letter
Italics
Menu Name > Menu
Option
In a command line, square brackets indicate an optional entry. For example: [copy
filename] means that optionally you can type copy followed by the name of the file. Do not
type the brackets.
Indicates a button, a toolbar icon, menu, or menu item. For example: Open the File menu
and choose Cancel. Used for emphasis. May also indicate system messages or prompts
appearing on your screen. For example: You have mail. Bold font is also used to represent
filenames, program names and commands. For example: use the copy command.
Indicates commands and responses to prompts that must be typed exactly as printed in the
manual.
Indicates a window name. Names of keys on the keyboard have initial capitals. For
example: Click Enter.
Indicates a window name or a field. Also can indicate a variables or parameter that is
replaced with an appropriate word or string. For example: type filename means that you
should type the actual filename instead of the word shown in italic.
Menu Name > Menu Option Indicates the menu structure. Device > Port > Port
Properties means the Port Properties menu option under the Port menu option that is
located under the Device menu.
Notes, Notices, and Cautions
A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of
your device.
A NOTICE indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data
and tells you how to avoid the problem.
A CAUTION indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or
death.
ix
Page 10
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Safety Instructions
Use the following safety guidelines to ensure your own personal safety and to help protect your system from potential damage.
Throughout this safety section, the caution icon (
) is used to indicate cautions and precautions that you need to review and
follow.
Safety Cautions
To reduce the risk of bodily injury, electrical shock, fire, and damage to the equipment, observe the following precautions.
•
Observe and follow service markings.
•
Do not service any product except as explained in your system documentation.
•
Opening or removing covers that are marked with the triangular symbol with a lightning bolt may expose you to
electrical shock.
•
Only a trained service technician should service components inside these compartments.
•
If any of the following conditions occur, unplug the product from the electrical outlet and replace the part or contact your
trained service provider:
•
The power cable, extension cable, or plug is damaged.
•
An object has fallen into the product.
•
The product has been exposed to water.
•
The product has been dropped or damaged.
•
The product does not operate correctly when you follow the operating instructions.
•
Keep your system away from radiators and heat sources. Also, do not block cooling vents.
•
Do not spill food or liquids on your system components, and never operate the product in a wet environment. If the system
gets wet, see the appropriate section in your troubleshooting guide or contact your trained service provider.
•
Do not push any objects into the openings of your system. Doing so can cause fire or electric shock by shorting out interior
components.
•
Use the product only with approved equipment.
•
Allow the product to cool before removing covers or touching internal components.
•
Operate the product only from the type of external power source indicated on the electrical ratings label. If you are not sure
of the type of power source required, consult your service provider or local power company.
•
To help avoid damaging your system, be sure the voltage selection switch (if provided) on the power supply is set to match
the power available at your location:
•
115 volts (V)/60 hertz (Hz) in most of North and South America and some Far Eastern countries such as South Korea
and Taiwan
•
100 V/50 Hz in eastern Japan and 100 V/60 Hz in western Japan
•
230 V/50 Hz in most of Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East
•
Also, be sure that attached devices are electrically rated to operate with the power available in your location.
•
Use only approved power cable(s). If you have not been provided with a power cable for your system or for any ACpowered option intended for your system, purchase a power cable that is approved for use in your country. The power cable
must be rated for the product and for the voltage and current marked on the product's electrical ratings label. The voltage and
current rating of the cable should be greater than the ratings marked on the product.
•
To help prevent electric shock, plug the system and peripheral power cables into properly grounded electrical outlets. These
cables are equipped with three-prong plugs to help ensure proper grounding. Do not use adapter plugs or remove the
grounding prong from a cable. If you must use an extension cable, use a 3-wire cable with properly grounded plugs.
•
Observe extension cable and power strip ratings. Make sure that the total ampere rating of all products plugged into the
extension cable or power strip does not exceed 80 percent of the ampere ratings limit for the extension cable or power strip.
x
Page 11
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
•
To help protect your system from sudden, transient increases and decreases in electrical power, use a surge suppressor, line
conditioner, or uninterruptible power supply (UPS).
•
Position system cables and power cables carefully; route cables so that they cannot be stepped on or tripped over. Be sure
that nothing rests on any cables.
•
Do not modify power cables or plugs. Consult a licensed electrician or your power company for site modifications. Always
follow your local/national wiring rules.
•
When connecting or disconnecting power to hot-pluggable power supplies, if offered with your system, observe the
following guidelines:
•
Install the power supply before connecting the power cable to the power supply.
•
Unplug the power cable before removing the power supply.
•
If the system has multiple sources of power, disconnect power from the system by unplugging all power cables from
the power supplies.
•
Move products with care; ensure that all casters and/or stabilizers are firmly connected to the system. Avoid sudden stops
and uneven surfaces.
General Precautions for Rack-Mountable
Observe the following precautions for rack stability and safety. Also, refer to the rack installation documentation accompanying
the system and the rack for specific caution statements and procedures.
Systems are considered to be components in a rack. Thus, "component" refers to any system as well as to various peripherals
•
or supporting hardware.
Before working on the rack, make sure that the stabilizers are secured to the rack, extended to the floor, and that the full
•
weight of the rack rests on the floor. Install front and side stabilizers on a single rack or front stabilizers for joined multiple
racks before working on the rack.
•
Always load the rack from the bottom up, and load the heaviest item in the rack first.
•
Make sure that the rack is level and stable before extending a component from the rack.
•
Use caution when pressing the component rail release latches and sliding a component into or out of a rack; the slide rails
can pinch your fingers.
CAUTION: Installing systems in a rack without the front and side stabilizers installed could
cause the rack to tip over, potentially resulting in bodily injury under certain circumstances.
Therefore, always install the stabilizers before installing components in the rack. After
installing system/components in a rack, never pull more than one component out of the
rack on its slide assemblies at one time. The weight of more than one extended
component could cause the rack to tip over and may result in serious injury.
Products
•
After a component is inserted into the rack, carefully extend the rail into a locking position, and then slide the component
into the rack.
•
Do not overload the AC supply branch circuit that provides power to the rack. The total rack load should not exceed 80
percent of the branch circuit rating.
•
Ensure that proper airflow is provided to components in the rack.
•
Do not step on or stand on any component when servicing other components in a rack.
NOTE: A qualified electrician must perform all connections to DC power
and to safety grounds. All electrical wiring must comply with applicable
local or national codes and practices.
xi
Page 12
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
CAUTION: Never defeat the ground conductor or operate the equipment
in the absence of a suitably installed ground conductor. Contact the
appropriate electrical inspection authority or an electrician if you are
uncertain that suitable grounding is available.
CAUTION: The system chassis must be positively grounded to the rack
cabinet frame. Do not attempt to connect power to the system until
grounding cables are connected. Completed power and safety ground
wiring must be inspected by a qualified electrical inspector. An energy
hazard will exist if the safety ground cable is omitted or disconnected.
Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge
Static electricity can harm delicate components inside your system. To prevent static damage, discharge static electricity from
your body before you touch any of the electronic components, such as the microprocessor. You can do so by periodically touching
an unpainted metal surface on the chassis.
You can also take the following steps to prevent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD):
1. When unpacking a static-sensitive component from its shipping carton, do not remove the component from the antistatic
packing material until you are ready to install the component in your system. Just before unwrapping the antistatic
packaging, be sure to discharge static electricity from your body.
2. When transporting a sensitive component, first place it in an antistatic container or packaging.
3. Handle all sensitive components in a static-safe area. If possible, use antistatic floor pads, workbench pads and an
antistatic grounding strap.
xii
Page 13
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Section 1
Introduction
Ethernet Technology
Switch Description
Features
Ports
Front-Panel Components
Side Panel Description
Rear Panel Description
Gigabit Combo Ports
Ethernet Technology
Fast Ethernet Technology
The following manual describes the installation, maintenance and configurations concerning members of the DES-3010F/DES3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Switch group. These switches are identical in configurations and very similar in basic
hardware and consequentially, most of the information in this manual will be universal to the total group of Switches.
Corresponding screen pictures of the web manager may be taken from any one of these switches but the configuration will be
identical, except for varying port counts. For the remainder of this document, we will refer primarily to the DES-3018 as the
switch in question for examples, configurations and explanations.
Switch Description
The DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 is a high performance 8/16/24-port Fast Ethernet switch.
Comprising 10/100Mbps switched unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) and Auto MDI-X/MDI-II convertible ports, and each model
having its own uplink port capability, this Switch will be ideal for segmenting networks into smaller, sub-connected networks for
optimum throughput capability of the most demanding multimedia and imaging applications available on the network without
creating bottlenecks. These ports can also be used for connecting PCs, printers, servers, hubs, routers, switches and other
networking devices, each supporting up to 200 Mbps of throughput in full-duplex mode.
The open slots available on the DES-3018/DES-3026 models, the gigabit port on the DES-3010G and the fiber-optic port on the
DES-3010F and DES-3010FL can provide an uplink to a server or network backbone. The built-in console interface can be used
to configure the Switch’s settings for priority queuing, VLANs, and port trunk groups, port monitoring, and port speed.
Features
IEEE 802.3z compliant •
•
IEEE 802.3x Flow Control in full-duplex compliant
•
IEEE 802.3u compliant
•
IEEE 802.3ab compliant
•
IEEE 802.1p Priority Queues
•
IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol support.
•
IEEE 802.1x Port-based and MAC-based Access Control
•
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN
•
IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree and IEEE 802.1W Rapid Spanning Tree
•
Single IP Management support
•
Simple Network Time Protocol support
•
System and Port Utilization support
•
System Log Support
1
Page 14
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Non-blocking store and forward switching scheme capability to support rate adaptation and protocol conversion •
•
Supports by-port Egress/Ingress rate control
•
Address table: Supports up to 8K MAC addresses per device
•
Port Trunking with flexible load distribution and fail-over function
•
IGMP Snooping support
•
SNMP support
•
SMTP support
•
CPU Interface Filtering
•
Port Mirroring support
•
MIB support for:
•
RFC1213 MIB II
•
RFC1493 Bridge
•
RFC1757 RMON
•
RFC1643 Ether-like MIB
•
RFC2233 Interface MIB
•
RFC2358 Ether-like MIB
•
IF MIB
•
Private MIB
•
RFC2674 for 802.1p
•
IEEE 802.1x MIB
•
RS-232 DCE console port for Switch management
•
Provides parallel LED display for port status such as link/act, speed, etc.
2
Page 15
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Ethernet Technology
Fast Ethernet
The growing importance of LANs and the increasing complexity of desktop computing applications are fueling the need for high
performance networks. A number of high-speed LAN technologies are proposed to provide greater bandwidth and improve
client/server response times. Among them, Fast Ethernet, or 100BASE-T, provides a non-disruptive, smooth evolution from
10BASE-T technology.
100Mbps Fast Ethernet is a standard specified by the IEEE 802.3 LAN committee. It is an extension of the 10Mbps Ethernet
standard with the ability to transmit and receive data at 100Mbps, while maintaining the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Ethernet protocol.
Gigabit Ethernet Technology
Gigabit Ethernet is an extension of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet utilizing the same packet structure, format, and support for CSMA/CD
protocol, full duplex, flow control, and management objects, but with a tenfold increase in theoretical throughput over 100Mbps
Fast Ethernet and a one hundred-fold increase over 10Mbps Ethernet. Since it is compatible with all 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet environments, Gigabit Ethernet provides a straightforward upgrade without wasting a company's existing investment in
hardware, software, and trained personnel.
The increased speed and extra bandwidth offered by Gigabit Ethernet are essential to coping with the network bottlenecks that
frequently develop as computers and their busses get faster and more users use applications that generate more traffic. Upgrading
key components, such as your backbone and servers to Gigabit Ethernet can greatly improve network response times as well as
significantly speed up the traffic between your subnetworks.
Gigabit Ethernet enables fast optical-fiber connections to support video conferencing, complex imaging, and similar data-intensive
applications. Likewise, since data transfers occur 10 times faster than Fast Ethernet, servers outfitted with Gigabit Ethernet NIC's
are able to perform 10 times the number of operations in the same amount of time.
In addition, the phenomenal bandwidth delivered by Gigabit Ethernet is the most cost-effective method to take advantage of
today’s and tomorrow's rapidly improving switching and routing internetworking technologies.
Switching Technology
Another key development pushing the limits of Ethernet technology is in the field of switching technology. A switch bridges
Ethernet packets at the MAC address level of the Ethernet protocol transmitting among connected Ethernet or Fast Ethernet LAN
segments.
Switching is a cost-effective way of increasing the total network capacity available to users on a local area network. A switch
increases capacity and decreases network loading by making it possible for a local area network to be divided into different
segments, which are not competing with each other for network transmission capacity, and therefore decreasing the load on each
segment.
The Switch acts as a high-speed selective bridge between the individual segments. Traffic that needs to go from one segment to
another (from one port to another) is automatically forwarded by the Switch, without interfering with any other segments (ports).
This allows the total network capacity to be multiplied, while still maintaining the same network cabling and adapter cards.
For Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet networks, a switch is an effective way of eliminating problems of chaining hubs beyond the
"two-repeater limit." A switch can be used to split parts of the network into different collision domains, for example, making it
possible to expand your Fast Ethernet network beyond the 205-meter network diameter limit for 100BASE-TX networks.
Switches supporting both traditional 10Mbps Ethernet and 100Mbps Fast Ethernet are also ideal for bridging between existing
10Mbps networks and new 100Mbps networks.
Switching LAN technology is a marked improvement over the previous generation of network bridges, which were characterized
by higher latencies. Routers have also been used to segment local area networks, but the cost of a router and the setup and
maintenance required make routers relatively impractical. Today's switches are an ideal solution to most kinds of local area
network congestion problems.
NOTE: For customers interested in D-View, D-Link Corporation's proprietary
SNMP management software, go to the D-Link Website (www.dlink.com) and
download the software and manual.
3
Page 16
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Front-Panel Components and LED Indicators
The front panel of the Switch consists of LED indicators for Power, Console, Link/Act and Speed, 8/16/24 Fast-Ethernet, ports,
two optional module ports (DES-3018/3026 only), a gigabit 1000BASE-T copper port (DES-3010F/G), a 100BASE-FX Ethernet
port (DES-3010F, DES-3010FL) and a SFP Gigabit Ethernet port (DES-3010G). Also, the front panel has a RS-232
communication port.
Figure 1- 1. DES-3010F/FL/G Front Panel
Figure 1- 2. DES-3018 Front Panel
Figure 1- 3. DES-3026 Front Panel
Figure 1- 4. DES-3026 LED indicators
4
Page 17
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Comprehensive LED indicators display the status of the Switch and the network.
LED or Button Description
Power
Console
Link/Act
Speed
This LED will light green after the Switch is powered on to indicate the normal operation
of the Switch’s power supplies. The indicator is dark when the Switch is powered off.
This LED should blink during the Power-On Self Test (POST). When the POST is finished successfully, the LED goes dark. This indicator will light solid green when the
Switch is being logged into via out-of-band/local console management through the RS232 console port in the front of the Switch using a straight-through serial cable.
When the LED mode has been changed to Link/Act, the LEDs will light steady green to
indicate a valid link. A blinking LED indicates activity on the port.
To the right of every Link/Act LED lies the speed LED, corresponding to every port.
Depending on the switch model, these lights will assume different roles.
DES-3010F/FL/G – A solid green LED indicates the port is transferring data at
100Mbps while a dark, unlit LED will indicate a rate of 10Mbps.
Port 9 – The LED of this port, when lit solid green, indicates a transfer rate of
1000Mbps. When this LED is unlit, it denotes a transfer rate of 10/100Mbps.
Port 10 – For the 3010F and 3010FL, a solid green LED indicates a transfer
rate of 100Mbps and a dark LED indicates no link. For the 3010G, solid green LED
indicates a transfer rate of 1000Mbps and a dark LED indicates no link
DES-3018 / DES-3026 – A solid green LED will indicate a valid link at 100Mbps, and
when blinking, indicates the port is currently transferring data. A solid amber LED will
indicate a valid link at 10Mbps, and when blinking, indicates the port is currently
transferring data.
5
Page 18
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Rear Panel Description
The rear panels of these switches contain an AC power connector.
Figure 1- 5. Rear Panel of the DES-3010F/FL/G and DES-3018/DES-3026
Side Panel Description
Both panels of the Switch contain a heat vent used to dissipate heat. Do not block these openings, and leave at least 6 inches of
space at the rear and sides of the Switch for proper ventilation. Be reminded that without proper heat dissipation and air
circulation, system components might overheat, which could lead to system failure.
Figure 1- 6. Side panel view
6
Page 19
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SECTION 2
Installation
Package Contents
Before You Connect to the Network
Installing the Switch without the Rack
Rack Installation
Power On
The Optional Module
Redundant Power System
Package Contents
Open the shipping carton of the Switch and carefully unpack its contents. The carton should contain the following items:
One DES-3010F, DES-3010FL, DES-3010G, DES-3018, or DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch •
•
Mounting kit (two brackets and screws)
•
Four rubber feet with adhesive backing
•
One AC power cord
•
RS-232 console cable
•
One CD Kit for User’s Guide / CLI / D-View module / SNMP module
•
This Manual with Registration Card.
If any item is missing or damaged, please contact your local D-Link Reseller for replacement.
Before You Connect to the Network
The site where you install the Switch may greatly affect its performance. Please follow these guidelines for setting up the Switch.
•
Install the Switch on a sturdy, level surface that can support the weight of the Switch. Do not place heavy objects on the
Switch.
•
The power outlet should be within 1.82 meters (6 feet) of the Switch.
•
Visually inspect the power cord and see that it is fully secured to the AC power port.
•
Make sure that there is proper heat dissipation from and adequate ventilation around the Switch. Leave at least 10 cm (4
inches) of space at the front and rear of the Switch for ventilation.
•
Install the Switch in a fairly cool and dry place for the acceptable temperature and humidity operating ranges.
•
Install the Switch in a site free from strong electromagnetic field generators (such as motors), vibration, dust, and direct
exposure to sunlight.
•
When installing the Switch on a level surface, attach the rubber feet to the bottom of the device. The rubber feet
cushion the Switch, protect the casing from scratches and prevent it from scratching other surfaces.
7
Page 20
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Installing the Switch without the Rack
When installing the Switch on a desktop or shelf, the rubber feet included with the Switch should first be attached. Attach these
cushioning feet on the bottom at each corner of the device. Allow enough ventilation space between the Switch and any other
objects in the vicinity.
Figure 2- 1. Prepare Switch for installation on a desktop or shelf
Installing the Switch in a Rack
The Switch can be mounted in a standard 19" rack. Use the following diagrams to guide you.
Figure 2- 2. Fasten mounting brackets to Switch
Fasten the mounting brackets to the Switch using the screws provided. With the brackets attached securely, you can mount the
Switch in a standard rack as shown in Figure 2-3 on the following page.
Mounting the Switch in a Standard 19" Rack
Figure 2- 3. Installing Switch in a rack
Power On
Plug one end of the AC power cord into the power connector of the Switch and the other end into the local power source outlet.
After the Switch is powered on, the LED indicators will momentarily blink. This blinking of the LED indicators represents a reset
of the system.
As a precaution, in the event of a power failure, unplug the Switch. When power is resumed, plug the Switch back in.
8
Page 21
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
k
The Optional Modules
At the front right of the DES-3018 and the DES-3026 resides an optional module slot. These optional modules, specially designed
for this Switch series, may be used as an uplink to a server or core switch. This slot may be equipped with a single-port Uplink
Module, sold separately. See the explanation of the optional modules below.
- Single-Port 1000BASE-T Gigabit-Ethernet uplin
module
- Compliant with IEEE802.3, IEEE802.3u,
IEEE802.3ab
- Comprehensive LEDs for Speed, Link and Act(ivity)
- Supports auto-negotiation in 10/100/1000M, full-
duplex, back-pressure in half-duplex and
IEEE802.3x compliant flow control for full-duplex
Figure 2- 4. DEM-301T Optional Module
Figure 2- 5. DEM-301G Optional Module
- Single-Port SFP gigabit uplink module
- Compliant with IEEE802.3z
- Link and Act(ivity) LED
- Supports auto-negotiation in full-duplex and
IEEE802.3x compliant flow control for full-duplex
- Support for DEM-310GT, DEM-311GT, DEM-
314GT, DEM-315GT
- Single-Port 100BASE-FX fast Ethernet uplink
module
- Compliant with IEEE802.3u
- Link and Act(ivity) LED
- Supports forced 100M, full-duplex and IEEE802.3x
compliant flow control for full-duplex
- SC Type connector good over 2km distance
Figure 2- 6. DEM-201F Optional Module
9
Page 22
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
x
Figure 2- 7. DEM-201FL Optional Module
To install the modules, follow the simple steps listed below.
CAUTION: Before adding the optional module, make sure to disconnect all power
sources connected to the Switch. Failure to do so may result in an electrical shock,
which may cause damage, not only to the individual but to the Switch as well.
- Single-Port 100BASE-FX fast Ethernet uplink
module
- Compliant with IEEE802.3u
- Link and Act(ivity) LED
- Supports forced 100M, full-duplex and IEEE802.3
compliant flow control for full-duplex
- SC Type connector good over 15km distance
At the front of the Switch to the right is the slot for the optional module, as shown in Figure 2-8 and Figure 2-9. This slot should
be covered with a faceplate that can be easily removed by loosening the screws and pulling off the plate.
Optional Module Slots
Figure 2- 8. Optional Module slots at the front of the DES-3018
Optional Module Slots
Figure 2- 9. Optional Module slot at the front of the DES-3026
Take the module and gently slide it in to the available slot at the front of the Switch until it reaches the back, as shown in the
following figure. At the back of the slot is a plug that must be connected to the module. Gently, but firmly push in on the module
to secure it to the Switch. The module should fit snugly into the corresponding receptor.
10
Page 23
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Figure 2- 10. Inserting the optional module into the Switch.
The upgraded DES-3018 / DES-3026 is now ready for use.
11
Page 24
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Section 3
Connecting the Switch
Switch To End Node
Switch to Hub or Switch
Connecting To Network Backbone or Server
NOTE: All high-performance N-Way Ethernet ports can support both MDIII and MDI-X connections.
Switch to End Node
End nodes include PCs outfitted with a 10, 100 or 1000 Mbps RJ 45 Ethernet Network Interface Card (NIC) and most routers.
An end node can be connected to the Switch via a twisted-pair UTP/STP cable. The end node should be connected to any of the
10/100BASE-T ports of the Switch.
Figure 3- 1. Switch connected to an end node
The Link/Act LEDs for each UTP port will light green or amber when the link is valid. A blinking LED indicates packet activity
on that port.
12
Page 25
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Switch to Hub or Switch
These connections can be accomplished in a number of ways using a normal cable.
A 10BASE-T hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a twisted-pair Category 3, 4 or 5 UTP/STP cable. •
•
A 100BASE-TX hub or switch can be connected to the Switch via a twisted-pair Category 5 UTP/STP cable.
•
A 1000BASE-T switch can be connected to the Switch via a twisted pair Category 5e UTP/STP cable.
•
A switch supporting a fiber-optic uplink can be connected to the Switch’s SFP ports via fiber-optic cabling.
Figure 3- 2. Switch connected to a port on a hub or switch using a straight or crossover cable
Figure 3- 3. Switch connected to switch using fiber-optic cabling
13
Page 26
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
The DES-3010F/FL/G, DES-3018 or DES-3026 as a Network Backbone
The DES-3018 can be employed as a network backbone for offices or buildings that require many Ethernet connections within a
confined space. Once a high-speed line has been connected from the ISP, the DES-3018 can farm out connections for various end
nodes including PCs, printers, hubs, routers or other switches. The topology configurations are endless but be sure that
connections coming from the DES-3018 are at a equal or slower speed than the ISP uplink to avoid bottlenecking.
The copper ports operate at a speed of 100Mbps or 10Mbps in full or half duplex mode. The 100BASE-FX ports can operate at
100Mbps in full duplex mode only. Copper gigabit ports may operate in 1000Mbps in full-duplex only. SFP gigabit ports operate
in 1000Mbps in full-duplex only.
Connections to the Gigabit Ethernet ports are made using a fiber-optic cable or Category 5e copper cable, depending on the type
of port. A valid connection is indicated when the Link LED is lit.
Figure 3- 4. Uplink Connection to a server, PC or switch stack.
14
Page 27
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Section 4
Introduction to Switch Management
Management Options
Web-based Management Interface
SNMP-Based Management
Managing User Accounts
Command Line Console Interface through the Serial Port
Connecting the Console Port (RS-232 DCE)
First Time Connecting to the Switch
Password Protection
SNMP Settings
IP Address Assignment
Connecting Devices to the Switch
Management Options
This system may be managed out-of-band through the console port on the front panel or in-band using Telnet. The user may also
choose the web-based management, accessible through a web browser.
Web-based Management Interface
After you have successfully installed the Switch, you can configure the Switch, monitor the LED panel, and display statistics
graphically using a web browser, such as Netscape Navigator (version 6.2 and higher) or Microsoft® Internet Explorer (version
5.0).
SNMP-Based Management
You can manage the Switch with an SNMP-compatible console program. The Switch supports SNMP version 1.0, version 2.0c
and version 3.0. The SNMP agent decodes the incoming SNMP messages and responds to requests with MIB objects stored in the
database. The SNMP agent updates the MIB objects to generate statistics and counters.
Command Line Console Interface through the Serial Port
You can also connect a computer or terminal to the serial console port to access the Switch. The command-line-driven interface
provides complete access to all Switch management features.
Connecting the Console Port (RS-232 DCE)
The Switch provides an RS-232 serial port that enables a connection to a computer or terminal for monitoring and configuring the
Switch. This port is a female DB-9 connector, implemented as a data terminal equipment (DTE) connection.
To use the console port, you need the following equipment:
A terminal or a computer with both a serial port and the ability to emulate a terminal. •
• A null modem or crossover RS-232 cable with a female DB-9 connector for the console port on the Switch.
To connect a terminal to the console port:
1. Connect the female connector of the RS-232 cable directly to the console port on the Switch, and tighten the captive
retaining screws.
2. Connect the other end of the cable to a terminal or to the serial connector of a computer running terminal emulation
software. Set the terminal emulation software as follows:
15
Page 28
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
3. Select the appropriate serial port (COM port 1 or COM port 2).
4. Set the data rate to 9600 baud.
5. Set the data format to 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity.
6. Set flow control to none.
7. Under Properties, select VT100 for Emulation mode.
8. Select Terminal keys for Function, Arrow, and Ctrl keys. Ensure that you select Terminal keys (not Windows keys).
NOTE: When you use HyperTerminal with the Microsoft® Windows® 2000
operating system, ensure that you have Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 or
later installed. Windows 2000 Service Pack 2 allows you to use arrow keys
in HyperTerminal's VT100 emulation. See www.microsoft.com for
information on Windows 2000 service packs.
9. After you have correctly set up the terminal, plug the power cable into the power receptacle on the back of the Switch.
The boot sequence appears in the terminal.
10. After the boot sequence completes, the console login screen displays.
11. If you have not logged into the command line interface (CLI) program, press the Enter key at the User Name and
password prompts. There is no default user name and password for the Switch. User names and passwords must first be
created by the administrator. If you have previously set up user accounts, log in and continue to configure the Switch.
12. Enter the commands to complete your desired tasks. Many commands require administrator-level access privileges. Read
the next section for more information on setting up user accounts. See the DES-3018 Command Line Interface
Reference Manual on the documentation CD for a list of all commands and additional information on using the CLI.
13. When you have completed your tasks, exit the session with the logout command or close the emulator program.
Make sure the terminal or PC you are using to make this connection is configured to match these settings.
If you are having problems making this connection on a PC, make sure the emulation is set to VT-100. You will be able to set the
emulation by clicking on the File menu in you HyperTerminal window, clicking on Properties in the drop-down menu, and then
clicking the Settings tab. This is where you will find the Emulation options. If you still do not see anything, try rebooting the
Switch by disconnecting its power supply.
Once connected to the console, the screen below will appear on your console screen. This is where the user will enter commands
to perform all the available management functions. The Switch will prompt the user to enter a user name and a password. Upon
the initial connection, there is no user name or password and therefore just press enter twice to access the command line interface.
Figure 4- 1. Initial screen after first connection.
16
Page 29
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
First Time Connecting to the Switch
The Switch supports user-based security that can allow you to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the Switch or changing
its settings. This section tells how to log onto the Switch.
NOTE: The passwords used to access the Switch are case-sensitive;
therefore, "S" is not the same as "s."
When you first connect to the Switch, you will be presented with the first login screen (shown below).
NOTE: Press Ctrl+R to refresh the screen. This command can be used at
any time to force the console program in the Switch to refresh the console
screen.
Figure 4- 2. Initial screen, first time connecting to the Switch
Press Enter in both the Username and Password fields. You will be given access to the command prompt DES-3018:4#, as shown
below:
There is no initial username or password. Leave the Username and Password fields blank.
17
Page 30
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Figure 4- 3. Command Prompt
NOTE: The first user automatically gets Administrator level privileges. It is
recommended to create at least one Admin-level user account for the Switch.
18
Page 31
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Password Protection
The DES-3018 switch does not have a default user name and password. One of the first tasks when settings up the Switch is to
create user accounts. If you log in using a predefined administrator-level user name, you have privileged access to the Switch's
management software.
After your initial login, define new passwords for both default user names to prevent unauthorized access to the Switch, and
record the passwords for future reference.
To create an administrator-level account for the Switch, do the following:
At the CLI login prompt, enter create account admin followed by the <user name> and press the Enter key. •
•
You will be asked to provide a password. Type the <password> used for the administrator account being created and
press the Enter key.
•
You will be prompted to enter the same password again to verify it. Type the same password and press the Enter key.
•
Successful creation of the new administrator account will be verified by a Success message.
NOTE: Passwords are case sensitive. User names and passwords can be
up to 15 characters in length.
The sample below illustrates a successful creation of a new administrator-level account with the user name "newmanager".
DES-3018:4#create account admin newmanager
Command: create account admin newmanager
Enter a case-sensitive new password:********
Enter the new password again for confirmation:********
Success.
DES-3018:4#
NOTICE: CLI configuration commands only modify the running
configuration file and are not saved when the Switch is rebooted. To save
all your configuration changes in nonvolatile storage, you must use the
save command to copy the running configuration file to the startup
configuration.
SNMP Settings
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an OSI Layer 7 (Application Layer) designed specifically for managing and
monitoring network devices. SNMP enables network management stations to read and modify the settings of gateways, routers,
switches, and other network devices. Use SNMP to configure system features for proper operation, monitor performance and
detect potential problems in the Switch, switch group or network.
Managed devices that support SNMP include software (referred to as an agent), which runs locally on the device. A defined set of
variables (managed objects) is maintained by the SNMP agent and used to manage the device. These objects are defined in a
Management Information Base (MIB), which provides a standard presentation of the information controlled by the on-board
SNMP agent. SNMP defines both the format of the MIB specifications and the protocol used to access this information over the
network.
The DES-3018 switch supports SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3. You can specify which version of SNMP you want to use to monitor
and control the Switch. The three versions of SNMP vary in the level of security provided between the management station and
the network device.
19
Page 32
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
In SNMP v.1 and v.2c, user authentication is accomplished using 'community strings', which function like passwords. The remote
user SNMP application and the Switch SNMP must use the same community string. SNMP packets from any station that has not
been authenticated are ignored (dropped).
The default community strings for the Switch used for SNMP v.1 and v.2c management access are:
public - Allows authorized management stations to retrieve MIB objects. •
• private - Allows authorized management stations to retrieve and modify MIB objects.
SNMP v.3 uses a more sophisticated authentication process that is separated into two parts. The first part is to maintain a list of
users and their attributes that are allowed to act as SNMP managers. The second part describes what each user on that list can do
as an SNMP manager.
The Switch allows groups of users to be listed and configured with a shared set of privileges. The SNMP version may also be set
for a listed group of SNMP managers. Thus, you may create a group of SNMP managers that are allowed to view read-only
information or receive traps using SNMP v.1 while assigning a higher level of security to another group, granting read/write privileges using SNMP v.3.
Using SNMP v.3 individual users or groups of SNMP managers can be allowed to perform or be restricted from performing
specific SNMP management functions. The functions allowed or restricted are defined using the Object Identifier (OID)
associated with a specific MIB. An additional layer of security is available for SNMP v.3 in that SNMP messages may be
encrypted. To read more about how to configure SNMP v.3 settings for the Switch read the section entitled Management.
Traps
Traps are messages that alert network personnel of events that occur on the Switch. The events can be as serious as a reboot
(someone accidentally turned OFF the Switch), or less serious like a port status change. The Switch generates traps and sends
them to the trap recipient (or network manager). Typical traps include trap messages for Authentication Failure, Topology Change
and New Root.
MIBs
Management and counter information are stored by the Switch in the Management Information Base (MIB). The Switch uses the
standard MIB-II Management Information Base module. Consequently, values for MIB objects can be retrieved from any SNMPbased network management software. In addition to the standard MIB-II, the Switch also supports its own proprietary enterprise
MIB as an extended Management Information Base. The proprietary MIB may also be retrieved by specifying the MIB Object
Identifier. MIB values can be either read-only or read-write.
20
Page 33
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
IP Address Assignment
Each Switch must be assigned its own IP Address, which is used for communication with an SNMP network manager or other
TCP/IP application (for example BOOTP, TFTP). The Switch's default IP address is 10.90.90.90. You can change the default
Switch IP address to meet the specification of your networking address scheme.
The Switch is also assigned a unique MAC address by the factory. This MAC address cannot be changed, and can be found by
entering the command "show switch" into the command line interface, as shown below.
Figure 4- 4. “show switch” command
The Switch's MAC address can also be found from the Web management program on the DES-3018 Web Management Tool.
The IP address for the Switch must be set before it can be managed with the Web-based manager. The Switch IP address can be
automatically set using BOOTP or DHCP protocols, in which case the actual address assigned to the Switch must be known.
The IP address may be set using the Command Line Interface (CLI) over the console serial port as follows:
Starting at the command line prompt, enter the commands config ipif System ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy.
Where the x's represent the IP address to be assigned to the IP interface named System and the y's represent the corresponding
subnet mask.
Alternatively, you can enter config ipif System ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/z. Where the x's represent the IP address to be
assigned to the IP interface named System and the z represents the corresponding number of subnets in CIDR notation.
The IP interface named System on the Switch can be assigned an IP address and subnet mask, which can then be used to connect a
management station to the Switch's Telnet or Web-based management agent.
21
Page 34
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Figure 4- 5. Assigning the Switch an IP Address
In the above example, the Switch was assigned an IP address of 10.53.13.33 with a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0. The system message
Success indicates that the command was executed successfully. The Switch can now be configured and managed via Telnet and
the CLI or via the Web-based management.
Connecting Devices to the Switch
After you assign IP addresses to the Switch, you can connect devices to the Switch.
To connect a device to an SFP transceiver port:
Use your cabling requirements to select an appropriate SFP transceiver type. •
•
Insert the SFP transceiver (sold separately) into the SFP transceiver slot.
•
Use the appropriate network cabling to connect a device to the connectors on the SFP transceiver.
NOTICE: When the SFP transceiver acquires a link, the associated
integrated 10/100/1000BASE-T port is disabled.
22
Page 35
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Section 5
Introduction to Web-based Switch Configuration
Introduction
Logging on to the Web Manager
Web-Based User Interface
Basic Setup
Reboot
Basic Switch Setup
Network Management
Switch Utilities
Network Monitoring
IGMP Snooping Status
Introduction
All software functions of the DES-3018 switch can be managed, configured and monitored via the embedded web-based (HTML)
interface. The Switch can be managed from remote stations anywhere on the network through a standard browser such as
Netscape Navigator/Communicator, Mozilla or Microsoft Internet Explorer. The browser acts as a universal access tool and can
communicate directly with the Switch using the HTTP protocol.
The Web-based management module and the Console program (and Telnet) are different ways to access the same internal
switching software and configure it. Thus, all settings encountered in web-based management are the same as those found in the
console program.
Logging on to the Web Manager
To begin managing your Switch, simply run the browser you have installed on your computer and point it to the IP address you
have defined for the device. The URL in the address bar should read something like: http://123.123.123.123, where the numbers
123 represent the IP address of the Switch.
NOTE: The Factory default IP address for the Switch is 10.90.90.90.
Once the IP address has been entered, the management module's user authentication window will be presented, as seen below.
Figure 5- 1. Enter Network Password window
23
Page 36
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Leave both the User Name field and the Password field blank and click OK. This will open the Web-based user interface. The
Switch management features available in the web-based manager are explained below.
Web-based User Interface
The user interface provides access to various Switch configuration and management screens, allows you to view performance
statistics, and permits you to graphically monitor the system status.
Areas of the User Interface
The figure below shows the user interface. The user interface is divided into three distinct areas as described in the table.
Area 2
Area 1
Area Function
Area 1
Area 2
Select the menu or window to be displayed. The folder icons can be opened to display the hyperlinked menu buttons and subfolders contained within them. Click the D-Link logo to go to the D-Link
website.
Presents a graphical near real-time image of the front panel of the Switch. This area displays the
Switch's ports and expansion modules, showing port activity, duplex mode, or flow control,
depending on the specified mode.
Area 3
Figure 5- 2. Main Web-Manager Screen
Area 3
Various areas of the graphic can be selected for performing management functions, including port
configuration. The user may also choose the device statistical refresh interval by using the pulldown menu in this section.
Presents switch information based on your selection and the entry of configuration data.
NOTICE: Any changes made to the Switch configuration during the current
session must be saved in the Save Changes web menu (explained below)
or by using the command line interface (CLI) command save.
24
Page 37
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Web Pages
When you connect to the management mode of the Switch with a web browser, a login screen is displayed. Enter a user name and
password to access the Switch's management mode.
Below is a list and description of the main folders available in the web interface:
Administration - Contains screens concerning configurations for IP Address, Port Configuration, User Accounts, Port Mirroring,
System Log Servers, SNTP Settings, MAC Notification, TFTP Services, Ping Test, SNMP Manager, IP-MAC Binding, Single IP
Setting, Forwarding & Filtering and SMTP Service.
Layer 2 Features - Contains screens concerning configurations for Static VLAN Entry, Trunking, IGMP Snooping, Spanning
Tree and Loopback Detection.
CoS - Contains screens concerning configurations for Port Bandwidth, 802.1p Default Priority, 802.1p User Priority, CoS
Scheduling Mechanism, CoS Output Scheduling, Priority Settings, TOS Priority Settings, DSCP Priority Setttings, Port Mapping
Priority Settings, Port Mapping Priority Settings and MAC Priority.
CPU Interface Filtering - Contains screens concerning configurations for CPU Interface Filtering State and the CPU Interface
Filtering Table.
Security - Contains screens concerning configurations for Traffic Control, Port Security, Port Lock Entries, 802.1X, Trusted Host
and Traffic Segmentation.
Monitoring - Contains screens concerning monitoring the Switch, pertaining to CPU Utilization, Port Utilization, Packets, Packet
Errors, Packet Size, MAC Address, Log Settings, IGMP Snooping Group, Browse Router Port, Browse ARP Table, Session Table
and Port Access Control.
NOTE: Be sure to configure the user name and password in the User
Accounts menu before connecting the Switch to the greater network.
25
Page 38
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Administration
Device Information
IP Address
Port Configuration
User Accounts
Port Mirroring
System Log Settings
SNTP Settings
MAC Notification Settings
TFTP Services
Ping Test
SNMP Manager
Section 6
IP-MAC Binding
Single IP Setting
Forwarding and Filtering
SMTP Service
26
Page 39
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
d
d
d
f
a
d
n
y
t
d
r
h
Device Information
The Device Information window shows
the Switch's MAC Address (assigne
by the factory and unchangeable), the
Boot PROM, Firmware Version, an
Hardware Version. This information is
helpful to keep track of PROM an
firmware updates and to obtain the
Switch's MAC address for entry into
another network device's address table, i
necessary. The user may also enter
System Name, System Location an
System Contact to aid in defining the
Switch, to the user's preference. I
addition, this screen displays the status
of functions on the Switch to quickl
assess their current global status. Three
of these functions, Spanning Tree, Por
Mirror and Single IP Management have
a Detail settings
will automatically flip to the
configuration page for that feature. This
serves as a great quick reference fo
network administrators to promptly
assess problems concerning Switc
functions.
link which when clicke
Figure 6- 1. Device Information screen
27
Page 40
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
IP Address
The IP Address may initially be set using the console interface prior to connecting to it through the Ethernet. If the Switch IP
address has not yet been changed, read the introduction of the Command Line Interface Reference Manual or return to Section 4
of this manual for more information.
To change IP settings using the web manager you must access the IP Address menu located in the Configuration folder.
To configure the Switch's IP address:
Open the Administration folder and click the IP Address menu link. The web manager will display the Switch's current IP
settings in the IP configuration menu, as seen below.
Figure 6- 2. IP Address Settings window
To manually assign the Switch's IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway address:
1. Select Manual from the Get IP From drop-down menu.
2. Enter the appropriate IP Address and Subnet Mask.
3. If you want to access the Switch from a different subnet from the one it is installed on, enter the IP address of the Default
Gateway. If you will manage the Switch from the subnet on which it is installed, you can leave the default address
(0.0.0.0) in this field.
4. If no VLANs have been previously configured on the Switch, you can use the default VLAN Name. The default VLAN
contains all of the Switch ports as members. If VLANs have been previously configured on the Switch, you will need to
enter the VLAN ID of the VLAN that contains the port connected to the management station that will access the Switch.
The Switch will allow management access from stations with the same VID listed here.
NOTE: The Switch's factory default IP address is 10.90.90.90 with a
subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 and a default gateway of 0.0.0.0.
To use the BOOTP or DHCP protocols to assign the Switch an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway address:
Use the Get IP From: <Manual> pull-down menu to choose from BOOTP or DHCP. This selects how the Switch will be
assigned an IP address on the next reboot.
The IP Address Settings options are:
Parameter Description
BOOTP The Switch will send out a BOOTP broadcast request when it is powered up. The BOOTP protocol
allows IP addresses, network masks, and default gateways to be assigned by a central BOOTP
server. If this option is set, the Switch will first look for a BOOTP server to provide it with this
information before using the default or previously entered settings.
DHCP The Switch will send out a DHCP broadcast request when it is powered up. The DHCP protocol
allows IP addresses, network masks, and default gateways to be assigned by a DHCP server. If
this option is set, the Switch will first look for a DHCP server to provide it with this information
before using the default or previously entered settings.
28
Page 41
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Manual Allows the entry of an IP address, Subnet Mask, and a Default Gateway for the Switch. These
fields should be of the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where each xxx is a number (represented in decimal
form) between 0 and 255. This address should be a unique address on the network assigned for
use by the network administrator.
Subnet Mask A Bitmask that determines the extent of the subnet that the Switch is on. Should be of the form
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, where each xxx is a number (represented in decimal) between 0 and 255. The
value should be 255.0.0.0 for a Class A network, 255.255.0.0 for a Class B network, and
255.255.255.0 for a Class C network, but custom subnet masks are allowed.
Default
Gateway
IP address that determines where packets with a destination address outside the current subnet
should be sent. This is usually the address of a router or a host acting as an IP gateway. If your
network is not part of an intranet, or you do not want the Switch to be accessible outside your local
network, you can leave this field unchanged.
VLAN Name This allows the entry of a VLAN Name from which a management station will be allowed to manage
the Switch using TCP/IP (in-band via web manager or Telnet). Management stations that are on
VLANs other than the one entered here will not be able to manage the Switch in-band unless their
IP addresses are entered in the Security IP Management menu. If VLANs have not yet been
configured for the Switch, the default VLAN contains all of the Switch's ports. There are no entries
in the Security IP Management table, by default, so any management station that can connect to
the Switch can access the Switch until a management VLAN is specified or Management Station
IP Addresses are assigned.
Auto Config
State
When autoconfig is enabled, the Switch is instructed to get a configuration file via TFTP, and it
becomes a DHCP client automatically. The configuration file will be loaded upon booting up. In
order to use Auto Config, the DHCP server must be set up to deliver the TFTP server IP address
and configuration file name information in the DHCP reply packet. The TFTP server must be
running and have the requested configuration file stored in its base directory when the request is
received from the Switch. Consult the DHCP server and/or TFTP server software instructions for
information on loading a configuration file for use by a client. (Also see the section titled Error!
Reference source not found. for instructions on uploading a configuration to a TFTP server.
If the Switch is unable to complete the autoconfiguration process the previously saved
configuration file present in Switch memory will be loaded.
Description Enter a description of up to 128 alphanumeric characters to identify this IP interface. Only one IP
interface can be set for this switch.
Click Apply to implement changes made.
Setting the Switch's IP Address using the Console Interface
Each Switch must be assigned its own IP Address, which is used for communication with an SNMP network manager
or other TCP/IP application (for example BOOTP, TFTP). The Switch's default IP address is 10.90.90.90. You can
change the default Switch IP address to meet the specification of your networking address scheme.
The IP address for the Switch must be set before it can be managed with the Web-based manager. The Switch IP
address can be automatically set using BOOTP or DHCP protocols, in which case the actual address assigned to the
Switch must be known. The IP address may be set using the Command Line Interface (CLI) over the console serial port
as follows:
•
Starting at the command line prompt, enter the commands config ipif System ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/
yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy. Where the x's represent the IP address to be assigned to the IP interface named System and
the y's represent the corresponding subnet mask.
•
Alternatively, you can enter config ipif System ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/z. Where the x's represent the
IP address to be assigned to the IP interface named System and the z represents the corresponding number of
subnets in CIDR notation.
The IP interface named System on the Switch can be assigned an IP address and subnet mask, which can then be used
to connect a management station to the Switch's Telnet or Web-based management agent.
The system message Success indicates that the command was executed successfully. The Switch can now be
configured and managed via Telnet and the CLI or via the Web-based management agent using the above IP address to
connect to the Switch.
29
Page 42
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
_
_S
(
Port Configuration
This section contains information for configuring various attributes and properties for individual physical ports, including port
speed and includes windows for Port Settings, Port Description and Port Error Disabled.
Port Settings
Clicking on Port Configurations > Port Settings in the Administration folder will display the following window for the user:
Figure 6- 3. Port Configuration and The Port Information Table window
To configure switch ports:
1. Choose the port or sequential range of ports using the From…To… port pull-down menus.
2. Use the remaining pull-down menus to configure the parameters described below:
Parameter Description
State
Speed/Duplex
Toggle the State <Enabled> field to either enable or disable a given port or group of ports.
Toggle the Speed/Duplex field to either select the speed and duplex/half-duplex state of the port.
Auto denotes auto-negotiation between 10 and 100 Mbps devices, in full- or half-duplex. The Auto
setting allows the port to automatically determine the fastest settings the device the port is
connected to can handle, and then to use those settings. The other options are Auto, 10M/Half,
10M/Full, 100M/Half and 100M/Full, 1000M/Full_M and 1000M/Full_S. There is no automatic
adjustment of port settings with any option other than Auto.
The Switch allows the user to configure three types of gigabit connections; 1000M/Full,
1000M/Full_M and 1000M/Full_S. Gigabit connections are only supported in full duplex
connections and take on certain characteristics that are different from the other choices listed.
The 1000M/Full
M (master) and 1000M/Full
30
slave) parameters refer to connections running a
Page 43
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
1000BASE-T cable for connection between the Switch port and other device capable of a gigabit
connection. The master setting (1000M/Full_M) will allow the port to advertise capabilities related
to duplex, speed and physical layer type. The master setting will also determine the master and
slave relationship between the two connected physical layers. This relationship is necessary for
establishing the timing control between the two physical layers. The timing control is set on a
master physical layer by a local source. The slave setting (1000M/Full_S) uses loop timing, where
the timing comes form a data stream received from the master. If one connection is set for
1000M/Full_M, the other side of the connection must be set for 1000M/Full_S. Any other
configuration will result in a link down status for both ports.
Fiber optic ports are statically set and unchangeable at 1000Mbps in Full-Duplex. The user may
configure these ports to be Auto or 1000M/Full.
Flow Control
Displays the flow control scheme used for the various port configurations. Ports configured for fullduplex use 802.3x flow control, half-duplex ports use backpressure flow control, and Auto ports use
an automatic selection of the two. The default is Disabled.
Click Apply to implement the new settings on the Switch.
31
Page 44
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Port Description
The Switch supports a port description feature where the user may name various ports on the Switch. To assign names to various
ports, click the Port Description on the Administration menu:
Figure 6- 4. Port Description Setting and Port Description Table
Use the From and To pull down menu to choose a port or range of ports to describe and then enter a description of the port(s).
Click Apply to set the description in the Port Description Table. To remove a description for a port, select the port, leave the
description field empty and click Apply.
32
Page 45
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Port Err-Disabled
The following window is used to view information about ports that have had their connection status disabled, because of a storm
control anomaly detection. To view the following window, open the Administration folder and click the Port Error Disabled
link.
Figure 6- 5. Port Error Disabled window
The following information can be viewed in the preceding window:
Parameter Description
Port
State
Connection
Reason
Description
Denotes the port on the Switch that has been disabled.
Describes the current running state of the port in question, whether enabled or disabled.
Describes the current running state of the port in question. This field will read err-disabled
when a port has been disabled due to connection errors.
Describes the reason for the error of the current running state of the port, which is exceeding
the Packet Storm Control threshold.
Displays the pre-configured description of the port, configured by the user.
33
Page 46
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
User Accounts
Use the User Accounts Management window to control user privileges. To view existing User Accounts, open the Security
Management folder and click on the User Accounts link. This will open the User Accounts page, as shown below.
Figure 6- 6. User Accounts window
To add a new user, click on the Add button. To modify or delete an existing user, click on the Modify button for that user.
Figure 6- 7. User Account Modify Table - Add
Add a new user by typing in a User Name, and New Password and retype the same password in the Confirm New Password.
Choose the level of privilege (Admin or User) from the Access Right drop-down menu.
Figure 6- 8. User Account Modify Table
Modify or delete an existing user account in the User Account Modify Table. To delete the user account, click on the Delete
button. To change the password, type in the New Password and retype it in the Confirm New Password entry field. The level of
privilege (Admin or User) can be viewed in the Access Right field.
34
Page 47
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Admin and User Privileges
There are two levels of user privileges, Admin and User. Some menu selections available to users with Admin privileges may not
be available to those with User privileges.
The following table summarizes the Admin and User privileges:
Management Admin User
Configuration Yes Read Only
Network Monitoring Yes Read Only
Community Strings and Trap
Stations
Update Firmware and
Configuration Files
System Utilities Yes No
Factory Reset Yes No
User Account Management
Add/Update/Delete User Accounts Yes No
View User Accounts Yes No
After establishing a User Account with Admin-level privileges, be sure to save the changes by opening the Save Changes window
in the Main Menu and clicking the Save Configuration button.
Yes Read Only
Yes No
Table 6- 1. Admin and User Privileges
35
Page 48
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Port Mirroring
The Switch allows you to copy frames transmitted and received on a port and redirect the copies to another port. You can attach a
monitoring device to the mirrored port, such as a sniffer or an RMON probe, to view details about the packets passing through the
first port. This is useful for network monitoring and troubleshooting purposes. To view the Port Mirroring window, click Port
Mirroring in the Administration folder.
To configure a mirror port:
Select the Source Port from where you want to copy frames and the Target Port, which receives the copies from the
•
source port.
•
Select the Source Direction, Ingress, Egress, or Both and change the Status drop-down menu to Enabled.
•
Click Apply to let the changes take effect.
NOTE: You cannot mirror a fast port onto a slower port. For example, if you try to mirror
the traffic from a 100 Mbps port onto a 10 Mbps port, this can cause throughput
problems. The port you are copying frames from should always support an equal or
lower speed than the port to which you are sending the copies. Also, the target port for
the mirroring cannot be a member of a trunk group. Please note a target port and a
source port cannot be the same port.
Figure 6- 9. Port Mirroring window
36
Page 49
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
System Log Settings
The Switch can send Syslog messages to up to four designated servers using the Current System Log Host window. In the
Administration folder, click System Log Settings, to view the screen shown below.
Figure 6- 10. Current System Log Host window
The parameters configured for adding and editing System Log Server settings are the same. To add a new Syslog Server, click
the Add button. To modify a current entry, click the hyperlinked number of the server in the Index field. Both actions will result
in the same screen to configure. See the table below for a description of the parameters in the following window.
Figure 6- 11. Configure System Log Server - Add
The following parameters can be set:
Parameter Description
Index
Server IP
Severity
Facility
Syslog server settings index (1-4).
The IP address of the Syslog server.
This drop-down menu allows you to select the level of messages that will be sent. The options
are Warning, Informational, and All.
Some of the operating system daemons and processes have been assigned Facility values.
Processes and daemons that have not been explicitly assigned a Facility may use any of the
"local use" facilities or they may use the "user-level" Facility. Those Facilities that have been
designated are shown in the following. Bold font denotes the facility values that the Switch
currently implements.
Numerical Facility
Code
0 kernel messages
1 user-level messages
2 mail system
3 system daemons
4 security/authorization messages
5 messages generated internally by syslog line printer subsystem
7 network news subsystem
37
Page 50
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
8 UUCP subsystem
9 clock daemon
10 security/authorization messages
11 FTP daemon
12 NTP subsystem
13 log audit
14 log alert
15 clock daemon
16 local use 0 (local0)
17 local use 1 (local1)
18 local use 2 (local2)
19 local use 3 (local3)
20 local use 4 (local4)
21 local use 5 (local5)
22 local use 6 (local6)
23 local use 7 (local7)
UDP Port (514 or
Enter the UDP port number used for sending Syslog messages. The default is 514.
5000-65535)
Status
Choose Enabled or Disabled to activate or deactivate.
To set the System Log Server configuration, click Apply. To delete an entry from the Current System Log Server window, click
the corresponding under the Delete heading of the entry to delete. To return to the Current System Log Servers window, click
the Show All System Log Servers link.
38
Page 51
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SNTP Settings
Time Setting
To configure the time settings for the Switch, open the Administration folder, then the SNTP Settings folder and click on the
Time Setting link, revealing the following screen for the user to configure.
Figure 6- 12. Current Time Settings window
The following parameters can be set or are displayed:
Parameter Description
Time Settings - Current Time
Current Time
Time Source
SNTP State
SNTP Primary Server
SNTP Secondary
Server
SNTP Poll Interval in
Seconds
Year
Month
Displays the current time.
Displays the source of the time settings viewed here.
Use this pull-down menu to Enable or Disable SNTP.
The IP address of the primary server the SNTP information will be taken from.
The IP address of the secondary server the SNTP information will be taken from.
The interval, in seconds, between requests for updated SNTP information.
Time Settings - Set Current Time
Enter the current year, if you want to update the system clock.
Enter the current month, if you would like to update the system clock.
SNTP Settings
Day
Time in HH MM SS
Click Apply to implement your changes.
Enter the current day, if you would like to update the system clock.
Enter the current time in hours, minutes and seconds, if you would like to update the system
clock.
39
Page 52
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Time Zone and DST
The following are screens used to configure time zones and Daylight Savings time settings for SNTP. Open the Administration
folder, then the SNTP folder and click on the Time Zone and DST link, revealing the following screen.
Figure 6- 13. Time Zone and DST Settings page
The following parameters can be set:
Parameter Description
Time Zone and DST
Daylight Saving
Time State
Daylight Saving
Time Offset in
Minutes
Time Zone Offset
from GMT in +/HH:MM
Using repeating mode will enable DST seasonal time adjustment. Repeating mode requires that the DST beginning
and ending date be specified using a formula. For example, specify to begin DST on Saturday during the second week
of April and end DST on Sunday during the last week of October.
Use this pull-down menu to enable DST Repeating Settings (Repeating) or DST Annual
Settings (Annual). Selecting one of these will allow its corresponding field to be configured.
Use this pull-down menu to specify the amount of time that will constitute your local DST offset
- 30, 60, 90, or 120 minutes.
Use these pull-down menus to specify your local time zone's offset from Greenwich Mean Time
(GMT).
DST Repeating Settings
From Which Week
of the month
From Which Day of
the Week
From Which Month
From What Time
Enter the week of the month that DST will start.
Enter the day of the week that DST will start on.
Enter the month DST will start on.
Enter the time of day that DST will start on.
40
Page 53
HH:MM
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
To Which Week
To Which Day
To Which Month
To What Time
Enter the week of the month the DST will end.
Enter the day of the week that DST will end.
Enter the month that DST will end.
Enter the time DST will end.
HH:MM
DST Annual Settings
Using annual mode will enable DST seasonal time adjustment. Annual mode requires that the DST beginning and
ending date be specified concisely. For example, specify to begin DST on April 3 and end DST on October 14.
From: What Month
From What Date
From What Time
To What Month
To What Day
To What Time
Enter the month DST will start on, each year.
Enter the day of the month DST will start on, each year.
Enter the time of day DST will start on, each year.
Enter the month DST will end on, each year.
Enter the day of the month DST will end on, each year.
Enter the time of day that DST will end on, each year.
Click Apply to implement changes made to the Time Zone and DST window.
41
Page 54
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
MAC Notification Settings
MAC Notification is used to monitor MAC
addresses learned and entered into the forwarding
database. To globally set MAC notification on the
Switch, open the following window by opening the
MAC Notification Settings in the Administration
folder.
Global Settings
The following parameters may be viewed and
modified:
Parameter Description
State
Interval
(sec)
History
Size
Enable or disable MAC notification
globally on the Switch
The time in seconds between
notifications.
The maximum number of entries
listed in the history log used for
notification. Up to 500 entries can
be specified.
Port Settings
To change MAC notification settings for a port or
group of ports on the Switch, configure the
following parameters.
Parameter Description
From…To
State
Select a port or group of ports to
enable for MAC notification using
the pull-down menus.
Enable MAC Notification for the
ports selected using the pulldown menu.
Click Apply to implement changes made.
Figure 6- 14. MAC Notification Settings
42
Page 55
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
TFTP Services
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) services allow the Switch’s firmware to be upgraded by transferring a new firmware file
from a TFTP server to the Switch or vice versa. Use the pull-down menu to select the service to be completed. Download
Firmware is used to transfer a firmware file from an outside source to the Switch using the TFTP Protocol. Download
Configuration is used to transfer a configuration file from an outside source to the Switch using the TFTP Protocol. Upload
Configuration is used to transfer a configuration file from the Switch to an outside source using the TFTP Protocol. Upload Log
is used to transfer the Switch’s log file from the Switch to an outside source using the TFTP Protocol. Once the user has selected
an operation to perform, enter the Server IP Address and the path of the filename in use and click Start to initiate the file
transfer.
Figure 6- 15. TFTP Services screen
Ping Test
Ping is a small program that sends ICMP Echo packets to the IP address you specify. The destination node then responds to or
"echoes" the packets sent from the Switch. This is very useful to verify connectivity between the Switch and other nodes on the
network.
Figure 6- 16. Ping Test
The user may use Infinite times radio button, in the Repeat Pinging for: field, which will tell the ping program to keep sending
ICMP Echo packets to the specified IP address until the program is stopped. The user may opt to choose a specific number of
times to ping the Target IP Address by clicking its radio button and entering a number between 1 and 255. The user can also
choose a Time Out for the ping, which will terminate the ping request if no response packet has returned to the Switch in the
allotted time. Click Start to initiate the Ping program.
43
Page 56
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SNMP Manager
SNMP Settings
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an OSI Layer 7 (Application Layer) designed specifically for managing and
monitoring network devices. SNMP enables network management stations to read and modify the settings of gateways, routers,
switches, and other network devices. Use SNMP to configure system features for proper operation, monitor performance and
detect potential problems in the Switch, switch group or network.
Managed devices that support SNMP include software (referred to as an agent), which runs locally on the device. A defined set of
variables (managed objects) is maintained by the SNMP agent and used to manage the device. These objects are defined in a
Management Information Base (MIB), which provides a standard presentation of the information controlled by the on-board
SNMP agent. SNMP defines both the format of the MIB specifications and the protocol used to access this information over the
network.
The DES-3000 Switch Series supports the SNMP versions 1, 2c, and 3. You can specify which version of the SNMP you want to
use to monitor and control the Switch. The three versions of SNMP vary in the level of security provided between the
management station and the network device.
In SNMP v.1 and v.2, user authentication is accomplished using 'community strings', which function like passwords. The remote
user SNMP application and the Switch SNMP must use the same community string. SNMP packets from any station that has not
been authenticated are ignored (dropped).
The default community strings for the Switch used for SNMP v.1 and v.2 management access are:
public - Allows authorized management stations to retrieve MIB objects.
private - Allows authorized management stations to retrieve and modify MIB objects.
SNMPv3 uses a more sophisticated authentication process that is separated into two parts. The first part is to maintain a list of
users and their attributes that are allowed to act as SNMP managers. The second part describes what each user on that list can do
as an SNMP manager.
The Switch allows groups of users to be listed and configured with a shared set of privileges. The SNMP version may also be set
for a listed group of SNMP managers. Thus, you may create a group of SNMP managers that are allowed to view read-only
information or receive traps using SNMPv1 while assigning a higher level of security to another group, granting read/write privileges using SNMPv3.
Using SNMPv3 individual users or groups of SNMP managers can be allowed to perform or be restricted from performing
specific SNMP management functions. The functions allowed or restricted are defined using the Object Identifier (OID)
associated with a specific MIB. An additional layer of security is available for SNMPv3 in that SNMP messages may be
encrypted. To read more about how to configure SNMPv3 settings for the Switch read the next section.
MIBs
Management and counter information are stored by the Switch in the Management Information Base (MIB). The Switch uses the
standard MIB-II Management Information Base module. Consequently, values for MIB objects can be retrieved from any SNMPbased network management software. In addition to the standard MIB-II, the Switch also supports its own proprietary enterprise
MIB as an extended Management Information Base. The proprietary MIB may also be retrieved by specifying the MIB Object
Identifier. MIB values can be either read-only or read-write.
The DES-3000 Switch Series incorporates a flexible SNMP management for the switching environment. SNMP management can
be customized to suit the needs of the networks and the preferences of the network administrator. Use the SNMP V3 menus to
select the SNMP version used for specific tasks.
The DES-3000 Switch Series supports the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) versions 1, 2c, and 3. The
administrator can specify the SNMP version used to monitor and control the Switch. The three versions of SNMP vary in the level
of security provided between the management station and the network device.
SNMP settings are configured using the menus located on the SNMP V3 folder of the web manager. Workstations on the network
that are allowed SNMP privileged access to the Switch can be restricted with the Management Station IP Address menu.
44
Page 57
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SNMP Trap Settings
The following window is used to enable and disable trap settings for the SNMP function on the Switch. To view this window for
configuration, click Administration > SNMP Manager > SNMP Trap Settings:
Figure 6- 17. SNMP Trap Settings window
To enable or disable the Traps State and/or the Authenticate Traps State, use the corresponding pull-down menu to change and
click Apply.
SNMP User Table
The SNMP User Table displays all of the SNMP User's currently configured on the Switch.
In the SNMP Manager folder, located in the Administration folder, click on the SNMP User Table link. This will open the
SNMP User Table, as shown below.
Figure 6- 18. SNMP User Table
To delete an existing SNMP User Table entry, click the
delete.
To display the detailed entry for a given user, click on the hyperlinked User Name. This will open the SNMP User Table
Display page, as shown below.
Figure 6- 19. SNMP User Table Display
The following parameters are displayed:
Parameter Description
below the Delete heading corresponding to the entry you wish to
User Name
Group Name
SNMP Version
An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters. This is used to identify the SNMP users.
This name is used to specify the SNMP group created can request SNMP messages.
V1 - Indicates that SNMP version 1 is in use.
V2 - Indicates that SNMP version 2 is in use.
45
Page 58
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
V3 - Indicates that SNMP version 3 is in use.
Auth-Protocol
None - Indicates that no authorization protocol is in use.
MD5 - Indicates that the HMAC-MD5-96 authentication level will be used.
SHA - Indicates that the HMAC-SHA authentication protocol will be used.
Priv-Protocol
None - Indicates that no authorization protocol is in use.
DES - Indicates that DES 56-bit encryption is in use based on the CBC-DES (DES-56)
standard.
To return to the SNMP User Table, click the Show All SNMP User Table Entries link.
To add a new entry to the SNMP User Table Configuration, click on the Add button on the SNMP User Table page. This will
open the SNMP User Table Configuration page, as shown below.
Figure 6- 20. SNMP User Table Configuration window
The following parameters can set:
Parameter Description
User Name
Group Name
SNMP Encryption
Enter an alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters. This is used to identify the SNMP user.
This name is used to specify the SNMP group created can request SNMP messages.
Click the encrypted check box to enable encryption for the SNMP protocol. This feature is
for users utilizing the SNMP V3 version. The user may configure the encryption in the
following two fields.
Auth-Protocol
MD5 - Specifies that the HMAC-MD5-96 authentication level will be used. This field is only
operable when V3 is selected in the SNMP Version field and the Encryption field has been
checked. This field will require the user to enter a password.
SHA - Specifies that the HMAC-SHA authentication protocol will be used. This field is only
operable when V3 is selected in the SNMP Version field and the Encryption field has been
checked. This field will require the user to enter a password.
Priv-Protocol
None - Specifies that no authorization protocol is in use.
DES - Specifies that DES 56-bit encryption is in use, based on the CBC-DES (DES-56)
standard. This field is only operable when V3 is selected in the SNMP Version field and the
Encryption field has been checked. This field will require the user to enter a password
between 8 and 16 alphanumeric characters.
To implement changes made, click Apply. To return to the SNMP User Table, click the Show All SNMP User Table Entries
link.
46
Page 59
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SNMP View Table
The SNMP View Table is used to assign views to community strings that define which MIB objects can be accessed by a remote
SNMP manager. To view the SNMP View Table, open the SNMP Manager folder, located in the Administration folder, and
click the SNMP View Table entry. The following screen should appear:
Figure 6- 21. SNMP View Table
To delete an existing SNMP View Table entry, click the
new entry, click the Add button and a separate menu will appear.
Figure 6- 22. SNMP View Table Configuration window
The SNMP Group created with this table maps SNMP users (identified in the SNMP User Table) to the views created in the
previous menu.
The following parameters can set:
Parameter Description
View Name
Type an alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters. This is used to identify the new
SNMP view being created.
in the Delete column corresponding to the entry to delete. To create a
Subtree OID
View Type
To implement your new settings, click Apply. To return to the SNMP View Table, click the Show All SNMP View Table Entries
link.
Type the Object Identifier (OID) Subtree for the view. The OID identifies an object tree
(MIB tree) that will be included or excluded from access by an SNMP manager.
Select Included to include this object in the list of objects that an SNMP manager can
access. Select Excluded to exclude this object from the list of objects that an SNMP
manager can access.
47
Page 60
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SNMP Group Table
An SNMP Group created with this table maps SNMP users (identified in the SNMP User Table) to the views created in the
previous menu. To view the SNMP Group Table, open the SNMP Manager folder, located in the Administration folder, and
click the SNMP Group Table entry. The following screen should appear:
Figure 6- 23. SNMP Group Table
To delete an existing SNMP Group Table entry, click the corresponding
To display the current settings for an existing SNMP Group Table entry, click the hyperlink for the entry under the Group
Name.
Figure 6- 24. SNMP Group Table Display – View window
To add a new entry to the Switch's SNMP Group Table, click the Add button in the upper left-hand corner of the SNMP Group
Table page. This will open the SNMP Group Table Configuration page, as shown below.
under the Delete heading.
48
Page 61
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Figure 6- 25. SNMP Group Table Configuration – Add window
The following parameters can set:
Parameter Description
Group Name
Read View Name
Write View Name
Notify View Name
Security Model
Security Level
Type an alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters. This is used to identify the new SNMP
group of SNMP users.
This name is used to specify the SNMP group created can request SNMP messages.
Specify a SNMP group name for users that are allowed SNMP write privileges to the
Switch's SNMP agent.
Specify a SNMP group name for users that can receive SNMP trap messages generated
by the Switch's SNMP agent.
SNMPv1 - Specifies that SNMP version 1 will be used.
SNMPv2 - Specifies that SNMP version 2c will be used. The SNMPv2 supports both
centralized and distributed network management strategies. It includes improvements in
the Structure of Management Information (SMI) and adds some security features.
SNMPv3 - Specifies that the SNMP version 3 will be used. SNMPv3 provides secure
access to devices through a combination of authentication and encrypting packets over the
network.
The Security Level settings only apply to SNMPv3.
•
NoAuthNoPriv - Specifies that there will be no authorization and no encryption of
packets sent between the Switch and a remote SNMP manager.
•
AuthNoPriv - Specifies that authorization will be required, but there will be no
encryption of packets sent between the Switch and a remote SNMP manager.
•
AuthPriv - Specifies that authorization will be required, and that packets sent
between the Switch and a remote SNMP manger will be encrypted.
To implement your new settings, click Apply. To return to the SNMP Group Table, click the Show All SNMP Group Table
Entries link.
49
Page 62
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SNMP Community Table
Use this table to create an SNMP community string to define the relationship between the SNMP manager and an agent. The
community string acts like a password to permit access to the agent on the Switch. One or more of the following characteristics
can be associated with the community string:
An Access List of IP addresses of SNMP managers that are permitted to use the community string to gain access to the
•
Switch's SNMP agent.
•
Any MIB view that defines the subset of all MIB objects will be accessible to the SNMP community.
•
Read/write or read-only level permission for the MIB objects accessible to the SNMP community.
To configure SNMP Community entries, open the SNMP Manager folder, located in the Administration folder, and click the
SNMP Community Table link, which will open the following screen:
Figure 6- 26. SNMP Community Table window
The following parameters can set:
Parameter Description
Community Name
Type an alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that is used to identify members of an
SNMP community. This string is used like a password to give remote SNMP managers
access to MIB objects in the Switch's SNMP agent.
View Name
Type an alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that is used to identify the group of MIB
objects that a remote SNMP manager is allowed to access on the Switch. The view name
must exist in the SNMP View Table.
Access Right
Read Only - Specifies that SNMP community members using the community string created
can only read the contents of the MIBs on the Switch.
Read Write - Specifies that SNMP community members using the community string created
can read from, and write to the contents of the MIBs on the Switch.
To implement the new settings, click Apply. To delete an entry from the SNMP Community Table, click the under the Delete
heading, corresponding to the entry to delete.
50
Page 63
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SNMP Host Table
Use the SNMP Host Table to set up SNMP trap recipients.
Open the SNMP Manager folder, located in the Administration folder, and click on the SNMP Host Table link. This will open
the SNMP Host Table page, as shown below.
To delete an existing SNMP Host Table entry, click the corresponding
To display the current settings for an existing SNMP Group Table entry, click the blue link for the entry under the Host IP
Address heading.
Figure 6- 27. SNMP Host Table
To add a new entry to the Switch's SNMP Host Table, click the Add button in the upper left-hand corner of the page. This will
open the SNMP Host Table Configuration page, as shown below.
under the Delete heading.
Figure 6- 28. SNMP Host Table Configuration window
The following parameters can set:
Parameter Description
Host IP Address
SNMP Version
Community String or
SNMP V3 User Name
To implement your new settings, click Apply. To return to the SNMP Host Table, click the Show All SNMP Host Table Entries
link.
Type the IP address of the remote management station that will serve as the SNMP host
for the Switch.
V1 - To specifies that SNMP version 1 will be used.
V2 - To specify that SNMP version 2 will be used.
V3-NoAuth-NoPriv - To specify that the SNMP version 3 will be used, with a NoAuth-
NoPriv security level.
V3-Auth-NoPriv - To specify that the SNMP version 3 will be used, with an Auth-NoPriv
security level.
V3-Auth-Priv - To specify that the SNMP version 3 will be used, with an Auth-Priv security
level.
Type in the community string or SNMP V3 user name as appropriate.
51
Page 64
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SNMP Engine ID
The Engine ID is a unique identifier used for SNMP V3 implementations. This is an alphanumeric string used to identify the
SNMP engine on the Switch.
To display the Switch's SNMP Engine ID, open the SNMP Manger folder, located in the Administration folder, and click on the
SNMP Engine ID link. This will open the SNMP Engine ID Configuration window, as shown below.
Figure 6- 29. SNMP Engine ID Configuration window
To change the Engine ID, type the new Engine ID in the space provided and click the Apply button.
52
Page 65
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
IP-MAC Binding
The IP network layer uses a four-byte address. The Ethernet link layer uses a six-byte MAC address. Binding these two address
types together allows the transmission of data between the layers. The primary purpose of IP-MAC binding is to restrict the access
to a switch to a number of authorized users. Only the authorized client can access the Switch’s port by checking the pair of IPMAC addresses with the pre-configured database. If an unauthorized user tries to access an IP-MAC binding enabled port, the
system will block the access by dropping its packet. The maximum number of IP-MAC binding entries is dependant on chip
capability (e.g. the ARP table size) and storage size of the device. The maximum number of IP-MAC Binding entries is 500. The
creation of authorized users can be manually configured by CLI or Web. The function is port-based, this means a user can enable
or disable the function on the individual port.
IP-MAC Binding Port
The IP-MAC Ports Settings menu is used to enable IP-MAC binding on a per port basis. Ports that are enabled will apply the IPMAC check to ingress packets for the port. The IP-MAC database used for the check must be set up with the IP-MAC Binding
Table (see below).
To enable or disable IP-MAC binding on specific ports, click IP-MAC Binding Port in the IP-MAC Binding folder on the
Configuration Menu to open the IP-MAC Binding Ports window. Select a port or a range of ports with the From and To fields.
Enable or disable the port with the State field.
The Zero IP field is used to allow ARP packets entrance to the Switch when these packets have an IP address of 0.0.0.0,
regardless of whether or not the 0.0.0.0 IP address is set in the IP-MAC Binding table. When the Zero IP field is set to Disabled,
ARP packets containing the 0.0.0.0 IP address are dropped.
Click Apply to save changes.
Figure 6- 30. IP-MAC Binding Ports window
When IP-MAC Binding Ports are enabled, use the IP-MAC Binding menu to configure the IP-MAC binding as applied to the
enabled ports.
53
Page 66
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
IP-MAC Binding Table
The window shown below can be used to create IP-MAC binding entries. Click the IP-MAC Binding Table on the IP-MAC
Binding folder to view the IP-MAC Binding Setting window. Enter the IP and MAC addresses of the authorized users in the
appropriate fields and click Add. To use IP-MAC binding checking on specific ports, the ports must first be enabled in the IPMAC Binding Ports menu (see above). The ports are specified in the Port field as a range of integers (for example “1-3”) or
select the All option to apply to all ports.
Figure 6- 31. IP-MAC Binding Table menu
The Address Binding Trap Log Settings field will enable and disable the sending of trap log messages for IP-MAC binding.
When enabled, the Switch will send a trap log message to the SNMP agent and the Switch log when an ARP packet is received
that doesn’t match the IP-MAC binding configuration set on the Switch.
To modify either the IP address or the MAC address of the binding entry, make the desired changes in the appropriate field and
Click Modify. To find an IP-MAC binding entry, enter the IP and MAC addresses and click Find. To delete an entry click Delete.
To clear all the entries from the table click Delete All.
54
Page 67
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
IP-MAC Binding Blocked
To view unauthorized devices that have been blocked by IP-MAC binding restrictions open the IP-MAC Binding Blocked
window show below. Click IP-MAC Binding Blocked in the IP-MAC Binding folder to open the IP-MAC Binding Blocked
window.
Figure 6- 32. IP-MAC Binding Blocked window
To find an unauthorized device that has been blocked by the IP-MAC binding restrictions, enter the VLAN name and MAC
Address in the appropriate fields and click Find. To delete an entry click the
entries in the IP-MAC Binding Blocked Table click Delete All.
55
next to the entry’s MAC address. To delete all the
Page 68
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
D-Link Single IP Management
Single IP Management (SIM) Overview
Simply put, D-Link Single IP Management is a concept that will stack switches together over Ethernet instead of using stacking
ports or modules. There are some advantages in implementing the "Single IP Management" feature:
1. SIM can simplify management of small workgroups or wiring closets while scaling the network to handle increased
bandwidth demand.
2. SIM can reduce the number of IP address needed in your network.
3. SIM can eliminate any specialized cables for stacking connectivity and remove the distance barriers that typically limit
your topology options when using other stacking technology.
Switches using D-Link Single IP Management (labeled here as SIM) must conform to the following rules:
•
SIM is an optional feature on the Switch and can easily be enabled or disabled through the Command Line Interface or
Web Interface. SIM grouping has no effect on the normal operation of the Switch in the user's network.
•
There are three classifications for SIM. The Commander Switch (CS), which is the master switch of the group,
Member Switch (MS), which is a switch that is recognized by the CS a member of a SIM group, and a Candidate
Switch (CaS), which is a Switch that has a physical link to the SIM group but has not been recognized by the CS as a
member of the SIM group.
•
A SIM group can only have one Commander Switch (CS).
•
All switches in a particular SIM group must be in the same IP subnet (broadcast domain). Members of a SIM group
cannot cross a router.
•
A SIM group accepts up to 33 switches (numbered 0-32), including the Commander Switch (numbered 0).
There is no limit to the number of SIM groups in the same IP subnet (broadcast domain), however a single switch can only belong
to one group.
If multiple VLANs are configured, the SIM group will only utilize the default VLAN on any switch.
SIM allows intermediate devices that do not support SIM. This enables the user to manage switches that are more than one hop
away from the CS.
The SIM group is a group of switches that are managed as a single entity. SIM switches may take on three different roles:
1. Commander Switch (CS) - This is a switch that has been manually configured as the controlling device for a group, and
takes on the following characteristics:
•
It has an IP Address.
•
It is not a commander switch or member switch of another Single IP group.
•
It is connected to the member switches through its management VLAN.
2. Member Switch (MS) - This is a switch that has joined a single IP group and is accessible from the CS, and it takes on
the following characteristics:
•
It is not a CS or MS of another Single IP group.
•
It is connected to the CS through the CS management VLAN.
3. Candidate Switch (CaS) - This is a switch that is ready to join a SIM group but is not yet a member of the SIM group.
The Candidate Switch may join the SIM group of a switch by manually configuring it to be a MS of a SIM group. A
switch configured as a CaS is not a member of a SIM group and will take on the following characteristics:
•
It is not a CS or MS of another Single IP group.
•
It is connected to the CS through the CS management VLAN
After configuring one switch to operate as the CS of a SIM group, additional switches may join the group through a direct
connection to the Commander switch. Only the Commander switch will allow entry to the candidate switch enabled for SIM. The
CS will then serve as the in band entry point for access to the MS. The CS's IP address will become the path to all MS's of the
group and the CS's Administrator's password, and/or authentication will control access to all MS's of the SIM group.
With SIM enabled, the applications in the CS will redirect the packet instead of executing the packets. The applications will
decode the packet from the administrator, modify some data, then send it to the MS. After execution, the CS may receive a
response packet from the MS, which it will encode and send it back to the administrator.
When a CaS becomes an MS, it automatically becomes a member of the first SNMP community (include read/write and read
only) to which the CS belongs. However, if a MS has its own IP address, it can belong to SNMP communities to which other
switches in the group, including the CS, do not belong.
56
Page 69
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SIM Using the Web Interface
All switches are set as Candidate (CaS) switches as their factory default configuration and Single IP Management will be disabled.
To enable SIM for the Switch using the Web interface, go to the Single IP Management folder, located in the Administration
folder, and click the SIM Settings link, revealing the following window.
Figure 6- 33. SIM Settings window (disabled)
Change the SIM State to Enabled using the pull down menu and click Apply. The screen will then refresh and the SIM Settings
window will look like this:
Figure 6- 34. SIM Settings window (enabled)
The following parameters can be set:
Parameters Description
SIM State
Role State
Discovery Interval
Holdtime
Use the pull down menu to either enable or disable the SIM state on the Switch. Disabled will
render all SIM functions on the Switch inoperable.
Use the pull down menu to change the SIM role of the Switch. The two choices are:
•
Candidate - A Candidate Switch (CaS) is not the member of a SIM group but is
connected to a Commander Switch. This is the default setting for the SIM role.
•
Commander - Choosing this parameter will make the Switch a Commander Switch
(CS). The user may join other switches to this Switch, over Ethernet, to be part of
its SIM group. Choosing this option will also enable the Switch to be configured for
SIM.
The user may set the discovery protocol interval, in seconds that the Switch will send out
discovery packets. Returning information to a Commander Switch will include information
about other switches connected to it. (Ex. MS, CaS). The user may set the Discovery
Interval from 30 to 90 seconds.
This parameter may be set for the time, in seconds the Switch will hold information sent to it
from other switches, utilizing the Discovery Interval. The user may set the hold time from
100 to 255 seconds.
Click Apply to implement the settings changed.
After enabling the Switch to be a Commander Switch (CS), the Single IP Management folder will then contain three added links
to aid the user in configuring SIM through the web, including Topology, Firmware Upgrade and Configuration
Backup/Restore.
57
Page 70
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Topology
The Topology window will be used to configure and manage the Switch within the SIM group and requires Java script to function
properly on your computer.
The Java Runtime Environment on your server should initiate and lead you to the topology window, as seen below.
Figure 6- 35. Single IP Management window - Tree View
The Tree View window holds the following information under the Data tab:
Parameter Description
Device Name
Local Port
Speed
Remote Port
MAC Address
Model Name
To view the Topology Map, click the View menu in the toolbar and then Topology, which will produce the following screen. The
Topology View will refresh itself periodically (20 seconds by default).
This field will display the Device Name of the switches in the SIM group configured by the
user. If no Device Name is configured by the name, it will be given the name default and
tagged with the last six digits of the MAC Address to identify it.
Displays the number of the physical port on the CS that the MS or CaS is connected to. The
CS will have no entry in this field.
Displays the connection speed between the CS and the MS or CaS.
Displays the number of the physical port on the MS or CaS that the CS is connected to. The
CS will have no entry in this field.
Displays the MAC Address of the corresponding Switch.
Displays the full Model Name of the corresponding Switch.
58
Page 71
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Figure 6- 36. Topology view
This screen will display how the devices within the Single IP Management Group are connected to other groups and devices.
Possible icons in this screen are as follows:
Icon Description
Group
Layer 2 commander switch
Layer 3 commander switch
Commander switch of other group
Layer 2 member switch.
Layer 3 member switch
Member switch of other group
Layer 2 candidate switch
Layer 3 candidate switch
Unknown device
Non-SIM devices
59
Page 72
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Tool Tips
In the Topology view window, the mouse plays an important role in configuration and in viewing device information. Setting the
mouse cursor over a specific device in the topology window (tool tip) will display the same information about a specific device as
the Tree view does. See the window below for an example.
Figure 6- 37. Device Information Utilizing the Tool Tip
Setting the mouse cursor over a line between two devices will display the connection speed between the two devices, as shown
below.
Figure 6- 38. Port Speed Utilizing the Tool Tip
60
Page 73
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Right Click
Right clicking on a device will allow the user to perform various functions, depending on the role of the Switch in the SIM group
and the icon associated with it.
Group Icon
Figure 6- 39. Right Clicking a Group Icon
The following options may appear for the user to configure:
Collapse - to collapse the group that will be represented by a single icon. •
•
Expand - to expand the SIM group, in detail.
•
Property - to pop up a window to display the group information.
Commander Switch Icon
Figure 6- 40. Property window
Figure 6- 41. Right Clicking a Commander Icon
The following options may appear for the user to configure:
Collapse - to collapse the group that will be represented by a single icon. •
61
Page 74
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Expand - to expand the SIM group, in detail. •
• Property - to pop up a window to display the group information.
Figure 6- 42. Property window
Member Switch Icon
Figure 6- 43. Right Clicking a Member icon
The following options may appear for the user to configure:
Collapse - to collapse the group that will be represented by a single icon. •
•
Expand - to expand the SIM group, in detail.
•
Remove from group - remove a member from a group.
•
Configure - launch the web management to configure the Switch.
•
Property - to pop up a window to display the device information.
Figure 6- 44. Property window
62
Page 75
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Candidate Switch Icon
Figure 6- 45. Right Clicking a Candidate icon
The following options may appear for the user to configure:
Collapse - to collapse the group that will be represented by a single icon. •
•
Expand - to expand the SIM group, in detail.
•
Add to group - add a candidate to a group. Clicking this option will reveal the following screen for the user to enter a
password for authentication from the Candidate Switch before being added to the SIM group. Click OK to enter the
password or Cancel to exit the window.
Figure 6- 46. Input password window.
Property - to pop up a window to display the device information, as shown below. •
Figure 6- 47. Device Property window.
This window holds the following information:
Parameter Description
Device Name
This field will display the Device Name of the switches in the SIM group configured by the
user. If no Device Name is configured by the name, it will be given the name default and
tagged with the last six digits of the MAC Address to identify it.
Module Name
MAC Address
Displays the full module name of the switch that was right-clicked.
Displays the MAC Address of the corresponding Switch.
63
Page 76
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Remote Port No.
Local Port No.
Port Speed
Click Close to close the Property window.
Displays the number of the physical port on the MS or CaS that the CS is connected to. The
CS will have no entry in this field.
Displays the number of the physical port on the CS that the MS or CaS is connected to. The
CS will have no entry in this field.
Displays the connection speed between the CS and the MS or CaS
Menu Bar
The Single IP Management window contains a menu bar for device configurations, as seen below.
Figure 6- 48. Menu Bar of the Topology View
The five menus on the menu bar are as follows.
File
Print Setup - will view the image to be printed. •
•
Print Topology - will print the topology map.
•
Group
•
Device
•
View
Preference - will set display properties, such as polling interval, and the views to open at SIM startup.
Add to group - add a candidate to a group. Clicking this option will reveal the following screen for the user to enter a
password for authentication from the Candidate Switch before being added to the SIM group. Click OK to enter the
password or Cancel to exit the window.
Figure 6- 49. Input password window.
Remove from Group - remove an MS from the group. •
Configure - will open the web manager for the specific device.
•
•
Help
•
Refresh - update the views with the latest status.
Topology - display the Topology view.
About - Will display the SIM information, including the current SIM version.
64
Page 77
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
NOTE: Upon this firmware release, some functions of the SIM can only be configured
through the Command Line Interface. See the DES-30XX CLI Manual for more
information on SIM and its configurations.
Firmware Upgrade
This screen is used to upgrade firmware from the Commander Switch to the Member Switch. To access the following window,
click Administration > Single IP Setting> Firmware Upgrade. Member Switches will be listed in the table and will be
specified by Port (port on the CS where the MS resides), MAC Address, Model Name and Version. To specify a certain Switch
for firmware download, click its corresponding check box under the Port heading. To update the firmware, enter the Server IP
Address where the firmware resides and enter the Path/Filename of the firmware. Click Download to initiate the file transfer.
Figure 6- 50. Firmware Upgrade window
Configuration File Backup/Restore
This screen is used to upgrade configuration files from the Commander Switch to the Member Switch using a TFTP server.
Member Switches will be listed in the table and will be specified by Port (port on the CS where the MS resides), MAC Address,
Model Name and Version. To specify a certain Switch for upgrading configuration files, click its corresponding radio button
under the Port heading. To update the configuration file, enter the Server IP Address where the file resides and enter the
Path/Filename of the configuration file. Click Download to initiate the file transfer from a TFTP server to the Switch. Click
Upload to backup the configuration file to a TFTP server.
Figure 6- 51. Configuration File Backup/Restore window
65
Page 78
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Upload Log File
The following window is used to upload log files from SIM member switches to a specified PC. To view this window click
Administration > Single IP Management > Upload Log File. To upload a log file, enter the IP address of the SIM member
switch and then enter a path on your PC where you wish to save this file. Click Upload to initiate the file transfer.
Figure 6- 52. Upload Log File window
66
Page 79
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Forwarding & Filtering
Unicast Forwarding
Open the Forwarding & Filtering folder in the Administration menu and click on the Unicast Forwarding link. This will open
the Setup Static Unicast Forwarding Table, as shown below:
Figure 6- 53. Unicast Forwarding Table and Static Unicast Forwarding Table window
To add or edit an entry, define the following parameters and then click Add/Modify:
Parameter Description
VLAN ID (VID)
MAC Address
Port
Click Apply to implement the changes made. Current entries can be found in the Static Unicast Forwarding Table as shown in
the bottom half of the figure above. To delete an entry in the Static Unicast Forwarding Table, click the corresponding under
the Delete heading.
The VLAN ID number of the VLAN on which the above Unicast MAC address resides.
The MAC address to which packets will be statically forwarded. This must be a unicast
MAC address.
Allows the selection of the port number on which the MAC address entered above
resides.
67
Page 80
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Multicast Forwarding
The following figure and table describe how to set up Multicast Forwarding on the Switch. Open the Forwarding & Filtering
folder in the Administration menu, and click on the Multicast Forwarding link to see the entry screen below:
Figure 6- 54. Static Multicast Forwarding Settings and Current Multicast Forwarding Entries window
The Static Multicast Forwarding Settings page displays all of the entries made into the Switch's static multicast forwarding
table. Click the Add button to open the Setup Static Multicast Forwarding Table, as shown below:
Figure 6- 55. Setup Static Multicast Forwarding Table
The following parameters can be set:
Parameter Description
VID
Multicast MAC
Address
Port
Click Apply to implement the changes made. To delete an entry in the Static Multicast Forwarding Table, click the
corresponding under the Delete heading. Click the Show All Multicast Forwarding Entries link to return to the Static Multicast
Forwarding Settings window.
The VLAN ID of the VLAN to which the corresponding MAC address belongs.
The MAC address of the static source of multicast packets. This must be a multicast MAC
address.
Allows the selection of ports that will be members of the static multicast group. The options
are:
None - No restrictions on the port dynamically joining the multicast group. When None is
chosen, the port will not be a member of the Static Multicast Group.
Egress - The port is a static member of the multicast group.
68
Page 81
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Multicast Filtering
Use the Multicast Filtering Mode Setting menu to select one of two filtering options for multicast packets:
• Forward unregistered groups – This default setting will forward all multicast streams.
• Filter unregistered groups – This settings will forward multicasts only to registered multicast groups. Multicast to
unregistered groups are blocked.
Figure 6- 56. Configure Multicast Filtering Mode
Select the desired Multicast Filtering Mode setting and click Apply to effect the change.
69
Page 82
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SMTP Service
SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a function of the Switch that will send switch events to mail recipients based on e-mail
addresses entered using the commands below. The Switch is to be configured as a client of SMTP while the server is a remote
device that will receive messages from the Switch, place the appropriate information into an e-mail and deliver it to recipients
configured on the Switch. This can benefit the Switch administrator by simplifying the management of small workgroups or
wiring closets, increasing the speed of handling emergency Switch events and enhancing security by recording questionable
events occurring on the Switch.
The Switch plays four important roles as a client in the functioning of SMTP:
• The server and server virtual port must be correctly configured for this function to work properly. This is accomplished in
the SMTP Service Settings window by properly configuring the SMTP Server Address and SMTP Server Port fields.
• Mail recipients must be configured on the Switch. This information is sent to the server which then processes the
information and then e-mails Switch information to these recipients. Up to 8 e-mail recipients can be configured on the
Switch using the SMTP Service Settings window by configuring the Mail Receiver Address field.
• The administrator can configure the source mail address from which messages are delivered to configured recipients. This
can offer more information to the administrator about Switch functions and problems. The personal e-mail can be
configured using the SMTP Service Settings window and setting the Self Mail Address field.
• The Switch can be configured to send out test mail to first ensure that the recipient will receive e-mails from the SMTP
server regarding the Switch. To configure this test mail, the SMTP function must first be enabled by configuring the
SMTP State in the SMTP Service Settings window and then by sending an email using the SMTP Service window. All
recipients configured for SMTP will receive a sample test message from the SMTP server, ensuring the reliability of this
function.
The Switch will send out e-mail to recipients when one or more of the following events occur:
• When a cold start occurs on the Switch.
• When a port enters a link down status.
• When a port enters a link up status.
• When SNMP authentication has been denied by the Switch.
• When a switch configuration entry has been saved to the NVRAM by the Switch.
• When an abnormality occurs on TFTP during a firmware download event. This includes in-process, invalid-file, violation,
file-not-found, complete and time-out messages from the TFTP server.
• When a system reset occurs on the Switch.
Information within the e-mail from the SMTP server regarding switch events includes:
• The source device name and IP address.
• A timestamp denoting the identity of the SMTP server and the client that sent the message, as well as the time and date of
the message received from the Switch. Messages that have been relayed will have timestamps for each relay.
• The event that occurred on the Switch, prompting the e-mail message to be sent.
• When an event is processed by a user, such as save or firmware upgrade, the IP address, MAC address and User Name of
the user completing the task will be sent along with the system message of the event occurred.
• When the same event occurs more than once, the second mail message and every repeating mail message following will
have the system’s error message placed in the subject line of the mail message.
The following details events occurring during the Delivery Process.
• Urgent mail will have high priority and be immediately dispatched to recipients while normal mail will be placed in a
queue for future transmission.
• The maximum number of untransmitted mail messages placed in the queue cannot exceed 30 messages. Any new
messages will be discarded if the queue is full.
• If the initial message sent to a mail recipient is not delivered, it will be placed in the waiting queue until its place in the
queue has been reached, and then another attempt to transmit the message is made.
• The maximum attempts for delivering mail to recipients is three. Mail message delivery attempts will be tried every five
minutes until the maximum number of attempts is reached. Once reached and the message has not been successfully
delivered, the message will be dropped and not received by the mail recipient.
If the Switch shuts down or reboots, mail messages in the waiting queue will be lost.
70
Page 83
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SMTP Server Settings
The following window is used to configure the fields to set up the SMTP server for the switch, along with setting e-mail
addresses to which switch log files can be sent when a problem arises on the Switch. To open the following window, open the
Administration folder, then the SMTP Service folder and then click the SMTP Server Settings link.
Figure 6- 57. SMTP Service Settings and Mail Receiver Address Table window
The following parameters can be set:
Parameter Description
SMTP State
SMTP Server Address
SMTP Server Port
Self Mail Address
Mail Receiver Address
Click Apply to implement changes made.
Use the pull-down menu to enable or disable the SMTP service on this device.
Enter the IP address of the SMTP server on a remote device. This will be the device that
sends out the mail for you.
Enter the virtual port number that the Switch will connect with on the SMTP server. The
common port number for SMTP is 25, yet a value between 1 and 65535 can be chosen.
Enter the e-mail address from which mail messages will be sent. This address will be the
“from” address on the e-mail message sent to a recipient. Only one self mail address can
be configured for this Switch. This string can be no more that 64 alphanumeric characters.
Enter a list of e-mail addresses so recipients can receive e-mail messages regarding
Switch functions. Up to 8 e-mail addresses can be added per Switch. Do delete these
addresses from the Switch, click it’s corresponding under the Delete heading in the Mail
Receiver Address Table.
71
Page 84
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
SMTP Service
The following window is used to send test messages to all mail recipients configured on the Switch, thus testing the configurations
set and the reliability of the SMTP server. To access the following window, open the Administration folder, then the SMTP
Service Folder and click the SMTP Service link.
Figure 6- 58. SMTP Mail Service
The following parameters can be set:
Parameter Description
Subject
Content
Once your message is ready, click Send to send this mail to all recipients configured on the Switch for SMTP.
Enter the subject of the test e-mail.
Enter the content of the test e-mail.
72
Page 85
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Section 7
L2 Features
VLANs
Trunking
IGMP Snooping
Spanning Tree
VLANs
VLAN Description
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a network topology configured according to a logical scheme rather than the physical
layout. VLANs can be used to combine any collection of LAN segments into an autonomous user group that appears as a single
LAN. VLANs also logically segment the network into different broadcast domains so that packets are forwarded only between
ports within the VLAN. Typically, a VLAN corresponds to a particular subnet, although not necessarily.
VLANs can enhance performance by conserving bandwidth, and improve security by limiting traffic to specific domains.
A VLAN is a collection of end nodes grouped by logic instead of physical location. End nodes that frequently communicate with
each other are assigned to the same VLAN, regardless of where they are physically on the network. Logically, a VLAN can be
equated to a broadcast domain, because broadcast packets are forwarded to only members of the VLAN on which the broadcast
was initiated.
Notes about VLANs on the Switch
No matter what basis is used to uniquely identify end nodes and assign these nodes VLAN membership, packets cannot cross
VLANs without a network device performing a routing function between the VLANs.
The Switch supports IEEE 802.1Q VLANs. The port untagging function can be used to remove the 802.1Q tag from packet
headers to maintain compatibility with devices that are tag-unaware.
The Switch's default is to assign all ports to a single 802.1Q VLAN named "default."
The "default" VLAN has a VID = 1.
The member ports of Port-based VLANs may overlap, if desired.
IEEE 802.1Q VLANs
Some relevant terms:
Tagging - The act of putting 802.1Q VLAN information into the header of a packet.
Untagging - The act of stripping 802.1Q VLAN information out of the packet header.
Ingress port - A port on a switch where packets are flowing into the Switch and VLAN decisions must be made.
Egress port - A port on a switch where packets are flowing out of the Switch, either to another switch or to an end station, and
tagging decisions must be made.
IEEE 802.1Q (tagged) VLANs are implemented on the Switch. 802.1Q VLANs require tagging, which enables them to span the
entire network (assuming all switches on the network are IEEE 802.1Q-compliant).
VLANs allow a network to be segmented in order to reduce the size of broadcast domains. All packets entering a VLAN will only
be forwarded to the stations (over IEEE 802.1Q enabled switches) that are members of that VLAN, and this includes broadcast,
multicast and unicast packets from unknown sources.
VLANs can also provide a level of security to your network. IEEE 802.1Q VLANs will only deliver packets between stations that
are members of the VLAN.
Any port can be configured as either tagging or untagging. The untagging feature of IEEE 802.1Q VLANs allows VLANs to work
with legacy switches that don't recognize VLAN tags in packet headers. The tagging feature allows VLANs to span multiple
802.1Q-compliant switches through a single physical connection and allows Spanning Tree to be enabled on all ports and work
normally.
73
Page 86
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
f
r
d
The IEEE 802.1Q standard restricts the forwarding of untagged packets to the VLAN of which the receiving port is a member.
The main characteristics of IEEE 802.1Q are as follows:
• Assigns packets to VLANs by filtering.
• Assumes the presence of a single global spanning tree.
• Uses an explicit tagging scheme with one-level tagging.
• 802.1Q VLAN Packet Forwarding
• Packet forwarding decisions are made based upon the
following three types of rules:
• Ingress rules - rules relevant to the classification o
received frames belonging to a VLAN.
• Forwarding rules between ports - decides whether to filte
or forward the packet.
• Egress rules - determines if the packet must be sent tagge
or untagged.
Figure 7- 1. IEEE 802.1Q Packet Forwarding
802.1Q VLAN Tags
The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC address. Their
presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the EtherType field. When a packet's EtherType field is equal to 0x8100, the packet
carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in the following two octets and consists of 3 bits of user priority, 1 bit of
Canonical Format Identifier (CFI - used for encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can be carried across Ethernet backbones),
and 12 bits of VLAN ID (VID). The 3 bits of user priority are used by 802.1p. The VID is the VLAN identifier and is used by the
802.1Q standard. Because the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLANs can be identified.
The tag is inserted into the packet header making the entire packet longer by 4 octets. All of the information originally contained
in the packet is retained.
Figure 7- 2. IEEE 802.1Q Tag
74
Page 87
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
The EtherType and VLAN ID are inserted after the MAC source address, but before the original EtherType/Length or Logical
Link Control. Because the packet is now a bit longer than it was originally, the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) must be
recalculated.
Figure 7- 3. Adding an IEEE 802.1Q Tag
Tagging and Untagging
Every port on an 802.1Q compliant switch can be configured as tagging or untagging.
Ports with tagging enabled will put the VID number, priority and other VLAN information into the header of all packets that flow
into and out of it. If a packet has previously been tagged, the port will not alter the packet, thus keeping the VLAN information
intact. The VLAN information in the tag can then be used by other 802.1Q compliant devices on the network to make packet-forwarding decisions.
Ports with untagging enabled will strip the 802.1Q tag from all packets that flow into and out of those ports. If the packet doesn't
have an 802.1Q VLAN tag, the port will not alter the packet. Thus, all packets received by and forwarded by an untagging port
will have no 802.1Q VLAN information. (Remember that the PVID is only used internally within the Switch). Untagging is used
to send packets from an 802.1Q-compliant network device to a non-compliant network device.
Ingress Filtering
A port on a switch where packets are flowing into the Switch and VLAN decisions must be made is referred to as an ingress port.
If ingress filtering is enabled for a port, the Switch will examine the VLAN information in the packet header (if present) and
decide whether or not to forward the packet.
If the packet is tagged with VLAN information, the ingress port will first determine if the ingress port itself is a member of the
tagged VLAN. If it is not, the packet will be dropped. If the ingress port is a member of the 802.1Q VLAN, the Switch then
determines if the destination port is a member of the 802.1Q VLAN. If it is not, the packet is dropped. If the destination port is a
member of the 802.1Q VLAN, the packet is forwarded and the destination port transmits it to its attached network segment.
If the packet is not tagged with VLAN information, the ingress port will tag the packet with its own PVID as a VID (if the port is
a tagging port). The switch then determines if the destination port is a member of the same VLAN (has the same VID) as the
ingress port. If it does not, the packet is dropped. If it has the same VID, the packet is forwarded and the destination port transmits
it on its attached network segment.
This process is referred to as ingress filtering and is used to conserve bandwidth within the Switch by dropping packets that are
not on the same VLAN as the ingress port at the point of reception. This eliminates the subsequent processing of packets that will
just be dropped by the destination port.
Default VLANs
The Switch initially configures one VLAN, VID = 1, called "default." The factory default setting assigns all ports on the Switch to
the "default." As new VLANs are configured in Port-based mode, their respective member ports are removed from the "default."
Packets cannot cross VLANs. If a member of one VLAN wants to connect to another VLAN, the link must be through an external
router.
NOTE: If no VLANs are configured on the Switch, then all packets will be
forwarded to any destination port. Packets with unknown source
addresses will be flooded to all ports. Broadcast and multicast packets will
also be flooded to all ports.
An example is presented below:
75
Page 88
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
VLAN Name VID Switch Ports
System (default) 1 5, 6, 7, 8, 21, 22, 23, 24
Engineering 2 9, 10, 11, 12
Marketing 3 13, 14, 15, 16
Finance 4 17, 18, 19, 20
Sales 5 1, 2, 3, 4
Table 7- 1. VLAN Example - Assigned Ports
VLAN Segmentation
Take for example a packet that is transmitted by a machine on Port 1 that is a member of VLAN 2. If the destination lies on
another port (found through a normal forwarding table lookup), the Switch then looks to see if the other port (Port 10) is a member
of VLAN 2 (and can therefore receive VLAN 2 packets). If Port 10 is not a member of VLAN 2, then the packet will be dropped
by the Switch and will not reach its destination. If Port 10 is a member of VLAN 2, the packet will go through. This selective
forwarding feature based on VLAN criteria is how VLANs segment networks. The key point being that Port 1 will only transmit
on VLAN 2.
VLAN and Trunk Groups
The members of a trunk group have the same VLAN setting. Any VLAN setting on the members of a trunk group will apply to
the other member ports.
76
Page 89
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Static VLAN Entry
In the L2 Features folder, open the VLAN folder and click the Static VLAN Entry link to open the following window:
Figure 7- 4. 802.1Q Static VLANs window
The 802.1Q Static VLANs menu lists all previously configured VLANs by VLAN ID and VLAN Name. To delete an existing
802.1Q VLAN, click the corresponding
To create a new 802.1Q VLAN, click the Add button in the 802.1Q Static VLANs menu. A new menu will appear, as shown
below, to configure the port settings and to assign a unique name and number to the new VLAN. See the table below for a
description of the parameters in the new menu.
To return to the Current 802.1Q Static VLANs Entries window, click the Show All Static VLAN Entries
existing 802.1Q VLAN entry, click the Modify button of the corresponding entry you wish to modify. A new menu will appear to
configure the port settings and to assign a unique name and number to the new VLAN. See the table below for a description of the
parameters in the new menu.
button under the Delete heading.
Figure 7- 5. 802.1Q Static VLANs - Add
link. To change an
77
Page 90
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Figure 7- 6. 802.1Q Static VLANs - Modify
The following fields can then be set in either the Add or Modify 802.1Q Static VLANs menus:
Parameter Description
VID (VLAN ID)
Allows the entry of a VLAN ID in the Add dialog box, or displays the VLAN ID of an existing
VLAN in the Modify dialog box. VLANs can be identified by either the VID or the VLAN name.
VLAN Name
Allows the entry of a name for the new VLAN in the Add dialog box, or for editing the VLAN
name in the Modify dialog box.
Port Settings
Tag
Allows an individual port to be specified as member of a VLAN.
Specifies the port as either 802.1Q tagging or 802.1Q untagged. Checking the box will designate the port as Tagged.
None
Egress
Allows an individual port to be specified as a non-VLAN member.
Select this to specify the port as a static member of the VLAN. Egress member ports are ports
that will be transmitting traffic for the VLAN. These ports can be either tagged or untagged.
Click Apply to implement changes made. Click the Show All Static VLAN Entries link to return to the 802.1Q Static VLANs
window.
78
Page 91
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Link Aggregation
Understanding Port Trunk Groups
Port trunk groups are used to combine a number of ports together to make a single high-bandwidth data pipeline.
The Switch supports up to three port trunk groups with 2 to 8 ports in each group. A potential bit rate of 8000 Mbps can be
achieved.
Figure 7- 7. Example of Port Trunk Group
79
Page 92
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
The Switch treats all ports in a trunk group as a single port. Data transmitted to a specific host (destination address) will always be
transmitted over the same port in a trunk group. This allows packets in a data stream to arrive in the same order they were sent.
NOTE: If any ports within the trunk group become disconnected, packets
intended for the disconnected port will be load shared among the other
uplinked ports of the link aggregation group.
Link aggregation allows several ports to be grouped together and to act as a single link. This gives a bandwidth that is a multiple
of a single link's bandwidth.
Link aggregation is most commonly used to link a bandwidth intensive network device or devices, such as a server, to the
backbone of a network.
The Switch allows the creation of up to 3 link aggregation groups, each group consisting of 2 to 4 links (ports). All of the ports in
the group must be members of the same VLAN, and their STP status, static multicast, traffic control, traffic segmentation and
802.1p default priority configurations must be identical. Port locking, port mirroring and 802.1X must not be enabled on the trunk
group. Further, the aggregated links must all be of the same speed and should be configured as full-duplex.
The Master Port of the group is to be configured by the user, and all configuration options, including the VLAN configuration that
can be applied to the Master Port, are applied to the entire link aggregation group.
Load balancing is automatically applied to the ports in the aggregated group, and a link failure within the group causes the
network traffic to be directed to the remaining links in the group.
The Spanning Tree Protocol will treat a link aggregation group as a single link, on the switch level. On the port level, the STP will
use the port parameters of the Master Port in the calculation of port cost and in determining the state of the link aggregation group.
If two redundant link aggregation groups are configured on the Switch, STP will block one entire group, in the same way STP will
block a single port that has a redundant link.
To configure port trunking, click L2 Features > Trunking > Link Aggregation to bring up the Port Trunking Group table:
Figure 7- 8. Port Trunking Group window
To configure port trunk groups, click the Add button to add a new trunk group and use the Port Trunking Configuration menu
(see example below) to set up trunk groups. To modify a port trunk group, click the hyperlinked group number corresponding to
the entry you wish to alter. To delete a port trunk group, click the corresponding
under the Delete heading in the Current
Trunking Group Entries table.
Figure 7- 9. Link Aggregation Group Configuration window – Add
80
Page 93
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
IGMP Snooping
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) snooping allows the Switch to recognize IGMP queries and reports sent
between network stations or devices and an IGMP host. When enabled for IGMP snooping, the Switch can open or close a port to
a specific device based on IGMP messages passing through the Switch.
In order to use IGMP Snooping it must first be enabled for the entire Switch (see Advanced Settings). You may then fine-tune
the settings for each VLAN using the IGMP Snooping link in the L2 Features folder. When enabled for IGMP snooping, the
Switch can open or close a port to a specific Multicast group member based on IGMP messages sent from the device to the IGMP
host or vice versa. The Switch monitors IGMP messages and discontinues forwarding multicast packets when there are no longer
hosts requesting that they continue. Use the IGMP Snooping Group Entry Table to view IGMP Snooping status. To modify
settings, click the Modify button for the VLAN Name entry you want to change.
Use the IGMP Snooping Settings window to view IGMP Snooping settings. To modify the settings, click the Modify button of
the VLAN ID to change.
Figure 7- 10. Current IGMP Snooping Group Entries
Clicking the Modify button will open the IGMP Snooping Settings menu, shown below:
Figure 7- 11. IGMP Snooping Settings-Edit window
The following parameters may be viewed or modified:
Parameter Description
VLAN ID
This is the VLAN ID that, along with the VLAN Name, identifies the VLAN for which to modify
the IGMP Snooping Settings.
81
Page 94
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
VLAN Name
Query Interval
Max Response Time
Robustness Value
Last Member Query
Interval
Host Timeout
Router Timeout
Leave Timer
This is the VLAN Name that, along with the VLAN ID, identifies the VLAN for which to modify
the IGMP Snooping Settings.
The Query Interval field is used to set the time (in seconds) between transmitting IGMP
queries. Entries between 1 and 65535 seconds are allowed. Default = 125.
This determines the maximum amount of time in seconds allowed before sending an IGMP
response report. The Max Response Time field allows an entry between 1 and 25
(seconds). Default = 10.
Adjust this variable according to expected packet loss. If packet loss on the VLAN is
expected to be high, the Robustness Variable should be increased to accommodate
increased packet loss. This entry field allows an entry of 1 to 255. Default = 2.
This field specifies the maximum amount of time between group-specific query messages,
including those sent in response to leave group messages. Default = 1.
This is the maximum amount of time in seconds allowed for a host to continue membership
in a multicast group without the Switch receiving a host membership report. Default = 260.
This is the maximum amount of time in seconds a route is kept in the forwarding table
without receiving a membership report. Default = 260.
This specifies the maximum amount of time in seconds between the Switch receiving a leave
group message from a host, and the Switch issuing a group membership query. If no
response to the membership query is received before the Leave Timer expires, the
(multicast) forwarding entry for that host is deleted.
Querier State
Choose Enabled to enable transmitting IGMP Query packets or Disabled to disable. The
default is Disabled.
Querier Router
Behavior
This read-only field describes the behavior of the router for sending query packets. Querier
will denote that the router is sending out IGMP query packets. Non-Querier will denote that
the router is not sending out IGMP query packets. This field will only read Querier when the
Querier State and the State fields have been Enabled.
State
Multicast fast leave
Select Enabled to implement IGMP Snooping. This field is Disabled by default.
This parameter allows the user to enable the Fast Leave function. Enabled, this function will
allow members of a multicast group to leave the group immediately (without the
implementation of the Last Member Query Timer) when an IGMP Leave Report Packet is
received by the Switch. The default is Disabled.
Click Apply to implement the new settings. Click the Show All IGMP Snooping Entries link to return to the Current IGMP
Snooping Group Entries window.
NOTE: The Fast Leave function is intended for IGMPv2 users wishing to
leave a multicast group and is best implemented on VLANs that have only
one host connected to each port. When one host of a group of hosts uses
the Fast Leave function, it may cause the inadvertent fast leave of other
hosts of the group.
82
Page 95
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Static Router Ports Settings
A static router port is a port that has a multicast router attached to it. Generally, this router would have a connection to a WAN or
to the Internet. Establishing a router port will allow multicast packets coming from the router to be propagated through the
network, as well as allowing multicast messages (IGMP) coming from the network to be propagated to the router.
A router port has the following behavior:
All IGMP Report packets will be forwarded to the router port. •
•
IGMP queries (from the router port) will be flooded to all ports.
•
All UDP multicast packets will be forwarded to the router port. Because routers do not send IGMP reports or
implement IGMP snooping, a multicast router connected to the router port of a Layer 3 switch would not be able to
receive UDP data streams unless the UDP multicast packets were all forwarded to the router port.
A router port will be dynamically configured when IGMP query packets, RIPv2 multicast, DVMRP multicast or PIM-DM
multicast packets are detected flowing into a port.
Open the IGMP Snooping folder and the click on the Static Router Ports Settings link to open the Current Static Router
Ports Entries page, as shown below.
Figure 7- 12. Static Router Ports Settings window
The Static Router Ports Settings page (shown above) displays all of the current entries to the Switch's static router port table. To
modify an entry, click the Modify button. This will open the Static Router Ports Settings - Edit page, as shown below.
Figure 7- 13. Static Router Ports Settings - Edit window
The following parameters can be set:
Parameter Description
VID (VLAN ID)
This is the VLAN ID that, along with the VLAN Name, identifies the VLAN where the multicast
router is attached.
VLAN Name
Member Ports
Click Apply to implement the new settings, Click the Show All Static Router Port Entries link to return to the Current Static
Router Port Entries window.
This is the name of the VLAN where the multicast router is attached.
These are the ports on the Switch that will have a multicast router attached to them.
83
Page 96
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Spanning Tree
This Switch supports two versions of the Spanning Tree Protocol; 802.1d STP and 802.1w Rapid STP. 802.1d STP will be
familiar to most networking professionals. However, since 802.1w RSTP has been recently introduced to D-Link managed
Ethernet switches, a brief introduction to the technology is provided below followed by a description of how to set up 802.1d STP
and 802.1w RSTP.
802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree
The Switch implements two versions of the Spanning Tree Protocol, the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) as defined by the
IEEE 802.1w specification and a version compatible with the IEEE 802.1d STP. RSTP can operate with legacy equipment
implementing IEEE 802.1d, however the advantages of using RSTP will be lost.
The IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) evolved from the 802.1d STP standard. RSTP was developed in order to
overcome some limitations of STP that impede the function of some recent switching innovations, in particular, certain Layer 3
functions that are increasingly handled by Ethernet switches. The basic function and much of the terminology is the same as STP.
Most of the settings configured for STP are also used for RSTP. This section introduces some new Spanning Tree concepts and
illustrates the main differences between the two protocols.
Port Transition States
An essential difference between the three protocols is in the way ports transition to a forwarding state and in the way this
transition relates to the role of the port (forwarding or not forwarding) in the topology. RSTP combines the transition states
disabled, blocking and listening used in 802.1d and creates a single state Discarding. In either case, ports do not forward packets.
In the STP port transition states disabled, blocking or listening or in the RSTP port state discarding, there is no functional
difference, the port is not active in the network topology. Table 6-2 below compares how the two protocols differ regarding the
port state transition.
All three protocols calculate a stable topology in the same way. Every segment will have a single path to the root bridge. All
bridges listen for BPDU packets. However, BPDU packets are sent more frequently - with every Hello packet. BPDU packets are
sent even if a BPDU packet was not received. Therefore, each link between bridges is sensitive to the status of the link. Ultimately
this difference results in faster detection of failed links, and thus faster topology adjustment. A drawback of 802.1d is this absence
of immediate feedback from adjacent bridges.
802.1w RSTP 802.1d STP Forwarding Learning
Discarding Disabled No No
Discarding Blocking No No
Discarding Listening No No
Learning Learning No Yes
Forwarding Forwarding Yes Yes
Table 6- 2. Comparing Port States
RSTP is capable of a more rapid transition to a forwarding state - it no longer relies on timer configurations - RSTP compliant
bridges are sensitive to feedback from other RSTP compliant bridge links. Ports do not need to wait for the topology to stabilize
before transitioning to a forwarding state. In order to allow this rapid transition, the protocol introduces two new variables: the
edge port and the point-to-point (P2P) port.
Edge Port
The edge port is a configurable designation used for a port that is directly connected to a segment where a loop cannot be created.
An example would be a port connected directly to a single workstation. Ports that are designated as edge ports transition to a
forwarding state immediately without going through the listening and learning states. An edge port loses its status if it receives a
BPDU packet, immediately becoming a normal spanning tree port.
P2P Port
A P2P port is also capable of rapid transition. P2P ports may be used to connect to other bridges. Under RSTP, all ports operating
in full-duplex mode are considered to be P2P ports, unless manually overridden through configuration.
84
Page 97
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
802.1d and 802.1w Compatibility
RSTP can interoperate with legacy equipment and is capable of automatically adjusting BPDU packets to 802.1d format when
necessary. However, any segment using 802.1d STP will not benefit from the rapid transition and rapid topology change detection
of RSTP. The protocol also provides for a variable used for migration in the event that legacy equipment on a segment is updated
to use RSTP.
The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) operates on two levels:
1. On the switch level, the settings are globally implemented.
2. On the port level, the settings are implemented on a per user-defined group of ports basis.
STP Bridge Global Settings
To open the following window, open the Spanning Tree folder in the L2 features menu and click the STP Bridge Global
Settings link.
Figure 7- 14. STP Bridge Global Settings
NOTE: The Hello Time cannot be longer than the Max. Age. Otherwise, a configuration
error will occur. Observe the following formulas when setting the above parameters:
Max. Age ≤ 2 x (Forward Delay - 1 second)
Max. Age ≥ 2 x (Hello Time + 1 second)
The following parameters can be set:
Parameter Description
Spanning Tree Protocol
Use the pull-down menu to enable or disable STP globally on the Switch. The default is
Disabled.
85
Page 98
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Bridge Max Age
Bridge Hello Time
Bridge Forward Delay
Bridge Priority
Default Path Cost
STP Version
TX Hold Count
Forwarding BPDU
The Max Age may be set to ensure that old information does not endlessly circulate
through redundant paths in the network, preventing the effective propagation of the new
information. Set by the Root Bridge, this value will aid in determining that the Switch has
spanning tree configuration values consistent with other devices on the bridged LAN. If the
value ages out and a BPDU has still not been received from the Root Bridge, the Switch
will start sending its own BPDU to all other switches for permission to become the Root
Bridge. If it turns out that your switch has the lowest Bridge Identifier, it will become the
Root Bridge. The user may choose a time between 6 and 40 seconds. The default value is
20.
The Hello Time can be set from 1 to 10 seconds. This is the interval between two
transmissions of BPDU packets sent by the Root Bridge to tell all other switches that it is
indeed the Root Bridge.
The Forward Delay can be from 4 to 30 seconds. Any port on the Switch spends this time
in the listening state while moving from the blocking state to the forwarding state.
A Priority for the Switch can be set from 0 to 61440. This number is used in the voting
process between Switches on the network to determine which Switch will be the root
Switch. A low number indicates a high priority, and a high probability that this Switch will be
elected as the root Switch.
This read-only field displays the protocol used in determining the default path cost per port.
802.1T will calculate this 32-bit cost value through the use of a specific formula based on
the port bandwidth.
Use the pull-down menu to choose the desired version of STP to be implemented on the
Switch. There are two choices:
STPCompatability - Select this parameter to set the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) globally
on the switch.
RSTP - Select this parameter to set the Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) globally on
the Switch.
Used to set the maximum number of Hello packets transmitted per interval. The count can
be specified from 1 to 10. The default is 3.
This field can be Enabled or Disabled. When Enabled, it allows the forwarding of STP
BPDU packets from other network devices. The default is Enabled.
Click Apply to implement changes made.
86
Page 99
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
STP Port Settings
STP can be set up on a port per port basis. To view the following window click L2 Features > Spanning Tree > STP Port
Settings:
Figure 7- 15. STP Port Settings and Table window
In addition to setting Spanning Tree parameters for use on the switch level, the Switch allows for the configuration of groups of
ports, each port-group of which will have its own spanning tree, and will require some of its own configuration settings. An STP
Group will use the switch-level parameters entered above, with the addition of Port Priority and Port Cost.
An STP Group spanning tree works in the same way as the switch-level spanning tree, but the root bridge concept is replaced with
a root port concept. A root port is a port of the group that is elected based on port priority and port cost, to be the connection to the
network for the group. Redundant links will be blocked, just as redundant links are blocked on the switch level.
The STP on the switch level blocks redundant links between switches (and similar network devices). The port level STP will
block redundant links within an STP Group.
It is advisable to define an STP Group to correspond to a VLAN group of ports.
The following fields can be set:
Parameter Description
From/To
Cost (0 = Auto)
A consecutive group of ports may be configured starting with the selected port.
External Cost - This defines a metric that indicates the relative cost of forwarding packets
to the specified port list. Port cost can be set automatically or as a metric value. The default
value is 0 (auto).
•
0 (auto) - Setting 0 for the external cost will automatically set the speed for
forwarding packets to the specified port(s) in the list for optimal efficiency. Default
port cost: 100Mbps port = 200000. Gigabit port = 20000.
•
value 1-2000000 - Define a value between 1 and 2000000 to determine the
external cost. The lower the number, the greater the probability the port will be
chosen to forward packets.
87
Page 100
DES-3010F/DES-3010FL/DES-3010G/DES-3018/DES-3026 Fast Ethernet Switch Manual
Priority
Migration
Edge
P2P
BPDU
A Port Priority can be from 0 to 240. The lower the number, the greater the probability the
port will be chosen as the Root Port.
Setting this parameter as "yes" will set the ports to send out BPDU packets to other
bridges, requesting information on their STP setting If the Switch is configured for RSTP,
the port will be capable to migrate from 802.1d STP to 802.1w RSTP. Migration should be
set as yes on ports connected to network stations or segments that are capable of being
upgraded to 802.1w RSTP on all or some portion of the segment.
Choosing the true parameter designates the port as an edge port. Edge ports cannot
create loops, however an edge port can lose edge port status if a topology change creates
a potential for a loop. An edge port normally should not receive BPDU packets. If a BPDU
packet is received, it automatically loses edge port status. Choosing the false parameter
indicates that the port does not have edge port status.
Choosing the True parameter indicates a point-to-point (P2P) shared link. P2P ports are
similar to edge ports, however they are restricted in that a P2P port must operate in fullduplex. Like edge ports, P2P ports transition to a forwarding state rapidly thus benefiting
from RSTP. A p2p value of false indicates that the port cannot have p2p status. Auto
allows the port to have p2p status whenever possible and operate as if the p2p status were
true. If the port cannot maintain this status, (for example if the port is forced to half-duplex
operation) the p2p status changes to operate as if the p2p value were False. The default
setting for this parameter is True.
Choosing Enabled will allow the forwarding of BPDU packets in the specified ports from
other network devices. This will go into effect only if STP is globally disabled AND
Forwarding BPDU is globally enabled (See STP Bridge Global Settings above).
The default setting Disabled, does not forward BPDU packets when STP is disabled.
Click Apply to implement changes made.
NOTE: To enable Forwarding BPDU on a per port basis, the following settings must first be in effect:
1. STP must be globally disabled and 2. Forwarding BPDU must be globally enabled. These are the
default settings configurable in the STP Bridge Global Settings menu discussed previously.
88
Loading...