Bio-Rad Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System User Manual

Download

Gene Transfer

Gene Pulser MXcell

Electroporation Guide

™

To choose a starting

set of protocols,

search our library of

electroprotocols at

www.bio-rad.com/

genetransferprotocols/

http://www.ncbi.nlm.

* Note: The parameters

entered into the preset

on proven conditions

used for electroporation

of mammalian cells and

take advantage of the

Gene Pulser MXcell’s

ability to apply multiple

conditions simultaneously.

The preset protocols

or search

nih.gov/PubMed/.

protocols are based

can be edited and

stored in your user

ﬁle for future use.

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

The Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

The Gene Pulser MXcell electroporation system is ﬁlled with features that will enable you to quickly optimize conditions for efﬁcient deliver y of molecules into most eukaryotic cells, including mammalian cells and plant protoplasts. This guide will assist you in determining the parameters for obtaining efﬁcient transfection of molecules into your favorite cells while maintaining high cell viability.

Transfection efﬁciency and cell viability

Transfection and cell viability are affected by:

Cell type and its physiological condition and state prior to electroporation: cells should be actively growing, healthy, and free of contamination

Temperature of buffer during electroporation: when using Gene Pulser® electroporation buffer, electroporation should be performed at room temperature

Cell density: for most experiments using the 96-well plate, we recommend using 150 µl of cells/well at a density of 1 x 106 to 2 x 106 cells/ml in Gene Pulser electroporation buffer

Concentration of the transfected molecule (RNA, DNA): ideally a concentration of 5–40 µg/ml should be used for plasmid DNA and 10–100 nM for siRNA (only Bio-Rad’s siLentMer™ Dicer-substrate siRNA duplexes)

The characteristics of the electric pulse

Electroporation protocols

Electroporation applies an electric pulse to cells to promote uptake of molecules (RNA, DNA) into the cells. The electric pulse is deﬁned by parameters that can be programmed as protocols in the Gene Pulser MXcell. Two type of pulses can be delivered by the Gene Pulser MXcell: the exponent ial waveform which is deﬁned by voltage,

capacitance, and resistance or the square waveform which is deﬁned by voltage, pulse duration, and resistance.

The Gene Pulser MXcell can be programmed three ways:

Manually, under “Protocol Setup”

By creating a voltage gradient under “Gradient Protocol”

By using preprogrammed protocols under “Pre-Set Protocols”*

This guide will help you program the Gene Pulser MXcell whether you have prior knowledge of optimal electroporation conditions for your cells or not.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Electroporation Optimization Overview

Schematic of 96-well electroporation plate

One well set

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Glossary

Electroporation plate: a plate in which electroporation is performed; available in

12-, 24-, and 96-well formats

Mini protocol: a preprogrammed set of 4–6 different protocols delivered to 4–6 well sets

Parameter s: the physical constants (waveform, voltage, capacitance, duration,

resistance) that deﬁne the electric pulse

Preset protocols: a set of preprogrammed protocols designed for rapid screening of

multiple parameters that can be used as a template

Protocol/electroporation conditions: parameters deﬁning the electric pulse

that will be delivered to speciﬁc well sets or wells on an electroporation plate

Waveform: deﬁnes the type of electric pulse delivered to the cells

The exponential waveform builds up a charge in a capacitor and when the charge is applied to the sample the voltage delivered decays exponentially, until the charge remaining is about 37% of the original pulse

The square waveform relies on a charge being applied to the cells for a set time

Well set: a set of four adjacent wells in a column on a 96-well plate; the same

electroporation conditions or protocol are applied to all the cells of a well set

Whole plate protocol: a preprogrammed set of 24 protocols delivered across

the entire plate

Abbreviations

Cgrad: capacitance gradient

D: duration of pulse

Dgrad: duration gradient

Exp: exponential

NP: number of pulses

P: pulse

Sqr: square

Vgrad: voltage gradient

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Electroporation Optimization Glossary

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Electroporation Parameters Selection Pathways

The ﬁrst parameter to identify is the waveform. This guide will take you down two possible paths to identify other parameters that will yield the best transfection results. These parameters can be identiﬁed in parallel using the MXcell system.

Identify Pulse Waveform

Exponential Waveform Square Waveform

Optimize Capacitance Optimize Voltage

Optimize Voltage Optimize Pulse Duration

Optimize Resistance Optimize Number of Pulses

Path taken to determine optimal electroporation conditions

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Electroporation Optimization Pathways

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Start Your Protocols Selection Here

To choose a starting

set of protocols,

search our library of

electroprotocols at

www.bio-rad.com/

genetransferprotocols/

or search

http://www.ncbi.nlm.

nih.gov/PubMed/.

Known electroporation conditions

You know the electroporation conditions or found a suitable set of protocols in our library

You need a quick conﬁrmation that your existing protocol is optimal

You know the waveform

Unknown electroporation conditions

You are working with a new cell line or cell type

You have no information about electroporation conditions

Go to page 6

Go to page 7

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Protocols Selection

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Known Electroporation Conditions

Cell number

Based on the

number of cells

availabl e for your

experime nt, you

will use eithe r a

whole or a partia l

electro poratio n

plate (4– 6 well sets).

Cell number <5 x 10

Use Mini Protocols

Cell number >5 x 10

Use Whole Plate Protocols

Multiple cell lines

Use Whole Plate Protocols

Go to pages

9–10

Go to pages

11–12

Go to page 13

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Protocols: Known Conditions

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Unknown Electroporation Conditions

Cell number

Based on the

number of cells

availabl e for your

experime nt, you

will use eithe r a

whole or a partia l

electro poratio n

plate (4– 6 well sets).

Cell number <5 x 10

Use Mini Protocols

Cell number >5 x 10

Use Whole Plate Protocols

Go to page 8

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Protocols: Unknown Conditions

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Unknown Electroporation Conditions

Check all well

sets after each

electroporation for

transfection efﬁciency

and cell viability.

For an overview of

common analytical

methods, go to

pages 15–17.

Cell number <5 x 10

Use preset protocols Opt mini 96-well /Sqr, Ex p to identify waveforms and other initial conditions.

Square waveform Exponential waveform

1 2 3 4 5 6

200 V

Good for ﬁrst time users!

2,000 µF 20 ms

Cell number >5 x 10

250 V 2,000 µF 20 ms

300 V 2,000 µF 20 ms

250 V 350 µF 1,000 W

250 V 500 µF 1,000 W

Use preset protocols Opt 96-well/Exp, Sqr to identify waveforms and other initial conditions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

150 V

200 V

250 V

300 V

350 V

400 V

250 V

350 µF

150 V

20 ms

Square Exponential

350 µF

200 V 20 ms

350 µF

250 V 20 ms

350 µF

300 V 20 ms

350 µF

350 V 20 ms

350 µF

450 V 20 ms

200 µF

250 V 5 ms

250 µF

250 V 10 ms

350 µF

250 V 15 ms

500 µF

250 V 20 ms

250 V 750 µF

250 V 25 ms

250 V 750 µF 1,000 W

250 V 1,000 µF

250 V 30 ms

Would you l ike to fur ther op timi ze? Use the p reset p rotoco ls on pages 9–10 ( if <5 x 106 cells) or pages 11–12 (if >5 x 106 cells); for manual programming, go to pag e 14.

Good result s? Congratula tions! Be reward ed for your work and share your protoc ol with scient ists worldw ide. Visit ww w.bio-ra d.com/genet ransfer protocols/.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Unknown Conditions: Setup

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Choose the preset mini protocols that

best match your

known conditions and

edit parameters as

needed, following the

instructions.

Check all well

sets after each

elect ropora tion

for transfecti on

efﬁci ency and

cell viabilit y.

For an overview of

common analytical

methods, go to

pages 15–17.

Electroporation Conditions Are Known

300 V 350 µF

250 V 200 µF

250 V 350 µF

Keep the preset values for capacitance and resistance:

250 V

500 µF

Enter the known voltage value

(median voltage) in well set ABCD 2

Enter the median voltage decreased

by 50 V in well set ABCD 1

Enter the median voltage increased by 50 V in well set ABCD 3

Enter the median voltage value in well sets ABCD 4–6

Save the protocols under a new name

Cell number <5 x 10

Exponential Waveform Protocols

Use preset protocols Opt mini 96-well/Exp to identify optimal voltage and capacitance.

1 2 3 4 5 6

200 V 350 µF

250 V 350 µF

Would you l ike to fur ther op timi ze? For manual programming, go to page 14.

Good result s? Congratula tions! Be reward ed for your work and share your protoc ol with scient ists worldw ide. Visit ww w.bio-ra d.com/genet ransfer protocols/.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Known Conditions: Exponential Setup — Mini

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Choose the preset mini protocols that

best match your

known conditions and

edit parameters as

needed, following the

instructions.

Check all well

sets after each

elect ropora tion

for transfecti on

efﬁci ency and

cell viabilit y.

For an overview of

common analytical

methods, go to

pages 15–17.

Electroporation Conditions Are Known

300 V 20 ms

10 ms 2 P

250 V 15 ms

7 ms 3 P

250 V 20 ms

Keep the preset values for pulse duration, capacitance, and resistance:

250 V

25 ms

Enter the known voltage value

(median voltage) in well set ABCD 2

Enter the median voltage decreased

by 50 V in well set ABCD 1

Enter the median voltage increased

by 50 V in well set ABCD 3

Enter the median voltage value in well

sets ABCD 4–6

Save the protocols under a new name

Keep the preset values:

Enter the voltage that yielded the

best results from the Opt mini 96-well/Sqr experiment

Save the protocols under a new name

Cell number <5 x 10

Square Waveform Protocols

Use preset protocols Opt mini 96-well/Sqr to identify optimal voltage and pulse duration.

1 2 3 4 5 6

200 V 20 ms

250 V 20 ms

For further optimization of your experiment, identify the optimal number of pulses.

Square Waveform Protocols

Use preset protocols Opt 96-well/Sqr, NP, D to identify optimal number of pulses.

1 2 3 4

20 ms

15 ms

1 P

2 P

Would you l ike to fur ther op timi ze? For manual programming, go to page 14.

Good result s? Congratula tions! Be reward ed for your work and share your protoc ol with scient ists worldw ide. Visit ww w.bio-ra d.com/genet ransfer protocols/.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Known Conditions: Square Setup — Mini

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Choose whole plate

preset protocols that

best match your

known conditions

and edit parameters

as needed, following

the instructions.

Check all well

sets after each

elect ropora tion

for transfecti on

efﬁci ency and

cell viabilit y.

For an overview of

common analytical

methods, go to

pages 15–17.

Electroporation Conditions Are Known

Cell number >5 x 10

Exponential Waveform Protocols

Use whole plate preset protocols 96-well/Exp, Vgrad, Cgrad to identif y optimal voltage and capacitance.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Use the top half of the electroporation plate to identify optimal voltage.

Use the bottom half of the electroporation plate to identify optimal capacitance.

Save the protocols under a new name.

Would you l ike to fur ther op timi ze? For manual programming, go to page 14.

100 100 100 200 200 200 300 300 300 400 400 400

DV (V)

200 200 200 350 350 350 500 500 500 1,000 1,000 1,000

(µF)

Enter the known capacitance value in well sets ABCD 1–12, or keep preset values

if unknown Enter the known voltage (median voltage) value in well sets ABCD 4–6

Vary the voltage by 100 V increments around the median value in other well sets

Keep the preset values for all other parameters

Enter the known voltage value in well sets EFGH 1–12

Enter the known capacitance (median capacitance) value in well sets EFGH 4–6 Vary capacitance by 5–10% around the median value in other well sets or use

preset values

Keep the preset values for all other parameters

Good result s? Congratula tions! Be reward ed for your work and share your protoc ol with scient ists worldw ide. Visit ww w.bio-ra d.com/genet ransfer protocols/.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Known Conditions: Exponential Setup — Whole Plate

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Choose whole plate

preset protocols that

best match your

known conditions

and edit parameters

as needed, following

the instructions.

Check all well

sets after each

elect ropora tion

for transfecti on

efﬁci ency and

cell viabilit y.

For an overview of

common analytical

methods, go to

pages 15–17.

Electroporation Conditions Are Known

Cell number >5 x 10

Square Waveform Protocols

Use whole plate preset protocols 96-well/Sqr, Vgrad, Dgrad to identify optimal voltage and pulse duration.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

100 100 100 200 200 200 300 300 300 400 400 400

DV (V)

Use the top half of the electroporation plate to identify optimal voltage.

Use the bottom half of the electroporation plate to identify optimal pulse duration.

Save the protocols under a new name.

10 10 10 15 15 15 20 20 20 30 30 30

(ms)

Enter the known capacitance value in well sets ABCD 1–12, or keep preset values

if unknown Enter the known voltage (median voltage) value in well sets ABCD 4–6

Vary the voltage by 100 V increments around the median value in other well sets

Keep the preset values for all other parameters

Enter the known voltage value in well sets EFGH 1–12

Keep the preset values for all other parameters

Would you l ike to fur ther op timi ze? For manual programming, go to page 14.

Good result s? Congratula tions! Be reward ed for your work and share your protoc ol with scient ists worldw ide. Visit ww w.bio-ra d.com/genet ransfer protocols/.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Known Conditions: Square Setup — Whole Plate

You work with multiple

cell lines that require

both waveforms.

Use whole plate preset

protocols to deliver

exponential and

square waveforms.

Edit parameters as

needed, following the

instructions.

Check all well

sets after each

electroporation for

transfection efﬁciency

and cell viability.

For an overview of

common analytical

methods, go to

pages 15–17.

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Multiple Cell Lines

Exponential and Square Waveforms Protocols

Use preset protocols Uniform 96 -well/Exp, Sqr to identif y optimal conditions for the different cell lines.

Expo nent ial wa vefor m Squa re wave form

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

250 V

350 µF

Use the lef t half of the plate to deliver exponential-decay pulses.

Enter your known voltage (median value) and vary capacitance around the known

value in well sets ABCD 1–6

Enter your known capacitance value and vary voltage around the median voltage

value in well sets EFGH 1–6

Use the preprogrammed setting for all other values

Use the right half of the plate to deliver square-wave pulses.

Enter your known median voltage value and vary pulse duration around the preset

value in well sets ABCD 7–12

Enter your known pulse duration or preset value and vary voltage around the median

voltage value in well sets EFGH 7–12

Save the protocols under a new name.

250 V 20 ms

Would you l ike to fur ther op timi ze? For manual programming, go to page 14.

Good result s? Congratula tions! Be reward ed for your work and share your protoc ol with scient ists worldw ide. Visit ww w.bio-ra d.com/genet ransfer protocols/.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Known Conditions: Multiple Cell Lines

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Electroporation Protocols Decision Tree

Once the best waveform is identiﬁed, use this tree to program the MXcell system to improve other parameters.

Initial Experimental Results

Exponential Waveform Square Waveform

Optimize Capacitance

Manually program a capacitance

gradient (5–10% increments)

around the value that yielded the

best results, keeping all other

parameters constant.

Optimize Voltage

Using the optimized capacitance

value, program a voltage gradient

(5–10% increments) around the value

that yielded the best results,

keeping all other parameters constant.

Use the optimized voltage and keep all other parameters constant. Vary pulse

Optimize Voltage

Program a voltage gradient around

the value that yielded the best

results, keeping all other

parameters constant.

Optimize Pulse Duration

values at 5 ms intervals around the

pulse that yielded the best

results (see protocols on page 10).

Optimize Resistance

Using the optimized capacitance and

voltage values, manually program a

resistance gradient (5–10% increments)

around the values that yielded the

best results, keeping all other

parameters constant.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Electroporation Decision Tree

Optimize Number of Pulses

Use 2–3 shorter pulses that add

up to the pulse duration that yielded

the best results (see protocols

on page 10).

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Electroporation Protocol

Materials

Needed

Actively growing, freshly passaged mammalian cells

— For whole

plate protocols:

16 x 106 adherent cells or 48 x 106 cells in suspension

— For mini protocols

(6 well sets): 4 x 106

adherent cells or 12 x 106 cells in suspension

Cell growth medium

PBS

Gene Pulser MXcell electroporation system

96-well electroporation plate

Gene Pulser electroporation buffer or other buffer suitable for electroporation

Molecule to electroporate: siRNA, such as siLentMer Dicer-substrate siRNA duplexes, or DNA

24-well tissue culture plates

Programming

the Instrument

Turn on the Gene Pulser MXcell

Select “Pre-Set Protocols”

Select appropriate protocols and edit if necessary

Setting Up the Instrument

If the cells are adherent, trypsinize the cells and add medium to inactivate the trypsin; if the cells are in suspension, skip this step

Pellet the cells, remove the medium, and resuspend cells in PBS by gentle pipeting; count the cells

For whole plate protocols: transfer 16 x 106 adherent cells or 48 x 106 cells in suspension to a new tube, pellet the cells, and remove PBS by aspiration.

For mini protocols (6 well sets): transfer 4 x 106 adherent

cells or 12 x 106 cells in suspension to a new tube, pellet the cells, and remove PBS by aspiration.

2. Resuspend the cells in 16 ml (4 ml for mini protocol) of Gene Pulser electroporation buffer (this provides 1x106 cells/ml of adherent cells or 3x106 cells/ml of cells in suspension).

3. Add the molecule (siRNA, DNA) to the cell suspension.

4. Pipet 150 µl of cell suspension into the appropriate wells of an electroporation plate.

5. Place the lid on the plate and gently rock the plate back and forth to wet the electrodes.

6. Place the electroporation plate securely into the plate chamber, close the lid, and press the PULSE button.

7. Transfer all or 100 μl of the cells from each electroporation well to the wells of a 24-well tissue culture plate containing 500 µl of grow th medium.

Note: using thi s method a llows re plication of th e exper iment, p rovidi ng

two dup licate 24-we ll tissue cultu re dishes.

8. Incubate cells at 37°C in a humidiﬁed CO2 incubator until they are ready to be assayed.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Electroporation Protocol

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Electroporation Evaluation Methods

There are many techniques available to examine cells for transfection efﬁciency and cell viability. We have brieﬂy summarized three commonly used methods. It is critical to the success of your experiment to evaluate all cells that were electroporated.

Fluorescence Microscopy for Adherent Cells

Fluorescence microscopy can be used to visualize a ﬂuorescent signal within the cell. This method is commonly used when expressing a GFP-tagged protein.

Materials

PBS

Fixation buf fer: 2–4% formaldehyde in PBS

70% glycerol

Method

1. Remove the medium from the wells of the electroporation plate and wash the cells once with 500 –700 μl of PBS.

2. Add 300 μl of ﬁxation buffer to each well and incubate at room temperature for 10 min.

3. Remove the ﬁxative, and perform 2 washes with PBS.

4. Add 70% glycerol, and store the cells at 4°C until they are ready to be analyzed by

ﬂuorescence microscopy using the appropriate ﬁlters.

Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometr y can be used to measure the number of cells containing a ﬂuorescent tag, such as a ﬂuorescent siRNA or a GFP-tagged protein.

Materials

Fixation buf fer: 2–4% formaldehyde in PBS

PBS

70% glycerol

Method

1. For adherent cells, add 100 μl trypsin per well to detach cells and add medium (200–300 μl) to inactivate the trypsin. For cells in suspension, skip this step.

2. Transfer the cell suspension to a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube and pellet the cells (300 RCF).

3. Remove the medium and resuspend the cells in 500 μl PBS.

4. Transfer the resuspended cells to a ﬂow cytometer tube for analysis.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Electroporation Evaluation Methods

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

Electroporation Evaluation Methods, continued

Fluorometer and Scanner Analysis for Adherent Cells

Fluorometric analysis of cell lysates can be used to examine lysed cells for the presence of a ﬂuorescence signal. This approach can be used for detecting expression of a GFP-tagged protein.

Materials

Lysis buffer (0.5% NP-40, 10 mM Tris pH 8.0, and 1 mM EDTA)

PBS

96-well dark plate with ﬂat, clear bottom

Method

1. Remove the medium and wash the cells once with 500–700 μl of PBS.

2. Add 100 μl lysis buffer to each well and evenly distribute the lysis buffer by gently rocking the plate.

3. Incubate the plate at –80°C for 10 min.

4. Remove the plate from –80°C and allow the lysate to thaw on ice.

5. Pipet each sample 4–5 times to wash cells off the bottom of the plate.

6. Transfer the sample to a 96-well dark plate with ﬂat, clear bottom for ﬂuorometer or scanner analysis.

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Electroporation Evaluation Methods

Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation Guide

See the Gene Pulser MXcell

Electroporation System

manual for more information.

Preset Protocols

96-well/E xp 96 9 6 Use for initial optimal protocol Applies the sam e waveform identiﬁcation for many cell types across the whole plate

96-well/Sqr 96 9 6 Use for initial optimal protocol Applies the sam e waveform identiﬁcation for many cell types across the whole plate

Mixed 96-well/Exp, Sqr 96 96 Use for mixing different waveforms Exp: 250 V, 350 μF by alternating rows of exponential Sqr: 250 V, 20 ms (250 V/350 μF) and square waveforms (250 V/20 ms)

Mixed 24-well/Exp, Sqr 24 24 Use for mixing diffe rent waveforms by Exp: 250 V, 350 μF, 1,000 Ω alternating rows of exponential Sqr: 250 V, 20 ms, 1,000 μF, 1,000 Ω (250 V/350 μF) and square waveforms (250 V/20 ms)

24-well/Exp 24 24 Use for initial protocol setup for Same conditions for the many cell types whole plate

24-well/Sqr 24 24 Use for initial protocol setup for Same conditions for the many cell types whole plate

Opt 24-well/Exp, Sqr 24 24 Use with cell line with no protocol Exp: 150–450 V, 200–1,000 μF reference; this protocol includes a Sqr: 150–450 V, 5–30 ms range of common starting conditions

Uniform 24-well/E xp, Sqr 24 24 Use with a set of deﬁned conditions Exp: 250 V, 350 μF, 1,000 Ω to compare dif ferent cell lines and Sqr: 250 V, 20 ms, 1,000 μF, 1,000 Ω electroporation of different molecules within the same or different cell lines

12-well/Exp 12 12 Use for initial protocol setup for many Same conditions for the cell ty pes whole plate

12- well/Sqr 12 12 Use for initial protocol setup for many Same conditions for the cell ty pes whole plate

Opt 12-well/Exp, Sqr 12 12 Use with cell line with no protocol reference; Exp: 150–400 V, 200–500 μF this protocol includes a range of common Sqr: 150–300 V, 15–25 ms star ting conditions

Uniform 12-well/Exp, Sqr 12 12 Use with a set of deﬁned conditions to Exp: 250 V, 350 μF, 1,000 Ω compare different cell lines and Sqr: 250 V, 20 ms, 1,000 μF, 1,000 Ω electroporation of different molecules within the same or different cell lines

Mixed 12-well/Exp, Sqr 12 12 Use for mixing different waveforms by Exp: 250 V, 350 μF, 1,000 Ω alternating rows of exponential Sqr: 250 V, 20 ms, 1,000 μF, 1,000 Ω (250 V/350 μF) and square waveforms (250 V/20 ms)

Additional Preset Protocols Available

# of

Plate Type

Wells Used

Application Parameters

Visit us on the Web at discover.bio-rad.com | Additional Preset Protocols

Life Science Group

08-0394 0608 Sig 0308

Bulletin 5700 Rev A US/EG

Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.

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The siLentMer products are manufactured by Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (IDT) and are for research use only. For custom siRNA synthesis, contact IDT.

Bio-Rad Gene Pulser MXcell Electroporation System User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual