BendixKing CAS 66A User Manual

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Pilot’s Guide

Collision Avoidance System

CAS 66A

B TCAS I

Effective Date: 2/06 006-08746-0000 REV. 7

The information contained in this manual is for reference use only. If any information contained herein conflicts with similar information contained in the Airplane Flight Manual Supplement, the information in the Airplane Flight Manual Supplement shall take precedence.

WARNING

The enclosed technical data is eligible for export under Licanse Designation NLR and is to be used solely by the individual/organization to whom it is addressed. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.

Reproduction of this publication or any portion thereof by any means without the express written permission of Honeywell International Inc. is prohibited. For further information contact Technical Publications; Honeywell; One Technology Center; 23500 West 105th Street; Olathe, Kansas 66061. Telephone: (913) 712-0400.

Table of ContentsCAS 66A Pilot's Guide

SYSTEM COMPONENTS ................................................................1

Traffic Displays: ...........................................................................1

TCAS Controls .............................................................................1

INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................2

TCAS: ..........................................................................................3

SECTION I : THEORY OF OPERATION AND SYMBOLOGY .....5

TCAS OPERATION .....................................................................6

TCAS I Sensitivity Level .........................................................6

TCAS I Surveillance Volumes ................................................8

Range Tracking Volumes ..................................................8

Altitude Tracking Volumes .................................................8

TCAS I Aural Inhibits ..............................................................8

TCAS TRAFFIC DISPLAY SYMBOLS ........................................9

Non-Threat Traffic ...................................................................9

Proximity Intruder Traffic .......................................................10

Traffic Advisory (TA) .............................................................10

Off Scale Traffic ....................................................................11

INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCEMENTS .....................12

TCAS Traffic Advisory Annunciation .....................................12

SECTION I I: CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS .................................13

TCAS CONTROLS ....................................................................14

TCAS I Control Panel; CP 66A .............................................14

TCAS I Control Panel; CP 66B .............................................16

TRANSPONDER/TCAS CONTROLS ........................................18

KFS 578A Transponder/TCAS Control Unit .........................18

PS 578A Transponder/TCAS Control Unit ............................21

CD 671C Transponder/TCAS Control Unit ...........................24

PS 550 Transponder/TCAS Control Unit ..............................28

TRAFFIC DISPLAYS .................................................................32

TA/VSI & TID CONTROLS ........................................................33

Range Select ........................................................................33

BRT Control ..........................................................................33

TA SEL Mode .......................................................................33

Light Sensor ..........................................................................33

MODE & FAILURE ANNUNCIATIONS .....................................34

WEATHER RADAR INDICATORS ...........................................34

RDS 81, 82, 84 & 86, RDR 2000, RDR 2100

and Primus /Collins Color Indicators ...............................34

Weather Only Mode ..............................................................35

Weather with TCAS Traffic Mode .........................................35

TCAS Only Mode ..................................................................36

WX & TCAS MESSAGE FORMATS ..........................................36

TCAS Mode Annunciations ...................................................36

TCAS Fault Annunciations ....................................................37

TCAS ONLY mode ...............................................................37

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Table of Contents

SECTION III: OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES ............................39

TCAS OPERATING PROCEDURES ........................................40

Before Takeoff .....................................................................40

Flight Procedures .................................................................40

After Landing ........................................................................41

Post Flight .......................................................................41

SECTION IV: SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS ................................43

LIMITATIONS AND NOTES ......................................................44

Limitations .............................................................................44

Notes .....................................................................................44

APPENDIX: TCAS I SELF TEST ..................................................47

TCAS SELF TEST .....................................................................48

FAILURE CONDITIONS ............................................................49

CP 66A/B Control Panel Test ...............................................49

IVA 81A/C/D & TID 66A/D Optional Lamp Test ....................50

Radio Altimeter .....................................................................50

GLOSSARY OF TCAS TERMS .................................................50

Abbreviations and Definitions ...............................................50

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006-08746-0000 Rev 7

System ComponentsCAS 66A Pilot's Guide

SYSTEM COMPONENTS

TRAFFIC DISPLAYS:

IVA 81A/C/D & TID 66A/D,

Compatible Radar Indicators via GC 362A,

Compatible EFIS.

TCAS CONTROLS

CP 66A/B TCAS I Controller

CD 671C, KFS 578A, PS 578A & PS 550 TCAS/Transponder Controllers

Discretes

TPU 66A & ANT 67A W/ OPTIONAL OMNI.

Control Options

ABOVE

SBY

FL T/Wx

TCAS

ON SBY OFF

R 1 IDT

T/Wx

1 2

RANGE

< >

OFF

PWR

Use only one option

AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

• Radio Altimeter

• Pitch, Roll & Heading

• Barometric Altitude

• Suppression

• Discretes

• Cockpit Speaker

• Headphones

NORM

BELOW

T/Wx

TCAS

TST

PUSH TO TST

TPR/

IDT

TCAS

VFR

ALT

PUSH

SBY

TST

SBY

TCAS Discretes

RNG

FAIL

ABOVE

TCAS WX

NORM BELOW

T/WX

PUSH FOR FL

2200

TA/RA 5

XPDR/TCAS

RANGE

^ ^

PUSH

TST

A/B

TST

PWR

< >

D T

IDT

ALT VFR

ON SBY

TST

1/2

Top Directional

ANT 67A

D W F

TPU 66A

TCAS I

PROCESSOR

D W F

Bottom Directional

ANT 67A

Bottom Omni-Directional

L-Band AntennaAURAL SYSTEM

CAS 66A TCAS I Block Diagram

Traffic Displays Options

3 ATI TA/VSI

RNG 5

TA SEL

+03

+12

-12

+08

BRT

EFS

EFIS MFD Display

BRT

WxA

NAV MAP

GND MAP

WXA

GAIN

Audio to Speaker

or Audio Panel

GC 362A

TCAS

GRAPHIC

UNIT

Effective Date 2/06006-08746-0000 Rev 7

3 ATI Dedicated

Traffic Display

RNG 5

+03

U 2.0

Radar Display

ABOVE

BENDIX

LOG

ON TST

SBY

OFF

RNG

TRK

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

TCAS (an acronym formed from the phrase Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System) is an airborne system used for detecting and tracking aircraft near your own aircraft. TCAS I includes a TCAS processor, antennas, a traffic display and a means to control the system. The TCAS processor and antennas detect and track other aircraft by interrogating their transponders. Aircraft detected, tracked, and displayed by TCAS are referred to as Intruders. TCAS analyzes the transponder replies to determine range, bearing and relative altitude, if the Intruder is reporting altitude. Should the TCAS processor determine that a possible collision hazard exists, it issues visual and aural advisories to the crew. The visual advisory is shown by symbols on the traffic display. Complementing the traffic display, TCAS provides appropriate synthesized voice announcements in the cockpit. A complete list of traffic symbols and announcements is given in the Theory of Operation and Symbology section of this Pilot’s Guide.

TCAS is unable to detect any Intruding aircraft without an operating transponder. TCAS can detect and track aircraft with either an ATCRBS (operating in Mode A or C) or Mode S transponders.

The traffic display shows the Intruding aircraft’s position. TCAS identifies the relative threat of each Intruder by using various symbols and colors. The Intruder’s altitude, relative to your own aircraft’s altitude, is annunciated if the Intruder is reporting altitude. A trend arrow is used to indicate if the Intruder is climbing or descending more than 500 feet per minute. TCAS traffic may be displayed on a weather radar indicator, on a dedicated TCAS display, on a TCAS compatible EFIS Display Unit or a TA/VSI (combination traffic display and vertical speed instrument).

TCAS modes and functions are controlled by switches located on a TCAS control panel or in combination with various other controls. A description of controls is given in the Controls and Displays section of this Pilot’s Guide.

ATC procedures and the “see and avoid concept” will continue to be the primary means of ensuring aircraft separation. However, if communication is lost with ATC, TCAS adds a significant backup for collision avoidance.

Effective Date 6/94 006-08746-0000 Rev 2

IntroductionCAS 66A Pilot's Guide

TCAS:

• Is compatible with the ATC System

• Determines if a threat exists from ATCRBS or Mode S Transponder equipped aircraft

• Provides display and audio announcement to the crew

- Position information displayed on a traffic display

- Synthesized voice

• Incorporates sensor inputs and sophisticated algorithms to minimize nuisance visual and aural annunciations.

Effective Date 5/99006-08746-0000 Rev 5

Theory of Operation and Symbology

TTHHIISS PPAAGGEE IINNTTEENNTTIIOONNAALLLLYY LLEEFFTT BBLLAANNKK

Effective Date 5/93

006-08746-0000 Rev 0

Theory of Operation and SymbologyCAS 66A Pilot's Guide

SECTION I : THEORY OF OPERATION AND SYMBOLOGY

RNG 10

+05

TA ONLY

SECTION I DESCRIBES TCAS I THEORY OF OPERATION AND

SYMBOLOGY.

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Theory of Operation and Symbology

TCAS OPERATION

TCAS monitors the airspace surrounding your aircraft by interrogating the transponder of the Intruding aircraft. The interrogation reply enables TCAS to compute the following information about the Intruder:

1. Range between your aircraft and the Intruder.

2. Relative bearing to the Intruder.

3. Altitude and vertical speed of the Intruder, if the Intruder is

reporting altitude.

4. Closing rate between the Intruder and your aircraft.

Using this data TCAS predicts the time to, and the separation at, the Intruder’s Closest Point of Approach (CPA). Should TCAS predict that certain safe boundaries may be violated, it will issue a Traffic Advisory (TA) to alert the crew that closing traffic is nearby.

TCAS I SENSITIVITY LEVEL

TCAS I separates the surrounding airspace into two altitude layers. A different sensitivity threshold level for issuing TAs (traffic advisories) is applied to each altitude layer. Lower altitudes have less sensitive TA threshold levels to prevent unnecessary advisories in the higher traffic densities anticipated at lower flight levels, i.e., terminal areas.

TCAS I has two sensitivity levels (SL) which are described in Table 1, TCAS Sensitivity Levels. SL A is invoked using the following order of precedence: (1) when the TCAS aircraft is below 2,000 feet AGL (if equipped with radio altimeter) OR (2) when the landing gear is Extended (no radio altimeter installed). SL B occurs under all other flight conditions. Table 2, Typical Traffic Advisory Conditions for Sensitivity Levels describes what conditions will cause a TA to be issued. If aircraft is not equipped with either a radio altimeter or retractable landing gear, TCAS I will stay in SL B at all times.

Sensitivity Level

SL A In sensitivity level A, TCAS I performs surveillance and tracking

functions and provides traffic advisories. The conditions for sensitivity level A are any one of the following:

(1) Own aircraft is in-flight and is below 2,000 feet AGL, if a

radio altimeter is installed.

(2) Own aircraft is in-flight and the Landing Gear is extended, if a

radio altimeter is NOT installed.

Effective Date 6/94 006-08746-0000 Rev 2

DESCRIPTION

Theory of Operation and SymbologyCAS 66A Pilot's Guide

SL B In sensitivity level B, TCAS I performs surveillance and tracking

functions and provides traffic advisories. The conditions for sensitivity level B are based on own aircraft in-flight and:

(1) If radio altitude source is installed and own aircraft altitude is

above 2,000 feet AGL (radio altitude).

(2) If radio altitude source is NOT installed and own aircraft has

Landing Gear Retracted.

(3) If the aircraft has a fixed landing gear and no radio altimeter is

installed.

Table 1: TCAS Sensitivity Levels

Sensitivity Level

SL A The following conditions cause TCAS I to generate a TA in sensi-

CONDITIONS FOR TRAFFIC ADVISORIES (TAs)

tivity level A:

• TCAS calculates that if current closing rate is maintained, separation of less than 600 feet in altitude between own and Intruder will occur in 20 seconds.

• Separation between own and Intruder is less than 1200 feet in altitude and less than 0.20 nautical mile range.

• NAR (Non-Altitude Reporting) Intruder is within 15 seconds or

0.20 nautical mile range.

SL B The following conditions cause TCAS I to generate a TA in sensi-

Standby or Fail • TAs are not generated. Mode

tivity level B:

• TCAS I calculates that if current closing rate is maintained, sep-

aration of less than 800 feet in altitude between own and Intruder will occur in 30 seconds.

• Separation between own and Intruder is less than 800 feet in

altitude and less than 0.55 nautical miles in range.

• NAR (Non-Altitude Reporting) Intruder is within 20 seconds or

0.55 nautical mile range.

Table 2: Typical Traffic Advisory Conditions for Sensitivity Levels

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Theory of Operation and Symbology

TCAS I SURVEILLANCE VOLUMES

Surveillance volume is that volume of airspace within which other aircraft with Mode S or ATCRBS transponders are tracked by own aircraft’s TCAS.

(1) Range Tracking Volumes

The shape and size of the range tracking volume is dependent on whether Mode S or ATCRBS transponders are being interrogated, whether tracking is occurring on a directional or OMNI antenna, and attenuation levels applied to the transmitted pulses from the TCAS processor’s transmitter. The typical range tracking volume is pictured as an ellipse. The distance behind own-aircraft is about one half of the forward distance. The tracking range to either side of own-aircraft is about two thirds of the maximum forward distance.

The maximum forward range for TCAS is 40 nm. TCAS reduces range tracking volumes in high density areas to reduce the number of receptions to be processed by TCAS and for interference limiting. TCAS can track as many as 45 aircraft and displays up to 30 of them.

(2) Altitude Tracking Volumes

TCAS I tracks other transponder equipped aircraft that are within a relative altitude of +/-9,000 feet.

TCAS I AURAL INHIBITS

TCAS I will inhibit the aural annunciation using the following order of precedence: (1) below 400 feet AGL (if equipped with radio altimeter) OR (2) when the landing gear is Extended (no radio altimeter installed). For installations aboard aircraft with fixed landing gear, the aural annunciation is never inhibited by the TCAS I processor. The aural annunciation is enabled above 600 feet AGL in aircraft equipped with a radio altimeter.

Effective Date 5/93 006-08746-0000 Rev 0

Theory of Operation and SymbologyCAS 66A Pilot's Guide

TCAS TRAFFIC DISPLAY SYMBOLS

TCAS I will display three different traffic symbols on the traffic display. The type of symbol selected by TCAS is based on the Intruder’s location and closing rate. Relative bearing and distance to the Intruder are shown by the position of the Intruder symbol in relation to the own-aircraft symbol.

The symbols change shape and color as separation decreases between your aircraft and Intruders to represent increasing levels of urgency.

The traffic symbols may also have an associated altitude tag that shows relative altitude in hundreds of feet, indicating whether the Intruder is climbing, flying level or descending. A + sign and number above the symbol means the Intruder is above your altitude. A - sign and number beneath indicates the Intruder is below your altitude. A trend arrow appears when the Intruder’s vertical rate is 500 feet per minute or greater.

No altitude number or trend arrow will appear beside any Intruder that is Non-Altitude Reporting (NAR).

If TCAS direction finding techniques fail to locate the azimuth of another aircraft, a NO BEARING message appears on the screen when the Intruder becomes a threat.

NON-THREAT TRAFFIC

+17

An open white diamond indicates that an Intruder’s relative altitude is greater than ±1200 feet, or its distance is beyond 5 nm range. It is not yet considered a threat.

This traffic is 1700 feet above your own altitude, descending at 500 feet per minute or greater.

+1700 Ft. and

Descending

+17

RNG 5

Effective Date 5/93006-08746-0000 Rev 0

Theory of Operation and Symbology

PROXIMITY INTRUDER TRAFFIC

+10

A filled white diamond indicates that the Intruding aircraft is within ±1200 feet and within 5 nm range, but is still not considered a threat.

This Intruder is now 1000 feet above your aircraft and descending.

RNG 3

+10

+1000 Ft. and

Descending

TRAFFIC ADVISORY (TA)

A symbol change to a filled yellow circle indicates that the Intruding aircraft is considered to be potentially hazardous. Depending upon TCAS sensitivity level, TCAS I will display a TA when time to CPA (Closest Point of Approach) is 15 to 30 seconds.

Here the Intruder is 500 feet above your aircraft. A

+05

voice is heard in the cockpit, advising:

“Traffic, Traffic”

The crew should attempt to gain visual contact with the Intruder and be prepared to maneuver upon visual acquisition.

The crew should take

no evasive action

based solely on the

TCAS display.

+05

+500 Ft.

Effective Date 6/94 006-08746-0000 Rev 2

RNG 3

Theory of Operation and SymbologyCAS 66A Pilot's Guide

OFF SCALE TRAFFIC

Threat aircraft (TA’s) that are beyond the selected display range are indicated by one half of the traffic symbol at the edge of the screen. The position of the half-symbol represents the bearing of the Intruder.

RNG 5

-05

TA ONLY

TA traffic on 5 mile range.

RNG 3

-05

TA ONLY

Same TA traffic; beyond selected range.

Effective Date 6/94006-08746-0000 Rev 2

Theory of Operation and Symbology

INDICATIONS AND VOICE ANNOUNCEMENTS

“Traffic, Traffic”

RNG 5

-04

TA ONLY

Situation:

One Intruder is ahead near the 2:00 o’clock position, between 2 and 3 miles, 400 feet below your altitude and closing. TCAS recognizes the threat and issues a TA.

TCAS TRAFFIC ADVISORY ANNUNCIATION (TA):

Aural Visual Crew Response

“TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC”

A filled yellow circle on the

Traffic Display

Conduct visual search for the

Intruder. If successful, maintain

visual acquisition to ensure

safe operation.

IMPORTANT:

The pilot should NOT initiate evasive maneuvers using information on the Traffic Display only. Use the TA (Traffic Advisory) symbol to visually acquire the Intruder and be prepared to maneuver upon visual acquisition.

Audio Announcements:

Synthesized voice announcements are issued by TCAS over the aircraft audio system. The following table lists all the audio messages, and advisories, in the TCAS I vocabulary.

Audio Messages

CONDITION ADVISORY MESSAGE

Traffic Advisory “TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC”

If Previous TA is Active “TRAFFIC”

Self Test Passed “TCAS SYSTEM TEST OK”

Self Test Failed “TCAS SYSTEM TEST FAIL”

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006-08746-0000 Rev 4

Controls and DisplaysCAS 66A Pilot's Guide

SECTION II: CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS

SBY

OFF

TCAS

TST

PUSH TO TST

FAIL

TCAS WX

T/WX

PUSH FOR FL

SECTION II DESCRIBES CONTROLS AND

DISPLAYS OF THE TCAS I EQUIPMENT.

ABOVE NORM

BELOW

Effective Date 6/94006-08746-0000 Rev 2

Controls and Displays

TCAS CONTROLS

This section describes the control units for the TCAS equipment. Several types of control units are described. The TCAS functions can be controlled by various control panels or discrete switches. Not all the functions described are required in every installation.

TCAS I CONTROL PANEL; CP 66A

SBY

FL T/Wx

SBY

ABOVE

NORM

BELOW

Wx T/Wx TCAS

RNG

TST

PWR

CP 66A

TCAS I Control Panel

Note: The controls vary depending on CP 66A/CP 66B configuration

installed. All functions are the same as typical of units shown.

Pushing the PWR push button cycles the TCAS ON or OFF. At power down, the control panel senses

PWR

whether the TCAS is in SBY or On mode. Upon powerup, the control returns the TCAS to the same condition.

Whenever TCAS is On, pressing SBY places the TCAS in SBY (Standby) mode. In Standby mode, all TCAS

SBY

broadcast, surveillance, and tracking operations are disabled and the traffic display is blanked except for a “TCAS STBY” mode annunciation. If TCAS is in Standby, pressing the SBY button places TCAS I in the ON mode.

Pushing the TEST button initiates a comprehensive self

TST

test lasting approximately eight seconds. Refer to the Appendix for a description of the self test function.

Effective Date 6/94 006-08746-0000 Rev 2

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