Apple Power Macintosh 8100 User Manual

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PowerMacin t osh

User’ s Guide

Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related information for P ower Macintosh 8100 series computers

K Apple Computer, Inc.

written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 (408) 996-1010

Apple, the Apple logo, AppleScript, AppleShare, AppleTalk, ImageWriter, Inter•Poll, LaserWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, MacTerminal, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

Apple Desktop Bus, AudioVison, Balloon Help, Disk First Aid, Finder, GeoPort, Macintosh PC Exchange, PlainTalk, Power Macintosh, PowerTalk, and QuickDraw GX are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated, registered in the United States. Adobe Photoshop is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

ExposurePro is a registered trademark of Baseline Publishing, Inc. Helvetica and Times are registered trademarks of Linotype-Hell Company. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola Corporation. NuBus is a trademark of Texas Instruments. PowerPC and the PowerPC logo are trademarks of International Business Machines

Corporation, used under license therefrom. QMS is a registered trademark and ColorScript is a trademark of QMS, Inc. QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc. SuperPaint is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation. Tektronix is a registered trademark and Phaser is a trademark of Tektronix, Inc. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an

endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products.

Cont ents

Communications regulation information vi

Preface Welcome to Power Macintosh ix

1Getting Started 1

Plugging in the computer 1 Installing an expansion card 3 Connecting a monitor 3 Connecting the mouse and keyboard 8 Connecting other equipment 9 Turni n g th e computer on 10 Problems turning your computer on? 13 What’s next? 14 Learning the basics 15 Revi ewing the bas ics 16 Turni n g th e computer off 17 Where to find answers 18

iii

2Getting Help 19

Getting answers to your questions 20 Identifying objects on the screen 28 Learning useful shortcuts 29

3Connecting Additional Equipment 31

Your computer at a glance 31 Connecting audio equipment 34 Connecting video equipment 39 Expanding memory 49 Installing internal drives 50

4Installing and Using Application Programs 51

Installing application programs 51 Working with several programs at a time 53 Backing up your files 54 Usi ng Powe r Macintosh application programs 55 Usi ng older Macintosh programs 56

5Troubleshooting 57

When you have questions 57 When you run into trouble 57 Solutions to common problems 61 If your computer’s performance decreases 73 Solv ing printer problems 74 Choosing the correct networking software 75 If you have trouble using a monitor with an

AV-e quipped Power Macintosh 76 Initializing a hard disk 81 Repairing a damaged disk 85 Installing or reinstalling system software 90

Contents

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 99

Health-related information about computer use 99 Safety ins tru ctions 104 Handling your computer equipment 105 Cleaning your equipment 10 9

Appendix B Installing an Expansion Card 111

Installing a card with a DAV connector in your

AV- e quipped Power Macintosh computer 112 NuBus power requirements 113 Installing a NuBus card 113

Appendix C Special Keys on Your Keyboard 121

Index 123

Contents

Communications regulation information

FCC statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected.

Radio and television interference

The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.

If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops. m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio. m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio. m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.

(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful: Interference Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

IMPORTANT

could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple

peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,

Communications Regulation Information

DOC statement

DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.

Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des Communications.

VCCI statement

CD-ROM drive

WARNING

equipment’s manual may result in hazardous exposure.

WARNING

this product is harmful to the eyes. The use of optical instruments, such as magnifying lenses, with this product increases the potential hazard to your eyes. For your safety, have this equipment serviced only by an Apple-authorized service provider.

If you have an internal Apple CD-ROM drive in your computer, your computer is a Class 1 laser product. The Class 1 label, located on the computer, indicates that the drive meets minimum safety requirements. A service warning label is on the CD-ROM drive inside the computer.

Making adjustments or performing procedures other than those specified in your

Do not attempt to disassemble the cabinet containing the laser. The laser beam used in

Communications Regulation Information

vii

Welcome to Power Macintosh

Congratulations on the purchase of your new Macintosh. Your computer is designed to give you the highest performance combined with real ease of use—it’s easy to set up, easy to use, and easy to expand. This book will guide you through the setup procedure, tell you how to expand your Macintosh, and provide many tips on using your new system.

Your Macintosh computer is powered by the new † microprocessor (or “chip”). This microprocessor was designed by Apple Computer, Inc., Motorola, Inc., and IBM Corporation. The † microprocessor uses Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) technology to deliver very high performance at the lowest possible cost. The † RISC m icroprocessor represents the state of the art i n microprocessor design.

Your new Macintosh will run almost all your existing Macintosh software, but for best performance and greatest speed, look for the new software programs designed especially for Power Macintosh computers. You’ll find Power Macintosh programs at any software store that carries products for Macintosh.

Monitor

Keyboard cable

(sometimes built

into the keyboard

as shown here)

Macintosh computer

Keyboard

Adapters for composite video

(AV-equipped Power Macintosh only)

Monitor cable

(sometimes built into the monitor)

Mouse

Computer power cord

Monitor power cord

(sometimes built into the monitor)

Follow the instructions in this

chapter to set up your computer

and learn the basics.

Getting Started

The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded wall outlet. Before following the setup instructions in this chapter, you may want to read “Arra nging Your Office” i n Appendix A (in the section on health-related information) for tips on adjusting your work furniture so that you’re comfortable when using the computer.

Pluggin g in th e computer

Before you plug your Macintosh into a wall socket, carefully read all the setup instructions in this chapter. Then, before you connect anything to your Macintosh, follow the instructions in this section to plug it in. The plug grounds the computer and protects it from electrical damage while you are setting up.

When you are ready to begin, follow these steps:

1Plug the socket end of the computer’s power cord into the recessed power socket

≤

(marked with he symbol

2Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.

) on the back of the computer.

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the pur pose of the grounding plug!

Power cord socket

Chapter 1

Power cord plug

IMPORTANT

Be sure that at least one end of the power cord is within easy

reach so that you can unplug the computer when you need to.

3If necessary, switch the computer off.

If you heard a tone when you plugged in the computer, the computer has started up and you need to turn it off before proceeding. Press the power switch to turn the computer off. (The power switch is located on the back of the co mputer and is marked with the symbol I.)

Installing an expansion card

If you purchased an expansion card for your Macintosh, install it now. (See Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card,” for instructions.) If you don’t have an expansion card, go on to the next section, “Connecting a Monitor.”

Connectin g a monitor

You can connect many types of monitors to your Macintosh computer, including the following:

m Apple AudioVision monitors. AudioVision monitors have built-in speakers,

microphone, video, and a port for connecting such input devices as a keyboard.

m Most standard monitors. See the Tec hn ic al In fo rm a tio n booklet that came

with your computer for a complete list.

This section contains instructions on connecting both types of monitors. If you are connecting a monitor from a manufacturer other than Apple, also refer to the instructions that came with the monitor.

Getting Started

Connecting the monitor power cord

Monitors have two cords to connect: a power cord and a monitor cable. To connect the monitor power cord, follow these steps:

1Place the monitor next to the computer.

Keep these considerations in mind:

m Allow a few inches for air circulation around the computer and monitor. m Make sure that the top of the screen is slightly below eye level when you’re

sitting at the keyboard.

m Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from

overhead lights and windows.

For further suggestions about locating your computer equipment, consult “Arranging Your Office” in Appendix A (in the section on health-related information).

2Connect the monitor power cord to the monitor.

On some monitors, the cord is already attached.

Chapter 1

3Plug in the monitor power cord.

Some monitor power cords are designed to plug into the back of your computer. If you have an Apple AudioVision monitor, be sure to plug the monitor power cord into the back of the computer, not into an outlet.

Some monitor power cords must be connected to a grounded electrical outlet, not to the computer. Check the information that came with the monitor.

Monitor power socketMonitor power cord

Getting Started

Connecting the monitor cable

After you plug in the monitor power cord, you connect the monitor cable to the computer’s monitor port. Your computer has two monitor ports: a highdensity monitor port and a second monitor port. The high-density port accepts a monitor with a screen 16 inches or smaller (measured diagonally).

High-density monitor port

Second monitor port

You can connect one or two monitors of either type, or one of each type.

Chapter 1

To connect the monitor cable, follow these steps:

1Attach the monitor cable to the monitor.

On some monitors, the cable is already attached.

2Attach the monitor cable to one of the monitor ports on the back panel of the computer.

If you have a standard monitor, attach the monitor cable to the second monitor port. If you have an AudioVision monitor, you can attach the monitor cable to the computer’s high-density monitor port. However, if you plan to use your AudioVision monitor for video digitizing, you will get better results if you use the adapter cables from the AudioVision adapter kit to attach the monitor to the second monitor port. (If you don’t have the adapter kit, you can purchase it from an Apple-authorized dealer.)

AudioVision monitors can be connected here.

Standard monitors and AudioVision monitors with adapter cables are connected here.

If you have an AudioVision monitor, see the information that came with the monitor to use its special features.

Getting Started

Connectin g the mouse and keyboard

You have a choice of several keyboards for your Macintosh. The way you connect the mouse and keyboard depends on whether the keyboard has a separate cable or a built-in cable.

Connecting a keyboard with a separate cable

1Plug the mouse cable into the port on either side of the keyboard.

Most right-handed people prefer to use the mouse with their right hand; most left-handed people prefer to use their left hand. Plug the mouse into the port on the side you prefer.

The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). Align the symbols bef ore you inser t the plug. (The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured here.)

By the way: A port marked with the ◊ icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port.

ADB icon

Chapter 1

2Plug the keyboard cable (both ends are the same) into the other port on the keyboard.

If you plugged the mouse cable in on the right, for example, plug the keyboard cable in on the left.

3Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the

computer.

◊

icon on the back of the

Some monitors have a port to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse. See the information that came with your monitor.

Connecting a keyboard with a built-in cable

1Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard.

The plug and the port are marked with the ◊ icon (symbol). The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.

By the way: A port marked with the ◊ icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port.

Plug the mouse into the recessed port on the keyboard. The flat part of the plug should be pointing down, as shown here.

This cable plugs into the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port on the back of the computer. The ADB port on the

◊

computer is marked with the

icon.

2Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the ◊icon on the back of the

computer.

Some monitors have aport to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse. See the information that came with your monitor.

Connecting other equipment

If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in this chapter.

When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the instructions in Chapter 3.

Getting Started

Turning the computer on

To tu rn on the computer for the first time, follow these steps:

1Turn on your monitor.

See the information that came with your monitor for the location of the power switch. On Apple monitors, the power switch is marked with the symbol I.

By the way: You only need to turn on the monitor once. From now on, the monitor will turn off automatically when you shut down the computer, and it will turn on automatically when you start up the computer. (If the monitor is not plugged into the computer, it must be turned on separately each time you turn on the computer.)

Chapter 1

2 Turn on your computer by pressing the Power key on the keyboard.

The Power key is marked with a triangle. Its location depends on which keyboard you have.

You hear a tone from the computer as it starts up.

Getting Started

3Check to see what’s on your screen.

m If you see the Macintosh desktop, shown here, your system software is

already set up correctly. Skip now to “

What’s Next?”

Hard disk icon

Macintosh desktop

m If you see a blinking question mark, you need to install system software on

the co mputer’s hard disk. (System software is a set of programs the computer uses to start itself up.)

See “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 5 of this book for information on installing system software.

m If you see anything else on your screen, or if you see nothing at all, see the

next section, “Problems Turni ng Your Computer On?”

Chapter 1

Prob le ms turning your computer on?

If you don’t see anything on the screen, check these items to see if you can identi fy the problem:

m Is the computer plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a power

strip, is the power strip turned on?

m Is the computer turned on? The power-on light on the front panel should

be on. If it isn’t on, press the power switch (marked with the symbol I).

m Are the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t disconnect

the keyboard or mouse cable while the computer is on. You could damage your equipment.)

m Is th e monitor power cord plugged in? m Is the monitor turned on? (Check the power-on light on the front of the

monitor.)

m Is th e monitor cable attached firmly to both the monitor and computer? m Is th e brightness control on the monitor adjusted correctly? (On Apple

monitors, the brightness control is marked with the symbol ¤.)

Getting Started

What’s next?

Yo u’ve finished setting up your computer. Continue with one of the following steps:

m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the

Basics.”

m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting

Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh.

m If you want to connect additional equipment, such as a microphone, to your

computer, see Chapter 3 of this book for instructions.

m If you want to install application software on your computer, see Chapter 4

of this book for information on setting up your programs and managing memory. You’ll need this information to properly set up any software programs specifically designed for Power Macintosh computers.

IMPORTANT

If you need to turn off your computer at any point, please see “Turning the Computer Off” later in this chapter. It is very important to use the correct procedure for shutting down your Macintosh before turning it off.

Chapter 1

Learning the basics

If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-touse p r ogram called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps:

1Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk.

Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger). Notice that the arrow (8) on the screen moves in the same direction that you move the mouse.

Mouse button

If the arrow doesn’t move, make sure that the cables connecting the mouse and keyboard are secure and that your mouse is positioned as shown in the illustration.

2Move the tip of the arrow (8) to the question mark (h) in the upper-right portion of the

screen.

If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse, pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The ar row on the screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.)

3With the tip of the arrow on the question mark, press and hold down the mouse button.

A list of choices (called a menu) appears. This is the Guide (h) menu, which is the place to go when you have a question about how to use your computer.

Getting Started

4While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow until the words “Macintosh

Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the mouse button.

A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book.

Reviewing the basics

The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial.

The strip across the

top of the screen is

called the menu bar.

The symbols and

words in it represent

menus of commands.

Icons are small pictures

that represent disks,

folders, programs, and

documents. To open

an icon, click the

icon twice quickly.

Windows are boxes

that display text,

graphics, or icons. To

bring a partially

covered window to the

front, click anywhere

in the window.

To move a window,

drag it by the title bar.

To close a window,

click the close box.

To find an answer to

a question, look in the

Guide (

To bring hidden portions of a window’s contents into view, click the scroll arrows.

) menu.

You can have several application programs open at once. To see which program is active or to switch from one program to another, use this menu (called the Application menu).

This icon represents your computer’s internal hard disk.

To change the size or shape of a window, drag the size box.

To throw away an item you no longer want, drag it to the Trash and choose Empty Trash from the Special menu.

Chapter 1

Turning the computer off

To tur n your computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Special menu. Detailed instructions follow.

1Move the tip of the arrow (8) to the word “Special” at the top center of the screen.

If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide [h] menu) a nd choose Finder. Then try step 1 again.

2With the tip of the arrow on the word “Special,” press and hold down the mouse button. 3While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow down until the words “Shut

Down” are highlighted, then release the mouse button.

Choosing Shut Down readies the hard disk for a fast restart next time you turn on the computer. It also prompts you to save any unsaved work on a disk before turning the power off.

To tu rn t he computer on again, just press the Power key on the keyboard.

WARNING

Do not tur n the computer off by pressing the power switch on the back panel. If you do so, you will lose any work you haven’t previously saved onto a disk. You also risk losing open documents.

Getting Started

Where to find answers

When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers.

In this book

Macintosh

User’s Guide

Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems.

In the Guide menu

The Guide menu (marked with the hicon) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.

In other manuals

For answers to questions about other equipment or about application programs you have purchased, see the manuals that came with the equipment or programs.

From Apple’s customer support hotline

If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the customer support hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support information that came with your computer.)

Chapter 1

Use the instructions in this

chapter to learn about the help

available to you in the Guide menu.

Getting Help

The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.

Getting answers to your questions

When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu.

1Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose

Finder to make it the active application program.

A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program.

2Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.

The Macintosh Guide window appears.

Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its title ba r (the gray bar across the top of the window).

Chapter 2

3Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.

Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:

Topics

lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of

contents in a book.

Index

lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it

is like the index in a book.

Look For

lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase

that you type. In the following sections you will practice using each method. If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using

Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.

Getting answers with the Topics button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.

A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide window. (Depending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics may look different.)

Getting Help

2Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics.

When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

3Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click

the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

4 Read and follow the instructions in this window.

5When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

Chapter 2

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Getting answers with the Index button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.

An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window.

Slider

Scroll bar

2Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible.

You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.

3Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.

When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Chapter 2

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.

To activate the text

box, click here.

Type a word or phrase

in the text box…

…and then click here.

2Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.

Getting answers with the Look For button

A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text.

When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or double-

If you want to close

Macintosh Guide,

click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to

click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to display the next step.

close Macintosh Guide.

Chapter 2

Tips for using Macintosh Guide

Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:

m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the

desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.

m Follow th e steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read

ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a step correctly.

m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of

other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag it by the title bar at the top of the window.

You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom box. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time to expand the window to its original size.

m If you need more information about an instr uction or a term, click the

button labeled “Huh?” to get further explanation. (The “Huh?” button is dimmed when no additional information is available.)

m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the

Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.

m When you’re finished using Macintosh Guide, click the close box in

the upper-left corner of the window.

Close box

Topics button

“Huh?” button

Title bar

Zoom box

Right arrow

Getting Help

Identifying objects on the screen

Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help.

Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips.

Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

2Point to any object on the screen that you want to identify.

icon) and choose Show Balloons.

A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the Trash to throw items away.

Although balloons appear next to items when you point to them, the way you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and so on.

3When you’re finished using Balloon Help, choose Hide Balloons from the Guide menu.

Chapter 2

Learning useful shor tcuts

You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.

Foll o w these st eps to learn keyboard and mouse shortcuts:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Shortcuts.

The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.

Getting Help

2Click one of the category buttons.

If you want to

close the window,

click here.

Click here to return to

the main Macintosh

Shortcuts window for

more categories.

3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.

4When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in

Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category.

Click here to see the next window (if there is one).

Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one).

the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.

Chapter 2

Read this chapter for information on

expanding your computer system

with additional hardware.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Your computer at a glance

The illustration shows a basic Power Macintosh 8100 series system, ready to use. However, you can also expand your computer system.

CD-ROM drive

(optional)

Floppy

disk drive

Hard disk drive

(internal)

Power-on light

Monitor

Keyboard

Interrupt switch

Reset switch

Mouse

The illustrations on this page and the next show where equipment should be connected to your computer.

For instructions on connecting audio or video equipment, refer to the next two sections of this chapter. For instructions on connecting other equipment, such as a CD-ROM drive, see the manual that came with the equipment.

Power Macint osh 8100 series computer

SCSI port

Connects your Macintosh to SCSI equipment such

as hard disk drives, scanners, and printers.

Ethernet port

Connects your Macintosh to a high-speed network.

High-density monitor port

Connects a monitor to your Macintosh.

Printer port

Connects your Macintosh to a printer

or LocalTalk network.

Modem port (GeoPort)

Connects an external modem or

GeoPort Adapter to your Macintosh.

ADB port

Connects your Macintosh to input

devices, such as a keyboard or a trackball.

™

[

Power switch

≤

Power socket

Monitor power socket

™

Monitor port

Connects a monitor to your Macintosh.

Expansion slots (3)

Security lock ports

Sound output port

Connects your Macintosh to headphones,

speakers, or other audio output equipment.

Chapter 3

≈

Sound input port

Connects your Macintosh to a microphone or other audio input equipment.

AV-equipped Power Macintosh 8100 series computer

SCSI port

Connects your Macintosh to SCSI equipment such

as hard disk drives, scanners, and printers.

Ethernet port

Connects your Macintosh to a high-speed network.

High-density monitor port

Connects a monitor to your Macintosh.

Printer port

Connects your Macintosh to a printer

or LocalTalk network.

Modem port (GeoPort)

Connects an external modem or

GeoPort Adapter to your Macintosh.

ADB port

Connects your Macintosh to input

devices, such as a keyboard or a trackball.

Sound output port

Connects your Macintosh to headphones,

speakers, or other audio output equipment.

™

[

≤

Power switch

Camera and S-video input port

Connects your Macintosh to a video camera, VCR, or other video equipment that uses the S-video format. Adapters for composite video format are supplied.

Power socket

Monitor power socket

Monitor port

™

Connects a monitor to your Macintosh.

Expansion slots (3)

Security lock

ports

Sound input port

Connects your Macintosh to a microphone

or other audio input equipment.

≈

S-video output port

Connects your Macintosh to a VCR or other video equipment that uses the S-video format. Adapters for composite video format are supplied.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting audio equipme nt

Your Macintosh can play and record stereo sound from a variety of sources. You can listen to or reproduce stereo sound by connecting audio equipment to the sound input and output ports on the computer. If you have an internal CD-ROM drive, you can also use your computer to play and record sound from audio compact discs (CDs).

For information on using Macintosh system software to choose audio input and output options, record an alert sound, or play audio CDs, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

About your computer’s sound ports

The sound input port is marked with an icon of a microphone. The sound output port is marked with an icon of a speaker.

Sound output port

Sound input port

When audio equipment is connected to the sound input port (X), you can hear or record the incoming sound on the computer.

When audio equipment is connected to the sound output port (-), you can record the sound produced by the computer or play that sound through external sp eakers.

Chapter 3

The computer’s sound ports accept an audio connector known as a ster e o miniplug. This connector is the type used on headphones for a personal tape

player, for example. If your equipment has a different type of connector, you can purchase an adapter at an electronics supply store.

Stereo miniplug

Connecting audio equipment

To play or record sound with your Macintosh, you can attach a microphone, amplifier, tape recorder, or a pair of speakers.

For specific instructions on connecting a microphone, skip to the next section, “Connecting and Positioning a Microphone.” For specific instructions on connecting speakers, see “Connecting External Stereo Speakers,” later in this cha p ter.

If your Macintosh has audio-visual (AV) capabilities, you can record sound and video simultaneously by connecting a VCR to your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Connecting Video Equipment for Output From the Computer,” later in this chapter.

Foll o w these steps to connect audio equipment to the Macintosh:

1Make sure that the audio equipment has a cable with a stereo miniplug connector.

If it does not, attach an adapter that has a stereo miniplug.

2Place the audio equipment near the Macintosh. 3Shut down the Macintosh and turn off the audio equipment.

Connecting Additional Equipment

4Attach the cable to the audio equipment and to the appropriate sound port on the

Macintosh.

To hear or record incoming sound on the computer, connect the audio equipment to the sound input port (X).

To record the sound produced by the computer or play that sound through external speakers, connect the audio equipment to the sound output port (-).

5Turn on the computer and the audio equipment.

Yo u’re now ready to begin listening to and working with sound. For more information on working with sound, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in th e Guide (h)menu.

Connecting and p ositioning a microphone

With appropriate software, you can use a microphone to give spoken commands to your Macintosh and to record your voice or other sounds.

You need the Apple PlainTalk Microphone (or a compatible microphone) to use speech-recognition technology with the Macintosh. Some models of the Macintosh come with the microphone. You can obtain the microphone from an Apple-authorized dealer. (You can’t use the round microphone supplied with some other Macintosh models.)

The Apple AudioVision 14 Display has the Apple PlainTalk Microphone built in.

Chapter 3

Follow these steps to connect and position the microphone:

1Shut down the Macintosh. 2Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (X) on the back of the

computer.

3Place the microphone at the top center of the monitor, so that the microphone’s

Apple (

) icon is facing you.

If you can’t place the microphone on top of the monitor, position the microphone according to these guidelines:

m The microphone should be between 1 and 3 feet away from you. m The microphone should be directly in front of you to minimize the

effect of background noises.

4 Turn on the computer.

Yo u’re now ready to begin using your microphone. To i ns ta ll Apple PlainTalk software, which enables you to give spoken

commands to the computer, get computer-voice feedback to your spoken commands, and have the computer read text to you, see Chapter 4.

For further instructions on how to use speech, see the “Speech” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting external ster eo speakers

You can take advantage of your computer’s stereo sound output by attaching external powered (amplified) speakers.

1 Assemble the speakers and the cable you need.

You need a cable with stereo miniplugs at each end to connect one or both speakers to the computer. (Some speakers require a dual-plug adapter. Others, like those shown in the next illustration, accept a single stereo miniplug and are join ed by standard speaker wires.)

2Turn off the Macintosh. 3Plug a stereo miniplug into the sound output port (-) on the Macintosh. 4Plug a stereo miniplug into the Audio In port on one of the speakers.

If the speakers take a dual-plug cable, connect both plugs.

5Connect the speakers together with speaker wires, if necessary.

Your finished connections should look like this:

Sound output

port

Powered speakers

Audio In port

6Turn on the computer.

Now you hear the computer’s sound through the external speakers. Note: To control the volume of your external speakers, open the Sound

control panel and choose Volumes in the pop-up menu. Use the Built-in Headphones slider to adjust the volume for your external speakers. If you are playing an audio CD, you may also need to adjust the volume control in the program you’re using to play CDs.

Chapter 3

Connecting video equipment

If you have an AV-equipped Power Macintosh, you can connect video equipment so that you can display, edit, and store video images on the computer. You can also view or record the computer’s images on a television or videocassette recorder (VCR).

Note: On AV-equipped Power Macintosh computers, the letters “AV” are included at the end of the computer’s name (for example, “Power Macintosh 810 0/ 80

To connect video equipment to a Power Macintosh that is not AV-equipp ed, you need to install a video card. For more information, see Appendix B, “Installing an Expansion Card.”

In this section you will learn to

m connect video equipment for input, so that you can view the video image

m connect video equipment for output, so that you can display or record

Your AV-equipped Macintosh can display and use video images from a variety of sources. To view video on your monitor, you connect video equipment to the video in put port on the computer. To display or record the computer’s output, you connect video equipment to the video output port.

AV”).

on your monitor, capture single frames, or save digitized video in files

images or sound from the computer

Your Macintosh can work with two major video formats:

m S-video m composite video

S-video is a high-quality video format used by many video cameras and VCRs. Televisions, most VCRs, and laserdisc players use the composite format. To find out which format your equipment uses, check the manual that came with your equipment.

Connecting Additional Equipment

About your computer’s S-video input and output p orts

Your AV-equipped Macintosh has two S-video ports. The input port brings in images from connected external equipment, such as a VCR. The output port sends images out from the computer to the external equipment.

Ææ

S-video input portS-video output port

Chapter 3

The S-video connector is a round plug with several small metal pins. You can plug this type of connector into your computer’s S-video input or output port.

S-video connector

IMPORTANT

The S-video connector resembles other Macintosh connectors, such as those for a printer, modem, mouse, or keyboard. Don’t confuse the connectors; they’re not interchangeable.

Using adap t ers for composite vid eo

Many video devices use composite video format i nstead of S-video. The cables for these devices have RCA-type plugs.

RCA plug. Use the adapters that come with your computer to plug this type of connector into your computer’s S-video input or output port.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Two adapters for RCA plugs come with your computer. To connect a cable with RCA plugs to your computer, connect the RCA plug to one of the adapters, and connect the adapter to the appropriate S-video port (input or output) on the back of your computer.

Connect the end marked with the Æ icon to the computer’s S-video output port. (The flat side of the connector should face up.)

To record images from your computer on a VCR or other video equipment, attach the end

of the adapter marked with the cable with RCA plugs, then connect the cable’s other RCA plug to the video input port on the video device.

icon to a

Connect the end marked with the æ icon to the computer’s S-video input port. (The flat side of the connector should face up.)

To view images from your VCR or other video equipment on your monitor, attach the end of the adapter marked with the to a cable with RCA plugs, then connect the cable’s other RCA plug to the video output port on the video device.

icon

Chapter 3

Connecting video equipment for input to the computer

When you connect video equipment to the Power Macintosh 8100/80AV, you can view video on the computer, capture video frames, and hear the sound from the video equipment through the computer’s speaker. The instructions that follow are for connecting a stereo VCR, but you can use them as a model for connecting your computer to any video equipment.

Before you start: m Make sure that the VCR has a cable with either a composite (RCA plug)

connector or an S-video connector. If the VCR has an RCA plug, make sure you have the adapter for

composite video marked with the æ icon.

m Place the VCR near the Macintosh. m Shut down the Macintosh and turn off the VCR.

Then follow these steps:

1 Assemble the cables you need to connect the VCR to the Macintosh.

You need the following cables (available at an electronics supply store): m Video cable with S-video connectors or RCA plugs at each end. (If you’re

using a video cable with RCA plugs, you’ll also need the adapter cable for composite video.)

S-video

RCA RCA

S-video

Adapter for composite video

S-video

m Audio cable with dual RCA plugs at one end and a 3.5-mm stereo miniplug

at the other end.

RCA

Stereo miniplug

You can also use an all-in-one cable (with one video and two audio RCA plugs at each end) if you attach appropriate adapters.

Connecting Additional Equipment

IMPORTANT

A Y-shaped adapter is supplied with the round microphone for some models of the Macintosh. This adapter is not compatible with your Power Macintosh.

2Attach one end of the video cable to the Video Out port on the VCR.

Foll o w the directions that came with the VCR.

3Plug the other end of the video cable (or adapter) into the S-video input port (

Macintosh.

) on the

If the connector doesn’t slide easily into the port, realign it and try again. Don’t use force, which could damage the computer or cable.

4Plug the dual RCA plugs on the audio cable into the left and right Audio Out ports on

the VCR.

5Plug the stereo miniplug on the audio cable into the sound input port (X) on the

Macintosh.

Your finished connections should look like this:

Sound input

≈

port

3.5-mm miniplug to dual RCA-plug cable (available at most electronics supply stores)

S-video input

port

Video Out

port

Audio Out ports

(left and right)

VCR

6Turn on the computer and the VCR.

You can now begin working with the video equipment connected to your Macintosh. For instructions on how to view video images, capture frames, and use video in other ways, see the “Video” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 3

Connecting video equipme nt for output from the c omputer

You can deliver and record a sophisticated presentation by combining the video and sound capabilities of your Macintosh. The steps that follow explain how to set up equipment for recording the computer’s output on videotape and adding voice annotation with a microphone.

To ensure that your presentation is recorded on videotape and shown on the television, you must connect the VCR to the computer and the television to the VCR.

Before you start: m Make sure that the VCR has a cable with either a composite (RCA plug)

connector or an S-video connector. If the VCR has an RCA plug, make sure you have the adapter for

composite video marked with the Æ icon.

m Place the VCR and television near the Macintosh. m Shut down the Macintosh and turn off the VCR and television.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Then follow these steps:

1 Assemble the VCR, television, microphone, and cables you need.

Be sure to use a microphone designed for your model of the Macintosh, such as the Apple PlainTal k Microphone.

You need the following cables (available at an electronics supply store): m Video cable with S-video connectors or RCA plugs at each end. (If you’re

using a video cable with RCA plugs, you’ll also need the adapter cable for composite video.)

S-video

RCA RCA

S-video

Adapter for composite video

S-video

m Audio cable with dual RCA plugs at one end and a 3.5-mm stereo miniplug

at the other end.

RCA

Stereo miniplug

m A cable to connect your VCR to your television.

Use a cable with an RCA or S-video plug to connect the VCR to the television. Do not use coaxial cable.

You can also use an all-in-one cable (with one video and two audio RCA plugsat each end) if you attach appropriate adapters.

IMPORTANT

A Y-shaped adapter is supplied with the round microphone for some models of the Macintosh. This adapter is not compatible with your Power Macintosh.

2Attach one end of the video cable to the Video In port on the VCR.

Foll o w the directions that came with the VCR.

Chapter 3

3Plug the other end of the video cable (or adapter) into the S-video output port (Æ) on the

Macintosh.

If the connector doesn’t slide easily into the port, realign it and try again. Don’t use force, which could damage the computer or cable.

4Plug the dual RCA plugs on the audio cable into the left and right Audio In ports on

the VCR.

5Plug the stereo miniplug on the audio cable (or adapter) into the sound output port (-)

on the Macintosh. 6Connect the VCR’s Video Out port to the television’s Video In port. 7Connect the microphone to the sound input port (X) on the Macintosh.

Your finished connections should look like this:

Microphone

S-video

output port

Sound

output

port

Sound

≈

input

port

3.5-mm miniplug to dual RCA-plug cable (available at most electronics supply stores)

8 Turn on the computer, the VCR, and the television. 9Select “line input” on your VCR.

Video

In port

Out port

Audio In ports (left and right)

Video

VCR

Video In port

See the manual that came with your VCR for instructions on how to select

the lin e input source.

For further instructions on how to record the computer’s output on videotape

and add voice annotation, see the “Video” topic of Macintosh Guide, available

in the Guide (h) menu.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Using a t elevisio n a s a mo ni to r

There are two ways to use a television as a monitor: m As described in the previous section, you can connect a VCR to the

computer’s S-video output port, a nd connect a television to the VCR’s Video Out port. Then you can record a presentation on videotape as it is displayed on the television.

m You can connect a television directly to the computer’s S-video output port

and display the computer’s images on it. This capability is especially useful if you’re using your Macintosh to give a presentation and you have access to a large-screen television. If your television does not support S-video, attach the adapter for composite video as described earlier in this chapter. (Be sure to use the adapter marked with the Æ icon.)

For further instructions on using a television as a monitor, see the “Video” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 3

Expanding memory

The random-access memory (RAM) in your computer can be expanded.

Installing additional RAM adds more memory chips to your computer and

expands its capabilities. The Tec h n ic a l In fo r m a t io n booklet that came with

your computer describes how much additional memory can be installed in

your Power Macintosh.

Memory for your computer is provided in packages called DRAM Single

Inline Memory Modules (SIMMs). The SIMMs must be the correct type for

your computer, and should be installed i n pairs of the same size into paired

slots in your computer.

In a Power Macintosh that is not AV-equipp ed, the memory used to display

images on the screen (called video RAM, or VRAM) can also be expanded.

In an AV-equipped Power Macintosh computer, VRAM cannot be expanded.

WARNING

To avoid damage to your computer, Apple recommends that only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM. Consult the service and support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for service. If you attempt to install additional RAM yourself, any damage you may cause to your equipment will not be covered by the limited warranty on your computer. See an Apple-authorized dealer or service provider for additional information about this or any other warranty question.

It is very important that the DRAM SIMMs be correctly installed in your Power Macintosh, because incorrect installation can result in errors, unpredictable results, and damage to your equipment and data.

Connecting Additional Equipment

WARNING

computer. Removing a factory-installed card at an angle can damage your equipment. Any NuBus computer will not operate properly if the factory-installed card is removed. If a factory-installed card needs to be removed, see an Appleauthorized service provider.

Installing int er nal drives

Your Macintosh can hold up to four internal storage devices, including a floppy disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, and two hard disk drives (several capacities a re available). These drives may already be installed. If you want to add an inter nal drive to your Macintosh, see your Apple-authorized dealer.

Do not remove any factory-installed cards from inside your

™

expansion cards installed in your

Chapter 3

Read this chapter for information on

installing and working with application

programs on your computer.

Installing and Using Application Programs

Installing application programs

Your computer has several application programs already installed, as well as some programs that need to be installed before you can use them. The programs that come with your computer include

m AppleScript, which allows you to automate any actions you perform

repeatedly on your Macintosh

m PlainTalk,which enables you to use spoken commands with your

Macintosh

m PowerTalk, which provides built-in mail and collaboration services m QuickDraw GX, which gives your computer more powerful printing

capabilities

Yo u’ll find these programs in the Apple Extras folder on your hard disk. To find out if a program needs to be installed, look inside the program’s folder for an icon labeled Installer. If you find an Installer icon and want to use that program, double-click the Installer and follow the instructions on the screen.

One program that comes with your computer, Video Monitor, is for use with computers that have AV capabilities. If you have an AV-equipped Power Macintosh computer, see the “Video” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu, for information on using Video Monitor.

Yo u’ ll probably want to buy and install additional programs. See the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them.

In most cases, you’ll install an application program on your internal hard disk from floppy disks that contain the program. The illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk into your computer’s disk drive.

Insert the floppy disk, metal end first, into the floppy disk drive of your computer.

For instructions on how to eject floppy disks, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

To use your programs most effectively, follow these guidelines: m Put only one copy of each program on your hard disk. Having more than

one copy can cause errors.

m Whenever you copy a program disk to your hard disk, be careful not to

copy a System Folder. Always check to see what you’ve copied, and drag any extra System Folders to the Trash.

m If a program malfunctions consistently, try installi ng a fresh copy. If that

doesn’t help, find out from the software manufacturer whether your version of the program is compatible with the system software you’re using.

Chapter 4

Working with several programs at a time

You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows.

All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.

The Finder icon

Commands to hide or display open windows

A checkmark

indicates the active

program.

Open programs

Finding out which pro grams are open

If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which program is active and which other programs are open by pulling down the Application menu.

Switching progr am s

You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its name from the Application menu.

If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its windows.

You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs to an op en program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a document that was created with the program).

Installing and Using Application Programs

Hiding and showing windows on the desktop

You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu.

The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again.

If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.

Backing up your files

Making backup copies of important files is good protection against possible damage to the originals.

m You can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them to floppy

disks.

m You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk,

or to a hard disk.

m You can use a commercial backup program to copy new and changed files

from a hard disk to another hard disk, to a tape drive, or to a series of floppy disks.

m If your computer is on a network, you can back up files by copying them to

a shared disk on the network.

Chapter 4

Using Power Ma cintosh application programs

Your Power Macintosh is compatible with most application programs intended for use with Macintosh computers. But certain programs are designed especially for Power Macintosh computers. (These are sometimes called “native” applications.) You’ll find that these programs take best advantage of your computer’s speed.

Special me mory requirements

Some Power Macintosh programs may be slightly larger than other programs and may take up more memory. If you find that you are running out of memory when you use your Power Macintosh programs, you can use space on your computer’s hard disk as additional memory. For instructions on how to use hard disk space as memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in th e Guide (h) menu.

You can also add more memory to your computer, as described in “Expanding Memory” in Chapter 3.

Shared libraries

Power Macintosh programs use special files called shared libraries. These files help Power Macintosh programs to run more efficiently, and can be used by more than one Power Macintosh program simultaneously. Any necessary shared libraries are installed automatically in the System Folder when you install Power Macintosh programs.

If a Power Macintosh program requires a shared library and there is not enough memory available for the shared library, you’ll see a message that the program could not be opened because of insufficient system memory. If this happ ens, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu, for instructions on turning on virtual memory.

If a required shared library is missing, you’ll see a message that the program could not be opened because the shared library could not be found. If this happens, follow the directions that came with your program to reinstall the program. If the shared library is still missing, contact the program’s manufacturer for assistance.

Installing and Using Application Programs

Using older Macintosh programs

If you experience problems using an older Macintosh program, it may be incompatible with your Power Macintosh. You may be able to use your older program if you change the Modern Memory Manager setting in your Memory control panel. For detailed instructions on using older programs with your Power Macintosh, see the “Worki ng with Programs” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 4

Consult this chapter if you experience

problems using your computer.

Troubleshooting

Whe n you have questions

If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to Macintosh Guide in the Guide (h) menu. For instructions on using Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual.

Whe n you run into trouble

While you’re using your computer, you may occasionally see a bomb icon or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8) “freezing” on the screen. If you have trouble with your computer, take a few minutes to read the information in this chapter. If your problem is related to a particular procedure, you should also look for information on that procedure in Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. For additional troubleshooting information and a list of common questions relating to your system software, see the “Troubleshooting” topic of Macintosh Guide.

If you are unable to access Macintosh Guide (for example, if your screen is “frozen”), refer to this chapter to see if you can resolve the problem.

Take your time

When you see an error message, you don’t have to take action immediately. The message stays on the screen until you click the OK button or turn off the Macintosh.

To help diagnose and correct the problem, gather as much information on the situation as you can before starting over.

m Make a note of exactly what you were doing when the problem occurred.

Write down the message on the screen and its ID number (if any). Also list the programs you were using and the names of any items you know have been added to the System Folder since the system software was installed. This information will help a service p erson diagnose the problem. (It is helpful to keep a printed copy of the items in your System Folder. For instructions on printing the contents of a folder, see the “Printing & Fonts” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide [h] menu.)

m Check the screen for any clues. Is a menu selected? What programs and

document icons are open? Note anything else that seems relevant.

m If you were typing text and were not able to save it before the problem

occurred, you can write down the parts of the text still visible on the screen so that some of your work will be easy to replace.

m Ask other Macintosh users about the problem you’re having; they may have

a solution for it.

If you need repair service, consult the service and support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to contact an Appleauthorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

Chapter 5

Start over

Often you can eliminate a problem simply by clearing the computer’s memory and starting over.

If you can, save any open documents before restarting the Macintosh. If your system is frozen and does not respond to anything you do, or if you have a “bomb” message on the screen, saving may not be possible. You can try pressing x-Option-Esc to quit the program in use when the problem occurred; if this works, you can then save the documents open i n other programs before restarting.

To restart your Macintosh, try the following steps:

1If you can, choose Restart from the Special menu or from the dialog box that’s on the

screen.

Dialog boxes contain messages from the computer. If something goes wrong, a message may appear on the screen, asking you to restart the computer.

2If you can’t choose Restart, hold down the

Power key (marked with a triangle).

and Control keys while you press the

This key combination restarts the computer. (Use this key combination only when you can’t choose Restart from the Special menu.)

3If nothing happens, press the reset switch on the front of your Macintosh and press it

(it’s marked with a triangle).

Pressing the reset switch is like turning the power switch off and then on again. You will lose any work you haven’t saved.

4If pressing the reset switch does nothing, turn off your computer with the power switch,

wait at least 10 seconds, and then turn it on again.

5If the power switch doesn’t turn off the computer, unplug your Macintosh.

If you suspect that the problem is with other equipment, such as a printer or an external hard disk that’s attached to your computer, turn that equipment off for 10 seconds or longer, then turn it on again and restart the Macintosh.

Troubleshooting

Rebuild your desktop regularly

A process known as “rebuilding the desktop” helps your Macintosh keep track of data on your startup disks. Although you usually use the hard disk in your computer as a startup disk, you can also start up from any other disk that has system software installed. It’s a good idea to rebuild the desktop of your startup disks once a month or so.

To rebuild the desktop of a startup disk, follow these steps:

1Hold down the Option and xkeys while you start up your computer.

Do not release the keys until you see a message asking whether you want to rebuild the desktop.

2Click OK.

Chapter 5

Solut ions to common problems

The computer is turned on but the screen is dark.

One of the following is probably the cause: m You have a screen saver program that darkens the screen when the

computer has not been used for a certain period. Press a key or move the mouse to turn off the screen saver.

m The monitor’s brightness control (¤) is not adjusted properly.

Check the monitor’s brightness control and turn it up if necessary.

m The Macintosh or the monitor is not getting power.

If you have a separate monitor, check that the monitor is plugged in and turned on, a nd that the monitor cable is firmly connected to both the computer and the monitor.

Check that the computer’s power cord is firmly connected to the computer and plugged into a grounded electrical outlet, and that the outlet has power.

If you have more than one monitor, and only one is dark, check that it is set up correctly in the Monitors control panel. For information on using more than one monitor, see the “Monitors” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

If you are displaying video from your computer on a television screen, it is normal for your computer monitor to be dark.

The computer’s clock keeps time inaccurately.

Your computer has a clock that runs continuously. When the computer is turned off, a battery keeps the clock running. If your clock begins to keep time inaccurately, have your Apple-authorized service provider replace the battery.

Troubleshooting

When you start up, a disk icon with a blinking question mark appears in the middle of the screen.

This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot find the system software it needs to start up. One of the following is probably the cause:

m Your computer may be having a problem recognizing external equipment

that uses the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI). Turn off all external SCSI equipment and disconnect the first SCSI device

in the chain from your computer’s SCSI port. Then restart the computer. If the computer starts up after you disconnect your SCSI equipment, refer to the manuals that came with the equipment for information on the proper way to connect SCSI equipment and assign SCSI ID numbers.

If you have a printer connected to your computer’s SCSI port, make sure your printer is not supposed to be connected to the printer port instead. Check the manuals that came with your printer for information on how to properly connect it.

m System software is not installed on the startup hard disk, the system

software is damaged, or the hard disk is not working properly.

Star t up your computer using the Disk Tools floppy disk or (if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive) with the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.) Th en follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter to test your startup hard disk and repair any damage.

If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall system software on your startup hard disk.

Chapter 5

When you try to start up from a floppy disk, a disk icon with an X appears in the middle of the screen and the floppy disk is ejected.

This icon indicates that the floppy disk you tried to start up from is not a startup disk.

Wait a few seconds. The computer should start up from its internal hard disk. Make sure you insert floppy disks only after the computer has begun starting up.

A “sad Macintosh” icon appears and the computer won’t start up.

This icon indicates that your Macintosh cannot start up because of a problem with the system software or the computer hardware.

Eject any floppy disks by turning off the computer and then holding down the mouse button while you turn the computer on again. Try starting up with the Disk Tools floppy disk or (if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive) with the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.) If the “sad Macintosh” icon appears again, consult the service and support information that came with your computer for information on contacting an Appleauthorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

The hard disk icon does not appear on the desktop.

If you don’t see a hard disk icon on the desktop, try the following: m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your computer, wait at least 10

seconds, and then turn it on again.

m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable

is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.

m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.

See the manuals that came with your SCSI equipment for information on setting SCSI ID numbers.

Troubleshooting

m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start your computer using the Disk

Too ls floppy disk or (if you have a built-in CD-ROM drive) with the

CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapte r.) Then follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter to test your startup hard disk and repair any damage.

If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall system software on your startup hard disk.

Icons do not appear correctly on your screen.

You need to rebuild the desktop—a process that helps your Macintosh keep track of files and folders on your hard disk. For instructions, see “Rebuild Your Desktop Regularly” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter.

If icons do not appear correctly after you rebuild the desktop, restart your computer while pressing the Shift key to temporarily turn off system extensions. When you see the “Welcome to Macintosh—extensions off ” message, release the Shift key and press the Option and x keys until you see a message asking if you want to rebuild the desktop.

Your Macintosh can’t read a floppy disk.

If you see a message that a floppy disk is unreadable, try one of the following: m If the disk has never been used, you may simply need to initialize it. For

instructions, see the “Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

m The disk may be damaged. See “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this

chapte r for information on testing and repairing disks.

If you are trying to use a DOS disk, consider the following: m The disk may have been formatted incorrectly on a DOS computer. On

DOS computers it’s possible to format a standard double-sided disk in a high-density (1440K) format, and vice versa. Disks formatted in this way cannot b e read by a Macintosh computer.

Chapter 5

When formatting disks on a DOS computer, always format standard double-sided disks in the 720K format. Always format high-density disks in the 14 40K format.

If a disk has been formatted incorrectly, use a DOS computer to copy its contents onto another disk that has been properly formatted.

The pointer (8) freezes on the screen.

Your system has a software problem. m Press x-Option-Esc to quit the application program in use when the

problem occurred. If this works, you can save the documents open in other programs before restarting.

m Restar t your Macintosh. (For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section

“When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter.) Most software problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem.

m Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem

occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.

m Sometim es incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause

system software problems. Restart while holding down the Shift key; this temporarily turns off all system extensions. If your computer works normally after you do this, remove all extensions from the Extensions folder (inside the System Folder) and put them back into the Extensions folder one at a time. Restart after you add each extension. This procedure should identify any incompatible extensions.

You can also use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off individual extensions. For information on using this control panel to manage system extensions, see the “Setting Options” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in th e Guide (h) menu.

m If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See

“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for instructions.

Troubleshooting

A dialog box with a bomb appears.

Your system has a software problem. m Write down what you were doing when the message appeared, and write

down the message’s text and its number, if there is one.

m Restar t your Macintosh. (See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run

Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.) Most software problems are temporary, and restarting usually corrects the problem.

m Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the

dialog box appeared. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system ext ensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Reinstalling the system software may correct the problem.

m Sometim es incompatible system extensions or control panels can cause

m If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See

“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for instructions.

The pointer (8) doesn’t move when you move the mouse.

One of the following situations is probably the cause: m Your system has a software problem.

Press x-Option-Esc to quit the application program i n use when the problem occurred. If this works, you can save the documents open in other programs before restarting.

Restart your Macintosh. See “Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter for instructions.

Chapter 5

Check the startup disk and program you were using when the problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system extensions you’re using are compatible with the system software. Try starting up the computer from the Disk Tools disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains system software. (For instructions on how to start up your computer from the CD-ROM disc, see “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” later in this chapter.) If your computer starts up nor mally, there may be an extension conflict.

If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for instructions.

m The mouse is not connected properly.

Turn th e computer off using the power switch, check that the mouse and keyboard cables are connected properly, and then restart the computer.

m Signals from the mouse are not reaching the computer, either because the

mouse needs cleaning or because there is something wrong with the mouse.

Clean the mouse according to the instructions in Appendix A of this book. If you have another mouse or pointing device, try connecting and using it.

(Turn off the computer before connecting it.) If the new device works, there is probably something wrong with the mouse you replaced.

If none of these procedures solves the problem, consult the service and support information that came with your computer for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for assistance.

Typing on the keyboard produces nothing on the screen.

One of the following is probably the cause: m Your system has a software problem.

Restart your Macintosh. For instructions, see “Start Over” in the section “When You Run Into Trouble” earlier in this chapter.

Check the startup disk and application program you were using when the problem occurred. Make sure that all programs, desk accessories, and system ext ensions you’re using are compatible with the system software.

Troubleshooting

If the problem recurs, you may need to reinstall system software. See “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter for instructions.

m You haven’t selected any text or set the insertion point (i).

Make sure the program you want to type in is the active program. Then place the pointer (8

) in the active window and click to set an insertion

point (i) or drag to select text (if you want to replace the text with your typing).

m The keyboard is not connected properly.

Turn off the computer using the power switch, then check that the keyboard cable is connected properly at both ends.

If you have a keyboard with an ADB port (marked with the ◊ icon) on each end, turn off the Macintosh using the power switch and plug the keyboard cable into the other ADB port on the keyboard. (You may have to unplug the mouse to do this.) Then restart the computer.

Many Maci ntosh computers have two ADB ports on the back panel. Also, some monitors have one or two ADB ports. Turn off the Macintosh using the power switch and connect your keyboard cable to a different ADB port on the computer or monitor. T hen restart the computer.

m The keyboard is damaged.

If you have access to another keyboard, try using it instead. (Turn the computer off before connecting it.) If the new keyboard works, there is probably something wrong with the one you replaced.

Chapter 5

You can’t start an application program or it quits unexpectedly. Or, when you try to open a program, you see a message that not enough memory is available.

One of the following is probably the cause: m The Macintosh ran out of memory.

Quit the programs that you have open and then open the program you want to use, or restart your Macintosh.

Use the Memory control panel to turn on virtual memory. (This is esp ecially im port ant if you have a Power Macintosh computer or Power Macintosh upgrade card and are using programs designed specifically for the Power Macintosh.) For more information on virtual memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

m The program needs more memory.

Use the program’s Info window to give it more memory. For more information on increasing a program’s memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

m The program requires special hardware, such as a floating-point unit

(FPU), and your computer doesn’t have the hardware installed. Check the documentation that came with the program to find out if the

program requires a Macintosh with special hardware, such as an FPU. Then check the Te ch n i ca l In f o r m a t i o n booklet that came with your Macintosh to find out if your computer is equipped with such special hardware, or if the hardware can be installed. Consult your Apple-authorized service provider for information on installing special hardware in your computer.

Troubleshooting

You see a message that an application program can’t be found.

The following dialog box appears if you try to open a document that was created with software that is not on your hard disk.

Normally, you see this message if you try to open a document that came from another Macintosh with software that is different from yours.

m Some do cuments can be op ened by more than one application program.

Try starting a program that you think might be able to open the document, then choose Open from the program’s File menu to try to open the document.

m Purchase and install the correct software to use the document, or find out

if the creator of the document can convert it to a form that one of your programs can use.

m Don’t try to open the files in your System Folder. Most of the files in your

System Folder are used by your computer for internal purposes and are not intended to be opened.

m Rebuild your desktop by holding down the Option and x keys while

starting up your computer. Keep holding down the keys until you see a message asking whether you want to rebuild the desktop. Click OK.

m If the document is from a DOS computer, use the PC Exchange control

panel to specify which Macintosh program will open the document. For information about working with DOS documents on your Macintosh, see the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 5

You experience problems using a document from a DOS computer.

If you can’t op en a DOS document using a Macintosh program, try the following:

m Open the document from within the program by choosing Open in the

program’s File menu.

m Use the PC Exchange control panel to change the document’s type to one

that can be opened by the program.

If a DOS document is displayed incorrectly, or you see strange codes or characters in the document, try one of the following:

m Your application program may have special procedures for opening and

saving documents with different file formats. See the information that

came with your program. m Try opening the document in another program. Note: Some characters that can be displayed on the Macintosh are not

accurately displayed on DOS computers. For more information about working with DOS documents on your

Macintosh, see the “Using DOS Files & Disks” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Troubleshooting

You see a message that your application program can’t be opened because a file can’t be found.

Power Macintosh programs use special files called shared libraries. Any necessary shared libraries should be installed automatically when you install Power Macintosh programs.

Follow the directions that came with your program to reinstall the program. If the shared library is still missing, contact the software program’s manufacturer for assistance.

You experience problems using an older Macintosh program.

Some older Macintosh programs are not completely compatible with Power Macintosh computers.

Open the Memory control panel and turn off Modern Memory Manager. For more detailed instructions, see the “Working with Programs” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 5

If your computer’s per formance decreases

If you notice a decrease in your computer’s speed and general performance after you add special software (a control panel, system extension, or custom utility), it may be because your special software does not work well with Power Macintosh computers.

m To find out if your special software is the problem, hold down the Shift key

while you restart the computer. This temporarily turns off certain kinds of

software. If the computer performs better without this software, the

software is likely to be the problem. m Use the Extensions Manager control panel to turn off a system extension or

set of extensions. For detailed instructions, see the “Setting Options” topic

of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h)menu. If the computer

performs better when an extension is turned off, contact the extension’s

manufacturer for information or an upgrade. m Drag special software items out of the System Folder or remove them

permanently. (The special softwar e may be in the Control Panels or

Extensions folder inside the System Folder.) If the computer performs

better when the software is removed, contact the software’s manufacturer

for information or an upgrade.

Hint: If you have more than one special software item, drag all the special

items out of the Control Panels and Extensions folders. Then return them

one at a time, restarting and checking your computer’s performance each

time until you identify the one that is causing problems. If you still do not notice an improvement, follow the instructions in

“Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this chapter to reinstall system software on your startup hard disk.

Troubleshooting

Solving printer probl ems

m LaserWriter Select 360, LaserWriter Pro 630, and LaserWriter Pro 810: These

printers require the latest printer software (called a dri v er) to print properly. If you use one of these printers, install the LaserWriter 8.1.1 printer driver, which is the latest LaserWriter driver, on your computer. You’ll find the LaserWriter 8.1.1 driver, and instructions on how to install and use it, in the Apple Extras folder on your computer’s hard disk.

m Perso na l L aserWriter LS, LaserWriter Select 300, and Personal LaserWriter

300: The system software installed on your computer includes a new

version (version 1.2) of the Personal LaserWriter 300 printer driver. This driver works with all three of these printers. Do not install your older Personal LaserWriter LS or LaserWriter Select 300 drivers; the older printer drivers are not compatible with Power Macintosh computers.

m StyleWriter and StyleWriter II printers: The system software installed on

your computer includes a new version (version 1.2) of the StyleWriter II printer driver. This driver works with both the StyleWriter II a nd the StyleWriter printers. Do not install your older StyleWriter driver; the older driver is not compatible with Power Macintosh computers.

If your printer is different from the ones just mentioned, its driver may not be included on the Power Macintosh hard disk. You should install the driver for your printer if you encounter printing problems. The following list shows where you can find the drivers not included on the Power Macintosh hard disk.

Printer Print driver used Version Where to get it

LaserWriter IISC Personal LaserWriter SC 7.0.1 System 7.0.1 Personal LaserWriter SC Personal LaserWriter SC 7.0.1 System 7.0.1 ImageWriter LQ LQ ImageWriter 7.0.1 System 7.0.1 AppleTalk ImageWriter LQ LQ AppleTalk ImageWriter 7.0.1 System 7.0.1 LaserWriter Select 310 LW Select 310 7.0 Printer’s disks Apple Color Printer Apple Color Printer 1.0 Printer’s disks Color StyleWriter Pro Color StyleWriter Pro 1.5 Printer’s disks Portable StyleWriter Portable StyleWriter 1.0 Printer’s disks

Chapter 5

Choosing the correct networking software

Use networking software no older than the following versions with your Power Macintosh computer.

Network software Version

AppleShare Server 4.0.2 Apple Internet Router 3.0.1 Inter•Poll 1.0.1 MacTerminal 3.0 Apple Remote Access 2.0 (client; personal server)

2.0.1 (MultiPort server)

Troubleshooting

If you have trouble using a monitor with an AV-equipped Power Macintosh

Read the information in this section if you are having trouble using monitors with an AV-equipped Power Macintosh.

The Monitors control panel indicates that you have two monitors, but you have only one.

If you have only one monitor and it is connected to the high-density monitor port, the Monitors control panel assumes that a monitor is connected to the second monitor port, even if a second monitor isn’t connected. In this situation, the Monitors control panel displays an image of a second, “ghost” monitor.

IMPORTANT

Do not attempt to move the menu bar to the “ghost” monitor. If

you do, follow these steps to restore normal video:

1Shut down your computer. If you cannot see the Special menu, use the power switch to

turn the computer off.

2Connect a monitor to the second monitor port. (For instructions, see “Connecting a

Monitor” in Chapter 1.)

If you have only one monitor, disconnect it from the high-density monitor port, and connect it to the second monitor port.

If your monitor is an AudioVision model, before you can connect it to the second monitor port you must attach the adapter cables from the AudioVision adapter kit. (If you don’t have the adapter kit and don’t have access to a second monitor, contact Apple for assistance.)

3 Restart your computer. 4Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( 5Make sure that the menu bar appears on the picture that represents your monitor. 6Close the Monitors control panel.

) menu and open the Monitors control panel.

If you don’t want to leave the monitor connected to the second monitor port, you can shut down your computer, disconnect the monitor, and reconnect it to the high-density monitor port before restarting your computer.

Chapter 5

Note: If you have only one monitor, there are several good reasons to leave it connected to the second monitor port instead of the high-density monitor port:

m You avoid setting up the “ghost monitor” situation just described. m The second monitor port provides more colors on all monitors 13 inches or

larger (measured diagonally), including the AudioVision 14 Display. m If you are using the S-video input port to connect equipment for capturing

video images, you’ll get a better video input frame rate with the monitor

connected to the second monitor port.

You see static or a blank screen after switching from a television to a monitor connected to the second monitor port.

m Be sure the monitor you want to switch to is connected to your computer.

Note: If a monitor isn’t connected to the second monitor port, the television

screen will go blank when you switch from the television to the monitor,

and you will have to restart your computer to make the desktop appear on

the television again. Don’t try to make the desktop appear by dragging the

menu bar to the television and selecting Rearrange On Close in the

Monitors control panel. (If you do, the menu bar will disappear, and you

will have to restart your computer.) m If you use a PAL-format television as your startup monitor, you must

restart your computer before switching to a monitor connected to the

second monitor port. Follow these steps each time you switch from a

PAL-for mat television to a monitor:

1 Quit all application programs (save any open documents before quitting). 2 Be sure both the television and the monitor are connected to your computer.

If the monitor is not connected, shut down your computer and then connect the monitor.

3Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu and open the Monitors control panel.

Troubleshooting

4Click the picture that represents the television, then click Options.

Click here to identify which picture represents the television.

Click the picture that represents the television, then click Options above.

5Make sure the box labeled “Upon Restart Display Video on Television” is not selected.

Make sure this box

is not selected.

6Close the Monitors control panel and restart your computer.

Chapter 5

You see wavy lines or static after switching to a television from a monitor connected to the second monitor port.

If the regular (RGB) monitor is still connected, switch back to it. If the monitor is no longer connected, or you can’t switch back to it, restart your computer. The next time you want to switch to a television, follow these steps:

1 Quit all application programs (save any open documents before quitting). 2 Be sure both the television and the monitor are connected to your computer.

If the television is not connected, shut down your computer and then connect the television.

3Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( 4Click the picture that represents the monitor, and click Options.

) menu and open the Monitors control panel.

Click here to identify which picture represents the television.

Click the picture that represents the television, then click Options above.

Troubleshooting

5Select “Display Video on Television”; then select NTSC Standard, PAL Standard, or “Use

flicker-free format,” and click OK.

For information about video standards, see the “Video” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in th e Guide (h) menu.

6Click Switch in the dialog box that appears; then close the Monitors control panel.

You can’t see the color wheel or other items.

This problem can occur if you use a single monitor and it is not attached to the second monitor port. (See Chapter 1 for an illustration of the two monitor ports.)

Chapter 5

The color wheel, and other color-choosing features, are set to be displayed on a screen that has the greatest color depth. On AV-equipped computers, the second monitor port may provide the greatest color depth. Even though you have no monitor attached to the second monitor port, your computer assumes that a monitor is attached there, and attempts to display the color wheel on that monitor instead of the real monitor.

Foll o w these steps:

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

The Monitors control panel displays two pictures representing monitors, even though

you have only one monitor. 2Click the picture that represents the “ghost” monitor; then click Black & White. 3Close the Monitors control panel.

) menu, and open the Monitors control panel.

Initializing a hard disk

Before you can use a new disk, the disk must be prepared so that the computer knows where to store information on the disk. This preparation is called initializing (or formatting) the disk.

When do you need to initialize a hard disk?

The hard disk inside your computer was initialized at the factory, so you shouldn’t need to initialize it. You n eed to initialize a hard disk only if

m you purchase a hard disk that has not been initialized at the factory m your hard disk is damaged

If a hard disk needs to be initialized, the disk’s icon does not appear on the desktop when you start up the computer using another disk.

WARNING

Initializing a disk erases any information that may be on it. Before you initialize a damaged disk, try to repair it as described in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” later in this chapter.

Starting up from a CD-ROM disc

To i ni tialize, test, or repair a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard disk, you need start up your computer from another disk. If your computer has a CD-ROM drive, you can start up your computer using the CD-ROM disc containing system software that came with the computer.

To st ar t up the computer using the CD-ROM disc, follow these steps:

1 Turn your computer on. 2Press the Open/Close button on your CD-ROM drive, and quickly insert the CD-ROM disc

containing system software into the drive.

3Immediately press the C key on your keyboard.

Continue to hold down the key until you see the “Welcome to Macintosh” message.

Troubleshooting

If a blinking question mark appears, or if the computer starts up from your hard disk: You did not insert the CD-ROM disc quickly enough for the computer

to recognize it as a startup disk. Follow these steps:

1Shut down your computer.

The CD-ROM disc will remain in the CD-ROM drive.

2Turn the computer on. 3Immediately press the C key on the keyboard.

Continue to hold down the key until you see the “Welcome to Macintosh” message.

Starting up from a floppy disk

To i ni tialize, test, or repair a hard disk, or to install system software on a hard disk, you need to start up your computer from another disk. If you don’t have a built-in CD-ROM drive, you can start up the computer using either the Disk Too ls or Install Disk 1 floppy disk that came with your computer.

To start up your computer using a floppy disk, follow these steps:

1Shut down your computer.

2 Insert the floppy disk into the disk drive.

If you want to initialize, test, or repair your hard disk, use the Disk Tools disk to start up your computer. If you want to install system software, use the Install Disk 1 disk.

3Turn on the computer.

Chapter 5

How to initialize a hard disk

You initialize an Apple SCSI hard disk by using a program called Apple HD SC Setup, which is on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your computer. If your computer came with a CD-ROM drive and you didn’t receive floppy disks, you can find Apple HD SC Setup on the CD-ROM disc that contains system software.

1 Start up your computer from the

system software.

Disk Tools

disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy Disk” earlier in this section.

2 Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.

You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Apple HD SC Setup.

3Click Drive until the disk you want to initialize appears.

You cannot initialize the disk that you used to start up your computer or the disk that contains the Apple HD SC Setup program.

SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk (The number of the internal hard disk is 0.)

4Click Initialize.

Name of the currently selected hard disk

Troubleshooting

5Click Init to initialize the hard disk.

Click here to initialize the disk.

6If a message appears asking you to name the disk, type a name and then click OK. 7Click Quit when you see a message reporting that initialization was successful.

If a message reports that initialization failed, try again. If initialization fails a second time, take the disk to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair.

Chapter 5

Troubleshooting

seconds, and then turn it on again.

is connected firmly; then restart the Macintosh.

the hard disk’s icon appears on your desktop, reinstall system software on

the ha rd disk (see “Installing or Reinstalling System Software” later in this

chapter).

Each device must have a unique ID number (the computer itself has the ID

number 7, and the internal hard disk has the number 0). Also check that the

chain of devices is terminated properly. For information on setting SCSI ID

numbers a nd terminating a SCSI chain, see the manuals that came with

your SCSI equipment.

Disks can become damaged by repeated use and handling.

When do you need to repair a disk?

If you see a message reporting that a disk is damaged or unreadable, you may

need to repair the disk.

Try these suggestions first

If you can’t start up from a hard disk or you don’t see the hard disk icon on the

desktop, try the following:

m If the hard disk is internal, shut down your Macintosh, wait at least 10

m If the hard disk is external, make sure that it is turned on and that its cable

m If the hard disk is your startup disk, start up with a different startup disk. If

m Check the ID numbers of all SCSI equipment connected to your computer.

m Test the disk following the instructions that come next.

Repairing a da mage d disk

disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains

How to test a hard disk

SCSI ID number of the currently selected hard disk

(The number of the internal hard disk is 0.)

Disk Tools

You can test an Apple SCSI hard disk with the Apple HD SC Setup program,

which i s on the floppy disk labeled Disk Tools that came with your computer.

If your computer has a built-in CD-ROM drive, and you didn’t receive floppy

disks, you can find the Apple HD SC Setup program on the CD-ROM disc

system software.

that contains system software.

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy

Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.

1 Start up your computer from the

You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Apple HD SC Setup.

2Open the Apple HD SC Setup icon.

3Click Drive until the disk you want appears.

Name of the currently selected hard disk

4Click Test.

5When a message tells you that testing is complete, click Quit.

Chapter 5

disk or the CD-ROM disc that contains

Disk Tools

Troubleshooting

If the test reveals a problem, you may be able to correct it by using Disk First

Aid or another disk repair program (see the instructions in the next section),

or you may need to reinitialize the disk (see “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier

in this chapter). Consult an Apple-authorized service provider for assistance if

necessary.

How to repair a hard disk or floppy disk

You can repair some types of disk damage by using the Disk First Aid

program, which is included either on the Disk Tools floppy disk or on the

system software.

CD-ROM disc containing system software that came with your computer.

1 Start up your computer from the

See “Starting Up From a CD-ROM Disc” or “Starting Up From a Floppy

Disk” in the section “Initializing a Hard Disk” earlier in this chapter.

You may need to look in a folder called Utilities to find Disk First Aid.

2 Open the Disk First Aid icon.

Disk icons appear in a box at the top of the Disk First Aid window.

You can’t repair the startup disk or the disk that contains the Disk First Aid

program, but you can test these disks by clicking Verify. If the program

reveals a problem with either of these disks, start up the computer from

another disk so that you can repair the damaged disk.

If you want to test and repair another disk, click its icon and then click

Repair.

3Click the icon of the disk you want to test.

4Click Repair to begin testing and repairing the disk.

5When testing and repair are finished, choose Quit from the File menu.

Chapter 5

Troubleshooting

If Disk First Aid c annot c orrect th e problem

problem.

let you recover information from a damaged disk.

m Try repairing the disk again. Sometimes repeating the process corrects the

m Use another disk repair or recovery program. Some disk repair programs

the disk. If initialization doesn’t work, discard the damaged disk (if it’s a

floppy disk), or take it to your Apple-authorized service provider for repair

(if it’s a hard disk).

m Consult a computer repair specialist for help.

m Once you have recovered all the information you can, erase (reinitialize)

Installin g or reins talling system software

System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the folder called the System Folder. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software. The startup disk is usually the hard disk that’s inside your computer, though another hard disk or a floppy disk can also be a startup disk.

The accessory kit that came with your Macintosh provides system software on either a set of floppy disks or a CD-ROM disc. You can use the floppy disks or the CD-ROM disc to install the system software on your Macintosh if you need to do so.

When sh o uld you install system software?

Your Macintosh came with all the necessary system software installed on its internal hard disk, so you don’t need to install system software on that disk unless you encounter software problems.

If you have a new hard disk or a newly initialized hard disk that doesn’t contain system software, or if you want to upgrade to a more recent version of system software on a hard disk, follow the instructions in “Installing System Software” later in this chapter.

When sh o uld you reinstall system software?

If you have a problem with your system software, you may see this icon in the middle of the screen:

If this icon appears, follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” earlier in this chapter to test your startup hard disk and repair any damage.

If repairing the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in the next section, “Installing System Software,” to reinstall system software on your startup hard disk.

Chapter 5

Apple Power Macintosh 8100 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual