Apple 200 User Manual

Download



PowerBook

User’s Guide

Includes setup and important health-related information for PowerBook 200 Series computers

K Apple Computer, Inc.

written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 (408) 996-1010

Apple, the Apple logo, LaserWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, PowerBook, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

Apple Desktop Bus, Balloon Help, Finder, and PowerBook Duo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated, registered in the United States. Adobe Photoshop is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

Exposure is a registered trademark of Preferred Publishers, Inc. QMS is a registered trademark of QMS, Inc. QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc. SuperPaint is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation. Tektronix is a registered trademark and Phaser is a trademark of Tektronix, Inc. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an

endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products.

Con tent s

Communications regulation information vi

1 Getting Started 1

Plugging in the computer 1 Opening the display 3 Turning on the computer 4

Problems turning on your computer? 5 What’s next? 7 Learning the basics 8 Reviewing the basics 10 Tur ning the computer off 11 Putting the computer to sleep 12

Automatic sleep 12 Restarting a computer that’s already on 13 Where to find answers 14

2 Getting Help 15

Getting answers to your questions 16

Getting answers with the Topics button 17

Getting answers with the Index button 19

Getting answers with the Look For button 21

Tips for using Macintosh Guide 23

iii

Identifying objects on the screen 24 Learning useful shortcuts 25

3 Connecting Additional Equipment 27

The PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II 28 The PowerBook Duo MiniDock 30 The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter 31 Connecting a printer 31 Connecting a modem 32 Connecting SCSI devices 34

Using your PowerBook as a SCSI disk 35 Connecting other devices 40 Adding memory to your computer 40

4 Installing and Using Application Programs 41

Installing application programs 41 Working with several programs at a time 42

Finding out which programs are open 42

Switching programs 42

Hiding and showing windows on the desktop 43 Backing up your files 43

5 Power Management 45

Power sources 45 Responding to low-power messages 45

What you should do 46

What you should know 46 Recharging the battery 47

Recharging in the computer 47

Recharging in a recharger 48

Recharging in both the computer and a recharger 50

Contents

Removing or replacing the battery 50 Disposing of dead batteries 52 Replacing the backup battery 52 Reconditioning the battery 53 Maximizing work time 55

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 57

Health-related information about computer use 57

Musculoskeletal discomfort 58 Eye fatigue 59 Arranging your work area and equipment 59 Avoiding fatigue 62

What about electromagnetic emissions? 62 Important care and safety instructions 63 Caring for batteries 65 Handling floppy disks 66 Traveling with the PowerBook 67 Storing the PowerBook 68 Service and support 68

Appendix B Using Your Keyboard 69

Index 71

Contents

Communicatio ns reg ulation information

FCC statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected.

Radio and television interference

The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.

If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops. m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio. m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio. m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.

(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful: Interference Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

IMPORTANT

could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple

peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,

Communications Regulation Information

DOC statement

DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.

Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des Communications.

VCCI statement

Communications Regulation Information

vii

Trackball

Speaker

Brightness controls

Internal modem port

(if a modem is installed)

Power On button

Power adapter port

[

Printer/External modem port

⁄

Follow the instructions in this

chapter to set up your computer

and learn the basics.

Getting Started

The illustration on the facing page provides an overview of your PowerBook computer. To set up your PowerBook for the fi rst time, you need the power adapter and the power cord that came with your computer.

When setting up your computer, place your computer on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded electrical outlet. Before following the setup instructions in this chapter, you may wa nt to read “Arranging Your Work Area and Equipment” in Appendix A for tips on adjusting your work furniture a nd computer so that you’re comfortable when using the computer.

Plugging in the computer

Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s batteries. You should plug in the power adapter in case the battery has drained d uring shipping or storage.

WARNING

Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

Use only the power adapter that came with your PowerBook.

When you are ready to begin:

1 Plug one end of the power cord into the power adapter and the other end into a three-

hole grounded outlet or power strip.

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your PowerBook is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding plug!

2 Plug the power adapter cable into the power adapter port (marked with the icon

the back panel of the computer.

) on

You can wind extra cable around the hooks that open out from the power adapter.

Power cord

Power adapter

Wrap cable around the hooks.

Depending on where you purchased your computer, you may also have received a wall mount plug. You can use this plug instead of the power cord to plug the power adapter directly into an electrical outlet.

Chapter 1

Opening the display

1 Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display.

2 Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle.

You can adjust the angle of the display at any time by tilting it towards or away from you.

Getting Started

Turning on the computer

To turn on the computer for the first time:

Press the Power On key above the keyboard.

You should hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a moment to start up.

When you see something like this on your screen, the computer is ready to use:

Power On key

Note: Your screen should look very similar to this picture but it might not look exactly the same.

Chapter 1

Problems turning on your computer?

The computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on the screen.

Adjust the brightness control buttons until an image appears and the screen is easy to read.

Brightness

Nothing happened when you pressed the Power On key.

Make sure the power adapter is firmly connected to both the computer and a power source. If the power adapter is plugged into a power strip, make sure the power strip is plugged in and turned on. Then try pressing the Power On key again.

If you still get no results, press the power button on the back of the computer.

Power button

If neither the Power On key nor the power button turns the computer on, see the PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide you received with your computer for help.

Getting Started

You see a picture of a disk with a blinking question mark on the screen.

This picture means that you need to install system software on the computer’s hard disk. System software includes the programs the computer uses to start itself up. You received a set of system software disks i n the accessory kit that came with your computer. For instructions on installing system software, see the PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide you received with your computer.

Chapter 1

What’s next?

You’ve now finished setting up your PowerBook. Continue with one of the following steps:

m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the

Basics.”

m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting

Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh.

m If you have additional equipment to connect to your computer, see

Chapter 3, “Connecting Additional Equipment,” for instructions. (If you are a new Macintosh user, you should complete “Learning the Basics” before connecting additional equipment.)

m If you have application programs that you want to install on your computer,

see Chapter 4, “Installi ng and Using Application Programs,” for instructions. (If you are a new Macintosh user, you should complete “Learning the Basics” before installing application programs.)

IMPORTANT

If you need to turn off your computer at any point, read the instructions in “Turning the Computer Off ” later in this chapter to learn the correct procedure for turning off your PowerBook.

Getting Started

Learning the basics

If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-touse program called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps:

1 Roll the trackball to move the arrow pointer (

) on the screen.

Place your index finger on the trackball and your thumb on the lower trackball button. Don’t press either button yet.

Roll the trackball, watching the arrow on the screen. Notice that the arrow moves in the same direction as you roll the trackball.

You may need to roll the trackball around for a few seconds to “break in” the mechanism so it works smoothly.

Chapter 1

2 Roll the trackball so that the tip of the arrow (

right portion of the screen.

3 With the tip of the arrow (8) on the question mark, press and hold down the trackball

button.

) points to the question mark in the upper-

A list of choices (called a menu) appears. This is the Guide menu, which is the place to go when you have a question about how to use your computer.

4 While holding down the trackball button, move the arrow (

Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the trackball button.

) until the words “Macintosh

A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set aside this book for now and follow the instr uctions you see on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book.

Getting Started

Reviewing the basics

The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial.

The strip across the

top of the screen is

called the menu bar.

The symbols and

words in it represent

menus of commands.

Icons are small pictures

that represent disks,

folders, programs, and

documents. To open

an icon, click the

icon twice quickly.

Windows are boxes

that display text,

graphics, or icons. To

bring a partially

covered window to the

front, click anywhere

in the window.

You can have several application programs open at once. To see which

To find an answer to

To move a window,

drag it by the title bar.

To close a window,

click the close box.

The Control Strip gives you a quick and easy way to monitor and update your PowerBook’s power management options. For instructions on using the Control Strip, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (

a question, look in the

Guide (

To bring hidden portions of a window’s contents into view, click the scroll arrows.

) menu.

)menu.

program is active or to switch from one program to another, use this menu (called the Application menu).

This icon represents your computer’s internal hard disk.

To change the size or shape of a window, drag the size box.

To throw away an item you no longer want, drag it to the Trash and choose Empty Trash from the Special menu.

Chapter 1

Turning the computer off

To turn the computer off, you choose Shut Down from the Special menu. Detailed instructions follow.

1 If the computer is in sleep, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it.

For information on the sleep feature of your PowerBook, see “Putting the Computer to Sleep” on the next page.

2 Move the tip of the arrow to the word “Special” at the top center of the screen.

If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Click anywhere on the desktop.

3 With the tip of the arrow on the word Special, press and hold down the trackball button. 4 While holding down the trackball button, move the arrow until the words “Shut Down”

are highlighted, then release the button.

Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from choosing Shut Down—for example, if the computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackball—you can turn off the computer by pressing the power button on the back of the computer. You will lose any unsaved work. Use this method only if you cannot choose Shut Down or Restart from the Special menu.

Getting Started

Putting the computer to sleep

Sleep is a power conservation feature of PowerBook computers, reducing the amount of power the computer draws when it’s not bei ng used. When the PowerBook is in sleep, it has a darkened screen and appears to be off. If you have a PowerBook Duo 280c, a green light flashes on the top of the display case when your computer is in sleep.

To put the computer to sleep:

Choose the Sleep command from the Special menu. (The computer must be on in order for you to put it to sleep.)

For information on other ways of putting the computer to sleep, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about using Macintosh Guide in Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Automatic sl eep

If you don’t use the computer for several minutes, it goes to sleep automatically. This conserves battery power.

To wake the computer, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock). The screen will reappear as it was before the computer went to sleep.

You can control the automatic sleep feature. For more information on sleep and automatic sleep, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about using Macintosh Guide in Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Chapter 1

Restarting a computer that’s already on

You need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on again—when you want to make certa in ch anges to settings, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer using a different disk.

You also need to restart if you see a “system error” message on the screen (indicating a temporary software problem). In this case, use the trackball to click the Restart button that appears.

To restart your computer:

Choose Restart from the Special menu.

If the Special menu does not appear in the menu bar, you’re working in the wrong program. Click anywhere on the desktop.

When you choose Restart, the computer prompts you to save your work, closes all open programs, and restarts itself.

Choosing Restart does not affect your RAM disk (if you created one) or its contents.

Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from choosing Restart—for example, if the computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackball—you can restart the computer by holding down the Control, Command (x), a nd Power On (P) keys at the same time. This turns the power off and on again, and you will lose any unsaved work. Use this method only if you cannot choose Restart or Shut Down from the Special menu.

Getting Started

Where to find answers

When you have questions about using your PowerBook, there are several places you can look for answers:

In this book

PowerBook

User’s Guide

PowerBook

Troubleshooting

Guide

Use this book to set up and learn about your computer.

In the Guide menu

The Guide menu (marked with thehsymbol) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, refer to Chapter 2 of this book.

In the

PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide

The

PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide

provides useful tips and suggestions if you have problems while using your computer.

is a portable manual that

In other manuals

For answers to questions about other equipment or application programs you have purchased, see the manuals that came with them.

From Apple’s customer support hotline

If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the customer support hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support information that came with your computer.)

Chapter 1

Use the instructions in this

chapter to learn about the help

available to you in the Guide menu.

Getting Help

The Guide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.

Getting answers to your questions

When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu.

1 Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose

Finder to make it the active application program.

A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program.

2 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.

The Macintosh Guide window appears.

Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its title bar (the gray bar across the top of the window).

Chapter 2

3 Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.

Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:

Topics

lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of

contents in a book.

Index

lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it

is like the index in a book.

Look For

lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase

that you type. In the following sections you will practice using each method. If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using

Macintosh Guide” later i n this chapter.

Getting answers with the Topics button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.

A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide window. (Depending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics may look different.)

Getting Help

2 Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics.

When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

3 Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click

the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

4 Read and follow the instructions in this window.

5 When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

Chapter 2

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Getting answers with the Index button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.

An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window.

Slider

Scroll bar

2 Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible.

You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.

3 Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.

When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4 Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6 When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Chapter 2

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.

To activate the text

box, click here.

Type a word or phrase

in the text box…

…and then click here.

2 Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3 Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.

Getting answers with the Look For button

A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text.

When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4 Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or double-

If you want to close

Macintosh Guide,

click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6 When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to

click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to display the next step.

close Macintosh Guide.

Chapter 2

Tips for using Macintosh Guide

Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:

m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the

desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.

m Follow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read

ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a step correctly.

m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of

other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag it by the title bar at the top of the window.

You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom box. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time to expand the window to its original size.

m If you need more information about an instruction or a term, click the

button labeled “Huh?” to get further explanation. (The “Huh?” button is dimmed when no additional information is available.)

m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the

Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.

m When you’re finished using Macintosh Guide, click the close box in

the upper-left corner of the window.

Close box

Topics button

“Huh?” button

Title bar

Zoom box

Right arrow

Getting Help

Identifying objects on the screen

Sometimes you’ll see a n unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help.

Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see in comic strips.

Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:

1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

2 Point to any object on the screen that you want to identify.

icon) and choose Show Balloons.

A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the Trash to throw items away.

Although balloons appear next to items when you point to them, the way you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and so on.

3 When you’re finished using Balloon Help, choose Hide Balloons from the Guide menu.

Chapter 2

Learning useful s hortcuts

You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.

Follow these steps to learn keyboard a nd mouse shortcuts:

1 Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Shortcuts.

The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.

Getting Help

2 Click one of the category buttons.

If you want to

close the window,

click here.

Click here to return to

the main Macintosh

Shortcuts window for

more categories.

3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.

4 When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in

Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category.

Click here to see the next window (if there is one).

Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one).

the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.

Chapter 2

Read this chapter for information on

expanding your computer system

with additional hardware.

Connecting Additional Equipment

The illustration below shows where equipment can be connected to your computer. Refer to the manuals that came with your equipment for instructions on connecting it.

[⁄W

Printer/External modem port

Internal modem port

(if a modem is installed)

Power adapter port

Power On button

Docking connection

In addition to connecting certain equipment directly to your PowerBook, you can also expand your system with the following accessories:

m the PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II m the PowerBook Duo MiniDock m the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter

A brief overview of these accessories is in this chapter. For more information, see the documentation that comes with them. You can purchase any of these products from an Apple-authorized dealer.

The PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II

The PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II are the most versatile expansion options for PowerBook 200 Series computers. A dock is itself not a computer—you need a PowerBook 200 Series computer to use it. When a PowerBook is “docked,” you have the video, storage, and input/output capabilities available on most desktop Macintosh computers.

The drawing below shows where you can connect a variety of devices to a Duo Dock II.

Chapter 3

Internal modem port

Floppy disk drive

Sound output port

≈

Sound input port

Security slot

[

Printer port

Monitor power

socket

≤

External modem port

™

SCSI port

Power socket

Monitor port

Power button

ADB port

NuBus slots

Ethernet port

The Duo Dock and Duo Dock II come with many built-in features; several optional features are also available. Th ese features include:

m an inter nal 1.4 MB floppy disk drive m an optional internal SCSI hard disk drive (any available capacity that meets

Apple’s sp ecifications; up to 1 inch high) m standard ports including SCSI (with an HDI-30 connector), monitor,

printer, modem, Apple Desktop Bus (ADB), sound input, and sound

output. On the Duo Dock II or upgraded Duo Dock, an EtherTal k port is

also provided.

m a separate mouse and keyboard m slots for two NuBus cards for Ethernet, Token Ring, additional video, or

other capabilities. (Note that if you use two NuBus cards in your Duo Dock

or Duo Dock II, the bottom of your PowerBook may feel warm when you

eject it from the dock. This is normal and will not harm your PowerBook.)

m built-in video support for a wide variety of monitors m 1 MB VRAM for 16-bit color on color monitors 16" or less, 8-bit grayscale

on the Apple 15" portrait monitor and the Macintosh Two-Page Display,

and 8-bit color on color monitors 17" or greater. (The Duo Dock requires a

512K VRAM SIMM expansion card for 16-bit color.)

m an automatic insert/eject feature to ensure reliable docking m a key-operated lock to prevent theft of the docked PowerBook m a slot door that protects the interior of your Duo Dock II when your

PowerBook is not docked

Connecting Additional Equipment

The PowerBook Duo MiniDock

The PowerBook Duo MiniDock allows you to connect a wide variety of devices to the PowerBook. Like the Duo Dock, the minidock with peripheral devices connected to it is not a computer—you need a PowerBook 200 Series computer to make the system work.

Internal modem port

≈

Sound input port

Sound output port

SCSI port

Security slot

[

Printer port

™

Monitor port

External modem port

ADB port

Floppy disk drive

Power adapter port

Power button

The minidock attaches to the back of the PowerBook and allows you to use the following types of equipment with your computer:

m a variety of Apple monitors m up to three Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) input devices (such as a keyboard

or mouse)

m an external 1.4 MB floppy disk drive

m up to six SCSI devices, including hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and

scanners

m a printer m an external modem m LocalTalk cables m external microphone, headphones, or speakers

Chapter 3

The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter

The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter allows you to connect an external 1.4 MB floppy disk drive (HDI-20) and up to three Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) devices—such as a keyboard or mouse—to your computer.

Connecting a printer

The printer/modem port (´) on your PowerBook can accept either a direct connection (to a printer such as a StyleWriter) or a network connection (to a printer such as a LaserWriter). If you are connecting a printer to the port, make sure that the modem selection in the Express Modem control panel is set to Use External Modem. See the next section, “Connecting a Modem,” for details.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting a modem

Apple offers optional, low-power, internal fax/data modems for your PowerBook. See the modem manual for information about your modem.

You can also connect an external modem to any of the following:

m the printer/modem port on the PowerBook m the modem port on a Duo MiniDock m the modem port on a Duo Dock

To connect an external modem, follow these steps.

1 Make sure the computer is in sleep or shut down. 2 Connect the modem to a power source and to the phone line.

See the documentation that came with the modem.

3 Make sure the modem is turned off. 4 Connect the modem cable to the printer/modem port (PowerBook) or the modem port

(Duo Dock or Duo MiniDock).

Printer/modem port icon

Modem port icon

5 Turn on the modem. 6 Wake or restart the computer.

If your computer does not have an internal modem, the external modem is ready to use.

If your computer does have an internal modem, continue with step 7.

Chapter 3

7 Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

control panel.

8 Choose Express Modem Settings from the pop-up menu.

9 Click Use External Modem to activate the external modem.

) menu and open the Express Modem

Leave Use External Modem selected even when you use your inter nal modem.

10 Close the control panel.

The external modem is ready to use. If you don’t have the Express Modem control panel: The Express Modem

control panel is part of version 1.5 of the Express Modem software. If you have an earlier version of Express Modem software, or if you have another kind of internal modem, you can activate an external modem by opening the PowerBook Setup control panel and clicking the Normal button.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting SCSI devices

A SCSI device is any product—including hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners, and printers—that connects with your computer by means of a standard electronic interface called Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).

You can attach up to 6 SCSI devices to your computer by linking them together in a chain that starts at your dock’s SCSI port. There is a SCSI port on the PowerBook Duo Dock and the PowerBook Duo MiniDock. (There is no SCSI port on PowerBook 200 Series computers.)

To connect a SCSI device to your PowerBook, you need an Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable or equivalent. This cable is light gray (the same color as desktop Macintosh computers), is about 19 inches long, a nd has 29 pins (one “missing pin”).

Refer to the manuals that came with your SCSI devices for instructions on installing any necessary software, setting SCSI ID numbers, and connecting SCSI cables and SCSI terminators. Refer to the illustrations below for the proper positioning of SCSI terminators.

WARNING

When connecting SCSI equipment, always turn off power to all devices in the chain, including your computer. If you don’t, you could lose information and damage your equipment.

Where to add cable terminators when connecting a single SCSI device:

Terminator

HDI-30 SCSI system cable

(If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

Chapter 3

Where to add cable terminators when connecting two or more SCSI devices:

HDI-30 SCSI system cable

SCSI peripheral interface cables

Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

Using your PowerBook as a SCSI disk

If you have a PowerBook Duo MiniDock, you can purchase a cable called the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter, which lets you connect your PowerBook to another computer as a hard disk. The PowerBook appears on the desktop of the other computer as a hard disk icon, and you can transfer information between the computers by dragging files. This feature is called SCSI disk mode.

The Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter is dark gray (the same color as your PowerBook computer), is about 10 inches long, a nd has 30 pins.

The PowerBook Duo Dock and Duo Dock II do not support SCSI disk mode.

WARNING

devices carefully to avoid loss of information and damage to your equipment.

Follow the steps for connecting and disconnecting SCSI

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting your computer as a SCSI disk

Before making any connections, you need to assign a unique SCSI ID number to the PowerBook. (The unique ID numb er allows the computer to communicate with several connected devices.)

1 Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( 2 Open the PowerBook Setup control panel.

3 In the SCSI Disk Mode section of the control panel, click the ID number you want

to assign.

) menu of your PowerBook computer.

If you are connecting the PowerBook to an existing SCSI chain, make sure to give it an ID number different from those of the other devices. (Many devices include an ID number indicator on the back panel.)

4 Close the PowerBook Setup control panel. 5 Turn off the PowerBook by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu. 6 Shut down the computer you are connecting to, and turn off any other devices in the

SCSI chain.

7 Connect the small connector on the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable to the SCSI

port on your PowerBook Duo MiniDock.

8 If you are connecting the PowerBook directly to the other computer (rather than to an

external device in the SCSI chain), attach a SCSI system cable to the other computer.

9 Connect the large connector on the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable to a SCSI

cable attached to the SCSI port on the last device in the SCSI chain, or to the SCSI system cable on the other computer.

Chapter 3

Remove the ter minator from the last device before connecting the PowerBook. (If the last device has an internal terminator, disconnect the device and connect the PowerBook to the end of the SCSI chain. An Appleauthorized service provider can remove the terminator.)

WARNING

Always shut down the PowerBook before connecting or disconnecting the SCSI disk adapter cable. Connecting the adapter cable while the computer is tur n ed on can damage the computer.

10 Turn on the PowerBook by pressing the power button.

After a few seconds a SCSI icon appears on the screen, showing the ID number you assigned in step 3.

WARNING

If you do not see the SCSI icon, and the computer starts normally or displays an error message, choose Shut Down (if you can) and then immediately disconnect your computer from the SCSI chain. (If you can’t choose Shut Down, try pressing the power button. If you cannot shut down your PowerBook, you should disconnect the cable anyway, or you may lose information.) Then go back and repeat steps 6 through 10, making sure to use the proper cables.

11 Turn on the other SCSI devices in the chain, if any. 12 Turn on the other computer.

The PowerBook appears as a hard disk icon on the desktop of the computer you connected it to. You can now transfer and use files as if the PowerBook were an external disk drive.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Simplifying the connection process

If you regularly plan to use your PowerBook as a SCSI disk with the same computer, you can leave the SCSI disk adapter cable attached to the other computer or its SCSI chain. When you wa nt to use your PowerBook as a SCSI disk, simply shut down all devices and connect the adapter cable to the SCSI port on your PowerBook Duo MiniDock.

These cables can stay attached to your other computer or its SCSI chain.

HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter

WARNING

Always disconnect your PowerBook from the adapter cable

Connect and disconnect your computer here.

when you are not using it as a SCSI disk. Your PowerBook will not work correctly if the adapter cable remains attached.

Drawing battery power in SCSI disk mode

Your PowerBook continues to draw battery power when you use it as a SCSI disk. Low battery power is indicated by a blinking low-power warni ng on the PowerBook’s screen.

If you see this warning while using your computer as a SCSI disk, either plug in the power adapter or quit SCSI disk mode, as described in the next section, so you can remove the battery for recharging.

Chapter 3

Quitting SCSI disk mode

1 Shut down the computer your PowerBook is connected to. 2 Turn the PowerBook off by holding down the Command (

key at the same time. 3 Turn off any other SCSI devices in the chain. 4 Disconnect the PowerBook from the adapter cable.

) key and the Power On (

)

If you regularly plan to connect your PowerBook to the same computer, you

can leave the adapter cable attached to the SCSI chain or the other computer.

IMPORTANT

Do not leave the adapter cable attached to the PowerBook. If you do, the computer will behave as though it is still in SCSI disk mode when you try to restart.

5 If necessary, disconnect the adapter cable from the other computer or its SCSI chain.

Your equipment is now ready for normal use. Make sure that the SCSI chain is properly terminated.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting other devices

For instructions on connecting a device not discussed in this chapter—for example, an external input device or networking hardware—refer to the manuals that came with the device.

Adding memory to your computer

Your PowerBook computer comes with at least 4 MB of RAM. By adding memory upgrade cards, you can increase your computer’s memory. You can find out how much memory your computer has by choosing About This Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu in the Finder.

You can purchase memory upgrades from Apple-authorized dealers.

WARNING

To avoid damage to your PowerBook, Apple recommends that only an Apple-certified technician install additional RAM. Consult the service and support i nformation that came with your computer for instructions on how to contact an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple for service. If you attempt to install additional RAM yourself, any damage you may cause to your equipment will not be covered by the limited warranty on your computer. See an Apple-authorized dealer or service provider for additional information about this or any other warranty question.

Your PowerBook computer also supports virtual memory, a feature that makes use of hard disk space to provide additional RAM. (When the power adapter is not plugged in, using virtual memory will reduce your battery life, however.) For information on using vir tual memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 3

Read this chapter for information on

installing and using application

programs on your computer.

Installing and Using Application Programs

Installing application programs

Your computer comes with several application programs already on the hard disk. You’ll find these programs in either the Applications folder or the Apple Extras folder on your hard disk.

A program called Software Highlights gives you easy access to the programs in the Applications folder. To launch these programs and get tips on using them, double-click the Software Highlights icon.

You’ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. Refer to the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them.

In most cases, you install application programs onto your internal hard drive from floppy disks that you receive as part of an application program package. You need to connect an external floppy drive or dock your PowerBook in a Duo Dock before you can install software from a floppy disk. The following illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive.

Insert metal end first, label side up.

Working with several programs at a time

You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows.

All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. The name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.

The Finder icon Commands to hide or

display open windows

A checkmark indicates

the active program

Open programs

Finding out which programs are open

If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which program is active and which other programs are open by pulling down the Application menu.

Switching programs

You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its name from the Application menu.

If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its windows.

You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs to an open program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a document that was created with the program).

Chapter 4

Hiding and showing windows on the desktop

You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu.

The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again.

If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.

Backing up your files

Making backup copies of importa nt files is good protection against possible damage to the originals.

m You can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them onto

floppy disks.

m You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk,

or to a hard disk.

m You can use a commercial backup program to copy new and changed files

from a hard disk to another hard disk, to a tape drive, or to a series of floppy disks.

m If your computer is on a network, you can back up files by copying them to

a shared disk on the network.

m You can back up files by copying them from one computer to the other

using SCSI disk mode. (See “Using Your PowerBook as a SCSI Disk” i n Chapter 3 for more information on SCSI disk mode.)

Installing and Using Application Programs

Read this chapter for information

about your PowerBook’s battery.

Power Management

Power sources

Your computer can draw its operating power from two different sources.

Main battery

(NiMH) battery. Th e battery provides power for about 2–7 hours of work time (depending on the PowerBook model and type of battery you have and the battery conservation features you choose).

AC power

plugging in the power adapter.

Your computer also has a backup battery that maintains the contents of RAM while you replace the main battery. The backup battery does not provide enough power to run the computer.

These power sources are described in more detail in the following sections.

Your computer’s main power source is a nickel-metal-hydride

You can run your computer from a grounded electrical outlet by

Responding to low-power messages

When the batteries run low, the computer displays a series of low-power messages. The work time remaini ng after you see the first message varies depending on how you are using the computer. It’s a good idea to act promptly.

What you should do

When you see a low-power message, you should do one of the following:

Plug in the power adapter,

Save your work and put the computer to sleep.

What you should know

The first low-power message is a reminder that the battery will soon run out. When this message appears, the screen brightness dims automatically to save power.

If you continue to work without plugging in the power adapter or changing the batteries, the computer displays a second low-power message.

The second message is followed by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. Within a few seconds, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM. All activities are interrupted. It’s a good idea to save your work when you see the first two low-power messages to make sure you don’t lose information.

If you continue working until the computer goes to sleep automatically, you can wake it again as soon as you plug in the power adapter or replace the battery with a fully charged battery.

Chapter 5

If you can’t plug in the power adapter, the contents of RAM are retained in sleep for about a day. If you recharge or change the battery within a day, you should be able to wake the computer and resume work where you left off.

IMPORTANT

Recharge a depleted battery as soon as possible. Leaving a depleted battery in the computer for more than several months, or in a hot location (such as the trun k of a car) for longer than two weeks, may damage the battery so that it can’t be recharged. If this happens, you need to replace the battery.

Recharging the battery

There are two ways to recharge a battery: m Plug in the power adapter to recharge the battery without removing it from

the computer.

m Remove the battery and recharge it in the (optional) recharger. Recharge a battery shortly before you plan to use it. The battery does not

retain its charge in long-term storage.

Recharging in the c omputer

Plug in the power adapter as shown.

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

You can continue to use the computer while the battery is recharging. Using the computer does not affect the amount of time it takes the battery to recharge.

If you are recharging a fully depleted battery, it usually takes a little over 2 hours to bring the battery charge to 100 percent, but the time may vary depending on the model of PowerBook you have and the battery you are recharging.

Power Management

Recharging in a rech arger

You can purchase a battery recharger and additional batteries from your Apple-authorized dealer. If you have a recharger and an extra battery, you can charge one battery while you use another, so you always have a fully charged battery on hand.

The recharger can accommodate two batteries. It charges one battery at a time. You can put batteries in or take them out at different times.

The recharger must be plugged into an electrical outlet to charge a battery. You can plug it in using the power adapter that came with your computer, or you can purchase an additional (identical) power adapter from your Appleauthorized dealer.

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your computer with the recharger. Using other types of power adapters may damage the recharger, the power adapter, or both.

To recharge a battery, follow these steps:

1 Place the recharger on a level surface. 2 Connect the recharger and the power adapter as shown in the illustration.

Chapter 5

3 Place the battery in the recharger as shown.

Recharging begins immediately. You can remove a battery from the recharger at any time. Remember, if you are charging two batteries, they charge one at a time. It takes about two hours to charge each battery.

IMPORTANT

To preserve a battery’s charge, don’t leave it in the recharger if the

power adapter is not plugged into an electrical outlet. The lights on the recharger indicate the following:

No light

Either the recharger is not plugged in, the other battery is being charged (if you have two batteries in the recharger), or the battery is defective. (If the light goes off during recharging, there is a problem with the battery.)

Yellow

Green

Red

The battery is charging.

The battery is fully charged.

The recharger does not recognize the type of battery you inserted. If you are charging a replacement battery, follow the instructions that came with it.

Power Management

Recharging in both the computer and a recharger

You can use a single power adapter to run the PowerBook and the battery recharger at the same time.

If the PowerBook is on and contains a battery that is not fully charged, the computer charges the internal battery first. The external battery does not begin charging until the inter nal battery is fully charged. It takes a little over 2 hours for a fully depleted battery to charge.

If the PowerBook is in sleep or is shut down, internal and external batteries

charge simultaneously. If both batteries are fully depleted, it takes about 4 hours to charge both. If the internal battery is fully charged or absent, the external battery takes a little over 2 hours to charge.

⁄2

Removing or replacing the battery

m If the power adapter is plugged in, you can use the computer indefinitely

without a battery.

m If the power adapter is not plugged in, the backup batteries in your computer

protect open programs and documents for about 4 minutes, allowing you to remove the depleted battery and replace it with a charged one. (The backup batteries maintain other kinds of information, including control panel settings such as the clock time, for up to two weeks after the main battery is discharged or removed.)

To remove or replace the main battery, follow these steps:

Chapter 5

1 Save your work, and then choose Sleep from the Special menu.

You can choose Shut Down instead of Sleep if you feel more comfortable working without the 4-minute time limit.

2 Close the display. 3 Open the battery door by pressing the small button and sliding the door in the direction

indicated by the arrow.

The door is physically attached to the battery.

4 Carefully pull the battery out of its compartment. 5 If you are inserting another battery, slide it into the battery compartment.

Replacement batteries come with a door attached.

6 Close the battery door by pushing it back into place.

IMPORTANT

Check to make sure the battery is properly inserted. The battery should be aligned with the computer and the battery door completely closed. The top and bottom seams where the battery and the PowerBook meet should be tight and even. If a battery is not inserted correctly, you may have performance problems.

7 If possible, plug in the power adapter in case the battery is not fully charged.

WARNING

Damaged nickel-metal-hydride batteries may leak small amounts of sodium hydroxide. This substance can cause severe burns to the skin and eyes. If you touch a damaged battery, immediately rinse your hands and any other affected areas with water for at least five minutes. Do not use soap.

Power Management

Disposing of dead batteries

IMPORTANT

Nickel-metal-hydride batteries contain metals that can be reclaimed and reused. Instead of throwing away dead batteries, please dispose of them as described here.

In the United States: Return dead batteries to your Apple-authorized service provider, who will make sure they are included in Apple’s battery recycling program.

Elsewhere: Many countries have government- or Apple-sponsored collection and/or recycling programs for dead batteries. Dispose of dead batteries in accordance with the mandatory or voluntary battery collection schemes in your country. Contact your Apple-authorized service provider for information about the recommended battery disposal procedures in your location. If there is no government- or Apple-sponsored retur n program, you can dispose of the batteries with your regular trash, taking care not to break them open or incinerate them.

Replacing the backup battery

In addition to its main battery, your computer has a small backup battery that maintains the contents of RAM while you replace the main battery.

The backup battery usually lasts for several years. You may need to have it replaced if you notice that some of your system settings changed after you removed or replaced the main battery. (You may notice, for example, that the clock time is different.) By replacing the backup battery you can preserve the contents of RAM the next time you change the main battery.

Your computer’s backup battery must be replaced by an Apple-authorized service provider.

Chapter 5

Reconditioning the battery

To maximize battery life, you should recondition the battery once every 30 days, using the Battery Reconditioning program, which is on the system software disk labeled Disk Tools. You may want to keep a copy of the Battery Reconditioning program on your hard disk so it is more convenient to use every 30 days.

IMPORTANT

It takes 2 hours to run the Battery Reconditioning program and another 2 hours to fully charge your battery in your PowerBook. During the time you are reconditioning your battery (and recharging it, if you don’t have a recharger), you cannot use your PowerBook. Plan to recondition your battery when you won’t need your PowerBook for at least 4 hours.

To recondition a battery, follow these steps:

1 Make sure your PowerBook is connected to a power source.

If you have already copied the Battery Reconditioning program to your hard disk, skip step 2 and do step 3 next.

2 Insert 3 Locate the Battery Reconditioning icon and open it.

Disk Tools

in the floppy disk drive and turn on your PowerBook.

A message appears on the screen describing battery reconditioning. If you don’t have your PowerBook plugged in, a message appears telling you to plug it in.

Power Management

4 Read the message on the screen and click OK.

The following appears:

The type of battery

in your computer

appears here.

5 Click Recondition if it has been more than 30 days since the last time you reconditioned

The date you last reconditioned your battery appears here. A warning appears below the date if it has been less than 30 days since the last time you reconditioned the battery.

the battery.

If 30 days have not passed since the last time you reconditioned, the following appears on the screen:

Click Quit to exit the Battery Reconditioning program. If 30 days have passed since you last reconditioned, this message appears:

Remember that it takes 2 hours to recondition the battery and 2 hours to fully charge the battery. Make sure you do not need to use your PowerBook for 4 hours.

Chapter 5

6 Click OK.

While the reconditioning cycle is taking place, the following icon appears on the screen:

You can quit the Battery Reconditioning program at any time by pressing the period key and the x (Command) key at the same time. Also, if you unplug your PowerBook duri ng reconditioning, the reconditioning program will quit. Your battery is not reconditioned if you quit in the middle of the reconditioning cycle.

When the reconditioning is complete, the following appears on the screen for one minute:

7 Click OK.

The battery is reconditioned. Allow time to recharge the battery by leaving the PowerBook plugged in for 2 hours. Follow these steps again in 30 days to maximize the life of the battery.

Maximizing work time

Your PowerBook’s battery can provide 2 to 7 hours of work time before you need to recharge. The actual work time available depends on what equipment you’re using with your computer and what steps you take to conserve power while you work.

For battery conservation tips, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Power Management

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Health-related information about computer use

Muscle soreness, eye fatigue, and other discomforts and injuries sometimes associated with using computers can occur from performi ng any number of activities. In fact, misuse of the same muscles during multiple activities can create a problem that might not otherwise exist. For example, if you engage in nonwork activities that involve repetitive stress on the wrist—such as bicycling—and also use your computer’s keyboard improperly, you may increase your likelihood of developing wrist problems. Some individuals are at greater risk of developing these problems because of their health, physiology, lifestyle, and general exposure to stress. Work organization and conditions, such as workstation setup and lighting, also play a part i n your overall health and comfort. Preventing health problems is a multifaceted task that requires careful attention to the way you use your body every hour of every day.

Refer to this appendix for important

health-related information

and safety tips.

The most common health effects associated with using a computer are musculoskeletal discomfort and eye fatigue. We’ll discuss each area of concern below.

Musculoskelet al discomfort

As with any activity that i nvolves sitting for long periods of time, using a computer can make your muscles sore and stiff. To minimize these effects, set up your work environment carefully, using the guidelines that follow, and take frequent breaks to rest tired muscles. To make working with your computer more comfortable, allow enough space in your work area so that you can change position frequently and maintain a relaxed posture.

Another type of musculoskeletal concern is repetitive stress injuries (RSIs), also known as cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). T hese problems can occur when a certain muscle or tendon is repeatedly overused and forced into an unnatural position. The exact causes of RSIs are not totally understood, but in addition to awkward posture, such factors as the amount of repetition, the force used in the activity, the individual’s physiology, workplace stress level, and lifestyle may affect the likelihood of experiencing an RSI.

RSIs did not suddenly arise when computers were invented; tennis elbow and writer’s cramp, for example, are two RSIs that have been with us for a long time. Although less common than other RSIs, one serious RSI discussed more often today is a wrist problem called carpal tunnel syndrome, which may be aggravated by improper use of computer keyboards. This nerve disorder results from excessive pressure on the median ner ve as it passes through the wrist to the hand.

This section offers advice on setting up your work area to enhance your comfort while you use your computer. Since the effects of repetitive movements associated with using a computer can be compounded by those of other work and leisure activities to produce or aggravate physical problems, proper use of your computer system must be considered as just one element of a healthy lifestyle.

No one, of course, can guarantee that you won’t have problems even when you follow the most exper t advice on using computer equipment. You should always check with a qualified health specialist if muscle, joint, or eye problems occur.

Appendix A

Eye fa ti g ue

Eye fatigue can o ccur whenever the eyes are focused on a nearby object for a long time. This problem occurs because the eye muscles must work harder to view an object that’s closer than about 20 feet (6 meters). Improper lighting can hasten the development of eye fatigue. Although eye fatigue is annoying, there’s no evidence that it leads to permanent damage.

Whenever you’re engaged in an activity that i nvolves close-up work—such as reading a magazine, doing craft work, or using a computer—be sure to have sufficient glare-free lighting and give your eyes frequent rest breaks by looking up and focusing on distant objects. Remember to have your eyes examined regularly.

To prevent discomfort and eye fatigue: m Arrange your work space so that the furniture is properly adjusted for you

and doesn’t contribute to an awkward working posture.

m Take frequent short breaks to give your muscles and eyes a chance to rest.

Arranging your work area and equipment

The suggestions in this section can help you work more comfortably with your computer.

Chair

m An adjustable chair that provides firm, comfortable support is best. Adjust

the height of the chair so your thighs are horizontal and your feet flat on the floor.

The back of the chair should support your lower back (lumbar region). Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting the backrest to fit your body properly.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Keyboard an d trac k ball

m When you use the keyboard and trackball, your shoulders should be

relaxed. Your upper arm and forearm should form an approximate right angle, with your wrist and hand i n roughly a straight line.

This Not this

m You may have to raise your chair so your forearms and hands are at the

proper angle to the keyboard. If this makes it impossible to rest your feet flat on the floor, you can use a footrest with adjustable height and tilt to make up for any gap between the floor and your feet. Or you may lower the desktop to eliminate the need for a footrest. Another option is to use a desk with a keyboard tray that’s lower than the regular work surface.

m Use a light touch when typing or using the trackball and keep your hands

and fingers relaxed. When using the trackball or keyboard, avoid rolling your thumbs under your palms.

This Not this

Some computer users may develop discomfort in their hands, wrists, or arms after intensive work without breaks. If you begin to develop chronic pain or discomfort in your hands, wrists, or arms, consult a qualified health specialist.

Appendix A

m Change hand positions often to avoid fatigue. m If you prefer, you can adjust the angle of the keyboard by lowering the legs

until they snap into position.

The back of the keyboard is slightly elevated when the legs are in use. Otherwise, the keyboard is level.

Mouse

m If you use a mouse, position the mouse at the same height as your

keyboard. Allow adequate space to use the mouse comfortably.

Built-in display

m Adjust the angle of the display to minimize glare and reflections from

overhead lights and windows.

m If your display screen has manual brightness and contrast controls, you

may need to adjust the brightness and contrast of the screen when you take the computer from one work location to another, or if the lighting in your work area changes.

External monitor

If you use an external monitor, this suggestion may be helpful. m If possible, arrange the monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below

your eye level when you’re sitting at the keyboard. The best distance from your eyes to the screen is up to you, although most people seem to prefer 18 to 28 inches (45 to 70 cm).

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Avoiding fatigue

m Change your seated position, stand up, or stretch whenever you start to feel

tired. Frequent short breaks are helpful in reducing fatigue.

m Allow adequate work space so that you can work comfortably. Place papers

or other items so you can view them easily while using your computer. A document stand may make reading papers more comfortable.

m Eye muscles must work harder to focus on nearby objects. Occasionally

focus your eyes on a distant object, and blink often while you work.

m Clean your screen regularly. Keeping the screen clean helps reduce

unwanted reflections.

What about electromagnetic emissions?

There has been recent public discussion of the possible health effects of prolonged exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic fields. Such fields are associated with electromagnetic sources such as television sets, electrical wiri ng, and some household appliances—as well as computer monitors.

Apple has reviewed scientific reports and sought the counsel of government regulatory agencies and respected health organizations. Based on the prevailing evidence and opinions, Apple believes that the electric and magnetic fields produced by computer monitors do not pose a health risk. In response to those customers who wish to reduce their exposure to electromagnetic fields, Apple has lowered the emission levels of its products.

Appendix A

Important care and safety instructions

For your own safety and that of your equipment, read and follow all the instructions in this section. Keep these instructions available for reference by you and others.

Warning

m Electrical equipment may be hazardous if misused. Operation of this

product, or similar products, must always be supervised by an adult. Do not allow children access to the interior of any electrical product and do not permit them to handle any cables.

m Do not use the computer in or near water. m Do not use cables that are frayed or otherwise damaged. Hold a cable by its

connector (the plug, not the cord) when connecting or disconnecting it.

m Always handle batteries carefully. m Do not drop, puncture, mutilate, or burn the computer or battery. m Recharge batteries only as described in this manual and only in ventilated

areas.

m Transport batteries either inside the computer or in the protective case

provided with each battery. Do not transport unprotected batteries.

m Do not short-circuit the battery terminals (that is, do not allow a metal

object such as a paper clip or key chain to touch the ter minals). Doing so may cause an explosion or a fire.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Cauti o n

m If you have a problem with your computer and nothing in the computer

manuals solves the problem, take the computer to your Apple-authorized dealer or service provider. Attempting to repair the computer yourself may void the limited warranty.

m Do not move the computer when you can hear its hard disk spinni ng.

When you put the computer to sleep, wait until the screen is blank before moving the computer.

m Use only the power adapter supplied with your computer, or an identical

model. Adapters designed for other electronic devices may look similar, but they may not work with your computer and may damage it.

m Never force a connector into a port. Make sure that the connector matches

the port and that it’s right-side up. If the connector and port do not join easily, they do not match.

m Do not use the computer in wet or dusty environments. m Keep dirt and liquids away from the por ts on the back panel, the keyboard,

and the trackball. If you spill any food or liquid onto the computer, shut it down immediately and unplug it before cleaning up the spill. Depending on what you spilled and how much got into the computer, you may have to bring the computer to an Apple-authorized service provider for cleaning.

m Do not touch the screen with any sharp or pointed objects. m Use only the battery supplied with your computer. Batteries designed for

other portable computers may look similar, but they may not work with your computer and may damage it.

m When recharging the battery, use only the power adapter supplied with

your computer, or an identical model. Adapters designed for other electronic devices may not work with your equipment and may damage the computer or the recharger.

m Do not leave batteries in hot locations (such as the trunk of a car).

Appendix A

Important

m Use the computer only in environments where the temperature range> is

m Do not expose the computer to very low (less than –13°F/–25°C) or very

m If the computer has been in a cold place for several hours, let it warm up to

m Clean the computer’s outside surfaces with a damp (not wet) cloth. Clean

Caring for batteries

m Always handle batteries carefully. m Do not short-circuit the battery terminals (that is, do not touch both

m Do not drop, puncture, disassemble, mutilate, or incinerate the battery. m Recharge batteries only as described in this manual and only in ventilated

between 50°F/10°C and 104°F/40°C.

high (more than 140°F/60°C) temperatures.

room temperature before you use it.

the screen with soft, lint-free paper or cloth and a mild glass cleaner. Do not spray the glass cleaner directly onto the screen.

terminals with a metal object). Doing so may cause an explosion or a fire.

areas.

m Do not leave batteries in hot locations (such as the trunk of a car). m Do not leave a battery in your computer for longer than a week without

plugging in the power adapter.

m Do not leave a battery in storage for longer than 6 months without

recharging it.

m Take dead batteries to an Apple-authorized service provider for recycling or

proper disposal. The batteries contain hazardous chemicals and should not be thrown out with household or office trash.

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Handling floppy disks

Store disks at temperatures between 50° F and 125° F.

125° F (52° C)

50° F (10° C)

Do not touch the exposed part of the disk behind the  metal shutter.

Do not use a pencil or an  eraser on a disk or disk label.

Keep disks away  from magnets.

   Keep disks dry.

Avoid exposing disks to extremely hot temperatures.

Appendix A

Traveling with the PowerBook

The safety instructions earlier in this appendix also apply when you are traveling. In addition, note these precautions:

m Do not transport your PowerBook while it is turned on. P ut your computer

to sleep or shut it down before you move it.

m Transport batteries either inside the computer or in the protective case

provided. Do not transpor t unprotected batteries.

m Do not check your computer as baggage. Carry it with you. m Have security officials manually inspect your computer and disks if you do

not want to pass them through X-ray machines.

m Be prepared to show security officials that your computer is working. Have

a charged battery or a power adapter ready to use.

m Some airlines may restrict or prohibit the use of computers in flight. Check

ahead to find out what restrictions, if any, apply.

m Take the necessary plug adapters if you’re traveling overseas. (You may

need to use them with the power adapter.) You do not need a voltage transformer. Th e power adapter can handle 90 volts to 260 volts AC (48 Hz to 62 Hz).

Check the diagrams below to determine which plug adapters you’ll need, or ask your travel agent.

Outlet Type Locations

United States, Canada, parts of Latin America, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan

Former Soviet Union, most of Europe, parts of Latin America, the Middle East, parts of Africa, Hong Kong, India, most of South Asia

Mexico, United Kingdom, Ireland, Malaysia, Singapore, parts of Africa

China, Australia, New Zealand

Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips

Storing the PowerBook

1 Save your work on a hard disk or floppy disks. 2 Choose Shut Down from the Special menu. 3 Close the display. 4 Recharge the battery.

Be sure your battery is fully charged if you are taking the computer places where you cannot plug it in.

5 Store the computer in a cool, dry place.

Storage temperatures should remain b etween 10°C and 40°C (between 50°F and 104°F). Avoid leavi ng the computer where temperatures may be extreme or unpredictable—in the trunk of a car, for example.

Service and support

If your computer is malfunctioning but does not appear to be physically damaged, shut it down (and leave the power adapter plugged in, if possible) until you can get help.

If you know or suspect that your computer is physically damaged, disconnect the power adapter, remove the battery, a nd do not use the computer until it can be repaired.

See the service and support information that came with your computer for information about customer assistance.

Appendix A

Refer to this appendix for

information on using the

PowerBook 200 Series keyboard.

Appendix B Using Your Keyboard

The PowerBook 200 Series keyboard works in much the same was as the keyboards on other computers and on electric typewriters. However, there are a few special keys you should know about.

The illustration on the following page explains the function of all the special keys on the PowerBook 200 Series keyboard.

Special keys on the PowerBook 200 Series keyboard

Tab key

Caps lock key

Control key

Option key

1!2@3#4$5%6 7&8

tab

caps lock

shift

ctrl option

(Command) key

SDFGHJKLA

ZXCVBNM

esc

Escape key

Delete key

(0)

YUI OPQWERT

enter

Enter key

[{]

;

Arrow keys

+ =

}

shift

Return key

delete

return

Shift key

Arrow keys Move the insertion point, as an alternative to using the pointing device.

In some programs, the arrow keys have other functions.

Caps Lock key A locking Shift key for letters only (numbers and symbols aren’t affected).

(Command) key Works in combination with other keys as an alternative to choosing a menu

command.

Control key In combination with other keys, provides shortcuts or modifies actions. Delete key Deletes selected material, or the character to the left of the insertion point.

Enter key In a dialog box, pressing Enter is the same as clicking the outlined button.

In some programs, confirms information you have provided.

Escape key The function of this key depends on the program you’re using. Option key In combination with other keys, produces special characters or modifies

actions.

Return key Moves the insertion point to the beginning of the next line. In a dialog box,

pressing Return is the same as clicking the outlined button.

Shift key Produces capital letters (or the upper character on the key). Tab key Moves the insertion point to the next stopping place (such as a tab stop or

data field).

Appendix B

Index

If you can’t find what you’re looking for

in this index, look in Macintosh Guide—

available in the Guide (h) menu

on your computer.

About this Macintosh (Apple menu) 40 activating the Finder 16, 23 active program 16, 42 Apple-authorized service providers

disposing of dead batteries 52, 65 installing additional RAM 40 repairing the computer 64 replacing the backup battery 52

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

Duo Dock II 28, 29 Duo MiniDock 30

Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter

35, 36, 38 Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable 34 Apple menu, About this Macintosh 40 Application menu

Finder 16, 23 Hide Others command 43 open programs displayed 10, 42 Show All command 43

application programs

activating 16 installing 41

working with 42–43 Applications folder 41 arrow keys 70 arrow pointer, moving 8–9 automatic sleep 12, 46

backing up files 43 backup battery

replacing 52

using while replacing the main

battery 45, 50

Balloon Help 24

batteries

avoiding damage to 46 backup battery 45, 50, 52 care of 63, 64, 65 damaged 51–52 disposing of dead batteries 52, 65 low-power messages 45–46 low-power warning, in SCSI

disk mode 38 maximizing work time 55 recharging 1, 47–50 reconditioning 53–55 removing or replacing 50–51 transporting 63, 67

battery power

conserving 12, 55 SCSI disk mode and 38

battery recharger 48–49 Battery Reconditioning program 53–55 blinking question mark on screen,

troubleshooting 6

brightness on screen, adjusting 5, 61 burns to skin and eyes from damaged

batteries 51

cables

Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter

35, 36, 38 Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable 34 safety instructions for 63 SCSI system cable 36

cable terminators, for connecting

SCSI devices adding 34–35 removing 37

care of equipment. See safety instructions carpal tunnel syndrome 58 chair, adjusting for computer use 59, 60 charging batteries 1, 47–50 cleaning the computer 65 clicking icons 25 close box 10 closing the Macintosh Guide window 23 commands, shortcuts for 25–26 computer equipment, care of.

See safety instructions

connecting

additional equipment, overview

27–28 external input devices 40 external modem 32–33 networking hardware 40 PowerBook as a SCSI disk 35–39 PowerBook Duo Dock and

Duo Dock II 28–29 printer 31 SCSI devices 34–35

conserving battery power 12, 38, 55 contrast on screen, adjusting 61 control panels

Express Modem 33 PowerBook Setup 36

Control Strip 10 copying files 43 cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) 58 customer support 14, 68

Index

damaged batteries 51–52 damage to computer, avoiding 1, 40, 46 dead batteries, disposing of 52, 65 desk accessories, opening and

switching 42

desktop, hiding and showing

windows on 43 dimmed icons 42 disconnecting the PowerBook in SCSI

disk mode 38, 39 Disk Tools disk 53 display. See also screen

adjusting 3, 61

opening 3 docking connection 27 double-clicking icons 25 Duo Dock/Duo Dock II

connecting 28

features of 29 Duo Floppy Adapter 31 Duo MiniDock 30

SCSI disk mode and 35

ejecting PowerBook from Duo Dock II

electromagnetic emissions from

computer monitors 62

Empty Trash command

(Special menu) 10

equipment, adjusting and arranging for

optimal use 59–61 Ethernet port (Duo Dock II) 28 EtherTalk port (Duo Dock II) 29 expanding

the Macintosh Guide window 23

your system 28–31 Express Modem control panel 33 external modem, connecting 32–33 external modem port

Duo Dock II 28, 32

Duo MiniDock 30, 32 external monitor, adjusting 61 eye fatigue related to computer use

57, 59, 62

files, backing up 43 Finder

activating 16, 23

icon 42

shortcuts in 25–26 floppy disk drive (Duo Dock II) 28, 29 floppy disk drive port

(Duo MiniDock) 30

floppy disks

backing up 43

care and handling 66

inserting 41

Index

I, J

Guide menu

Hide Balloons command 24 how to use 15–16 Macintosh Guide command 16 Macintosh Tutorial 9 overview 10, 14 Shortcuts command 25 Show Balloons command 24

handling computer equipment.

See safety instructions

hard disk

backing up files on 43

in Duo Dock II 43 hard disk icon 10 hard disk space, using as RAM 40 health-related information about

computer use 57–62

Help. See Guide menu; Macintosh Guide;

troubleshooting

Hide Balloons command

(Guide menu) 24

Hide Others command

(Application menu) 43 hiding windows on the desktop 43 Huh? button (Macintosh

Guide window) 23

icons

Battery Reconditioning 53 blinking question mark 6 defined 10 dimmed 42 double-clicking 25 Finder 42 Guide menu 15 hard disk 10 modem port 32 opening 25 ports 27, 28, 30 PowerBook Setup 36 printer/modem port 32 SCSI ID 37

SCSI disk mode 37, 38 identifying objects on the screen 24 ID number. See SCSI ID number Index button (Macintosh

Guide window) 17, 19–20 installing memory 40 internal modem 33 internal modem port

Duo Dock II 28 Duo MiniDock 30 PowerBook 27

Index

keyboard

adjusting angle of 61 care of 64 correct posture for using 60–61 shortcuts for using 25–26 special keys 70

liquid spills on the computer 64 Look For button (Macintosh

Guide window) 17, 21–22 low-power messages 45–46 low-power warning, in

SCSI disk mode 38

Macintosh Guide command

(Guide menu) 16 Macintosh Guide

closing 22, 23 displaying 16 finding information 17–22 Huh? button 23 Index button 17, 19–20 Look For button 17, 21–22 moving 16, 23 returning to 18, 23 shrinking and expanding 23 tips for using 23 Topics button 17–18

Macintosh Shortcuts 25–26 Macintosh Tutorial 8–9 memory 40, 46 memory upgrade cards 40 menu, defined 9 menu bar, defined 10 modem, connecting 32–33 modem port 27, 28–30, 31–33 monitor 3, 61. See also screen monitor port

Duo Dock II 28, 29

Duo MiniDock 30 monitor power socket (Duo Dock II) 28 mouse

correct position of 61

shortcuts for using 25–26 moving

batteries 63, 67

the computer 64, 67

the Macintosh Guide window 23 musculoskeletal discomfort related to

computer use 57–58, 62

network, backing up files on 43 nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH) battery.

See batteries

NuBus slots (Duo Dock II) 28, 29

Index

on-screen help. See Guide menu;

Macintosh Guide

opening

applications and desk accessories 42 the display 3 icons 25

open programs, displaying 42

plug adapters for overseas travel 67 plugging in the computer 1–2 pointer, moving 8–9 ports, illustration of

Duo Dock II 28 PowerBook 27 PowerBook Duo MiniDock 30

power adapter 1, 2, 5, 64

recharging batteries and 47–50 power adapter cable 2 power adapter port

Duo MiniDock 30

PowerBook 2, 27 PowerBook Duo 280c, sleep and 12 PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter 31 PowerBook Duo MiniDock 30

SCSI disk mode and 35

PowerBook Setup control panel 36

PowerBook Troubleshooting Guide

5, 6, 14

power button

Duo Dock II 28 Duo MiniDock 30

PowerBook 5, 11, 13, 27, 37 power conservation 12, 38, 55 power cord 1, 2 Power On key 4

troubleshooting 5 power socket (Duo Dock II) 28 power sources 45 printer, connecting 31 printer/modem port (PowerBook)

27, 31–33

printer port

Duo Dock II 28, 29

Duo MiniDock 30 problems. See troubleshooting programs. See application programs

question mark on screen,

troubleshooting 6

questions. See Guide menu; Macintosh

Guide; troubleshooting

Index

RAM

installing 40

protecting contents of 46 RAM disk 13 recharging batteries 1, 47–50 reconditioning batteries 53–55 removing or replacing batteries 50–51 repairing the computer 64 repetitive stress injuries (RSIs) 58 replacing the backup battery 52 Restart command (Special menu) 13 restarting the computer 13

safety instructions

connecting SCSI equipment

34, 35, 37 damaged batteries 51–52 depleted batteries 46 floppy disks 66 general instructions for computer

equipment 63–66 grounding plug 2 installing additional RAM 40 power adapter 1 recharging the battery 47, 48 storing the computer 68 transporting batteries 63, 67 transporting the computer 64, 67

screen. See also display

adjusting brightness and

contrast of 61 identifying objects on 24 troubleshooting 5

scroll arrows 10 SCSI cable terminators

adding 34–35 removing 37

SCSI chain 34, 36–37 SCSI devices, connecting 34–35 SCSI disk, using your

PowerBook as 35–39, 43

SCSI hard drive (Duo Dock II) 29 SCSI ID number, assigning to the

PowerBook 36

SCSI port

Duo Dock II 28, 29, 34 Duo MiniDock 30, 34, 36

SCSI system cable 36 searching for information, Macintosh

Guide window 17–22

security slot

Duo Dock II 28 Duo MiniDock 30

setting up the computer 1–3 shortcuts, keyboard and mouse 25–26

Index

Shortcuts command (Guide menu) 25 Show All command

(Application menu) 43

Show Balloons command

(Guide menu) 24 showing windows on the desktop 43 shrinking the Macintosh

Guide window 23 Shut Down command (Special menu)

11, 37, 51, 68 shutting down the computer,

troubleshooting 11, 37 size box 10 sleep, putting the computer to sleep

12, 46 Sleep command (Special menu) 12, 51 Small Computer System Interface.

See SCSI Software Highlights program 41 sound in and out ports

Duo Dock II 28, 29 Duo MiniDock 30

Special menu

Empty Trash command 10 Restart command 13 Shut Down command 11, 37, 51, 68 Sleep command 12, 51

spills, cleaning up 64

starting up the computer 4 storing the computer 68 support, obtaining customer assistance

14, 68

switching to another program or

desk accessory 42 “system error” message 13 system software 6

Tab key 70 tape drive, copying files to 43 temperature ranges

for the computer 65

for floppy disks 66 terminators. See cable terminators three-wire grounding plug 2 title bar 10 Topics button (Macintosh

Guide window) 17–18

Topics button (Macintosh

Shortcuts window) 26

trackball

care of 64

correct posture for using 60–61

how to use 8–9

Index

transferring information between

computers 35

transporting

batteries 63, 67

the computer 64, 67 Trash 10 traveling with the computer 63–67 troubleshooting. See also Guide menu

blinking question mark on screen 6

external modem problems 33

nothing appears on the screen 5

Power On key 5

restarting the computer 13

shutting down the computer 11, 37

“system error” message 13

turning on the computer 5–6

where to find answers 14 turning off the computer 11

quitting SCSI disk mode and 39 turning on the computer 4

SCSI disk mode and 37

troubleshooting 5–6 typing, correct posture for 60

upgrading memory 40

virtual memory 40 VRAM included with Duo Dock and

Duo Dock II 29

W, X, Y, Z

waking the computer 11, 12 wall mount plug 2 warranty on your computer 40, 64 windows

defined 10 displaying in applications 42 hiding and showing on desktop 43

working with several programs

at a time 42

work space and equipment, optimal

arrangement of 58, 59–62

Index



Apple Computer, Inc.

1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, California 95014-2084

408.996.1010 TLX 171-576

030-6074-A

Printed in U.S.A.

Apple 200 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Con tent s