Apple 190 User Manual

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Macintosh PowerBook

User’s Guide

Includes setup, troubleshooting, and important health-related information for Macintosh PowerBook 190 series computers

K Apple Computer, Inc.

written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 (408) 996-1010

Apple, the Apple logo, AppleLink, AppleShare, AppleTalk, LaserWriter, Macintosh, PowerBook, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

Apple Desktop Bus, Balloon Help, Disk First Aid, eWorld, Finder, and Mac are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

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Corporation, used under license therefrom. SuperPaint is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation, a subsidiary of Adobe Systems

Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an

endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products.

Con tents

Communications regulation infor mation vi

Part I

1Getting Started 1

Plugging in the computer 3 Opening the display 4 Tur ning the computer on 6 Problems turning your computer on? 8 Making software disks 9 What’s next? 15 Learning the basics 16 Revi ew ing the basi cs 18 Tur ning the computer off 19 Putting the computer to sleep 20 Restarting a computer that’s already on 22 Where to find answers 24

iii

2Getting Help 25

Getting answers to your questions 26 Identifying objects on the screen 34 Learning useful shortcuts 35

3Using Expansion Bay Mo dules and PC Cards 37

Usi ng e x pa nsion bay modules 37 Usi ng PC Cards (PCMCIA cards) 41

4Connecting Additional Equipment 51

Connecting a printer 52 Connecting an external modem 53 Connecting SCSI devices 54 Connecting an external monitor 60 Connecting sound output devices 64 Connecting other devices 65 Adding infrared (IR) capabilities to your computer 65 Adding memory to your computer 65

5Installing and Using Application Programs 67

Usi ng S oftware Highlights 67 Getting help for application programs 69 Installi ng application programs 69 Working with several programs at a time 70 Backing up your files 71

6Power Management 73

Power sources 73 Monitoring the battery charge 73 Recharging the battery 76 Removing or replacing the battery 77 Maximizing work time 78 About lithium ion replacement batteries 79

Contents

Part II

7Tips and Troubleshooting 83

When you have questions 83 When you run into trouble 83 Problems starting up the computer 84 Problems worki ng with programs 89 Other problems while working 93 Problems with hardware 96 Problems with equipment connected to your Macintosh PowerBook 105 Problems with networks and file sharing 106 Problems with Apple Remote Access 109

8Diagnostic Techniques 111

Checking your system software extensions 111 Testing your hard disk 113 Reinstalli ng system software 115

Part III

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 127

Health-related information about computer use 127 Important care and safety instructions 134 Caring for batteries 136 Handling floppy disks 137 Traveling with the Macintosh PowerBook 138 Storing the Macintosh PowerBook 139 International use 140 Service and support 140

Contents

Appe n dix B Using Your Keyboard 141

Typi ng s p ecial chara cter s and symbols 143 Special key combinations 145

Appendix C Installing a RAM Expansion Card 147

Getting ready 148 Removing the keyboard 149 Installi ng the RAM expansion card 158 Replacing the keyboard 161 Checking to make sure a RAM card is properly installed 166

Index 167

Contents

Communications regulation information

FCC statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected.

Radio and television interference

The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.

If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops. m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio. m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio. m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.

(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful:

Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

IMPORTANT

could void the FCC certification and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple

peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,

Interference

Communications Regulation Information

vii

DOC statement

DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.

Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur : “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des Communications.

VCCI statement

viii

Communications Regulation Information

Chapter 1 Get ting S tar ted Chapter 2 Getting H e lp Chapter 3 Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards Chapter 4 Connecting Additional Equipment Chapter 5 Installing and Using App lication Programs Chapter 6 Power Management

part

Follow the instructions in this

chapter to set up your computer

and learn the basics.

Getting Started

The illustration on the following page provides an overview of your Macintosh PowerBook computer. To set up your computer for the first time, you need the power adapter and the power cord that came with it.

When setting up your computer, place your computer on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded electrical outlet. Before following the setup instructions in this chapter, you may want to read “Ar ra nging Your Work Area and Equipment” in Appendix A for tips on adjusting your work furniture and computer so that you’re com fortable when using the computer.

Sleep indicator

Speaker

Trackpad

Trackpad button

Brightness control

Contrast control

Microphone

Power key

Floppy disk drive module

Expansion bay drive in-use light

Security slot

Battery

Infrared window

(optional Infrared Upgrade Card required for IR file transfer)

™

Video port

(optional 8-bit Video-Out Upgrade Card, shown installed here)

Reset button

Sound output port

SCSI port (HDI-30)

Printer/External modem port

Two PC Card (PCMCIA card) slots

PC Card eject buttons

Elevation foot release button

Power adapter port

Elevation feet

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

Pluggin g in the computer

Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s battery. You should plug in the power adapter in case the battery has drained during shipping or storage.

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your Macintosh PowerBook or with a Macintosh PowerBook 5300 series computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other Maci ntosh PowerBook models and other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

When you are ready to b egin, follow these steps:

1Plug one end of the power cord into the power adapter and the other end into a

three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. The power adapter that came with your Maci ntosh PowerBook is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding plug!

Getting Started

2Plug the power adapter plug into the power adapter port (marked with the icon

Slide the latch to the left to open the display.

Power cord

Power adapter

Power adapter plug

Power adapter port

back panel of the computer.

Opening the display

1Slide the latch to the left and lift up the display.

) on the

Chapter 1

2Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle.

To lower the foot, lift the rear of the computer and press the release button. The foot extends automatically.

To raise the foot, press the release button while pushing up on the foot until it clicks into place.

You can adjust the angle of the display at any time by tilting it toward or away from you.

3Adjust the elevation feet if you want to raise the computer.

The back of the keyboard is slightly elevated when the feet are in use.

Getting Started

Turning the computer on

Power key

To tu r n on the computer:

Press the Power key (marked with a

You should hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a few minutes to start up. You’ll see the Mac OS startup screen as the system software is loaded on the computer.

After your computer starts up for the first time, a picture similar to this appears on the screen:

) at the upper-right corner of the keyboard.

If you don’t see this picture on your screen, go to the next section, “Problems Turning Your Computer On?”

Chapter 1

If you are a new Macintosh PowerBook user, follow the instr uctions in the rest of this section. If you have experience using a Macintosh computer, skip to “Making Software Disks” later in this chapter to learn how to make floppy disks of the software installed on your computer.

If you are a new Macintosh PowerBook user

If you have never used a Macintosh PowerBook computer, you need to learn how to use your computer before you can make your disks. Follow these steps:

1Move your finger on the trackpad to move the arrow pointer (

) on the screen.

Place your index finger on the trackpad and your thumb on the trackpad button. Don’t press the trackpad button yet.

2Move your finger on the trackpad so that the tip of the arrow (

at the bottom of the Floppy Disk Maker box.

3 Being careful not to move your finger on the trackpad, press and release the trackpad

button.

) is inside the Quit button

The following screen replaces the Floppy Disk Maker box.

Note: Your screen should look very similar to this, but it may not look exactly the same.

Getting Started

4 Turn to the “Learning the Basics” section later in this chapter.

Contrast control

Brightness control

5 Turn to “Making Software Disks,” later in this chapter, as soon as you are done learning

the basics.

It is very important that you make your floppy disks as soon as you are done with the first part of the Macintosh Tutorial.

Prob lems tu rning your computer on?

Nothing happened when you pressed the Power key.

The battery may be drained. Make sure you plugged in the power adapter, and that the power adapter is firmly connected to both the computer and a power source. If the power adapter is plugged into a power strip, make sure the power strip is plugged in a nd turned on. Then try pressing the key again.

If the computer still doesn’t turn on, see “Problems Starting Up the Computer” in Chapter 7.

The computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on the screen.

Adjust t he brightness control (marked with the icon ¤) and contrast control (O) until an image appears and the screen is easy to read.

Chapter 1

You see a picture of a disk with a blinking question mark on the screen.

This icon usually means that the computer can’t find system software on the hard disk or any disks attached to the computer. You may need to reinstall system software. See “Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 8.

You don’t see the Floppy Disk Maker picture on the screen.

The screen for Floppy Disk Maker appears when you start up your computer until you make a minimum set of disks. If you haven’t made a minimum set of disks, see the next section, “Making Software Disks.” (Note: The screen that appears for Floppy Disk Maker may be slightly different from the screen shown in this manual.)

Making software disks

This section describes how to create floppy disks of the software that comes on your computer.

Why ma ke software disks?

Your Macintosh PowerBook computer comes with different kinds of software installed. System software is the se t of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run application programs. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a disk that contains the system software. System software is always in a folder called th e System Folder.

Other included software gives you added functionality on your computer, such as file synchronization, hard disk password protection, and DOS–Mac OS file compatibility.

You need to make a copy of this software for safekeeping, in case you ever need to reinstall the software on your computer. Th e disks you need to install and reinstall software from are called installer disks. You use the Floppy Disk Maker application program to create your software installer disks.

Getting Started

What is a dis k ima ge?

High-density disks

have two holes...

...and they have

this symbol.

A disk image is a discrete electronic representation of each individual installer disk. Th e Disk Images folder in the Floppy Disk Maker folder on your hard disk contains the disk images you need to creater installer disks for both your system software a nd the other software that comes on the hard disk. When you use Floppy Disk Maker, it copies the disk images onto floppy disks. When you are finished making a set of disks with Floppy Disk Maker, you’ll have a set of installer disks and will be able to reinstall the software that comes on your computer.

Note: You must use the Floppy Disk Maker program to create your installer disks. (Although you can copy the disk images onto floppy disks by dragging the files, you won’t be able to i nstall the software from those disks because the disk images are compressed files.)

What you need

Just as you n eed paper to make copies of important documents, you need floppy disks to make copies of the information on your hard disk. You can probably buy the floppy disks at the same place you bought your computer.

Floppy disks come in a variety of sizes and capacities. The ones you need for backing up your hard disk are called high-density 3.5-inch disks. You can recognize the disks by the way they look:

Even though these disks have a hard plastic casing, they are called “floppy disks” because the disk inside the casing is floppy.

Chapter 1

Before you start making your disks, you’ll need to decide if you want to make a full set or a minimum set of disks. When you make a full set, you’ll make disks for your system software and the other disk images that come on your computer. When you make a minimum set, you’ll make just the essential system software disks. It is best to make a full set, so you’ll have i nstaller disks for your system software and the other disk images that come on your computer. However, making a full set requires more disks and more time than making a minimum set. At the very least, make a minimum set of disks now. If you choose to make a minimum set, you can make disks for the other software later.

If you don’t have disks on hand, you can skip these instr uctions for the moment. But the sooner you make the system software disks, the better. Buy the disks as soon as possible, then return to this section and follow these instructions.

IMPORTANT

Be sure you make at least a minimum set of disks as soon as

possible, in case you need to reinstall your system software.

Making a set of disks

To use the Floppy Disk Maker program to make your installer disks, follow these inst ruction s :

1If your computer is off, turn it on.

Before you can begin, the following dialog box should be on your screen:

Getting Started

This dialog box will appear every time you start your computer until you

Insert the disk metal end first, label side up.

make at least a minimum set of disks. It is very important that you make at least a minimum set. (You can stop the dialog box from appearing by removing the Floppy Disk Maker alias from the Startup Items folder in the Syst em Fold er. See “Problems Starting Up the Computer” in Chapter 7 for more information.)

If you clicked the Quit button in the Floppy Disk Maker dialog box, you can find Floppy Disk Maker in either the Applications/Utilities section of Software H ighlights or in the Floppy Disk Maker folder (inside the Utilities folder) on your hard disk. (See “Using Software Highlights” in Chapter 5 for more information.)

2Click Minimum Set or Full Set, depending on the kind of disk set you want to make.

If you are making a minimum set, you ca n press the Return key. You can make a minimum set first so you have a set of system software disks, and then use Floppy Disk Maker to make the other disks later. (See “Making Individual Disks” later in this section for instructions wh en you want to make the additional disks.)

If you need to stop Floppy Disk Maker in the middle of making a set of disks, click Quit. Floppy Disk Maker will remember where you were in the diskmaking process, and will resume where you left off when you next open Floppy Disk Maker.

3 Follow the instructions on the screen until a message tells you that you’re finished.

Insert a new disk whenever the screen messages tell you to do so. Do not use the Disk Tools floppy disk that came with your computer.

Chapter 1

As you fill each disk, make a label with the disk name displayed on the screen. Then immediately put the label on the disk so that you know what its contents are later.

4When you’re finished, click Quit.

If you want to make more disks, click Continue a nd go to the next section, “Making Individual Disks,” to learn about using Floppy Disk Maker’s custom feature.

Be sure the floppy disks are properly labeled, then store them in a safe, cool place.

5If you quit in the middle of the disk-making process and want to resume copying, click

Resume Minimum or Resume Full (depending on the type of set you are making) when you see the Floppy Disk Maker box.

Once you’ve made a full set of disks, you can delete the disk images to free up space on your hard disk. However, keeping copies of at least the system software images is a good idea. You should keep these disk images on your hard disk, or backed up on an external hard disk or PC Card (PCMCIA card). The disk images are found in a folder called Disk Images, inside the Floppy Disk Maker folder.

Getting Started

Making individual disks

If you made a minimum set of disks, you can go back and make disks of the remaining disk images on your computer. You do this by using the custom feature of Floppy Disk Maker. You can make an individual disk or a set of disks for an application program. Follow these steps:

1 Open the Floppy Disk Maker application program.

You can find Floppy Disk Maker in either the Applications/Utilities section of Software H ighlights or in the Floppy Disk Maker folder (inside the Utilities folder) on your hard disk. (See “Using Software Highlights” in Chapter 5 for more information.)

2When the Floppy Disk Maker dialog box appears, click Custom.

The following appears on the screen:

Folders containing

disk images of

software that comes

on your computer are

listed here. Click the

folder you want to

copy, then click Add.

3Click the icon for the program you want to copy to select it.

Once you add the folders you want to copy, they appear here.

If you want to make an individual disk for a program (in case you lost a disk or an individual disk got damaged), double-click the program’s folder to open it, then click the icon of the individual disk image to select it.

Chapter 1

What’s next?

4Click Add.

The folder (or individual disk) appears in the list to the right under “Disk images to be copied.”

Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the software you want to copy app ears in the list to the right. The total number of disks you’ll need appears above the list in the right of the window.

If you want to remove an item from the list on the right, click the item to select it and click Remove.

5Click Copy.

Foll ow the instructions on the screen. Remember to lab el the disks as you make them.

Yo u’ve now finished setting up your Macintosh PowerBook. Continue with one of the following steps:

m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the

Basics.”

m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting

Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh computer.

m If you have additional equipment to connect to your computer, see

Chapter 4, “Connecting Additional Equipment,” for instructions. (If you are a new Macintosh user, you should complete “Learning the Basics” before connecting additional equipment.)

m If you have application programs that you want to install on your computer,

see Chapter 5, “Installing and Using Application Programs,” for instructions. (If you are a new Macintosh user, you should complete “Learning the Basics” before installing application programs.)

IMPORTANT

If you need to turn off your computer at any point, read the instructions in “Tur ning the Computer Off” later in this chapter to learn the correct procedure for turning off your Macintosh PowerBook computer.

Getting Started

Learning the basics

Trackpad Trackpad button

If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-touse p r ogram called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teach es you the basic skills you’ll need to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps:

1Move your finger on the trackpad to move the arrow pointer (

) on the screen.

Place your index finger on the trackpad and your thumb on the trackpad button. Don’t press the trackpad button yet.

Move your finger across the trackpad, watching the arrow on the screen. Notice that the arrow on the screen moves in the same direction that you move your finger on the trackpad.

Chapter 1

The trackpad is sensitive not only to the direction you move your finger, but also to how fast you move your finger. If you want the pointer to move a short distance across the screen, you move your finger slowly across the trackpad. The faster you move your finger, the farther the pointer moves on the screen.

Tips for using the trackpad

For best results when using the trackpad:

m Use your index finger (left or right hand). Use only one finger. m Use only your finger on the trackpad. Do not use a pen or any

other object.

m If your finger reaches th e edge of the trackpad before the pointer is

where you want it, lift your finger and reposition it on th e trackpad. (The pointer moves only when your finger moves on the trackpad.)

m Extend your PowerBook’s elevation feet wh en it is placed on a flat

surface. This gives your fingers b etter access to the keyboard and makes it easier to use the trackpad.

m Sometimes humidity or condensation may cause moisture to gather

on the trackpad. If this happens, gently wipe the trackpad with a

clean cloth before you use it.

2Move your finger on the trackpad so that the tip of the arrow (

mark in the upper-right portion of the screen.

3With the tip of the arrow (

button.

) on the question mark, press and hold down the trackpad

) points to the question

A list of choices (called a menu) appears. This is the Guide menu, which is the place to go when you have a question about how to use your computer.

4While holding down the trackpad button, move the arrow (

Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the trackpad button.

) until the words “Macintosh

A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set aside this book for now and follow the instructions you see on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book.

Getting Started

Reviewing the basics

The following illustration summarizes many of the basic skills and terms you learned from the tutorial.

The strip across the

top of the screen is

called the menu bar.

The symbols and

words in it represent

menus of commands.

Icons are small pictures

that represent disks,

folders, programs, and

documents. To open

an icon, double-click it

(that is, click it twice quickly).

Windows are boxes

that display text,

graphics, or icons. To

bring a partially

covered window to the

front, click anywhere

in the window.

You can have several application programs open at once. To see which

To find an answer to

To move a window,

drag it by the title bar.

To close a window,

click the close box.

The Control Strip gives you a quick and easy way to monitor and update your PowerBook’s power management options. For instructions on using the Control Strip, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (

a question, look in the

Guide (

To bring hidden portions of a window’s contents into view, click the scroll arrows.

) menu.

)menu.

program is active or to switch from one program to another, use this menu (called the Application menu).

This icon represents the startup hard disk (usually the computer’s internal hard disk)

To change the size or shape of a window, drag the size box.

To throw away an item you no longer want, drag it to the Trash and choose Empty Trash from the Special menu.

Chapter 1

Turning the computer off

You can turn your computer off using either the Power key or the Shut Down command. Detailed instructions follow.

Turning the computer off using the Power key

To tu r n the computer off with the Power key, follow these steps:

1If the computer is in sleep, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it.

For information on the sleep feature of your Macintosh PowerBook, see “Putting the Computer to Sleep,” the next major section in this chapter.

2Press and hold the Power key for about two seconds.

The following dialog box appears on the screen:

3Press the Return key on the keyboard (or click the Shut Down button in the dialog box).

Turning the computer off using the Shut Down command

You can also turn your computer off by using the Shut Down command in the Special menu. Follow these steps:

1If the computer is in sleep, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it. 2Move the tip of the arrow to the word “Special” at the top center of the screen.

If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Choose Finder from the Application menu.

3With the tip of the arrow on the word Special, press and hold down the trackpad button.

Getting Started

4While holding down the trackpad button, move the arrow down the list of choices until

the words “Shut Down” are highlighted, then release the button.

Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from using the Power key or choosing Shut Down —for example, if the computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackpad—you ca n turn off the computer by pressing the reset button (marked with an I) on the back of the computer. Use this method only if you ca nnot click Shut Down or Restart in the dialog box that appears when you press the Power key, or if you cannot choose either command from the Special menu.

Putting the computer to sleep

Sleep is a power conservation feature of Macintosh PowerBook computers, reducing the amount of power the computer draws when it’s not being used. When the PowerBook is in sleep, it has a darkened screen and appears to be off. A small green light flashes on the top of the display when your computer is in sleep. (Note: The computer must be on in order for you to put it to sleep.)

To put the computer to sleep, follow these steps:

1Press and hold the Power key for about two seconds. 2In the dialog box that appears, click the Sleep button.

WARNING

to stop spinning before you transport your Macintosh PowerBook. Transpor ting your Macintosh PowerBook with the hard disk spinning can damage your computer.

Chapter 1

Once you put your computer to sleep, listen for the hard disk

Other ways of putting your computer to sleep

Sleep indicator

You can also use any of th e following alternate methods to put your computer to sl eep:

m Choose the Sleep comma nd from the Special menu.

m Close the display. m Move the pointer over the Sleep Now portion of the Control Strip, then

press the mouse button and choose Sleep Now from the pop-up menu that appears.

m Hold down the Command and Shift keys while you press and release the

zero (0) key.

When the computer is in sleep, a small green light flashes in the upper righthand corner of the display.

Getting Started

For more information, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available i n the Guide (h) menu. (You can lear n about using Macintosh Guide i n Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Automatic sleep

If you don’t use the computer for several mi nutes, it goes to sleep automatically. This conserves battery power.

To w a ke th e co mputer, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock). The screen will reappear as it was before the computer went to sleep.

You can control the automatic sleep feature. For more information on automatic sleep, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available i n the Guide (h) menu. (You can lear n about using Macintosh Guide i n Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Restarting a computer that’s already on

You need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on again—when you want to make certain changes to settings, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer using a different disk.

You also need to restart if you see a “system error” message on the screen (indicating a temporary software problem). In this case, use the trackpad to click th e Restar t button that appears.

To restart your computer, follow these steps:

1Press and hold the Power key for about two seconds. 2In the dialog box that appears, click the Restart button.

Chapter 1

You can also restart the computer using the Restart command. m Choose Restart from the Special menu.

If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Choose Finder from the Application menu.

When you choose Restart, the computer prompts you to save your work, closes all open programs, and restarts itself.

Restarting using either of the methods outlined above does not affect your RAM disk (if you created one) or its contents.

Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from using the Power key or choosing Restart—for example, if th e computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackpad—you can turn off the computer by presssing the reset button (marked with an I) on the back of the computer. Use this method only if you ca nnot click Shut Down or Restart in the dialog box that appears when you press the Power key, or if you cannot choose either command from the Special menu.

Getting Started

Whe re to find answers

User’s GuideUser’s Guide

Macintosh PowerBookMacintoshP

owerBook

When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers.

In this book

Use this book to set up and learn about your computer, and for useful tips and suggestions if you have problems with your computer.

In the Guide menu

The Guide menu (marked with the hsymbol) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, refer to Chapter 2 of this book.

In other manuals

For answers to questions about other equipment or application programs you have purchased, see the manuals that came with them.

In Read Me files

The Read Me files that come on your computer’s hard disk are SimpleText documents that contain important late-breaking information about your PowerBook and some of the software that comes on your PowerBook.

From Apple’s customer support hotline

If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the Apple Assistance Center. (The phone number is in the service and support information that came with your computer.)

Chapter 1

Use the instructions in this

chapter to learn about the help

available to you in the Guide menu.

Getting Help

TheGuide menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark ( upper-right cor n er of the screen.

h) in the

Getting answers to your questions

When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu.

1Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose

Finder to make it the active application program.

A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program.

2Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.

The Macintosh Guide window appears.

Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other windows. If the window gets in your way, you ca n move it by draggi ng its title ba r (the gray bar across the top of the window).

Chapter 2

3Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.

Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:

Topics

lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of

contents in a book.

Index

lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it

is like the index in a book.

Look For

lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase

that you type. In the following sections you will practice usi ng each method. If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using

Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.

Getting answers with the Topics button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.

A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide window. (Dep ending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics may look different.)

Getting Help

2Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics.

When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

3Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click

the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

4 Read and follow the instructions in this window.

5When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

Chapter 2

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right cor ner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Getting answers with the Index button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.

An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window.

Slider

Scroll bar

2Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible.

You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or

by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.

3Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.

When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right cor ner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Chapter 2

Getting answers with the Look For button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.

A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text.

To activate the text

box, click here.

Type a word or phrase

in the text box…

…and then click here.

2Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.

When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or double-

If you want to close

Macintosh Guide,

click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to

click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right cor ner to display the next step.

close Macintosh Guide.

Chapter 2

Tips for using Macintosh Guide

Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:

m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the

desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of th e Guide menu) and choose Finder.

m Foll ow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read

ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a step correctly.

m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of

other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag it by the title bar at the top of the window.

You can also move the wi ndow out of the way by clicking the zoom box. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time to expand the window to its original size.

m If you need more information about a n instruction or a term, click the

button labeled “Huh?” to get further explanation. (The “Huh?” button is dimmed when no additional information is available.)

m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the

Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.

m When you’re finished using Maci ntosh Guide, click the close box in

the upper-left corn er of the window.

Close box

Topics button

“Huh?” button

Title bar

Zoom box

Right arrow

Getting Help

Identifying objects on the screen

Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help.

Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see i n comic strips.

Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

2Point to any object on the screen that you want to identify.

icon) and choose Show Balloons.

A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the Trash to throw items away.

Although balloons appear next to items wh en you point to them, the way you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and so on.

3When you’re finished using Balloon Help, choose Hide Balloons from the Guide menu.

Chapter 2

Learning useful shortcuts

You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.

Foll ow thes e steps to learn keyboard a nd mouse shortcuts:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Shortcuts.

The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.

Getting Help

2Click one of the category buttons.

If you want to

close the window,

click here.

Click here to return to

the main Macintosh

Shortcuts window for

more categories.

3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.

4When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in

Another window appears, describi ng shortcuts for that category.

Click here to see the next window (if there is one).

Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one).

the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.

Chapter 2

Read this chapter for information on

using expansion bay modules

and PC Cards.

Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards

Using expansion bay modules

The floppy disk drive i n your Macintosh PowerBook is a removable module, which you can easily switch with other types of removable modules. The place in your computer where modules go is called the expansion bay mod ules are inserted and removed i n the same way.

You should not remove an expansion bay module if there is a floppy disk (or other storage medium) inserted and in use or you may lose data. When the small green in-use light on the side of the module lights up, the floppy disk (or other medium) inserted in the mod ule is in use. Before removing the module, you must first close any files and quit any programs using the floppy disk, then drag the disk to the Trash or choose Put Away from the File menu.

Removing an expansion bay module

To remove an expa nsion bay module from your Macintosh PowerBook, follow these steps:

expansion bay. All

1Close any files and quit any application programs or files that are using the floppy disk

(or other medium), if any is inserted.

Remember to save your work.

2If a floppy disk is inserted in the module, click its icon to select it and drag its icon to the

To unlock the module, slide the latch on the underside of the computer.

Trash (or choose Put Away from the File menu).

If you have any other kind of optional expansion bay module, make sure you drag the icon for whatever ki nd of medium is inserted to the Trash or choose Put Away from the File menu.

3Unlock the expansion bay module by sliding the module release latch on the bottom of

your Macintosh PowerBook in the direction of the arrow.

Chapter 3

4Hold the module by the gripping surface and pull it out of the computer.

Hold the module by the gripping surface and pull it completely out of the computer.

The module release latch automatically slides back into its proper position as you remove the module.

Gripping surface

IMPORTANT

You should not remove an expansion bay module if it is in use or you may lose data. If you try to remove the module when it is in use, you’ll see a message telling you to reinsert it. Reinsert the module, close any files and quit any programs using the floppy disk or other medium, then drag the medium’s icon to the Trash or choose Put Away from the File menu.

If you put your computer to sleep while a floppy disk or other medium is inserted, the module’s green in-use light will flash (similar to the sleep indicator light on your computer’s display). Do not remove the module while the in-use light is flashing.

Inserting an expansion bay module

To reinsert the expansion bay module, slide the module in. Make sure the gripping surface is facing down. Th e release latch automatically returns to the locked position.

Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards

Locking an expans io n bay module

Sample locking device with security cable

Battery

Expansion bay module

Security slot

You can purchase a security cable and lock to protect your Macintosh PowerBook. With a lock, you ca n do the following:

m secure your computer to a desk or table m lock the expansion bay module in your computer m lock the battery in your computer

See your Apple-authorized dealer or computer retailer for details on what kinds of security devices are available.

Note: You can protect the contents of your hard disk by turni ng on password protection in the Password Security control panel. For information on usi ng the Password Security control panel, see the question “How do I turn password security on and off?” i n the “Setting Options” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 3

Using PC Cards (PCMCIA cards)

PC Cards (also known as PCMCIA cards) are about the size of a thick credit card a nd have a 68-pin connector at one end. They come in many varieties, such as fa x/modem cards, mass-storage cards, Ethernet connection cards, and wireless communications cards. You can use PC Cards to expand your Macintosh PowerBook’s capabilities.

This section tells you how to insert a nd eject PC Cards, and how to set up your communications software to use PC Card modems. For information on using PC Cards, see the “Using PC Cards” topic of Macintosh Guide, available i n the Guide (h) menu.

Inserti ng a PC Card

Your Macintosh PowerBook has two PC Card slots: an upper slot and a lower slot. You can insert a card into either slot, or you can use both slots simultaneously.

There are three types of PC Cards. The different types refer to the thickness of the card. A Type I card is 3.3 millimeters (mm) thick, a Type II card is 5 mm thick, a nd a Typ e III card is 10.5 mm thick. Make sure you check the documentation that came with your PC Card to verify that it is compatible with your Macintosh PowerBook.

WARNING

Make sure you only use cards that are designated by the PC Card manufacturer as compatible with your Macintosh PowerBook. If you use an incompatible card, it may not work with your PowerBook. If you are not sure whether a PC Card is compatible with your PowerBook, contact the PC Card manufacturer.

You can place a Typ e I or Typ e II card in either the upper or lower slot. You can place a Typ e III card only in the lower slot. When a Typ e III card is in the lower slot, you ca nnot use the upper slot. To make sure a card is properly inserted, you may find it useful to get in the habit of always using the lower slot.

Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards

To ins er t a card, do this:

A Type III PC Card must be inserted in the lower slot.

A Type I or Type II PC Card can be inserted in either the upper or lower slot.

Insert the card, connector first and label up, into the slot. Make sure the card is level.

Chapter 3

Yo u’ ll feel some resistance as you slide the card in. When the card is firmly seated, you hear a click.

An icon for the PC Card appears on the desktop. You are now ready to use the card.

Ejecting a PC Card

Your computer must be on or off in order to eject a PC Card. You cannot eject a PC Card when the computer is in sleep.

IMPORTANT

Before you eject a card, make sure that nothing is blocking the card’s slot. If you want to use the card again immediately, pull it out about an inch more and then push it back in. (If you don’t follow this procedure and you try to push the card back in to use it again, the card will not engage properly.)

To eject a PC Card when the computer is on, follow these steps:

1If the computer is in sleep, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock) to wake it. 2Click the PC Card’s icon to select it. 3 Drag the card’s icon to the Trash. 4Pull the card the rest of the way out of the slot.

IMPORTANT

Do not force a PC Card out of the slot. Doing so may damage your computer or PC Card.

Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards

Other ways to eject a card

Press the eject button next to the slot that contains the PC Card.

When the computer is turned on, you can also do a ny of the following: m Click the card’s icon to select it, then pull down the File menu and choose

Put Away. After the card is ejected, pull it out of the slot.

m Click the card’s icon to select it, then pull down the Special menu and

choose Eject PC Card. After the card is ejected, pull it out of the slot.

To ej ect a PC Card when the computer is on or turned off, you ca n also do this:

m Press the eject button next to the slot containing the PC Card you wa nt to

eject. (The eject buttons do not work if your computer is in sleep.) If the card is not in use, it will be ejected.

Chapter 3

If you can’t eject a card

If you can’t eject a card, insert the end of a straightened paper clip into the hole next to the slot. This hole is for the upper slot.

This hole is for the lower slot.

If you are unable to eject a card using any of the methods described, follow these steps:

1Shut down the computer. 2 Straighten one end of a paper clip. 3 Insert the end of the straightened paper clip into the hole next to the slot that contains

the card, and press gently but firmly until the card is ejected.

4Pull the card out of the slot.

Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards

Using a PC Card modem

When you are using a PC Card modem, make sure you do the following:

1Install the communications software you want to use.

PC Card modems work with your communications software by accessing a feature of your Macintosh PowerBook’s software called the Communications Toolbox. Your software must support the Communications Toolbox in order to use PC Card modems. If you’re not sure whether or not your communications software supports the Communications Toolbox, contact the software’s manufacturer.

See the documentation that came with your communications software for instructions on setting up a PC Card modem. Check to see if PC Card modem files for your software were included.

Modem files for some communications programs (AppleLink, Apple Remote Access [ARA], and eWorld) come on your Macintosh PowerBook’s hard disk. The instructions for setting up your modem with these application programs are given i n the sections below. You can get other modem files from the manufacturer of your communications software. You can use the steps given below for setting up eWorld, ARA, and AppleLink as guidelines for setting up your PC Card modem with other types of communications software if you are having trouble connecting.

2Insert the PC Card modem.

When a PC Card modem is inserted, the following icon may appear on the desktop:

Some card manufacturers may use a custom icon.

3Plug your modem into a working phone line. 4 Follow instructions for setting up your modem with the communications software you

are using.

Chapter 3

Using eWorld with a PC Card modem

Foll ow thes e steps when using eWorld with a PC Card modem. You can also use these steps as a guideline for setting up other communications programs to us e the Communications Toolbox.

Note: The files listed below were designed to work with the United States phone system. These files may or may not work properly outside of the United States.

To select the correct modem file for your PC Card modem, follow these steps:

1 Insert your PC Card modem. 2 Open the eWorld application program. 3Click the Edit Local Setup button. 4Select the port that your PC Card modem is in.

You should see either upper or lower PC Card slot listed. If you don’t, make sure your modem is properly inserted.

Choose the card slot

that your modem is

inserted in. If you

ever use the PC Card

modem in the other

slot, you need to

reselect the correct

port in this menu.

5Choose your modem from the Modem Type pop-up menu.

Choose your modem here.

If your PC Card modem is not listed, try Generic Modem or Hayes Basic. If that doesn’t work, you may need to create a new modem type. (See the eWorld Help topic “Creating a New Modem Type.”)

Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards

Using Apple Remote Access with a PC Card modem

Appl e Remo te Access uses modem files (sometimes called connection scripts or CCLs) to get the best performance from some modems. Follow these steps to select your modem file:

1Insert your PC Card modem. 2 Open the ARA application program. 3 Open Remote Access Setup.

The following screen appears:

Select the modem you are using here.

Select the slot your PC Card modem is inserted in here.

4Choose your modem from the Modem pop-up menu.

If your PC Card modem is not listed, check in the ARA Connection Files folder (inside the PC Card Modem Files folder in the Apple Extras folder on your hard disk). If the file for your modem appears, drag it to the Extensions folder (inside the System Folder). If the file for your modem is not listed, try using an existing modem file from the pop-up menu (such as a different model from the same manufacturer). If this doesn’t help, you may need to get a connection script from your PC Card modem’s manufacturer.

5Choose the port that your PC Card modem is in.

You should see either upper or lower PC Card slot listed. If you don’t, make sure your modem is properly inserted.

If you even insert the PC Card modem in the other slot, you need to reselect the modem port.

Chapter 3

Using App leLin k wit h a PC Card modem

To us e Ap pleL ink with a PC Card modem, follow these steps:

1 Insert your PC Card modem. 2 Open the AppleLink Connection Files folder (inside the PC Card Modem Files folder in

the Apple Extras folder on your hard disk).

3 Drag the icon for the PC Card Modem (USA) file to the Connection Files folder (inside the

AppleLink folder).

If a dialog box appears advising you that older files with the same name already exist, click OK.

4 Open the AppleLink application program. 5Choose Set Up Connection from the Network menu.

The following screen appears:

6Choose CommToolbox from the Connection Port pop-up menu.

The following screen appears:

Using Expansion Bay Modules and PC Cards

7Choose Serial Tool from the Method pop-up menu. 8Select the Upper Slot or Lower Slot icon in the Current Port window.

If your modem is not currently inserted, its icon will not be displayed in the window. You must always insert the modem in the same slot, or you’ll n eed to set up the modem again for the other slot.

9Choose PC Card Modem (USA) from the Connection File pop-up menu.

Chapter 3

Read this chapter for information on

SCSI port (HDI-30)

Sound output port

Power adapter port

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

Reset button

™

Video port (optional 8-bit Video-Out Upgrade Card, shown

installed here)

Printer/External modem port

Infrared window (optional Infrared Upgrade Card required for IR file transfer)

expanding your computer system

with additional hardware.

Connecting Additional Equipment

The illustration below shows where equipment should be connected to your Macintosh PowerBook. In most cases, you should refer to the manuals that came with your equipment for instructions on connecting it. Make sure you always shut down your Macintosh PowerBook before you connect any cable other than the power adapter.

Additional information is provided in this chapter for adding the following devices to your computer system:

m printers m external modems m SCSI devices m external monitors m sound output devices m additional memory

Connecting a printer

The printer/modem port on your computer can accept either a direct connection (to a pri nter such as a StyleWriter) or a network connection (to a printer such as a LaserWriter).

To connect a printer directly to your Macintosh PowerBook using the printer/modem port, follow these steps:

1Make sure the computer is in sleep or shut down. 2Connect your printer according to the manual that came with your printer.

Also follow the i nstructions in your printer manual to install the printer software and learn how to use your pri nter.

3 Turn on your Macintosh PowerBook. 4Make sure AppleTalk is turned off in the Chooser.

You are now ready to use the printer.

Chapter 4

Connecting an external modem

You can use a PC Card modem i n your computer’s PC Card slot. For information on connecting and using a PC Card modem, see the documentation that came with your modem, “Using a PC Card Modem” in the section “Using PC Cards (PCMCIA Cards)” in Chapter 3 of this manual, and the “Using PC Cards” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guid e (h) menu.

You can also connect an external modem to the printer/modem port on the back pa n el of the computer.

To connect an external modem, follow these steps:

1Make sure the computer is in sleep or shut down. 2Connect the modem to a power source and to the phone line. 3Make sure the modem is turned off. 4Connect the modem cable to the port marked with this icon:

5 Turn on the modem. 6Wake or restart the computer. 7 Open the Chooser and click the icon for a networked printer (such as a LaserWriter).

Foll ow this step whether or not a networked printer is connected to your PowerBook.

8Click OK in the dialog box that appears. 9Make sure AppleTalk is turned off in the Chooser.

You are now ready to use the external modem.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting SCSI devices

A SCSI device is any product—includi ng hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and scanners—that communicates with your computer by means of a standard electronic interface. (SCSI stands for Small Computer System Interface.) You can attach up to 6 SCSI devices to your computer by linking them together in a chain that starts at your computer’s SCSI port.

To connect a SCSI device to your Macintosh PowerBook, you need an Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable or equivalent. This cable is light gray (the same color as desktop Macintosh computers), is about 19 inches long, and has 29 pins (one “missing” pin).

Refer to the manuals that came with your SCSI devices for instructions on installing any necessary software, setting SCSI ID numb ers, and connecting SCSI cables a nd SCSI terminators. Refer to the illustrations below for the proper positioning of SCSI termi nators. A SCSI chain of devices must include a terminator attached to the first and last devices in the chain (but nowhere else in the chain). Some devices include internal terminators. Your Macintosh PowerBook is not internally terminated.

The names and the part numbers of the cables mentioned in this chapter are the following :

Chapter 4

Type of connection Name of cable Part number

From your computer to Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable M2538LL/A a SCSI device

From SCSI device to Apple SCSI Peripheral Interface Cable M0207 a SCSI device

For SCSI disk mode Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter Cable M2539LL/A To connect an PowerBook Video Adapter Cable M3927LL/A

external monitor

WARNING

When connecting SCSI equipment, always turn off power to

all devices in the chain, including your computer. If you don’t, you

could lose information and damage your equipment.

Wher e to ad d cable terminators when connecting a single SCSI device:

Connecting more than one SCSI device

Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

SCSI peripheral interface cables

HDI-30 SCSI system cable

Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

Connecting one SCSI device

Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

Terminator

HDI-30 SCSI system cable

Wher e to ad d cable terminators when connecting two or more SCSI devices:

Using your Macintosh PowerBook as a hard disk

You can purchase a cable called the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter which lets you connect your Maci ntosh PowerBook to another computer as a hard disk. Th e PowerBook appears on the desktop of the other computer as a hard disk icon, and you can transfer information between the computers by draggi ng files. This feature is called SCSI disk mode.

The Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable is dark gray, is about 10 inches long, and has 30 pins.

WARNING

devices carefully to avoid loss of information and damage to your equipment.

Foll ow the steps for connecting and disconnecting SCSI

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting your computer as a hard disk

Before making any connections, you need to assign a unique SCSI ID number to the Powe rBook. (The unique ID number allows the computer to communicate with several connected devices.)

1Make sure the password protection feature is turned off in the Password Security

control panel.

2Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

computer.

3 Open the PowerBook Setup control panel.

4In the SCSI disk mode section of the control panel, click the ID number you want

to assign.

) menu of your Macintosh PowerBook

If you are connecting the Macintosh PowerBook to an existing SCSI chain, make sure to give it an ID number different from those of the other devices. (Many devices include an ID numb er indicator on the back panel.)

5Close the PowerBook Setup control panel. 6Hold down the Power (P) key on the PowerBook until you see the Shut Down dialog

box.

7Click Shut Down to turn the PowerBook off. 8Shut down the computer you are connecting to, and turn off any other devices in the

SCSI chain.

9Connect the small connector on the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter to the SCSI port on

your PowerBook.

Chapter 4

10 If there are no SCSI devices currently connected to the other computer, attach a SCSI

system cable to the other computer. Make sure you have a terminator connected to your PowerBook. If there are SCSI devices currently connected to the other computer, attach a SCSI peripheral interface cable to the last device in the SCSI chain.

11 Connect the large connector on the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable to a SCSI

cable attached to the SCSI port on the last device in the SCSI chain, or to the SCSI system cable on the other computer.

If the last device in the chain has an internal terminator, disconnect the device and connect the PowerBook before it in the SCSI chain. If the last device is not internally terminated, make sure you connect a terminator to your PowerBook (or whichever device is last in the SCSI chain).

WARNING

Always shut down the Macintosh PowerBook before connecting or disconn ecting the SCSI disk adapter cable. Connecting the adapter cable while the computer is turned on can damage the computer.

12 Turn on the PowerBook by pressing the Power key.

After a few seconds a SCSI icon appears on the screen, showing the ID number you assigned in step 3.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connect and disconnect your computer here.

These cables can stay attached to your other computer or its SCSI chain.

Terminator HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter

WARNING

If you do not see the SCSI icon, and the computer starts normally or displays an er ror message, press the Power key to shut down the co mputer (if you ca n) and then immediately disconnect your computer from the SCSI chain. (If you cannot shut down your Macintosh PowerBook, you should disconnect the cable anyway, or you may lose information.) Then go back and repeat steps 8 through 12, making sure to use the proper cables.

13 Turn on the other SCSI devices in the chain, if any. 14 Turn on the other computer.

The PowerBook appears as a hard disk icon on the screen of the computer you connected it to. You can now transfer and use files as if the Macintosh PowerBook were an external hard disk.

Simplifying the connection process

If you plan to use your Macintosh PowerBook regularly as a hard disk with the same computer, you can leave the SCSI adapter cable attached to the other computer or its SCSI chain. (Make sure a terminator is attached between the other SCSI cables and the adapter.) When you wa nt to use your PowerBook as a hard disk, simply shut down all devices and connect the adapter cable to the SCSI port on your PowerBook.

Chapter 4

WARNING

Always disconnect your Macintosh PowerBook from the adapter cable wh en you are not using it as a hard disk. Your PowerBook will not work correctly if the adapter cable remai ns attached.

Quitting SCSI disk mode

1Shut down the computer your PowerBook is connected to. 2Hold down the Power (P) key on the PowerBook until the computer shuts down. 3 Turn off any other SCSI devices in the chain. 4Disconnect the PowerBook from the adapter cable.

If you plan to connect your PowerBook regularly to the same computer, you can leave the adapter cable attached to the SCSI chain or the other computer.

IMPORTANT

Do not leave the adapter cable attached to the PowerBook. If you do, the computer will behave as though it is still in SCSI disk mode when you try to restart.

5If necessary, disconnect the adapter cable from the other computer or its SCSI chain.

Your equipment is now ready for normal use. If you disconnected the adapter cable from the other computer or SCSI chain, make sure that the SCSI chain is properly terminated.

Drawing b attery power in SCSI disk mode

Your Macintosh PowerBook continues to draw battery power wh en you use it as a hard disk. Low battery power is indicated by a blinking low-power warning on the PowerBook’s screen.

If you see this warning while using your computer as a hard disk, either plug in the power adapter or quit SCSI disk mode, as described in the previous section.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting an external monitor

IMPORTANT

You must install a video-out upgrade card to use an external monitor with your Macintosh PowerBook. Contact your Apple-authorized dealer to purchase the Macintosh PowerBook 8-Bit Color Video-Out Upgrade Kit (which includes a PowerBook video adapter cable), and for information on which monitors are compatible with your PowerBook.

When equipped with a video-out upgrade card, your PowerBook has a video port to which you ca n connect most Apple monitors. To connect an external monitor, you need the PowerBook video adapter cable (which comes with the video-out upgrade card).

In addition to many Apple monitors, your PowerBook supports most VGA and SVGA monitors. To connect a VGA or SVGA monitor, you need a n additional adapter, which should come from the same source as the monitor.

Once you have installed the video-out upgrade card, a n external monitor connected to your computer can function as an extension of your PowerBook’s built-in screen—that is, you can drag objects from one screen to another and do your work on either one. Or you can show the same image on both screens (a feature called video mirroring).

To connect an external monitor, follow these steps. Also consult the documentation that came with the monitor.

1Make sure your computer is shut down or in sleep.

If you connect a monitor with your computer turn ed on, the computer will not recognize the monitor.

Chapter 4

2Place the monitor where you will be using it.

Video port

Video adapter

Monitor cable

8 inches minimum

Floppy disk drive

Keep the computer and the monitor at least eight inches apart. Interference between the monitor and your computer’s floppy disk drive ca n cause errors on your floppy disks.

Arrange th e monitor so the top of the screen is slightly below eye level while you work. Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from lights and windows.

3Make sure the monitor’s power cord is attached to the monitor, then plug the other end

into a grounded outlet or power strip.

If your monitor’s power cord is designed to plug i nto the power receptacle on the ba ck of a computer, rather than into an electrical outlet, you can obtain a cord with the correct plug from your Apple-authorized dealer.

If you are using a power strip, make sure it is turned on.

4Make sure the monitor cable is attached to the monitor, then attach the other end of the

monitor cable to the PowerBook’s video adapter.

Connecting Additional Equipment

5Attach the video adapter to the video port (marked with the icon

back panel.

6 Turn on the external monitor. 7Press the Power (P) key to turn on your computer. (You can press any key if your

PowerBook is in sleep.)

™

) on the computer’s

The external monitor is ready to use.

Trouble?

Nothing happened when you tried to turn on the PowerBook.

Make sure that all your equipment is connected properly, then try pressing the Power (P) key again.

Make sure that the battery is charged, or that the power adapter is plugged into both the computer and an electrical outlet. If you are using a power strip, make sure it is turned on.

The computer is on, but the external monitor is dark.

Make sure that the video-out upgrade card has been properly installed in your PowerBook. You need to install this card to use an external monitor with your PowerBook.

Make sure that the monitor’s power cord is connected, and that its power switch is on. Try adjusting the monitor’s brightness and contrast settings. If this doesn’t work, try restarting your computer.

Wo rking with an external monitor

For information on using an external monitor or usi ng video mirroring for presentations, see the “Monitors” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Note: The screen dimming feature in the PowerBook control panel turns the screen brightness down to a low level when you haven’t used the computer for a few minutes. (You can think of dimming as “screen sleep.”) Dimming also affects the external monitor. When you move your finger on the trackpad or press a key on the keyboard, the brightness is restored on both screens. For more information on screen dimming, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 4

Disconnecting an external monitor

Press here to remove the adapter.

1Make sure your computer is shut down or in sleep. 2Make sure your monitor is switched off. 3Disconnect the video adapter from the video port on the computer’s back panel. The

video port is marked with this icon: ™.

Press the small buttons on both sides of the connector to remove the video adapter from the port.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting sound output devices

Microphone

Your computer has a built-in microphone to the lower right of the display. For information on using the microphone to record sounds, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 4

The Macintosh PowerBook also has a stereo sound output port (marked with the ico n -) to which you can connect externally powered speakers, a n amplifier, headphones, or other audio output devices. Th e sound output por t accepts a standard stereo miniplug, like that used to attach h eadphon es to a portable tape player.

Connecting other devices

For instructions on connecting a device not discussed in this chapter—for example, an external input device (such as a mouse) or networking hardware—refer to the manuals that came with the device.

Adding infrared (IR) capabilities to your computer

Your Macintosh PowerBook comes ready to i nstall a PowerBook Infrared Upgrade Card. When you add this card to your PowerBook, you can use the Apple I R File Exchange application program (which comes on your hard disk) to exchange items with another IR-equipped computer without needing a cable connection. See your Apple-authorized dealer for further information.

Adding mem ory to your computer

Your Macintosh PowerBook comes with at least 4 MB of RAM. You can increase your computer’s memory by adding a RAM expansion card. You can find out how much memory your computer has by choosing About This Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu in the Finder.

You can purchase memory upgrades from Apple-authorized dealers. For complete instructions on installing a RAM expansion card, see Appendix C.

Your Macintosh PowerBook also supports virtual memory, a feature that makes use of hard disk space to provide additional RAM. Your computer was developed to take advantage of the virtual memory feature. If your computer came with 4 MB of RAM, virtual memory is turned on; if it came with 8 MB of RAM, virtual memory is turned off. For information on using virtual memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Read this chapter for information on

installing and using application

programs on your computer.

Installing and U sing Application Programs

Using Soft ware H i ghlight s

Your Macintosh PowerBook comes with some great software already installed that includes such programs and features as:

m ClarisWorks m hard drive password protection m file synchronization m DOS and Windows file compatibility m remote access to another Macintosh m an assortment of games

You can access this software from a feature called Software Highlights. Software Highlights gives you access to application programs, product demos, quick tips, important information in Read Me files, and service and support information.

To get started with your software, follow these steps:

1 Open the Macintosh HD icon.

A window simil ar to this appears.

Important information about your Macintosh PowerBook

The files used to start

up and control your

computer

An application

program that lets you

launch preinstalled

software, get tips,

and learn about

service and support

2Double-click the Software Highlights icon.

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

A simple word-processing program

Folders with preinstalled software and related information

There are six t op i c buttons at the top of the window. When you click a button, the window displays items or inf ormation associated wit h t hat topic .

IMPORTANT

If you delete the Software Highlights icon, you have not deleted your preinstalled software. (Most of the software is in the Applications folder on your computer’s hard disk.)

If you don’t see a Software Highlights icon, you can access the information in Software Highlights by following these steps:

) menu.

2 Open the Launcher control panel.

The same window you see when you op en Software H ighlights appears on your screen.

Seethe “Worki ng With Programs” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu, for instructions on using the Launcher.

Chapter 5

Getting help for application programs

Insert the disk metal end first, label side up.

Some application programs that come on your Maci ntosh PowerBook (for instance, PowerTalk a nd File Assista nt) are documented in their own Apple Guide onli n e help systems. Follow these steps to see if a program has an Apple Guide help system:

1 Open the application program. 2Pull down the Guide (

If an item appears in the Guide menu for your application program, choose it. If an item does not appear, then there is no Apple Guide online help for that program.

Installing application pro grams

Yo u’ ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. Refer to the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them.

In most cases, you install application programs onto your internal hard disk from floppy disks that you receive as part of an application program package. The following illustration shows how to inser t a floppy disk in the floppy disk drive.

) menu.

Installing and Using Application Programs

Working with several programs at a time

You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows.

All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. T h e name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.

The Finder icon Commands to hide or

display open windows

A checkmark indicates

the active program.

Open programs

Finding out which programs are open

If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which program is active and which other programs are open by pulling down the Application menu.

Switching programs

You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its name from the Application menu.

If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its windows.

You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs to an op en program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a document that was created with the program).

Chapter 5

Hiding and showing wind o ws on the desktop

You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu.

The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again.

If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.

Backing up your files

Making backup copies of important files is good protection agai nst possible damage to the originals.

m Your hard disk contains disk images of system software and most

application programs that came with your computer. You can make disks from these images by using the FloppyMaker application program. See “Maki ng Software Disks” in Chapter 1 for instructions.

m You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk,

or to a hard disk.

m You can use a commercial backup program to copy new and changed files

from a hard disk to another hard disk, to a tape drive, or to a series of floppy disks.

m If your computer is on a network, you can back up files by copying them to

a shared disk on the network.

m You can back up files by copying them from one computer to the other

using SCSI disk mode. (See “Using Your Macintosh PowerBook as a Hard Disk” in Chapter 4 for more information on SCSI disk mode.)

Installing and Using Application Programs

Read this chapter for

information about your

Macintosh PowerBook’s battery.

Power Management

Power sources

Your computer can draw its operating power from two different sources.

Main battery

battery. The battery should provide between 2.5 and 5 hours of work time (you may get longer work time depending on the battery conservation features you choose).

AC power

plugging in the power adapter.

These power sources are described in more detail in the following sections.

You can run your computer from a grounded electrical outlet by

Monitoring the battery charge

There are three ways you can determi n e the charge level of your battery: m Look in the Battery Monitor portion of the Control Strip.

Your computer came with a nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH)

For information on the Battery Monitor, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

m Receive low-power messages on your display. m Look at the battery level icon next to the clock in the menu bar (if this

feature is turned on).

Resp on ding to low-power messages

When the battery runs low, the computer displays a series of low-power messages. The work time remaining after you see the first message varies depending on how you are using the computer. It’s a good idea to act promptly.

What you should do

When you see a low-power message, you should do one of the following:

Plug in the power adapter.

Save your work, put the computer to sleep, remove the depleted battery, and replace it with a charged battery within two minutes of removing the depleted one.

IMPORTANT

Always save your work when you see a low-power message.

What you should know

When the first low-power message appears, the screen dims automatically to save power.

If you continue to work without plugging in the power adapter or changing the battery, the computer displays a second low-power message.

The second message is followed by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. Within a few seconds, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM. All activities are interrupted. It’s a good idea to save your work when you see the fir st two low-power messages to make sure you don’t lose information.

If you continue working until the computer goes to sleep automatically, you can wake it again as soon as you plug in the power adapter or replace the depleted battery with a charged battery.

If you ca n’t plug in the power adapter or replace the battery, the contents of RAM are retained i n sleep for about 8 hours (as long as you don’t remove the ba ttery).

Chapter 6

IMPORTANT

Recharge a depleted battery as soon as possible. Leaving a depleted battery in the computer for a length of time (especially in a hot location, such as the trunk of a car) may damage the battery so that it can’t be recharged. If this happens, you need to replace the battery.

Using the Control Strip to monitor battery charge

The Battery Monitor portion of the Control Strip shows the current power source and the approximate amount of charge left in your battery.

This icon indicates

the current

power source.

This clock shows the approximate amount of work time remaining, based on current battery conservation settings.

These indicators show the approximate amount of charge remaining, based on current battery conservation settings.

For more infomation, see the question “How do I check the battery power level?” in the “Batteries & Power” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Using the batter y icon to monitor battery cha r ge

A battery icon in the menu bar displays the amount of charge left in your battery.

The amount of black in the icon indicates the charge level.

When a lightning bolt appears in the icon, the battery is charging.

Power Management

Recharging the bat tery

Power adapter

Power adapter port

To recharge the battery in your computer, plug in the power adapter. (Do not use an exte rnal recharger, even one designed for another Macintosh PowerBook model. Macintosh PowerBook 190 series batteries should be charged inside the computer.)

Chapter 6

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

A lightning bolt icon appears in the Battery Monitor portion of the Control Strip when the power adapter is plugged in and a battery is recharging.

The battery will recharge regardless of whether you are usi ng the computer, or the computer is off or in sleep.

Removing or re pl acing the battery

Battery cap

Always snap the battery cap on the battery when the battery is out of the computer.

1 Press the button on the battery. 2 Slide the battery out.

To remove or replace the battery, follow these steps.

1Save your work, and then choose Shut Down or Sleep from the Special menu, or plug in

the power adapter. 2Close the display. 3Press the battery release button on the battery.

4Pull the battery out of its compartment. 5Put the battery cap on the battery to cover the battery contacts.

The battery contacts should not be exposed when the battery is out of the

computer.

Power Management

6If you are inserting another battery, remove the battery cap from the new battery to

expose the contacts, then slide it into the battery compartment.

You cannot insert a battery if the battery cap is still on the battery. You should store the battery cap i n case you want to remove and transport the battery later.

Make sure you use only a battery that is designed for your Macintosh PowerBook.

7If you just inserted a new battery, it’s a good idea to plug in the power adapter in case

the battery is not fully charged.

IMPORTANT

hazardous wh en released in the environment. It is inappropriate, and in some cases unlawful, to throw batteries away with your household or business trash. Instead of throwing away your spent batteries, dispose of them as described here.

In the United States

provider, who will make sure they are included i n Apple’s battery recycling program.

Elsewhere

and/or recycling programs for spent batteries. Dispose of spent batteries in accordance with the mandatory or voluntary battery collection programs in your location. Contact your Apple-authorized service provider for information about the recommended disposal procedures in your area.

Maximizing work time

Your Macintosh PowerBook’s battery can provide between 2.5 and 5 hours of work time before you need to recharge. The actual work time available depends on which model of Macintosh PowerBook you have, what equipment you’re using with your computer, and what steps you take to conserve power while you work.

Macintosh PowerBook batteries contain metals that are

Return spent batteries to your Apple-authorized service

Many locations have government or Apple-sponsored collection

For battery conservation tips, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in t he Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 6

About lithium ion replace ment batteries

Battery level indicator button

Battery level indicator lights

Fully charged 3/4 charged 1/2 charged 1/4 charged

You can purchase an optional lithium ion (LiIon) battery as a n extra or

replacement for the standard NiMH battery that came with your Macintosh

PowerBook. LiIon batteries provide somewhat longer work time than NiMH

batteries before you need to recharge—from 3 to 5.5 hours, depending on

which model of Macintosh PowerBook you have, what equipment you’re

using with your computer, and what steps you take to conserve power while

you work.

In addition, LiIon batteries weigh less than NiMH batteries and provide

indicator lights on the battery itself that let you monitor the remaining charge.

Foll ow thes e steps to determine the charge level in a LiIon battery:

1Save your work, and then choose Shut Down or Sleep from the Special menu or plug in

the power adapter. 2Pull the battery out of its compartment.

For instructions on removing the battery, see “Removing or Replacing the

Battery” earlier in this chapter.

3Push the battery level indicator button to activate the battery level indicator lights.

The lights show whether the battery is fully charged, three-fourths charged,

one-half charged, on e-fourth charged, or empty. The indicator lights remain

lit for a few seconds.

Power Management

Chapter 7 Tips and Troubl eshooting Chapter 8 Diagnostic Techniques

part

Consult this chapter and the next if

you have questions or experience

problems using your computer.

Tips and Troubleshooting

Whe n you have questions

If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer

to Macintosh Guide in the Guide (

Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual. If the suggestions in this

chapter and Macintosh Guide don’t solve the problem, go to Chapter 8

for some diagnostic techniques to h elp you solve system software and hard

disk problems.

Whe n you run into trouble

While you’re using your computer, you may see a bomb icon or a n error

message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8) “freezing” on

the screen. If you have trouble with your computer, take a few minutes to read

the information in this chapter and Chapter 8. If your problem is related to a

particular procedure, you should also look for information on that procedure

in Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. If you are unable to

access Macintosh Guide (for example, if your screen is “frozen”), refer to this

chapter to see if you can resolve the problem.

h) menu. For instructions on using

This chapter and Chapter 8 describe solutions to problems you may

Reset button

experience with your computer. If the suggestions i n th ese two chapters don’t solve your problem, contact a local Apple-authorized service provider or call the Apple Assistance Center. (See the service and support information that came with your computer for the phone number.) If your problem is with third-party software or equipment, please call the software or equipment manufacturer for help.

Problems starting up the c omputer

The computer doesn’t start up.

m The battery may need recharging. Plug the power cord into a working

outlet, and then plug the power adapter into the computer. Let the battery recharge for a few minutes.

m Check that the power cord is plugged into a working outlet. If it’s plugged

into a power strip, make sure the power strip is turned on. The power adapter should get warm after being plugged in for 10 minutes. If it is cold, make sure the adapter is securely plugged i n and attached to the power cord.

m The screen brightness may b e turned down. Adjust the brightness control

(marked with the icon ¤) and contrast control (O), located to the right of the dis play.

m Make sure the battery is properly seated in its compartment. m Press the reset button (marked with the icon I) on the back panel.

Chapter 7

The computer makes an unusual sound at startup.

m If you hear an unfamiliar startup sound, start up the computer with the

Disk Tools disk that came with your computer. If the computer does not start up, or if the hard disk icon does not appear, the hard disk may need repair. Contact an Apple-authorized service provider or call the Apple Assist ance Cent er. If the hard disk icon does appear, see Chapter 8, “Diagnostic Techniques.”

m There may be a problem with the information stored in the area called

parameter RAM (PRAM). Reset the parameter RAM (also called “zapping the PRAM”).

Resetting the PRAM erases the contents of your RAM disk, if you have one. Resetting the PRAM also restores the default settings in most control panels. After you reset the PRAM, be sure to check any custom settings you made for the desktop pattern, memory, network, AppleTalk, trackpad, power conser vation, and so for th. Resetting the PRAM also resets the power manager.

Foll ow thes e steps to reset the PRAM:

1. Locate the keys Command (x), Option, P, a nd R.

2. M ak e sure the Caps Lock key is not down.

3. Restart your Macintosh. Immediately after h earing the startup sound, press the Command (x), O ption, P, and R keys simultaneously.

If you don’t hold down the key combination within 5–10 seconds after you restart, you may need to repeat steps 1–3.

4. Hold down the keys until you hear the startup sound. Then release the keys.

5. If the computer shuts itself off, press the reset button to turn it back on.

6. When the computer has finished starting up, restore any custom control panel and network settings.

m There may be a problem with a RAM expansion card. If you installed a

RAM expansion card in your computer, check Appendix C to make sure the card is properly installed. If you purchased an expansion card from a third-party manufacturer, contact the manufacturer for help.

See also “The Computer Makes Unusual Sounds” i n the section “Other Problems While Working” later in this chapter.

Tips and Troubleshooting

The computer starts up, but the desktop (or Floppy Disk Maker screen) doesn’t appear.

m The screen brightness may b e turned down. Adjust the brightness control

(¤) and contrast control (O), located to the right of the display.

m The computer may be trying to start up using an external hard disk that

does not contain the correct version of system software. Disconnect the external hard disk and restart your computer.

m Sta rt th e computer, holding down the Shift key until you see the message

“Extensions off” in the Welcome to Macintosh box. If the computer starts up, turn to “Checking Your System Software Extensions” in Chapter 8 a nd try the steps given.

m If you see the following icon on the screen, your PowerBook is in SCSI

disk mode. See “Quitting SCSI Disk Mode” i n the section “Connecting SCSI Devices” in Chapter 4 for more information.

m There may be a problem with the display of windows. Restart the

computer and hold down the Option key until the desktop icons appear. (When the desktop appears, all windows will be closed.)

When I start up the computer, I keep seeing a message about making floppy disks.

m The Floppy Disk Maker screen will appear every time you start up your

computer until you make at least a minimum set of disks. It is very important that you make a minimum set in case you ever need to reinstall system software. If you still want to stop the Floppy Disk Maker screen from appearing without making at least a minimum set, you ca n remove the Floppy Disk Maker alias from the Startup Items folder (i n the System Folder).

When I start up the computer, I see a message about the system software.

m The system software on the star tup disk you’re using may be incomplete or

damaged, or may be the wrong version. Make sure you’re using the correct disk as a star tup disk.

m If you’re sure you’re using the correct startup disk, you may need to

reinstall system software. See “Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 8.

Chapter 7

The computer displays a flashing question mark icon.

m This icon usually means that the computer can’t find system software

on any disks attached to the computer. (After it displays this icon for two minutes, the computer will shut itself off.)

If the computer is connected to any external hard disks, make sure that the SCSI chain is terminated properly (see “Connecting SCSI Devices” in Chapter 4) and that the external hard disks are turn ed on. Th en restart the computer. If the problem recurs, the hard disk or its system software may be damaged. See Chapter 8, “Diagnostic Techniques.”

m Tur n off the computer, disconnect all external devices except the power

adapter, and restart the computer. If the computer starts up, turn to “Problems with Equipment Connected to Your Macintosh PowerBook,” later i n this chapter.

The computer freezes or displays an error message during startup.

m Tur n off the computer, disconnect all external devices except the power

adapter, and restart the computer. If the computer starts up, turn to “Problems with Equipment Connected to Your Macintosh PowerBook,” later i n this chapter.

m Sta rt th e computer, holding down the Shift key until you see the message

“Extensions off” in the Welcome to Macintosh box. If the computer starts up, turn to “Checking Your System Software Extensions” in Chapter 8.

About the codes in error messages: The number codes in error messages are used in software development. Sometimes they can help a technician narrow down the source of a problem. However, the codes are usually too general or technical in nature to help you diagnose a problem yourself.

Tips and Troubleshooting

When the computer starts up, a message says there is not enough memory.

m There may not be enough memory to load all the system software

extensions you’ve installed. Restart the computer, holding down the Shift key until you see the message “Extensions off” in the Welcome to Macintosh box. Then try the following to increase available memory:

m Reduce the size of the disk cache in the Memory control panel. m If you use a RAM disk, reduce its size or turn it off in the Memory

control panel.

m Remov e any system software extensions you don’t need from the

Extensions folder (inside the System Folder).

m Turn on virtual memory in the Memory control panel.

You need to restart the computer for these changes to take effect. m If these suggestions don’t work, you can increase memory by installing a

RAM expansion card in your computer. See Appendix C for information.

The computer won’t restart.

m If the computer freezes, you can try to “force” the program you’re usi ng to

quit by simultan eously pressing the keys Command (x), Option, and Esc on your keyboard. Th en click Force Quit in the dialog box that appears. (Note: Unsaved changes in any open documents will be lost.) Immediately save all open documents, quit all other open programs, and restart the computer.

m Press the reset button (marked with the icon I) on the back panel.

Note: You will lose any work you have not saved.

m If the problem recurs, reset the parameter RAM (see “The Computer

Makes an Unusual Sound at Startup,” earlier in this section). If the problem still occurs, see Chapter 8, “Diagnostic Techniques.”

Every time the computer starts up, it rebuilds the desktop.

m There may be a folder on your hard disk that has the same name as a file

the computer uses to keep track of information on your disks. Manually search for a folder named “Desktop” or “Desktop file.” If you find one, rename it “Storage.” Th en restart the computer. (Do not use the Find File command to search for the desktop file. It may find it but you may not be able to access it.)

Chapter 7

When the computer starts up, no icons appear in the windows, and the pointer alternates between an arrow and a wristwatch, or an empty flashing box appears.

m There is a problem with the display of windows. Restart the computer,

holding down the Option key until the desktop icons appear. (When the desktop appears, all windows will be closed.)

When I start up the computer, the display lights up for a moment, then shuts down.

m Make sure you are usi ng the correct power adapter for your computer

model and that the adapter is plugged into a worki ng outlet.

Problems working with programs

The computer freezes or displays a system error message.

m There may be a temporary software problem. To reset the computer, try the

fol lowing suggesti ons in order until the computer starts up normally:

1. If the computer freezes, you can try to quit the program you’re using by pressi ng the keys Command (x), Option, and Esc on your keyboard. Click Force Quit in the dialog box that appears. (You’ll lose unsaved cha nges in that program’s documents.)

Immediately save all open documents and quit all open programs, then restart the computer.

2. If you see a message about a system error, press the reset button (on the back of your Macintosh PowerBook) to restart the computer.

3. Reset the PRAM (see “The Computer Makes an Unusual Sound at Sta rtup” in the section “Problems Starting Up the Computer” earlier in this chapter for instructions).

m If the problem recurs, it may involve one or more of your application

programs. See “The Computer Exhibits Odd Behavior, Such as Many Unexplai ned System Failures,” next.

Tips and Troubleshooting

The computer exhibits odd behavior, such as many unexplained system failures.

m Check for multiple System Folders on your startup disk, using th e Find File

command. Throw away extra System Folders (but do not throw away any System Folders from your RAM Disk Backup folder). The System Folder that your computer is using has a small computer icon on it.

m Check for vir uses on all your disks, using a virus-detection program.

Eliminate any viruses the program finds.

m If a problem recurs when you are using a particular program, try the

following: m Consult the documentation that came with the program to make sure you

are using it correctly.

m Check for multiple copies of the program on your hard disk. Use the Get

Info command to check the programs’ version numbers. Keep one copy of the latest version and throw away all other copies.

m Reinstall the program from a known good source (such as the original

program disks or installer disks you made with Floppy Disk Maker).

m Increase the program’s memory. Quit the program, select its icon, choose

Get Info from the File menu, and type a larger number in the Preferred Size box.

m Contact the manufacturer or vendor of the program to find out whether

the program contains software er rors or “bugs” and whether an upgrade is available.

m Check that the program is compatible with System 7.5 (see the program’s

documentation, or contact the manufacturer or vendor).

m Make sure your control pan els and system software extensions

(especially any that you recently added) are compatible with your programs. See “Checking Your System Software Extensions” in Chapter 8.

Chapter 7

A program won’t open.

m The application program may already b e open. Check the Application

menu to see what programs are running.

m There may not be enough memory available to open the program. Quit any

programs you’re not using and try again. If that doesn’t work, try restarting the co mputer.

m If the program is on a floppy disk, make sure the disk is unlocked. (You

unlock a disk by sliding the tab at the corner of the disk so that it covers the hol e.)

m The program may be damaged. Reinstall the program from a known good

source (such as the original program disks).

m Contact the manufacturer or vendor of the program to see if the program is

compatible with System 7.5.

A program suddenly quits or disappears, or a message says a program has quit.

m There may be a temporary software problem. Restart the computer, then

try opening the program again.

m The program may have run out of memory. See the suggestions in “A

Message Says There is Not Enough Memory,” later in this section.

m If the problem occurs when you are trying to print, there may not be

enough memory for printing.

m Contact the manufacturer or vendor of the program to see if the program

contains software errors or “bugs” and if it is compatible with the version of system soft ware you’re using.

Tips and Troubleshooting

A message says there is not enough memory.

m There may be a temporary software problem. Save your work, quit all open

programs, and restart the computer. If you can’t restart, see the suggestions in “The Computer Freezes or Displays a System Error Message,” earlier in this se ction.

m If you get this message wh en you are trying to open or use a program,

follow th ese steps:

1. Choose About This Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu. Take note of the number in the “Largest Unused Block” section. This number tells you how much memory is available to open programs.

2. Quit the program if it’s open, select its icon, and choose Get Info from the File menu. Take note of the numbers in the Minimum Size and Preferred Size boxes.

3. If the number in the Minimum Size box is larger than the largest unused block, not enough memory is available to use this program. To free memory, quit open programs or restart the computer. You can also type a smaller number in the Minimum Size box if you want to open the program using less memory. (But some programs don’t work well if you assign t he m less memory.)

4. If the number in the Preferred Size box is smaller than the largest unused block, you may need to assign more memory to the program. (A program may need more memory if you are working with complex documents.) Type a larger number in the Preferred Size box.

m If you frequently want to open more programs than memory allows, try

the following : m Use the Memory control panel to reduce the size of the disk cache or to

remove or reduce the size of your RAM disk.

m Turn on virtual memory in the Memory control panel. m Install a RAM expa nsion card in your computer. See App endix C for

instructions.

Chapter 7

When I try to open a document, a message says the program can’t be found.

m The document may have been created with a program that is not on your

hard disk, or with a different version of the program.

m You can also open a document from within a program by using the Open

command in the File menu. For more information, see the documentation that came with your programs.

m If you know the correct program is on your hard disk, there may be a

problem with the information that the computer uses to keep track of files. Rest art the computer and hold down the Command (x) and Option keys until you see a message asking if you want to rebuild the desktop. Release the keys and click OK.

Note: If you have Macintosh Easy Open installed, you must turn off all extensions except the Macintosh Easy Op en control panel before rebuilding your desktop.

A window has disappeared.

m Another open window may be covering the one you’re looking for. Move,

resize, close, or hide windows until you see the one you want.

m The program the window is associated with may be hidden. Choose Show

All from the Application menu, then click the window you want, or choose the program from the Application menu.

Apple 190 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual