Apple 180 User Manual
Part I
Getting Started
Part II
Learning
Part III
Macintosh
User’s Guide
for Macintosh PowerBook 160 and 180 computers
Includes setup instructions and important health-related information
Reference
Part IV
Index
K Apple Computer , Inc.
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©Apple Computer, Inc., 1992
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(408) 996-1010
Apple, the Apple logo, APDA, AppleLink, AppleShare, AppleTalk, ImageWriter,
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Contents
Preface How to Use This Book xiii
Radio and television interference xv
Part I Getting Started With
n
Your Computer 1
Chapter 1 Setting Up Your Macintosh
PowerBook 1
Setting up the computer 2
Step 1: Plug in the power adapter 2
Step 2: Open the display 3
Step 3: Turn on the computer 4
Trouble? 5
Installing system software 6
Continuing your work 7
What to do next 8
Learning the basics 10
Before you begin 10
Finding the tour 11
Starting the tour from the hard disk 11
Starting the tour from a floppy disk 15
Turning the Powerbook on and off 17
Off 17
Sleep 18
On 19
On/off summary 19
When you turn on your computer 20
Restarting a computer that’s already on 21
Restarting a computer that can’t be turned on normally 21
Important care and safety instructions 23
± Warning 23
s Caution 24
S Important 25
Your computer at a glance 9
Health concerns associated with computer use 26
Repetitive stress injuries 26
Arranging your work space and equipment 27
iii
n Part II Learning Macintosh 31
Chapter 3 Creating and Changing
a Document 51
Chapter 2 Working on the Desktop 31
Use the trackball 32
Point 32
Click 33
Press 34
Drag 35
Choose a command 36
Giving orders to your computer 36
Open an icon 37
Look at the contents of a window 38
Make a window the active window 38
Make a window larger or smaller 40
Move the hidden contents of a window into view 42
Close a window 44
Move a window 45
What’s on the desktop? 46
Open a program 52
Create a document 53
Save your work 53
Switch programs 54
Close a document 56
Two types of programs 57
Open a document 57
Change a document 58
Save your work so far 61
Taking a shortcut 62
Make more changes 62
Quit a program 64
Opening and closing documents and programs 65
Make a copy of a document 65
Change the name of an icon 66
Use the Trash 67
Using the keyboard 49
iv Contents
Chapter 4 Working With Disks 69
Insert a floppy disk 70
n
Part III Macintosh R eference 87
Floppy disks and hard disks 71
Initialize a disk 72
Copy the contents of a disk 74
Taking care of floppy disks 75
Take a floppy disk out of its drive 76
Protect the contents of disk 77
On your own: Install your programs 78
Throw away extra System Folders 79
Chapter 5 Learning More About
Your Computer 81
Open the Battery desk accessory 82
Open the PowerBook control panel 82
Use Balloon Help 83
To turn off Balloon Help 84
Use Part III of this book 85
What next? 85
Chapter 6 Setting Up Your Programs 87
Installing or updating system software 87
Before you install 88
Installing system software 88
Installing customized system software 90
Starting up with a floppy disk 91
Installing your programs 92
Installing programs without a floppy disk drive 92
Checking for computer viruses 93
Working with several programs at a time 94
Finding out what programs are open 94
Switching programs 94
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop 94
Changing the amount of memory a program uses 95
Using the Scrapbook 96
Storing items in the Scrapbook 96
Copying items from the Scrapbook 96
Deleting items from the Scrapbook 96
Contents v
Using a RAM disk 97
Creating a RAM disk 97
Erasing a RAM disk 98
Resizing or removing a RAM disk 98
Making a RAM disk the startup disk 99
Chapter 7 P ower Management 101
Monitoring the battery charge level 101
Using the battery desk accessory 101
Responding to low-power messages 102
Recharging the battery 103
Recharging with the power adapter 103
Recharging with a recharger 105
Removing or replacing the battery 106
Maximizing battery life 107
Maximizing work time 108
Ways to conserve battery power 108
Adjusting the battery conservation settings 109
Using the battery conservation options 110
Chapter 8 Using Disks 113
Preparing a new disk for use 113
Initializing a hard disk 113
Initializing a floppy disk 115
Erasing a floppy disk 116
Designating a startup disk 116
Scanning order for startup disks 117
Protecting the information on a disk 117
Locking a floppy disk 117
Locking a file 118
Backing up your files 119
If you can’t save files on a floppy disk 119
Ejecting a disk 120
If you can’t eject a floppy disk 120
Caring for disks 121
Hard disk precautions 121
Testing and repairing disks 121
If a hard disk icon doesn’t appear 121
Using Disk First Aid 122
vi Contents
Testing a hard disk 124
Chapter 9 Organizing Your Files 125
Chapter 10 Sound, Color, and Video 139
Straightening up your files 125
Using folders to organize your files 126
Creating and naming folders 126
Filing documents when you save them 127
Making items easier to find 128
Creating an alias 128
Installing an item in the Apple menu 129
Moving an item to the desktop 129
Finding an item 130
Finding an item by name 130
Finding an item using other criteria 131
Finding items that meet two criteria 133
Ways to use the Find command 132
Creating a template or stationery 134
Getting information about your files 135
Using the Info window 135
Using the View menu 136
Setting the beep sound 139
Installing a sound 140
Removing a sound 141
Recording sounds 141
Displaying colors or grays 143
Changing the highlight color or gray 144
Changing the color of window borders 145
Changing the background pattern 146
Assigning a color to an icon 147
Changing the colors in the Label menu 148
Using more than one monitor 149
Using a second monitor for presentations 150
Controlling automatic screen dimming 151
Magnifying the screen image 152
Assigning a label to a file 136
Tips on transferring files 137
Contents vii
Chapter 11 Adapting Your Computer to
Your Own Use 155
Turning off the Empty Trash warning 170
Managing memory 171
Specifying which items you want opened at startup 156
Installing an item in the Apple menu 156
Installing files in the System Folder 156
Removing files from the System Folder 157
Changing the items in the Label menu 158
Setting the time and date 158
Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off 159
Turning the alarm off 160
Changing time and date formats 160
Changing the date format 161
Changing the time format 162
Changing number and currency formats 163
Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works 164
Adjusting the way the keyboard works 165
Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type 166
Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typing 166
Adjusting the blinking of a menu item 167
Checking memory use 171
Making the most of your memory 171
Adjusting the disk cache 172
Using hard disk space as memory 173
Turning on 32-bit addressing 174
Chapter 12 Printing 175
Before you print 175
Choosing a printer 175
Selecting Page Setup options 178
Updating printer software on networked computers 179
Printing your work 180
Printing the contents of a window or the desktop 181
Solutions to common printing problems 182
Controlling background printing 183
Adjusting the blinking of the insertion point 167
Changing the way the contents of windows appear 168
Changing an icon 169
viii Contents
Working with fonts 184
Working with files and folders on other computers 200
Outline fonts and bitmap fonts 184
Installing fonts 185
Removing fonts 186
Transferring fonts to a LaserWriter printer 186
Finding out about available fonts 188
Other ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility 188
Chapter 13 Using Your Computer
on a Network 191
What networking offers 191
Setting up your computer on a network 192
Connecting to a network 193
Turning on AppleTalk 193
Naming your computer and its owner 194
Gaining access to files on shared disks 195
Before you begin 195
Connecting to a shared disk 195
Disconnecting from a shared disk 197
Connecting quickly to a shared disk 198
Creating a new folder on another computer 200
Changing your password 200
Giving folder ownership to someone else 201
Sharing your own files 202
How file sharing works 202
Turning file sharing on 202
Turning on guest access 203
Selecting a folder or disk to share 204
Naming a registered user 205
Setting a registered user’s password 206
Naming a group of users 207
Seeing who’s in a group 207
Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk 208
Preventing specific users or guests from accessing your
computer 209
Removing a user from a group 211
Removing a user or group from your list of registered
users 211
Giving away ownership of a folder or disk on your
computer 211
Connecting automatically when you start up 198
Reconnecting a PowerBook to shared disks 199
Turning file sharing off 212
Monitoring file-sharing activity 213
Contents ix
Disconnecting someone who is connected to
your computer 213
Gaining access to your computer from another computer 214
Changing your password 215
Using access privileges 216
Understanding access privileges 216
Setting access privileges to folders and disks 217
Access privilege strategies 218
Working with privileges others have set 219
Checking your access privileges 220
Linking programs 220
Linking to a program on another computer 220
Disconnecting a program link 222
Allowing other people to link to your programs 222
Chapter 14 Expanding Your Computer
System 225
Using SCSI devices 225
Installing software 226
Setting SCSI ID numbers 226
Checking that the SCSI chain is properly terminated 228
Using your PowerBook as a SCSI disk 230
Connecting your computer as a SCSI disk 230
Simplifying the SCSI disk connection process 233
Using SCSI disk mode to reinstall system software 233
Drawing battery power in SCSI disk mode 234
Quitting SCSI disk mode 235
Using an external monitor 236
Connecting an external monitor 236
Activating the external monitor 238
Making the external monitor the main monitor 239
Working with an external monitor 240
Disconnecting an external monitor 241
Connecting a modem 242
Connecting a printer 243
Connecting a mouse or other ADB device 243
Using sound input and output devices 244
Built-in microphone 244
External microphone 244
Sound output devices 245
Adding memory to your computer 245
x Contents
Connecting cables 229
Chapter 15 Travel, Storage, and Service 247
Traveling with the PowerBook 247
Storing the PowerBook 248
Short-term storage (up to 2 weeks) 248
Long-term storage (more than 2 weeks) 249
Using the security feature 249
Service and support 249
If the PowerBook malfunctions or is damaged 249
How to get help 250
For more information about Macintosh computers 251
Macintosh user groups 251
Technical information 251
Quick Reference 253
Summary and Shortcuts 253
Shift-click 253
Working with icons 253
Working with windows 254
Working with menus 256
Troubleshooting 259
The PowerBook 259
SCSI devices 264
External monitors 265
Disk drives and disks 266
Modems 268
Printers 269
Networks 270
Application programs 272
Appendix A Keyboard and Character Sets 275
Using Caps Lock 276
Typing special characters and symbols 276
Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files with
MS-DOS Computers 279
Initializing a disk in MS-DOS format 279
Converting files to and from MS-DOS format 281
Other file-conversion options 283
Keyboard shortcuts in the Finder and in directory
dialog boxes 258
Contents xi
Appendix C Map 285
Setting your location 285
Comparing locations 286
Finding a location 287
Adding or removing a location 288
Adding a location 288
Changing or removing a location 288
n
Part IV Index 291
xii Contents
Preface
How to Use This Book
This book has several parts.
Certain kinds of information are not included in this book.
■ Information about modems. If your computer has a built-in
modem, or if you purchase one later, you receive a separate
modem manual with instructions for its use.
■ Chapter 1 explains how to set up your computer and learn
how to use it.
■ Chapters 2–5 are a tutorial designed for people who have not
used a Macintosh computer before. If you are new to the
Macintosh, you should read this section of the book before
you start your own work.
■ Chapters 6–15 contain reference information that will help
you as you become more proficient with your computer.
Youcan turn to these chapters for information about a
particular topic.
■ At the back of the book you’ll find a troubleshooting section
and an index.
■ Information about application programs. Your best source of
information about a particular program is the set of books and
disks that came with that program.
■ Technical specifications for your PowerBook model. These are
on a separate sheet in the box with your computer.
Turn now to Chapter 1 to set up your new PowerBook computer.
Welcome to Macintosh.
xiii
Radio and television interference
s
s
The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict
accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and
television reception.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part15 of FCC
rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection
against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by
turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer
or one of the peripheral devices.
If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television
reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following
measures:
■ Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.
■ Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio.
■ Move the computer farther away from the television or radio.
■ Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the
television or radio. (That is, make certain the computer and the television
or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)
Important: Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by
Apple Computer, Inc., could void the FCC Certification and negate your
authority to operate the product.
This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included
the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components. It
is important that you use shielded cables and connectors to reduce the
possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other
electronic devices. For Apple peripheral devices, you can obtain the proper
shielded cables from your authorized Apple dealer. For non-Apple
peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.
If necessary, consult your authorized Apple dealer or an experienced
radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find helpful the
following booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission:
Interference Handbook (stock number 004-000-00345-4). This booklet is
available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
Preface xvxv
s
s
Chapter 1
Setting Up Your
Macintosh P owerBook
In this chapter
n Setting up your computer
n Installing system software
n Learning how to use your computer
n New Macintosh users: If you have never used a Macintosh
computer before, read this entire chapter. It explains how
toset up your computer, learn how to use it, and turn it on
and off.
n New PowerBook users:If you have used other Macintosh
computers but are new to the PowerBook, follow the setup
instructions that begin on the next page and then go to the
section on turning the PowerBook on and off.
n Experienced PowerBook users:Skim this chapter for
information that applies to your computer.
n Turning the computer on and off
n Important care and safety instructions
n Being comfortable while you work
Important: No matter what your level of experience, please
read the safety information in this chapter before beginning
your own work. This information can help protect you and
your computer equipment from possible harm.
1
Setting up the computer
Step 1: Plug in the power adapter
Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s battery
while you work. You should plug it in now in case the battery has
drained during shipping and storage.
s Warning: Use only the power adapter that came with your
PowerBook computer. Adapters for other electronic devices
(including other portable computers) may look similar, but
they may damage your computer.
s
n Plug the power adapter into a standard electrical outlet
or power strip. Then plug the power adapter cable into
the power adapter port (¯) on the back panel of the
computer.
Power adapter port
2 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook
Step 2: Open the display
n Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display.
Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle. You can
adjust the angle of the display at any time.
Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 3
Step 3: Turn on the computer
n Open the door to the back panel of your computer.
n Press the power button (I) to turn the computer on.
Power button
You hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the
computer a moment to start up.
4 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook
n If you see a blinking question mark on your screen, you
needto install system software on the computer’s hard disk.
System software includes the programs the computer uses to
start itself up. Continue with the section “Installing System
Software.”
Trouble?
n The computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on
the screen.
Adjust the brightness (¤) and contrast (O) controls until an
image appears and the screen is easy to read.
Contrast control
n If you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen, the
computer is ready to use. You do not need to install system
software. Continue with the section “What to Do Next.”
Brightness control
n Nothing happened when you pressed the power button.
Make sure the power adapter is firmly connected to both
thecomputer and a power source. If the power adapter is
plugged into a power strip, make sure the power strip is
plugged in and turned on. Then try pressing the power
button again.
Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 5
Installing system software
System software is a set of programs that your computer uses to
start up and operate. To install system software on your hard disk,
follow these steps.
You do not need to install system software if you see the
Macintosh desktop on your screen when you turn on the
computer.
1. Find the Install Me First disk provided with your
computer. Insert the disk into the floppy disk drive
(metal end first, label side up).
Insert metal end first.
2. Press the Return key on your keyboard to continue.
The Easy Install dialog box appears. Easy Install puts the
system software that you’ll need right away onto your hard
disk.
3. Press the Return key again to start installing system
software.
Messages on your screen report how installation is
progressing.
4. When the computer prompts you, remove the Install
Me First disk and insert the next disk the computer
requests.
During installation, the computer automatically ejects a disk it
has finished with and requests the next disk it needs.
5. Insert the remaining disks as the computer
prompts you.
6. When you see a message reporting that installation was
successful, press the Return key once more to quit the
Installer program.
After a few moments, you’ll see the Welcome box of the
Installer, the program that installs system software on your
hard disk.
6 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook
If you see a message saying that installation was not
successful, you need to try again. Follow the instructions on
the screen.
Continuing your work
2. Roll the trackball around with your fingers.
Next you see a message that asks whether you want to continue
using your Macintosh. To continue working or to learn how to use
the computer, use the trackball to choose Restart.
1. Place the index and middle fingers of your dominant
hand on the trackball and the thumb of the same
hand on the lower trackball button. Don’t press either
button yet.
Notice that the arrow (8) on the screen moves in the direction
that you roll the trackball. For example, rolling the trackball to
the right moves the arrow to the right.
3. Roll the trackball so the arrow rests over the word
Restart.
Make sure that the tip of the arrow is inside the box with the
word Restart.
continues .
Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 7
4. Press and release one of the trackball buttons.
Both buttons do the same thing.
The screen darkens, you hear a sound, and then after a
moment the Macintosh desktop appears on the screen.
If nothing happens, try clicking the word Restart again. Make sure
that the tip of the arrow is inside the box with the word Restart.
What to do next
n If you have never used a Macintosh computer before,
continue with the section “Learning the Basics.”
n If you have never used a PowerBook computer before,
continue with the section “Turning the PowerBook On and
Off.” This section contains information that can help you use
your computer efficiently.
n If you are an experienced PowerBook user, you are ready to
start your own work.
8 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook
Your computer at a glance
Elevation feet
¯ Power adapter port
Security slot
g SCSI port (HDI-30)
V Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port
≈ Sound in port
¥ Interrupt button
™ Video out port
- Sound out port
[ Printer port
W Modem port
I Power button
P Reset button
Microphone
O Contrast control
¤ Brightness control
Floppy disk drive
Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 9
Learning the basics
Before you begin
The PowerBook comes with a tour and a tutorial to help you start
using your computer as quickly as possible.
n The Macintosh Basics tour teaches the most basic skills you
need to master before you can use your computer.
n The tutorial section of this book (Chapters 2–5) reviews the
basic skills taught in the tour, and teaches a few additional
skills you’ll find helpful as you become more proficient.
Take the Macintosh Basicstour first.
Make sure your computer is turned on. If the screen is dark, try
the following steps in order until you see the Macintosh desktop
on your screen.
1. Adjust the screen brightness and contrast controls.
If you see the Macintosh desktop, skip to “Finding the Tour.”
2. Press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock).
Pressing a key wakes the computer if it was in sleep (a powerconserving state described later in this chapter). If you see the
Macintosh desktop, skip to “Finding the Tour.”
3. Press the power button on the computer’s back panel.
Pressing the power button turns the computer on if it was off.
Continue with “Finding the Tour.”
10 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook
Finding the tour
Starting the tour from the hard disk
Your Macintosh Basicstour may be on a floppy disk, or it may be
on the computer’s hard disk.
n If the Macintosh desktop appeared on the screen when you
first turned on your computer, then the system software
andthe Macintosh Basics tour were installed on your
computer’s hard disk at the factory. Continue with the section
“Starting the Tour From the Hard Disk.”
n If you needed to install system software when you set up your
computer (as described in the previous section of this
chapter), then the Macintosh Basics tour is on a floppy disk in
the box with your computer. Locate the disk and continue
with the section “Starting the Tour From a Floppy Disk.”
1. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture
labeled “Macintosh HD.”
Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture, not over
the words “Macintosh HD.”
continues .
Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 11
2. Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the
trackball button twice in quick succession.
3. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of
the folder labeled “Macintosh Basics.”
Now your screen should look like the picture following step 3.
If it doesn’t, try steps 1 and 2 again, paying special attention to
the following:
n Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not
the words beneath it.
n Be sure to press the trackball button twice.
n Try pressing twice more quickly and be careful not to roll
the trackball while you press.
Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture, not over
the words “Macintosh Basics.”
The items in the illustration below may not exactly match
those on your screen. The only item you need right now is the
Macintosh Basics folder.
12 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook
4. Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the
trackball button twice in quick succession.
5. Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of
the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.”
Now your screen should look like the following illustration:
Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture of the man,
not over the words “Macintosh Basics.”
continues .
Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 13
6. Press the trackball button twice in quick succession.
Now your screen should look like the following picture:
If you don’t see this screen, try again, paying special attention
to the following:
n Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not
the words beneath it.
7. Follow the instructions on the screen and work through
the tour.
When you finish the tour, continue with “Turning the PowerBook
On and Off” and read the rest of this chapter for information that
can help you use your computer safely and efficiently. Then turn
to Chapter 2 and begin the tutorial.
n Be sure to press the trackball button twice.
n Try pressing twice more quickly and be careful not to roll
the trackball while you press.
14 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook
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