Apple 17-INCH User Manual

PowerBook G4 17-inch

(Legacy)

2003-03-01

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Introduction

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Introduction to PowerBook G4 17-inch 9

Organization of This Document 9

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch 11

PowerBook G4 17-inch Features 11 Appearance 12 Peripheral Devices 14 System Software 14

Open Firmware 14 Computer Identification 14 Power Saving Features 15

Architecture 17

Block Diagram and Buses 17

Block Diagram 17 Main ICs and Buses 18

Microprocessor and Caches 18

PowerPC G4 Microprocessor 18 Level 2 Cache 19 Level 3 Cache 19

Intrepid Controller and Buses 19

System RAM 20 Boot ROM 20 FireWire Controllers 20 Ethernet Controller 20 Video Display Subsystem 20

I/O Controller 21

DMA Support 21 Interrupt Support 22 USB Interface 22 Ultra ATA-100 Interface 22 ATA-33 Interface 22 Modem Support 22 Sound Circuitry 23 Power Controller 23 AirPort Extreme Interface 23 CardBus Controller IC 24

CONTENTS

Chapter 3

Devices and Ports 25

USB Ports 25

USB Connectors 25 USB Storage Devices 26

FireWire Ports 26

FireWire 400 Connector 26 FireWire 800 Connector 27 Booting from a FireWire Device 29

Target Disk Mode 29 Ethernet Port 29 Internal Modem 30 AirPort Extreme 31

Data Security 31

AirPort Extreme Hardware 32

AirPort Extreme Software 32 Bluetooth Technology 32 Hard Disk Drive 33

Hard Disk Dimensions 33

Hard Disk Connector 34 SuperDrive (DVD-R /CD-RW) 37 Trackpad 38 Keyboard 38

Changing the Operation of the Keyboard 39 Flat-Panel Display 44 External Monitors 45

Dual Display and Mirror Mode 45

Analog Monitor Resolutions 45

Digital Display Resolutions 46

DVI-I Connector 46 External Video Port 48 Sound System 49

Sound Inputs 49

Sound Outputs 50

Digitizing Sound 51

Chapter 4

Expansion Features 53

RAM Expansion Slots 53

Accessing the RAM Slots 53

Mechanical Design of DDR RAM SO-DIMMs 54

Electrical Design of DDR RAM SO-DIMMs 54

RAM SO-DIMM Electrical Limits 56 CardBus Slot 57

CONTENTS

Appendix A

Appendix B

Supplemental Reference Documents 59

Apple Technical Notes 59 3D Graphics 59 PowerPC G4 Microprocessor 59 Velocity Engine (AltiVec) 60 Mac OS X 60 I/O Kit 60 Open Firmware 60 RAM Expansion Modules 61 PC Card Manager 61 ATA Devices 62 USB Interface 62 FireWire Interface 62 Digital Visual Interface 63 Wireless Networks 63 Bluetooth 63

Abbreviations 65

Abbreviations and Standard Units 65 Other Abbreviations 65

CONTENTS

Figures and Tables

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch 11

Figure 1-1 Front view of the computer 13 Figure 1-2 Side views showing I/O ports 13

Architecture 17

Figure 2-1 Block diagram 17 Table 2-1 Buses supported by the Intrepid IC 19

Devices and Ports 25

Figure 3-1 USB Type A port 25 Figure 3-2 6-pin FireWire connector 27 Figure 3-3 9-pin FireWire 800 connector 28 Figure 3-4 Maximum dimensions of the internal hard disk 34 Figure 3-5 Hard disk connector and location 35 Figure 3-6 Keyboard layout 39 Figure 3-7 Alternate operations of function and control keys 40 Figure 3-8 Embedded numeric keypad operation 41 Figure 3-9 DVI-I connector 47 Figure 3-10 S-video connector 48 Table 3-1 Pin assignments on the USB port 25 Table 3-2 Pin assignments on the 6-pin FireWire connector 27 Table 3-3 Signals on the 9-pin FireWire 800 connector 28 Table 3-4 Signals for 10Base-T and 100Base-T operation 29 Table 3-5 Signals for 1000Base-T operation 30 Table 3-6 Pin assignments on the ATA hard disk connector 35 Table 3-7 Signals on the ATA hard disk connector 36 Table 3-8 Media read and written by the SuperDrive 37 Table 3-9 The function keys as control buttons 42 Table 3-10 Embedded keypad keys 43 Table 3-11 Control keys that change 43 Table 3-12 Picture sizes on the flat-panel display 44 Table 3-13 Picture sizes on an analog monitor 45 Table 3-14 Picture sizes on a digital display 46 Table 3-15 Main signals on the DVI-I connector 47 Table 3-16 MicroCross signals on the DVI-I connector 47 Table 3-17 Pin assignments for the S-video output connector 48 Table 3-18 Picture sizes for S-video output 48

FIGURES AND TABLES

Chapter 4

Expansion Features 53

Figure 4-1 Removing RAM expansion slot cover 53 Table 4-1 Sizes of RAM expansion modules and devices 55 Table 4-2 Types of DRAM devices 56

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to PowerBook G4 17-inch

Important: The information in this document is obsolete and should not be used for new development. Links to downloads and other resources may no longer be valid.

This developer note is a technical description of the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer. The note provides information about the computer’s internal design, input-output features, and expansion capabilities.

This developer note is intended to help hardware and software developers design products that are compatible with the Macintosh products described here. If you are not already familiar with Macintosh computers or if you would like additional technical information, you may wish to read thesupplementary reference documents described in Appendix A (page 59).

Organization of This Document

The information in this note is arranged in four chapters and two appendixes.

● Chapter 1, “Introduction”, (page 11) introduces the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer and describes its

features.

● Chapter 2, “Architecture”, (page 17) describes the internal logic of the computer, including the main ICs

that appear in the block diagram.

● Chapter 3, “Devices and Ports”, (page 25) describes the standard I/O ports and the built-in I/O devices.

● Chapter 4, “Expansion Features”, (page 53) describes the expansion features of interest to developers.

It includes development guides for expansion-bay devices, the RAM expansion modules, and the PC Card slot.

● Appendix A (page 59) contains links to supplemental reference documents.

● Appendix B (page 65) is a list of the abbreviations used in this developer note.

Organization of This Document 9

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to PowerBook G4 17-inch

Organization of This Document

CHAPTER 1

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch

This chapter outlines the features of the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer.

PowerBook G4 17-inch Features

Here is a list of the features of the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer. Each feature is described in a later chapter, as indicated.

● Processor The computer has a PowerPC G4 microprocessor running at a clock speed of 1 GHz. For more

information, see “PowerPC G4 Microprocessor” (page 18).

● System bus The speed of the system bus is 167 MHz.

● Cache location and speed In additionto the L2 cache, which is internal to the processor IC, the computer

also has a 1MB 5:1 L3 cache. See “Level 2 Cache” (page 19) and “Level 3 Cache” (page 19).

● RAM The computer has two standard PC2700 (333 MHz) DDR SO-DIMM expansion slots for SDRAM

modules. The computer comes with 512 MB of SDRAM installed in one slot. See “RAM Expansion

Slots” (page 53).

● ROM The computer has 1 MB of boot ROM used by Open Firmware at startup. For information about

the ROM, see “Boot ROM” (page 20). For information about Open Firmware, see “Open Firmware” (page

60).

● Hard disk storage The computer comes with a built-in hard disk drive with a capacity of 60 GB. For more

information, see “Hard Disk Drive” (page 33).

● Display The display is a 100 dpi,17 inch wide-screen TFT with a resolution of 1440x900. See “Flat-Panel

Display” (page 44).

● External monitor The computer supports an external video monitor, using the DVI connector for a digital

video display and an S-video connector for a PAL or NTSC video monitor. Included with the computer are a DVI-to-VGA adapter and an S-video-to-composite adapter; a DVI-to-ADC Apple Display Connector adapter is available separately. See “External Monitors” (page 45).

● Graphics IC and memory The nVidia GeForce4 440 Go graphics controller operates on the AGP-4x bus

along with 64 MB of DDR video SRAM. For more information, see “Video Display Subsystem” (page 20).

● Battery bay The computer has a single battery bay. The battery uses lithium ion cells and provides 55

watt-hours at 10.8 V (nominal) for up to 4.5 hours.

● Power adapter The computer comes with a 65 W power adapter with safety ground.

● SuperDrive (DVD-R/CD-RW drive) The computer has a built-in DVD-R/CD-RW SuperDrive drive. For

more information, see “SuperDrive (DVD-R /CD-RW)” (page 37).

PowerBook G4 17-inch Features 11

CHAPTER 1

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch

● CardBus slot The computer has a CardBus slot that accepts one Type I or Type II PC Card or a CardBus

Card. For more information, see “CardBus Slot” (page 57).

● USB ports The computer has two USB 1.1ports for an external keyboard, a mouse, andother USBdevices,

described in “USB Ports” (page 25).

● FireWire ports The computer has one IEEE-1394a 400 Mbps serial FireWire 400 port and one IEEE-1394b

800 Mbps serial FireWire 800 port. For more information, see “FireWire Ports” (page 26).

● Target disk mode The PowerBook G4 17-inch computer can act like a FireWire storage device connected

to another computer. See “Target Disk Mode” (page 29).

● Modem The computer has a built-in modem with 56 Kbps data rate and V.34, V.90, and V.92 support.

For more information, see “Internal Modem” (page 30).

● Ethernet The computer has a built in Ethernet port with an RJ-45 connector for 10Base-T, 100Base-T,

and 1000Base-T operation. For more information, see “Ethernet Port” (page 29).

● AirPort Extreme The fully-integrated, 54 Mbps AirPort Extreme provides a wireless LAN connection. For

more information, see “AirPort Extreme” (page 31).

● Bluetooth support Fully-integrated Bluetooth support enablesshort-range wireless connections between

desktop and laptop computers and a host of other peripheral devices. For more information, see

“Bluetooth Technology” (page 32).

● Sound The computer has a built-in microphone, stereo speakers, a stereo headphone jack, and a sound

input jack. See “Sound System” (page 49).

● Keyboard The keyboard has an embedded numeric keypad and inverted-T arrow keys. Some of the

function keys are used to control the display brightness and speaker volume. See “Keyboard” (page 38).

● Trackpad The integrated trackpad includes tap/double-tap and drag features and palm-rejection

capabilities. For more information, see “Trackpad” (page 38).

● Weight The basic configuration weighs 6.8 pounds.

● Size The computer is 15.4 inches (39.2 cm ) wide, 10.2 inches (25.9 cm) deep, and 1.0 inches (2.6 cm)

thick.

● Illuminated keyboard The computer has abacklit keyboard for optimal usability in all lighting conditions.

For more information, see “Keyboard” (page 38).

● Ambient light sensor The computer has an ambient light sensor which monitors lightlevels and activates

the illuminated backlit keyboard and adjusts the display brightness.

Appearance

Figure 1-1 (page 13) is a front view of the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer. Figure 1-2 (page 13) provides

side views showing the I/O ports.

Appearance

CHAPTER 1

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch

Figure 1-1 Front view of the computer

Figure 1-2 Side views showing I/O ports

Appearance 13

CHAPTER 1

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch

Peripheral Devices

Included with the computer are a 65 W Apple Portable Power Adapter, an S-video-to-composite cable, and a DVI-to-VGA cable. In addition to these devices, the following peripheral devices are available separately:

● The PowerBook G4 Rechargeable Battery is available as an additional or replacement battery.

● The 65 W Apple Portable Power Adapter, which comes with the computer, is also available separately.

The adapter can fully recharge a completely depleted battery in three hours or less while the computer is shut down or in sleep mode.

● The Apple DVI to ADC Adapter, which enables the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer to support Apple’s

ADC displays.

● The Apple Pro Keyboard, a full-featured USB keyboard.

● The Apple Pro Mouse, an optical USB mouse.

● The AirPort Extreme Base Station.

● A power cable for use on airliners is also available. The airline power cable should have a sense resistor

of 24.3 K ohms +/-5% connected between the power plug's shell and ground. For more information, see

“Power Controller” (page 23).

System Software

The PowerBook G4 17-inch computer comes with Mac OS X version 10.2. For the latest information, see the references listed in “Mac OS X” (page 60).

Here are a few items of interest about the system software on the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer.

Open Firmware

System software on all current Macintosh models uses a design based on Open Firmware. With this approach, the ROM on the main logic board contains only the Open Firmware code needed to initialize the hardware and load an operating system. The rest of the system code is loaded into RAM from disk or from the network. For more information, see the references listed in “Open Firmware” (page 60).

Computer Identification

Rather than reading the box flag or the model string and then making assumptions about the computer’s features, applications that need to find out the features of the computer should use IORegistry calls to test for the features they require. IORegistry calls are part of the I/O Kit API. For more information, see the references listed at “I/O Kit” (page 60).

Peripheral Devices

CHAPTER 1

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch

Asset management software that reports the kind of computer it is running on can obtain the value of the model property from the IOService plane of the IORegistry. For the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer, the value of the model property is PowerBook5,1.

Power Saving Features

The PowerBook G4 17-inch computer has several profiles to save power. These profiles are labeled on the Energy Saver panel of System Preferences.

Reduced Processor Performance

The PowerBook G4 17-inch computer reduces both processor speed and voltage to save power. Reduced processor speed allows the software to change the processor’s clock speed, slowing down to conserve power or speeding up when more speed is needed. The slower clock speed is 667 MHz and the L3 cache is turned off.

The user interface for the reduced processor speed is located in the options tab under the Energy Saver panel in System Preferences.

Operating Modes

The power management protocols on the PowerBook G4 17-inch computersupport two power-saving modes: idle and sleep.

● Idle: The system is idling with the main processor stopped in a halted, low-power state. All clocks are

running; the system can return to running code within a few nanoseconds. Cache coherency is maintained in this state.

● Sleep: The system is completely shut down, with only the DRAM state preserved for quick recovery. All

processors are powered off with their state preserved in DRAM. All clocks in the system are suspended except for the 32.768 kHz timebase crystal on the PMU99 IC.

The computer automatically enters idle mode after several seconds of inactivity. If the computer is attached to a network, it is able to respond to service requests and other events directed to the computer while it is in idle mode.

While it is connected to an AC power supply, the computer can also respond to network activity when it is in sleep mode. The user can enable this feature by selecting Wake-on-LAN in the Energy Saver panel of System Preferences.

When operating on the battery in sleep mode, the computer consumes less than 1 watt of power, meeting the Energy Star power-saving standard. When operating on the power adapter in sleep mode, the combined computer and adapter consume 3 to 4 watts of power.

Important: Peripherals such as PCMCIA cards and USB devices that do not conform to the computer’s power management protocols preventthe computer from switching to sleep mode and so deny the user the benefits of this energy-saving mode. When such peripherals are attached to the computer, the operating system displays a dialog to inform the user that the computer no longer meets the Energy Star requirements.

System Software 15

CHAPTER 1

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch

System Software

CHAPTER 2

Architecture

This chapter describes the architecture of the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer. It includes information about the major components on the main logic board: the microprocessor, the other main ICs, and the buses that connect them to each other and to the I/O interfaces.

Block Diagram and Buses

This section is an overview of the major ICs and buses on the computer’s main logic board.

Block Diagram

Figure 2-1 (page 17) is a simplified block diagram of the main logic board. The diagram shows the input and

output connectors, the main ICs, and the buses that connect them together.

Figure 2-1 Block diagram

Block Diagram and Buses 17

CHAPTER 2

Architecture

Main ICs and Buses

The architecture of the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer is designed around the PowerPC G4 microprocessor and Intrepid IC that contains the memory controller and I/O device controller.

The PowerPC G4 microprocessor is connected to the Intrepid IC by a MaxBus bus. The bus clock speed is 167 MHz. Other buses that connect with the Intrepid IC are summarized in Table 2-1 (page 19), which is in the section “Intrepid Controller and Buses” (page 19).

The Intrepid I/O controller has a 32-bit PCI bus with a bus clock speed of 33 MHz. That bus also connects to the Boot ROM and the CardBus controller. The Intrepid IC has other buses that connect with the hard disk drive and the optical drive, the power controller IC, the sound IC, the internal modem module, and the wireless LAN module.

Each of the components listed here is described in one of the following sections.

Microprocessor and Caches

The microprocessor communicates with the rest of the system by way of a 64-bit MaxBus bus to the Intrepid IC. The microprocessor has a separate bus to its internal second-level cache.

PowerPC G4 Microprocessor

The PowerPC G4 microprocessor used in the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer has many powerful features, including an efficient pipelined system bus called MaxBus.

Features of the PowerPC G4 include

● 32-bit PowerPC implementation

● superscalar PowerPC core

● Velocity Engine (AltiVec technology): 128-bit-wide vector execution unit

● dual 32 KB instruction and data caches

● an on-chip level 2 (L2) cache consisting of 256 KB with a clock speed ratio of 1:1

● high bandwidth MaxBus (also compatible with 60x bus)

● fully symmetric multiprocessing capability

The PowerPC G4 microprocessor in the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer runs at a clock speed of 1 GHz.

Microprocessor and Caches

CHAPTER 2

Architecture

Level 2 Cache

The data storage for the L2 cache consists of 256 KB of fast static RAM that is built into the microprocessor chip along with the cache controller and tag storage. The built-in L2 cache runs at the same clock speed as the microprocessor.

Level 3 Cache

The data storage for the L3 cache is 1 MB of DDR SRAM running at a clock speed ratio of 5:1. The tag storage for the L3 cache is built into the microprocessor.

Intrepid Controller and Buses

The Intrepid IC provides cost and performance benefits by combining several functions into a single IC. It contains the memory controller, the PCI bus bridge, the Ethernet and FireWire interfaces, and the AGP interface.

Each of the separate communication channels in the Intrepid IC can operate at its full capacity without degrading the performance of the other channels.

In addition to the buses listed in Table 2-1 (page 19), the Intrepid IC also has separate interfaces to the physical layer (PHY) ICs for Ethernet and FireWire, and an IIC (inter-IC control bus) interface that is used for configuring the memory subsystem.

Table 2-1 Buses supported by the Intrepid IC

Bus clock speedWidth of data pathDestinationsBus

167 MHz64 bitsMicroprocessorMaxBus

333 MHz64 bitsSystem RAMMemory

33 MHz32 bitsAirPort Extreme, CardBus, Boot ROMPCI

66 MHz32 bitsGraphics ICAGP4X

100 Mbps16 bitsHard driveUltra ATA-100

33 MHhz16 bitsSuperDriveATA-33

The microprocessor and the I/O controller IC are described in their own sections. The following sections describe the other subsystems that are connected to the Intrepid IC.

Intrepid Controller and Buses 19

CHAPTER 2

Architecture

System RAM

The memory subsystem in the PowerBook G4 17-inch computersupports twoslots for 333 MHz DDR (PC2700) SO-DIMMs (small-outline dual inline memory modules). The data bus to the RAM and DIMM is 64 bits wide, and the memory interface is synchronized to the MaxBus bus interface at 167 MHz. See “RAM Expansion

Slots” (page 53).

Boot ROM

The boot ROM is connected to the Intrepid IC by way of the high byte of the PCI bus plus three additional control signals: chip select, write enable, and output enable. The boot ROM is a 1 MB by 8 bit device.

FireWire Controllers

The Intrepid IC FireWire controller supports IEEE 1394a for a maximum data rate of 400 Mbps (50 MBps) and IEEE 1394b for a maximum data rate of 800 Mbps (100 MBps). The Intrepid IC provides DMA (direct memory access) support for the FireWire interface.

The controller in the Intrepid IC implements the FireWire link layer. A physical layer IC, called a PHY, implements the electrical signaling protocol of the FireWire interface and provides the electrical signals to the port. For more information, see “FireWire 400 Connector” (page 26) and “FireWire 800 Connector” (page 27).

Ethernet Controller

The Intrepid IC includes an Ethernet media access controller (MAC) that implements the link layer. The Intrepid IC provides DB-DMA support for the Ethernet interface.

The Ethernet controller in the Intrepid IC is connected to a PHY interface IC that provides the electrical signals to the port. The PHY is capable of operating in either 10Base-T, 100Base-T, or 1000Base-T mode: The actual speed of the link is automatically negotiated by the PHY and the bridge or router to which it is connected. For more information, see “Ethernet Port” (page 29).

The PHY supports Auto-MDIX, which allows the use of straight-through cables in crossover situations (and conversely). For more information, see “Ethernet Port” (page 29).

Video Display Subsystem

The video display subsystem contains the graphics controller IC along with 64 MB of DDR SDRAM memory. The graphicsIC, an nVidia GeForce4 440 Go, contains 2D and 3D acceleration engines, front-end and back-end scalers, a CRT controller, and an AGP4x bus interface with bus master capability.

The features of the nVidia GeForce4 440 Go include

● graphics processor clock speed of 189 MHz

● memory clock speed of 202.5 MHz

Intrepid Controller and Buses

CHAPTER 2

Architecture

● support for 64 MB of DDR video memory with 128-bit interface

● 2D and 3D graphics acceleration

● transform acceleration

● lighting acceleration

● video acceleration

● support for MPEG decoding

● support for video mirror mode

● support for dual-display mode

● S-video output for a TV monitor

The interface between the graphics IC and the rest of the system is an AGP4x (accelerated graphics port, quadruple speed) bus on the Intrepid IC. The AGP bus has 32 data lines, a clock speed of 66 MHz, and supports deeply pipelined read and write operations.

The graphics IC uses a graphics address remapping table (GART) to translate AGP logical addresses into physical addresses. The graphics driver software can allocate memory in both the graphics SDRAM and the main memory.

The graphics IC supports the internal flat-panel display and an external monitor. The external monitor can either mirror the built-in display or show additional desktop space (dual-display mode). For information about the displays and supported resolutions, see “Flat-Panel Display” (page 44) and “External Monitors” (page

45).

I/O Controller

The I/O controller IC in the PowerBook G4 17-inch computer is a custom IC called Intrepid. It provides the interface and control signals for the devices and functions described in the following sections.

Note: In the device tree, the I/O controller is named “mac-io”.

DMA Support

The Intrepid IC provides DB-DMA (descriptor-based direct memory access) support for the following I/O channels:

● Ultra DMA ATA interface to the the internal hard drive

● modem slot interface to the built-in modem

● IIS channel to the sound IC

I/O Controller 21

+ 47 hidden pages

Apple 17-INCH User Manual

Contents

Figures and Tables

INTRODUCTION

Overview of PowerBook G4 17-inch

PowerBook G4 17-inch Features

Appearance

Peripheral Devices

System Software

Open Firmware

Computer Identification

Power Saving Features

Reduced Processor Performance

Operating Modes

Architecture

Block Diagram and Buses

Block Diagram

Main ICs and Buses

Microprocessor and Caches

PowerPC G4 Microprocessor

Level 2 Cache

Level 3 Cache

Intrepid Controller and Buses

System RAM

Boot ROM

FireWire Controllers

Ethernet Controller

Video Display Subsystem

I/O Controller

DMA Support