Anritsu S331C, S332C, S114C, S113C User Manual

Download

Site Master

S113C, S114C,

S331C, and S332C

Antenna, Cable and

Spectrum Analyzer

User's Guide

Hand-Held Tester for Transmission Lines

and other RF Components

Color Front Cover only P/N: 00986-00044

WARRANTY

The Anritsu product(s) listed on the title page is (are) warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of shipment. Anritsu's obligation covers repairing or replacing products which prove to be defec tive during the warranty period. Buyers shall prepay transportation charges for equipment returned to Anritsu for warranty repairs. Obligation is limited to the origi nal purchaser. Anritsu is not liable for consequential damages.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

The foregoing warranty does not apply to Anritsu connectors that have failed due to normal wear. Also, the warranty does not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the Buyer, unauthorized modification or misuse, or op eration outside the environmental specifications of the product. No other warranty is expressed or implied, and the remedies provided herein are the Buyer's sole and exclusive remedies.

TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

MS-DOS, Windows, Windows 95, Windows NT, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows ME and Windows XP are registered trademarks of the Microsoft Corporation. Anritsu and Site Master are trademarks of Anritsu Company.

NOTICE

Anritsu Company has prepared this manual for use by Anritsu Company personnel and customers as a guide for the proper installation, operation and maintenance of Anritsu Company equipment and computer programs. The drawings, specifications, and information contained herein are the property of Anritsu Company, and any unauthorized use or disclosure of these drawings, specifications, and information is prohibited; they shall not be reproduced, copied, or used in whole or in part as the basis for manufacture or sale of the equipment or software programs without the prior written consent of Anritsu Company.

UPDATES

Updates to this manual, if any, may be downloaded from the Anritsu internet site at: http://www.us.anritsu.com.

June 2002 10580-00060 Copyright ã 2001-2002 AnritsuCo. Revision: C

Chapter 1 - General Information

Introduction ..................................1-1

Description...................................1-1

Standard Accessories .............................1-1

Options.....................................1-2

Printers .....................................1-2

Optional Accessories..............................1-3

Performance Specifications ..........................1-4

Preventive Maintenance ............................1-6

Calibration ...................................1-6

InstaCal Module ................................1-7

Annual Verification ..............................1-7

ESD Precautions ................................1-7

Chapter 2 - Functions and Operations

Introduction ..................................2-1

Test Connector Panel .............................2-1

12.5-15VDC (1100 mA) .........................2-1

Battery Charging .............................2-1

External Power ..............................2-1

Serial Interface ..............................2-1

RFOut...................................2-1

RFIn ...................................2-1

RF Detector ................................2-1

Front Panel Overview .............................2-2

Function Hard Keys ..............................2-3

MODE...................................2-3

FREQ/DIST ................................2-3

AMPLITUDE ...............................2-3

SWEEP ..................................2-3

Keypad Hard Keys...............................2-4

Soft Keys....................................2-6

FREQ/DIST ...............................2-10

Frequency Menu .............................2-10

Distance Menu ..............................2-10

Distance Sub-Menu ...........................2-10

AMPLITUDE ..............................2-12

Amplitude Menu .............................2-12

SWEEP .................................2-13

Sweep Menu ...............................2-13

MARKER ................................2-15

LIMIT ..................................2-16

SYS ...................................2-17

Power Monitor Menu.............................2-18

Symbols....................................2-19

Self Test ...................................2-19

Error Codes ..................................2-19

Self Test Errors ..............................2-19

Range Errors................................2-21

InstaCal Error Messages..........................2-22

Battery Information..............................2-24

Charging a New Battery ...........................2-24

Charging the Battery in the Site Master ..................2-24

Charging the Battery in the Optional Charger...............2-24

Determining Remaining Battery Life.....................2-25

Battery Life ................................2-26

Important Battery Information ........................2-27

Chapter 3 - Getting Started

Introduction ..................................3-1

Power On Procedure ..............................3-1

Site Master Mode ...............................3-2

Selecting the Frequency or Distance ....................3-2

Calibration .................................3-2

Calibration Verification...........................3-3

Manual Calibration Procedure .......................3-4

InstaCal Module Verification........................3-5

InstaCal Module Calibration Procedure ..................3-6

Calibration with the Test Port Extension Cable ..............3-6

Setting the Scale ..............................3-7

Auto Scale .................................3-7

Amplitude Scale ..............................3-7

Set the Distance and Cable Type ......................3-7

Spectrum Analyzer Mode ...........................3-9

Selecting Spectrum Analyzer Mode ....................3-9

Making a Measurement...........................3-9

Selecting the Frequency ..........................3-9

Selecting the Span .............................3-9

Selecting the Amplitude ..........................3-9

Selecting Bandwidth Parameters .....................3-10

Selecting Sweep Parameters........................3-10

Adjusting Attenuator Settings.......................3-11

Site Master and Spectrum Analyzer Modes .................3-12

Save and Recall a Setup ...........................3-12

Saving a Setup...............................3-12

Recalling a Setup .............................3-12

Save and Recall a Display ..........................3-12

Saving a Display..............................3-12

Recalling a Display ............................3-12

Changing the Units ..............................3-13

Changing the Display Language .......................3-13

Adjusting Markers ..............................3-13

Adjusting Limits ...............................3-13

Adjusting the Display Contrast........................3-15

Setting the System Language.........................3-15

Setting the System Impedance ........................3-15

Printing ....................................3-16

Printing a Screen .............................3-16

Printer Switch Settings ..........................3-17

Using the Soft Carrying Case.........................3-18

Chapter 4 - Cable & Antenna Measurements

Introduction ..................................4-1

Line Sweep Fundamentals...........................4-1

Information Required for a Line Sweep ....................4-2

Typical Line Sweep Test Procedures .....................4-3

System Return Loss Measurement .....................4-3

Insertion Loss Measurement ........................4-4

Distance-To-Fault (DTF) Transmission Line Test .............4-8

Resolution..................................4-9

Antenna Subsystem Return Loss Test...................4-10

Chapter 5 - Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Spectrum Analyzer Fundamentals.......................5-1

Site Master Spectrum Analyzer Features ...................5-3

AM/FM Modulation ..............................5-3

Amplitude Modulation ...........................5-3

Frequency Modulation ...........................5-4

Field Strength Measurements .........................5-6

Creating a Spectral Mask ...........................5-7

Trace Overlay .................................5-9

Occupied Bandwidth .............................5-10

Percent of Power Method .........................5-10

XdB Down Method ............................5-10

Required Equipment............................5-10

Procedure .................................5-10

Channel Power Measurement ........................5-12

GSM Channel Power Measurement .....................5-12

Required Equipment............................5-12

Procedure .................................5-13

Adjacent Channel Power Ratio........................5-15

GSM Adjacent Channel Power Measurement ................5-15

Required Equipment............................5-15

Procedure .................................5-15

Measurement Applications ..........................5-17

Resolving Closely Spaced Signals ......................5-17

Measurement of Two Signals Having Equal Amplitudes ........5-17

Measurement of Two Signals Having Unequal Amplitudes .......5-19

iii

Out-of-Band Spurious Emissions.......................5-23

Out-of-Band Spurious Emission Measurement ...............5-23

Required Equipment............................5-23

Procedure .................................5-23

In-band/Out-of-Channel Measurements ...................5-25

In-band Spurious Measurement ......................5-25

Required Equipment............................5-25

Procedure .................................5-25

Field Strength.................................5-27

Required Equipment............................5-27

Procedure .................................5-27

Antenna Calculations ...........................5-28

Chapter 6 - Power Measurement

Introduction ..................................6-1

Power Measurement ..............................6-1

Chapter 7 - Software Tools

Introduction ..................................7-1

Features ....................................7-1

System Requirements .............................7-1

Installation ...................................7-2

Communication Port Setting ........................7-2

Interface Cable Installation .........................7-3

Using Software Tools .............................7-3

Downloading Traces ..............................7-3

Plot Capture to the PC .............................7-4

Plot Upload to the Instrument .........................7-4

Plot Properties .................................7-4

Trace Overlay or Plot Overlay .......................7-5

Saving Traces ................................7-6

Creating a Database.............................7-7

Printing Formats ..............................7-7

Entering Antenna Factors in Software Tools................7-7

Uploading Antenna Factors.........................7-8

Downloading Antennas ...........................7-9

Appendix A - Reference Data

Coaxial Cable Technical Data.........................A-1

Appendix B - Windowing

Introduction ..................................B-1

Examples ...................................B-1

Chapter 1 General Information

Introduction

This chapter provides a description, performance specifications, optional accessories, pre ventive maintenance, and calibration requirements for the Site Master models S113C, S114C, S331C, and S332C. Throughout this manual, the term Site Master will refer to the models S113C, S114C, S331C, and S332C.

Model

S113C S114C S331C S332C

Frequency Range

2 to 1600 MHz 2 to 1600 MHz, 100 kHz to 1600 MHz Spectrum Analysis 25 to 4000 MHz 25 to 4000 MHz, 100 kHz to 3000 MHz Spectrum Analysis

Description

The Site Master is a hand held SWR/RL (standing wave ratio/return loss), and Distance-ToFault (DTF) measurement instrument that includes a built-in synthesized signal source. All models include a keypad to enter data and a liquid crystal display (LCD) to provide graphic indications of SWR or RL over the selected frequency range and selected distance. The Site Master is capable of up to 2.5 hours of continuous operation from a fully charged field-replaceable battery and can be operated from a 12.5 dc source. Built-in energy conservation features can be used to extend battery life over an eight-hour work day.

The Site Master is designed for measuring SWR, return loss, or cable insertion loss and locating faulty RF components in antenna systems. Power monitoring is available as an option. Site Master models S114C and S332C include spectrum analysis capability. The displayed trace can be scaled or enhanced with frequency markers or limit lines. A menu option provides for an audible “beep” when the limit value is exceeded. To permit use in low-light environments, the LCD can be back lit using a front panel key.

Standard Accessories

The Software Tools PC-based software program provides a database record for storing measurement data. Site Master Software Tools can also convert the Site Master display to a Microsoft Windowsä 95/98/NT4/2000/ME/XP workstation graphic. Measurements stored in the Site Master internal memory can be downloaded to the PC using the included null-modem serial cable. Once stored, the graphic trace can be displayed, scaled, or en hanced with markers and limit lines. Historical graphs can be overlaid with current data, and underlying data can be extracted and used in spreadsheets or for other analytical tasks.

The Site Master Software Tools program can display all of the measurements made with the Site Master (SWR, return loss, cable loss, distance-to-fault) as well as providing other func tions, such as converting display modes and Smith charts. Refer to Chapter 7, Software Tools, for more information.

1-1

Chapter 1 General Information

The following items are supplied with the basic hardware.

Soft Carrying Case

AC-DC Adapter

Automotive Cigarette Lighter 12 Volt DC Adapter,

CDROM disk containing the Software Tools program. This program contains Fault Lo

cation (DTF) and Smith Chart functions Serial Interface Cable (null modem type)

One year Warranty (includes battery, firmware, and software)

User's Guide

Options

Option 5 — Add Power Monitor

RF Detector, 1 to 3000 MHz, N(m) input connector, 50 Ohms, Part No. 5400-71N50

RF Detector, 0.01 to 20 GHz, N(m) input connector, 50 Ohms, Part No. 560-7N50B

Printers

2000-766 HP DeskJet Printer, with Interface Cable, Black Print Cartridge,

and U.S. Power Cable

2000-1206 Black Print Cartrige for HP350 DeskJet

2000-1207 Rechargeable Battery Pack for HP 350 DeskJet

2000-753 Serial-to-Parallel Converter Cable

2000-663 Power Cable (Europe) for DeskJet Printer

2000-664 Power Cable (Australia) for DeskJet Printer

2000-665 Power Cable (U.K.) for DeskJet Printer

2000-667 Power Cable (So. Africa) for DeskJet Printer

2000-1008 Sieko DPU-414-30BU Thermal Printer with Internal

Battery, Thermal Printer Paper, Serial Cable, Power Cable

2000-755 Five rolls of Thermal Paper

2000-1002 U.S. Adapter for Seiko DPU-414-30B

2000-1003 Euro Adapter for Seiko DPU-414-30B

2000-1194 Japan Adapter for Seiko DPU-414-30B

2000-1004 Battery Pack Adapter for Seiko DPU-414-30B

2000-1012 Serial 9-pin male to 9-pin female cable for Seiko DPU-414-30B

2000-1046 Serial-to-parallel Converter Cable w/ DIP switch labeling, 36-pin

female Centronics to DB25 female

1-2

Chapter 1 General Information

Optional Accessories

Part Number Description

10580-00061 S113C, S114C, S331C, S332C Programming Manual (on disk only) 10580-00062 S113C/S331C Maintenance Manual 10580-00068 S114C/S332C Maintenance Manual 760-215A Transit Case for Site Master 633-27 Rechargeable Battery, NiMH 2000-1029 Battery Charger with universal power supply, NiMH only 48258 Soft Carrying Case 40-115 AC Adaptor Power Supply 806-62 Cable Assy, Cig Plug, Female 800-441 Serial Interface Cable Assy 551-1691 USB Adapter Cable 2300-347 Software Tools CD ICN50 InstaCal™ Calibration Module, 50 Ohm, 2 MHz to 4.0 GHz, N(m) OSLN50LF Anritsu Precision N (m) Open/Short/Load, 42 dB OSLNF50LF Anritsu Precision N (f) Open/Short/Load, 42 dB 22N50 Anritsu Precision N (m) Short/Open 22NF50 Anritsu Precision N (f) Short/Open SM/PL Site Master Precision N (m) Load, 42 dB SM/PLNF Site Master Precision N (f) Load, 42 dB 2000-767 7/16 (m) Precision Open/Short/Load 2000-768 7/16 (f) Precision Open/Short/Load 34NN50A Adapter, Precision N (m) to N (m) 34NFNF50 Adapter, Precision N (f) to N (f) 510-90 Adapter, 7/16 (f) to N (m) 510-91 Adapter, 7/16 (f) to N (f) 510-92 Adapter, 7/16 (m) to N (m) 510-93 Adapter, 7/16 (m) to N (f) 510-96 Adapter, 7/16 DIN (m) to 7/16 DIN (m) 510-97 Adapter, 7/16 DIN (f) to 7/16 DIN (f) 15NNF50-1.5C Armored Test Port Extension Cable, 1.5 meter, N (m) to N (f) 15NNF50-3.0C Armored Test Port Extension Cable, 3.0 meter, N (m) to N (f) 15NNF50-5.0C Armored Test Port Extension Cable, 5.0 meter, N (m) to N (f) 15NN50-1.5C Armored Test Port Extension Cable, 1.5 meter, N (m) to N (m) 15NN50-3.0C Armored Test Port Extension Cable, 3.0 meter, N (m) to N (m) 15NN50-5.0C Armored Test Port Extension Cable, 5.0 meter, N (m) to N (m) 15NDF50-1.5C Armored Test Port Extension Cable, 1.5 meter, N (m) to 7/16 DIN (f) 15ND50-1.5C Armored Test Port Extension Cable, 1.5 meter, N (m) to 7/16 DIN (m) 12N50-75B Matching Pad, converts 75 W to 50 W, 7.5 dB loss, DC to 3,000 MHz, 50 W

N(m) to 75 W N(f) 2000-1030 Antenna SMA (m), 50 W, 1.71 to 1.88 GHz 2000-1031 Antenna SMA (m), 50 W, 1.85 to 1.99 GHz 2000-1032 Antenna SMA (m), 50 W, 2.4 to 2.5 GHz 2000-1035 Antenna SMA (m), 50 W, 896 to 941 MHz 2000-1200 Antenna SMA (m), 50 W, 806-869MHz

1-3

Chapter 1 General Information

Performance Specifications

Performance specifications are provided in Table 1-1, on the following page.

Table 1-1. Performance Specifications (1 of 2)

Specifications are valid when the unit is calibrated at ambient temperature after a five minute warmup. Typical values are provided for reference only and are not guaranteed.

Description

Site Master: Frequency Range:

S113C, S114C S331C, S332C Frequency Accuracy (RF Source Mode) £75 parts per million @ 25°C* Frequency Resolution: S113C, S114C

S331C, S332C

SWR: Range

Resolution

Return Loss: Range

Resolution

**Distance-To-Fault (DTF):

Vertical Range Return Loss:

SWR:

Horizontal Range

Horizontal Resolution for Coax (rectangular windowing)

Horizontal Resolution for Waveguide

RF Power Monitor:

Display Range Detector Range

Offset Range

Resolution Test Port Connector Type N, 50W, female ***Immunity to Interfering signals

up to the level of: S113C, S114C

S331C, S332C

Maximum Input without Damage:

Test Port, Type N (f)

RF Power Detector Measurement Accuracy: Measurement accuracy depends on calibration components. Precision calibration components have a directivity of 42 dB. Cable Insertion Loss: Range

Resolution

2 to 1600 MHz 25 to 4000 MHz

10 kHz 100 kHz

1.00 to 65.00

0.01

0.00 to 54.00 dB

0.01 dB

0.00 to 54.00 dB

1.00 to 65.00 0 to ((# of data points –1) ´ resolution) amaximum of 1000m (3281 ft.) with a maximum of 517 points resolution, # of data pts. = 130, 259, 517

(. )( )15 108´ Vp

Where V the cable; dp is the number of data points (130, 259, 517); DF is the stop frequency minus the start frequency (Hz)

15 10 1

.((/))´-FF

Where F F

quency minus the start frequency (Hz)

–80.0 to +80 dBm or

10.0 pW to 100.0 kW –50 dBm to +20 dBm, or 10 mW to 100mW 0 to +60.0 dB

0.1 dB or 0.1 W

on-channel on-frequency +17 dBm +10 dBm +17 dBm –6 dBm

+20 dBm, 50W, +50 VDC +20 dBm, 50W, +50 VDC

0.00 to 54.00 dB

0.01 dB

is the relative propagation velocity of

is the waveguide cutoff frequency (Hz);

is the start frequency (Hz); DF is the stop fre

Value

1-4

Chapter 1 General Information

Table 1-2. Performance Specifications (2 of 2)

Transmission Line Loss (one-port)

Range Resolution

Spectrum Analyzer:

Frequency Range S114C

S332C

Frequency Reference Aging

Accuracy

Frequency Span S114C

S332C

Sweep Time ³6500 ms (full span)

Resolution Bandwidth

Accuracy Video Bandwidth 100 Hz to 300 kHz in 1-3 sequence SSB Phase Noise (1 GHz) @ 30 kHz offset £ –75dBc/Hz Spurious Responses, Input Related £ –45 dBc Spurious Residual Responses £ 90 dBm @ ³ 500 kHz Note: 10 kHz resolution bandwidth, input terminated, no attenuation

Amplitude

Measurement Range –95 dBm to +20 dBm typical Dynamic Range ³ 65 dB typical Maximum Safe Input Level +20 dBm, maximum measurable safe input

Displayed Average Noise Level: £ –80 dBm (<500 kHz typical)

Display Range, Log Scale 2 to 15 dB/div. in 1 dB steps; 10 divisions displayed.

Frequency Response

RF Input VSWR 2.0:1 Resolution (Ref. Level) 1.0 dB Total Level Accuracy**** ±2 dB ³ 500 kHz typical

General

Internal Memory:

Trace Memory

Instrument Configuration RS-232

Electromagnetic Compatibility Complies with European community requirements

External DC Input +11 to +15 Vdc, 1250 mA max. Temperature: Storage

Operating Weight: 2.15 kg (4.76 pounds) Dimensions: 25.4 x 17.8 x 6.1 cm

0.00 to 20.00 dB

0.01 dB

100 kHz to 1.6 GHz 100 kHz to 3.0 GHz ±1 ppm/yr ±2 ppm 0 Hz (zero span) 100 kHz to 1.6 GHz 0 Hz (zero span) 100 kHz to 3.0 GHz

500 ms (zero span) 10 kHz, 30 kHz, 100 kHz, 1 MHz ± 20% typical

+23 dBm, maximum input (damage) +23 dBm, peak pulse power

±50 Vdc

£ –95 dBm (³500 kHz typical)

±3 dB <500 kHz typical

200 maximum 10 setup locations 9 pin D-sub, three wire serial

for CE marking

–20° C to 75° C

0° C to 50° C

(10x7x2.4inches)

* ±2 ppm/D°C from 25°C; ** Fault location is accomplished by inverse Fourier Transformation of data taken with the Site Master. Resolution and maximum range depend on the number of frequency data points, frequency sweep range and relative propagation velocity of the cable being tested.; *** Immunity measurement is made in CW mode with incoming interfering signal exactly at the same frequency (worst case situation). Typical immunity is better when swept frequency is used.; **** For input signal levels ³ –60 dBm, accuracy at 50 MHz @ –30 dBm = ± 1dB.

1-5

Chapter 1 General Information

Preventive Maintenance

Site Master preventive maintenance consists of cleaning the unit and inspecting and clean ing the RF connectors on the instrument and all accessories.

Clean the Site Master with a soft, lint-free cloth dampened with water or water and a mild cleaning solution.

CAUTION: To avoid damaging the display or case, do not use solvents or abra sive cleaners.

Clean the RF connectors and center pins with a cotton swab dampened with denatured alco hol. Visually inspect the connectors. The fingers of the N (f) connectors and the pins of the N (m) connectors should be unbroken and uniform in appearance. If you are unsure whether the connectors are good, gauge the connectors to confirm that the dimensions are correct.

Visually inspect the test port cable(s). The test port cable should be uniform in appearance, not stretched, kinked, dented, or broken.

Calibration

The Site Master is a field portable unit operating in the rigors of the test environment. An Open-Short-Load (OSL) calibration should be performed prior to making a measurement in the field (see Calibration, page 3-2). A built-in temperature sensor in the Site Master advises the user, via an icon located on the right side of the LCD screen, that the internal temperature has exceeded a safety window, and the user is advised to perform another OSL calibration in order to maintain the integrity of the measurement.

NOTES: For best calibration results—compensation for all measurement uncertain ties—ensure that the Open/Short/Load is at the end of the test port or optional extension cable; that is, at the same point that you will connect the antenna or device to be tested.

For best results, use a phase stable Test Port Extension Cable (see Optional Accessories). If you use a typical laboratory cable to extend the Site Master test port to the device under test, cable bending subsequent to the OSL calibration will cause uncompensated phase reflections inside the cable. Thus, cables which are NOT phase stable may cause measurement errors that are more pro nounced as the test frequency increases.

For optimum calibration, Anritsu recommends using precision calibration com ponents.

1-6

Chapter 1 General Information

InstaCal Module

The Anritsu InstaCal module can be used in place of discrete components to calibrate the Site Master. The InstaCal module can be used to perform an Open, Short and Load (OSL) calibration procedure. Calibration of the Site Master with the InstaCal takes approximately 45 seconds (see Calibration, page 3-2). Unlike a discrete calibration component, the InstaCal module can not be used at the top of the tower to conduct load or insertion loss measurements. The module operates from 2 MHz to 4 GHz and weighs eight ounces.

Anritsu recommends annual verification of the InstaCal module to verify performance with precision instrument data. The verification may be performed at a local Anritsu Service Center or at the Anritsu factory.

Annual Verification

Anritsu recommends an annual calibration and performance verification of the Site Master and the OSL calibration components and InstaCal module by local Anritsu service centers. Anritsu service centers are listed in Table 1-2 on the following page.

The Site Master itself is self-calibrating, meaning that there are no field-adjustable compo nents. However, the OSL calibration components are crucial to the integrity of the calibra tion and therefore, must be verified periodically to ensure performance conformity. This is especially important if the OSL calibration components have been accidentally dropped or over-torqued.

ESD Precautions

The Site Master, like other high performance instruments, is susceptible to ESD damage. Very often, coaxial cables and antennas build up a static charge, which, if allowed to discharge by connecting to the Site Master, may damage the Site Master input circuitry. Site Master operators should be aware of the potential for ESD damage and take all necessary precautions. Operators should exercise practices outlined within industry standards like JEDEC-625 (EIA-625), MIL-HDBK-263, and MIL-STD-1686, which pertain to ESD and ESDS devices, equipment, and practices.

As these apply to the Site Master, it is recommended to dissipate any static charges that may be present before connecting the coaxial cables or antennas to the Site Master. This may be as simple as temporarily attaching a short or load device to the cable or antenna prior to attaching to the Site Master. It is important to remember that the operator may also carry a static charge that can cause damage. Following the practices outlined in the above standards will insure a safe environment for both personnel and equipment.

1-7

Chapter 1 General Information

Table 1-2. Anritsu Service Centers

UNITED STATES

ANRITSU COMPANY 685 Jarvis Drive Morgan Hill, CA95037-2809 Telephone: (408) 776-8300 FAX: 408-776-1744

ANRITSU COMPANY 10 NewMaple Ave., Suite 305 Pine Brook, NJ 07058 Telephone: 973-227-8999 FAX: 973-575-0092

ANRITSU COMPANY 1155E. Collins Blvd Richardson, TX 75081 Telephone: 1-800-ANRITSU FAX: 972-671-1877

AUSTRALIA

ANRITSU PTY. LTD. Unit 3, 170 Foster Road Mt Waverley, VIC 3149 Australia Telephone: 03-9558-8177 FAX: 03-9558-8255

BRAZIL

ANRITSU ELECTRONICA LTDA. Praia de Botafogo 440. Sala 2401 CEP22250-040,Rio de Janeiro,RJ, Brasil Telephone: 021-527-6922 FAX: 021-53-71-456

CANADA

ANRITSU INSTRUMENTS LTD. 700 Silver Seven Road, Suite 120 Kanata, Ontario K2V 1C3 Telephone: (613) 591-2003 FAX: (613) 591-1006

CHINA (SHANGHAI)

ANRITSU ELECTRONICS CO LTD 2F,Rm.B, 52 Section Factory Bldg. NO 516 Fu Te Road (N) Waigaoqiao Free TradeZone Pudong, Shanghai 200131 PR CHINA Telephone: 86-21-58680226 FAX: 86-21-58680588

FRANCE

ANRITSU S.A 9 Avenue du Quebec Zone de Courtaboeuf 91951 Les Ulis Cedex Telephone: 016-09-21-550 FAX: 016-44-61-065

GERMANY

ANRITSU GmbH Grafenberger Allee 54-56 D-40237 Dusseldorf Germany Telephone: 0211-968550 FAX: 0211-9685555

INDIA

MEERA AGENCIES (P) LTD A-23 Hauz Khas New Delhi, India 110 016 Telephone: 011-685-3959 FAX: 011-686-6720

ISRAEL

TECH-CENT, LTD 4 Raul ValenbergSt. Tel-Aviv,Israel 69719 Telephone: 972-36-478563 FAX: 972-36-478334

ITALY

ANRITSU Sp.A Rome Office Via E. Vittorini, 129 00144 Roma EUR Telephone: (06) 50-2299-711 FAX: 06-50-22-4252

JAPAN

ANRITSU CUSTOMER SERVICE LTD. 1800 Onna Atsugi—shi Kanagawa-Prf. 243 Japan Telephone: 0462-96-6688 FAX: 0462-25-8379

KOREA

ANRITSU SERVICE CENTER 8F Sanwon Bldg. 1329-8 Seocho-Dong Seocho-Ku Seoul, Korea 137-070 Telephone: 82-2-581-6603 FAX: 82-2-582-6603

SINGAPORE

ANRITSU (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD 10, Hoe Chiang Road #07-01/02 Keppel Towers Singapore 089315 Telephone:65-282-2400 FAX:65-282-2533

SOUTH AFRICA

ETESCSA 12 Surrey Square Office Park 330 Surrey Avenue Ferndale, Randburt, 2194 South Africa Telephone: 011-27-11-787-7200 Fax: 011-27-11-787-0446

SWEDEN

ANRITSU AB Botvid Center Fittja Backe 13A 145 84 Stockholm, Sweden Telephone: (08) 534-707-00 FAX: (08)534-707-30

TAIWAN

ANRITSU CO., LTD. 6F, No. 96, Section 3 Chien Kuo N. Road Taipei, Taiwan,R.O.C. Telephone: (02) 515-6050 FAX: (02) 509-5519

UNITED KINGDOM

ANRITSU LTD. 200 Capability Green Luton, Bedfordshire LU1 3LU, England Telephone: 015-82-43-3200 FAX: 015-82-73-1303

1-8

Chapter 2

Functions and Operations

Introduction

This chapter provides a brief overview of the Site Master functions and operations, provid ing the user with a starting point for making basic measurements. For more detailed infor mation, refer to Chapter 4, Cable & Antenna Measurements, Chapter 5, Spectrum Analyzer Measurements, and Chapter 7, Software Tools.

The Site Master is designed specifically for field environments and applications requiring mobility. As such, it is a lightweight, handheld, battery operated unit which can be easily carried to any location, and is capable of up to 2.5 hours of continuous operation from a fully charged battery. Built-in energy conservation features allow battery life to be extended over an eight-hour workday. The Site Master can also be powered by a 12.5 Vdc external source. The external source can be either the Anritsu AC-DC Adapter (P/N 40-115) or 12.5 Vdc Automotive Cigarette Lighter Adapter (P/N 806-62). Both items are standard accessories.

Test Connector Panel

The connectors and indicators located on the test panel (Figure 2-1) are listed and described below.

12.5-15VDC (1100 mA)

When using the AC-DC Adapter, always use a three-wire power cable connected to a three-wire power line outlet. If power is supplied without grounding the equip ment in this manner, there is a risk of receiving a severe or fatal electric shock.

12.5 to 15 Vdc @ 1100 mA input to power the unit or for battery charging.

WARNING

Battery Charging

External Power

Serial Interface

RF Out RF output, 50 W impedance, for reflection measurements.

RF In RF input, 50 W impedance, for spectrum analysis measurements.

RF Detector RF detector input for the Power Monitor.

Illuminates when the battery is being charged. The indicator automatically shuts

off when the battery is fully charged.

Illuminates when the Site Master is being powered by the external charging unit.

RS232 DB9 interface to a COM port on a personal computer (for use with the

Anritsu Software Tools program) or to a supported printer.

2-1

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

ERIAL INTERFACE

EXTERNAL POWER LED

EXTERNAL POWER

RF DETECTOR

Figure 2-1. Test Connector Panel

Front Panel Overview

RF OUT

RF IN

BATTERY CHARGING LED

The Site Master menu-driven user interface is easy to use and requires little training. Hard keys on the front panel are used to initiate function-specific menus. There are four function hard keys located below the display, Mode, Frequency/Distance, Amplitude and Sweep.

There are seventeen keypad hard keys located to the right of the display. Twelve of the keypad hard keys perform more than one function, depending on the current mode of operation. The dual purpose keys are labeled with one function in black, the other in blue.

There are also six soft keys that change function depending upon the current mode selection. The current soft key function is indicated in the active function block to the right of the display. The locations of the different keys are illustrated in Figure 2-2.

Active

Function

Block

Site Master S332C

MODE

FREQ/DIST

AMPLITUDE

SWEEP

Soft Keys

ESCAPE CLEAR

START

AUTO

CAL

SCALE

SAVE

RECALL

SETUP

LIMIT

MARKER

ENTER

RECALL

RUN

SAVE

DISPLAY

HOLD

SYS

OFF

Keypad Hard Keys

Function Hard Keys

Figure 2-2. Site Master Soft Keys

The following sections describe the various key functions.

2-2

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Function Hard Keys

MODE Opens the mode selection box (below). Use the Up/Down arrow key to select a

mode. Press the

MEASUREMENT MODE

FREQ - SWR

DTF - SWR

POWER MONITOR SPECTRUM ANALYZER

Figure 2-3. Mode Selection Box

FREQ/DIST Displays the Frequency or Distance to Fault softkey menus depending on the

measurement mode.

ENTER key to implement.

RETURN LOSS

CABLE LOSS - ONE PORT

RETURN LOSS

AMPLITUDE Displays the amplitude softkey menu for the current operating mode.

SWEEP Displays the Sweep function softkey menu for the current operating mode.

2-3

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Keypad Hard Keys

This section contains an alphabetical listing of the Site Master front panel keypad controls along with a brief description of each. More detailed descriptions of the major function keys follow.

The following keypad hard key functions are printed in black on the keypad keys.

0-9 These keys are used to enter numerical data as required to setup or per

form measurements.

+/–

ESCAPE

CLEAR

UP/DOWN

ARROWS

NOTE: At turn on, before any other keys are pressed, the Up/Down arrow key may be used to adjust the display contrast. Press eration.

ENTER Implements the current action or parameter selection.

The plus/minus key is used to enter positive or negative values as required to setup or perform measurements.

The decimal point is used to enter decimal values as required to setup or perform measurements.

Exits the present operation or clears the display. If a parameter is being edited, pressing this key will clear the value currently being entered and restore the last valid entry. Pressing this key again will close the parame ter. During normal sweeping, pressing this key will move up one menu level.

Increments or decrements a parameter value. The specific parameter value affected typically appears in the message area of the LCD.

ENTER to return to normal op-

OFF

SYS Allows selection of display language and system setup parameters.

Turns the Anritsu Site Master on or off. When turned on, the system state at the last turn-off is restored. If the ESCAPE/CLEAR key is held down while the ON/OFF key is pressed, the factory preset state will be restored.

Choices are

OPTIONS, CLOCK, SELF TEST, STATUS and LANGUAGE.

2-4

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

The following keypad hard key functions are printed in blue on the keypad keys.

Turns the liquid crystal display (LCD) back-lighting ON or OFF. (Leaving back lighting off conserves battery power.)

LCD Contrast adjust. Use the Up/Down arrow key and

ENTER to adjust

the display contrast.

AUTO

Automatically scales the display for optimum resolution.

SCALE

LIMIT Displays the limit line menu for the current operating mode.

MARKER Displays the marker menu of the current operating mode.

PRINT Prints the current display to the selected printer via the RS232 serial port.

RECALL DISPLAY

Recalls a previously saved trace from memory. When the key is pressed, a Recall Trace selection box appears on the display. Select a trace using the Up/Down arrow key and press the

To erase a saved trace, highlight the trace and select the

ENTER key to implement.

DELETE TRACE

softkey. To erase all saved traces, select the DELETE ALL TRACES softkey.

RECALL SETUP

Recalls a previously saved setup from memory location 1 through 10. When the key is pressed, a

RECALL SETUP selection box appears on the

display. Select a setup using the Up/Down arrow key and press the

ENTER key to implement. Setup 0 recalls the factory preset state.

RUN

HOLD

SAVE DISPLAY

SAVE SETUP

START CAL

When in the Hold mode, this key starts the Site Master sweeping and provides a Single Sweep Mode trigger; when in the Run mode, it pauses the sweep. When in the Hold mode, the hold symbol (page 2-19) appears on the display. Hold mode conserves battery power.

Saves up to 200 displayed traces to non-volatile memory. When the key is pressed,

TRACE NAME: appears in the lower left of the display. Save the

display with up to 16 alphanumeric characters for that trace name and press the

ENTER key to implement.

Saves the current system setup to 1 of 10 internal non-volatile memory lo cations. When the key is pressed, a

SAVE SETUP selection box appears

on the display. Use the Up/Down arrow key to select a setup and press the

ENTER key to implement.

Starts the calibration in SWR, Return Loss, Cable Loss, or DTF measure ment modes (not available in Spectrum Analyzer mode).

2-5

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Soft Keys

Each keypad key opens a set of soft key selections. Each of the soft keys has a correspond ing soft key label area on the display. The label identifies the function of the soft key for the current Mode selection.

Figures 2-4 through 2-8 show the soft key labels for each Mode selection.

MODE=FREQ:

SOFTKEYS:

FREQ/DIST

AMPLITUDE

TOP

BOTTOM

ON/OFF

SELECT

TRACE

SWEEP

RESOLUTION

SINGLE SWEEP

TRACE

MATH

TRACE

OVERLAY

130

259

517

Figure 2-4. Frequency Mode Soft Key Labels

TOP

LIST

PAG E UP

PAGE

DOWN

BOTTOM

LIST

DELETE

TRACE

DELETE

ALL

TRACE

BACK

2-6

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

MODE=DTF:

SOFTKEYS:

CABLE

WINDOW

LOSS

PROP

VEL

FREQ/DIST

DTF AID

AMPLITUDE

TOP

BOTTOM

TOP

LIST

ON/OFF

SELECT

TRACE

SWEEP

RESOLUTION

SINGLE

SWEEP

TRACE

MATH

TRACE

OVERLAY

130

259

517

PAG E U P

BACK

BOTTOM

DELETE

Figure 2-5. Distance to Fault Mode Soft Key Labels

PAGE

DOWN

LIST

TRACE

DELETE

ALL

TRACE

BACK

2-7

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

EDIT

FULL

ZERO

SPAN

1-2-5

SPAN

DOWN

1-2-5

BACK

FREQ/DIST

CENTER

SPAN

START

STOP

MODE=SPECTRUM ANALYZER:

SOFTKEYS:

GHz

MHz

kHz

Figure 2-6. Spectrum Analyzer Mode Soft Key Labels

GHz

MHz

kHz

AMPLITUDE

REF

LEVEL

SCALE

ATTEN

UNITS

REF

LEVEL

OFFSET

dBm

dBV

dBmV

dBuV

BACK

AUTO

MANUAL

EDIT

BACK

2-8

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

MODE=SPECTRUM ANALYZER:

SOFTKEYS:

AUTO

MANUAL

EDIT

BACK

RESET

AB®

ABA-

A+B

TRACE

BACK

SWEEP

RBW

VBW

MAX

HOLD

CONT/

SINGLE

MEASURE

TRACE

FIELD

STRNGTH

OBW

DETEC-

TION

AVERAGE

(1-25)

CHANNEL

POWER

ACP

ON/OFF

SELECT

ANTENNA

BACK

CENTER

CHANNEL

SPACING

FREQ

MAIN

ADJ

METHOD

dBc

MEASURE

BACK

POSITIVE

PEAK

AVERAGE

NEGATIVE

PEAK

BACK

CENTER

FREQ

INT BW

CHANNEL

SPAN

MEASURE

Figure 2-7. Power Monitor Mode Soft Key Labels

MODE=POWER MONITOR:

SOFTKEYS:

Figure 2-8. Spectrum Analyzer Mode Soft Key Labels (continued)

UNITS

REL

OFFSET

ZERO

MEASURE

BACK

2-9

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

FREQ/DIST Displays the frequency and distance menu depending on the measurement mode.

Frequency Menu

Distance Menu

Provides for setting sweep frequency end points when

FREQ mode is selected.

Selected frequency values may be changed using the keypad or Up/Down arrow

key.

F1 — Opens the F1 parameter for data entry. This is the start value for the

frequency sweep. Press

F2 — Opens the F2 parameter for data entry. This is the stop value for the

frequency sweep. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete.

Provides for setting Distance to Fault parameters when a DTF mode is selected.

Choosing

DIST causes the soft keys, below, to be displayed and the correspond

ing values to be shown in the message area. Selected distance values may be

changed using the keypad or Up/Down arrow key.

D1 — Opens the start distance (D1) parameter for data entry. This is the start

value for the distance range (D1 default = 0). Press

ENTER when data entry

is complete.

D2 — Opens the end distance (D2) parameter for data entry. This is the end

value for the distance range. Press

DTF AID — Provides interactive help to optimize DTF set up parameters. Use

the Up/Down arrow key to select a parameter to edit. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete.

ENTER when

data entry is complete.

MORE — Selects the Distance Sub-Menu, detailed below.

Distance Sub-Menu

Provides for setting the cable loss and relative propagation velocity of the coax-

ial cable. Selected values may be changed using the Up/Down arrow key or key-

pad.

LOSS — Opens the Cable Loss parameter for data entry. Enter the loss per

foot (or meter) for the type of transmission line being tested. Press

ENTER

when data entry is complete. (Range is 0.5 to 5.000 dB/m, 1.524 dB/ft)

PROP VEL (relative propagation velocity) — Opens the Propagation Veloc

ity parameter for data entry. Enter the propagation velocity for the type of transmission line being tested. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete.

(Range is 0.010 to 1.000)

CABLE — Opens a list of cable folders for selection of a common coaxial ca

ble folder or custom coaxial cable folder. Select either folder and use the Up/Down arrow key and

ENTER to make a selection. This feature provides a

rapid means of setting both cable loss and propagation velocity. (Refer to Ap pendix A for a listing of common coaxial cables showing values for Relative Propagation Velocity and Nominal Attenuation in dB/m or dB/ft @ 1000 MHz, 2000 MHz and 2500 MHz.) The custom cable folder can consist of up to 24 user-defined cable parameters downloaded via the Site Master Software Tools program.

WINDOW — Opens a menu of FFT windowing types for the DTF calcula

tion. Scroll the menu using the Up/Down arrow key and make a selection with the

ENTER key.

2-10

BACK — Returns to the Distance Menu.

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Choosing FREQ/DIST in Spectrum Analyzer mode causes the soft keys, below, to be dis played and the corresponding values to be shown in the message area.

CENTER ¾ Sets the center frequency of the Spectrum Analyzer display . En

ter a value using the Up/Down arrow key or keypad, press

ESCAPE to restore previous value. SPAN ¾ Sets the user-defined frequency span. Use the Up/Down arrow key

or keypad to enter a value in MHz. Also brings up

EDIT allows editing of the frequency span. Enter a value using the num

FULL and ZERO softkeys.

ENTER to accept,

ber keys.

FULL span sets the Spectrum Analyzer to its maximum frequency span.

ZERO span sets the span to 0 Hz. This displays the input signal in an am

plitude versus time mode, which is useful for viewing modulation.

SPAN UP 1-2-5 activates the span function so that the span may be in

creased quickly in a 1-2-5 sequence.

SPAN DOWN 1-2-5 activates the span function so that the span may be re

duced quickly in a 1-2-5 sequence.

BACK returns to the previous menu level.

START ¾ Sets the Spectrum Analyzer in the START-STOP mode. Enter a

start frequency value (in kHz, MHz, or GHz) using the Up/Down arrow key or keypad, press

ENTER to accept, ESCAPE to restore.

q STOP ¾ Sets the Spectrum Analyzer in the START-STOP mode. Enter a

stop frequency value (in kHz, MHz, or GHz) using the Up/Down arrow key or keypad, press

ENTER to accept, ESCAPE to restore.

2-11

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

AMPLITUDE Displays the amplitude or scale menu depending on the measurement mode.

Amplitude Menu

Provides for changing the display scale. Selected values may be changed using the Up/Down arrow key or keypad.

Choosing

AMPLITUDE in FREQ or DTF measurement modes causes the soft

keys, below, to be displayed and the corresponding values to be shown in the message area.

TOP — Opens the top parameter for data entry and provides for setting the

top scale value. Press

BOTTOM — Opens the bottom parameter for data entry and provides for set

ting the bottom scale value. Press

Choosing

AMPLITUDE in SPECTRUM ANALYZER mode causes the soft keys,

ENTER when data entry is complete.

below, to be displayed and the corresponding values to be shown in the message area.

REF LEVEL — Activates the amplitude reference level function.

SCALE — Activates the scale function in a 2 through 15 dB logarithmic am

plitude scale.

ATTEN — Sets the Anritsu input attenuator so that it is either coupled auto

matically to the reference level (

UNITS — Choose from the menu of amplitude related units. Selection of

AUTO) or manually adjustable (MANUAL).

dBm sets absolute decibels relative to 1 mW as the amplitude unit. Selection of dBV, dBmV or dBmV sets absolute decibels relative to 1 volt, 1 millivolt, or 1 microvolt respectively as the amplitude unit.

REF LEVEL OFFSET — Sets the reference level offset. This feature allows

measurement of high gain devices in combination with an attenuator. It is used to offset the reference level to view the correct output level. For exam-

ple, to measure a high gain amplifier with an output of 70 dBm, an external 50 dB attenuator must be inserted between the Site Master and the device. To compensate, set the reference level offset to –50 dB to set the level at the top of the display.

2-12

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

SWEEP Displays the Sweep function soft key menu for the current operating mode.

Sweep Menu Provides for changing the display resolution, single or continuous sweep, and

access to the Trace Math functions. Choosing

SWEEP in FREQ or DTF measurement modes causes the soft keys

below to be displayed.

RESOLUTION — Opens the display to change the resolution. Choose 130,

259, or 517 data points. (In DTF mode, resolution can be adjusted through the DTF-AID table.)

SINGLE SWEEP — Toggles the sweep between single sweep and continu

ous sweep. In single sweep mode, each sweep must be activated by the

RUN/HOLD button. TRACE MATH — Opens up the Trace Math functions (trace-memory or

trace+memory) for comparison of the real time trace in the display with any of the traces from memory. (Not available in DTF mode.)

TRACE OVERLAY — Opens up the Trace Overlay functions menu to allow

the current trace to be displayed with a trace in memory overlaid on it. Choose ON or OFF and SELECT TRACE to select the trace from memory to be overlaid.

Choosing

SWEEP in SPECTRUM ANALYZER mode causes the soft keys below

to be displayed.

RBW — Sets the resolution bandwidth so that it is either coupled automati-

cally to the span (

VBW — Sets the video bandwidth so that it is either coupled automatically to

the span (

AUTO) or manually adjustable (MANUAL).

MAX HOLD — Displays and holds the maximum responses of the input sig-

nal.

CONT/SINGLE — Toggles between continuous and single sweep.

MEASURE — Activates a menu of measurement related functions. Use the

corresponding softkey to select the measurement function.

FIELD STRENGTH — Accesses a menu of field strength measurement

options.

ON/OFF - Turns field strength measurements on or off. SELECT ANTENNA - Selects an antenna profile to be used for field

strength measurements.

BACK - Returns to the previous menu.

OBW — Activates the occupied bandwidth menu. Select either

METHOD,

% or dBc method of occupied bandwidth measurement.

METHOD allows selection of either % of power or dB Down. Selecting % allows entry of the desired % of occupied bandwidth to be measured. Selecting dBc allows entry of the desired power level (dBc) to be mea sured.

DETECTION — Accesses a menu of detector modes including POSITIVE

PEAK

detection, AVERAGE detection and NEGATIVE PEAK detection.

2-13

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

AVERAGE (1-25) — The display will be an average of the number of

sweeps specified here. For example, if the number four is entered here, the data displayed will be an average of the four most recent sweeps.

CHANNEL POWER — Activates Channel Power measurement. Channel

power is measured in dBm. Channel Power density is measured in dBm/Hz. The displayed units is determined by the setting of the soft key in the AMPLITUDE menu.

ACP — Accesses a menu of Adjacent Channel Power ratio measurement

options:

CENTER FREQ - Activates the center frequency function and sets the

Anritsu Site Master to the center frequency. A specific center frequency can be entered using the keypad or Up/Down arrow key. Select the

MHz, kHz,orHz softkey to accept the center frequency input. MAIN CHANNEL BW - Sets the bandwidth of the main channel. ADJACENT CHANNEL BW - Sets the bandwidth of the adjacent channel. CHANNEL SPACING - Sets the channel spacing. MEASURE - Begins the ACP measurement. BACK - Returns to the previous menu.

BACK - Returns to the previous menu.

TRACE — Activates a menu of trace related functions. Use the correspond-

ing softkey to select the desired trace function.

UNITS

GHz,

NOTE: For this function, Trace A is always the runtime trace, and Trace B is always a saved trace. Refer to page for information on saving and recalling traces.

RESET A — Clears the current runtime trace.

A ® B — Stores the current runtime trace into the Trace B buffer.

A–B® A — Performs a subtraction trace math operation.

A+B®A — Performs an addition trace math operation.

TRACE B — Accesses a menu of saved trace options. VIEW B - Provides a trace overlay of the saved trace with the current

runtime trace.

CLEAR B - Turns off trace overlay. RECALL TRACE ® B - Recalls the saved trace B buffer.

BACK — Returns to the previous menu level.

2-14

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

MARKER Choosing MARKER causes the soft keys, below, to be displayed and the corre

sponding values to be shown in the message area. Selected frequency marker or distance marker values may be changed using the keypad or Up/Down arrow key.

M1 — Selects the M1 marker parameter and opens the M1 marker second

level menu.

ON/OFF — Turns the selected marker on or off.

EDIT — Opens the selected marker parameter for data entry. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore the previous

value.

MARKER TO PEAK — Places the selected marker at the frequency or dis

tance with the maximum amplitude value.

MARKER TO VALLEY — Places the selected marker at the frequency or

distance with the minimum amplitude value.

BACK — Returns to the Main Markers Menu.

M2 through M4 — Selects the marker parameter and opens the marker second

level menu.

ON/OFF — Turns the selected marker on or off.

EDIT — Opens the selected marker parameter for data entry. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore the previous

value.

q DELTA (Mx-M1) — Displays delta amplitude value as well as delta fre-

quency or distance for the selected marker with respect to the M1 marker.

MARKER TO PEAK — Places the selected marker at the frequency or dis-

tance with the maximum amplitude value.

MARKER TO VALLEY — Places the selected marker at the frequency or

distance with the minimum amplitude value.

BACK — Returns to the Main Markers Menu.

M5 — Selects the M5 marker parameter and opens the M5 second level

menu.

ON/OFF — Turns the selected marker on or off.

EDIT — Opens the selected marker parameter for data entry. Press ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore the previous

value.

PEAK BETWEEN M1 & M2 — Places the selected marker at the fre

quency or distance with the maximum amplitude value between marker M1 and marker M2.

VALLEY BETWEEN M1 & M2 — Places the selected marker at the fre

quency or distance with the minimum amplitude value between marker M1 and marker M2.

BACK — Returns to the Main Markers Menu.

M6 — Selects the M6 marker parameter and opens the M6 second level

menu.

2-15

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

ON/OFF — Turns the selected marker on or off.

EDIT — Opens the selected marker parameter for data entry. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore the previous

value.

LIMIT

PEAK BETWEEN M3 & M4 — Places the selected marker at the peak be

tween marker M3 and marker M4.

VALLEY BETWEEN M3 & M4 — Places the selected marker at the valley

between marker M3 and marker M4.

BACK — Returns to the Main Markers Menu.

Pressing LIMIT on the data keypad activates a menu of limit related functions. Use the corresponding softkey to select the desired limit function. Then use the Up/Down arrow key to change its value, which is displayed in the message area at the bottom of the display.

Choosing

LIMIT in FREQ or DTF measurement modes causes the soft keys be

low to be displayed.

SINGLE LIMIT — Sets a single limit value in dBm. Menu choices are:

ON/OFF EDIT BACK

MULTIPLE LIMITS — Sets multiple user defined limits, and can be used to

create a limit mask for quick pass/fail measurements. Menu choices are:

SEGMENT 1 SEGMENT 2 SEGMENT 3 SEGMENT 4 SEGMENT 5 BACK

2-16

LIMIT BEEP — Turns the audible limit beep indicator on or off.

Choosing

LIMIT in SPECTRUM ANALYZER measurement mode causes the soft

keys below to be displayed.

SINGLE LIMIT — Sets a single limit value in dBm. Menu choices are:

ON/OFF EDIT BACK

MULTIPLE UPPER LIMITS — Sets multiple user defined upper limits, and

can be used to create an upper limit mask for quick pass/fail measurements. Menu choices are:

SEGMENT 1 SEGMENT 2 SEGMENT 3 SEGMENT 4 SEGMENT 5 BACK

MULTIPLE LOWER LIMITS — Set multiple user defined lower limits, and

can be used to create a lower limit mask for quick pass/fail measurements. Menu choices are:

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

SEGMENT 1 SEGMENT 2 SEGMENT 3 SEGMENT 4 SEGMENT 5 BACK

LIMIT BEEP — Turns the audible limit beep indicator on or off.

SYS Displays the System menu softkey selections.

OPTIONS — Displays a second level of functions:

UNITS — Select the unit of measurement (English or metric).

PRINTER — Displays a menu of supported printers. Use the Up/Down

arrow key and

FIXED CW — Toggles the fixed CW function ON or OFF. When OFF, a

ENTER key to make the selection.

narrow band of frequencies centered on the selected frequency is gener ated. When CW is ON, only the center frequency is generated. Output power is pulsed in all modes.

CHANGE DATE FORMAT — Toggles the date format between

MM/DD/YY, DD/MM/YY, and YY/MM/DD.

BACK — Returns to the top-level SYS Menu.

CLOCK — Displays a second level of functions:

HOUR — Enter the hour (0-23) using the Up/Down arrow key or the key-

pad. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore the

previous value.

MINUTE — Enter the minute (0-59) using the Up/Down arrow key or the

keypad. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore

the previous value.

MONTH — Enter the month (1-12) using the Up/Down arrow key or the

keypad. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore

the previous value.

DAY — Enter the day using the Up/Down arrow key or the keypad. Press ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore the previous

value.

YEAR — Enter the year (1997-2036) using the Up/Down arrow key or the

keypad. Press

ENTER when data entry is complete or ESCAPE to restore

the previous value.

BACK — Returns to the top-level SYS menu.

SELF TEST — Start an instrument self test.

STATUS — Displays the current instrument status, including calibration sta

tus, temperature, and battery charge state. Press ESCAPE to return to opera tion.

Language — Pressing this soft key immediately changes the language used to

display messages on the Site Master display. Choices are English, French, German, Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese. The default language is English.

2-17

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Power Monitor Menu

Selecting POWER MONITOR from the Mode menu causes the soft keys, described below, to be displayed and the corresponding values shown in the message area.

UNITS — Toggles between dBm and Watts.

REL — Turns relative mode OFF, if currently ON. If relative mode is cur

rently OFF, turns it ON and causes the power level to be measured and saved as the base level. Subsequent measurements are then displayed relative to this saved value. With units of dBm, relative mode displays dBr; with units of Watts, relative mode displays % (percent).

OFFSET — Turns Offset OFF, if currently ON. If Offset is currently OFF,

turns it ON and opens the Offset parameter for data entry. Press when data entry is complete. Offset is the attenuation (in dB) inserted in the line between the DUT and the RF detector. The attenuation is added to the measured input level prior to dis play.

ZERO — Turns Zero OFF, if currently ON. If Zero is currently OFF, this

softkey turns it ON and initiates collection of a series of power level samples, which are averaged and saved. This saved value is then subtracted from subsequent measurements prior to display.

ENTER

2-18

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Symbols

Table 2-1 provides a listing of the symbols used as condition indicators on the LCD display.

Table 2-1. LCD Icon Symbols

Icon Symbol

Site Master is in Hold for power conservation. To resume sweeping, press

HOLD

the

RUN/HOLD key. After 10 minutes without a key press, the Site Master

will automatically activate the power conservation mode.

CAL ON

CAL ON!

CALL OFF

Integrator Failure. Intermittent integrator failure may be caused by inter ference from another antenna. Persistent integrator failure indicates a need to return the Site Master to the nearest Anritsu service center for repair.

Lock fail indication. Check battery. (If the Site Master fails to lock with a fully charged battery, call your Anritsu Service Center.)

When calibration is performed, the Site Master stores the ambient temper ature. If the temperature drifts outside the specified range, this indicator will flash. A recalibration at the current temperature is recommended.

Indicates the remaining charge on the battery. The inner white rectangle grows longer as the battery charge depletes.

Indicates internal data processing.

The Site Master has been calibrated.

The Site Master has been calibrated with the InstaCal Module.

The Site Master has not been calibrated.

Self Test

At turn-on, the Site Master runs through a series of quick checks to ensure the system is functioning properly. Note that the battery voltage and temperature are displayed in the lower left corner below the self test message. If the battery is low, or if the ambient temper ature is not within the specified operational range, Self Test will fail. If Self Test fails and the battery is fully charged and the Site Master is within the specified operating range, call your Anritsu Service Center.

Error Codes

Self Test Errors

A listing of Self Test Error messages is given in Table 2-2.

2-19

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Table 2-2. Self Test Error Messages

Error Message

BATTERY LOW

EXTERNAL POWER LOW

PLL FAILED

INTEGRATOR FAILED

EEPROM R/W FAILED

OUT OF TEMP. RANGE

RTC BATTERY LOW

LO LOCK FAIL The local oscillator in the spectrum analyzer has phase lock loop er-

Battery voltage is less than 10 volts. Charge battery. If condition per sists, call your Anritsu Service Center.

External supply voltage is less than 10 volts. Call your Anritsu Service Center

Phase-locked loops failed to lock. Charge battery. If condition persists with a fully charged battery, call your Anritsu Service Center

Integration circuit could not charge to a valid level. Charge battery. If condition persists with a fully charged battery, call your Anritsu Ser vice Center.

Non-volatile memory system has failed. Call your Anritsu Service Center.

Ambient temperature is not within the specified operating range. If the temperature is within the specified operating range and the condition persists, call your Anritsu Service Center.

The internal real-time clock battery is low. A low or drained clock battery will affect the date stamp on saved traces. Contact your nearest

Anritsu Service Center.

rors. If condition persists with a fully charged battery, call your Anritsu Service Center.

Description

POWER MONITOR FAIL

BATTERY CAL LOST

MEMORY FAIL

The time and date Have not been set on this Site Master. To set it, after exit ing here press the <SYS> [CLOCK] keys. Press ENTER or ESC to continue

Note: A listing of Anritsu Service Centers is provided in Table 1-2 , page 1-8.

Failure of the power monitor system board voltages. If condition persists, call your Anritsu Service Center.

Battery communication failed. The indicated battery charge status may be invalid. If condition persists, call your Anritsu Service Center.

The EEPROM test on the Site Master main board has failed. If condi

tion persists, call your Anritsu Service Center. The time and date are not properly set in the Site Master. If condition

persists, call your Anritsu Service Center.

2-20

Range Errors

A listing of Range Error messages is given in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3. Range Error Messages (1 of 2)

Error Message

RANGE ERROR:F1 > F2

RANGE ERROR:D1 > D2

RANGE ERROR:D2 > DMax=xx.x ft (m)

The start (F1) frequency is greater than the stop (F2) frequency.

The start (D1) distance is greater than the stop (D2) distance.

The stop distance (D2) exceeds the maximum unaliased range. This range is determined by the frequency span, number of points, and relative propagation velocity:

MaximumUnaliased Range

Where: dp is the number of data points (130, 259, or 517)

is the relative propagation velocity

F2 is the stop frequency in Hz F1 is the start frequency in Hz Maximum Unaliased Range is in meters

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Description

´-

( . )( )( )15 10

dp V

RANGE ERROR: TOP<=BOTTOM

RANGE ERROR: TOP>=BOTTOM

CAL INCOMPLETE

DIST REQUIRES F1<F2

DIST REQUIRES CAL

NO STORED SWEEP AT THIS LOCATION

USE OPTIONS MENU TO SELECT A PRINTER

DISTANCE AND CABLE INSERTION LOSS MODE ARE INCOMPATIBLE

The SWR scale parameter top value is less than or equal to its bottom value.

The RL scale parameter top value is greater than or equal to its bottom value.

A complete open, short, and load calibration must be performed before calibration can be turned on.

Valid distance to fault plots require a non-zero frequency span.

Distance-to-fault measurements cannot be performed with CAL OFF.

Attempting to recall a display from a location that has not been previ ously written to. That is, the location does not contain stored sweep.

Attempting to print a display with no printer selected. Select a printer, then retry.

DTF measurements only display RL or SWR versus distance.

2-21

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Table 2-3. Range Error Messages (2 of 2)

Error Message

CANNOT ZERO NO DETECTOR INSTALLED

CANNOT ZERO INPUT SIGNAL TOO HIGH

POWER MONITOR OPTION NOT INSTALLED

Attempting to perform a Power Monitor zero adjust function with no RF detector connected to the Site Master.

Attempting to perform a Power Monitor zero adjust function with an input of greater than –20 dBm.

Attempting to enter Power Monitor mode with no Option 5 installed.

Description

InstaCal Error Messages

If an InstaCal module that has not been characterized in more than one year is connected to the Site Master, the follow message will be displayed:

The InstaCal Module Connected, S/N XXXXX Was Characterized more than 1 year ago. Characterization mm/dd/yy Current SiteMaster mm/dd/yy You are advised to return this InstaCal module to the factory for re-characterization. Press ENTER to continue, see manual for details.

Return the InstaCal module to the factory for re-characterization in order to ensure contin ued accurate measurements.

If the serial number of the connected InstaCal module does not match the serial number stored in the Site Master, the following message is displayed:

The InstaCal characterization data stored in the SiteMaster is for a module different than the one currently connected. SiteMaster contains data for InstaCal module S/N: xxxxx Currently connected InstaCal Module S/N: xxxxx Would you like to overwrite the previously loaded InstaCal characterization?

Press the YES soft key to update the stored InstaCal characterization to use the currently connected module.

Press the

NO soft key to keep the stored InstaCal characterization.

2-22

A listing of InstaCal error messages is given in Table 2-4.

Table 2-4. InstaCal Error Messages

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Error Message

FAILED TO READ SERIAL NUMBER OF INSTACAL MODULE

FAILED TO SUC CESSFULLY TRANSFER INSTACAL MOD ULE DATA TO SITE MASTER

FAILED TO SET BAUD WITH INSTACAL MODULE

Description

The Site Master was unable to read the InstaCal module serial number.

The Site Master was unable to transfer all necessary data between the

InstaCal module and the Site Master.

The Site Master was unable to establish communication with the InstaCal module.

2-23

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Battery Information

Charging a New Battery

The NiMH battery supplied with the Site Master has already completed three charge and discharge cycles at the factory and full battery performance should be realized after your first charge.

NOTE: The battery will not charge if the battery temperature is above 45° Cor below 0° C.

Charging the Battery in the Site Master

The battery can be charged while installed in the Site Master.

Step 1. Turn the Site Master off. Step 2. Connect the AC-DC adapter (Anritsu part number: 40-115) to the Site Master

charging port.

Step 3. Connect the AC adapter to a 120 VAC or 240 VAC power source as appropriate

for your application.

The green external power indicator on the Site Master will illuminate, indicating the presence of external DC power, the battery charge indicator will light, and the battery will begin fast charging. The charging indicator will remain lit as long as the battery is fast charging. Once the battery is fully charged, the fast charging indicator will turn off and a trickle charge will be started to maintain battery capacity. If the battery fails to charge, contact your nearest Anritsu service center.

NOTE: If a battery is excessively discharged, it may require several hours of trickle charging before the charger will allow a fast charge. Switching to fast charge mode is not automatic. You must either cycle the power on and off, or disconnect and reconnect the AC-DC adapter.

Charging the Battery in the Optional Charger

Up to two batteries can be charged simultaneously in the optional battery charger.

Step 1. Remove the NiMH battery from your Site Master and place it in the optional

charger (Anritsu part number 2000-1029).

Step 2. Connect the lead from the AC-DC adapter to the charger. Step 3. Connect the AC-DC adapter to a 120 VAC or 240 VAC power source as appro

priate for your application.

Each battery holder in the optional charger has an LED charging status indicator. The LED color changes as the battery is charged:

Red indicates the battery is charging Green indicates the battery is fully charged Yellow indicates the battery is in a waiting state (see below).

2-24

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

A yellow light may occur because the battery became too warm during the charge cycle. The charger will allow the battery to cool off before continuing the charge. A yellow light may also indicate that the charger is alternating charge to each of the two batteries.

A blinking red light indicates less than 13 VDC is being supplied to the charger stand. Check that the correct AC charger adapter is connected to the charger stand. If the battery fails to charge, contact your nearest Anritsu Service Center.

Determining Remaining Battery Life

When the AC-DC adapter is unplugged from the Site Master, the battery indicator symbol will be continuously displayed at the top left corner of the Site Master display (Figure 2-9). A totally black bar within the battery icon indicates a fully charged battery. When LOW BATT replaces the battery indicator bar at the top left corner, a couple of minutes of mea surement time remains. If a flashing LOW BATT is accompanied by an audio beep at the end of each trace, the battery has approximately one minute of useable time remaining

BATTERY INDICATOR

Figure 2-9. Site Master Battery Indicator

Once all the power has drained from the battery, the Site Master display will fade. At this point, your Site Master will switch itself off and the battery will need to be recharged.

2-25

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

During operation, the battery condition can be viewed by pressing the SYS key and select ing the

SELF TEST soft key. The battery condition will be displayed as a percentage of

charge remaining.

SELF TEST

VOLTAGE........ .BATTERY 11.1V

TEMPERATURE.... 24°C

BATTERY CAL......PASSED

MEMORY..........PASSED

LO................PASSED

BATTERY CHARGE = 84%

PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE

Figure 2-10. Self Test Battery Condition Display

Battery Life

The NiMH battery will last longer and perform better if allowed to completely discharge before recharging. For maximum battery life, it is recommended that the NiMH battery be completely discharged and recharged once every three months.

It is normal for NiMH batteries to self-discharge during storage, and to degrade to 80% of original capacity after 12 months of continuous use.

Figure 2-11. NiMH Battery Storage Characteristics

The battery can be charged and discharged 300 to 500 times, but it will eventually wear out. The battery may need to be replaced when the operating time between charging is notice ably shorter than normal.

2-26

Important Battery Information

With a new NiMH battery, full performance is achieved after three to five complete

charge and discharge cycles. The NiMH battery supplied with the Site Master has already completed three charge and discharge cycles at the factory.

Recharge the battery only in the Site Master or in an Anritsu approved charger.

When the Site Master or the charger is not in use, disconnect it from the power source.

Do not charge batteries for longer than 24 hours; overcharging may shorten battery life.

If left unused a fully charged battery will discharge itself over time. Storing the battery in

extreme hot or cold places will reduce the capacity and lifetime of the battery. The bat tery will discharge faster at higher ambient temperatures.

Chapter 2 Functions and Operations

Discharge an NiMH battery from time to time to improve battery performance and bat

tery life. The battery can be charged and discharged hundreds of times, but it will eventually wear

out. The battery may need to be replaced when the operating time between charging is notice

ably shorter than normal. If a battery is allowed to totally discharge, the smart-memory capability of the battery

may be lost, resulting in incorrect battery capacity readings or loss of communication with the battery.

Do not short-circuit the battery terminals.

Do not drop, mutilate or attempt to disassemble the battery.

Never use a damaged or worn out charger or battery.

Always use the battery for its intended purpose only.

Temperature extremes will affect the ability of the battery to charge: allow the battery to cool down or warm up as necessary before use or charging.

Batteries must be recycled or disposed of properly. Do not place batteries in garbage.

Do not dispose of batteries in a fire!

2-27/2-28

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Introduction

This chapter provides a brief overview of the Anritsu Site Master. The intent of this chapter is to provide the user with a starting point for making basic Return Loss and Spectrum Ana lyzer measurements. Procedures that are specific to Site Master mode (page 3-2), Spectrum Analyzer mode (page 3-9), and common to both modes (page 3-12) are presented.

Power On Procedure

The Anritsu Site Master is capable of up to 2.5 hours of continuous operation from a fully charged, field-replaceable battery. Built-in energy conservation features allow battery life to be extended over an eight-hour workday.

The Site Master can also be operated from a 12.5 Vdc source (which will also simulta neously charge the battery). This can be achieved with either the Anritsu AC-DC Adapter (P/N 40-115) or 12.5 Vdc Automotive Cigarette Lighter Adapter (P/N 806-62). Both items are included as standard accessories (see Chapter 1).

To power on the Site Master:

Step 1.

Figure 3-1. Site Master On/Off Key

Press the ON/OFF front panel key (Figure 3-1).

Site Master S332C

START

AUTO

CAL

SCALE

SAVE

RECALL

SETUP

LIMIT

MARKER

RECALL

SAVE

DISPLAY

OFF

MODE

FREQ/DIST

AMPLITUDE

SWEEP

ESCAPE

CLEAR

ENTER

RUN HOLD

SYS

ON/OFF KEY

Step 2.

The Site Master will display the model number, the firmware revision, the tem perature and voltage, and then perform a five second self-test. At completion of the self-test, the screen displays a prompt to press ENTER to continue. If enter is not pressed, the Site Master will continue after a 5 second timeout:

Press ENTER to continue. The Site Master is now ready for operation.

3-1

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Site Master Mode

Selecting the Frequency or Distance

Regardless of the calibration method used, the frequency range for the desired measure ments must be set before calibrating the Site Master. The following procedure selects the frequency range for the calibration.

Step 1. Step 2. Press the Step 3. Enter the desired start frequency using the key pad or the Up/Down arrow key. Step 4. Step 5. Press the Step 6. Enter the desired stop frequency using the keypad or the Up/Down arrow key. Step 7.

Press the FREQ/DIST key.

F1 soft key.

Press ENTER to set F1 to the desired frequency.

F2 soft key.

Press ENTER to set F2 to the desired frequency. Check that the start and stop frequencies displayed match the desired measure

ment range.

Calibration

For accurate results, the Site Master must be calibrated before making any measurements. The Site Master must be re-calibrated whenever the setup frequency changes, the temperature exceeds the calibration temperature range or when the test port extension cable is removed or replaced.

The Site Master may be calibrated manually with Open, Short, Load (OSL) calibration components, or by using the InstaCal module provided with the system.

If a Test Port Extension Cable is to be used, the Site Master must be calibrated with the Test Port Extension Cable in place. The Test Port Extension Cable is a phase stable cable and is used as an extension cable on the test port to ensure accurate and repeatable measure ments. This phase stable cable can be moved and bent while making a measurement with out causing errors in the measurement.

NOTE: The test port extension cable should have the appropriate connectors for the measurement. Use of additional connector adapters after the test port extension cable can contribute to measurement errors not compensated for during calibration.

3-2

Calibration Verification

Chapter 3 Getting Started

During the calibration process in Return Loss mode, either with discrete calibration compo nents or with the InstaCal module, there are typical measurement levels expected. Verifying the measurement levels displayed on the screen during calibration can save valuable time in the field.

Trace Characteristics in Return Loss Mode

As the discrete calibration components are connected to the Site Master RF out port, the following measurement levels will be displayed on the screen:

When an OPEN is connected, a trace will be displayed between 0-10 dB.

When a SHORT is connected, a trace will be displayed between 0-10 dB.

When a LOAD is connected, a trace will be displayed between 0-50 dB.

When an InstaCal module is connected to the Site Master RF out port, the following mea

surement levels will be displayed on the screen:

When the Site Master is measuring an equivalent OPEN, a trace will be displayed

between 0-20 dB. When the Site Master is measuring an equivalent SHORT, a trace will be displayed

between 0-20 dB. When the Site Master is measuring an equivalent LOAD, a trace will be displayed

between 0-50 dB.

The following procedures explain Manual and InstaCal calibration methods. Refer to Figure 3-2 for a calibration setup diagram.

3-3

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Manual Calibration Procedure

If the “CAL OFF” message is displayed, or the test port cable has been changed, a new cali bration is required. The following procedure details how to perform the calibration.

OPEN

RFOUT/REFLECTION

TEST PORT

Site Master S332C

MODE

FREQ/DIST

AMPLITUDE

SWEEP

SHORT

LOAD

TEST PORTCABLE (OPTIONAL)

ESCAPE CLEAR

START

AUTO

CAL

SCALE

SAVE

RECALL

SETUP

LIMIT

MARKER

ENTER

RECALL

RUN

SAVE

DISPLAY

HOLD

SYS

OFF

CALIBRATION

Figure 3-2. Calibration Setup

Step 1. Select the appropriate frequency range, as described in the procedure above. Step 2.

Press the START CAL key. The message “CONNECT OPEN or InstaCal TO RF Out PORT” will appear in the display.

Step 3.

Connect the calibrated Open and press the ENTER key. The messages “Mea suring OPEN” and “CONNECT SHORT TO RF Out” will appear.

Step 4.

Remove the Open, connect the calibrated Short and press the ENTER key. The messages “Measuring SHORT” and “CONNECT LOAD TO RF Out” will ap pear.

Step 5.

Remove the Short, connect the calibrated Termination and press the ENTER key. The messages “Measuring LOAD” will appear.

Step 6. Verify that the calibration has been properly performed by checking that the

“CAL ON” message is now displayed in the upper left corner of the display.

3-4

Chapter 3 Getting Started

InstaCal Module Verification

Verifying the InstaCal module before any line sweeping measurements is critical to the measured data. InstaCal module verification identifies any failures in the module due to cir cuitry damage or failure of the control circuitry. This test does not attempt to characterize the InstaCal module, which is performed at the factory or the service center.

The performance of the InstaCal module can be verified by the Termination method or the Offset method. The termination method is the preferred method in the field, and is similar to testing a bad load against a known good load.

Termination Method

The Termination method compares a precision load against the InstaCal Module and pro vides a baseline for other field measurements. A precision load provides better than 42 dB directivity.

Step 1. Set the frequency according to the device under test (cellular, PCS, GSM). Step 2. Step 3. Connect the InstaCal module to the Site Master RF OUT port and calibrate the

Step 4. Remove the InstaCal module from the RF OUT port and connect the precision

Step 5. Measure the return loss of the precision load. The level should be less than 35

Step 6.

Step 7.

Offset Method

An alternative to the termination method is to measure the return loss of a 20 dB offset. This is similar to measuring an antenna that has been specified to have a 20 dB return loss across the frequency of operation. A 20 dB offset provides a 20 dB return loss across a very wide frequency range. Measuring the return loss with the 20 dB offset will provide a rela tively flat response across the operating frequency range of the Site Master models (S113C, S114C, S331C, and S332C).

Press the MODE key and select

Site Master using the InstaCal module (page 3-6).

load to the RF OUT port.

dB across the calibrated frequency range. Press the MARKER key and set the M1 marker to

value should be less than 35 dB return loss. Press SAVE DISPLAY (page 3-12) name the trace, and press ENTER.

FREQ-RETURN LOSS mode.

MARKER TO PEAK. The M1

Step 1. Set the frequency according to the device under test (cellular, PCS, GSM). Step 2. Step 3. Connect the InstaCal module to the Site Master RF OUT port and calibrate the

Step 4. Remove the InstaCal module from the RF OUT port and connect the 20 dB Off

Step 5. Measure the return loss of the 20 dB Offset. The level should be 20 dB, ±2dB

Step 6.

Step 7.

Press the MODE key and select

Site Master using the InstaCal module (page 3-6).

set to the RF OUT port.

across the calibrated frequency range. Press the MARKER key and set the M1 marker to

value should be approximately 20 dB return loss. Press SAVE DISPLAY (page 3-12) name the trace, and press ENTER.

FREQ-RETURN LOSS mode.

MARKER TO PEAK. The M1

3-5

Chapter 3 Getting Started

InstaCal Module Calibration Procedure

The InstaCal module automatically calibrates the Site Master using the OSL method.

NOTE: The InstaCal module is not a discrete calibration component and it can not be used at the top of the tower to perform line sweep measurements.

Check that the “CAL OFF” message is displayed in the upper left corner of the display. This indicates that the Site Master has not been calibrated. The following procedure details how to perform the calibration using the InstaCal module.

Step 1. Select the appropriate frequency range, as described in the procedure above. Step 2.

Press the START CAL key. The message “CONNECT OPEN or InstaCal TO RF Out PORT” will appear in the display.

Step 3. Connect the InstaCal module to the RF Out port. Step 4.

Press the ENTER key. The Site Master senses the InstaCal module and auto matically calibrates the unit using the OSL procedure. The calibration should take about 45 seconds.

Step 5. Verify that the calibration has been properly performed by checking that the

CAL ON! message is displayed in the upper left corner of the display.

InstaCal

START CAL

SAVE SETUP

LIMIT

SAVE DISPLAY

OFF

MODULE

ESCAPE

CLEAR

AUTO SCALE

RECALL SETUP

MARKER

ENTER

RECALL

RUN

DISPLAY

HOLD

SYS

ModelICN50

10M z-4.0G

InstaCal

Site Master S332C

MODE

FREQ/DIST

AMPLITUDE

SWEEP

Figure 3-3. InstaCal Module Calibration

Calibration with the Test Port Extension Cable

If a Test Port Extension Cable is to be used, the Site Master must be calibrated with the Test Port Extension Cable in place. Follow the same calibration procedures as above with the OSL components or the InstaCal module in place at the end of the test port extension cable.

3-6

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Setting the Scale

Auto Scale

The Site Master can automatically set the scales to the minimum and maximum values of the measurement on the y-axis of the display. This function is particularly useful for mea surements in SWR mode. To automatically set the scales:

Step 1.

Press the AUTO SCALE key. The Site Master will automatically set the top and bottom scales to the minimum and maximum values of the measurement on the y-axis of the display.

Amplitude Scale

The following procedure sets the top and bottom scale display.

Step 2. Step 3. Press the

Step 4. Press the BOTTOM soft key and use the keypad or Up/Down arrow key to edit

NOTE: Typically the y-axis scale of the display is 0-54 dB (return loss) but for some measurements (for example, insertion loss) the scale should be changed to 0-10 dB. If the scale is not changed, some measurement results may not be easily displayed on the screen.

Press the AMPLITUDE key to call up the Scale Menu.

TOP soft key and use the keypad or Up/Down arrow key to edit the top

scale value.

the bottom scale value.

Set the Distance and Cable Type

In Distance-To-Fault (DTF) mode, the length of the transmission line (distance) and cable type are selected. The cable type determines the velocity propagation and cable attenuation factor. The following procedure can be used to set the distance and select the appropriate cable type.

NOTE: Selecting the correct cable is very important for accurate measurements and for identifying faults in the transmission line. Selecting the incorrect cable type will shift the DTF trace vertically and horizontally making it difficult to accu rately locate faults.

Step 1. Step 2. Select

Step 3. Press the Step 4. Enter the appropriate D2 value for the maximum length of the transmission line

Step 5. Press the

Press the MODE key.

DTF RETURN LOSS or DTF SWR mode. The Site Master automatically

sets D1 to zero.

D2 soft key.

and press the ENTER key to set the D2 value.

DTF AID soft key.

3-7

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Step 6. Using the Up/Down arrow key, select CABLE TYPE. Standard cable types are

stored in the Site Master cable list. This standard list may not be edited. A cus tom cable list can also be created.

Step 7. Using the

cable. The selected cable type, PROP VEL and CABLE LOSS in dB/ft (or dB/m) will be displayed.

Step 8.

Press ENTER.

Up/Down arrow key, select the appropriate list and select the type of

3-8

Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Selecting Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Step 1. Press the ON/OFF key.

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Step 2. Press the MODE key and use the Up/Down arrow key to select Spectrum Ana

lyzer mode. Press ENTER to set the mode.

Making a Measurement

Step 1. Step 2. Locate and display the signal(s) of interest by selecting the desired frequency,

Connect the input cable to the RF In test port.

span, and amplitude value.

Selecting the Frequency

Step 1. Step 2. To enter a center frequency, select the

Press the FREQ/DIST key to display the Frequency menu.

center frequency on the keypad. Select the cept the center frequency input.

To set a specific frequency band, select the sired start frequency on the keypad. Select the accept the start frequency input. Then select the sired stop frequency on the keypad. Select the accept the stop frequency input.

Selecting the Span

Step 1.

Press the FREQ/DIST key to display the Frequency menu.

CENTER soft key and enter the desired

GHz, MHz, kHz,orHz softkey to ac

START soft key and enter the de-

GHz, MHz, kHz,orHz softkey to

STOP soft key and enter the de-

GHz, MHz, kHz,orHz softkey to

Step 2. Press the Step 3. To set a specific span, enter the desired span on the keypad and select the

MHz, kHz,orHz soft key to accept the input.

For a full span, select the START and STOP frequencies set above.

For a single frequency measurement, select the

NOTE: To quickly move the span value up or down, select the SPAN UP 1-2-5 or

SPAN DOWN 1-2-5 soft keys. These keys facilitate a zoom-in, zoom-out in a

1-2-5 sequence.

SPAN soft key to display the Span menu.

FULL soft key. Selecting FULL will override the

ZERO soft key.

Selecting the Amplitude

Step 1. Step 2. Press the

Press the AMPLITUDE key.

UNITS soft key and select the desired units from the soft keys pre

sented. Press the

BACK soft key to return to the Amplitude menu.

GHz,

3-9

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Step 3. Press the REF LEVEL soft key and use the up/down arrow key or directly enter

the desired reference level from the keypad. Press ENTER to set the amplitude level.

Step 4. Press the

desired scale from the keypad. Press ENTER to set the scale.

NOTE: Press the ATTEN soft key and select AUTO coupling of the attenuator setting and the reference level to help insure that harmonics and spurs are not introduced into the measurements. See Attenuator Functions (page ) for more information.

SCALE soft key and use the up/down arrow key or directly enter the

Selecting Bandwidth Parameters

Both resolution bandwidth (RBW) and video bandwidth (VBW) can be automatically or manually coupled. Auto coupling of the RBW links the RBW to the span. That is, the wider the span, the wider the RBW. Auto coupling is indicated on the display as the RBW is manually coupled, it can be adjusted independently of the span. Manual RBW coupling is indicated on the display as

Auto coupling of the VBW links the VBW to the RBW. That is, the wider the RBW, the wider the VBW. Auto coupling is indicated on the display as “VBW XXX”. When the VBW is manually coupled, it can be adjusted independently of the RBW. Manual VBW coupling is indicated on the display as “VBW* XXX”.

Step 1. Step 2. To select the resolution bandwidth, press the

Press the BW/SWEEP key to display the bandwidth menu.

RBW* XXX.

RBW soft key.

RBW XXX. When

Step 3. Press

Step 4. To select the video bandwidth, press the Step 5. Press

AUTO for automatic resolution bandwidth selection, or press MANUAL and

use the Up/Down arrow key to select the resolution bandwidth. Press ENTER to set the resolution bandwidth. Press the menu

AUTO for automatic video bandwidth selection, or press MANUAL and use

the Up/Down arrow key to select the video bandwidth. Press ENTER to set the video bandwidth.

BACK soft key to return to the bandwidth

VBW soft key.

Selecting Sweep Parameters

Max Hold

To toggle maximum hold ON or OFF, press the plays the maximum response of the input signal over multiple sweeps.

Detection Method

Each display point represents some number of measurements combined by a detection method. The number of measurements per display point is affected by the span and the res olution bandwidth. The three available detection methods are Positive Peak, Average, and Negative Peak. Positive peak display the maximum value of all the measurements associ ated with that display point. Average detection displays the mean of all the measurements associated with that display point. Negative peak displays the minimum value of all the measurements associated with that display point.

MAX HOLD soft key. Maximum hold dis

3-10

Chapter 3 Getting Started

To set the detection method, press the DETECTION soft key and select either POSITIVE

PEAK, AVERAGE,

Sweep Average

In order to reduce the effects of noise, it may be desirable to average the results of several sweeps and display that average rather than the results of individual sweeps.

or NEGATIVE PEAK detection.

To set the number of sweeps to average, press the up/down arrow key or directly enter the desired number of sweeps from the keypad. Press ENTER to set the sweep average.

NOTE: MAX HOLD and AVERAGE are mutually exclusive.

AVERAGE (1-25) soft key and use the

Adjusting Attenuator Settings

The spectrum analyzer attenuation can be automatically coupled, manually coupled, or dy namically adjusted.

Step 1. Step 2. Press the Step 3. Select the soft key corresponding to the desired coupling mode, as described be-

Auto Coupling

Auto coupling of the attenuation links the attenuation to the reference level. That is, the higher the reference level, the higher the attenuation. Auto coupling is indicated on the display as

Manual Coupling

When manually coupled, the attenuation can be adjusted independently of the reference level. Manual attenuation coupling is indicated on the display as

Press the AMPLITUDE key.

ATTEN soft key.

low.

ATTEN XX dB.

ATTEN* XX dB.

IMPORTANT!

The attenuation should be adjusted such that the maximum signal amplitude at the input mixer is –30 dBm or less. For example, if the reference level is +20 dBm, the attenuation should be 50 dB such that the input signal at the mixer is –30 dBm (+20 – 50 = –30). This prevents signal compression.

Dynamic Attenuation

Dynamic attenuation tracks the input signal level, automatically adjusting the reference level to the peak input signal. When dynamic attenuation is enabled, the attenuation is auto matically coupled to the reference level.

Dynamic attenuation is indicated on the display as

ATTEN# XX dB.

3-11

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Site Master and Spectrum Analyzer Modes

Save and Recall a Setup

Saving a Setup

Saving a setup configuration in memory will preserve the calibration information.

Step 1. To save the configuration in one of the 10 available user setup locations, press

SAVE SETUP .

Step 2. Use the key pad or the Up/Down arrow key to select a location (1 - 10). Step 3.

NOTE: A manual calibration setup will be saved with an OSL designator. An InstaCal setup will be saved with an ICAL designation.

Press ENTER to save the setup.

Recalling a Setup

The following procedure recalls a setup from memory.

Step 1. Step 2. Select the desired setup using the Up/Down arrow key. Step 3.

Press the RECALL SETUP key.

Press ENTER to recall the setup.

Save and Recall a Display

Saving a Display

The following procedure saves a display to memory.

Step 1.

Step 2. Use the soft keys to enter a label for the saved trace.

Press the SAVE DISPLAY key to activate the alphanumeric menu for trace storage.

For example, to save a display with the name “TX1 RETURN LOSS” press the soft key group that contains the letter “T” then press the “T” soft key. Press the soft key group that contains the letter “X” then press the “X” soft key. Press the number “1” key on the numeric keypad. Use the softkeys and keypad as neces sary to enter the entire name, then press ENTER to complete the process.

NOTE: More than one trace can be saved using the same alphanumeric name, as traces are stored chronologically, using the time/date stamp.

Recalling a Display

The following procedure recalls a previously saved display from memory.

Step 1. Step 2. Select the desired display using the Up/Down arrow key.

Press the RECALL DISPLAY key.

3-12

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Step 3.

Press ENTER to recall the display.

Changing the Units

By default, the Site Master displays information in metric units. Use the following proce dure to change the display to English units.

Step 1. Step 2. Select the Step 3. Press

Press the SYS key.

OPTIONS soft key.

UNITS to change from metric to English measurement units, or vice versa.

The current selection is displayed at the bottom left corner of the screen.

Changing the Display Language

By default, the Site Master displays messages in English. To change the display language:

Step 1. Step 2. Select the Step 3. Select the desired language. Choices are English, French, German, Spanish, Chi

Press the SYS key.

Language soft key.

nese, and Japanese. The default language is English.

Adjusting Markers

Step 1.

Press the MARKER key to call up the Markers menu.

Step 2. Press the Step 3. Press the

Up/Down arrow key. Select the marker frequency input. Pressing the ON/OFF soft key activates or deactivates the M1 marker function.

Step 4. Press the Step 5. Repeat the steps for markers M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6.

M1 soft key to select the M1 marker function.

EDIT soft key and enter an appropriate value using the keypad or

GHz, MHz, kHz,orHz softkey to accept the

BACK soft key to return to the Markers Menu.

Adjusting Limits

The Site Master offers two types of limits: a single horizontal limit line and segmented lim its.

Adjusting a Single Limit

Step 1. Step 2. Press the Step 3. Press the Step 4. Either enter the value using the numeric keypad or scroll the limit line using the

Step 5.

Press the LIMIT key.

SINGLE LIMIT soft key. EDIT soft key.

UP/DOWN arrow key. Press ENTER to set the location of the limit line.

The single limit line can be defined as either an upper limit or a lower limit.

3-13

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Defining an UPPER Limit

An upper limit is one where the measurement fails if the data appears ABOVE the limit line.

Press the

FAIL IF DATA IS: ABOVE LINE.

BEEP AT LEVEL soft key, if necessary, so that the status window says:

Defining a LOWER Limit

A lower limit is one where the measurement fails if the data appears BELOW the limit line.

Press the

FAIL IF DATA IS: BELOW LINE.

BEEP AT LEVEL soft key, if necessary, so that the status window says:

Adjusting Segmented Limits

Segmented limit lines are defined separately as five upper limit segments and five lower limit segments. This allows the definition of a spectral mask.

A limit segment is defined by its end points. That is, starting frequency, starting amplitude, ending frequency, and ending amplitude. This procedure describes the setting of two upper limit segments. The steps can be carried over to the other upper limit segments as well as to the lower limit segments.

Step 1. Step 2. Press the Step 3. Press the Step 4. Press the

Press the LIMIT key.

MULTIPLE UPPER LIMITS soft key. SEGMENT 1 soft key. EDIT soft key. The status window will display the value of the segment

endpoints:

ST FREQ, ST LIMIT, END FREQ, END LIMIT. The current parameter

is highlighted. When you first press the

EDIT soft key, the value of the ST

FREQ parameter is highlighted.

Step 5. Either enter the value using the numeric keypad or scroll the limit line using the

UP/DOWN arrow key.

Step 6. When editing the start frequency or end frequency, the unit terminator keys

GHz, MHz, kHz, Hz) will appear on the soft keys. Press the appropriate termina

( tor key to continue. The

ST LIMIT parameter will now be highlighted.

Step 7. Either enter the value using the numeric keypad or scroll the limit line using the

UP/DOWN arrow key.

Step 8.

Press the ENTER key to continue.

Step 9. Repeat Steps 5 and 6 for the end frequency. Step 10. Repeat Step 7 for the end limit. Step 11. Press the

MENT

OFF, pressing the

NEXT SEGMENT soft key to move on to segment 2 (If the NEXT SEG

soft key is not available, press ENTER). If the status of segment 2 is

NEXT SEGMENT soft key will automatically set the start

point of segment 2 equal to the end point of segment 1.

Step 12. Repeat Steps 4 through 11 for the remaining segments. Step 13. When the final segment is defined, press the

EDIT soft key again to end the edit

ing process.

3-14

Chapter 3 Getting Started

NOTE: The Site Master does not allow overlapping limit segments of the same type. That is, two upper limit segments cannot overlap and two lower limit seg ments cannot overlap.

The Site Master also does not allow vertical limit segments. A limit segment in which the start and end frequencies are the same, but the limit values are differ ent, cannot be specified.

Enabling the Limit Beep

Both limit types can indicate a limit violation by enabling the LIMIT BEEP. An audible "beep" will sound at each data point that violates the defined limit.

Step 1. Step 2. Press the

The status window will indicate that the status of the limit beep is ON, and the soft key will remain in the "down" state. Press the

Press the LIMIT key.

LIMIT BEEP soft key.

LIMIT BEEP soft key again to disable the limit beep.

Adjusting the Display Contrast

The contrast of the Site Master display can be adjusted to accommodate varying light con ditions and to help discern traces when using the Trace Overlay feature (see page ).

Step 1. Press the contrast key (numeric keypad number 2). Step 2. Adjust the contrast using the UP/DOWN arrow key. Step 3.

Press ENTER to save the new setting.

Setting the System Language

The Site Master can operate in English, French, German, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese. To select a language:

Step 1. Step 2. Press the

Press the SYS key.

Language soft key to advance through the available languages. Stop

when the desired language is reached.

Setting the System Impedance

The Site Master RF In and RF Out ports both have 50 W impedance. The firmware of the Site Master can compensate for a 50 to 75 W adapter on the

Step 1. Step 2. Press the Step 3. Press the soft key corresponding to the adapter. The loss of the Anritsu

Step 4. If an adapter other than the Anritsu 12N50-75B is to be used, press the

Step 5. Either enter the loss value using the numeric keypad or scroll the value using the

Step 6.

Press the SYS key.

75 W soft key.

12N50-75B is pre-programmed, and no further action is required.

ADAPTER OFFSET

UP/DOWN arrow key. Press ENTER to set the loss value.

soft key.

RF In port.

OTHER

3-15

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Printing

Printing is accomplished by selecting an available printer and pressing the print key as de scribed below. Refer to the particular printer operating manual for specific printer settings.

Printing a Screen

Step 1. Connect the printer as shown in Figure 3-4.

SEIKO PRINTER

Site Master S332C

MODE

FREQ/DIST

AMPLITUDE

SWEEP

Figure 3-4-. Site Master Printer Setup

ESCAPE

CLEAR

START

AUTO

CAL

SCALE

SAVE

RECALL

SETUP

LIMIT

MARKER

ENTER

RECALL

RUN

SAVE

DISPLAY

HOLD

SYS

OFF

SERIAL CABLE

2000-1012

SERIAL-TO-PARALLEL

INTERFACECABLE

2000-753

HP 350

DESKJET

Step 2. Obtain the desired measurement display Step 3.

Figure 3-5-. SYS Key and OPTIONS Soft Key

Press the SYS key and the

Site Master S332C

FREQ/DIST

MODE

AMPLITUDE

OPTIONS soft key (Figure 3-5) .

ESCAPE

CLEAR

OPTIONS

CLOCK

SELF TEST

STATUS

SWEEP

START

AUTO

CAL

SCALE

RECALL

SAVE SETUP

SETUP

LIMIT

MARKER

ENTER

RECALL

SAVE DISPLAY

OFF

RUN

DISPLAY

HOLD

SYS

PTION

SYS

3-16

Chapter 3 Getting Started

PRINTER

Step 4. Press the PRINTER soft key and select from the displayed menu of supported

printers.

Step 5.

Press the PRINT key. (Figure 3-6).

MODE

FREQ/DIST

Site Master S332C

PRINTER

CHANGE

DATE

AMPLITUDE

SWEEP

START CAL

SAVE SETUP

LIMIT

SAVE DISPLAY

OFF

ESCAPE

CLEAR

AUTO SCALE

RECALL SETUP

MARKER

ENTER

RECALL

RUN

DISPLAY

HOLD

SYS

Figure 3-6-. PRINTER Soft Key and PRINT Key

Printer Switch Settings

Set the switches, SW1, SW2, and SW3, on the Seiko DPU-414 thermal printer as follows:

Switch

SW1 OFF ON ON ON ON OFF ON ON SW2 ON ON ON ON ON ON ON OFF SW3 ON ON ON OFF OFF ON ON ON

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Set the switches on the serial-to-parallel interface cable to the HP Deskjet 350 ink jet printer as follows:

SW1

OFF ON OFF OFF OFF OFF ON OFF

SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8

3-17

Chapter 3 Getting Started

Using the Soft Carrying Case

The soft carrying case has been designed such that the strap can be unsnapped to allow the case to be easily oriented horizontally; thus allowing the Anritsu controls to be more easily accessed (Figure 3-7).

Figure 3-7. Using the Site Master Soft Carrying Case

3-18

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Introduction

This chapter provides a description of cable and antenna measurements, including line sweeping fundamentals and line sweeping measurement procedures, available when the Site Master is in frequency or DTF mode.

Line Sweep Fundamentals

In wireless communication, the transmit and receive antennas are connected to the radio through a transmission line. This transmission line is usually a coaxial cable or waveguide. This connection system is referred to as a transmission feed line system. Figure 4-1 shows an example of a typical transmission feed line system.

Figure 4-1. A Typical Transmission Feed Line System

4-1

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

The performance of a transmission feed line system may be effected by excessive signal re flection and cable loss. Signal reflection occurs when the RF signal reflects back due to an impedance mismatch or change in impedance caused by excessive kinking or bending of the transmission line. Cable loss is caused by attenuation of the signal as it passes through the transmission line and connectors.

To verify the performance of the transmission feed line system and analyze these problems, three types of line sweeps are required:

Return Loss Measurement¾Measures the reflected power of the system in decibels (dB). This measurement can also be taken in the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) mode, which is the ratio of the transmitted power to the reflected power. However, the return loss measurement is typically used for most field applications.

Insertion Loss Measurement¾Measures the energy absorbed, or lost, by the transmission line in dB/ft or dB/meter. Different transmission lines have different losses, and the loss is frequency and distance specific. The higher the frequency or longer the distance, the greater the loss.

Distance-To-Fault (DTF) Measurement¾Reveals the precise fault location of compo nents in the transmission line system. This test helps to identify specific problems in the system, such as connector transitions, jumpers, kinks in the cable or moisture intrusion.

The different measurements are defined as:

Return Loss - System Sweep¾A measurement made when the antenna is connected at the end of the transmission line. This measurement provides an analysis of how the various components of the system are interacting and provides an aggregate return loss of the entire system.

Distance To Fault - Load Sweep¾A measurement made with the antenna disconnected and replaced with a 50W precision load at the end of the transmission line. This measure ment allows analysis of the various components of the transmission feed line system in the DTF mode.

Cable Loss - Insertion Loss Sweep¾A measurement made when a short is connected at the end of the transmission line. This condition allows analysis of the signal loss through the transmission line and identifies the problems in the system. High insertion loss in the feed line or jumpers can contribute to poor system performance and loss of coverage.

This whole process of measurements and testing the transmission line system is called Line Sweeping.

Information Required for a Line Sweep

The following information must be determined before attempting a line sweep measure ment:

System Frequency Range, to set the sweep frequency

Cable Type, to set the cable characteristics for DTF measurements

4-2

Distance of the Cable Run, to set the distance for DTF measurements

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Typical Line Sweep Test Procedures

This section provides typical line sweep measurements used to analyze the performance of a transmission feed line system.

System Return Loss Measurement

System return loss measurement verifies the performance of the transmission feed line sys tem with the antenna connected at the end of the transmission line. To measure the system return loss:

Required Equipment

Site Master Model S113C, S114C, S331C, or S332C

Precision Open/Short, Anritsu 22N50 or

Precision Open/Short/Load, Anritsu OSLN50LF Precision Load, Anritsu SM/PL

Test Port Extension Cable, Anritsu 15NNF50-1.5C

Optional 510-90 Adapter, DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ohm, 7/16(F)-N(M)

Anritsu InstaCal Module, ICN50

Device Under Test

Transmission Feed Line with Antenna

Procedure

Step 1. Press the Step 2. Select FREQ-RETURN LOSS using the Up/Down arrow key and press

MODE key.

ENTER.

Step 3. Set the start and stop frequencies, F1 and F2, as described on page 3-2.

Step 4. Calibrate the Site Master as described on page 3-2. Step 5. Connect the Device Under Test to the Site Master. A trace will be displayed on

the screen when the Site Master is in the sweep mode.

Step 6. Press

SAVE DISPLAY (page 3-12) name the trace, and press ENTER.

NOTE: The antenna must be connected at the end of the transmission feed line when conducting a System Return Loss measurement.

4-3

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Figure 4-2 is an example of a typical system return loss trace:

Figure 4-2. Typical System Return Loss Trace

NOTE: The system sweep trace should appear at an approximate return loss of 15 dB (±3 dB) on the display. In general, a 15 dB return loss is measured in the passband of the antenna system.

Insertion Loss Measurement

The transmission feed line insertion loss test verifies the signal attenuation level of the cable system in reference to the specification. This test can be conducted with the Site Master in either FREQ–CABLE LOSS or FREQ–RETURN LOSS mode. In Cable Loss mode, the Site Master automatically considers the signal traveling in both directions when calculating the insertion loss, making the measurement easier for the user in the field. Both methods are explained below.

Required Equipment

Site Master Model S113C, S114C, S331C, or S332C

Precision Open/Short, Anritsu 22N50 or Precision Open/Short/Load, Anritsu OSLN50LF

Precision Load, Anritsu SM/PL

Test Port Extension Cable, Anritsu 15NNF50-1.5C

Optional 510-90 Adapter, DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ohm, 7/16(F)-N(M)

Anritsu InstaCal Module, ICN50

Device Under Test

Transmission Feed Line with Short

Procedure - Cable Loss Mode

4-4

Step 1. Press the

MODE key.

Step 2. Select FREQ-CABLE LOSS using the Up/Down arrow key and press

ENTER.

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Step 3. Set the start and stop frequencies, F1 and F2, as described on page 3-2. Step 4. Connect the Test Port Extension cable to the RF port and calibrate the Site Mas

ter as described on page 3-2.

Step 5. Save the calibration set up (page 3-12). Step 6. Connect the Device Under Test to the Site Master phase stable Test Port Exten

sion cable. A trace will be displayed on the screen as long as the Site Master is in sweep mode.

Step 7. Press the

AMPLITUDE key and set the TOP and BOTTOM values of the dis

play. In the example below, the TOP is set to 2, and the BOTTOM is set to 5.

Step 8. Press the

MARKER key.

Step 9. Set M1 to MARKER TO PEAK. Step 10. Set M2 to MARKER TO VALLEY. Step 11. Calculate the measured insertion loss by averaging M1 (marker to peak) and M2

(marker to valley) as follows:

InsertionLoss

Step 12. Press

SAVE DISPLAY (page 3-12) name the trace, and press ENTER.

+12

Step 13. Verify the measured insertion loss against the calculated insertion loss. For

example:

First Jumper Main Feeder Top Jumper

Type Attenuation (dB/ft)

LDF4-50A 0.0325 20 0.65 LDF5-50A 0.0186 150 2.79 LDF4-50A 0.0325 10 0.325

´ Length (ft) = Loss (dB)

Number of connector pairs (3) times the loss per pair (in dB) equals the connec tor loss: 3 ´ 0.14 = 0.42.

The insertion loss of the transmission system is equal to:

First Jumper loss + Main Feeder Loss + Top Jumper Loss + Connector Loss:

0.65 + 2.79 + 0.325 + 0.42 = 4.19 dB

4-5

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Figure 4-3 is an example of a typical transmission line cable loss trace.

Figure 4-3. Typical Transmission Line Cable Loss Trace

Procedure - Return Loss Mode

Step 1. Press the Step 2. Select FREQ-RETURN LOSS using the Up/Down arrow key and press

MODE key.

ENTER.

Step 3. Set the start and stop frequencies, F1 and F2, as described on page 3-2. Step 4. Connect the Test Port Extension cable to the RF port and calibrate the Site Mas-

ter as described on page 3-2.

Step 5. Save the calibration set up (page 3-12). Step 6. Connect the Device Under Test to the Site Master phase stable Test Port Exten-

sion cable. A trace will be displayed on the screen as long as the Site Master is in sweep mode.

Step 7. Press the

AMPLITUDE key and set TOP and BOTTOM values of the display. In

the example below, the TOP is set to 4, and the BOTTOM is set to 10.

Step 8. Press the

MARKER key.

Step 9. Set M1 to MARKER TO PEAK. Step 10. Set M2 to MARKER TO VALLEY. Step 11. Calculate the insertion loss by averaging M1 (marker to peak) and M2 (marker

to valley) and dividing by two as follows:

+12

InsertionLoss

4-6

Step 12. Press

SAVE DISPLAY (page 3-12) name the trace, and press ENTER.

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Figure 4-4 is an example of a typical insertion loss measurement in return loss mode.

Figure 4-4. Typical Return Loss Trace

4-7

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Distance-To-Fault (DTF) Transmission Line Test

The Distance-To-Fault transmission line test verifies the performance of the transmission line assembly and its components and identifies the fault locations in the transmission line system. This test determines the return loss value of each connector pair, cable component and cable to identify the problem location. This test can be performed in the DTF–RE TURN LOSS or DTF–SWR mode. Typically, for field applications, the DTF–RETURN LOSS mode is used. To perform this test, disconnect the antenna and connect the load at the end of the transmission line.

Required Equipment

Site Master Model S113C, S114C, S331C, or S332C

Precision Open/Short, Anritsu 22N50 or

Precision Open/Short/Load, Anritsu OSLN50LF Precision Load, Anritsu SM/PL

Test Port Extension Cable, Anritsu 15NNF50-1.5C

Optional 510-90 Adapter, DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ohm, 7/16(F)-N(M)

Anritsu InstaCal Module, ICN50

Device Under Test

Transmission Feed Line with Load

Procedure - Return Loss Mode

The following steps explain how to make a DTF measurement in return loss mode.

Step 1. Press the Step 2. Select DTF-RETURN LOSS using the Up/Down arrow key and press

MODE key.

ENTER.

Step 3. Connect the Test Port Extension cable to the RF port and calibrate the Site Mas-

ter as described on page 3-2.

Step 4. Save the calibration set up (page 3-12). Step 5. Connect the Device Under Test to the Site Master phase stable Test Port Exten

sion cable. A trace will be displayed on the screen as long as the Site Master is in sweep mode.

Step 6. Press the Step 7. Set the Step 8. Press the

FREQ/DIST key.

D1 and D2 values. The Site Master default for D1 is zero.

DTF AID soft key and select the appropriate CABLE TYPE to set the

correct propagation velocity and attenuation factor.

NOTE: Selecting the right propagation velocity, attenuation factor and distance is very important for accurate measurements, otherwise the faults can not be identified accurately and insertion loss will be incorrect.

4-8

Step 9. Press

SAVE DISPLAY (page 3-12) name the trace, and press ENTER.

Step 10. Record the connector transitions.

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Figure 4-5 shows an example of a typical DTF return loss trace.

Figure 4-5. Typical DTF Return Loss Trace

In the above example:

Marker M1 marks the first connector, the end of the Site Master phase stable Test

Port Extension cable.

Marker M2 marks the first jumper cable.

Marker M3 marks the end of the main feeder cable.

Marker M4 is the load at the end of the entire transmission line.

Procedure - DTF-SWR Mode

The following steps explain how to measure DTF in SWR mode.

Step 1. Press the Step 2. Select the

MODE key.

DTF-SWR using the Up/Down arrow key and press ENTER.

Step 3. Follow the same procedure as DTF-Return Loss Mode, above.

Resolution

There are three sets of data points (130, 259 and 517) available in the Site Master. The fac tory default is 259 data points. By increasing the number of data points the measurement accuracy and transmission line distance to measure will increase.

Step size = Where V

nus the start frequency (Hz). The maximum distance is: D

(. )( )15 108´ Vp

is the relative propagation velocity of the cable and DF is the stop frequency mi

= step size ´ (# of datapoints – 1)

max

Increasing the data points increases the sweep time and increases the accuracy of the mea surement.

4-9

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

Antenna Subsystem Return Loss Test

Antenna Subsystem return loss measurement verifies the performance of the transmit and receive antennas. This measurement can be used to analyze the performance of the antenna before installation. The antenna can be tested for the entire frequency band, or tested to a specific frequency range. Transmit and receive frequency measurements are conducted sep arately. The following steps explain how to measure the antenna loss in return loss mode.

Required Equipment

Site Master Model S113C, S114C, S331C, or S332C

Precision Open/Short, Anritsu 22N50 or

Precision Open/Short/Load, Anritsu OSLN50LF Precision Load, Anritsu SM/PL

Test Port Extension Cable, Anritsu 15NNF50-1.5C

Optional 510-90 Adapter, DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ohm, 7/16(F)-N(M)

Anritsu InstaCal Module, ICN50

Device Under Test

Antenna Sub Assembly

Procedure

Step 1. Press the Step 2. Select FREQ-RETURN LOSS using the Up/Down arrow key and press

MODE key.

ENTER.

Step 3. Connect the Test Port Extension cable to the RF port and calibrate the Site Mas-

ter as described on page 3-2.

Step 4. Press

SAVE SETUP and save the calibration set up (page 3-12).

Step 5. Connect the Device Under Test to the Site Master phase stable Test Port Exten-

sion cable.

Step 6. Press the

MARKER key.

Step 7. Set markers M1 and M2 to the desired frequency. Step 8. Record the lowest return loss over the specified frequency. Step 9. Press

SAVE DISPLAY (page 3-12) name the trace, and press ENTER.

4-10

Chapter 4 Cable & Antenna Measurements

The following trace is an example of an antenna return loss trace.

Figure 4-6. Antenna Return Loss Trace

Calculate the threshold value and compare the recorded Lowest Return Loss to the calculated threshold value.

20 1

log VSWR

Maximum Return Loss =

NOTE: VSWR is the antenna manufacturer’s specified VSWR.

If the measured return loss is less than the calculated threshold value, the test fails and the antenna must be replaced.

()

VSWR

()

4-11/4-12

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Spectrum Analyzer Fundamentals

Advanced measurements require the use of additional spectrum analyzer functions beyond frequency, span, amplitude and marker functions. In particular, this section will focus on resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep, and attenuator functions.

Effect of Resolution Bandwidth

Resolution Bandwidth is determined by the intermediate frequency (IF) filter bandwidth. The spectrum analyzer traces the shape of its IF filter as it tunes past a signal. If more than one IF filter is used in a spectrum analyzer, the narrowest one dominates and is considered the resolution bandwidth.

The choice of resolution bandwidth depends on several factors. Filters take time to settle. That is, when a signal first appears at the input of the filter, it will take a while before the signal appears at the output. Additionally, the output of the filter will take some time to settle to the correct value, so that it can be measured. The narrower the filter bandwidth (resolution bandwidth) the longer the settling time.

The choice of resolution bandwidth will depend on the signal being measured. If two signals are to be measured individually, then a narrow bandwidth is required. If a wider bandwidth is used, then the energy of both signals will be included in the measurement. Thus, the wider bandwidth does not have the ability to look at frequencies selectively but instead must measure across their entire frequency range at all times.

Therefore, a broadband measurement would include the fundamental frequency, harmonics, spurious responses, and noise in the measurement. On the other hand a narrow-band mea surement will filter out all but the desired frequency components, resulting in a measure ment that includes only the fundamental. There are advantages to each. The ultimate decision will be dependent on the type of measurement required by the user.

There is always some amount of noise present in a measurement. Noise is often broadband in nature; that is, it exists at a broad range of frequencies in the frequency domain. If the noise is included in the measurement, the measured value will be in error (too large) de pending on the noise level. With a wide bandwidth, more noise is included in the measure ment. With a narrow bandwidth, very little noise enters the resolution bandwidth filter, and the measurement is more accurate. If the resolution bandwidth is narrower, the noise floor will drop on the display of the spectrum analyzer. This is because the IF filter of the ana lyzer has been made narrower in bandwidth, which lets in less noise. As the measured noise level drops, smaller signals that were previously obscured by the noise can now be mea sured. As a general rule of thumb, most field spectrum analyzer measurements are made at a resolution bandwidth of 30 kHz.

5-1

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Effect of Video Bandwidth

Spectrum analyzers typically use another type of filtering after the detector called VIDEO FILTERING. This filter also affects the noise on the display but in a different manner than the resolution bandwidth. In video filtering, the average level of the noise remains the same but the variation in the noise is reduced. Hence, the effect of video filtering is a “smooth ing” of the signal noise. The resultant effect on the analyzer’s display is that the noise floor compresses into a thinner trace, while the position of the trace remains the same. Thus, changing the video bandwidth (VBW) does not improve sensitivity; however, it does im prove discernability and repeatability when making low-level measurements.

As a general rule of thumb, most field spectrum analyzer measurements are made at a video bandwidth that is a factor of 10 to 100 less than the resolution bandwidth. Thus, for a reso lution bandwidth of 30 kHz, the typical video bandwidth setting options are either 3 kHz or 300 Hz.

Sweep Limitations

With some spectrum analyzers, the user has control over sweep time (the elapsed time of each sweep, sometimes called scan time). The analyzer cannot be swept arbitrarily fast while maintaining its specified accuracy, but will have a sweep rate limitation depending on the resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, and frequency range selected. The sweep rate is not usually chosen by the user but is determined by the frequency range swept divided by the sweep time.

The limitation on sweep rate comes from the settling or response time of the resolution and video bandwidth filters. If an analyzer is swept very quickly, the filters do not have time to respond, and the measurement is inaccurate. Under such conditions, the analyzer display tends to have a “smeared” look to it, with the spectral lines being wider than normal and shifted to the right.

Fortunately, the Anritsu Hand Held Spectrum Analyzer has mechanisms designed into it that unburden the user from having to calculate the sweep rate.

When changing the RBW and VBW, the sweep rate will change accordingly. The sweep rate will be faster for a wide RBW or VBW and slower for a narrow RBW or VBW.

Attenuator Functions

Attenuation adjusts the hand held spectrum analyzer input attenuator. In reference level is increased, the attenuation is increased. In manual ( input attenuation can be adjusted by using the Up/down arrow key. The attenuator range is 0 to 50 dB, in 10 dB steps.

IMPORTANT! Attenuation is normally a coupled function and is automatically adjusted when the reference level changes. The reference level will not change however, when the attenuator changes. The attenuator should be adjusted so that the maximum signal amplitude at the input mixer is –30 dBm or less. For example, if the reference level is + 20 dBm, the attenuation should be 50 dB for an input signal of –30 dBm at the mixer (+20 – 50 = –30). This prevents signal compression.

AUTO mode, as the

MANUAL) mode, the

5-2

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Site Master Spectrum Analyzer Features

AM/FM Modulation

Modulation is the process of translating some low frequency or baseband signal (voice, mu sic, or data) to a higher frequency. In the modulation process, some characteristic of a car rier signal (usually amplitude or frequency) is changed in direct proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the baseband signal.

The following procedure describes how to measure signals with AM and FM types of mod ulation. It shows how to tune the signal on the spectrum analyzer display.

Amplitude Modulation

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

desired. If the unit is off, hold down the ESC/CLEAR key while pressing the ON/OFF key. If the unit is already on, press the RECALL SETUP key on the data keypad. When the key is pressed, a Recall Trace selection box appears on the display. Select setup location 0 to recall the factory preset state.

Step 2. Connect a signal source to the spectrum analyzer input. Step 3. Set the source to a carrier frequency of 100 MHz, –25 dBm, with an amplitude

modulation of about 35 kHz at 10% modulation.

Step 4. Set the spectrum analyzer center frequency to 100 MHz. Set the span to 500

kHz.

Step 5.

Additional modulation information can be determined from the carrier signal and sideband. For example, the difference between the carrier frequency and the sideband frequency can be found by pressing turning on and positioning Marker M2 over an upper or lower side band frequency and pressing the ing frequency of 35 kHz as the value of delta Marker 2.

To determine the frequency of the carrier, press the MARKER key and key. Then press the M1 on and set it to the center frequency.

MARKER TO PEAK soft key to automatically turn marker

DELTA (M2-M1) soft key. Figure 5-1 shows the modulat

M1 soft

Figure 5-1. Amplitude Modulation

5-3

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

The markers read the frequency difference between the two signals, which is equal to the modulating frequency. The marker also reads the difference in amplitude. This difference in amplitude between the two signals can be used to determine the percentage of modula tion. Use the following formula to calculate the percentage of modulation:

ESBdB ECdB

() () log-=20

Where E dB, and m is the degree of modulation (multiply by 100 to get the percentage).

NOTE: Unequal amplitudes of the lower and upper sidebands indicate inciden tal FM on the input signal. Incidental FM can reduce the accuracy of percent age-of-modulation measurements.

(dB) is the energy in the sidebands in dB, EC(dB) is the energy in the carrier in

Frequency Modulation

This section contains general information about frequency modulation, and an example of using the Site Master to display a FM signal.

Frequency modulations are generated when a modulating signal, fmod, causes an instanta neous frequency deviation of the modulated carrier. The peak frequency deviation, Dfpeak, is proportional to the instantaneous amplitude of fmod, and the rate of deviation is proportional to the frequency of the fmod.

The FM index,b, is defined as:

In general, the spectrum analyzer is a very useful tool for measuring Dfpeak andbadjustments of FM transmitters. FM is composed of an infinite number of sidebands. In practice,

the spectrum of a FM signal is not infinite. The side band amplitudes become negligibly small beyond a certain frequency offset for the carrier, depending on the value ofb.

D fpeak

f mod

To demonstrate the properties of an FM signal, we will use a carrier frequency of 100 MHz and test for FM deviation accuracy at 25 kHz. With abvalue of 2, we need a 50 kHz modu lating signal.

Step 1. Connect the FM signal source to the input of the Site Master. Step 2. Set the reference level to 0 dBm. Step 3. Set the attenuation coupling to AUTO. Step 4. On the signal source, set the carrier frequency to 100 MHz, modulating fre

quency to 50 kHz, carrier power to –10 dBm, and deviation to 25 kHz.

Step 5. Set the center frequency of the Site Master to 100 MHz, span to 500 kHz, reso

lution bandwidth to 10 kHz, and video bandwidth to 1 kHz.

You will see a carrier signal at 100 MHz and 3 sidebands on each side (Figure 5-2). The side bands are separated by 50 kHz (shown by the value of DM2), which is the fmod.

5-4

Figure 5-2. GSM Adjacent Channel Power Measurement

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

5-5

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Field Strength Measurements

All antennas have loss or gain that can cause errors in measurements. The Site Master can correct for antenna loss or gain errors using Field Strength Measurements.

The antenna factors must be uploaded to the Site Master using the Anritsu Software Tools provided with the unit. These antenna factors can then be used to correct for the measure ment error.

Step 1. Enter the antenna factor information for the specific antenna into the antenna ed

itor of the Software Tools (see page 7-7).

Step 2. Step 3. Use the Up/Down arrow key to select the Spectrum Analyzer mode and press

Step 4. Upload the antenna factors to the Site Master. Step 5. Step 6. Select the Step 7. Press the

The Site Master will now automatically adjust the measurement results based on the antenna factors entered. A name appears in the title bar at the top. All marker values are displayed in V/m.

Figure 5-3 shows the results of a measurement.

On the Site Master, press the MODE key.

ENTER.

Press the SWEEP key and select the

FIELD STRENGTH soft key from the measurement menu.

SELECT ANTENNA soft key and use the Up/Down arrow key to select

the desired antenna factor file. Press the ENTER key to select.

FIELD STR icon appears to the left of the graph, and the antenna

MEASURE soft key.

Figure 5-3. Field Strength Measurements

5-6

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Creating a Spectral Mask

Quick go/no-go measurements can be performed by establishing test limits. When using test limits, the user is able to quickly identify signals exceeding established limits as failing. To aid users in establishing limits, the Anritsu Site Master features both single limit and multiple limit functions.

Example

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

Step 2. Connect a signal source to the Anritsu Site Master spectrum analyzer. Step 3. Set attenuator coupling to AUTO. Step 4. Set the Reference Level to 0 dBm. Step 5. Set the scale to 10 dB/div. Step 6. Set the signal source frequency to 900 MHz and the signal level to - 20 dBm. Step 7. Set the Site Master center frequency at 900 MHz, the span to 20 MHz, resolu-

tion bandwidth to 30 kHz, and video bandwidth to 300 Hz.

Step 8.

Step 9. Select

Step 10. Press the

Step 11. Press the

Step 12. Press the

Press LIMIT and select softkey.

SEGMENT 1 using the appropriate softkey, press EDIT and enter the start

frequency, start limit, end frequency, and end limit as prompted in the message area. The span is ten divisions wide; therefore divide the span by 10 to determine the span per division and desired starting point.) Enter start frequency = 890 MHz, start limit = –40, end frequency = 898 MHz, end limit = –40.

matically be set equal to the ending point of segment 1. Press start frequency, start limit, end frequency, and end limit as prompted in the mes sage area. Enter start frequency = 898 MHz, start limit = -40, end frequency = 899 MHz, end limit = –10.

matically be set equal to the ending point of segment 2. Press start frequency, start limit, end frequency, and end limit as prompted in the mes sage area. Enter start frequency = 899 MHz, start limit = –10, end frequency = 901 MHz, end limit = –10.

matically be set equal to the ending point of segment 3. Press start frequency, start limit, end frequency, and end limit as prompted in the mes sage area. Enter start frequency = 901 MHz, start limit = –10, end frequency = 902 MHz, end limit = -40.

NEXT SEGMENT soft key. The starting point of segment 2 will auto

NEXT SEGMENT soft key. The starting point of segment 3 will auto

NEXT SEGMENT soft key. The starting point of segment 4 will auto

MULTIPLE UPPER LIMITS using the appropriate

EDIT and enter the

5-7

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Step 13. Press the NEXT SEGMENT soft key. The starting point of segment 5 will auto

matically be set equal to the ending point of segment 4. Press start frequency, start limit, end frequency, and end limit as prompted in the mes sage area. Enter start frequency = 902 MHz, start limit = -40, end frequency = 910 MHz, end limit = -40 and press

Figure 5-4 shows the resulting display. The mask created in this example serves as an upper bound on the measurement results. Any of the data points appearing above the line indi cates a failed measurement.

EDIT when done.

EDIT and enter the

Figure 5-4. Creating a Spectral Mask

5-8

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Trace Overlay

The Site Master can be used to compare frequency spectrums.

Example:

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

desired. If the unit is off, hold down the ESC/CLEAR key while pressing the ON/OFF key. If the unit is already on, press the RECALL SETUP key on the data key pad. When the key is pressed, a Recall Trace selection box appears on the dis play. Select setup location 0 to recall the factory preset state.

Step 2. Connect a signal source to the Anritsu Site Master spectrum analyzer. Step 3. Set the signal source frequency to 900 MHz and the signal level to –20 dBm. Step 4. Set the center frequency at 900 MHz, resolution bandwidth to 30 kHz, video

bandwidth to 300 Hz, and the span to 20 MHz.

Step 5. Step 6. Select the Step 7. Set the input frequency to 901 MHz and the signal level to –20 dB. Step 8. Press the Step 9. Select the

NOTE: Trace A is displayed as a black trace and Trace B is displayed as a gray trace. Some adjustment of the display contrast (see page 2-5) may be required for optimal viewing.

Figure 5-5 shows the resulting display. Note that the title bar shows both traces.

Press the SWEEP key and select the

A ® B soft key to save the current runtime trace to the Trace B buffer.

TRACE B soft key to go to the Trace B menu.

VIEW B soft key to view the traces simultaneously.

TRACE soft key.

Figure 5-5. Trace Overlay

5-9

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Occupied Bandwidth

A common measurement performed on radio transmitters is that of occupied bandwidth (OBW). This measurement calculates the bandwidth containing the total integrated power occupied in a given signal bandwidth. There are two different methods of calculation de pending on the technique to modulate the carrier.

Percent of Power Method

The occupied frequency bandwidth is calculated as the bandwidth containing the specified percentage of the transmitted power.

XdB Down Method

The occupied frequency bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth between the upper and lower frequency points at which the signal level is

Required Equipment

Site Master S114C/S332C

30 dB, 50 watt, Bi-Directional, DC – 18 GHz, N(m) – N(f), Attenuator,

Anritsu 42N50A-30

XdB below the peak carrier level.

Procedure

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

Step 2. Using the test port extension cable and 30 dB, 50 watt, Bi-directional attenuator,

Step 3.

Step 4.

Step 5.

Step 6. Select the

Test Port extension cable, Anritsu 15NNF50 – 1.5C

connect the Site Master to appropriate transmit test port. If the Site Master is not currently in Spectrum Analyzer mode, press the MODE

key, scroll to Press the FREQ/DIST key, select the

quency of the measurement using the keypad. Select the softkey to accept the center frequency input.

Press the AMPLITUDE key and select the priate reference level. See the table below for recommended settings for CW and CDMA signals.

for recommended settings for CW and CDMA signals.

SPECTRUM ANALYZER mode, and press ENTER.

CENTER soft key and enter the center fre

GHz, MHz, kHz,orHz

REF LEVEL soft key to set the appro

ATTEN soft key to set the input attenuation level. See the table below

5-10

Step 7.

Press the SWEEP key and select the tion bandwidth and video bandwidth. See the table below for recommended set tings for CW and CDMA signals.

RBW and VBW soft keys to set the resolu

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

CW IS-95 CDMA

Reference Level –15 dBm –10 dBm Input Attenuation Level Auto Auto Resolution Bandwidth Auto 10 kHz Video Bandwidth Auto 30 kHz

Step 8.

Press the MEASURE key and press the

OBW soft key. Select the measurement

method (dB Down or % of Power) by pressing the

METHOD soft key. The cur

rently selected method is shown in the lower left of the display.

Step 9. Press the dBc or % soft keys to adjust the settings as appropriate. Step 10. Press the

MEASURE ON/OFF soft key to initiate the measurement. OBW will

appear to the left of the graph when the occupied bandwidth measurement is on.

Figure 5-6 shows the occupied bandwidth results using the % of power method on a CDMA signal.

Figure 5-6. Occupied Bandwidth

When the occupied bandwidth measurement is on, an

OBW icon appears to the left of the

display. Occupied bandwidth is calculated at the end of a sweep. An hourglass is displayed as the calculations are performed.

5-11

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Channel Power Measurement

Channel power measurement is one of most common measurements for a radio transmitter. This test measures the output power, or channel power, of a transmitter over the frequency range in a specific time interval. Out-of-specification power measurements indicate system faults, which can be in the power amplifiers and in filter circuits. Channel Power measure ments can be used to:

Validate transmitter performance

Comply with FCC regulations

Keep overall system interference at a minimum

The following section describes a GSM Channel Power measurement as an example.

GSM Channel Power Measurement

Global Systems for Mobile (GSM) communication is a globally accepted standard for digi tal cellular communication. There are two frequency bands allocated to GSM mobile phones, one at 900 MHz, and the other at 1800 MHz. GSM uses a combination of Fre

quency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA). Within each band are approximately one hundred available carrier frequencies on 200 kHz spacing (FDMA), and each carrier is broken up into time-slots so as to support eight separate conversations (TDMA). Each channel has an uplink and a downlink, 80 MHz apart. GSM uses the Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation method.

Due to the nature of TDMA, GSM transmitters ramp RF power rapidly. If the transmitter keys on too quickly, users on different frequencies, especially those close to the channel of interest will experience significant interference. This is one of the reasons that spurious measurements are extensively used in GSM applications.

To make accurate and repeatable GSM measurements, there are a few simple rules to follow:

The resolution bandwidth of the Site Master should be set to 1.0 MHz to cover the wide GSM band.

The video bandwidth must be set to 100 kHz or greater to obtain the details of multiple channels in the GSM band.

Max Hold on the Site Master should be set to ON.

NOTE: When Max Hold is on, the Site Master automatically turns the sweep av

eraging function off.

Required Equipment

Site Master S114C/S332C

30 dB, 50 Watt, bi-directional, DC –18 GHz, N(m) – N(f), Attenuator, Anritsu 42N50A-30

Test Port extension cable, Anritsu 15NNF50 – 1.5C

5-12

Procedure

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

Step 2. Using the test port extension cable and 30 dB attenuator, connect the signal

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

source to the input of the attenuator, and connect the output of the attenuator to the

RF In test port of the Site Master.

Step 3.

Press the AMPLITUDE key and select the ence level to 0 dBm.

Step 4. Press the Step 5. Press the

SCALE soft key and set the scale to 10 dB/division. ATTEN soft key followed by the MANUAL soft key and set the attenua

tion to 20 dB.

Step 6.

Press the SWEEP key and select the tion bandwidth to 1 MHz and the video bandwidth to AUTO.

Step 7. Press the

MAX HOLD soft key to set max hold to ON as indicated in the lower

left of the display.

Step 8. Press the Step 9. Select the

MEASURE soft key and press the CHANNEL POWER soft key.

CENTER FREQ soft key and set the center frequency of the GSM sig-

nal to 947.5 MHz.

Step 10. Select the

INT BW soft key and enter 2.0 MHz for the integration bandwidth, or

set the integration bandwidth appropriate for the particular application.

Step 11. Select the

CHANNEL SPAN soft key and enter 4.0 MHz as the channel span, or

set the channel span to a value appropriate for the particular application.

Step 12. Make the measurement by pressing the

tion method is automatically changed to Average. Solid vertical lines are drawn on the display to indicate the integration bandwidth. The Site Master will dis play the measurement results.

REF LEVEL soft key to set the refer

RBW and VBW soft keys to set the resolu

MEASURE ON/OFF soft key. The detec

5-13

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Figure 5-7 shows the results of the measurement using a GSM signal source with an output power level of –35 dBm.

Figure 5-7. GSM Channel Power Measurement

When the channel power measurement is on, a play. Channel power is calculated at the end of a sweep. An hourglass is displayed as the calculations are performed.

NOTE: The channel span must be set equal to or larger than the integration bandwidth. If not, Site Master will set the channel span equal to the integration span. When the integration bandwidth and channel span are set to the same value, the Site Master uses all the sampling points for integration, providing the most accurate measurements. The ratio of the integration bandwidth to channel span is kept constant. When the integration bandwidth is changed, the ratio remains the same. The ratio can be changed by changing the channel span. For example, when the integration bandwidth is doubled, the Site Master will double the channel span.

CH PWR icon appears to the left of the dis-

5-14

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Adjacent Channel Power Ratio

Another common transmitter measurement is that of adjacent channel leakage power. This is defined as the ratio of the amount of leakage power in an adjacent channel to the total transmitted power in the main channel. This measurement can be used to replace the tradi tional two-tone intermodulation distortion (IMD) test for system non-linear behavior.

The result of an ACPR measurement can be expressed either as a power ratio or a power density. In order to calculate the upper and lower adjacent channel values, the Site Master requires the specification of four parameters:

Main Channel Center Frequency

Measurement Channel Bandwidth

Adjacent Channel Bandwidth

Channel Spacing

GSM Adjacent Channel Power Measurement

Required Equipment

Site Master S114C/S332C

Procedure

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

Step 2. Using the test port extension cable and 30 dB attenuator, connect the signal

Step 3.

Step 4. Press the Step 5.

Step 6. Press the

30 dB, 50 watt, Bi-Directional, DC – 18 GHz, N(m) – N(f), Attenuator,

Anritsu 42N50A-30 Test Port extension cable, Anritsu 15NNF50 – 1.5C

source to the input of the attenuator, and connect the output of the attenuator to

RF In test port of the Site Master.

the Press the AMPLITUDE key and select the

REF LEVEL soft key to set the refer

ence level to 0 dBm.

ATTEN soft key and set the attenuation to AUTO.

Press the SWEEP key and select the

RBW and VBW soft keys to set the resolu

tion bandwidth to 1 MHz and the video bandwidth to AUTO.

MAX HOLD soft key to set max hold to ON as indicated in the lower

left of the display.

Step 7. Press the Step 8. Select the

center frequency.

MEASURE soft key and press the ACPR soft key.

CENTER FREQ soft key, and enter 945.7 MHz or another desired

5-15

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Step 9. Select the MAIN CHANNEL BW soft key, and enter the main channel bandwidth.

For the GSM signal, enter 2.0 MHz.

Step 10. Select the

width. For the GSM signal, enter 30 kHz.

Step 11. Select the

GSM signal, enter 19.5 MHz.

Step 12. Make the measurement by pressing the

tion method is automatically changed to Average. Solid vertical lines are drawn on the display to indicate the main channel. Dashed vertical lines define the ad jacent channels. The Site Master will display the measurement results.

Figure 5-8 shows the results of the measurement using a GSM signal source with an output power level of –35 dBm.

ADJ CHANNEL BW soft key, and enter the adjacent channel band

CHANNEL SPACING soft key, and enter the channel spacing. For the

MEASURE ON/OFF soft key. The detec

Figure 5-8. GSM Adjacent Channel Power Measurement

Adjacent Channel Power Ratio is a constant measurement. Once it is turned on, it will re main on until it is turned off by pressing the MEASURE ON/OFF key again. When the ACPR measurement is on, an lated at the end of a sweep. An hourglass is displayed as the calculations are performed.

ACPR icon appears to the left of the display. ACPR is calcu

5-16

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Measurement Applications

Resolving Closely Spaced Signals

Signal resolution is determined by the intermediate frequency (IF) filter bandwidth. The hand held spectrum analyzer, as do conventional spectrum analyzers, traces the shape of its IF filter as it tunes past a signal. Thus, if two equal-amplitude signals are close enough in frequency, the filter shapes for the two signals can fall on top of one another and appear as a single response. Conversely, if two signals are not equal in amplitude but are still close to gether, the smaller signal can be hidden under the response of the larger one.

Measurement of Two Signals Having Equal Amplitudes

To resolve two signals of equal amplitude, the resolution bandwidth must be less than or equal to the frequency separation of the two signals. For example, to resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation of 30 kHz, a resolution bandwidth of 30 kHz or less should be used. However, most spectrum analyzer IF filter bandwidths are not exact, varying by as much as ± 20%. This should be taken into consideration whenever testing for closely spaced signals. Thus, you may want to select the resolution bandwidth within the lower end of the specification (i.e., –20%, or 24 kHz) to ensure accurate measurements on two signals spaced to within 30 kHz. In this case the next smallest resolution bandwidth would be 10 kHz.

Example

Connect two signal sources to the spectrum analyzer input through a signal combiner/splitter and set the frequency of one source to 900.0 MHz and the other source to 900.030 MHz. Set both sources to the same amplitude, preferably –20 dBm. On the Site Master:

Step 1. Set attenuator coupling to AUTO. Step 2. Set the Reference Level to –10 dBm. Step 3. Set the scale to 10 dB/div. Step 4. Set the span to 300 kHz and the center frequency to 900 MHz. Step 5. Set the resolution bandwidth to 30 kHz and the video bandwidth to 1 kHz.

It should be difficult to discern the presence of two signals. Figure 5-9. shows the results of the example using a signal combiner/splitter with a loss of 6 dB.

Step 6. Change the resolution bandwidth to 10 kHz.

Figure 5-10 shows the results after changing the RBW using a signal combiner/splitter with a loss of 6 dB.

5-17

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Figure 5-9. Measurement of Two Signals Having Equal Amplitudes , RBW = 30 kHz

Figure 5-10. Measurement of Two Signals Having Equal Amplitudes , RBW = 10 kHz

Remember, the resolution bandwidth must be equal to or less than the frequency separation of the signal. Therefore, a 10 kHz resolution bandwidth must be used. The next larger filter, 30 kHz, containing some variation, would not resolve the two signals. Also, keep in mind that noise side-bands (phase noise) can also affect resolution.

5-18

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Measurement of Two Signals Having Unequal Amplitudes

Typically, in real world environments, closely spaced signals do not have equal amplitudes. Often, the difference between closely spaced signals can be as much as –60 dB. To resolve two signals of unequal amplitude, the resolution bandwidth must be less than or equal to the frequency separation of the two signals (the same as resolving two equal amplitude signals). However, in this case the largest resolution bandwidth that will resolve the two unequal sig nals is determined primarily by the shape factor of the IF filter, rather than by the 3 dB bandwidth. Shape factor is defined as the ratio of the 60 dB bandwidth to the 3 dB band width of the IF filter.

Therefore, to resolve two signals of unequal amplitude, the half-bandwidth of a filter at the point equal to the amplitude separation of the two signals must be less than the frequency separation of the two signals. If you do not know the specific shape factor of the IF Filter, perform this measurement as if the signals had equal amplitudes paying close attention to potential signals having unequal power levels that are closely spaced. This will take some adjusting among the various resolution and video bandwidth and span functions.

Example

Connect two signal sources to the spectrum analyzer input with a combiner/splitter. Set the frequency of one source to 1900.0 MHz and the other source to 1900.1 MHz. Set one source to + 20 dBm, and the other to – 15 dBm.

Step 1. Set attenuator coupling to AUTO. Step 2. Set the Reference Level to –10 dBm. Step 3. Set the scale to 10 dB/div. Step 4. Set the span to 1 MHz and the center frequency to 1900 MHz. Step 5. Set the resolution bandwidth to 10 kHz and the video bandwidth to 100 Hz.

The two signals should be observed on the spectrum analyzer, each with different amplitudes and spaced 100 kHz apart. Figure 5-11 shows the results of the example using a signal combiner/splitter with a loss of 6 dB. Marker 2 is set as a delta marker, and shows the difference in frequency and amplitude between the two peaks.

Figure 5-11. Measurement of Two Signals Having Unequal Amplitudes

5-19

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Step 6. Change the frequency in the second source from 1900.100 MHz to 1900.050

MHz gradually and observe the effect. Figure 5-12 shows the results with the two signals spaced 50 kHz apart using a signal combiner/splitter with a loss of 6 dB.

Figure 5-12. Measurement of Two Signals Having Unequal Amplitudes

Step 7. Change the resolution bandwidth to 30 kHz. Figure 5-13 shows the results after

changing the RBW using a signal combiner/splitter with a loss of 6 dB.

Figure 5-13. Measurement of Two Signals Having Unequal Amplitudes

The two signals should still be observable with the 10 kHz resolution bandwidth, but may be difficult to detect with the 30 kHz resolution bandwidth. Narrowing the span may help in detecting the differences in these two signals.

5-20

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Example 2: Harmonic Distortion

Most transmitting devices and signal sources contain harmonics. Measuring the harmonic content of such sources is frequently required. In fact, measuring harmonic distortion is one of the most common uses of spectrum analyzers.

The following harmonic distortion measurement applies an important group of spectrum analyzer operating skills: setting the reference level, using start and stop frequencies; set ting the video bandwidth and RBW; and making relative measurements using two markers. It also demonstrates setting a signal to center frequency using a marker.

Example

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

desired. If the unit is off, hold down the ESC/CLEAR key while pressing the ON/OFF key. If the unit is on, press the RECALL SETUP key on the data keypad. When the key is pressed, a Recall Trace selection box appears on the display. Select setup location 0 to recall the factory preset state.

Step 2.

Press AMPLITUDE and then select

REF LEVEL

Step 3. Enter the desired Reference Level (+20 dB) using the keypad and press

ENTER.

Step 4. Connect a signal source to the Anritsu Site Master. Step 5. Set the signal source frequency to 10 MHz and the signal level to +10 dBm. Step 6. Set the Step 7. Set the

START frequency at 1 MHz STOP frequency to 50 MHz

Step 8. Set the resolution bandwidth to improve visibility by smoothing the noise:

a. Press SWEEP b. Press

RBW, then MANUAL.

Step 9. Use the Up/down arrow key to select the desired resolution bandwidth, 100 kHz

in this case.

Step 10.

Press ENTER once the desired resolution bandwidth has been selected.

Step 11. Set the video bandwidth to improve visibility by smoothing the noise:

a. Press SWEEP b. Press

VBW, then MANUAL.

Step 12. Use the Up/down arrow key to select the desired video bandwidth, 3 kHz in this

case.

Step 13.

Press ENTER once the desired video bandwidth has been selected.

Step 14.

Press the MARKER key and select the

Step 15. Press the

damental frequency). Note that marker M1 will automatically be turned on.

Step 16.

Press the MARKER key and select the

M1 soft key

MARKER TO PEAK soft key to set marker M1 to the peak signal (fun

M2 soft key.

5-21

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Step 17. Press the EDIT soft key to turn Marker M2 ON and use Up/down arrow key to

place Marker M2 at the center of the second harmonic. Press ENTER to set the marker position.

Step 18. Press the

information with respect to marker M1.

Step 19. Step 20. Press the

Step 21. Press the

Figure 5-14 shows the distortion characteristics of the signal source just measured. Marker 1 indicates the fundamental frequency. Marker 2 shows that the second order distortion of the source is 46.24 dB below the carrier. Marker 3 shows that the third order harmonic is

48.44 dB below the fundamental frequency.

Press the MARKER key and select the

to place Marker M3 at the center of the third harmonic.

information with respect to marker M1.

DELTA (M2-M1) soft key. This will provide frequency and amplitude

M3 soft key.

EDIT soft key to turn Marker M3 ON and use the Up/down arrow key

DELTA (M3-M1) soft key. This will provide frequency and amplitude

Figure 5-14. Harmonic Distortion

5-22

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Out-of-Band Spurious Emissions

Out-of-band spurious measurements are made on signals outside the system main band. These signals, which can interfere with other communication systems, can be categorized into harmonics and random spurious emissions. Real time monitoring of spurious emissions from a transmitter can uncover unwanted signals before they interfere with other channels.

IN BAND

OUT OF BANDOUT OF BAND

Figure 5-15. Example of In- and Out-of Bandwidth Signals

Out-of-Band Spurious Emission Measurement

Required Equipment

Site Master S114C/S332C

30 dB, 50 watt, Bi-Directional, DC – 18 GHz, N(m) – N(f), Attenuator,

Anritsu 42N50A-30

r Test Port extension cable, Anritsu 15NNF50 – 1.5C

Procedure

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

Step 2. Using the test port extension cable and 30 dB attenuator, connect the signal

source to the input of the attenuator, and connect the output of the attenuator to

RF In test port of the Site Master.

the

Step 3.

Step 4. Press the

Step 5.

Step 6. Press the Step 7.

Step 8.

Press the FREQ/DIST key and select the frequency.

nel bandwidth and upper and lower channel bandwidths. Press the AMPLITUDE key and select the

ence level to 0 dBm.

Press the SWEEP key and select the tion bandwidth to 10 kHz and the video bandwidth to 300 Hz.

Press the MARKER key and press the

CENTER soft key. Enter the center

SPAN soft key. Set the span wide enough to include the primary chan

REF LEVEL soft key to set the refer

ATTEN soft key and set the attenuation to AUTO.

RBW and VBW soft keys to set the resolu

M1 soft key.

5-23

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Step 9. Press the EDIT soft key. Use the Up/down arrow key to move the marker over

one of the spurs. Press the ENTER key to set the marker.

Step 10. Compare the value of the marker to the specified allowable level of out-of-band

spurious emissions for the corresponding channel transmit frequency.

Step 11. Repeat Steps 8-11 for the remaining spurs. Use either Marker 1 again, or choose

another marker.

Figure 5-16 shows a simulated out-of-band spurious signal at 21.052 MHz from the carrier.

Figure 5-16. Simulated Out-of-Band Spurious Emission Measurement

5-24

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

In-band/Out-of-Channel Measurements

The in-band/out-of-channel measurements are those measurements that measure distortion and interference within the system band, but outside of the transmitting channel. These measurements include (1) in-band spurious emissions and (2) adjacent channel power ratio (also called spectral regrowth). There are stringent regulatory controls on the amount of in terference that a transmitter can spill to neighboring channels. In order to determine compli ance with the allowable level of spurious emissions, two parameters need to be specified:

Measurement channel bandwidth

Allowable level of spurious emissions

In-band Spurious Measurement

Required Equipment

Site Master S114C/S332C

30 dB, 50 watt, Bi-Directional, DC – 18 GHz, N(m) – N(f), Attenuator,

Anritsu 42N50A-30 Test Port extension cable, Anritsu 15NNF50 – 1.5C

Procedure

Step 1. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

Step 2. Using the test port extension cable and 30 dB, 50 watt, Bi-directional attenuator,

Step 3.

Step 4.

Step 5.

Step 6. Press the Step 7.

connect the Site Master to appropriate transmit test port. Press the FREQ/DIST key and select the

CENTER soft key. Enter the center

frequency. Press the FREQ/DIST key and select the

SPAN soft key. Set the span wide

enough to include the primary channel bandwidth and upper and lower channel bandwidths.

Press the AMPLITUDE key and select the

REF LEVEL soft key to set the refer

ence level to 0 dBm.

ATTEN soft key and set the attenuation to AUTO.

Press the SWEEP key and select the

RBW and VBW soft keys to set the resolu

tion bandwidth to 10 kHz and the video bandwidth to 300 Hz.

Step 8.

Press the MARKER key and press the

Step 9. Press the

EDIT soft key. Use the Up/down arrow key to move the marker over

M1 soft key.

one of the spurs. Press the ENTER key to set the marker.

Step 10. Compare the value of the marker to the specified allowable level of

in-band/out-of-channel spurious emissions for the corresponding channel trans mit frequency.

5-25

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Step 11. Repeat steps 8-11 for the remaining spurs. Use either Marker 1 again, or choose

another marker.

Figure 5-17 shows a simulated in-band spur check at 6 MHz from the carrier frequency. The carrier is measured by M1. The delta marker M3 shows the signal at f

73.55 dB down from the carrier. This value should be compared against the specification.

+ 6 MHz to be

Figure 5-17. In-band Spurious Measurement

NOTE: The resolution bandwidth of a spectrum analyzer is determined by the intermediate frequency (IF) filter bandwidth. The Site Master traces the shape of the IF filter as it sweeps past a signal. Therefore, if two equal-amplitude signals are very close to each other, the measurement result can appear to be one single response because the IF or resolution bandwidth is not small enough to resolve the two signals. Similarly, if two signals are not equal in amplitude but are very close together, the smaller signal may not be seen because it is hidden under the large response.

5-26

Field Strength

Required Equipment

Site Master S114C/S332C

Portable Antenna

Procedure

Step 1. Use the Antenna Editor feature of the Software Tools to define an antenna (see

page 7-7).

Step 2. Reset the Site Master to the factory default settings if a known starting state is

Step 3. Upload the antenna information to the Site Master (see page 7-7). Step 4. Connect the antenna to the Site Master.

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Step 5.

Step 6.

Step 7.

Step 8. Step 9. Select the Step 10. Press the Step 11. Use the Up/Down arrow key to choose the desired antenna and select by press

Step 12.

The Site Master will automatically adjust the measurement by the antenna factors selected.

FIELD STR icon will appear to the left of the graph and the antenna name will be in the

A title bar above the graph.

Press the FREQ/DIST key and select the frequency.

Press the FREQ/DIST key and select the enough to include the primary channel bandwidth and upper and lower channel bandwidths.

Press the SWEEP key and select the tion bandwidth to 10 kHz and the video bandwidth to 300 Hz.

Press the SWEEP key and select the

FIELD STRENGTH soft key.

SELECT ANTENNA soft key.

ing the ENTER key. To change the unit of measurement, press the AMPLITUDE hard key, then

press the nated soft key.

UNITS soft key and select dB, dBV, dBmV or dBmV using the desig

CENTER soft key. Enter the center

SPAN soft key. Set the span wide

RBW and VBW soft keys to set the resolu-

MEASURE soft key.

5-27

Chapter 5 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Figure 5-18 shows the results of a measurement using an R&S HE200 antenna.

Figure 5-18. Field Strength Measurements

Antenna Calculations

The following is a list of various antenna calculations should you find it necessary to convert from one to another:

Conversion of signal levels from mW to mV in a 50-ohm system:

where: P = power in Watts

V = voltage level in Volts R = resistance in Ohms

-3

For power in milliwatts (10

dB V

()( )

Power density to field strength. An alternate measure of field strength to electric field is power density:

where: E = field strength in V/m

=+107

dBmm

120p

P = Power density in W/m

W), and voltage in microvolts 10-6V:

Power density at a point:

PtG

5-28

r=4

Anritsu S331C, S332C, S114C, S113C User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Table of Contents