3COM 2000 TR User Manual

Download

UPERSTACK

SER

Version 4.0

UIDE

II™ S

WITCH

2000 TR

http://www.3com.com/

Part No. 99032 Published October 1997

3Com Corporation ■ 5400 Bayfront Plaza ■ Santa Clara, California ■ 95052-8145

documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without permission from 3Com Corporation.

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restrictions set forth in subparagraph (a) through (d) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights Clause at 48 C.F.R. 52.227-19 and the limitations set forth in 3Com Corporation’s standard commercial agreement for the software. Unpublished rights reserved under the copyright laws of the United States.

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3Com, AccessBuilder, Boundary Routing, CardFacts, LanScanner, LinkBuilder, NETBuilder, NETBuilder II, NetFacts, Parallel Tasking, ViewBuilder, EtherDisk, EtherLink, EtherLink Plus, EtherLink II, SmartAgent, TokenLink, TokenLink Plus, TokenDisk and Transcend are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation. 3TECH, CacheCard, FDDILink, FMS, NetProbe, Star-Tek, SuperStack II are registered trademarks of 3Com Corporation. 3ComFacts, Ask3Com, and CardBoard are service marks of 3Com Corporation.

CompuServe is a registered trademark of CompuServe, Inc.

Other brand and product names may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders.

This guide was written, illustrated, and produced by Chris Flisher.

ONTENTS

BOUT THIS GUIDE

Introduction 1 How to Use This Guide 1 Conventions 1 Related Publications 2

VERVIEW

About the SuperStack™ II Switch 2000 TR 1-1

System Beneﬁts 1-1

System Features 1-2 Summary of Features 1-3 Typical Applications of Token Ring Switching 1-4 Ring Segmentation 1-5 The Front Panel 1-6

RJ-45 Ports 1-7

Front Panel LEDs 1-7

LCD Display Buttons 1-7 The Rear Panel 1-8

Power Socket 1-9

Serial Number 1-9

Redundant Power System Connector 1-9

Reset Button 1-9

Console Port 1-9 Optional Slide-In Modules 1-9

The ATM Module 1-9

Beneﬁts of an ATM 1-9

Summary of ATM Features 1-10

The FDDI Module 1-10

Beneﬁts of FDDI 1-11 Summary of FDDI Module Features 1-11

The Token Ring-in-Fast Ethernet (TR-in-FE) Module 1-11

Beneﬁts of TR-in-FE 1-11 Summary of TR-in-FE Module Features 1-12

Migrating to High-speed Technologies 1-13

High-speed Cascade Connectors 1-14

Token Ring Switching Concepts 1-14

Why Token Ring Switching? 1-14 Source Route Bridging (SRT) 1-14 Transparent Bridging (TP) 1-15

Bridge Table 1-15 Source Route Transparent Bridging 1-16 Spanning Tree 1-16

802.1d Spanning Tree 1-16

IBM Spanning Tree 1-16 Congestion Control 1-17 Forwarding Modes 1-17 VLANs 1-18

Advantages of VLAN 1-18

ETTING STARTED

Important Safety Information 2-1 Positioning the Switch 2000 TR 2-2

Considerations for Placement 2-2

Conﬁguration Guidelines 2-3 Power Supply and Fuse 2-3

Replacing the Fuse 2-3 Installing the Slide-in Modules 2-3 Installing the Switch 2000 TR 2-5

Rack Mounting 2-5

Wall Mounting 2-5

Stack Mounting 2-5 Connecting Redundant Power System 2-6 Connecting to the Serial Port 2-6

Connecting a VT100 Terminal 2-6 Device Defaults 2-6

ETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Switch 2000 TR Management Options 3-1

VT100 Management Interface 3-2

Via the Serial Port 3-2

Via an IP Network Connection 3-2 Conﬁguring Switch 2000 TR in Stack 3-3

Head Unit 3-3

Cascade Connections 3-3 Managing over the Network 3-4

IP Addresses 3-4

Operating IP in a Closed Network 3-4

Obtaining Network Addresses 3-4 Management Prerequisites 3-5

Source Routing Prerequisites 3-6 Switch 2000 TR Management Consoles 3-6

The VT100 Console 3-6

Choice Field 3-6 Entry Field 3-7 Button 3-7 List Boxes 3-7

Key Board Shortcuts 3-7 Correcting Text Entries 3-8

Default Users 3-8 VT100 Console Menu Map 3-9 Setting Up the VT100 Console 3-10

Switch 2000 TR Management Setup Fields 3-11

MAC Address 3-11 Locally Admin Address 3-11 Work Group ID 3-12 Device IP Address 3-12 Device SubNet Mask 3-12 Default Router 3-12 SETUP TRAPS 3-12 SERIAL PORT 3-12

The LCD Console 3-13

LCD Console Buttons 3-13

Enter 3-13 Left Arrow 3-13 Right Arrow 3-13 Up Arrow 3-13

Down Arrow 3-13 LCD Console Menu Map 3-14 Setting Up the LCD Console 3-15

IP Address Setup 3-15 Setting Up BOOTP 3-16 Auto Logout 3-18 Upgrading Software 3-19

Upgrading Module Software 3-20 Resetting the Switch 2000 TR 3-21

VT100 Console Reset 3-21

LCD Console Reset 3-21

Reset Button 3-22

Power Cycle Reset 3-22

ONFIGURING WITH THE

Quick Setup 4-2 Bridge Conﬁguration 4-3

Setting Source Routing Transparent (VT100) 4-3 Setting Source Route Bridging 4-4 Setting Transparent Bridging 4-4 Spanning Tree Fields 4-5

Spanning Tree Parameters 4-5

Port Conﬁguration 4-6

Setting Up Ports 4-6 Setting the Port Admin. State 4-6 Setting VLAN ID 4-6 Setting Port Personality 4-7 Setting Port Priorities 4-7 Setting Congestion Control 4-7 Setting Port Speed 4-8 Setting Forwarding Mode 4-8 Dynamic Cut-Thru Threshold% 4-8 Setting the Locally Admin. Address 4-8 Setting Broadcast Storm Control 4-9

Rising Threshold% 4-9 Falling Threshold% 4-9 Rising Action 4-9

Falling Action 4-9 Port Bridge Conﬁguration 4-10 I/O Module Conﬁguration 4-11 Stack Conﬁguration 4-11

Setting Up the Stack 4-11

Setting sysName 4-12

BOOTP Client 4-12 VLAN Conﬁguration 4-12

Assigning a Port to a VLAN 4-13

Specifying a Backbone Port 4-13

VT100 I

NTERFACE

Unit Conﬁguration 4-14

Setting Up the Unit 4-14

Unit ID 4-14 Unit Name 4-14 Port Capacity 4-14 Option Slot 4-14 Power Supply 4-14 Power On Self Test 4-15 Roving Analysis 4-15

Administrative Conﬁguration 4-15

Setting Local Security 4-16 Creating New Users 4-17 Deleting Users 4-17 Editing Users and Changing Passwords 4-18

About the Switch Database (SDB) 4-19

Database Entries 4-19 Database Entry Methods 4-19

Switch Database Conﬁguration 4-20

Adding Entries to the Database 4-21 Deleting Entries from the Database 4-21

Finding Entries in the Database 4-21 SNMP Trap Conﬁguration 4-21 Serial Port Conﬁguration 4-22

Connection Type 4-23 DCD Control 4-23 DSR Control 4-23 Flow Control 4-23 Auto Conﬁg 4-23 Speed 4-23 Char Size 4-23 Parity 4-23 Stop Bit 4-23

Initializing the Switch 2000 TR 4-24

ONFIGURING WITH THE

Unit Conﬁguration 5-1 Bridge Conﬁguration 5-2 Port Conﬁguration 5-3

Setting Port ID 5-3 Viewing Link State 5-3 Setting Port State 5-4 Setting Speed 5-4 Setting Port Personality 5-5

I/O Module Conﬁguration 5-5

ONITORING THE SWITCH

Locating Statistics 6-1 Unit Statistics 6-2 Port Statistics 6-3

Port Statistics (Trafﬁc) 6-4 Stack Status 6-6 Status 6-7 Fault Log 6-8 Remote Polling (PING) 6-9 LCD Status 6-10

LCD C

2000 TR

ONSOLE

Connecting Common VLANs Between Switch Units 7-4

Using Non-routable Protocols 7-4 Using Unique MAC Addresses 7-4 Extending VLANs into an ATM Network 7-4 Example 1 7-4

OFTWARE UPGRADE UTILITY

Software Upgrade Utility Command Set A-1 Starting the Software Upgrade Utility A-2 Using the Commands A-3

Resetting to Factory Defaults A-3 Downloading a New Software Image A-3 After the Download A-3

Status Messages A-4

CREEN ACCESS RIGHTS

Access Rights Table B-1

ERIAL PORT CABLE PIN-OUTS

Null Modem Cable C-1 Cabling for Module Options C-1

IRTUAL

What are VLANs? 7-1 Beneﬁts of VLANs 7-2

VLANs and the Switch 2000 TR 7-3

LAN

How VLANs Ease Change and Movement 7-2

How VLANs Control Broadcast Trafﬁc 7-2

How VLANs Provide Extra Security 7-2

The Default VLAN and Moving Ports From the Default

VLAN 7-3

Connecting VLANs to a Router 7-3

ROUBLESHOOTING

Troubleshooting Procedures D-1

WITCH

2000 TR

ECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Speciﬁcations for Module Options E-2

ECHNICAL SUPPORT

Online Technical Services F-1

World Wide Web Site F-1 3Com Bulletin Board Service F-1

Access by Analog Modem F-1

Access by Digital Modem F-2 3ComFacts Automated Fax Service F-2 3ComForum on CompuServe Online Service F-3

Support from Your Network Supplier F-3 Support from 3Com F-3 Returning Products for Repair F-4

3COM C

ORPORATION LIMITED WARRANTY

BOUT

HIS

UIDE

Introduction

This guide provides the information you need to install and conﬁgure the SuperStack II™ Switch 2000 TR (3C510600) into your Token Ring network for maximum beneﬁt.

This guide is intended for use by network administrators responsible for installing and setting up networking equipment. It assumes a basic working knowledge of Local Area Networks and Token Ring in particular.

NOTE:

If the information in the release notes shipped

with the Switch 2000 TR differs from the information in this guide, follow the release notes.

How to Use This Guide

This table lists where speciﬁc information can be found.

Chapter Information

4 Conﬁguring with the VT100 Interface

5 Conﬁguring with the LCD Console

6 Monitoring the Switch 2000 TR

7 Virtual LANs

Appendix

A Software Upgrade Utility

B Screen Access Rights

C Serial Port Cable Pin-outs

D Troubleshooting

E Technical Speciﬁcations

F Technical Support

Overview

Getting Started

Setting Up Management

Conventions

The following tables list icon and text conventions that are used throughout this guide.

BOUT THIS GUIDE

Table 1

Icon Type Description

Table 2

Convention Description

Italics

“Enter” vs. “Press”

Text represented as

screen display

Keys When speciﬁc keys are referred to in the text, they are

Notice Icons

Information Note

Caution Cautions contain directions that you must

Warning Warnings contain directions that you must

Text Conventions

Italics are used for emphasis or to denote new terms.

The word “enter” means to type something and then press the Return or Enter key. Do not press the Return or Enter key when an instruction simply says “press.”

This typeface

appear on your terminal screen; for example:

Select a menu option

called out by their labels, such as the “Return key” or the “Escape key,” or they may be shown as [Return] or [Esc].

If two or more keys are to be pressed simultaneously, the keys are linked with a plus sign (+); for example:

Press [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[Del].

Information notes call attention to important features or instructions.

follow to avoid immediate system damage or loss of data.

follow for your personal safety. Follow all instructions carefully.

is used to represent displays that

Related Publications

Within the Switch 2000 TR document set:

Switch 2000 TR Quick Reference Guide. (Part

■

Number #99033)

■

Switch 2000 TR User Guide. (Part Number #99032) Switch 2000 TR Release Notes. (Part Number

■

#99034) SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR ATM OC-3 Module

■

User Guide (Part Number #99041)

■

SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR FDDI Module User Guide (Part Number #99048)

SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR TR-in-FE Module

■

User Guide (Part Number #99045)

VERVIEW

This chapter describes the major features, components, and concepts of the Switch 2000 TR, including:

■

About the SuperStack™ II Switch 2000 TR

■

Summary of Features

■

Typical Applications of Token Ring Switching

■

The Front Panel

■

The Rear Panel

■

Optional Slide-In Modules

■

Token Ring Switching Concepts

About the SuperStack™ II Switch 2000 TR

The SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR is a multiport internetworking switch for Token Ring networks. Designed to satisfy the high demand for bandwidth in expanding Token Ring networks while preserving the investment in existing equipment, the Switch 2000 TR provides a natural migration path for network growth and high-speed technologies, including ATM and FDDI.

The Switch 2000 TR is a 12-port Token Ring stackable switch that supports throughput rates of more than 400,000 packets per second. Designed to ﬁt comfortably within the data center or the workgroup environments, the Switch 2000 TR supports up to 72 rings per stack at 4 or 16 Mbps.

System Beneﬁts

■

Network segmentation

low- performance PC bridges or routers, the Switch 2000 TR provides a simple method for segmenting Token Ring networks into smaller, more manageable workgroups.

Increased bandwidth

■

tation is reduced trafﬁc load, which translates into increased bandwidth and improved manageability.

—When used in place of

—A key beneﬁt of segmen-

1-2 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

■ Port population—High density port population

relieves trafﬁc congestion and supports 4 and 16 Mbps data rates. In addition, the Switch 2000 TR has four custom-conﬁgurable ports designed for direct workstation or dedicated server connection.

■ Network management—Switch 2000 TR is sup-

ported by the Transcend® Enterprise Manager applications for UNIX and Microsoft Windows 95®. Both network management applications provide Simple Network Management Protocol Remote Monitoring Management Information Base (SNMP RMON MIB) data using an intuitive graphical interface to report historical and performance statistics.

System Features

■ Congestion Control—The Congestion Control

feature optimizes available buffer space in the Switch 2000 TR by using the buffering ability in all Token Ring end stations. This is especially useful when many ports are transmitting to a common port such as a server connection. Having congestion control eliminates the chances of dropped packets in high-trafﬁc client-server environments.

■ Slide-in Option Slot—Optional downlink mod-

ules are available for the Switch 2000 TR. These modules provide downlinks to high-speed backbones such as FDDI, ATM, and Fast Ethernet.

■ The FDDI module supplies a 100 Mbps point of

aggregation for multiple Token Ring switched segments and supports either Single Attached Stations (SAS) or Dual Attached Stations (DAS).

■ The ATM module supplies 155 Mbps UNI inter-

face, and retains all virtual LAN emulation conﬁguration data, provides ATM signaling, and offers standard LAN emulation.

■ The TR-in-FE module combines Token Ring and

Ethernet for the purpose of utilizing Fast Ethernet as a backbone and method of server attachment for Token Ring networks. Through a process known as tunneling or encapsula- tion, TR-in-FE uses Fast Ethernet to transport natively formatted Token Ring frames.

■ High-speed Cascade Interface—The high-speed

cascade interface enables multiple Switch 2000 TRs to connect to form a single, large switched domain while reducing the cost typically incurred with FDDI or ATM functionality. This connection allows as many as six Switch 2000 TRs to be stacked.

■ VLAN Support—The Switch 2000 TR supports vir-

tual LAN (VLAN) operation by allowing any switch port to become a member of any one of 15 unique VLANs (workgroups). By establishing VLANs, LAN administration tasks such as adds, moves, and changes become easier while bulk downloads and conﬁgurations remain across workgroups. VLANs also enhance security and increase network efﬁciency by controlling trafﬁc ﬂow and containing broadcasts. VLANs are preserved over the High Speed Cascade Interface. In addition, industry-standard LAN emulation over ATM provides a method for creating enterprise-wide virtual LANs that reﬂect how networks actually function.

Summary of Features 1-3

■ Roving Analysis—The Roving Analysis Port (RAP)

feature allows you to conﬁgure the SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR to capture and monitor trafﬁc on any Token Ring LAN connected to the switch using any industry-standard LAN analyzer.

This feature operates on Port 1 of the Switch 2000 TR and applies to all ports of the same switch. To view trafﬁc on other switches in a stack you must connect to Port 1 of the appropriate switch and select the port you wish to view.

Network Analyzer

Switch 2000 TR Port 1 (configured as Hub port)

Figure 1-1 Roving Analysis

LINK STATUS

green =link OK yellow =MGMT partition flashing yellow =auto error partition

off =inactive

Packet —

Power

5 6

123

Status —

Packet —

8910

12x

Status —

O C

8910

MGMT Option Slot Cascade

Switch 2000 TR Port 12

Ring to be monitored

Summary of Features

■ 12 switched shielded RJ-45 Token Ring ports

■ 4 ports selectable for direct end station attachment

■ High-speed cascade interface

■ Front Panel LCD Console for fast conﬁguration

■ Flexible Option Slot for FDDI, ATM, or TR-in-FE

expansion

■ 400,000 packet-per-second aggregate forwarding

rate

■ Cut-Thru, Store-and-Forward, or Dynamic Cut-thru

modes

SuperStack II

Switch 2000 TR

ENTER

■ Low latency in cut-through mode

■ No forwarded errors propagated in

store-and-forward mode

■ Dynamic Cut-thru monitors error rates and

selects Cut-thru or Store and Forward as appropriate

■ Source route, transparent, and SRT bridging modes

supported

■ IBM and 802.1d Spanning Tree protocols sup-

ported with conﬁgurable BPDU addresses for additional ﬂexibility

■ Congestion Control

■ SNMP network management support

■ Transcend

Enterprise Manager for HP OpenView, NetView/6000, SunNet Manager, Microsoft® Windows 95

■ SmartAgent support

1-4 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

■ SNMP over IP

■ SNMP MIB II

■ Bridge MIB

■ SR Bridge MIB

■ BOOTP

■ Switch 2000 TR Private (3Com Private)

■ Part of SuperStack

■ Redundant Power System

■ Uninterruptable Power Supply

■ Integrated network management

■ One RS-232 DB-9 connector for local conﬁgura-

™

II architecture

tion

Typical Applications of Token Ring Switching

Token Ring switches are best suited for, although not limited to, expanding Token Ring networks. These networks demand high bandwidth, performance, monitoring, management, and a logical migration path for the continued growth of the network while preserving your investment in existing infrastructure.

Offering a signiﬁcant advantage over traditional inter-networking equipment, Token Ring switches bring immediate relief to networks, solving throughput and management problems. By replacing low performance two-port PC bridges or routers, Token Ring switching provides the ability to perform Source Route bridging, transparent bridging, or both with Source Route Transparent (SRT) bridging. The following illustrations depict some possible uses of the Switch 2000 TR, including ring segmentation and migration to high-speed technologies.

Ring Segmentation

High-speed switches offer a more efﬁcient solution over 2-port PC bridges or routers. As illustrated below, segmentation with a Token Ring switch brings immediate improvement over existing networks by re-distributing trafﬁc

Ring Segmentation 1-5

16 Mbps

4 Mbps

SuperStack II Switch 2000 TRs

Connected with high-speed cascade

SuperStack II Hub TR

16 Mbps

SuperStack II Hub TR

16 Mbps

SuperStack II Hub TR

Direct attach Workstations/Servers

16 Mbps

Server

SuperStack II Hub TR

NETBuilder II

Figure 1-2 Using Switch 2000 TR to Segment Network

1-6 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

The Front Panel

This section describes the front panel components and LEDs of the SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR. Figure 1-3 shows the front panel.

12 x RJ-45 ports

Figure 1-3 SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR Front Panel RJ-45 Ports

O O C

LCD Status Display

Power

MGMT

LCD Control Buttons

Power LED

MGMT LED

SuperStack II

Switch 2000 TR

ENTER

Status and Activity LEDs

Link Status

green =link OK yellow =MGMT partition

Packet—

Status —

Packet—

Status —

flashing yellow =auto error off =inactive

5 6

123

8910

Option Slot Cascade

Option Slot

Status LEDs

Cascade

Status LEDs

12 12

The Front Panel 1-7

RJ-45 Ports

12 RJ-45 ports support unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) or Shielded Twisted Pair cabling (STP) at 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps wire speed.

All 12 ports default to adapter mode for connection to a Token Ring hub. Additionally, ports 1 through 4 can be conﬁgured to hub mode to allow direct attachment of workstations or servers.

Front Panel LEDs

The LEDs on the front panel of the Switch 2000 TR reﬂect the current status of the switch. Use Table 1-2 to interpret the LED states.

Table 1-1 LED States

LED Name Color Indicates

Packet LEDs Green Trafﬁc present

Flashing yellow

Status LEDs Green Port inserted

Yellow Partitioned via management

Flashing yellow

Off Port not inserted

Option Slot

Status/Packet

Cascade

Status/ Packet

Green Presence of Option card

Flashing green Activity on link

Green Cascade connection present

Error frames present

Auto Error Partition

Table 1-1 LED States

LED Name Color Indicates

Flashing green Activity on link

Power Green Power ON

Yellow RPS w/alarm

MGMT Off Operation normal

Flashing green (slow) Software download

Flashing green (fast) Power On Self Test

(POST)

Yellow POST has failed

LCD Display Buttons

Use the LCD display on the front panel of the Switch 2000 TR to select ports, change system parameters, receive status information, and set the Unit ID number.

■ Right and Left buttons—Change or move

digits or go to the previous menu.

■ Up and Down buttons—Scroll up or down in

speciﬁc menu and increase or decrease digit value.

■ Enter button—Enter a menu or use to enter

the edit mode.

ENTER

Figure 1-4 LCD Display Buttons

1-8 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

The Rear Panel

This section describes the rear panel components of the Switch 2000 TR. Figure 1-5 shows the rear panel.

Reset

IEC Power Socket

and Fuse Holder

Redundant Power

Serial Number

Figure 1-5 Switch 2000 TR Rear Panel

* Refer to the appropriate module installation manual for more information.

Reset Button

RS-232 Console

Optional Slide-In Module Slot*

High-Speed Cascade Connectors

Optional Slide-In Modules 1-9

Power Socket

The Switch 2000 TR automatically adjusts to the supply voltage. The fuse is suitable for both 110 AC and 220-240 AC operation. Refer to “Replacing the Fuse in Chapter 2 for information on replacing fuses.

NOTE: The Switch 2000 TR has no ON/OFF switch.

Serial Number

Refer to this number if you need to report a fault.

Redundant Power System Connector

Use this connector to attach a Redundant Power System (RPS) to the Switch 2000 TR. Disconnect the AC plug when using an RPS.

Reset Button

Using the Reset button simulates a power on/off cycle. You can also perform a software reset using the VT100 interface. Refer to “Setting Up the VT100 Console in Chapter 3.

Console Port

Use the RS-232 console port for connecting a terminal for serial remote or local out-of-band management and conﬁguration. Use the following settings to conﬁgure the VT100:

■ 9600 baud

■ 8 bit

■ No parity

■ 1 stop bit

Optional Slide-In Modules

Option modules provide alternate downlinks for the Switch 2000 TR.

NOTE: Be sure the ﬁller plate cover is installed when

the module slot is not occupied.

Slide-in modules are available for the following:

The ATM Module

The SuperStack II Switch TR ATM OC-3 module provides a high-speed ATM connection between the Switch 2000 TR and ATM networks. When positioned in workgroup or departmental LANs, the ATM downlink module offers a 155 Mbps data path to building, campus or ATM network backbones directly from the Switch 2000 TR. Perfect for providing cost-effective ATM access to smaller isolated LANs or bandwidth intensive and mission critical applications, the ATM downlink also provides a logical migration path for existing Token Ring LANs to mainstream high-speed networking technologies.

Redundant links can protect your Switch 2000 TR from network failure or equipment inconsistencies. The built-in Software Upgrade feature allows you to download software revisions easily.

Beneﬁts of an ATM

ATM is the only computer networking technology designed to carry video, voice and data trafﬁc simultaneously. ATM provides the level of service necessary

1-10 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

to run each of these bandwidth-intensive applications across networks.

The primary beneﬁts of ATM include:

■ ATM is a cell-based communications technology

that easily scales from T1 or ATM 25 to OC-3 (155 Mbps), OC-12 (622 Mbps), OC-48 (2.488 Gbps), and OC-192 (10 Gbps).

■ Additional services are easily added to existing

ATM networks.

■ ATM networks are designed for growth and pro-

vide future scalability.

■ ATM provides LAN Emulation (LANE) technology

which provides interoperability between existing Token Ring, Ethernet, and ATM devices.

Summary of ATM Features

The following list summarizes the features of the SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR ATM module.

■ Conforms to ATM Forum Standards

■ Meets OC-3c 155 Mbps interface

■ SONET (STS 3c) and SDH (STM-1) compliant

■ Multimode Fiber, SC connections

■ LAN Emulation (LANE) version 1.0

■ 16 Emulated LAN Clients

■ 512 Virtual Circuits

■ 1024 remote MAC addresses

■ User-to-Network Interface (UNI) 3.1

■ Interim Local Management Interface (ILMI)

■ AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer

■ 16 Virtual LANs (VLANs)

■ Data buffer to store 40,000 ATM cells

■ Wire Rate Transmission on ATM port

■ Low Latency (68 microseconds between ATM and

Token Ring components).

■ 3Com SmartAgent support, including:

■ SNMP management using 3Com’s Transcend

Enterprise Manager.

■ Telnet management using VT100 interface.

The FDDI Module

The SuperStack II Switch TR FDDI module provides a high-speed connection between the Switch 2000 TR and FDDI backbone networks. When positioned in workgroup or departmental LANs, the FDDI downlink module offers a 100 MB data path to building, campus or FDDI network backbones directly from the Switch 2000 TR. Perfect for providing cost-effective FDDI access to smaller isolated LANs or bandwidth intensive and mission critical applications. The FDDI downlink also provides a logical migration path for existing Token Ring LANs to mainstream networking technologies.

Redundant links can protect your Switch 2000 TR from network failure or equipment inconsistencies. The built-in Software Upgrade feature allows you to download software revisions easily.

Optional Slide-In Modules 1-11

Beneﬁts of FDDI

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a 100-Mbps ﬁber optic local area network standard supported by the ANSI committee.

The primary beneﬁts of FDDI include:

■ A 100 Mbps point of aggregation for multiple

Token Ring segments.

■ Supports Single Attached Station (SAS) or Dual

Attached Station (DAS) functions.

■ Supports server connections via Token Ring FDDI

translation of IP, SNA, IPX, and NetBIOS.

■ Additional services are easily added to existing

FDDI networks.

■ FDDI networks are designed for growth and pro-

vide future scalability.

Summary of FDDI Module Features

The following list summarizes the features of the SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR FDDI module.

■ Conforms to FDDI ANSI Standards

■ Wire Rate Transmission on FDDI port

■ Low Latency.

■ 3Com SmartAgent support, including:

■ SNMP management using 3Com’s Transcend

Enterprise Manager.

■ Telnet management using VT100 interface.

The Token Ring-in-Fast Ethernet (TR-in-FE) Module

TR-in-FE is a 3Com developed technology that encapsulates Token Ring frames in Fast Ethernet frames. Bridging the gap between Token Ring and Ethernet, this technology offers a more cost-effective integration than traditional bridging and routing, and allows Token Ring users to expand their bandwidth while preserving their TR infrastructure.

TR-in-FE is a unique way of combining Token Ring and Ethernet for the purpose of utilizing Fast Ethernet as a backbone and method of server attachment for TR networks. Through a process known as tunneling or encapsulation, TR-in-FE uses Fast Ethernet to transport natively formatted Token Ring frames. This means that both source route and transparent TR frames addressing information is maintained through Fast Ethernet (FE) so that it may be interpreted and utilized by either a destination Token Ring (TR) switch or FE server.

Beneﬁts of TR-in-FE

TR-in-FE offers improvement in the following areas:

■ Scalability

■ TR switching

■ High-speed technologies

■ Wire-speed performance

■ Flexibility

■ High-speed ﬂexibility (choice of D/L technology)

■ Desktop ﬂexibility (TR, Ethernet)

1-12 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

■ Manageability

■ Simple to conﬁgure and administer

TR-in-FE allows both Token Ring and Ethernet to share the same Fast Ethernet physical wiring infrastructure and server base without impacting network performance. TR-in-FE accomplishes this by introducing routing or traditional bridging via Source-Route to Transparent translation.

Fast Ethernet is relatively well understood and easy to conﬁgure. Additionally, many tools exist to manage and administer Fast Ethernet due to its wide acceptance in the industry and its similarity to Ethernet.

TR-in-FE beneﬁts MIS managers most interested in:

■ Preserving existing investments in TR infrastructure

■ Seeking low-cost, high-speed connectivity

■ Combining Ethernet and Token Ring for common

server access

Fast Ethernet is less expensive than other options, such as FDDI and ATM. Using FE, the price per port for server attachment is 20% that of ATM and FDDI.

Summary of TR-in-FE Module Features

The following lists summarize the features of the SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR TR-in-FE module.

■ Full duplex operation

■ Automatic conﬁguration through PCI registration

■ RJ-45 connector for 100 Mbps data rates over cat-

egory 5 UTP wiring up to 100 meters

■ LEDs to indicate link integrity and link activity

■ Promiscuous mode support for NDIS 3.0 and

ODI32 drivers

■ Compliance with FCC Class B, CISPR B, and CE

■ Software conﬁgurable

■ DOS diagnostics and conﬁguration utility

■ Support for frame sizes up to 3992 bytes

Token Ring switching allows the install base of TR equipment and its conﬁguration to remain intact and operational while allowing for an upgrade to higher performance through microsegmentation and interfaces to higher speed technologies. TR-in-FE represents one option for integrating Fast Ethernet into the TR switched environment.

Migrating to High-speed Technologies

Managers want to migrate to FDDI, ATM, or TR-in-FE easily. Using Switch 2000 TRs, critical resources attach directly to high-speed technologies while preserving the investment in Token Ring hardware. They also merge easily with existing network management applications. These features allow network managers to introduce additional switches, servers, and stations seamlessly via direct connections. Switch 2000 TRs can be contained in data centers while remaining connected to high-speed links with single ATM, FDDI, or TR-in-FE module.

Migrating to High-speed Technologies 1-13

16 Mbps

SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR

ATM

SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR

CELLplex 7200

16 Mbps

4 Mbps

16 Mbps

NETBuilder II

SuperStack II Hub TR

Direct attach

Workstations

SuperStack II Hub TR

WAN

SuperStack II Switch 3000 TX

SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR

SuperStack II Redundant Power System

Figure 1-6 Using Switch 2000 TR for Migration to High-Speed Technologies

CoreBuilder Chassis

Fast Ethernet

Server

SuperStack II Switch 1000 TX

SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR

Fast Ethernet

Servers

Token Ring

Servers

Direct attach Workstations

1-14 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

High-speed Cascade Connectors

These connectors provide a high-speed cascade connection between Switch 2000 TRs in a stack. You can connect multiple units to form a single switched domain. You can connect up to six Switch 2000 TRs with these connectors.

A stack of Switch 2000 TRs act as a single multiport switch. The setup conﬁguration parameters are shared among switches and the entire stack can be managed and downloaded as a single IP entity.

Token Ring Switching Concepts

This section describes Token Ring Switching and unique features of the Switch 2000 TR, including:

■ Why Token Ring Switching?

■ Source Route Bridging

■ Transparent Bridging

■ Source Route Transparent Bridging

■ Spanning Tree (802.1d and IBM)

■ Store-and-Forward

■ Cut-through

■ Dynamic Cut-through

■ Congestion Control

■ Workgroups

Why Token Ring Switching?

Existing Token Ring networks are built around shared media technology and typically operate at 16 Mbps

wire speed. This 16 Mbps of bandwidth is shared between all stations on the ring. As applications become more sophisticated, or as work-stations become more powerful, or as the number of users per ring grows, the demand for bandwidth increases. As a result, stations are limited not by their own processing power but by the limitations of the physical network.

In an effort to reduce the trafﬁc per ring and increase the overall bandwidth availability, existing rings have been divided into multiple smaller rings. This division provides more bandwidth per station.

With an optional FDDI or ATM downlink module, Token Ring switching also solves problems found in client-server applications where a shared 100 Mbps (FDDI) or 155 Mbps (ATM) pipeline can provide easy access to servers and WAN links.

The major beneﬁts of Token Ring switching are:

■ Bandwidth relief

■ Migration path to high-speed technologies

■ Cost-effective method for achieving LAN intercon-

nectivity

Source Route Bridging (SRT)

Source Route Bridging is a method of allowing a ring station (node) on a Token Ring network to communicate with another ring station on a different ring interconnected by bridges. The “source” ring station, in other words, the node initiating the communication, is responsible for dynamically determining and then maintaining information about the “route” to

Token Ring Switching Concepts 1-15

the destination ring station. A route is simply the path a packet takes through a source route bridged network from the source ring station to the destination ring station.

In a multiple ring environments, nodes on different rings need additional bridging information before they can communicate with each other. A source ring station must ﬁrst determine if one or more routes exist to another station on a remote ring.

In general, the source ring station determines the route by sending a “discovery” packet out across the multi-ring network. Source routing bridges forward this “discovery” packet while adding path information. Likewise, switches forward any response from the destination ring station to the “discovery” packet originator. When a source ring station receives a response it updates its own bridging table with the information. After determining the optimal path, the ring stations include the path information in every packet transmitted between them.

Switching provides connectivity between LANs, forming enterprise-wide networks. In a Token Ring environment, source routing switches connect Token Ring LANs and enable peer-to-peer and terminal-to-host communications across both local and wide area Token Ring networks. Both PC workgroup protocols and IBM’s Systems Network Architecture (SNA) networks are supported by source routing switches.

Another advantage of switching is that it allows the segmentation of the Token Ring network into multiple rings to reduce trafﬁc on any one particular ring segment. The adjacent rings may be connected by

parallel source routing switches to provide fault tolerance. In the event one switch fails, the other parallel switch can be conﬁgured to automatically maintain connectivity, providing an alternate route for data between the two rings.

Transparent Bridging (TP)

Transparent bridging provides the simplest data communication method. In transparent bridging end stations are not aware of existing intermediate bridges. As such, a transparent bridge learns about its surrounding network from the source addresses of the packets that it receives. Forwarding decisions are based on the destination addresses contained in the MAC header. Transparent bridges consult their bridging table (see “Bridge Table) to determine which port should forward the trafﬁc on to the destination port.

Bridge Table

A switch dynamically manages and updates its bridging table. All switches receive every packet transmitted on the segments attached to its ports. As a result, a switch is able to “learn” the source MAC addresses of each station that transmits packets on its attached segments. Since a switch never places its own MAC address in a packet that it forwards, the received source MAC address always identiﬁes the original transmitter of the packet.

A switch uses the received source address information to construct its bridging table. The bridging table contains a list of all received MAC addresses and the ports on which they were learned. From its bridging

1-16 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

table, a switch knows which port must be used to reach each known MAC address.

Every time a switch receives a packet, it examines its bridging table to determine if the source MAC address is contained in its bridging table. If it is not, it creates a new entry. The switch then searches its bridging table for the address contained in the packet’s destination address ﬁeld. The switch then forwards the packet to the port associated with the destination MAC address. If the port speciﬁed in the bridging table is the same port on which the packet was received, the switch discards the packet.

The “learned” entries in the switch’s bridge table are subject to aging. That means that if the switch does not receive a packet from each entry before the entry’s Age Timer expires, the switches bridging table deletes the entry. This feature allows entries associated with dormant stations to be removed from the switch’s bridge table.

Source Route Transparent Bridging

As the name implies, source route transparent (SRT) bridge performs both source routing and transparent bridging. If a frame with routing information is received at the bridge, the bridge performs source route bridging. Likewise, if a frame without routing information is received at the switch, the switch performs transparent bridging.

Spanning Tree

Spanning Tree support is provided in the Switch 2000 TR.

■ 802.1d Spanning Tree

■ IBM Spanning Tree

802.1d Spanning Tree

Spanning Tree is an industry standard protocol (802.1d) which prevents redundant paths (loops) from existing within a network. By ensuring that only one active data path exists between any two rings, the Spanning Tree protocol prevents the following:

■ Packet duplications

■ Broadcast storms

■ Packet misordering

In addition, Spanning Tree also provides fault tolerance within the network by automatically reconﬁguring the active topology if a fault is detected in the network. This provides contingency paths in the event that the active path is disabled and guarantees stability.

IBM Spanning Tree

IBM Spanning Tree operates the same as 802.1d in that it resolves network loops. However, IBM Spanning Tree uses different addresses and parameters which do not interoperate with 802.1d Spanning Tree.

The IBM Spanning Tree algorithm reduces the number of broadcast frames in source routed networks. A single path is formed between networks from the root bridge. IBM Spanning Tree applies only to Spanning Tree Explorer frames (STEs). All Route Explorer frames (AREs), and Speciﬁcally Routed Frames (SRFs)

Token Ring Switching Concepts 1-17

can use any path in the network. ARE packets are ﬂooded through all bridges onto all rings. This creates multiple copies if redundant paths exist in the network.

When multiple requests are received at the destination; each one causes a response. Implementing Spanning Tree ensures that the number of broadcast packets are signiﬁcantly reduced.

For more information on Spanning Tree, refer to “Spanning Tree Fields in Chapter 4.

Congestion Control

Congestion control prevents loss of packets due to congestion on destination ports. You have a choice among:

■ Flow Control—Flow control balances the band-

width use of the client ring to that of the server ring. This is especially useful in focused load conditions where many ports are sending data to a single port.

Flow control monitors buffer usage and shifts the load onto the end station. This allows the Switch 2000 TR to use the available bandwidth to access the port by balancing trafﬁc on the sending ports.

■ Nonblocking—Occasionally packets that are des-

tined for a particular port cannot be delivered. This is especially true if a ring is busy or not operating. These packets inadvertently impede the delivery of packets destined for known good or free rings. Nonblocking provides a means for discarding packets that can not be delivered while ensuring deliv-

ery of packets with known good or free destinations.

■ Off—In Off mode there is no congestion control.

Packet transfers are based on queue availability in the receive buffer. If there is no buffer space on the receiving port, packets are dropped.

Forwarding Modes

Switch 2000 TR provides three forwarding methods.

■ Store-and-Forward—Switch 2000 TR can use a

conventional store-and-forward method typically found in bridges. In this mode, packets are received and buffered (stored) in their entirety before they are forwarded. This guarantees that errored frames on the source ring are not forwarded to the destination. Although store-and-forward guarantees packet stability, it also involves a transit delay depending on the length of the packet.

■ Cut-thru—Cut-thru avoids the transit delay found

in standard store-and-forward methods. Although cut-through can be applied only between ports that are operating at the same wire speed or from a high speed port to a low speed port, it does provide better transit rates by forwarding a frame as soon as enough information is available to determine the destination port.

■ Dynamic Cut-thru—In Dynamic Cut-thru mode

the switch monitors error rates on the source. If a user set threshold is exceeded, the switch port changes to store and forward mode until the error rate reduces. At this point the port reverts to

1-18 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW

VLANs

Cut-thru mode. The default mode for the Switch 2000 TR is Dynamic Cut-thru.

A VLAN is deﬁned as a group of location- and topology- independent devices that communicate as though they were on the same physical LAN. This means that they are not restricted by the hardware that physically connects them, and segments are deﬁned by ﬂexible user groups created by the user. For example, with VLANS, the user can deﬁne a network according to:

Department Groups—A VLAN could be created for the Marketing Department, another VLAN for the Finance Department, and still another for the Development Department.

Hierarchical Groups—A VLAN could be created for directors, another for managers, and still another for general staff.

Usage Groups—A VLAN could be created for Email users, another for multimedia users, and so on.

VLANs facilitate the administration of logical groups of stations that can communicate as though they were on the same LAN. VLANs also facilitate moves, adds, and changes of members of logical groups.

Trafﬁc between VLANs is ﬁrewalled. This limits the propagation of multicast and broadcast trafﬁc between VLANs.

Each distinct VLAN is uniquely identiﬁed throughout the bridged LAN. A consistent representation of a VLAN exists across a VLAN fabric (including ATM). This means that the shared VLAN knowledge of a particular packet remains the same as the packet travels from one point to another.

Advantages of VLAN

All 802 media and shared media support VLANs. In addition, implementing VLANs:

■ Eases the change of devices

■ Helps control broadcast trafﬁc

■ Provides extra security

GETTING STARTED

This chapter describes the installation and setup procedures for the Switch 2000 TR:

■ Important Safety Information

■ Positioning the Switch 2000 TR

■ Installing the Slide-in Modules

■ Installing the Switch 2000 TR

■ Connecting Redundant Power System

■ Connecting to the Serial Port

■ Device Defaults

Important Safety Information

NOTE: Warnings contain directions that you must

follow for your personal safety. Follow all instructions carefully. Please read the following safety information before installing the Switch 2000 TR.

■ Installation or removal of any add-in module or

cable must be performed by qualiﬁed personnel only.

■ The Switch 2000 TR must be attached to a

grounded power source.

■ The power cord must comply with the standards of

the country in which the Switch 2000 TR is to be installed.

■ For USA and Canada:

■ The cord must be UL-approved and CSA certi-

ﬁed.

■ The minimum speciﬁcations for the ﬂexible

cord:

No. 18 AWG

Type SV or SJ

3-conductor

■ The cord must have a rated current capacity of

at least 10 Amps.

2-2 CHAPTER 2: GETTING STARTED

■ If the power supply plug is unsuitable and you

must replace it, refer to the following speciﬁcations:

■ Brown wire to the Live (Line) plug terminal. The

terminal may be marked with the letter L or colored red.

■ Blue wire to the Neutral plug terminal. The ter-

minal may be marked with the letter N or colored black.

■ Yellow/green wire to the Ground (earth) plug

terminal which may be marked with the letter (E) or the earth symbol or colored yellow/green.

■ The Switch 2000 TR operates under SELV condi-

tions (Safety Extra Low Voltage) according to IEC

950. This standard is complied with only when the unit is connected to equipment following the same standard.

■ Use only fuses of the same type and manufacture

with the Switch 2000 TR.

CAUTION: Never remove the cover. The Switch 2000 TR contains no user-serviceable parts.

Positioning the Switch 2000 TR

The Switch 2000 TR is suited for data center and workgroup applications. It can be mounted in a standard 19-inch rack, on a wall, or free-standing on a table or similar surface. A mounting kit with two brackets is provided for wall or rack mounting.

Considerations for Placement

Be aware of the following considerations when installing the Switch 2000 TR:

■ Can cable lengths and media be supported prop-

erly?

■ Is cabling located away from sources of electrical

noise such as radios, transmitters and other radio frequency equipment?

■ Are all objects removed from the top of the unit or

stack?

■ Is air ﬂow adequate through the side vents?

■ Is unit installed in moisture and water-proof envi-

ronment?

CAUTION: Never remove an Optional Slide-in module ﬁller plate without disconnecting the power source ﬁrst.

Installing the Slide-in Modules 2-3

Conﬁguration Guidelines

The cable topology rules for Token Ring are shown below:

Media 4 Mbps 16 Mbps

Category 3 UTP 660 ft/200m 330 ft/100m

Category 4, 5 UTP 1,320 ft/400m 660 ft/200m

Type 1 STP 2,000 ft/600m 1,000 ft/300m

Power Supply and Fuse

The Switch 2000 TR automatically adjusts to the supplied voltage. The fuse is suitable for either 90-110V A.C. or 220-240V A.C. A spare fuse is provided in the fuse drawer.

Replacing the Fuse

Refer to Figure 2-1 for the location of the fuse. When necessary, replace the Switch 2000 TR fuse with a fuse that has the following speciﬁcations:

■ 250 volts — 4A Slo-Blo

1 Power down the Switch 2000 TR by removing the AC

power cord or the Redundant Power System cords.

2 Gently pry open the fuse holder cover with a small

ﬂat-blade screwdriver.

Fuse location

AC connector

Figure 2-1 Switch 2000 TR Fuse Location

3 Slide out the fuse holder drawer and remove the fuse. 4 Install the replacement fuse and close the fuse

drawer.

5 Re-insert the power cord and apply power.

Installing the Slide-in Modules

This section explains how to install the three optional modules into a SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR device. The modules are:

■ ATM

■ FDDI

■ TR-in-FE

2-4 CHAPTER 2: GETTING STARTED

CAUTION: Always follow Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) procedures when installing an I/O Module.

1 If the Switch is connected to the network, turn off the

power and disconnect the switch from the main power supply and the network.

2 Place the Switch on a ﬂat, clean, hard, work surface. 3 Locate and remove the blanking plate that covers the

slot. See Figure 2-2. Retain the blanking plate and the screws for future use.

4 Use the guide rails within the Switch slot to align the

module. The location of the guide rails and the correct positioning of the plate is shown in Figure 2-2.

5 Slide the module into the slot without touching the

top or bottom of the circuit board, which positions upside down on the plate. Ensure that the module is pushed fully into the unit.

6 Use the thumb screws attached to the module to ﬁx

the module ﬁrmly into place.

7 Connect the cable to the module port.

Token Ring-In-Fast Ethernet Module

Full Duplex

Port Status

Reset

Console Port 9600,8,1,N

3C510620

Board postions with electronics facing down

Figure 2-2 Inserting a Slide-in Module into a Switch 2000 TR

NOTE: For cable speciﬁcations see the guide that

came with your module.

8 Each end of the cable has a transmit (Tx) and receive

(Rx) connector. Connect the Rx connector to the port’s Tx socket. Connect the Tx connector to the port’s Rx socket. Do the same at the other end of the connection.

9 Power up the switch. The link status LED turns green

once a valid connection is made.

Installing the Switch 2000 TR 2-5

Installing the Switch 2000 TR

Rack Mounting

The Switch 2000 TR ﬁts a standard 19-inch data communications rack typically found in wiring closets.

1 Unpack the Switch 2000 TR and place it on a hard,

ﬂat surface.

2 Position one of the enclosed mounting brackets over

the mounting holes and attach. See Figure 2-3.

Figure 2-3 Rack Mounting the Switch 2000 TR

for mounting the unit. A ﬂat, smooth surface that is dry and sturdy is best.

1 Unpack the Switch 2000 TR and place on a hard, ﬂat

surface.

2 Position one of the enclosed mounting brackets over

the mounting holes and attach. See Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4 Wall Mounting the Switch 2000 TR

3 Repeat the process for the second bracket. 4 Mount the Switch 2000 TR to the wall. Be sure to

allow for adequate ventilation.

3 Repeat the process for the second bracket. 4 Insert the Switch 2000 TR in the rack and secure it

with suitable screws (not included). Be sure to allow for adequate ventilation.

Wall Mounting

The Switch 2000 TR can be mounted to a wall with the enclosed brackets. Be sure that the wall is suitable

Stack Mounting

The Switch 2000 TR can be stacked with other components of the SuperStack system using the four enclosed self-adhesive rubber pads. Apply the rubber adhesive pads to the underside of the unit. Stack the units, ensuring that the pads of the upper unit sit in the recesses in the cover of the lower unit.

2-6 CHAPTER 2: GETTING STARTED

Connecting Redundant Power System

To install an RPS, proceed as follows:

1 Power down by disconnecting the AC power cord on

the Switch 2000 TR.

2 Connect an RPS cable assembly to the RPS connector

on the back panel of the Switch 2000 TR.

3 Connect the other end of the RPS cable assembly to

the RPS connector on the back panel of the RPS unit.

Connecting to the Serial Port

The Switch 2000 TR serial port settings are set to:

■ Character size—8

■ Parity—None

■ Stop Bit—1

■ Baud Rate—9600

Terminals connected to the Switch 2000 TR must be conﬁgured to these same settings before you can communicate.

Connecting a VT100 Terminal

To connect a VT100 terminal directly to the serial port on the Switch 2000 TR you need a standard null modem cable. Follow these steps:

1 Connect one end of the cable to the serial port on the

Switch 2000 TR and the other end to the serial port on the VT100 terminal.

2 Ensure that your terminal is conﬁgured to the appro-

priate settings listed above.

Device Defaults

The tables list the factory defaults for the Switch 2000 TR.

Table 2-1 Unit Defaults

Unit ID #6

CAUTION: Setting the Unit # ensures that all conﬁgu-

ration parameters are retained when connecting additional switches. Change this number to reﬂect position of switch in stack. The ﬁrst (bottom) switch should be set to 1.

Connection to the serial port can be direct for local management or through a modem for remote management.

For more information on the serial port console, refer to “Setting Up the VT100 Console in Chapter 3.

Table 2-2 Port Defaults

Admin State Enabled

Workgroup ID Unit 1

Personality Ports 1 through 12 adapter

Internal Priority Normal

Congestion Control Non-blocking

Token Priority Normal

Device Defaults 2-7

Speed 16 Mbps

Forwarding Mode Cut-through

Dynamic Cut-thru Rising

Falling 10%

Broadcast Storm Rising Threshold

Falling Threshold 50%

Rising Action none

Falling Action none

Port Bridge Defaults

Priority 100

Path Cost 62

Attached LAN ID FFFF (hex)

Max-Route Desc. 8

STE Mode Auto-Span

Table 2-3 Stack Defaults

BootP Client Enable

20%

60%

Spanning Tree Support Disabled

Spanning Tree Parameters:

Priority 32768

Max Age 20 seconds

Hello Time 200 seconds

Forward Delay 15 seconds

Transparent Parameter:

Entry Age 300 seconds

802.1d

Table 2-4 Workgroup Defaults

WorkGroup Name WGroup Created (single)

Table 2-5

Number of Ports 12

Bridge Type SRT

BPDU Address C0-00-00-00-01-00

Bridge Defaults

2-8 CHAPTER 2: GETTING STARTED

SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

This chapter describes background information for conﬁguration and the procedures for initial setup of the SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR, including:

■ Switch 2000 TR Management Options

■ Conﬁguring Switch 2000 TR in Stack

■ Managing over the Network

■ Management Prerequisites

■ Switch 2000 TR Management Consoles

■ Setting Up the VT100 Console

■ Setting Up the LCD Console

■ Setting Up BOOTP

■ Auto Logout

■ Upgrading Software

■ Resetting the Switch 2000 TR

The ﬁrst step required for setup is assigning a Unit ID number which you conﬁgure with the LCD Console. Refer to “Management Prerequisites, Setting Unit ID” for instructions on assigning the Unit ID. You have two methods for the initial setup—VT100 or LCD console. When the switch has been conﬁgured for management, you assign the remainder of the parameters as described in Chapters 4 and 5.

Switch 2000 TR Management Options

You manage the Switch 2000 TR using one of the following communication methods:

■ Use an SNMP network manager such as Tran-

scend® Enterprise Manager over a network running IP protocols. Each network manager application provides its own user interface.

■ Use the VT100 interface for out-of-band commu-

nications by connecting a VT100 terminal (or workstation with terminal emulation software) to the serial port of the Switch 2000 TR.

■ Use the VT100 interface over a TCP/IP network for

in-band communications using a workstation running a VT100 terminal emulation program and Telnet.

■ Use the front panel liquid crystal display (LCD) and

associated buttons.

These communications methods are summarized in the following table and explained in detail in following sections.

3-2 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Table 3-1 Switch 2000 TR Management Options

Access mechanism Allows you to. . . Using . . .

Serial Port Establish an

out-of-band connection to the VT100 console.

IP Establish in-band

connection to the VT100 console

SNMP Manage devices using

SNMP network management application

LCD Set basic parameter,

view port status, and set Unit ID

VT100 Console

Telnet on TCP/IP protocol stack

SNMP on TCP/IP protocol stack

Front panel display

VT100 Management Interface

The menu-driven interface for the Switch 2000 TR is known as the VT100 interface or Local Management interface. Using a simple series of menus, the VT100 interface provides access to switch functions, including port, stack, unit, bridge, switch, and workgroup settings and statistics; communication parameters, and security levels for individual users. Refer to “The VT100 Console” for more information.

You establish VT100 management communications with the Switch 2000 TR via the serial port or an IP Network connection as explained next.

Via the Serial Port

Access the management interface via a VT100 terminal or using VT100 terminal emulation software. You can connect directly to the Switch 2000 TR using the

serial port or via a modem connection. This method is especially useful for initial setup and conﬁguration or if the device is not reachable via network management applications.

This method allows you to manage the Switch 2000 TR when:

■ You conﬁgure and initialize the system.

■ The LAN is unable to provide reliable service.

■ The network manager does not have direct LAN

connection.

■ The network manager software does not support

SNMP.

When a connection has been established, the main Switch 2000 TR banner appears and you can log on.

Via an IP Network Connection

Access the management interface via a Telnet utility over a network running TCP/IP. The console interface is the same as that of the interface for the serial port. The Telnet application requires a VT100 terminal emulation application interface.

Before you can start a Telnet session, you must set up the IP parameters. To open a Telnet session, you must specify the IP address of the device you want to manage. Up to three Telnet sessions can exist simultaneously.

When a connection has been established, the main Switch 2000 TR banner appears and you can log on.

Conﬁguring Switch 2000 TR in Stack 3-3

Conﬁguring Switch 2000 TR in Stack

Head Unit

One of the unique characteristics of the Switch 2000 TR is its ability to be part of a stack. When installed as members of a stack, up to 6 Switch 2000 TRs form the equivalent of a switching chassis, managed using the same IP address. All trafﬁc, management, monitoring, and conﬁguration tasks and inquiries operate through the high-speed cascade interface located at the rear of each unit. See Figure 3-1.

Conﬁguration rules for the Switch 2000 TR are simple:

■ The head unit must have the lowest Unit ID

number in the stack.

■ The head unit should be at the bottom of the

stack.

■ It is recommended that each consecutive unit have

sequential Unit IDs.

■ To ensure redundancy each consecutive unit

should have the same IP address setting as the head unit.

SuperStack II

LINK STATUS

green =link OK

yellow =MGMT partition

flashing yellow =auto error partition

off =inactive

Packet —

123

Status — Packet —

12x

Status —

green =link OK

yellow =MGMT partition

flashing yellow =auto error partition

off =inactive

Packet —

123

Status — Packet —

12x

Status —

green =link OK

yellow =MGMT partition

flashing yellow =auto error partition

off =inactive

Packet —

123

Status — Packet —

12x

Status —

green =link OK yellow =MGMT partition flashing yellow =auto error partition

off =inactive

Packet —

123

Status — Packet —

12x

Status —

green =link OK

yellow =MGMT partition

flashing yellow =auto error partition

off =inactive

Packet —

123

Status — Packet —

12x

Status —

green =link OK yellow =MGMT partition flashing yellow =auto error partition

off =inactive

Packet —

123

Status — Packet —

12x

Status —

Switch 2000 TR

Power

5 6

8910

O C

8910

MGMT

ENTER

Option Slot Cascade

SuperStack II

LINK STATUS

Switch 2000 TR

Power

5 6

8910

O C

8910

MGMT

ENTER

Option Slot Cascade

SuperStack II

LINK STATUS

Switch 2000 TR

Power

5 6

8910

O C

8910

MGMT

ENTER

Option Slot Cascade

SuperStack II

LINK STATUS

Switch 2000 TR

Power

5 6

8910

O C

8910

MGMT

ENTER

Option Slot Cascade

SuperStack II

LINK STATUS

Switch 2000 TR

Power

5 6

8910

O C

8910

MGMT

ENTER

Option Slot Cascade

SuperStack II

LINK STATUS

Switch 2000 TR

Power

5 6

8910

O C

8910

MGMT

ENTER

Option Slot Cascade

Figure 3-1 Switch 2000 TR in stack setting.

Cascade Connections

Cascade connectors must attach from the top connector of bottom unit to the bottom connector of next highest unit, up through the stack. See Figure 3-2.

Unit ID #

6 5 4 3 2

Head Unit

Figure 3-2 Switch 2000 TR Cascade Connections

3-4 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Managing over the Network

Any network manager application running Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) can manage the Switch 2000 TR, provided the Management Information Base (MIB) is installed correctly on the management station. SNMP ﬁles for all 3Com products are available on the “3Com Bulletin Board Service” in Appendix F.

Network management applications provide their own user interface to the management facilities. 3Com’s Transcend® family of network managers, for instance, have all the facilities for managing the Switch 2000 TR. The Switch 2000 TR supports SNMP over TCP/IP protocol.

IP Addresses

Internet Protocol (IP) addresses are designed using dotted decimal notation, such as n.n.n.n, where n is a number between 0 and 255.

A sample IP address is 192.128.40.120.

IP addresses have two parts:

■ The ﬁrst part of the address (192.128.40 in the

example) identiﬁes the network on which the device resides. Network addresses are assigned by international organizations. Each set of network numbers is unique within the context of the Internet.

■ The second part of the address (.120 in the exam-

ple) identiﬁes the device within the network.

Assigning unique device addresses is the responsibility of your network organization.

Operating IP in a Closed Network

If you are the manager of a network that has no connection to the outside world, you might not need uniquely assigned network addresses. If you are using the IP protocol for internal management of your network, you can assign arbitrary addresses, provided each device is unique.

If you decide to use the IP protocol internally we suggest using addresses in the 192.100.X.Y, series where X and Y are numbers between 1 and 254.

If you later connect to the outside world, you will have to re-assign new, valid network numbers assigned to your network by the NIC or other international organization. Refer to “Obtaining Network Addresses”.

A subnet address is a ﬁltering system for IP addresses. We suggest using a general mask such as

255.255.255.0 if you are unsure what mask to use.

Obtaining Network Addresses

Contact one of the following organizations to obtain a valid set of network addresses.

■ In the United States

InterNIC Registration Services 505 Huntmar Park Drive Herndon, VA 22070

Telephone number:

Management Prerequisites 3-5

1-800-444-4345, 1-619-455-4600, 1-703-742-4777

■ In Europe

RIPE NCC Kruislaan 409 NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam The Netherlands

Telephone number:

+31 20 592 5065

■ In Asia Paciﬁc

Asia Paciﬁc Network Information Center (APNIC-DOM) c/o Computer Center, University of Tokyo 2-11-16 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113 Japan

Telephone number:

+81 3 3580 3782

Management Prerequisites

Before you can successfully operate and manage the Switch 2000 TR you must assign a Unit ID number to the device. This section describes the

necessary steps for assigning a Unit ID#.

The only method for assigning a Unit number is via the LCD Console located on the front panel of the Switch 2000 TR.

Locate the LCD Console and proceed as follows:

1 Power on the Switch 2000 TR.

Switch 2000 TR>Unit ID 6 appears in the LCD Console. This is the factory default.

2 Press [Enter] to enter the working menu of the LCD

Console.

Switch 2000 TR>Unit appears.

3 Press [Enter].

UNIT>Unit # appears.

4 Press [Enter].

Unit #>6 appears.

5 Press the [Down Arrow] once. The number 1 appears. 6 Press [Enter]. The Unit ID number has now been set. 7 Press [Left Arrow] twice to return to the main LCD

Console menu.

Continue with the management setup as described in the remainder of this chapter.

3-6 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Source Routing Prerequisites

If you plan to operate the Switch 2000 TR in a source routing environment, you need to assign a segment ID. Follow the instructions below, from the Port Setup screen:

1 Select Bridge from the bottom of the Port Setup

screen. The Port Bridge Setup screen appears.

Figure 3-3 Port Bridge Setup Screen (Attached LAN ID Setting)

2 Assign an Attached LAN ID under the Source Routing

heading on the right side of the screen. The Attached LAN ID is set to FFFF which is the

default setting for “not assigned.”

You must assign a value to this ﬁeld to perform source routing. Refer to “Setting Source Route Bridging in Chapter 4 for more information.

Switch 2000 TR Management Consoles

The following sections describe how to get started managing your Switch 2000 TR. If you plan to manage the Switch 2000 TR using IP or SNMP, you will have to assign an IP address to the Switch 2000 TR using one of these interfaces:

■ VT100 Console Interface. See Chapter 4.

■ LCD Console Interface. See Chapter 5.

■ BootP may also be used to assign IP address. Refer

to “Setting Up BOOTP”.

The VT100 Console

This section describes the screen conventions used in the Switch 2000 TR VT100 console interface. The VT100 interface allows you to set and/or view these switch parameters:

■ IP and associated addresses and management

■ Port personality, speed, and state

■ Bridge type, bridge number and Spanning Tree

state

■ Switch 2000 TR status and hardware and software

version numbers

Choice Field

Example display:

*text*

Text enclosed with asterisks is a list from which you can select one option. Press [Space] to cycle through the options. When your choice is highlighted press

Switch 2000 TR Management Consoles 3-7

[Down Arrow] or [Return] to move to the next ﬁeld. Refer to “Switch 2000 TR VT100 Console Interface Menu Map”.

Entry Field

Example display:

[text]

Text enclosed in square brackets on the screen indicates a text entry ﬁeld. This ﬁeld may be text, numeric data, or hexadecimal data.

Password ﬁelds are hidden, meaning the text you type is not shown on the screen.

In some cases an Entry ﬁeld has a default entry. To change the default value, simply type in a new value for this ﬁeld and the default entry will be erased. Press [Down Arrow] or [Return] to move on to the next ﬁeld.

Button

Example display:

Text for button is always shown in uppercase letters. Buttons carry out actions. For example OK: or CANCEL. To select a button, move the cursor to the button and press [Return].

List Boxes

Example display:

monitor, manager, or security

A list box allows you to select one or more items from a list. These keys allow you to select from a list:

■ [Return]—moves the cursor to the next ﬁeld. Car-

ries out a button’s action.

■ [Space Bar]—moves through a text list for a ﬁeld.

Use it to highlight the item or value you want.

■ [Down Arrow]—moves down a list item by item

and starts over again at the top.

■ [Ctrl] + [U]—moves the cursor one screen up the

list box.

■ [Ctrl] + [D]—moves the cursor one page down the

list box.

Key Board Shortcuts

Here are some shortcuts you can use to navigate within the console screens:

■ [Tab]—Moves from one ﬁeld on a form to the next

on any screen without making a change.

■ [Return]—Moves you to the next form ﬁeld after

you have made an entry.

■ [Left Arrow]—Moves you to the previous ﬁeld on

the screen or the previous character in an editable ﬁeld.

■ [Right Arrow]—Moves you to the next ﬁeld on

the screen or the next character in an editable ﬁeld.

■ [Ctrl] + [R]—Refreshes the screen.

■ [Ctrl] + [B]—Moves the cursor to the next button.

■ [Ctrl] + [P]—Returns to the previous screen.

3-8 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

■ [Ctrl] + [N]—Moves to the next screen after imple-

menting current screen settings.

■ [Ctrl] + [K]—Displays list of key strokes.

Correcting Text Entries

Use [Delete] on a VT100 terminal or [Backspace] on a PC. This key moves the cursor one space to the left and deletes a character. To delete more than one character, press the key once for each character.

NOTE: Check carefully before using the Control keys.

If you are using Telnet or a terminal emulation program you may ﬁnd that some Control keys do not work the same or that they control other functions. Refer to the documentation that accompanies your Telnet or terminal emulation software.

Default Users

Three default user types are allowed by the resident management console. They cannot be deleted or altered by the network administrator. Refer to Table 3-2 for default names and passwords. Refer to Appendix B for a listing of Screen Access Rights.

Table 3-2 Default User Names and Passwords

Default Name Password Access Level

monitor monitor monitor

manager manager manager

security security security

VT100 Console Menu Map

Figure 3-4 displays the menu structure for the Switch 2000 TR VT100 console interface.

VT100 Console Menu Map 3-9

Switch 2000 Main Banner

Switch

Management

Stack

Unit

Port

VLAN

Bridge

I/O Module

Switch 2000

Logon

Quick

Config

Bridge Config

TR Port Config

Switch 2000

Main Menu

User

Access

Levels

Local

Security

Create

User

Delete Users

Change

User

Status

Fault

Log

Management

Setup

Traps

Serial

Port

Software Upgrade

Initialize Reset

Remote

Poll

Logoff

Figure 3-4 Switch 2000 TR VT100 Console Interface Menu Map

3-10 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Setting Up the VT100 Console

This section provides instructions for setting up the VT100 console for local or remote management.

1 Connect a VT100-compatible terminal to the serial

port of the Switch 2000 TR. Conﬁgure the terminal to the following settings:

■ 9600 baud

■ 8 data bits

■ 1 stop bit

■ No parity

2 Press [Return] one or more times until the Switch

2000 Main Banner appears. See Figure 3-5.

4 Log on using the default name security and pass-

word security. See Figure 3-6.

Figure 3-6 Logon Screen

5 Select OK. The Main Menu appears. See Figure 3-7.

Figure 3-5 Main Banner

NOTE: You cannot modify these settings. If your ter-

minal is already set up with these values, the Main Banner appears as soon as power-up completes.

3 Press [Return] at the Main Banner.

Figure 3-7 Main Menu

6 Select the Management Setup option.

The 3Com Switch 2000 TR Management Setup screen appears. See “Switch 2000 TR Management Setup Fields”.

Figure 3-8 Switch 2000 TR Management Setup Screen

7 Fill in the following ﬁelds:

■ Device IP Address

■ Device Subnet Mask (if applicable)

■ Default Router (if applicable)

8 Select OK when you have ﬁnished Management

Setup. You will be asked to conﬁrm your settings.

9 Press [Enter]. Settings are conﬁrmed.

10 Reboot the Switch 2000 TR by returning to the main

menu and selecting RESET. See “Resetting the Switch 2000 TR” on page 3-18.

You are now ready to communicate with the Switch 2000 TR using IP and an SNMP-based management application.

Setting Up the VT100 Console 3-11

Switch 2000 TR Management Setup Fields

MAC Address

Displays the Switch 2000 TR unit MAC address.

Locally Admin Address

Use this ﬁeld to assign locally administered addresses to the management port. You need to reset the Switch 2000 TR for the address to take effect. The Locally Administered Address ﬁeld allows you to assign a unique MAC address to the unit. This feature is useful for identifying speciﬁc units by their addresses.

To set a Locally Administered Address, take these steps.

1 Enter address in hexadecimal from the Locally Admin.

ﬁeld. This must be in the range of 400000 000000 to 7FFFFF FFFFFF.

2 Select OK. 3 Reset the Switch 2000 TR.

NOTE: The Locally Administered address will not be

valid unless the Switch 2000 TR is reset. Refer to “Resetting the Switch 2000 TR” for instructions on resetting.

To reverse the Locally Administered address and revert to the resident MAC address you must enter all zeros and reset the Switch 2000 TR.

3-12 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Work Group ID

The workgroup number for purposes of management. Management is only part of a single workgroup and should be viewed as a sub-net. If you move your management setup to a new or different subnet, you will need to change the workgroup ID.

Device IP Address

You must assign a unique address to the device in this ﬁeld. You change the IP address using this ﬁeld.

Device SubNet Mask

You must assign a suitable network mask to the device in this ﬁeld. For a class B address, 255.255.0.0 is suitable. You change the Device SubNet Mask using this ﬁeld.

Default Router

Enter the IP address of the router with which the Switch 2000 TR communicates. You can change the Default Router IP address using this ﬁeld.

NOTE: The above IP address parameters and Work

Group ID will not be valid unless the Switch 2000 TR is reset.

SETUP TRAPS

Select this button to display the setup screen for SNMP trap parameters. Refer to Chapter 4.

SERIAL PORT

Select this button to display the setup screen for serial port parameters. Refer to Chapter 4.

The LCD Console 3-13

ENTER

The LCD Console

This section describes the LCD Console. The LCD Console allows you to enter speciﬁc conﬁguration parameters and obtain status data on the Switch 2000 TR without using a management workstation console or application.

Switch 2000 TR

Unit Id. 1

Unit Id: 1

ENTER

Figure 3-9 Switch 2000 TR LCD Console

Use the left, right, up, down, and enter buttons to view, enter, edit, or delete conﬁguration parameters.

■ Unit ID

■ IP and associated addresses and management

■ Port personality, speed, state

■ Bridge type and Spanning Tree state

■ Switch status; hardware and software versions

Left Arrow

Use the left arrow to go to the previous menu.

Right Arrow

Use the right arrow to move to a speciﬁc digit on any data ﬁeld line.

Up Arrow

Use the up arrow to scroll up in a speciﬁc menu or to decrease the value of a highlighted digit.

Down Arrow

Use the down arrow to scroll down in a speciﬁc menu or to increase the value of a highlighted digit.

LCD Console Buttons

Enter

Use this button to accept or change data on any ﬁeld or scroll further down in LCD menu.

3-14 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

LCD Console Menu Map

Figure 3-10 displays the menu structure for the LCD console interface on the front panel of the Switch 2000 TR.

Switch 2000 TR

Unit Id. 1

Legend:

ENTER accepts selection and moves to next menu

LEFT ARROW returns to previous menu

RIGHT ARROW moves to next digit

UP/DOWN ARROWS scroll through a specific menu

ENTER

Switch 2000 TR

> Unit

Switch 2000 TR

> Port

Switch 2000 TR

> I/O Module

Switch 2000 TR

> Bridge

Switch 2000 TR

> Management

ENTER

Unit #

Port ID Personality Speed Port State Link State

Module Type Module State

HW Version

SW Version

Boot SW Version

Bridge Type Spanning Tree

P Mgmt

ENTER

Port ID Personality Speed Port State Link State

SRT Transparent Source-Route

802.1d IBM Disabled

IP Address Subnet Mask Default Router

ENTER

Port ID

Personality

Speed

Port State

Link State

ENTER

IP Address

Subnet Mask

Default Router

Switch 2000 TR

> Status

Switch 2000 TR

> Reset

Figure 3-10 Switch 2000 TR LCD Console Menu Map

ENTER

HW Version SW Version Boot SW Ver

Confirm RESET?

Confirm RESET? Y<ENTER> : N <-

ENTER

Switch 2000 TR

RESETTING . . . .

Setting Up the LCD Console 3-15

Setting Up the LCD Console

This section provides instructions for setting up the LCD console for local or remote management.

1 Press the [Enter] button on the front panel LCD to

enter the main menu.

Switch 2000 TR

Unit Id. 1

Unit Id: 1

ENTER

Figure 3-11 Front Panel LCD Main Banner

2 Press [Down Arrow] until the Switch 2000 TR >Man-

agement screen appears.

3 Press [Enter] to enter the management menu and

select the desired management type. At this point you can choose IP.

■ If you choose IP, you need to assign an IP address,

subnet mask and default router in order to communicate with the Switch 2000 TR. Refer to “IP Address Setup” on.

IP Address Setup

From the Management>IP Mgmt screen, proceed as follows:

1 Press [Enter] to select IP address ﬁeld.

The IP Mgmt >IP Address screen appears.

2 Press [Enter].

A blank decimal notation appears on the IP Address.

3 Enter IP address as follows:

■ Select the value of the digit by moving the

[Up or Down Arrow] until the desired value appears. Choose from 0 through 9 and “.”.

■ Select the next digit by moving the [Right

Arrow].

NOTE: Be sure to use standard dotted decimal nota-

tion for the IP address.

4 Press [Enter] to accept the address.

If the address is valid, you return to the previous menu by pressing [Enter]. If the address is invalid an error message displays and returns you to the previous menu when you press [Enter].

5 Press [Down Arrow].

The IP Mgmt >Subnet Mask screen appears.

6 Press [Enter].

A blank decimal notation appears in the Subnet Mask ﬁeld.

7 Enter the Subnet Mask address as follows:

■ Select the value of the digit by moving the

[Up or Down Arrow] until the desired value appears. Choose from 0 through 9 and “.”.

■ Select the ﬁrst digit by moving the [Right Arrow].

8 Press [Enter] to accept the address. 9 Press [Down Arrow].

The IP Mgmt >Default Router screen appears.

3-16 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

10 Press [Enter].

A blank decimal notation appears in the Default Router ﬁeld.

11 Enter the Default Router address as follows:

■ Select the value of the digit by moving the

[Up or Down Arrow] until the desired value appears. Choose from 0 through 9 and “.”.

■ Select the desired digit by moving the [Right

Arrow].

12 Press [Enter] to accept the address. 13 Press [Left Arrow] to return to the higher level screens

in the LCD console.

NOTE: RESET the Switch 2000 TR for any address set-

tings to take effect. Refer to “Resetting the Switch 2000 TR” for instructions.

You are now ready to communicate with the Switch 2000 TR using IP and an SNMP-based management application. Refer to Chapter 5 for more information on conﬁguring the bridge, port, and other management tasks.

Setting Up BOOTP

The BOOTP option allows you to enable or disable the bootstrap protocol. The BOOTP (bootstrap protocol) allows the switch to discover and learn its own IP address and routing table information. To conﬁgure a Switch 2000 TR with the BOOTP option you will need a BOOTP server program. The MAC address, recorded on a label on the rear panel of the Switch 2000 TR, must be entered in the BOOTP server program along with the corresponding IP address of the Switch 2000 TR and its default route information. This allows the BOOTP request from the agent to be logged by the BOOTP server which then supplies the required IP information.

Table 3-3

BOOTP State IP Address Conﬁgured BOOTP Requests. . .

Enabled (default)

Enabled Yes Not sent, IP address is

Disabled Yes/No Not sent

No Sent continuously (approx.

every 512 secs.) until address is discovered

known

Follow the instructions below to set the BootP communications parameters.

1 Log on to the Switch 2000 TR. 2 Select Switch Management from the main menu. 3 Select *Stack* 4 Select Setup.

The Stack Setup screen appears. See Figure 3-12.

Figure 3-12 Stack Setup Screen (BootP Setup)

5 (Optional) Enter a sysname for the stack. 6 Toggle the [Space Bar] to Enable or Disable BootP.

Setting Up BOOTP 3-17

3-18 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Auto Logout

The Switch 2000 TR has a built-in auto logout feature which disables the VT100 interface after approximately three minutes without keyboard activity. This feature provides a level of security for network managers.

To view the Auto Logout screen proceed as follows:

1 After approximately three minutes without keyboard

activity from any VT100 screen the following message appears at the bottom of the screen:

“Warning:Inactivity timer expiring within 10 seconds.” After the above warning is posted the following message appears:

“Inactivity timer expired.”

2 Press [Enter].

The Auto Logout screen appears. See Figure 3-13.

4 Press [Enter].

You return to the screen you were viewing before the inactivity timer expired. Refer to Table 3-2 for passwords.

Figure 3-13 Switch 2000 TR Auto Logout Screen

3 Enter your password.

Upgrading Software

The Software Upgrade feature allows you to download new software images using TFTP running over UDP/IP.

When 3Com Corporation issues a new version of the software image for the Switch 2000 TR, you can obtain it from the 3Com Bulletin Board Service. See “3Com Bulletin Board Service in Appendix F.

You can download a version of the software image from a single unit in a stack. In most cases this unit will be the head unit. The ﬁle name “Unit # n” (see the Field Name ﬁeld in Figure 3-14) is reserved for that purpose, where “n” speciﬁes the ID of the unit from which the download occurs.

The following download procedure assumes that you have more than one switch in your stack and that the download proceeds from the head unit:

1 From the Switch 2000 TR main menu, select SOFT-

WARE UPGRADE.

2 Press [Return].

The Software Upgrade screen appears. See Figure 3-14.

Upgrading Software 3-19

Figure 3-14 Software Upgrade Screen

3 In the Destination ﬁeld, press [Space Bar] until

*Switch 2000 TR* appears. The Destination ﬁeld identiﬁes the device that will

receive the software upgrade.

4 Enter the name of the ﬁle in File Name ﬁeld.

This name identiﬁes the ﬁle that contains the software image to be downloaded. You must place the image ﬁle in a location where it is accessible to the TFTP load request. Check with your system administrator if you are unsure of where to place the image ﬁle.

5 Enter the address of the Server where the image is

stored. The address identiﬁes the host that contains the soft-

ware image.

6 Select OK.

The software download begins. While the download is under way, the MGMT LED ﬂashes green and the

3-20 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

screen locks. When the download completes, the Switch 2000 TR automatically resets and re-boots with the new software image.

7 In the File Name ﬁeld, enter “UNIT # n”.

Where “n” speciﬁes the unit ID of the unit from which the download occurs. In most cases this unit will be the head unit: Unit # 1.

This procedure downloads the software image from “Unit # 1” to all other units in the stack

Upgrading Module Software

The ATM, FDDI, and TR-in-FE Modules have their own software which is upgraded independently of the Switch software. If you own one of these modules, you will need to upgrade the software.

To perform a software upgrade for a module, follow the steps in “Upgrading Software” above, except in Step 3 select ATM Module, FDDI Module, or TR-in-FE Module in the Destination ﬁeld.

For more information regarding these modules, see:

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR ATM OC-3 Module

User Guide (Part Number #99041)

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR FDDI Module User

Guide (Part Number #99048)

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR Token Ring-in-Fast

Ethernet Module User Guide (Part Number #99045)

Resetting the Switch 2000 TR 3-21

Resetting the Switch 2000 TR

This section provides instructions for resetting the Switch 2000 TR.

Because some conﬁgurable parameters require that you reset the Switch 2000 TR after making changes, it is important to understand the reset procedure before proceeding.

You have four different ways to reset the Switch 2000 TR:

■ VT100 Console

■ LCD Console

■ Reset button

■ Power cycle

VT100 Console Reset

The Switch 2000 TR must be reset after making certain changes using the VT100 interface. You may make more than one change before committing them to memory by resetting.

To reset the Switch 2000 TR from the VT100 interface when you have made changes, take these steps:

1 Select RESET from the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu.

The Switch 2000 TR TR Reset screen appears. See Figure 3-15.

2 Select OK to conﬁrm the reset or CANCEL to stop the

reset. If you select OK you will be prompted to conﬁrm again.

The Switch 2000 TR resets.

Figure 3-15 Switch 2000 TR Reset Screen

LCD Console Reset

When you make certain parameter changes using the front panel LCD console, you must commit them to system memory by performing a reset.

To reset the Switch 2000 TR using the LCD, proceed as follows:

1 Press [Up or Down Arrow] until Switch 2000

TR>Reset appears.

2 Press [Enter].

The Conﬁrm RESET? screen appears.

3 Press [Enter] to conﬁrm.

If you decide not to reset at this point you may press [Left Arrow] to cancel and return to the previous screen.

The Switch 2000 TR resets.

3-22 CHAPTER 3: SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Reset Button

The Switch 2000 TR has a reset button on the rear panel of the unit. See Figure 3-16.

To reset the Switch 2000 TR using the Reset button, proceed as follows:

1 Locate the Reset button on the rear panel of the

Switch 2000 TR.

2 Press the switch once.

The Switch 2000 TR resets.

Reset ButtonPower Cord

NOTE: The rear panel Reset button also provides

access to the Emergency Software Download facility. Press switch twice quickly to view. Refer to Appendix A for more information.

Power Cycle Reset

The Switch 2000 TR can also be reset by removing the power cord from the rear panel of the unit.

To reset the Switch 2000 TR by removing the power cord, take these steps:

1 Locate the power cord on the rear panel of the Switch

2000 TR.

2 Remove the power cord from the power socket. 3 Insert the power cord.

The Switch 2000 TR resets.

Figure 3-16 Location of Reset Button and Power Cord on the rear panel of the Switch 2000 TR.

CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

The VT100 console is accessed via the serial console and provides access to all conﬁguration, management, and monitoring facilities.

■ Quick Setup

■ Bridge Conﬁguration

■ Port Conﬁguration

■ Port Bridge Conﬁguration

■ I/O Module Conﬁguration

■ Stack Conﬁguration

■ VLAN Conﬁguration

■ Unit Conﬁguration

■ Administrative Conﬁguration

■ About the Switch Database (SDB)

■ Switch Database Conﬁguration

■ SNMP Trap Conﬁguration

■ Serial Port Conﬁguration

■ Initializing the Switch 2000 TR

Switch

Management

Stack

Unit

Port

VLAN

Bridge

Switch 2000 Main Banner

Switch 2000

Logon

Switch 2000

Main Menu

Statistics Setup

Statistics SDB Setup

Statistics Setup

Setup

Quick

Config

Bridge Config

TR Port

Config

User

Access

Levels

Create Users Delete Users Edit User

Figure 4-1 illustrates the portion of the VT100 interface that pertains to the conﬁguration parameters. For more information on the VT100 interface, refer to Chapter 3.

I/O Module

Statistics Setup

*Switch database view

Figure 4-1 VT100 Conﬁguration Path

4-2 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

Quick Setup

The Quick Setup option provides direct access to the Bridge Setup and TR Port Setup screens.

1 Log on to the Switch 2000 TR.

The Main Menu appears. See Figure 4-2.

Figure 4-2 Main Menu with Quick Setup Highlighted

Figure 4-3 Quick Conﬁg Screen

3 From the Quick Conﬁg screen, select either Bridge

Setup or TR Port Setup. See the “Bridge Conﬁguration” and “Port Conﬁgura-

tion” sections for information about the setup screens.

2 From the Main Menu, select Quick Setup.

The Quick Conﬁg screen appears. See Figure 4-3.

Bridge Conﬁguration 4-3

Bridge Conﬁguration

The bridge conﬁguration section includes information on the following:

■ Source Routing Transparent (SRT)

■ Source Route (SR)

■ Transparent (TP)

■ Spanning Tree Fields

Setting Source Routing Transparent (VT100)

NOTE:This bridge setting requires that you reset the

switch. Refer to “Resetting the Switch 2000 TR in Chapter 3 for instructions.

1 Log on to the Switch 2000 TR. 2 Select Switch Management from the Main Menu. 3 Press [Space Bar] and select *Bridge*. 4 Select SETUP. The TR Bridge Setup screen appears.

5 Select OK. 6 Select *SRT*. Press [Space Bar] to change. 7 Press [Return]. 8 Select *IBM*, *802.1d*, or *disabled* in the Span-

ning Tree Support ﬁeld. A BPDU value is automatically assigned:

■ 802.1d Spanning Tree—80-01-43-00-00-00

■ IBM Spanning Tree—C0-00-00-00-01-00

9 Assign a Bridge Number. Enter in Hex. Choose from 0

to f.

10 Select OK. 11 From the Main Menu, press [Space Bar] until *Port*

appears. Select the proper unit and port ID to conﬁgure.

12 Select SETUP. The TR Port Setup screen appears. See

Figure 4-5.

Figure 4-4 TR Bridge Setup Screen

Figure 4-5 TR Port Setup Screen

4-4 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

13 At the bottom of the TR Port Setup screen, select

BRIDGE. The Port Bridge Setup screen appears. See Figure 4-6.

Figure 4-6 Port Bridge Setup Screen

14 In the Attached LAN ID ﬁeld, enter the LAN ID in hex. 15 From the STE Mode ﬁeld, select *Auto-Span*. 16 Select OK. Repeat for all ports as desired.

Setting Source Route Bridging

1 Log on to the Switch 2000 TR. 2 From the Main Menu, select Switch Management. 3 Press [Space Bar] and select *Bridge*. 4 Select SETUP. The TR Bridge Setup screen appears. 5 In the Bridge Type ﬁeld, select *Source-route only* by

toggling the [Space Bar].

6 In the Spanning Tree Support ﬁeld, select *IBM*. The

BPDU value is automatically assigned: C0-00-00-00-01-00

7 Assign a Bridge Number. Enter in Hex from 0 to F. 8 In the Max Age ﬁeld, type 6.

9 In the Forward Delay ﬁeld, type 4. 10 Select OK. 11 In the TR Management screen, press [Space Bar] until

*Port* appears. Select SETUP. The TR Port Setup screen appears.

12 At the bottom of the TR Port Setup screen, select

BRIDGE. The TR Port Bridge Setup screen appears.

13 In the attached Lan Id ﬁeld, enter a LAN ID in hex

(0-FFF).

NOTE:A value of FFFF indicates an unassigned LAN

ID. Use FFFF if the port is either unused or attached to a transparent-only segment.

14 In the STE Mode ﬁeld, select *Auto-span*. 15 Select OK. Repeat for all ports as desired.

Setting Transparent Bridging

NOTE:This bridge setting requires that you reset the

switch. Refer to “Resetting the Switch 2000 TR in Chapter 3 for instructions.

1 Log on to the Switch 2000 TR.

2 From the Main Menu, select Switch Management.

3 Press [Space Bar] and select *Bridge*. The TR Bridge

Setup screen appears.

4 In the Bridge Type ﬁeld, select *Transparent-only*.

In the Spanning Tree ﬁeld, select *802.1d* to enable

802.1d compliant Spanning Tree for the Switch 2000 TR. The BPDU value is automatically assigned: 80-01-43-00-00-00.

6 Select OK. Repeat for all ports as desired.

Spanning Tree Fields

Spanning Tree is an algorithm designed to eliminate loops in networks. The algorithm detects and logically prohibits redundant paths by placing some bridge ports in the blocking state so that only one route exits between any two LANs and therefore any two stations. After Spanning Tree eliminates redundant paths, the network reconﬁgures and stabilizes. Any time the network topology changes the algorithm automatically re-learns the new conﬁguration and adjusts the bridge ports accordingly. This guarantees that all stations are connected.

Spanning Tree Parameters

The following parameters are components of the Spanning Tree algorithm. These are set to factory defaults.

■ Priority—This setting inﬂuences the choice

between the root bridge and the designated bridge. The bridge with the lowest priority is the one most likely to be used as the root bridge by Spanning Tree.

■ Entry Age—The period of time that must

expire between sends before a MAC address is “aged out” (removed) from the switch data base (transparent bridging table).

Bridge Conﬁguration 4-5

■ Bridge Hello Time—The period of time between

the generation of conﬁguration messages by a root bridge is known as Hello Time.

In networks where the probability of losing conﬁguration messages is high, a short Hello Time is desirable. In networks that are fairly stable, a longer time lowers the overhead of the Spanning Tree algorithm.

■ Bridge Max. Age—Maximum Age determines

the amount of time the current Spanning Tree conﬁguration data is judged too old and discarded from the Switch 2000 TR’s memory. Maximum Age should never be reached in a properly conﬁgured Spanning Tree.

If this value is too small, the Spanning Tree must conﬁgure too frequently. If this setting is too high the network requires more time to adjust to changes in the topology.

■ Forward Delay—The Forward Delay value deter-

mines the amount of time the Switch 2000 TR spends in the “listening “and “learning” states. This prevents the forwarding of data packets until all parts of the topology have been notiﬁed of a change in the topology.

A low value can result in temporary loops as the Spanning Tree reconﬁgures the topology. A setting that is too high forces the network to wait longer for Spanning Tree to reconﬁgure the topology.

NOTE:For more information on Spanning Tree and

bridging concepts refer to Interconnections:Bridges and Routers by Radia Perlman. Addison-Wesley Pub-

4-6 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

Port Conﬁguration

The Port conﬁguration section includes directions for conﬁguring ports of the Switch 2000 TR, including:

■ Admin State

■ VLAN ID

■ Port Personality

■ Internal Priority

■ Congestion Control

■ Token Priority

■ Speed

■ Forwarding Mode

■ Cut-Thru Threshold%

■ Locally Administered Address

■ Broadcast Storm Control

■ Port Bridge Settings

■ Spanning Tree Fields

NOTE:All settings in the Port Setup screens are “live”

settings. They take effect immediately unless otherwise noted.

For more information on the port, refer to “Port Statistics in Chapter 6.

Setting Up Ports

1 Log on to the Switch 2000 TR. 2 Select Switch Management from the Main Menu.

3 Press [Space Bar] and select *Port*.

4 Enter the desired port and unit ID.

5 Select SETUP. The TR Port Setup screen appears.

Figure 4-7 TR Port Setup Screen

Setting the Port Admin. State

Use the Admin. State ﬁeld to enable or disable individual ports.

1 Set this ﬁeld by toggling the [Space Bar].

2 Press [Return].

Setting VLAN ID

The VLAN ID ﬁeld allows you to assign ports to a VLAN (workgroup) which can only communicate with other ports in the same VLAN. You have the ability to assign ports to up to 15 separate VLANS. VLANs are

Port Conﬁguration 4-7

identiﬁed by their VLAN ID. All ports are conﬁgured by default to VLAN 1.

1 Set this ﬁeld by entering the desired VLAN number for

the current port.

2 Press [Return].

Setting Port Personality

Ports 1 through 4 on the Switch 2000 TR can be set to *Adapter* or *Hub*. In “adapter” mode, the port can connect to a token ring hub such as a SuperStack II Hub TR. In “hub” mode, the port acts like a hub port and can support a directly-connected workstation or server. Ports 5 through 12 support “adapter” mode only.

An external adapter cable can be used to directly attach workstations to ports 5 through12.

1 Set this ﬁeld by toggling the [Space Bar] to your

choice.

2 Press [Return].

Setting Port Priorities

Switch 2000 TR has two ﬁelds for setting priority:

■ Internal Priority—The Internal Priority ﬁeld allows

you to distribute the available bandwidth among the ports. High-priority ports are given priority access to internal resources, taking priority over Normal priority ports. Settings are High or Normal.

■ Token Priority—The Token Priority ﬁeld deter-

mines the priority of a token ring port on the Switch 2000 TR when transmitting to a segment.

For example: In Normal-priority a token level of 4 is reserved and all packets are transmitted with a token priority of 4 or higher, if necessary. In High-priority mode, a token level of 6 is reserved and all packets are transmitted with a token priority of 6 or higher, if necessary.

If Token Priority is disabled on a port, then packets are transmitted from that port with the priority token that is available at the time. Token Priority is turned off if disabled.

1 Set this ﬁeld by toggling the [Space Bar]. 2 Press [Return].

Setting Congestion Control

Congestion Control provides a method for determining how the Switch 2000 TR reacts in high-trafﬁc load scenarios. Rather than discarding packets, this unique feature allows you to control the ﬂow of trafﬁc by assigning alternate methods for trafﬁc handling. Choices:

■ Flow Control—Flow Control allows you to elimi-

nate frame loss by buffering excess frames at the end station where space is available until the Switch 2000 TR’s buffers are free. Once the buffers on the Switch 2000 TR are free, the end station’s buffers are emptied to the Switch 2000 TR and packet loss is eliminated.

■ Non-blocking—Non-blocking is the factory

default state. In this mode frames are forwarded to available destination rings. This occurs even if a frame has been buffered due to a busy or down

4-8 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

ring ahead in the queue. The frame that has been buffered for the busy or down queue is discarded so that deliverable packets can proceed.

■ Disabled—In the disabled mode, neither Flow

Control or Non-blocking are in use.

1 Set this ﬁeld to one of the aforementioned ﬁelds by

toggling the [Space Bar].

2 Press [Return].

Setting Port Speed

Speed sets the data rate of ports. Choices:

■ 16 Mbps (default)

■ 4 Mbps

1 Set this ﬁeld by toggling the [Space Bar]. 2 Press [Return].

Setting Forwarding Mode

Set the forwarding mode for individual ports using this ﬁeld. Choices:

■ Store & Forward—In this mode, packets are

received and buffered (stored) in their entirety until they are forwarded. Errored frames will not be forwarded on the source ring. Although this guarantees packet stability, it also involves a transit delay.

■ Cut-thru—Cut-thru avoids the transit delay found

in standard store-and-forward methods. Cut-thru can only be applied between ports that are operating at the same wire speed or from a high-speed port to a low-speed port.

■ Dynamic Cut-thru—Dynamic Cut-thru monitors

the error rates on the port. If a user-deﬁned threshold is exceeded, the switch port changes to store-and-forward until the error rate reduces. Once the error rate is reduced, the switch returns to cut-thru mode.

1 Set this ﬁeld by toggling the [Space Bar].

2 Press [Return].

Dynamic Cut-Thru Threshold%

The Dynamic Cut-Thru Threshold% ﬁeld allows you to view the forwarding mode threshold percentage, which determines the degree to which errored packets are allowed to pass before the Switch 2000 TR reverts to Store & Forward mode. These thresholds apply only when the Switch 2000 TR is conﬁgured in Dynamic Cut-thru mode. The two threshold ﬁelds are:

■ Rising Threshold—When this threshold is

exceeded, the Switch 2000 TR reverts to Store&Forward mode.

■ Falling Threshold—When this threshold is

crossed, the Switch 2000 TR reverts to Cut-thru mode.

Setting the Locally Admin. Address

The Locally Administered Address ﬁeld allows you to assign individual MAC addresses to each port. This feature is useful for identifying speciﬁc ports by their addresses.

Port Conﬁguration 4-9

To set a Locally Administered Address, take these steps in the Locally Admin. ﬁeld:

1 Enter address in hexadecimal.

This should be between 400000 000000 and 7FFFFF FFFFFF.

2 Press [OK]. 3 Reset the Switch 2000 TR.

NOTE:The Locally Administered address will not be

valid until the Switch 2000 TR is reset. Refer to “Resetting the Switch 2000 TR in Chapter 3 for instructions on resetting.

To reverse the Locally Administered address and revert to the resident MAC address enter all zeros and reset the Switch 2000 TR.

Setting Broadcast Storm Control

The Switch 2000 TR automatically creates an alarm on each of its ports for monitoring broadcast levels if an alarm is set. This ﬁeld allows you to set broadcast threshold levels on each port. You can also set the threshold action per port. Thresholds are calculated using a moving 20 second window.

Rising Threshold%

The Rising threshold percentage setting determines the amount of broadcast trafﬁc that will be allowed before an alarm is sent. The default setting is 60%.

Falling Threshold%

The Falling threshold percentage setting determines the level at which the broadcast threshold will be reset. This setting prevents the rising threshold events from being triggered continuously. Events are only enabled after the Falling Threshold is met. The default setting is 50%.

1 Set the threshold ﬁelds by entering a number

between 0 and 99.

2 Press [Return].

Rising Action

Use this ﬁeld to set alarm action for the rising threshold. You have the following choices:

■ None—No action

■ Event—Event generated for SNMP

■ Blip—Port disabled, then enabled after 5 seconds

■ Event+blip—Port disabled, then enabled after 5

seconds and event generated

Falling Action

Use this ﬁeld to set the action for the falling threshold. Choices:

■ None—No action. Default

■ Event—Event generated

1 Set the action ﬁelds by toggling [Space Bar] to the

desired threshold actions.

2 Press [Return].

4-10 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

Port Bridge Conﬁguration

Set the Spanning Tree and Source Routing ﬁelds for the Port using the Bridge selection, located at the bottom of the Port Setup screen. Choices are:

■ Priority

■ Path Cost

■ Attached LAN ID

■ Max. Route-Desc

■ STE Mode

From the Port Setup screen, perform these steps.

1 Select *Bridge* from the lower portion of the Port

Setup screen. The Switch 2000 TR Port Bridge Setup screen

appears. See Figure 4-8.

Figure 4-8 Switch 2000 TR Port Bridge Setup Screen

2 Set Spanning Tree parameters as follows:

■ Priority—Port priority determines the choice of

port when the Switch 2000 TR has two ports connected to the same LAN, creating a loop.

The port with the lowest value has the highest priority and is deleted by Spanning Tree ﬁrst.

■ Path Cost—Path cost determines the amount of

overhead required to forward packets to the root through this port.

The higher the path cost, the less likely Spanning Tree will use a port for forwarding. The lower the cost, the more likely Spanning Tree will use a port for routing.

3 Set the Source Routing parameters by toggling the

[Space Bar] as follows:

■ Attached LAN ID—A unique number that identi-

ﬁes the segment to which port is connected. This value can be set between 0 and FFF (0-4095). A value of FFFF (65535) indicates that no segment number has been assigned to this port.

■ Max. Route-Desc—This value describes the

number of routing descriptions allowed in All Route Explorer (ARE) or Spanning Tree Explorer (STE) frames. This is also referred to as “hop count” limit since it limits the number of rings a packet can traverse.

■ STE Mode—This value determines how this port

responds when presented with Spanning Tree Explorer (STE) packets. Set ﬁelds accordingly by toggling the [Space Bar].

■ Disabled—Indicates that the port will not

accept or propagate STE packets and any packets received will be discarded.

I/O Module Conﬁguration 4-11

■ Forced— Indicates that the port will always

accept and propagate STE packets.

■ Auto-Span—Indicates that the port will accept

and propagate STE packets when its Spanning Tree state is forwarding.

NOTE:Spanning Tree does not have to be enabled for

this to function correctly.

4 Select OK to save changes.

I/O Module Conﬁguration

I/O Module conﬁguration allows you to set up for the following module options:

■ FDDI

■ ATM

■ TR-in-FE

For detailed information on conﬁguring your module option, see their respective manuals:

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR ATM OC-3 Module

User Guide

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR FDDI Module User

Guide

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR TR-in-FE Module

User Guide

Stack Conﬁguration

Stack conﬁguration allows you to set these stack attributes:

■ sysName

■ BootP Client

NOTE:All settings in the Stack Setup screens are

“live” settings. They take effect immediately.

For more information on the stack, refer to “Stack Status in Chapter 6.

Setting Up the Stack

1 Log on to the Switch 2000 TR. 2 Select Switch Management from the Main Menu. 3 Press [Space Bar] and select *Stack*. 4 Select SETUP. The TR Stack Setup screen appears. See

Figure 4-9.

Figure 4-9 TR Stack Setup Screen

4-12 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

Setting sysName

The sysName ﬁeld allows you to assign an identifying name to the stack. This name is displayed on the top level form.

1 Enter any combination of up to 30 alpha or numeric

characters as an identiﬁer. Spaces are allowed.

2 Select OK.

BOOTP Client

If BOOTP Client is enabled and you have a BootP server on your network, an IP address will be assigned automatically to the Switch 2000 TR at power up.

Figure 4-10 VLAN Setup Screen

VLAN Conﬁguration

The VLAN Setup screen allows you to:

■ Assign ports to VLANs, if those ports use Port

VLAN Mode

■ Deﬁne a backbone port for each VLAN

■ View VLAN setup information for the Switch

To access the VLAN Setup screen:

1 From the VT100 Main Menu, select SWITCH MAN-

AGEMENT. The Switch Management screen appears.

2 In the Management Level ﬁeld, choose VLAN. 3 Choose the SETUP button. The VLAN Setup screen

appears as shown in Figure 4-10.

The screen shows a listbox containing three ﬁelds:

■ Port—This ﬁeld allows you to select the ID of the

port that you want to set up.

■ Type—This ﬁeld displays information about the

setup of the port:

■ Bp—The port is a Backbone port for the

VLAN(s) speciﬁed in the VLAN Membership ﬁeld.

A backbone port is used to connect each VLAN to the backbone of your network, and has the following attributes:

Addresses received on the port are not stored in the Switch Database.

Frames with unknown addresses received by the Switch are forwarded to the port.

VLAN Conﬁguration 4-13

■ ATM—The port is an ATM OC-3c Module port.

For more information, see the SuperStack II

Switch ATM OC-3c Module User Guide.

■ VLAN Membership—This ﬁeld displays the ID of

the VLAN(s) to which the port belongs.

■ Port ID—This ﬁeld displays the ID of the port

currently selected in the listbox.

■ VLAN ID—This ﬁeld allows you to enter the ID

of the VLAN to which the port is assigned. All ports by default belong to VLAN 1.

Backbone Port—If the port speciﬁed in the Port ID ﬁeld uses Port VLAN Mode, this ﬁeld allows you to specify whether the port is a backbone port. Any port in a VLAN can be designated as the backbone port for that VLAN, but you can only have one backbone port per VLAN. By default, all ports belong to the Default VLAN (VLAN 1). Because of this, an unconﬁgured Switch unit can only have one backbone port.

If you specify that an ATM OC-3c Module port is a backbone port, the port becomes a backbone port for all the VLANs on which it is active. It cannot be the backbone port for one VLAN and a standard port for another.

NOTE: If you ﬁt a Plug-in Module into a Switch with

no speciﬁed backbone ports, the Module automatically becomes the backbone port for the Default VLAN when you power up or initialize the Switch. If a Switch has no Plug-in Module, the high speed cascade interface becomes the backbone port for the Default VLAN when you power up or initialize the Switch.

APPLY—This button applies any changes to the VLAN database.

VLAN LEC Setup—If the port is an ATM OC-3c Module port, this button allows you access the VLAN LEC Setup screen for extending your VLANs into an ATM network. For more information, see the Super-

Stack II Switch ATM OC-3c Module User Guide.

Assigning a Port to a VLAN

1 In the Port ID ﬁeld, type the ID of the required port. 2 In the VLAN ID ﬁeld, type the ID of the required

VLAN.

3 Select APPLY.

CAUTION: Initially, all Switch ports belong to the Default VLAN (VLAN 1). This VLAN is the only VLAN which allows an SNMP Network Manager to access the management agent of the unit. If you remove all ports from VLAN 1, then an SNMP Network Manager cannot manage the Switch.

Specifying a Backbone Port

1 In the Port ID ﬁeld, type the ID of the required port. 2 In the VLAN ID ﬁeld, type the ID of the required

VLAN.

3 In the Select Port Type ﬁeld, select Backbone Port. 4 Select APPLY.

4-14 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

Unit Conﬁguration

Unit conﬁguration allows you to view these unit parameters:

■ Unit ID

■ Unit Name

■ Port Capacity

■ Option Slot

■ Power Supply

For more information on the unit, refer to “Unit Statistics in Chapter 6.

Setting Up the Unit

1 Log on to the Switch 2000 TR. 2 Select Switch Management from the Main Menu. 3 Press [Space Bar] and select *Unit*. 4 Enter the ID of the unit you wish to set up. 5 Select SETUP. The TR Unit Setup screen appears. See

Figure 4-11.

Unit ID

The Unit ID identiﬁes the number of the unit for purposes of network management. If you are managing the Switch 2000 TR using Transcend Enterprise Manager, this ID allows you to identify the unit in a stack. Unit number 1 appears at the bottom of the stack. Unit number 6 appears at the top of the stack.

Figure 4-11 TR Unit Setup Screen

Unit Name

Unit Name identiﬁes the type of unit.

For example: Switch 2000 TR

Port Capacity

Indicates the number of ports on a unit.

Option Slot

Identiﬁes any module options activated within the unit.

Power Supply

Identiﬁes the power source as follows:

■ Internal—Through the internal power supply of

the Switch 2000 TR.

■ External—Through a Redundant Power System

(RPS).

Administrative Conﬁguration 4-15

Power On Self Test

Use this ﬁeld to specify the type of self-test to run at start-up:

■ Normal—A 10 second test that veriﬁes the Switch

2000 TR’s basic functions.

■ Extended—A more comprehensive test that lasts

up to 300 seconds.

Roving Analysis

Use the following ﬁelds to set up the Roving Analysis function:

■ Administrative State—Allows you to *enable*

or *disable* the Roving Analysis function of port 1 of the Switch 2000 TR. When this ﬁeld is enabled, port 1 of the Switch 2000 TR can be connected to a LAN analyzer. Roving Analysis is disabled by default.

■ Analyzer on Port—Indicates that Port 1 is the

analyzer port. This ﬁeld cannot be changed.

■ Port 1 Attached to Port—Use to select the port

you wish to analyze. Choose from ports 2 through

12.

NOTE: The speed of the Roving Analysis Port must

match the speed of the port you are roving into. Port 1 returns to its original state after the Roving Analysis has been disabled.

Administrative Conﬁguration

This section provides information on the Administrative settings for the Switch 2000 TR.

1 Log on and select USER ACCESS LEVELS from the

Main Menu. The TR User Access Levels menu appears.

See Figure 4-12.

Figure 4-12 TR User Access Levels Screen

The User Access Levels menu allows you to control access to the Switch 2000 TR. Choices:

■ LOCAL SECURITY—Allows you to view the secu-

rity for access methods, including serial port, remote Telnet, and Community-SNMP.

■ CREATE USER—Allows you to add as many as ten

new users.

■ DELETE USERS—Allows you to delete any user

except the default users.

4-16 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

■ EDIT USER—Allows you to change your password

and community. You cannot change other passwords or community strings.

2 Select the menu item you want and see the appropri-

ate description and instructions on the following pages.

Setting Local Security

The TR Local Security screen displays a matrix of access options for security levels. Choices:

■ Monitor—Allows read-only access to a restricted

set of manageable parameters.

■ Secure Monitor—Allows read-only access to all

manageable parameters.

■ Manager—Allows read and write access to opera-

tional parameters of the Switch 2000 TR, but not special or security features.

■ Specialist—Allows access to most manageable

parameters except security features.

■ Security —Allows access to all manageable

parameters.

From the TR USER ACCESS LEVELS screen, take these steps:

1 Select LOCAL SECURITY

The Local Security screen appears. See Figure 4-13.

Figure 4-13 TR Local Security Screen

2 Fill in the ﬁelds according to these descriptions:

■ Serial Port—Allows or prevents access to the

management facilities via the serial port. You can enable or disable access for each of the security levels, including, Monitor, Secure Monitor, Manager, Specialist.

For security reasons, the serial port access for security level is enabled by default and cannot be changed.

■ Remote Telnet—Allows or prevents access to the

management facilities via the TCP/IP Telnet protocol. Because Telnet has no provision for security and provides access to everyone, you can disable it if your network has important or sensitive data.

■ Community-SNMP—Allows or prevents access to

the management facilities via SNMP using a remote network management application. Although SNMP has limited security features, it is an unsecured protocol. You can disable SNMP access if your network has important or sensitive data.

Select OK when you are ﬁnished ﬁlling in the ﬁelds.

Creating New Users

Follow these steps to create new users and assign access levels to the Switch 2000 TR.

From the TR USER ACCESS LEVELS screen:

1 Select CREATE USER.

The TR Create User screen appears. See Figure 4-14.

Figure 4-14 TR Create User Screen

2 Fill in the name and password ﬁelds according to

these descriptions and your network needs. Press [Return] after ﬁlling in each ﬁeld.

■ User Name—Enter a name for the new user using

no more than 10 characters. This ﬁeld is case sensitive.

■ Password—Allows you to enter the password for

the new user. Passwords can contain up to 10

Administrative Conﬁguration 4-17

characters and are case-sensitive. Passwords are not displayed on screen.

3 Assign access levels according to these descriptions

and your network needs. Toggle the [Space Bar] to view the levels.

■ Access Level—Allows you to assign access level

for new user as follows:

■ Monitor

■ Secure monitor

■ Manager

■ Specialist

■ Security

4 Press [Return] after assigning a level.

■ Community String—Assign a community string

using any text string of 32 characters or less. The community string is only needed for SNMP access. If you are using a remote SNMP network manager, the community string speciﬁed in the network manager’s database must be the same as that for the device. The user name is the default.

5 Select OK when you are ﬁnished ﬁlling in the ﬁelds.

Deleting Users

The following steps allow you to delete users from the Switch 2000 TR database. From the TR USER ACCESS LEVELS screen, take these steps:

1 Select DELETE USER.

The Delete Users screen appears. See Figure 4-15.

4-18 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

2 Scroll using the [Down Arrow] until you highlight the

user you want to delete. You cannot delete default users or the current user (that is, yourself).

Figure 4-15 Delete User Screen

3 Press [Return] to delete user.

An asterisk appears next to the name you have chosen to delete.

4 Select DELETE USERS to delete the user from the User

list.

■ User Name—This read-only ﬁeld displays the

name of the user. This ﬁeld cannot be changed using this screen. To change the name of the user, delete the user and create a new name.

■ Old Password—Enter the old password for this

user.

■ New Password—Enter the new password for this

user.

■ Conﬁrm Password—Re-enter the new password

for veriﬁcation.

■ Community String—Enter a new community

string.

Editing Users and Changing Passwords

You can edit information about existing users in the Switch 2000 TR database. From the TR USER ACCESS LEVELS screen, take these steps:

1 Select EDIT USER.

The TR Change User screen appears. See Figure 4-16.

2 Fill in ﬁelds you wish to edit, including:

Figure 4-16 TR Change User Screen

3 Select OK when you have completed the changes.

NOTE:If you forget your password while logged into

the Switch 2000 TR, contact your local technical support representative for the next step.

About the Switch Database (SDB) 4-19

About the Switch Database (SDB)

The Switch 2000 TR supports a database of transparent addresses received on its local ports. Using this information, the Switch 2000 TR determines whether a transparent frame should be forwarded or ﬁltered. The database holds a maximum of 2000 entries, each of which includes the MAC address and an identiﬁer for the port on which it was received.

The Switch 2000 TR Unit Database View allows you to set up, maintain, and view the Switch 2000 TR database.

SNMP Traps report the database status as follows:

■ Database 90% full

■ Database 100% full

These traps indicate that the maximum number of users has been or is about to be met. When the maximum number has been met, you cannot add any more users to the database until some are removed. This limitation does not apply to users connected to the remainder of the network.

Database Entries

The Switch 2000 TR database has two types of entries:

■ Aging Entries—Initially, all entries in the database

are the aging type. As trafﬁc moves through the Switch 2000 TR, device addresses are learned and stored. Entries are removed (aged out) if the device has not transmitted any packets for a set period of

time (aging time). This practice prevents the database from ﬁlling with obsolete entries. When a device is removed from the network, its entry is deleted from the database. Using an SNMP-based management application or the VT100 console (serial port or Telnet session), you can set the aging time (set in seconds) with a default of 5 minutes. Aging entries are deleted if the Switch 2000 TR is reset or turned off.

■ Permanent Entries—Permanent entries are

retained in the database even when the Switch 2000 TR is reset or powered down. Addresses are made permanent by a system administrator via a network manager application and the switch database. Refer to “Switch Database Conﬁguration” for more information.

Database Entry Methods

Entries to the database happen in two ways:

■ The Switch 2000 TR can learn up to 2000

addresses. Addresses include the source MAC address and the port identiﬁer of the port on which the source MAC address is seen. Addresses are not learned on the designated downlink.

■ The system administrator can enter and update

entries using an SNMP MIB browser, a network manager application, or the Switch 2000 TR database screen. Refer to “Switch Database Conﬁguration” for more information.

4-20 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

Switch Database Conﬁguration

The Switch 2000 TR Unit Database View screen allows you to set up, maintain, and view the database. The Switching Database is distributed across the units in a stack. You need to choose a unit before you can observe the addresses learned by that unit. Choices:

■ Adding entries to the database

■ Deleting entries from the database

■ Locating entries in the database

Select SDB at the bottom of the Unit Management screen to access the database. See the highlighted ﬁeld in Figure 4-17.

Figure 4-17 TR Management Screen

The Unit Database View appears. Refer to Figure 4-18 and the ﬁeld descriptions.

Figure 4-18 Switch 2000 TR Unit Database View Screen

When ﬁrst powered up, the database appears empty. As addresses are learned or added, they appear in the scrolling list box.

■ Port/MAC Address—Scrollable list box displays

the current entries for each of the ports, except the downlink.

■ Database Entries—Read-only ﬁeld displays the

number of entries in the database. The database holds up to 2000 addresses.

■ MAC Address—Field displays the MAC address of

a device highlighted in the scrollable list box. Press [Return] to view after you highlight an address.

■ Port Number—Displays the Port Number of a

device highlighted in the scrollable list box. Press [Return] to view after you highlight an address.

■ FIND—Command allows you to locate any address

entry in the database.

SNMP Trap Conﬁguration 4-21

■ REFRESH—Command allows you to refresh the

database and display the latest address entries.

■ INSERT—Command allows you to add an entry to

the database.

■ DELETE—Command allows you to remove an

entry from the database.

Adding Entries to the Database

From the Unit Database View screen, take these steps:

1 Enter the MAC address of the device you want to add

in the MAC Address ﬁeld.

2 Enter the Port identiﬁer of the device you want to add

in the Port ﬁeld.

3 Select INSERT.

Addresses entered using this method are permanent, that is, they do not age out.

4 Press [Left Arrow] to move to a different port number.

Deleting Entries from the Database

From the Unit Database View screen, take these steps:

1 Highlight the device address you wish to remove and

press [Return], or enter the address you wish to remove in the MAC address ﬁeld.

2 Select DELETE. 3 Press [Left Arrow] to move to a different port number.

Finding Entries in the Database

From the Unit Database View screen, proceed as follows:

1 Enter the MAC address of the device you wish to ﬁnd

in the MAC Address ﬁeld.

2 Select FIND.

The entry appears highlighted in the list box.

SNMP Trap Conﬁguration

The Switch 2000 TR uses the SNMP protocol to communicate across networks. Traps are messages sent to an SNMP management application. Typical messages include fault and change information.

Many SNMP network management applications have traps that are set automatically. Check the application documentation.

To access the Traps Setup screen, take these steps from the Switch 2000 TR Management Setup menu:

1 Select SETUP TRAPS from the bottom of the TR Man-

agement Setup screen. The TR Trap Setup screen appears, as shown in

Figure 4-19.

4-22 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

Serial Port Conﬁguration

The VT100 interface provides a screen for setting the parameters of the serial port of the Switch 2000 TR. The serial port provides out-of-band communications with the Switch 2000 TR for purposes of local conﬁguration and communication.

To view the Switch 2000 TR Serial Port Setup screen, proceed as follows, from the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu banner.

Figure 4-19 TR Trap Setup Screen

The TR Trap Setup screen has these ﬁelds:

■ IP Address—Enter the network address of the

remote network management station to which traps are to be sent.

■ Community String—Enter a 32-character text

string for authenticating SNMP communication between the Switch 2000 TR and a remote network manager. The network manager and the Switch 2000 TR must be conﬁgured with the same string.

The default community string is public.

■ Throttle—Prevents a remote network manager

from receiving too many traps at the same time. You can conﬁgure the Switch 2000 TR to transmit traps within a speciﬁc delay time period known as a throttle. The unit of throttle is one thousandth of a second. The default value is 100, which provides a delay of one-tenth of a second between each transmission.

1 Select Management Setup.

The Management Setup screen appears.

2 Select SERIAL PORT.

The Serial Port Setup screen appears. See Figure 4-20.

Figure 4-20 Switch 2000 TR Serial Port Setup Screen

NOTE:If you change any of the serial port parame-

ters, you will terminate any existing sessions that are using the serial port. Be sure that the connecting ter-

Serial Port Conﬁguration 4-23

minal’s serial port parameters match those on the Switch 2000 TR. This allows you to continue to access the management facility from the equipment after you change the serial port parameters.

The Serial Port Setup screen displays the following:

Connection Type

Local/remote Select Remote if you wish to manage the Switch 2000 TR using a modem; DCD Control and DSR Control will be enabled. For all other cases this should remain at Local.

DCD Control

Enabled/Disabled This ﬁeld applies to local connection types. This determines if DCD needs to be asserted for remote connection and if the connection requires that DCD be released. Refer to your terminal or modem documentation for more information.

DSR Control

Enabled/Disabled This ﬁeld applies only to local connection types. This determines if DSR needs to be asserted for remote connection and if the connection requires that DSR be released. Refer to your terminal or modem documentation for more information.

Flow Control

modem. Refer to your terminal or modem documentation for more information.

Auto Conﬁg

Enabled/Disabled The Switch 2000 TR can auto-conﬁgure the line speed (baud) to work with your VT100-compatible terminal.

Speed

1200/2400/9600/19200 Select the correct line speed (baud) for your terminal or modem.

Char Size

8 Displays the character bit size for the Switch 2000 TR. You should set your terminal to the same value.

Parity

NONE Displays the parity setting for the Switch 2000 TR. You should conﬁgure your terminal to the same setting.

Stop Bit

1 Displays the Stop Bit setting for the Switch 2000 TR. You should conﬁgure your terminal to the same setting.

XON/XOFF/NONE/RTS-CTS Unidirectional/RTS-CTS Bidirectional Select the

correct ﬂow control option for your terminal or

4-24 CHAPTER 4: CONFIGURING WITH THE VT100 INTERFACE

Initializing the Switch 2000 TR

The Switch 2000 TR VT100 interface allows you to initialize the nonvolatile memory on the unit and return to the factory defaults. Be aware that all conﬁguration parameters, database entries, and setting will be erased and returned to the original factory-set defaults.

You should only initialize the Switch 2000 TR if:

■ The current conﬁguration scheme no longer suits

your network.

■ All other attempts to solve problems have not suc-

ceeded.

From the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu, proceed as follows:

1 Select INITIALIZE from the Main Menu.

The Initialization screen appears. See Figure 4-21.

2 Select OK if you wish to initialize

3 Conﬁrm operation by pressing [Enter].

Switch 2000 TR resets.

Refer to “Device Defaults in Chapter 2 for default information and parameters.

Figure 4-21 Switch 2000 TR Initialization Screen

CONFIGURING WITH THE LCD CONSOLE

This chapter describes the Switch 2000 TR LCD Console management facilities and provides procedures for conﬁguring and managing the device. This console is accessed from the front panel and provides access to most conﬁguration, management, and monitoring facilities. This chapter assumes you have prepared the Switch 2000 TR for management.

■ Unit Conﬁguration

■ Bridge Conﬁguration

■ Port Conﬁguration

■ I/O Module Conﬁguration

For more information on the LCD Console, refer to “LCD Status in Chapter 6 and “Setting Up the LCD Console in Chapter 3.

Unit Conﬁguration

The most important task of setting up the Switch 2000 TR is assigning a Unit ID number to the individual units. When installed as members of a stack, up to 6 Switch 2000 TRs form the equivalent of a switching chassis, managed using the same IP address. All trafﬁc, management, monitoring, and conﬁguration tasks and inquiries operate through the high-speed cascade located at the rear of each unit. The Unit ID number represents the position of the Switch 2000 TR in a stack. Each Switch 2000 TR must be assigned a unique Unit ID number. The LCD Console provides the best method for this task.

To set the Unit ID number, proceed as follows from the Switch 2000 TR>Unit banner:

1 Press [Enter] twice. 2 Using the [Up or Down Arrows], set the Unit ID to #1.

NOTE: If the unit you are conﬁguring is to be the

head unit, it must be the lowest number in the stack.

3 Press [Enter] to accept (save) the Unit ID #. 4 Press the [Left Arrow] to return to the Switch 2000 TR

>Unit screen and complete the remaining LCD conﬁguration tasks as described in this section or use the VT100 console as described in Chapter 4.

5-2 CHAPTER 5: CONFIGURING WITH THE LCD CONSOLE

Bridge Conﬁguration

Bridge settings can be made using the LCD console. If you have made settings using the VT100 interface, those settings will be reﬂected in the LCD console. Refer to Chapter 3 for more information on navigating the LCD console.

Although many of the steps in the following procedure are similar, be aware that the settings will vary depending on the bridging environment you choose. Refer to Chapter 1 for more information on the types of bridging supported by the Switch 2000 TR.

NOTE: Some bridge settings (Spanning Tree) will not

take effect until the Switch 2000 TR is reset. Refer to “Resetting the Switch 2000 TR in Chapter 3 for instructions on resetting the Switch 2000 TR.

From the Switch 2000 TR LCD banner, proceed as follows:

1 Press [Enter].

Switch 2000 TR >Unit Id appears.

2 Press [Down Arrow] until Switch 2000 TR >Bridge

appears.

3 Press [Enter].

BRIDGE >Bridge Type appears.

4 Press [Enter].

Bridge Type:<SRT> appears.

5 Press [Down Arrow] to select bridge type. Choose

from:

■ SRT (Source Route Transparent)

■ Transparent Bridging

■ Source Route

6 Press [Enter] to select appropriate bridge type.

BRIDGE >Bridge Type appears.

7 Press [Down Arrow].

BRIDGE >Spanning Tree appears.

8 Press [Enter].

Spanning Tree: <802.1d> appears.

9 Press [Down Arrow] to select Spanning Tree type.

Choices:

■ 802.1d—IEEE 802.1d standard. This setting is typi-

cally used for Transparent bridging or Source Route Transparent.

■ IBM—IBM Spanning Tree standard. This setting is

typically used in Source Routing environments.

■ Disabled—No Spanning Tree support.

10 Press [Enter]. 11 Press [Left Arrow] to return to the higher-level screens

in the LCD console.

Port Conﬁguration 5-3

Port Conﬁguration

Port parameters can also be set from the LCD console on the Switch 2000 TR front panel. If you have made settings using the VT100 interface, those settings will be reﬂected in the LCD console. Refer to Chapter 3 for more information on navigating the LCD console and the LCD console map.

The screens are circular, meaning that you can access them by scrolling either up or down. For the sake of simplicity, these instructions use only the Down Arrow to move through the screens.

You can set these parameters using the LCD console:

■ Port ID

■ Link State

■ Port State

■ Speed Mode

■ Personality

Refer to the LCD Console menu map (Figure 3-9) for more information.

Setting Port ID

From the Switch 2000 TR>Unit Id # LCD banner, proceed as follows:

1 Press [Enter].

Switch 2000 TR >Unit appears.

2 Press [Down Arrow] until Switch 2000 TR >Port

appears.

3 Press Enter.

Port >Port ID appears with the port number. Initially the port number shows Port 1.

4 Press [Enter]. 5 Use the [Up or Down Arrow] to scroll the ports and

select the port you wish to conﬁgure.

6 Press [Enter] to select the port.

Port >Port ID appears, and the port number reﬂects the port number you chose in step 5.

Viewing Link State

Link State reﬂects the current state of the port and cannot be changed. Refer to “Port Statistics in Chapter 6 for deﬁnitions of the states.

Port ID

Switch 2000 TR

ENTER

> Port

Figure 5-1 LCD Console Port Menu

Personality Speed Port State Link State

ENTER

Port ID Personality Speed Port State Link State

Link State

From the Switch 2000 TR>Unit Id # LCD banner, proceed as follows:

1 Press [Enter].

Switch 2000 TR >Unit appears.

2 Press [Down Arrow] until Switch 2000 TR >Port

appears.

3 Press Enter.

5-4 CHAPTER 5: CONFIGURING WITH THE LCD CONSOLE

4 Press [Down Arrow] until Port # >Link State appears. 5 Press [Enter].

Link State # >[state] appears. The Link State identiﬁes the current state of the port

you are viewing.

■ Disabled

■ Blocking

■ Listening

■ Learning

■ Forwarding

■ Broken

This read-only ﬁeld cannot be changed.

6 Press [Left Arrow] to return to previous menu.

Setting Port State

From the Switch 2000 TR>Unit Id # LCD banner, proceed as follows:

1 Press [Enter].

Switch 2000 TR >Unit appears.

2 Press [Down Arrow] until Switch 2000 TR >Port

appears.

3 Press [Enter]. 4 Press [Down Arrow] until Port # >Port State appears. 5 Press [Enter].

Port State # >[state] appears.

The Port State identiﬁes the current state of the port you are viewing.

6 Press [Down Arrow] to select the state. Choices:

■ Enable

■ Disable

7 Press [Enter] to conﬁrm the state.

If you select Disable, the LED for the corresponding port lights yellow to show the current state.

Setting Speed

From the Switch 2000 TR>Unit Id # LCD banner, proceed as follows:

1 Press [Enter].

Switch 2000 TR >Unit appears.

2 Press [Down Arrow] until Switch 2000 TR >Port

appears.

3 Press [Enter].

4 Press [Down Arrow] until Port # >Speed appears.

5 Press [Enter].

Speed # [speed] appears. Press [Down Arrow] to select speed. Choices:

■ 16 MB

■ 4 MB

6 Press [Enter] to conﬁrm the speed setting.

7 Press [Left Arrow] to return to the previous menu.

I/O Module Conﬁguration 5-5

Setting Port Personality

Ports 1 through 4 can each be conﬁgured as either “Hub Port” or “Adapter Port.” The Adapter mode is the default for these ports. Ports 5 through 12 can only be set as “Adapter Port.” Refer to “SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR Front Panel RJ-45 Ports in Chapter 1 for more information.

From the Switch 2000 TR>Unit Id # LCD banner, proceed as follows:

1 Press [Enter].

Switch 2000 TR >Unit appears.

2 Press [Down Arrow] until Switch 2000 TR >Port

appears.

3 Press [Enter]. 4 Press [Down Arrow] until Port # >Personality appears. 5 Press [Enter]. 6 Press [Down Arrow] to select the state. Choices on

ports 1 through 4 only:

■ Adapter—Ports on the Switch 2000 TR are

designed to act as adapters and therefore, attempt to join a ring according to Token Ring speciﬁcations. In this mode the Switch 2000 TR must be connected to a Token Ring hub or MAU.

■ Hub—The Switch 2000 TR can also act like a

Token Ring hub port and provides a direct station attachment on ports 1 through 4. This feature is especially useful for direct attachment of servers.

personality of ports 5 through 12, you will be warned that your selection is invalid.

7 Press [Enter] to conﬁrm the personality on the port.

I/O Module Conﬁguration

The console provides a quick method for viewing information regarding the FDDI, ATM, and TR-in-FE optional modules. Refer to Chapter 3 for more information on navigating the LCD console.

You can display the following using the LCD console:

■ Module Type

■ Module State

■ Hardware Version #

■ Software Version #

■ Boot Software Version #

To view I/O module status, proceed as follows from the top LCD menu, which displays the Switch 2000 TR banner. See Figure 5-2.

NOTE: Ports 5 through 12 are permanent Adapter

ports and cannot be changed. If you try to change the

5-6 CHAPTER 5: CONFIGURING WITH THE LCD CONSOLE

Module Type

Switch 2000 TR

ENTER

> I/O Module

Figure 5-2 I/O Module LCD Menus

Module State HW Version SW Version Boot SW Ver

1 To view the next level, press [Enter]. 2 Press the [Down Arrow] until Switch 2000 TR >

Module appears.

3 Press [Enter]. STATUS > Module Type appears. 4 Press [Down Arrow] to scroll down through the I/O

Module menus.

5 Press [Enter] at any one of the following ﬁelds to view

the information described below. Press [Down Arrow] to move through the circular menus.

■ Module Type—One of three module types:

■ FDDI

■ ATM

■ TR-in-FE

■ Module State—The current status of the module

(UP or DOWN).

■ HW Version—The current version of the hardware

PROM code.

■ SW Version—The current version of the software

code. (Not applicable for the TR-in-FE module.)

For more information about setting up the modules refer to the documentation that came with them:

ENTER

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR ATM OC-3 Module

User Guide (Part Number #99041)

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR FDDI Module User

Guide (Part Number #99048)

■ SuperStack II Switch 2000 TR TR-in-FE Module

User Guide (Part Number #99045)

■ Boot SW Version—The current Boot software

version. (Not applicable for the TR-in-FE module.)

MONITORING THE SWITCH 2000 TR

This chapter provides information on viewing the current operating status of the Switch 2000 TR, displaying errors using the fault log, and carrying out a remote poll (PING).

Regularly viewing statistics allows you to be sure that your network and Switch 2000 TR devices are operating properly. By viewing the performance and statistical data recorded by the Switch 2000 TR, you will begin to see performance patterns develop which can be used to eliminate problems before they impair the operation of your network.

This chapter includes information on the following ﬁelds:

■ Locating Statistics

■ Unit Statistics

■ Port Statistics

■ Stack Status

■ Status

■ Fault Log

■ Remote Polling (PING)

■ LCD Status

Locating Statistics

See Figure 6-1 to locate speciﬁc status, statistics, and polling information. Refer to “LCD Status” for information on retrieving LCD statistics.

Unit statistics, Port statistics, stack statistics, and Remote Poll

TR status and access to Fault Log

Figure 6-1 Locating Statistic Information and Status

6-2 CHAPTER 6: MONITORING THE SWITCH 2000 TR

Unit Statistics

NOTE:The Unit Statistics screen provides an easy

method for viewing per-port performance. It displays port trafﬁc activity for each active port. Values are refreshed approximately every two seconds. The counters are reset after the values reach approximately 4.2 billion. See Figure 6-2.

To view the Unit Statistics screen, take these steps from the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu:

1 Select Switch Management.

The TR Management screen appears.

2 Press [Space Bar] until Unit appears. 3 Press [Down Arrow] until Statistics highlights. 4 Press [Return].

The Unit Statistics screen appears.

5 Select statistic category and view.

The Unit Statistics screen displays these buttons:

RECEIVED—The total number of frames that have been received by the port including frames with errors.

TRANSMITTED—The total number of frames trans- mitted by the port, including frames with errors.

FORWARDED—The total number of frames received and then forwarded by the port.

FILTERED—The total number of frames ﬁltered by this port. Frames are ﬁltered because the destination station was on the same segment as the source station.

BROADCASTS—The total number of broadcast frames seen by the port.

CLEAR SCREEN COUNTERS—Use this button to set screen counters back to zero. This clears only counters displayed in the Unit Statistics screen. It does not affect the counters on the device. This prevents remote SNMP stations from seeing network anomalies.

Figure 6-2 Unit Statistics Screen

Port Statistics 6-3

Port Statistics

The TR Port Statistics screen provides an easy method for viewing individual port performance. See Figure 6-3. TR Port Statistics provide more detailed information on individual ports. This screen also provides access to the Trafﬁc Statistics screen.

To view the TR Port Statistics screen, take these steps from the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu:

1 Select Switch Management.

The TR Management screen appears.

2 Press [Space Bar] until Port appears. 3 Press [Down Arrow] until Statistics highlights. 4 Press [Return].

The TR Port Statistics screen appears.

Figure 6-3 TR Port Statistics Screen

The TR Port Statistics screen displays this information:

Unit ID—The number of the unit with which the port is associated.

Port ID—The number of the port you are viewing.

Link State—The current state of the port you are

viewing. The port states are:

■ Listening—The state in which all ports are placed

while Spanning Tree conﬁgures the network topology. Ports remain in this state until the root bridge is selected. This period should be long enough for a port to hear from all other ports on the switch.

■ Learning—The state in which ports receive data

on the topology of the network for the purpose of learning the stations that are attached to the port. If the port receives no information that would force it into the blocking state, then it moves on to the forwarding state.

■ Forwarding—This state allows the port to per-

form standard switching and bridging functions. Packets are received and the port either forwards or discards them based on the address of the packet and the switch’s address table.

■ Blocking—In this state, the port continues to

receive data on the status of the network topology but does not transmit them. The port also receives no packets nor learns the addresses of stations for forwarding or receiving.

■ Disabled—The state in which Spanning Tree has

been turned off. Port is disabled by management.

6-4 CHAPTER 6: MONITORING THE SWITCH 2000 TR

Current Utilization—The percentage of bandwidth

usage for the port you are currently viewing. This value indicates the general trafﬁc level on the individual port. Ideally, this ﬁgure should be below 60%, which indicates that the port is responsible for a reasonable amount of trafﬁc relative to the entire ring.

High utilization values suggest that you should adjust the network topology by reducing load on that port by segmentation.

Frames Forwarded—A running average of the pro- portion of the received frames that are forwarded. This value is expressed as a percentage of all received frames, based on a sampling interval of 20 seconds.

Broadcast Frame Bandwidth—A running average of the broadcast frame bandwidth. This value is expressed as a percentage of theoretical maximum bandwidth availability, based on a sampling interval of 20 seconds.

Error Frames—This ﬁeld displays a running average of the percentage of error frames with CRC errors and is based on a sampling interval of 20 seconds.

ing. A typical TR Port Statistics (Trafﬁc) screen appears in Figure 6-4.

Figure 6-4 Sample TR Port Statistics (Trafﬁc) Screen

The TR Port Statistics (Trafﬁc) screen displays this information:

Unit ID—The identifying number of the unit you are viewing.

Port ID—The identifying number of the port you are viewing.

Trafﬁc Statistics—Select this category to view the Port Statistics (Trafﬁc) screen. See the next section.

Port Statistics (Trafﬁc)

The TR Port Statistics (Trafﬁc) screen provides a more detailed display of statistics for the port you are view-

Frames Received—The total number of frames that have been received by the port including frames with errors.

Frames Transmitted—The total number of frames transmitted by the port, including frames with errors.

Multicasts Received—The number of frames suc- cessfully received with a multicast destination address. This number does not include frames

Port Statistics 6-5

directed to a broadcast address or frames received with errors.

Broadcasts Received—The number of frames received that have a broadcast destination address. This number does not include frames with errors.

Octets Received—The number of octets received by the port, including the MAC header and CRC. Octet counters are accurate to the nearest 256-byte boundary.

Octets Transmitted—The number of octets trans- mitted by the port, including the MAC header and CRC. Octet counters are accurate to the nearest 256-byte boundary.

Line Errors—The total number of CRC errors that have occurred on the port.

Frames Forwarded—The total number of frames received by this port and then forwarded to their destination address.

Cut-thrus Received—The total number of cut-thru packets received on the port.

Frame Size Analysis—A series of counters that rep- resent the composition of the trafﬁc on the Switch 2000 TR. The counters display the percentage of packets that are categorized by received length as represented by the following octet parameters:

■ 18 to 63 octets

■ 64 to 127 octets

■ 128 to 255 octets

■ 256 to 511 octets

■ 512 to 1023 octets

■ 1024 to 2047 octets

■ 2048 to 4095 octets

■ Packets greater than 4095 octets

Errors—Total of both line errors (CRCs) and lost frames.

Lost Frames—Frame transmitted by the Switch 2000 TR which failed to make the return trip.

Abort Frames—Frames transmitted by the Switch 2000 TR that need to be aborted by transmitting an abort delimiter.

6-6 CHAPTER 6: MONITORING THE SWITCH 2000 TR

Stack Status

The Stack Status screen provides easy access to the vital statistics associated with a stack. Units and their status, the software version currently running on each unit and the MAC address of each unit displays.

To view the Stack Status screen, perform these steps using the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu:

1 Select Switch Management.

The TR Management Screen appears.

2 Press [Space Bar] until Stack appears. 3 Press [Down Arrow] until Statistics highlights 4 Press [Return].

The Stack Status screen appears.

Status—Displays the unit number and the current status and position in the stack.

SW Version—Displays the current resident software version for each unit.

Mgmt MAC Address—Displays the management MAC address for each unit. An asterisk (*) next to a MAC address indicates that the unit is the head unit.

Figure 6-5 TR Stack Status Screen

The Stack Status screen displays this information:

Status 6-7

Status

The Status screen provides read-only information about the Switch 2000 TR. Information provided on this screen is especially useful for troubleshooting and monitoring system history.

You can view some Status information using the LCD console on the front panel of the Switch 2000 TR. Refer to “LCD Status” for more information.

To view the Status screen, perform these steps using the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu:

1 Select STATUS and press [Return].

The Status screen appears, as shown in Figure 6-6.

Number of Resets—The total number of resets since the Switch 2000 TR was ﬁrst installed or initialized, by manual power-up, manual reset, or watchdog timeout expiry.

Last Reset Type—The type or cause of the most recent reset on the Switch 2000 TR. Resets may be caused by management command, watchdog timeout, power failure or interruption, a manual reset, or system error. If you experience a problem, give this information to your technical support representative.

Hardware Version—The current hardware version of the Switch 2000 TR. Give this number when you request technical support.

Upgradeable Software Version—The version of the software image stored in Flash EPROM. This version is automatically updated when you download new software. Give this version when you request technical support.

Boot Software Version—The version number of the Boot software stored on the Switch 2000 TR. This number is useful when requesting technical support.

Figure 6-6 Status Screen

The Status screen displays the following information:

System Up Time—The elapsed time in seconds since the Switch 2000 TR was last reset.

FAULT LOG—Select this button to display the Switch 2000 TR Fault Log. Refer to “Fault Log,” next.

6-8 CHAPTER 6: MONITORING THE SWITCH 2000 TR

Fault Log

The Fault Log displays read-only information about the Switch 2000 TR. The Fault Log updates whenever an abnormal condition occurs. This information is for internal 3Com use only. Your supplier may ask you to quote the Area and Fault Number if you report a problem.

To view the Fault Log, take these steps from the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu:

1 Select STATUS and press [Return].

The TR Status screen appears.

2 Select FAULT LOG and press [Return].

Time (seconds)—The time elapsed between the last

reset when the fault occurred.

Area—Information useful for fault diagnosis by tech- nical support.

Fault Number—A hexadecimal number indicating the type of fault. Give this number to your technical support representative.

Figure 6-7 TR Fault Log Screen

The TR Fault Log screen appears and the screen displays the following:

Reset Count—The number of resets recorded at the time of the fault.

Remote Polling (PING) 6-9

Remote Polling (PING)

The Remote Poll screen allows you to send a single frame to a remote device. Use this feature to verify if a remote device is active and responding. It can help locate network problems and is also referred to as PING.

To use the Remote Poll feature, take these steps from the Switch 2000 TR Main Men:

1 From the Switch 2000 TR Main Menu, select Remote

Poll.

The TR Remote Poll screen appears.

When the poll is complete, the Round Trip Time displays the interval in milliseconds between sending the frame to the target device and receiving a response at the Switch 2000 TR. If the target device does not respond within approximately 10 seconds, the ﬁeld displays no reply.

Figure 6-8 TR Remote Poll Screen

2 Enter the IP address of the device you want to poll in

the Target Address ﬁeld. Follow the address notation conventions as illustrated

on the Remote Poll screen.

3 Select Poll.

6-10 CHAPTER 6: MONITORING THE SWITCH 2000 TR

LCD Status

The LCD console located on the front panel of the Switch 2000 TR provides useful hardware, software, and system version information. Refer to Chapter 5 for more information.

Switch 2000 TR

> Status

[Enter]

STATUS >HW Version >

[Down Arrow]

STATUS >HW Version >

[Down Arrow]

STATUS >Boot SW Ver >

Switch 2000 TR

> Status

Figure 6-9 LCD Console Status Chart

To view the LCD status, take these steps from the Switch 2000 TR>Unit Id banner:

1 Press [Down Arrow] until Switch 2000 TR>Status>

appears.

2 Press [Enter].

STATUS>HW Version appears.

3 Press [Enter].

HW Version#: appears and displays the hardware version of the Switch 2000 TR.

4 Press [Left Arrow] to return to the STATUS >HW Ver-

sion> display.

[Enter]

HW Version #: [R/O Version]

SW Version #: [R/O Version]

Boot SW Ver #: [R/O Version]

[Left Arrow]

5 Press [Down Arrow].

STATUS >SW Version> appears.

6 Press [Enter].

SW Version #> appears and displays the Boot software version stored on the Switch 2000 TR.

7 Press [Left Arrow] to return to STATUS > SW Version>.

8 Press [Down Arrow].

STATUS >BOOT SW Ver> appears.

9 Press [Enter].

Boot SW Ver #: displays the software version stored in the EPROM of the Switch 2000 TR. This version number is automatically updated when you download new software.

10 Use [Left Arrow] to scroll back up through the menus.

VIRTUAL LANS

This chapter provides information on Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs). Deﬁnitions, beneﬁts, sample conﬁgurations and concepts of VLANs are described here, including:

■ What are VLANs?

■ Beneﬁts of VLANs

■ VLANs and the Switch 2000 TR

Setting up Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) on the Switch 2000 TR provides you with less time-consuming network administration and more efﬁcient network operation.

The following sections explain more about the concept of VLANs and explain how they can be implemented on the Switch 2000 TR.

What are VLANs?

A VLAN is deﬁned as a group of location- and topology- independent devices that communicate as though they were on the same physical LAN. This means that LAN segments are not restricted by the hardware that physically connects them; the segments are deﬁned by ﬂexible user groups that you create using software.

With VLANs, you can deﬁne your network according to:

■ Departmental Groups—For example, you can have

one VLAN for the Marketing department, another for the Finance department, and another for the Development department.

■ Hierarchical Groups—For example, you can have

one VLAN for Directors, another for Managers, and another for general staff.

■ Usage Groups—For example, you can have one

VLAN for users of email, and another for users of multimedia.

7-2 CHAPTER 7: VIRTUAL LANS

Beneﬁts of VLANs

Implementing VLANs on your network has three main advantages:

■ It eases the change and movement of devices on

networks.

■ It helps to control broadcast trafﬁc.

■ It provides extra security.

How VLANs Ease Change and Movement

With traditional IP networks, network administrators spend much of their time dealing with moves and changes. If users move to a different IP subnet, the IP addresses of each endstation must be updated manually.

With a VLAN setup, if an endstation in VLAN 1 is moved to a port in another part of the network, you only need to specify that the new port is in VLAN 1, and this is something that can be done remotely if you have 3Com’s Transcend Enterprise Manager for Windows (v6.0 and above).

How VLANs Provide Extra Security

Devices within each VLAN can only communicate with devices in the same VLAN. If a device in VLAN 1 needs to communicate with devices in VLAN 2, the trafﬁc must cross a router. Routers have ﬁltering and security features to block unauthorized access.

Figure 7-1 shows a network conﬁgured with three VLANs—one for each of the departments that access the network. The membership of VLAN 1 is restricted to ports 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Switch A; membership of VLAN 2 is restricted to ports 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of Switch B while VLAN 3 spans both Switches containing ports 6, 7, 8 of Switch A and 1, 2, 3 of Switch B.

In this simple example, each of these VLANs can be seen as a ’broadcast domain’—physical LAN segments that are not constrained by their physical location.

Speciﬁc conﬁgurations using the Switch are shown later in this chapter.

How VLANs Control Broadcast Trafﬁc

With traditional networks, congestion can be caused by broadcast trafﬁc that is directed to all network devices whether they require it or not. VLANs increase the efﬁciency of your network because each VLAN can be set up to contain only those devices that need to communicate with each other.

3COM 2000 TR User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Introduction

How to Use This Guide

Conventions

Related Publications

About the SuperStack™ II Switch 2000 TR

System Features

Summary of Features

Typical Applications of Token Ring Switching

Ring Segmentation

The Front Panel

RJ-45 Ports

Front Panel LEDs

LCD Display Buttons

The Rear Panel

Power Socket

Serial Number

Redundant Power System Connector

Reset Button

Console Port

Optional Slide-In Modules

The ATM Module

Summary of ATM Features

The FDDI Module

Summary of FDDI Module Features

The Token Ring-in-Fast Ethernet (TR-in-FE) Module

Summary of TR-in-FE Module Features

Migrating to High-speed Technologies

High-speed Cascade Connectors

Token Ring Switching Concepts

Why Token Ring Switching?

Source Route Bridging (SRT)

Transparent Bridging (TP)

Bridge Table

Source Route Transparent Bridging

Spanning Tree

802.1d Spanning Tree

IBM Spanning Tree

Congestion Control

Forwarding Modes

VLANs

Advantages of VLAN

GETTING STARTED

Important Safety Information

Positioning the Switch 2000 TR

Considerations for Placement

Power Supply and Fuse

Replacing the Fuse

Installing the Slide-in Modules

Installing the Switch 2000 TR

Rack Mounting

Wall Mounting

Stack Mounting

Connecting Redundant Power System

Connecting to the Serial Port

Connecting a VT100 Terminal

Device Defaults

SETTING UP FOR MANAGEMENT

Switch 2000 TR Management Options

VT100 Management Interface

Via the Serial Port

Via an IP Network Connection

Head Unit

Cascade Connections

Managing over the Network

IP Addresses

Operating IP in a Closed Network

Obtaining Network Addresses

Management Prerequisites

Source Routing Prerequisites

Switch 2000 TR Management Consoles

The VT100 Console

Choice Field

Entry Field

Button

List Boxes

Key Board Shortcuts