Seerrvviicce IInnffoorrmmaattiioon
Trucks
Group28
Release1
Engine Control Module (ECM),
AftertreatmentControlModule (ACM),
VMAC IV
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
89091093
Foreword
The descriptions and service procedures contained in this manual are based on designs and technical studies carried out through January 2013.
The products are under continuous development. Vehicles and components produced after the above date may therefore have different specifications and repair methods. When this is deemed to have a significant bearing on this manual, an updated version of this manual will be issued to cover the changes.
The new edition of this manual will update the changes.
In service procedures where the title incorporates an operation number, this is a reference to an V.S. T. (Volvo Standard Times).
Service procedures which do not include an operation number in the title are for general information and no reference is made to an V.S.T.
Each section of this manual contains specific safety information and warnings which must be reviewed before performing any procedure. If a printed copy of a procedure is made, be sure to also make a printed copy of the safety information and warnings that relate to that procedure. The following levels of observations, cautions and warnings are used in this Service Documentation:
Note: Indicates a procedure, practice, or condition that must be followed in order to have the vehicle or component function in the manner intended.
Caution: Indicates an unsafe practice where damage to the product could occur.
Warning: Indicates an unsafe practice where personal injury or severe damage to the product could occur.
Danger: Indicates an unsafe practice where serious personal injury or death could occur.
Mack Trucks, Inc.
Greensboro, NC USA
Order number: PV776-89091093
©2013 Mack Trucks, Inc., Greensboro, NC USA
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any forms by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Mack Trucks, Inc.
USA57777
Troubleshooting............................................................................................................................. |
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Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)......................................................... |
1 |
Group 28
Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble Codes
(DTCs)
Troubleshooting
Engine Control Module (ECM) Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)
The manufacturer scan tool is the preferred tool for performing diagnostic work. Contact your local dealer for more information or visit “www.premiumtechtool.com”.
Note: The use of a scan tool is necessary to perform diagnostic work as well as clearing of any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). DTC(s) can no longer be cleared using the vehicles instrument cluster digital display and stalk switch control.
System Overview
Multiple electronic control units (ECUs) are used; the engine control module (ECM), instrument control module (ICM), Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU), transmission control module (TCM), the gear selector control module (GSCM) and the aftertreatment control module (ACM). Together, these modules operate and communicate data link to control a variety of engine and vehicle cab functions. The ECM controls a variety of functions related to operation of the engine. The ECM works in conjunction with the ACM to control the EATS system and reduce emissions.. The VECU controls cruise control functions, accessory relay controls and idle shutdown functions.
In addition to their control functions, the modules have on board diagnostic (OBD) capabilities. The OBD is designed to detect faults or abnormal conditions that are not within normal operating parameters. When the system detects a fault or abnormal condition, the fault will be logged, the vehicle operator will be advised that a fault has occurred by illumination a malfunction indicator lamp (MIL). The module may initiate the engine shutdown procedure if the system determines that the fault could damage the engine.
In some situations when a fault is detected, the system will enter a "derate" mode. The derate mode allows continued vehicle operation but the system may substitute a sensor or signal value that may result in reduced performance. In some instances, the system will continue to function but engine power may be limited to protect the engine and vehicle. Diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) logged in the system memory can later be read, to aid in diagnosing the problem using a Premium Tech Tool.
The VECU and ECM are dependent on each other to perform their specific control functions. In addition to switch and sensor data, the broadcast of data between modules also includes various calculations and conclusions that each module has developed, based on the input information it has received.
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System Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Overview |
System Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Overview
The ECM monitors engine parameters to monitor the engine system's performance in real time. This is performed to aid the ECM with its self diagnostic capabilities. Many sensors are used for input to the emission control system.
The system contains the following “emission critical” ECUs that are monitored;
•Engine Control Module (ECM)
•Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU)
•Aftertreatment Control Module (ACM)
•Aftertreatment Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Sensors
•Engine Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) Smart Remote Actuator (SRA)
These ECUs all communicate with the ECM via data links. The VECU communicates across the SAE J1939 (CAN1) data link while the others use the SAE J1939-7 (CAN2) data link. The OBD systems use SAE J2284 (ISO) data link for communication with scan tools. Scan tools compliant with ISO 15031–5 (SAE J1979) or ISO 14229 will be able to access all emission critical data from the ECM and ACM. The ECM gateways all of the DTCs and descriptions from the VECU, NOx Sensors and the VGT-SRA. The use of a scan tool is necessary to perform diagnostic work as well as clearing of any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). DTC(s) can no longer be cleared using the vehicles instrument cluster digital display and stalk switch control.
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL), Description and Location
A MIL located in the instrument cluster. This amber colored lamp is used to inform the driver that an “emission critical” malfunction signal has occurred.
W2036007
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Group 28 |
OBD2013 Code Definition |
OBD2013 Code Definition
The Diagnostic Trouble Code follows a standardized format. All DTC’s have a letter followed by a 4-digit code. Here is a breakdown of what an OBD code means.
First Character
•P=Powertrain
•B=Body
•C=Chassis (not used in NA yet)
•U=Network (Data Link), power supply
•P00XX Fuel and air metering and Auxiliary Emissions controls
•P01XX Fuel and air metering
•P02XX Fuel and air metering
•P03XX Ignition system or misfire
•P04XX Auxiliary Emissions Controls
•P05XX Vehicle Speed, Idle control, auxiliary inputs
•P06XX Computer and Auxiliary inputs
•P07XX Transmission
•P08XX Transmission
•P09XX Transmission
•P1XX manufacturer controlled
•P2XX SAE controlled DTCs
•P3XX Manufacturer controlled and SAE reserved
Fifth and Sixth Digit-(if applicable)
• Failure Type Byte (FTB)
The DTC Failure Type Byte defines the DTC Failure Category and Sub Type of a base DTC. It represents the type of fault in the circuit or system (e.g. sensor open circuit, sensor shorted to ground, algorithm based failure, etc).
•
•
•
•
•
•
00 = No Subtype information
01 = General Electrical Failure
02 = General Signal Failure
03 = FM (Frequency Modulated) PWM (Pulse With Modulated) failures
04 = System internal Failures
05 = System Programming Failures
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OBD2013 Code Definition |
•06 = Algorithm Based Failures
•07 = Mechanical Failures
•08 = Bus Signal/Message Failures
•09 = Component Failures
•10 = ISO/SAE reserved
•11 = Circuit short to ground
•12 = Circuit short to battery
•13 = Circuit open
•14 = Circuit short to ground or open
•15 = Circuit short to battery or open
•16 = Circuit voltage below threshold
•17 = Circuit voltage above threshold
•18 = Circuit current below threshold
•19 = Circuit current above threshold
•1A = Circuit resistance below threshold
•1B = Circuit resistance above threshold
•1C = Circuit voltage out of range
•1D = Circuit current out of range
•1E = Circuit resistance out of range
•1F = Circuit intermittent
•20 = ISO/SAE reserved
•21 = Signal amplitude < minimum
•22 = Signal amplitude > minimum
•23 = Signal stuck low
•24 = Signal stuck high
•25 = Signal shape/wave form failure
•26 = Signal rate of change below threshold
•27 = Signal rate of change above threshold
•28 = Signal bias level out of range/zero adjustment failure
•29 = Signal invalid
•2A = ISO/SAE reserved
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Group 28 |
OBD2013 Code Definition |
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2B = ISO/SAE reserved
2C = ISO/SAE reserved
2D = ISO/SAE reserved
2E = ISO/SAE reserved
2F = Signal erratic
30 = ISO/SAE reserved
31 = No signal
32 = Signal low time < minimum
33 = Signal low time > maximum
34 = Signal high time < minimum
35 = Signal high time > maximum
36 = Signal frequency too low
37 = Signal frequency too high
38 = Signal frequency incorrect
39 = Signal has too few pulses
3A = Signal has too many pulses
3B = ISO/SAE reserved
3C = ISO/SAE reserved
3D = ISO/SAE reserved
3F = ISO/SAE reserved
40 = ISO/SAE reserved
41 = General checksum failure
42 = General memory failure
43 = Special memory failure
44 = Data memory failure
45 = Program memory failure
46 = Calibration/parametermemory failure
47 = Watchdog/safety µC failure
48 = Supervision software failure
49 = Internal electronic failure
4A = Incorrect component installed
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OBD2013 Code Definition |
•4B = Over temperature
•4C = ISO/SAE reserved
•4D = ISO/SAE reserved
•4F = ISO/SAE reserved
•50= ISO/SAE reserved
•51 = Not programmed
•52 = Not activated
•53 = Deactivated
•54 = Missing calibration
•55 = Not configured
•56 = ISO/SAE reserved
•5A = ISO/SAE reserved
•5B = ISO/SAE reserved
•5C = ISO/SAE reserved
•5D = ISO/SAE reserved
•5F = ISO/SAE reserved
•60 = ISO/SAE reserved
•61 = Signal calculation failure
•62 = Signal compare failure
•63 = Circuit/component protection time-out
•64 = Signal plausibility failure
•65 = Signal has too few transitions/events
•66 = Signal has too many transitions/events
•67 = Signal incorrect after event
•68 = Event information
•69 = ISO/SAE reserved
•6A = ISO/SAE reserved
•6B = ISO/SAE reserved
•6C = ISO/SAE reserved
•6D = ISO/SAE reserved
•6F = ISO/SAE reserved
•70 = ISO/SAE reserved
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Group 28 |
OBD2013 Code Definition |
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
71 = Actuator stuck
72 = Actuator stuck open
73 = Actuator stuck closed
74 = Actuator slipping
75 = Emergency position not reachable
76 = Wrong mounting position
77 = Commanded position not reachable
78 = Alignment or adjustment incorrect
79 = Mechanical linkage failure
7A = Fluid leak or seal failure
7B = Low fluid level
7C = ISO/SAE reserved
7D = ISO/SAE reserved
7C = ISO/SAE reserved
7D = ISO/SAE reserved
7F = ISO/SAE reserved
80 = ISO/SAE reserved
81 = Invalid serial data received
82 = Alive/sequence counter incorrect/not updated
83 = Value of signal protection calculation incorrect
84 = Signal below allowable range
85 = Signal above allowable range
86 = Signal invalid
87 = Missing message
88 = Bus off
89 = ISO/SAE reserved
8A = ISO/SAE reserved
8B = ISO/SAE reserved
8C = ISO/SAE reserved
8D = ISO/SAE reserved
8F = ISO/SAE reserved
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Group 28 |
OBD2013 Code Definition |
•90 = ISO/SAE reserved
•91 = Parametric
•92 = Performance or incorrect operation
•93 = No operation
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OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) |
OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC)
“P0016 Camshaft Position Sensor: Rationality Low”, page 95 “P0046 VGT Position Actuator: VGT Mechanical Fault”, page 118 “P006E VGT Position Actuator: Low Supply Voltage”, page 120
“P0070 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor (AAT): Open Circuit”, page 129 “P0072 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor (AAT): Short Circuit Low”, page 129 “P009A Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor (IMT): Rationality Monitor”, page 78 “P00AF VGT Position Actuator: Bad Device”, page 118
“P0105 Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor (IMP): Open Circuit Check”, page 71 “P0069 Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor Monitor”, page 70
“P0108 Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor (IMP): Short Circuit High”, page 71 “P0110 Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor (IMT): Open Circuit Check”, page 79 “P0112 Intake Manifold Temperature Sensor (IMT): Short Circuit Low”, page 79 “P0115 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT): Open Circuit Check”, page 66
“P0116 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT): Sensor Stuck Low Monitor”, page 65 “P0117 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor (ECT): Short Circuit Low”, page 66
“P0128 Engine Cooling System: Stuck Open or Leaking Thermostat Monitor”, page 64 “P0195 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor (OTS): Open Circuit Check”, page 89 “P0196 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor (OTS): Rationality Monitor”, page 88
“P0197 Engine Oil Temperature Sensor (OTS): Short Circuit Low”, page 89 “P0201 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 1)”, page 125 “P0202 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 2)”, page 125 “P0203 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 3)”, page 126 “P0204 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 4)”, page 126 “P0205 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 5)”, page 127 “P0206 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit Low (Injector 6)”, page 127 “P0234 Boost Pressure: Overboost”, page 41
“P0262 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 1)”, page 122 “P0265 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 2)”, page 122 “P0268 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 3)”, page 123 “P026C Fuel Injector (low mass flow)”, page 17
“P026D Fuel Injector (high mass flow)”, page 18
“P0271 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 4)”, page 123 “P0274 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 5)”, page 124 “P0277 Engine Fuel Injectors: Short Circuit High (Injector 6)”, page 124 “P0299 Boost Pressure: Underboost”, page 40
“P02CD Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 1)”, page 19
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Group 28 |
OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) |
“P02CF Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)”, page 20 “P02D1 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)”, page 20 “P02D3 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)”, page 21 “P02D5 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 5)”, page 21 “P02D7 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 6)”, page 22 “P0300 Misfire Multiple Cylinders”, page 29
“P0301 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 1)”, page 23 “P0301 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 1)”, page 30
“P0302 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)”, page 24 “P0302 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 2)”, page 31
“P0303 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)”, page 25 “P0303 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 3)”, page 32
“P0304 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)”, page 26 “P0304 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 4)”, page 33
“P0305 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 5)”, page 27 “P0305 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 5)”, page 34
“P0306 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 6)”, page 28 “P0306 Misfire Single Cylinder (Cylinder 6)”, page 35
“P0335 Crankshaft Position Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 93 “P0336 Crankshaft Position Sensor: Rationality High”, page 94 “P0339 Crankshaft Position Sensor: Rationality Low”, page 93 “P0340 Camshaft Position Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 95 “P0341 Camshaft Position Sensor: Rationality High”, page 96 “P0401 EGR System (Low Flow)”, page 36
“P0402 EGR System (High Flow)”, page 37
“P0403 EGR Valve Actuator: Open Circuit”, page 121
“P0406 EGR Differential Pressure Sensor: Short Circuit High”, page 75 “P0409 EGR Differential Pressure Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 75 “P040A EGR Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 81 “P040B EGR Temperature Sensor: Rationality Monitor”, page 80 “P040C EGR Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 81
“P20EE NOx Catalyst: Conversion Efficiency”, page 45 “P0420 NOx Catalyst: Missing SCR”, page 46
“P0420 NOx Catalyst: Reductant Delivery Performance”, page 47 “P0420 NMHC Catalyst: Conversion Efficiency”, page 43 “P0421 NMHC Catalyst: Missing Substrate”, page 44
“P046C EGR Differential Pressure Sensor: DP Sensor Rationality”, page 74
“P0489 EGR Valve Actuator: Short Circuit Low”, page 121 10
Group 28 |
OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) |
“P04DB Crankcase Ventilation: Disconnected Pipe/Separator Monitor”, page 67 “P04D9 EGR System: Feedback Control (Saturated Low)”, page 39
“P04DA EGR System: Feedback Control (Saturated High)”, page 39
“P0500 Wheel Based Vehicle Speed: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS): Open Circuit”, page 131 “P0502 Wheel Based Vehicle Speed: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS): Short Circuit Low”, page 131 “P0506 Idle Engine Speed Rationality: Idle Speed Low”, page 141
“P0507 Idle Engine Speed Rationality: Idle Speed High”, page 142 “P051A Crankcase Pressure Sensor (CPS): Open Circuit Check”, page 77 “P051B Crankcase Pressure Sensor (CPS): Rationality Monitor”, page 76 “P051D Crankcase Pressure Sensor (CPS): Short Circuit High”, page 77 “P0520 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor (OPS): Open Circuit Check”, page 91 “P0521 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor: Rationality Monitor”, page 90 “P0523 Engine Oil Pressure Sensor (OPS): Short Circuit High”, page 91 “P0544 Pre-DOC Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 85 “P0545 Pre-DOC Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 85 “P054E Idle Engine Fuel Rationality: Fuel Rationality Low”, page 143 “P054F Idle Engine Fuel Rationality: Fuel Rationality High”, page 144 “P05E4 Parking Brake Switch: Short Circuit Low”, page 134
“P0652 Idle Validation Switch (IVS): Short Circuit Low”, page 146 “P0657 Actuator Supply #1 ACM: Open Circuit”, page 149 “P0658 Actuator Supply #1 ACM: Short Circuit Low”, page 149 “P0659 Actuator Supply #1 ACM: Short Circuit High”, page 150 “P06B1 ACM Sensor Supply #1: Below Range”, page 147 “P06B1 ECM Supply #1: Below Range”, page 135
“P06B2 ACM Sensor Supply #1: Above Range”, page 147 “P06B2 ACM Sensor Supply #1: Above Range”, page 147 “P06B4 ECM Supply #2: Below Range”, page 136 “P06B4 ACM Sensor Supply #2: Below Range”, page 148 “P06B5 ACM Sensor Supply #2: Above Range”, page 148 “P06B5 ECM Supply #2: Above Range”, page 136 “P06E7 ECM Supply #3: Below Range”, page 137 “P06E8 ECM Supply #3: Above Range”, page 137 “P1080 Actuator Supply #2 ACM: Open Circuit”, page 150
“P1095 Actuator Supply #2 ACM: Short Circuit Low”, page 151 “P1096 Actuator Supply #2 ACM: Short Circuit High”, page 151
“P1131 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Air Purge Valve: Short Circuit Low”, page 102 “P1134 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Air Purge Valve: Open Circuit”, page 102 “P2002 PM Filter Efficiency Monitor”, page 49
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Group 28 |
OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) |
“P2031 Post-DOC Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 86 “P2032 Post-DOC Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 86 “P2047 Aftertreatment SCR Dosing Valve: Open Circuit”, page 116 “P2048 Aftertreatment SCR Dosing Valve: Short Circuit Low”, page 117 “P2049 Aftertreatment SCR Dosing Valve: Short Circuit High”, page 116
“P204A Aftertreatment DEF Pump Pressure Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 114 “P204B Aftertreatment DEF Pump Pressure Sensor: Rationality”, page 113 “P204C Aftertreatment DEF Pump Pressure Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 114 “P205A Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 106 “P205B Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature Sensor: Rationality Low”, page 105
“P205C Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 106 “P2080 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensors: Pre-DOC Rationality Check”, page 82 “P2084 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor: Post-DOC Rationality Check”, page 83 “P208A Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Open Circuit”, page 108
“P208C Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Short Circuit Low”, page 109 “P208D Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Short Circuit High”, page 108 “P208E Aftertreatment SCR Dosing Valve: Functional Check”, page 115
“P209F Aftertreatment DEF Tank Temperature Sensor: Rationality High”, page 105 “P20A0 Aftertreatment DEF Pump Direction Valve: Open Circuit”, page 111 “P20A1 Aftertreatment DEF Pump Direction Valve: Functional Check”, page 110 “P20A2 Aftertreatment DEF Pump Direction Valve: Short Circuit Low”, page 112 “P20A3 Aftertreatment DEF Pump Direction Valve: Short Circuit High”, page 111 “P20D7 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser Solenoid: Open Circuit”, page 100 “P20D9 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser Solenoid: Short Circuit Low”, page 100
“P20DD Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser Fuel Pressure Sensor: Open Circuit”, page 98 “P20E0 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Doser Fuel Pressure Sensor: Short Circuit High”, page 98 “P20E8 Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Pump Pressure Build Up”, page 107
“P2109 Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: Rationality Low”, page 132
“P2136 Idle Validation Switch (IVS): IVS Does Not Match Accelerator Pedal Position”, page 145 “P215A Wheel Based Vehicle Speed: Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS): Rationality”, page 130 “P2163 Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor: Rationality High”, page 132
“P218F Aftertreatment DEF Pump: Functional Check”, page 107 “P2200 NOx Sensor #1: Open Circuit”, page 55
“P2201 NOx Sensor #1: Rationality Monitor”, page 51 “P2203 NOx Sensor #1: Short Circuit Low”, page 55
“P220A NOx Sensor #1: Supply Voltage Out of Range”, page 56 “P220B NOx Sensor #2: Supply Voltage Out of Range”, page 63
“P220E NOx Sensor #1: Sensor Start Up Monitor”, page 53 12
Group 28 |
OBD2013 Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) |
“P220F NOx Sensor #2: Sensor Start Up Monitor”, page 59
“P221A NOx Sensors: NOx Sensor Measurement Rationality Monitor”, page 61 “P2226 Barometric Pressure Sensor (BPS): Open Circuit Check”, page 69 “P2227 Barometric Pressure Sensor (BPS): Rationality Monitor”, page 68 “P2229 Barometric Pressure Sensor (BPS): Short Circuit High”, page 69 “P225C Inlet and Outlet NOx Sensor Stuck High ”, page 52
“P225E NOx Sensor #2: Rationality High Monitor”, page 58 “P226C Boost Pressure Slow Response”, page 42 “P229E NOx Sensor #2: Open Circuit”, page 62
“P229F NOx Sensor #2: Rationality Low Monitor”, page 57 “P22A1 NOx Sensor #2: Short Circuit Low”, page 62 “P22FB NOx Sensor #1: Bad Device Monitor”, page 54 “P22FE NOx Sensor #2: Bad Device Monitor”, page 60 “P240F EGR System Slow Response”, page 38
“P242A Post-DPF Temperature Sensor: Open Circuit Check”, page 87
“P242B Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensors: Post-DPF Rationality Check”, page 84 “P242C Post-DPF Temperature Sensor: Short Circuit Low”, page 87
“P244A PM Filter: Missing Substrate”, page 50
“P2452 Aftertreatment Differential Pressure Sensor (DPS): Open Circuit Check”, page 73
“P2453 Aftertreatment Differential Pressure Sensor (DPS): DPS Differential Pressure Sensor”, page 72 “P2454 Aftertreatment Differential Pressure Sensor (DPS): Short Circuit Low”, page 73
“P249D NOx Catalyst: Feedback Control (Saturated Low Monitor)”, page 48 “P249E NOx Catalyst: Feedback Control (Saturated High Monitor)”, page 48 “P2578 Turbocharger Speed Sensor (TSS): Missing Signal Monitor”, page 92 “P2581 Turbocharger Speed Sensor (TSS): Rationality High”, page 92 “P2697 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Dosing Valve: Open Circuit”, page 104 “P2698 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Dosing Valve: Functional”, page 103
“P2699 Aftertreatment Hydrocarbon Dosing Valve: Short Circuit Low”, page 104 “U0001 CAN Link: Missing Signal on Backbone 2”, page 140
“U0010 CAN Link: SAE J1939-1 Missing Signal”, page 138 “U0080 CAN Link: Powertrain CAN Missing Signal”, page 139 “U010C VGT Position Actuator: Missing Signal”, page 119 “U0141 CAN Link: Missing Signal from the VECU”, page 140
“U0155 Ambient Air Temperature Sensor (AAT): Missing Signal”, page 128 “U029D NOx Sensor #1: Missing Signal”, page 56
“U029E NOx Sensor #2: Missing Signal”, page 63
“U116F CAN Link: Missing ACM at Engine Subnet”, page 139
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Group 28 |
Definitions and Terminology |
Definitions and Terminology
Confirmed Fault Code:
The diagnostic trouble code (DTC) stored when an OBD system has confirmed that a malfunction exists.
Continuous Monitors:
Monitors that are always running after enabling criteria has been met.
Deactivate:
Means to turn-off, shutdown, desensitize, or otherwise make inoperable through software programming or other means during the actual life of the engine.
Diagnostic or Emission Critical:
Refers to the engine and any other on-board electronic control unit containing software that has primary control over any of the required monitors, excluding anti-lock brake system (ABS) control units or stability/traction control units, and has primary control over the diagnostics for more than two of the components required to be monitored.
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC)
In the heavy truck industry, codes that are developed by SAE standards to help diagnose and track problems in a vehicle detected by its on-board diagnostics (OBD).
Drive Cycle:
The combination of driving conditions that enable a monitor and allow it to be completed.
It is defined as a trip that meets any of the four conditions below:
•Begins with engine start and ends with engine shutoff
•Begins with engine start and ends after four hours of continuous engine-on operation
•Begins at the end of the previous four hours of continuous engine-on operation and ends after four hours of continuous engine-on operation
•Begins at the end of the previous four hours of continuous engine-on operation and ends with engine shutoff
Enable Conditions:
A combination of conditions occurring to trigger a specific monitor to run.
Engine Misfire:
Means lack of combustion in the cylinder due to absence of spark, poor fuel metering, poor compression, or any other cause. This does not include lack of combustion events in nonactive cylinders due to default fuel shut-off or cylinder deactiva-
tion strategies. 14
Group 28
Engine Start:
Is defined as the point when the engine reaches a speed 150 rpm below the normal, warmed-up idle speed (as determined in the drive position for vehicles equipped with an automatic transmission).
Fault Memory:
Information pertaining to malfunctions stored in the onboard computer, including fault codes, stored engine conditions, and MIL status.
Functional Check:
For an output component or system means verification of proper response of the component and system to a computer command.
Ignition Cycle:
A drive cycle that begins with engine start, meets the engine start definition for at least two seconds plus or minus one second, and ends with engine shutoff.
Key On, Engine Off (KOEO):
Refers to a vehicle with the ignition key in the engine run position (not engine crank or accessory position) but with the engine not running.
Key On, Engine Running (KOER):
Refers to a vehicle with the ignition key in the engine run position with the engine running.
Malfunction:
Means any deterioration or failure of a component that causes the performance to be outside of the applicable limits.
Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL):
An amber colored lamp located in the instrument cluster used to inform the driver that an “emission critical” malfunction signal has occurred.
MIL-On Fault Code:
For engines using ISO15765 or SAE J1979 data link, refers to the DTC stored when an OBD system has confirmed that a malfunction exists (typically on the second drive cycle that the malfunction is detected).
Monitor
Testing routines, performed by the ECM and ACM, which are designed to indicate that all of the components within a portion of the Engine Management System (EMS) are working properly to minimize emissions.
Noncontinuous Monitors:
Monitors that are only run only when their individual enabling criteria is met.
Engine Start:
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Group 28 |
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD): |
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD):
A term referring to a vehicle's self-diagnostic, monitoring and fault code reporting capability.
Pending Fault Code:
A DTC stored upon the initial detection of a malfunction (typically on a single drive cycle) prior to illumination of the MIL.
Permanent Fault Code:
A confirmed or MIL-on fault code that is currently commanding the MIL on and is stored in NVRAM.
Rationality Fault Diagnostic:
For an input component means verification of the accuracy of the input signal while in the range of normal operation and when compared to all other available information.
Warm-Up Cycle:
Means sufficient vehicle operation such that the coolant temperature has risen by at least 40 degrees Fahrenheit from engine start and reaches a minimum temperature of at least 160 degrees Fahrenheit (140 degrees Fahrenheit for applications with diesel engines).
16
Group 28 Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity
All cylinders may have pressure, timing and quantity deviations Using the NOx sensors on the vehicle. which result in significant change in engine performance and
exhaust gas composition. These deviations may in part be used to diagnose and evaluate a faulty fuel system.
P026C Fuel Injector (low mass flow)
DTC |
P026C |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Actual air fuel ratio based fueling compared to expected |
|
Fault Limit |
Ratio = (Air fuel ratio based estimated fuel flow Modeled Fuel flow) < 0.85 |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature 100 - 400 °C |
|
|
• DOC Outlet Temperature 200 - 400 °C |
|
|
• DPF Outlet Temperature 200 - 400 °C |
|
|
• Average Engine Speed 1000 - 2000 RPM |
|
|
• Average Engine Torque > 1000 Nm |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0071, P0108, P0105, P0340, P0335, P2200, |
|
|
P2203, P221A |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
45 seconds (accumulated time) |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
17
Group 28 P026D Fuel Injector (high mass flow)
P026D Fuel Injector (high mass flow)
DTC |
P026D |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Actual air fuel ratio based fueling compared to expected |
|
Fault Limit |
Ratio = (Air fuel ratio based estimated fuel flow Modeled Fuel flow) > 1.42 |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature 100 - 400 °C |
|
|
• DOC Outlet Temperature 200 - 400 °C |
|
|
• DPF Outlet Temperature 200 - 400 °C |
|
|
• Average Engine Speed 1000 - 2000 RPM |
|
|
• Average Engine Torque > 1000 Nm |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0071, P0108, P0105, P0340, P0335, P2200, |
|
|
P2203, P221A |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
45 seconds (accumulated time) |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
18
Group 28
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity Threshold – Single Cylinder High Mass Flow
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity Threshold – Single Cylinder High Mass Flow
This OBD monitor works by observing engine acceleration as measured by the crank angle sensor. This acceleration measurement is taken during a crank angle window where the current firing cylinder should be generating it’s torque. Acceleration is then filtered with a low pass filter and after all cylinders have fired, an average acceleration of all cylinders is generated. The error of each cylinder is calculated as the deviation of it’s
individual acceleration reading from the average acceleration value.
An average quantity offset value for all cylinders (either positive or negative) is calculated and if a single cylinder’s fuel value deviates from a calibrated limit a DTC is set.
P02CD Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 1)
DTC |
P02CD |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 1) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder fueling offset |
|
Fault Limit |
Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, |
|
|
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201, |
|
|
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
600 seconds (accumulated time at idle) |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
19
Group 28 P02CF Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)
P02CF Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)
DTC |
P02CF |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 2) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder fueling offset |
|
Fault Limit |
Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, |
|
|
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201, |
|
|
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
600 seconds (accumulated time at idle) |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
P02D1 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)
DTC |
P02D1 |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 3) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder fueling offset |
|
Fault Limit |
Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, |
|
|
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201, |
|
|
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
600 seconds (accumulated time at idle) |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
20
Group 28 P02D3 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)
P02D3 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)
DTC |
P02D3 |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 4) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder fueling offset |
|
Fault Limit |
Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, |
|
|
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201, |
|
|
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
600 seconds (accumulated time at idle) |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
P02D5 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 5)
DTC |
P02D5 |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 5) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder fueling offset |
|
Fault Limit |
Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, |
|
|
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201, |
|
|
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
600 seconds (accumulated time at idle) |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
21
Group 28 P02D7 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 6)
P02D7 Single Cylinder High Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 6)
DTC |
P02D7 |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – High (Cylinder 6) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder fueling offset |
|
Fault Limit |
Fueling offset of any one injector at idle < -1.5 deg CA |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 600 Nm |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, |
|
|
P0305, P0306, P0300, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, P0274, P0277, P0201, |
|
|
P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
600 seconds (accumulated time at idle) |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
22
Group 28
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity Threshold – Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow
Fuel Pressure, Timing and Quantity Threshold – Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow
The single cylinder low mass flow malfunction is monitored using the misfire detection monitor. See “Misfire Monitoring at Idle Conditions”, page 29 for detailed monitor descriptions.
P0301 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 1)
DTC |
P0301 |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low (Cylinder 1) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder engine flywheel acceleration evaluation |
|
Fault Limit |
Number of misfire events per cylinder 400 out of 500 |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Average Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Number of Cylinders Misfiring < 4 Cylinders |
|
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 400 Nm |
|
|
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Revolution Count 125 Revolutions |
|
|
• Delay Time After Engine Start 60 seconds |
|
|
• Delay Time After Enable Condition Met 10 seconds |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, |
|
|
P0274, P0277, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
180 Seconds |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
23
Group 28 P0302 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)
P0302 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 2)
DTC |
P0302 |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low (Cylinder 2) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder engine flywheel acceleration evaluation |
|
Fault Limit |
Number of misfire events per cylinder 400 out of 500 |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Average Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Number of Cylinders Misfiring < 4 Cylinders |
|
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 400 Nm |
|
|
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Revolution Count 125 Revolutions |
|
|
• Delay Time After Engine Start 60 seconds |
|
|
• Delay Time After Enable Condition Met 10 seconds |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, |
|
|
P0274, P0277, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
180 Seconds |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
24
Group 28 P0303 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)
P0303 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 3)
DTC |
P0303 |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low (Cylinder 3) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder engine flywheel acceleration evaluation |
|
Fault Limit |
Number of misfire events per cylinder 400 out of 500 |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Average Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Number of Cylinders Misfiring < 4 Cylinders |
|
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 400 Nm |
|
|
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Revolution Count 125 Revolutions |
|
|
• Delay Time After Engine Start 60 seconds |
|
|
• Delay Time After Enable Condition Met 10 seconds |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, |
|
|
P0274, P0277, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
180 Seconds |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
25
Group 28 P0304 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)
P0304 Single Cylinder Low Mass Flow Monitor (Cylinder 4)
DTC |
P0304 |
|
Component / System |
Fuel System Monitoring Injection Quantity – Low (Cylinder 4) |
|
Monitor Strategy Description |
Single cylinder engine flywheel acceleration evaluation |
|
Fault Limit |
Number of misfire events per cylinder 400 out of 500 |
|
Enable Conditions |
• Average Engine Speed 525 - 725 RPM |
|
|
• |
PTO Not Active |
|
• Number of Cylinders Misfiring < 4 Cylinders |
|
|
• Engine Torque 0 - 400 Nm |
|
|
• Vehicle Speed < 0.1 km/h |
|
|
• Revolution Count 125 Revolutions |
|
|
• Delay Time After Engine Start 60 seconds |
|
|
• Delay Time After Enable Condition Met 10 seconds |
|
|
• Ambient Air Temperature -8 - 55 °C |
|
|
• |
Barometric Pressure 75 - 105 kPa |
|
• |
Coolant Temperature > 65 °C |
Disable Conditions |
No Active DTC's: |
|
|
||
|
• |
P0117, P0115, P2229, P2226, P0340, P0335, P0262, P0265, P0268, P0271, |
|
|
P0274, P0277, P0201, P0202, P0203, P0204, P0205, P0206 |
Time Required For DTC To Be Set |
180 Seconds |
|
MIL Illumination |
2 Drive Cycles |
|
Probable Causes |
See Tech Tool |
|
26
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