MACK ECM Service Manual

ServiceManual

EngineControlModule(ECM),DiagnosticTroubleCode

(DTC),Guide

2010Emissions

CHU,CXU,GU,TD

Trucks

Group28

PV776-88961816

Foreword

Thedescriptionsandserviceprocedurescontainedinthismanualarebasedondesignsand
methodsstudiescarriedoutuptoMarch2010.

Theproductsareundercontinuousdevelopment.Vehiclesandcomponentsproducedafterthe
abovedatemaythereforehavedifferentspecicationsandrepairmethods.Whenthisisbelieved
tohaveasignicantbearingonthismanual,supplementaryservicebulletinswillbeissuedtocover
thechanges.

Theneweditionofthismanualwillupdatethechanges.

Inserviceprocedureswherethetitleincorporatesanoperationnumber ,thisisareferencetoa
LaborCode(StandardTime).

Serviceprocedureswhichdonotincludeanoperationnumberinthetitleareforgeneralinformation
andnoreferenceismadetoaLaborCode(StandardTime).

Eachsectionofthismanualcontainsspecicsafetyinformationandwarningswhichmustbe
reviewedbeforeperforminganyprocedure.Ifaprintedcopyofaprocedureismade,besureto
alsomakeaprintedcopyofthesafetyinformationandwarningsthatrelatetothatprocedure.The
followinglevelsofobservations,cautionsandwarningsareusedinthisServiceDocumentation:

Note:Indicatesaprocedure,practice,orconditionthatmustbefollowedinordertohavethe
vehicleorcomponentfunctioninthemannerintended.

Caution:Indicatesanunsafepracticewheredamagetotheproductcouldoccur.

Warning:Indicatesanunsafepracticewherepersonalinjuryorseveredamagetotheproduct

couldoccur.

Danger:Indicatesanunsafepracticewhereseriouspersonalinjuryordeathcouldoccur.

MackTrucks,Inc.

Greensboro,NCUSA

Ordernumber:PV776-88961816

Repl:

©2010MackTrucks,Inc.,Greensboro,NCUSA

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinretrievalsystem,
ortransmittedinanyformsbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingor
otherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofMackTrucks,Inc.

USA40713

Contents

DesignandFunction....................................................................................................................3

EngineControlModule(ECM)......................................................................................................3

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors............................................................................................4

Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................................22

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTroubleCodes(DTCs).....................................................22

1

2

Group28

EngineControlModule(ECM)

EngineControlModule(ECM)

DesignandFunction

Themanufacturerscantoolisthepreferredtoolfor
performingdiagnosticwork.Contactyourlocaldealerfor
moreinformationorvisit“www.premiumtechtool.com”.

SystemOverview

Sixelectroniccontrolunits(ECUs)areused;theenginecontrol
module(ECM),instrumentcontrolmodule(ICM),Vehicle
ElectronicControlUnit(VECU),transmissioncontrolmodule
(TCM),thegearselectorcontrolmodule(GSCM)andthe
aftertreatmentcontrolmodule(ACM).T ogether ,thesemodules
operateandcommunicatethroughtheSAEJ1939(CAN

1)datalinktocontrolavarietyofengineandvehiclecab
functions.TheECMcontrolssuchthingsasfueltimingand
delivery,fanoperation,engineprotectionfunctions,engine
brakeoperation,theexhaustgasrecirculation(EGR)valve
andtheturbochargernozzle.TheVECUcontrolscruise
controlfunctions,accessoryrelaycontrolsandidleshutdown
functions.TheICMprimarilydisplaysoperationalparameters
andcommunicatesthesetotheotherECUs.Allhavethe
capabilitytocommunicateovertheSAEJ1587datalink
primarilyforprogramming,diagnosticsanddatareporting.

Inadditiontotheircontrolfunctions,themoduleshaveon
boarddiagnostic(OBD)capabilities.TheOBDisdesignedto
detectfaultsorabnormalconditionsthatarenotwithinnormal
operatingparameters.Whenthesystemdetectsafaultor
abnormalcondition,thefaultwillbeloggedinoneorbothof
themodules’memory ,thevehicleoperatorwillbeadvisedthat
afaulthasoccurredbyilluminationamalfunctionindicator
lamp(MIL)andamessageinthedriverinformationdisplay ,
ifequipped.Themodulemayinitiatetheengineshutdown
procedureifthesystemdeterminesthatthefaultcoulddamage
theengine.

Note:Theuseofascantoolisnecessarytoperformdiagnostic
workaswellasclearingofanydiagnostictroublecodes
(DTCs).DTC(s)cannolongerbeclearedusingthevehicles
instrumentclusterdigitaldisplayandstalkswitchcontrol.

Theuseofascantoolisnecessarytoperformdiagnosticwork
aswellasclearingofanydiagnostictroublecodes(DTCs).
DTC(s)cannolongerbeclearedusingthevehiclesinstrument
clusterdigitaldisplayandstalkswitchcontrol.Additional
dataanddiagnostictestsareavailablewhenascantoolis
connectedtotheSerialCommunicationPort.

Fordiagnosticsoftware,contactyourlocaldealer.

TheECMisamicroprocessorbasedcontrollerprogrammed
toperformfuelinjectionquantityandtimingcontrol,diagnostic
faultlogging,andtobroadcastdatatootherECUs.Thefuel
quantityandinjectiontimingtoeachcylinderisprecisely
controlledtoobtainoptimalfueleconomyandreducedexhaust
emissionsinalldrivingsituations.

TheECMcontrolstheoperationoftheinjectors,enginebrake
solenoid,EGRvalve,turbochargernozzleposition,andcooling
fanclutchbasedoninputsfrommanysensorsandinformation
receivedoverthedatalinksfromotherECUs.

TheVECUandECMaredependentoneachothertoperform
theirspeciccontrolfunctions.Inadditiontoswitchandsensor
data,thebroadcastofdatabetweenmodulesalsoincludes
variouscalculationsandconclusionsthateachmodulehas
developed,basedontheinputinformationithasreceived.

Insomesituationswhenafaultisdetected,thesystemwill
entera"derate"mode.Thederatemodeallowscontinued
vehicleoperationbutthesystemmaysubstituteasensor
orsignalvaluethatmayresultinreducedperformance.In
someinstances,thesystemwillcontinuetofunctionbut
enginepowermaybelimitedtoprotecttheengineandvehicle.
Diagnostictroublecodes(DTCs)loggedinthesystemmemory
canlaterberead,toaidindiagnosingtheproblemusinga
diagnosticcomputerorthroughtheinstrumentclusterdisplay ,
ifequipped.WhendiagnosinganintermittentDTCorcondition,
itmaybenecessarytouseascantoolconnectedtotheSerial
CommunicationPort.

3

Group28

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

SystemElectronicControlUnit(ECU)Overview

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Theenginecontrolmodule(ECM)monitorsandmodels(using
physicalprinciples)engineparameterstomonitortheengine
system’sperformanceinrealtime.Thisisperformedtoaidthe
ECMwithitsselfdiagnosticcapabilities.Manysensorsare
usedforinputtotheemissioncontrolsystem.

Thesystemcontainsthefollowing“emissioncritical”ECUs
thataremonitored;

•EngineControlModule(ECM)

•VehicleElectronicControlUnit(VECU)

•AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)

•AftertreatmentNitrogenOxides(NOx)Sensors

•EngineV ariableGeometryTurbocharger(VGT)Smart

RemoteActuator(SRA)

MalfunctionIndicatorLamp(MIL),DescriptionandLocation

AMILlocatedintheinstrumentcluster.Thisambercolored
lampisusedtoinformthedriverthata“emissioncritical”
malfunctionsignalhasoccurred.

TheseECUsallcommunicatewiththeECMviadatalinks.The
VECUcommunicatesacrosstheSAEJ1939(CAN1)datalink
whiletheothersusetheSAEJ1939-7(CAN2)datalink.
TheOBDsystemsuseSAEJ1939datalinkprotocolfor
communicationwithscantoolsbut,MACKtrucksstillare
capableofcommunicatingviatheSAEJ1587datalinkfor
diagnostics.Theuseofascantoolisnecessarytoperform
diagnosticworkaswellasclearingofanydiagnostictrouble
codes(DTCs).DTC(s)cannolongerbeclearedusingthe
vehiclesinstrumentclusterdigitaldisplayandstalkswitch
control.

ThereareotherECUssuchastheInstrumentControlModule
(ICM),TransmissionControlModule(TCM)andAnti-lock
BrakeSystem(ABS)Modulethatprovidedatatotheemission
controlsystemorthediagnosticsystembutarenot“emission
critical”.

W2036007

4

Group28

SystemsMonitoringInformation

SectionContent

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

•“AcceleratorPedalPosition(APP)Sensor,Overview”,page

6

•“Active/intrusiveInjection(AftertreatmentHydrocarbon

DoserClogging)”,page6

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Feedback

Control”,page6

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Quality”,page

6

•“AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)”,page6

•“AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)Regeneration

Frequency”,page6

•“AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)Incomplete

Regeneration”,page6

•“AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)Regeneration

FeedbackControl”,page6

•“AftertreatmentFuelSystem,RationalityMonitors”,page7

•“AftertreatmentNon-MethaneHydroCarbons(NMHC)

Catalyst”,page7

•“AftertreatmentNitrogenOxides(NOx)Sensor(s)

Overview”,page7

•“AftertreatmentSelectiveCatalyticReduction(SCR)”,page

7

•“AftertreatmentSelectiveCatalyticReduction(SCR)

ConversionEfciency”,page7

•“AmbientAirT emperature(AAT)Sensor,Overview”,page

7

•“ChargeAirCooler(CAC)”,page8

•“CombinedMonitoring”,page8

•“CrankcaseVentilation”,page8

•“CrankcaseVentilationDiagnosticFunction”,page8

•“EngineControlModule(ECM),RationalityMonitors”,page

8

•“EngineCoolantT emperature(ECT)SensorOverview”,

page8

•“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)”,page8

•“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)LowFlow”,page8

•“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)HighFlow”,page8

•“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)SlowResponse”,page

9

•“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)FeedbackControl”,

page9

•“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)CoolerPerformance”,

page9

•“Exotherm”,page9

•“FilteringPerformance”,page9

•“FuelSystem”,page9

•“IdleSpeed,RationalityMonitors”,page9

•“IntakeManifoldPressure(IMP)ControlSystem”,page9

•“Misre”,page10

•“MissingSubstrate”,page10

•“Over-boost”,page10

•“ParkingBrakeSwitch,Overview”,page10

•“PowerTake-off(PTO)EnableSwitch,Overview”,page10

•“SAEJ1939(CAN1)DataLink,Overview”,page10

•“ThermostatMonitor”,page10

•“Time/DateOverview”,page10

•“VariableGeometryTurbocharger(VGT)Feedback

Control”,page10

•“VehicleSpeedSensor(VSS),Overview”,page11

•“Under-boost”,page11

•“VariableGeometryTurbocharger(VGT)SlowResponse”,

page11

5

Group28

AcceleratorPedalPosition(APP)Sensor,Overview

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

TheAPPsensorinputisananalogvoltagesignalproportional
tothepedalpositionthatisreadbythevehicleelectronic
controlunit(VECU).Theangularpositionofthepedalis
dividedinthreedifferentareasusedforfaultdetection
and/orrecovery.Thevaluethatistransmittedundernormal

Active/intrusiveInjection(AftertreatmentHydrocarbonDoserClogging)

Thisdiagnosticisbasedonthecheckingtheaftertreatment
dieselparticulatelter(DPF)intaketemperatureduring
aftertreatmentDPFactiveparkedregenerationcycles.If
theaftertreatmentDPFintaketemperaturedoesnotreacha

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)FeedbackControl

TheaftertreatmentDEFcontrolconsistsofafeedforward
controltogetherwithafeedbackcontrol.Thefeedforward
controlvalueishowmuchureathatmustbeinjectedinorder

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Quality

AftertreatmentDEFqualityisevaluatedanddetermined
throughconversionefciency .IftheaftertreatmentSCR
systemefciencyisbelowthespeciedlimit,afaultisreported.

AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)

conditions(valueof0-100%),isdirectlyproportionaltothe
pedal’sangularposition.Thephysicalacceleratorassembly
alsosupportsadigitalDCvoltage(On/Off)generatedbyan
idlevalidation(IV)switchthatisalsopoweredbythesame
regulatedreferencevoltagesource.

minimumregenerationtemperaturewithinaspeciedtime
thentheaftertreatmenthydrocarbondoserisconsideredto
beclogged.

toobtainthedemandednitrogenoxides(NOx)conversion
efciency.Thefeedbackcontrolstheammonia(NH3)bufferin
theaftertreatmentselectivecatalyticreduction(SCR).

TheaftertreatmentDPFcollectsparticulateandsootin
aceramicwall-owsubstrate.Thestrategytomanage
theaccumulationofsootistotakeadvantageofnatural
aftertreatmentDPFpassiveregenerationwheneverpossible,

andtoinvokeanoperatingmodethatenhancesaftertreatment
DPFpassiveregenerationwhennecessary.Aftertreatment
DPFactiveregenerationisperformedusinganaftertreatment
hydrocarbondoser.

AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)RegenerationFrequency

ThisfunctiondetectsiftheaftertreatmentDPFregeneration
frequencyincreasestoalevelthatitwouldcausethe
non-methanehydrocarbon(NMHC)emissionstoexceed
thelegallimitationorifthefrequencyexceedsthedesign

requirements.IfthenumberofaftertreatmentDPF
regenerationsareabovethethresholdattheendofthetime
periodafaultisreported.

AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)IncompleteRegeneration

TheaftertreatmentDPFregenerationstrategyistoreducethe
sootlevelintheDPFusingpassiveregeneration.However,
ifthedrivingconditionsdonotenableenoughexhaustheat
forpassiveregenerationtokeepupwiththesootloadingan
activeparkedaftertreatmentDPFregenerationwillberequired.

AninterruptedparkedaftertreatementDPFregeneration
isdetectedbythisfunction.Thisisnotafaultmodebut
handledbytheaftertreatmentsystem.Iftheratiobetween
theuncompletedandcompletedregenerationsisabovethe
speciedlimit,afaultisreported.

AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)RegenerationFeedbackControl

Thisfunctionmonitorstheparticulatematterregeneration
feedbackcontrolanddetects:

notbereachedoriftheactuatorissaturatedmorethanagiven
percentageofthetime.

•Ifthesystemfailstobeginfeedbackcontrol

•Ifafailureordeteriorationcausesopenloop

•Ifthefeedbackcontrolhasusedupalloftheallowed

adjustment

Whentheaftertreatmenthydrocarbondoserisused,the
feedbackcontrolismonitoredforasaturatedcontrollerora
saturatedactuator.Asaturatedcontrolleroractuatormeans
thatallallowedadjustmenthasbeenusedup.Themonitors
detectamalfunctionifthecontrollerissaturatedmorethana
givenpercentageofthetimeandthetargettemperaturecan

6

Group28

AftertreatmentFuelSystem,RationalityMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Theaftertreatmentfuelsystemconsistsofaaftertreatmentfuel
shutoffvalve,aseparateaftertreatmenthydrocarbondoser
(injector),andanaftertreatmentfuelpressuresensor.The
aftertreatmentfuelshutoffvalvediagnosticfunctionlookatthe
aftertreatmentfuelpressurewhenthevalveisopenedand
closed.Whenconditionsareproperforthediagnostic,the
functionrequestsanopeningoftheaftertreatmentfuelshutoff
valveinordertopressurizetheaftertreatmentfuelsystem.

AftertreatmentNon-MethaneHydroCarbons(NMHC)Catalyst

Todetectwhenthehydrocarbonconversionfailsinthe
aftertreatmentdieseloxidationcatalyst(DOC),thetemperature
reactionattheaftertreatmentDOCoutletismonitoredwhen
fuelisinjectedintheexhaust.Theamountofhydrocarbon
suppliedbytheaftertreatmenthydrocarbondoserwill
determinetheexpectedincreaseintemperatureafterthe
aftertreatmentDOC.Theaftertreatmenthydrocarbondoser

AftertreatmentNitrogenOxides(NOx)Sensor(s)Overview

TheNOxsensorsconsistof:

•Housingholdingthesensingelement.

•Anelectroniccontrolunit(ECU),interfacingthesensorand

theenginecontrolmodule(ECM).

•Awire,electricallyconnectingthesensingelementwith

theECU.

TherearetwoaftertreatmentNOxsensors,onebeforeand
oneaftertheaftertreatmentselectivecatalyticreduction(SCR)
catalyst.TheaftertreatmentNOxsensorbeforeandafterSCR
catalysthaveuniqueCANidenticationnumbershencecan
notbeswapped.ThesensorbeforetheSCRcatalystmonitors
theengineoutNOxlevel.ThesensorafterSCRmonitors
systemoutNOxlevel.

Thisactionshouldincreasesystempressure.Whenthe
aftertreatmentfuelshutoffvalveisclosedthesystempressure
shoulddecreasesincethevalvehasaninternaldrainpipethat
constantlydepressurizesthesystem.Formoreinformation
aboutthesecomponentsreferto
Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,page16,“AftertreatmentFuel
ShutoffValve,CircuitMonitors”,page16or
HydrocarbonDoser,CircuitMonitors”,page16.

injectionrate(dutycycle)ismonitoredandusedtocalculate
whetherthereshouldbeacorrespondingheatreaction.
Onceithasreachedanacceptableaccumulateddutycycle
theexpectedtemperaturedifferencecanbecalculated.
Thisdifferenceshouldthenbeaboveacertainlimitifthe
hydrocarbonconversionwasachieved.

AftertreatmentNOxsensordiagnosticsmonitorthesensors
signalqualityandperformance.Thepurposeofthisfunctionis
todetectthefollowing,

“AftertreatmentFuelPressure

“Aftertreatment

•Badsignalquality

•Removedsensor

•Missingsignal

CircuitintegrityoftheaftertreatmentNOxsensorischecked
bythesensoritselfandthestatusistransmittedtotheengine
controlmodule(ECM)overtheCANdatalink.Thefollowing
canbetransmitted,

•opencircuit

•highvoltage

•circuitloworhigh

AftertreatmentSelectiveCatalyticReduction(SCR)

TheaftertreatmentSCRsystemisacatalystsystemthatis
usedtoreduceexhaustNitrogenOxides(NOx)emissions.
Thisreductionisperformedbyinjectingdieselexhaustuid
(DEF)(aureasolution)intotheexhaustfumespriortothe
aftertreatmentSCRcatalyst.Achemicalprocessperformed
byaftertreatmentSCRcatalystandDEF ,convertsNOxto

AftertreatmentSelectiveCatalyticReduction(SCR)ConversionEfciency

TheaftertreatmentSCRcatalystdiagnosiscalculatesthelow
temperatureperformanceoftheaftertreatmentSCRsystem
andcomparesittotheperformancewhenthecatalystis
warmenoughtoreachhighnitrogenoxides(NOx)conversion.

AmbientAirTemperature(AAT)Sensor,Overview

TheAATsensorisananaloginputthatisreadbythe
instrumentclusterelectroniccontrolunit.Theinstrument
clusterprocessestherawsignalandtransmitstheAA Tvalue
ontheSAEJ1939datalink.Thevehicleelectroniccontrolunit
(VECU)receivestheAA Tvalueandbasedoncertainvehicle
conditionsthevalueisadjusted.TheVECUthentransmits

nitrogenoxide(NO)andwater(H2O).Theaftertreatment
controlmodule(ACM)isusedtocontroltheaftertreatment
SCRcomponentsandrelayssysteminformationtotheEngine
ControlModule(ECM).TheECMcontrolstheoverallsystem
function.

Thisisbasedonthepremisethatadeterioratedcatalystcan
beconsideredasacatalystwithlessvolume.Thevolume
iscriticaltoreachthelowtemperatureperformanceofthe
aftertreatmentSCRsystem.

theAATvaluebackontheSAEJ1939datalinkwhereitis
receivedbytheenginecontrolmodule(ECM).

7

Group28

ChargeAirCooler(CAC)

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

ThenominalCACefciencyisamapbasedonmassairow
(MAF)andambientairtemperature(AAT).Themethodto
evaluatetheCACefciencyistocompareanominalCAC

CombinedMonitoring

Cylinderbalancingfunctionisusedtodetectfuelsystem
pressure,quantityandtimingfault.Byprocessingthetooth
timescylinderbalancingdetectsifthecombustionpower
contributionfromoneorseveralcylindersistooweekortoo
strongandneedtobecompensatedtogetevencombustion

CrankcaseVentilation

Thecrankcasepressure(CCP)dependsontheblow-byow
andtheunderpressuregeneratedbytheseparator.Blow-by
gasescomemainlyfromthecombustionwhenexhaustgas
passesthepistonrings.Amalfunctioningofthevalveguides,

CrankcaseVentilationDiagnosticFunction

Whenthehighspeedseparatorenablingconditionsexist,
theminimumvalueofthedifferencebetweencrankcaseand
barometricpressure(BARO)duringatimeperiodisstored.

EngineControlModule(ECM),RationalityMonitors

IfelectricalpowertotheECMislostorverylow,theECMwill
stoptofunctioningandtheenginewillstop.Otherelectronic

efciencywithonecalculatedbasedontheexhaustgas
recirculation(EGR)andtheintakeairtemperature(IA T)sensor
alongwiththeircorrespondingmassows.

powerfromallcylinders.Thecompensationiscalculatedat
thelowerenginespeed(RPM)andtorqueregionsduringwarm
enginewheretheimpactfromeachcombustionbecomesmost
visible.Ifthecompensationbecomestoohighortoolowfault
isdetected.

ortheturbochargercanalsocontribute.Theblow-bygases
consistofexhaustgasesmixedwithoil.Ahighspeedrotating
separatorisusedtoexpelengineoilfromthesegases.

Thesystemperformshighspeedandlowspeedevaluationsof
theseparatortoconcludeifthesystemistight.

controlunits(ECUs)ontheSAEJ1939(CAN1)datalinkwill
indicatethatdatafromtheECUismissing.

EngineCoolantT emperature(ECT)SensorOverview

TheECTsensorismonitoredforrationalityatkeyONby
comparingtheECTwiththeotherenginetemperaturesensors
(engineoiltemperature(EOT)andengineturbocharger
compressoroutlettemperature).Usingthiscomparisonthe
followingconclusionsmaybemadewhenaproblemoccurs:

•UnabletoreachClosedloop/FeedbackenableT emperature

(coveredbythermostatwarmeduptemperature)

•TimetoreachClosedloop/FeedbackenableT emperature

(coveredbythermostatwarmeduptemperature)

ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)

US2010emissionlevelMACKenginesuseEGRtoenhance
engineoutNitrogenOxides(NOx)control.EGRowis
managedusinganEGRvalveandaV ariableGeometry
Turbocharger(VGT)nozzleposition.Theseactuatorsettings
arebasedonopenloopsettingsestablishedtoachieve

ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)LowFlow

ThisfunctionmonitorsthereductionofEGRowintheEGR
system,i.e.toolowEGRmassowcomparedwithdemand.It
isactivatedwhentheengineenterstheburnedfractionmode

•StuckinarangebelowthehighestminimumEnable

temperature

•StuckinaRangeAbovetheLowestmaximumEnable

temperature-RationalityCheck

Whentheengineisused,thethreetemperaturesarenot
thesameanddependingonhowfasttheengineisrestarted
normaldifferenceswillbefound.Whenthesedifferencesand
theambientairtemperature(AAT)exceedsalimit,thefault
limitsareadjustedinordertoallowthesedifferences.

desiredburnedfractionrates.Thesesettingscanbemodied
inaclosedloopburnedfractionmodebyfeedbackfroma
combustionpropertymodel.TheEGRsystemisdiagnosedby
monitoringtheburnedfractionwhenevertheengineenters
burnedfractionclosedloopmode.

withminimumdemandforBFandtheenginespeed/torqueis
inarangewhereEGRowmeasurementsandBFcalculations
havesufcientaccuracy.

ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)HighFlow

ThisfunctiondiagnosestoomuchEGRinthesystem,i.e.too
highEGRmassowcomparedwiththedemand.Thisfunction
handlespositivedeviationswhenEGRclosedloopcontrolis
active.WhenclosedloopEGRcontrolisentered,aninitial
differencebetweenmeasuredburnedfractionandburned

8

fractiondemandmightexist.Duetothefactthatsometime
isneededforadaptation,notallthedifferenceistakeninto
account.

Group28

ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)SlowResponse

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Asdescribedin“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)LowFlow”,
page8and“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)HighFlow”,
page8,thedeviationbetweenthedemandedandmeasured

ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)FeedbackControl

Thisfunctiondetects:

•Ifanyofthefeedbackcontrolloopsarenotachieved.

ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)CoolerPerformance

Thisfunctionusesanequationbasedoffofengine
turbochargerturbineintaketemperature,EGRtemperature
andtheenginecoolanttemperature(ECT),tocalculatecooler

Exotherm

Exotherm,exothermicorexothermalallrefertoachemical
changethatisaccompaniedbyagreatreleaseofheat.
Theaftertreatmentheatingfunctionusestheaftertreatment
hydrocarbondoser,toheatuptheexhaustsystemforparked
aftertreatmentdieselparticulatelter(DPF)regeneration.
Whentheaftertreatmenthydrocarbondoserisusedthe
hydrocarbons(HC)createanexothermintheaftertreatment

burnedfractionaremonitoredwhenEGRclosedloopcontrol
isactive.Slowresponseisdetectedwhenthedeviation
(high/low)abovethethresholdisdetected.

•Iffeedbackcontrolmodeisinhibited.

efciency.Thecalculatedefciencyisdeemedtoolowifitis
belowacertainconstantlimit.

dieseloxidationcatalyst(DOC).Theaftertreatment
hydrocarbondoserinjectionrate(dutycycle)ismonitoredand
usedtocalculatewhetherthereshouldbeacorresponding
exotherm.Astartingtemperaturevalueissetwhenthe
aftertreatmenthydrocarbondoserstartstoinjectfuel.Assoon
asthemodelsaysthatexothermshouldoccur,thedifference
iscalculatedtoidentifywhetherithasoccurred.

FilteringPerformance

Amalfunctionoftheaftertreatmentdieselparticulatelter
(DPF)canbedetectedbyanalysingthepressuredropoverthe
aftertreatmentDPF .DuringtheaftertreatmentDPFevaluation,

FuelSystem

TheD13Lengineusesaunitinjectorsystem(asopposed
toarailinjectorsystem)toinjectfuelinthecylinders.The
unitinjectorsarenotequippedwithanypressuresensors
andthereforeitisnotpossibletomeasurefuelpressure.
Diagnosticsofthefuelinjectionsystemisdoneusingthe

IdleSpeed,RationalityMonitors

Thetargetidleenginespeed(RPM)andfuelinjectionquantity
aremonitoredintheidlecontrolsystem.Thediagnosis
monitorscomparethemeasuredenginespeed(RPM)
(averagedovereachenginecycle)andtargetidleengine
speed(RPM).Theaccumulateddifferenceisaveragedovera
numberofrevolutions.Iftheaverageddifferenceisaboveor

IntakeManifoldPressure(IMP)ControlSystem

AIMPsensorlocatedintheintakemanifoldisusedto
measureIMP .TheIMPsystemismonitoredbycomparing
target/estimatedIMPwithactualmeasuredpressureduring
certainenginespeed(RPM)orload.
Thetarget/estimatedIMPiscontinuouslycalculatedbasedon
enginespeedandfuelangleandadjustedfortheinuenceof
variablegeometryturbocharger(VGT)nozzleposition,exhaust
gasrecirculation(EGR)positionandbarometricpressure
(BARO).

thelowerandupperlimitingvaluesofthemeasuredpressure
droparecalculated.Ifthepressuredropislowerorhigher
thanexpectedafaultindicationoccurs.

crankshaftposition(CKP)sensor.Theywheelofthe
enginehasslotsmachinedat6degreeintervalsaroundits
circumference.Threegapswheretwoslotsaremissing,are
equallyspacedarounditscircumferencealso.Thethreegaps
areusedtoidentifythenextcylinderinringorder.

belowthedenedfaultlimits,diagnostictroublecodes(DTCs)
willbesetforhighfaultandforlowfault,respectively.
Thesameholdstrueforthefuelquantity.Theaccumulated
fuelvalueisaveragedoveranumberofrevolutions.Ifthe
averageddifferenceisabove,DTCswillbesetforhighfault.

9

Group28

Misre

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

ThemisremonitorisdisabledduringPowerTakeOff(PTO)
operation.Itisactiveduringpositivebraketorque,idle,and
highidle.Enginemisreeventsaremonitoredbymeasuring
toothtimesonthecrankwheelthatindicatescombustion
accelerationineachcylinder.Itisalsopossibletocomparethe
previousaccelerationcontributiononeachcylinderinorderto
examineiftherehasbeenamisreornot.

MissingSubstrate

Theaftertreatmentdieselparticulatelter(DPF)is
backpressuremonitored.Thismonitoringisusedtodetermine

Over-boost

Ifthemeasuredintakemanifoldpressure(IMP)isoverthe
deviationupperlimitthenthehighboostaveragecalculationis
positive.IfthemeasuredIMPisbelowthedeviationupperlimit

ParkingBrakeSwitch,Overview

Theparkingbrakeswitchisapressureswitchthatisphysically
connectedtothevehicle’sparkingbrakepneumaticcircuitand
isusedtodetermineiftheparkingbrakeisappliedorreleased.
Theparkingbrakeswitchsignalisreceivedbythevehicle
electroniccontrolunit(VECU).Whenthevehicle’sparking

Aftermonitoringmisreeventsduringidleconditionsforthe
accumulationoflessthan15seconds,thepercentageof
misreisevaluated.Ifthepercentageofmisreexceedsthe
thresholdlimit,themisrediagnostictroublecode(DTC)will
besetforthefault.

whethertheaftertreatmentDPFiseitherclogged,missingor
signicantlycracked.

thenthehighboostintegrationisnegative.Iftheintegrated
valueexceedsthemaximumlimitafaultforhighIMPisset.

brakeisappliedagroundsignalisappliedtotheinputandthe
VECUacknowledgestheparkingbrakeasbeingapplied.The
parkingbrakeswitchsignalisprovidedtotheenginecontrol
module(ECM)viatheSAEJ1939datalink.

PowerTake-off(PTO)EnableSwitch,Overview

ThePTOenableswitchisaninputthatisreadbythevehicle
electroniccontrolunit(VECU).When12Visappliedtothe
inputtheVECUacknowledgesthePTOfunctionisbeing

SAEJ1939(CAN1)DataLink,Overview

Communicationbetweentheelectroniccontrolunits(ECUs)is
performedviathevehicle’sSAEJ1939(CAN1)datalinkandis
accessiblefordiagnosticsthroughthevehicle’sSAEJ1939-13
datalinkconnector(DLC).Thisdatalinkisthemainpowertrain
communicationbus.

ThermostatMonitor

Thisfeaturemonitorsandcomparestheenginecoolant
temperature(ECT),enginespeed(RPM),enginetorque,fan

Time/DateOverview

Thetimeanddateiscalculatedfromaninternalclockwithin
theinstrumentcluster.Theinternalclockisbackedupby
aninternalbatterythereforethetimeanddateisretained
evenwhenvehiclebatterysupplytotheinstrumentclusteris

commandedon.ThePTOEnableswitchsignalisprovided
totheenginecontrolmodule(ECM)fromtheVECUbyvia
theSAEJ1939datalink.

Diagnostictroublecodes(DTCs)aresetforthisdatalinkwhen
anECUisfoundtonotbecommunicatingorrecognizedonthe
datalink(offbusmode)orwhenthereisanabnormalrateof
occurrenceoferrorsonthedatalink.

speedandambientairtemperature(AA T)toconcludewhen
thethermostatmaybestuckopenorclosed.

removed.Thetimeanddatesignalisprovidedtotheengine
controlmodule(ECM)fromtheinstrumentclusterviatheSAE
J1939datalink.

VariableGeometryTurbocharger(VGT)FeedbackControl

Thisfunctiondetects:

Ifanyofthefeedbackcontrolloopsarenotachieved.

Iffeedbackcontrolmodeisinhibited.

Iftheactuatorshaveusedupalltheadjustmentallowedwhen
infeedbackmode.

10

Group28

VehicleSpeedSensor(VSS),Overview

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Thevehicleroadspeediscalculatedbythevehicleelectronic
controlunit(VECU).Thesourceforcalculatingvehicleroad
speedcanbederivedfrommultiplesourcesdependingon
vehicleequipment.Sometrucksmayuseadedicatedspeed

Under-boost

Ifthemeasuredintakemanifoldpressure(IMP)islessthanthe
deviationlowerlimitthenthelowboostaveragecalculationis
negative.IfthemeasuredIMPisabovethedeviationlower

VariableGeometryTurbocharger(VGT)SlowResponse

TheVGTactuatorreportsafaulttotheenginecontrolmodule
(ECM)whenithasdetectedthattheVGTnozzleisnot
moving,orifithasnotbeenabletoclosetheset-pointerrorto
acceptablelimits.

sensor(whichmaybeinductiveorhalleffecttype)andsome
mayusethetransmissionoutputshaftspeed(OSS)sensor
signalwhichiscommunicatedacrosstheSAEJ1939datalink.

limitthenthelowboostintegrationispositive.Iftheintegrated
valuebecomeslessthantheminimumlimitafaultforlowIMP
isset.

11

Group28

SensorandComponentInformation

SectionContent

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

•“AcceleratorPedalPosition(APP)Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,

page14

•“AcceleratorPedalPosition(APP)Sensor,Rationality

Monitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM),Rationality

Monitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)5VoltSupply1,

CircuitMonitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)5VoltSupply2,

CircuitMonitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)ActuatorSupply

Voltage1,CircuitMonitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)ActuatorSupply

Voltage2,CircuitMonitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)DosingValve,

CircuitMonitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)DosingValve,

RationalityMonitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Pressure

Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,page14

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Pressure

Sensor,RationalityMonitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Pump,Circuit

Monitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Pump,

RationalityMonitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)ReturnValue,

CircuitMonitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)ReturnValve,

RationalityMonitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)T ankHeater

Valve,CircuitMonitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)T ankHeater

Valve,RationalityMonitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)T ank

TemperatureSensor,CircuitMonitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)T ank

TemperatureSensor,RationalityMonitors”,page15

•“AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF),Differential

PressureSensor,CircuitMonitoring”,page15

•“AftertreatementDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)Differential

PressureSensor,RationalityMonitors”,page16

•“AftertreatmentFuelPressureSensor,CircuitMonitors”,

page16

•“AftertreatmentFuelShutoffValve,CircuitMonitors”,page

16

•“AftertreatmentHydrocarbonDoser,CircuitMonitors”,page

16

12

•“AftertreatmentNitrogenOxides(NOx)Sensors,Circuit

Monitors”,page16

•“AftertreatmentNitrogenOxides(NOx)Sensors,Rationality

Monitors”,page16

•“AmbientAirTemperature(AAT)Sensor ,CircuitMonitors”,

page16

•“AmbientAirT emperature(AA T)Sensor,Rationality

Monitors”,page16

•“BarometricPressure(Baro)SensorCircuitMonitoring”,

page16

•“BarometricPressure(BARO)SensorRationalityMonitors”,

page16

•“CamshaftPosition(CMP)Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,page

17

•“CamshaftPosition(CMP)Sensor,RationalityMonitors”,

page17

•“CrankcasePressure(CCP)Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,

page17

•“CrankcasePressure(CCP)Sensor,RationalityMonitors”,

page17

•“CrankshaftPosition(CKP)Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,page

17

•“CrankshaftPosition(CKP)Sensor,RationalityMonitors”,

page17

•“EngineControlModule(ECM)5VoltSupplyA,Circuit

Monitors”,page17

•“EngineControlModule(ECM)5VoltSupplyB,Circuit

Monitors”,page17

•“EngineCoolantT emperature(ECT)Sensor,Circuit

Monitors”,page17

•“EngineCoolantT emperature(ECT)Sensor,Rationality

Monitors”,page17

•“EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR),Differential

PressureSensor,CircuitMonitoring”,page17

•“EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR),Differential

PressureSensor,RationalityMonitors”,page18

•“EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)T emperature

Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,page18

•“EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)T emperature

Sensor,RationalityMonitors”,page18

•“EngineExhaustGasTemperature(EGT)Sensors,Circuit

Monitors”,page18

Group28

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

•“EngineExhaustGasT emperature(EGT)Sensors,

RationalityMonitors”,page18

•“EngineTurbochargerCompressorBypassValveSolenoid,

CircuitMonitors”,page18

•“EngineTurbochargerCompressorBypassValveSolenoid,

RationalityMonitors”,page18

•“EngineTurbochargerCompressorOutletT emperature

Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,page18

•“EngineTurbochargerCompressorOutletT emperature

Sensor,RationalityMonitors”,page18

•“EngineTurbochargerSpeedSensor,CircuitMonitors”,

page19

•“EngineTurbochargerSpeedSensor,RationalityMonitors”,

page19

•“EngineVariableGeometryTurbocharger(VGT)Actuator

Position,CircuitMonitors”,page19

•“EngineVariableGeometryTurbocharger(VGT)Actuator

Position,RationalityMonitors”,page19

•“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)ValveActuator,Circuit

Monitors”,page19

•“ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)ValveActuator,

RationalityMonitors”,page19

•“Fan,CircuitMonitors”,page19

•“Fan,RationalityMonitors”,page19

•“Injector,CircuitMonitors”,page20

•“IntakeAirTemperature(IAT)Sensor,CircuitMonitors”,

page20

•“IntakeAirT emperature(IAT)Sensor ,RationalityMonitors”,

page20

•“IntakeManifoldPressure(IMP)SensorCircuitMonitoring”,

page20

•“IntakeManifoldPressure(IMP)SensorRationality

Monitors”,page20

•“Injector,RationalityMonitors”,page20

•“ParkingBrakeSwitch,CircuitMonitors”,page20

•“ParkingBrakeSwitch,RationalityMonitors”,page20

•“PowerT ake-off(PTO)EnableSwitch,CircuitMonitors”,

page20

•“PowerT ake-off(PTO)EnableSwitch,Rationality

Monitors”,page20

•“SAEJ1939(CAN1)DataLink,CircuitMonitors”,page21

•“SAEJ1939(CAN1)DataLink,RationalityMonitors”,page

21

•“SAEJ1939(CAN2)DataLink,Overview”,page21

•“SAEJ1939(CAN2)DataLink,CircuitMonitors”,page21

•“SAEJ1939(CAN2)DataLink,RationalityMonitors”,page

21

•“Time/Date,CircuitMonitoring”,page21

•“Time/Date,RationalityMonitoring”,page21

•“VehicleSpeedSensor(VSS),CircuitMonitors”,page21

•“VehicleSpeedSensor(VSS),RationalityMonitors”,page

21

13

Group28

AcceleratorPedalPosition(APP)Sensor,CircuitMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Bothsignalsarecontinuouslymonitored(sampled)bythe
vehicleelectroniccontrolunit(VECU)at50msintervalsto
detectanydistortionordisruptionofthesesignals.Signals
detectedasinvalidforaperiodextendingover500mstrigger
activefaultsthatarebroadcastbytheVECU.TheAPPsensor
circuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

AcceleratorPedalPosition(APP)Sensor,RationalityMonitors

Thevehicleelectroniccontrolunit(VECU)simultaneously
readstheAPPsensorandtheidlevalidation(IV)switchvalues
andperformingaplausibilitytoverifysensorperformance.

AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM),RationalityMonitors

IfelectricalpowertotheACMislostorverylowtheACMwill
stopfunctioning.Aftertreatmentdieselexhaustuid(DEF)
dosingwillstop.Theenginecontrolmodule(ECM)willloga

AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)5VoltSupply1,CircuitMonitors

TheACM5voltsupply“1”circuitismonitoredtoidentifythe
following:

•Circuitlow

AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)5VoltSupply2,CircuitMonitors

•Circuitopen

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

diagnostictroublecode(DTC)indicatingSAEJ1939datalink
(subdatalinkCAN2)communicationsfromtheACMismissing.

•Circuithigh

Wheneitherfaultisdetectedthesupplyisdisabled.

TheACM5voltsupply“2”circuitismonitoredtoidentifythe
following:

•Circuitlow

AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)ActuatorSupplyV oltage1,CircuitMonitors

TheACMactuatorsupplyvoltage“1”circuitismonitoredto
identifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Circuithigh

Whencircuithighorcircuitlowfaultsaredetectedthesupplyis
disabled.

•Circuithigh

Whencircuithighorcircuitlowfaultsaredetectedthesupplyis
disabled.

•Circuitlow

AftertreatmentControlModule(ACM)ActuatorSupplyV oltage2,CircuitMonitors

TheACMactuatorsupplyvoltage“2”circuitismonitoredto
identifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Circuithigh

Whencircuithighorcircuitlowfaultsaredetectedthesupplyis
disabled.

•Circuitlow

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)DosingValve,CircuitMonitors

TheaftertreatmentDEFdosingvalvecircuitsaremonitored
toidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitopen

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)DosingValve,RationalityMonitors

TheaftertreatmentDEFpumpcontrolvalueismonitoredwhen
theaftertreatmentDEFdosingvalvedutycyclehasbeen
aboveapredeterminedthreshold,forashortduration.Ifthe

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)PressureSensor,CircuitMonitors

TheaftertreatmentDEFpressuresensorcircuitsaremonitored
toidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen/circuithigh

14

controlvalueistoolowadiagnostictroublecode(DTC)isset.
Thisindicatesacloggeddosingvalveorblockedaftertreatment
DEFline.

•Outofrangelow

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

Group28

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)PressureSensor,RationalityMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Duringpressurebuildup(aftertreatmentDEFpumpruns
withmaximumspeedwithnodosing)ifselectivecatalytic
reduction(SCR)systempressurestayslowforapreset
duration,adiagnostictroublecode(DTC)isset.Pressureis

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Pump,CircuitMonitors

TheaftertreatmentDEFpumpcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentify
thefollowing:

•Circuitopen

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)Pump,RationalityMonitors

TheaftertreatmentDEFpumpgetsasignalfortherequired
pumpspeedfromtheaftertreatmentcontrolmodule(ACM).
Thepumphasinternaldiagnosiswhichevaluatesthepump
speedquality.Ifthepumpspeeddeviatesfromcommanded
speedforsometimeadiagnostictroublecode(DTC)isset.

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)ReturnValue,CircuitMonitors

TheaftertreatmentDEFreturnvalvecircuitsaremonitored
toidentifythefollowing:

alsoevaluatedduringnormaloperationwithaftertreatment
DEFpumpturnedoff.Ifthepressureistoohighforapreset
durationaDTCisset

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Batteryvoltage

TheaftertreatmentDEFreturnvalueismonitoredduring
specicconditionstoidentifyifaleakinthesystemis
present.ADTCissetifaleakconditionisidentied.The
leakcanbeinvisible(internaltothepumporvalve)orvisible
(aftertreatmentDEFlinesorconnections).

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitopen

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)ReturnValve,RationalityMonitors

DuringreverseDEFowconditionsonapressurizedselective
catalyticreduction(SCR)system,pressuredropisevaluated.
IfDEFpressuredropistoolow,theaftertreatmentDEFreturn

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)T ankHeaterValve,CircuitMonitors

TheaftertreatmentDEFtankheatervalvecircuitsare
monitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

valveisconsideredtohaveamechanicalfault(blockedor
stuck)andadiagnostictroublecode(DTC)isset.

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitopen

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)TankHeaterValve,RationalityMonitors

AftertreatmentDEFtankheatervalvediagnosticsevaluatesif
tankheateristakingplace,whendemanded.Acomparison
ofaninitialaftertreatmentDEFtanktemperaturewithout
heatingandthenatanktemperaturewithaftertreatmentDEF

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)TankTemperatureSensor,CircuitMonitors

TheaftertreatmentDEFtanktemperaturesensorcircuitsare
monitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen/circuithigh

AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid(DEF)TankTemperatureSensor,RationalityMonitors

AftertreatementDEFtanktemperatureischeckedforhigh
frequencyoscillationswithhighamplitudethatissolarge
thatisphysicallyimpossibleforatemperaturetoachieve.A
faultissetwhenthisbehaviorisobserved.Aftertreatement
DEFtanktemperaturediagnosticsisalsoevaluatingifthe

tankheatervalveopenforsomedurationisperformed.If
theincreaseintemperatureissmallerthanthethreshold,a
diagnostictroublecode(DTC)isset.

•Outofrangelow

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

aftertreatementDEFtemperatureistoohighandwillactivate
reverseow(toprotectaftertreatmentselectivecatalytic
reduction(SCR)systemcomponents)andatimerisstarted.If
thetemperaturestayshighforashortduration,afaultisset.

AftertreatmentDieselParticulateFilter(DPF),DifferentialPressureSensor,CircuitMonitoring

TheaftertreatmentDPFdifferentialpressuresensorcircuits
aremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuithigh

•Circuitopen

•Circuitlow

15

Group28

AftertreatementDieselParticulateFilter(DPF)DifferentialPressureSensor,RationalityMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Theevaluationofthepressure-dropsensoriscarriedoutas
follows.Whenthepressuremodelindicatesalowpressurethe
sensorshouldalsoshowalowpressureotherwisethereisa
(large)positiveoffsetfault.Combiningthiswithacheckthat

AftertreatmentFuelPressureSensor,CircuitMonitors

Theaftertreatmentfuelpressuresensorcircuitsaremonitored
toidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Outofrangelow

AftertreatmentFuelShutoffValve,CircuitMonitors

Theaftertreatmentfuelshutoffvalvecircuitsaremonitored
toidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

AftertreatmentHydrocarbonDoser,CircuitMonitors

Theaftertreatmenthydrocarbondosercircuitsaremonitored
toidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

AftertreatmentNitrogenOxides(NOx)Sensors,CircuitMonitors

TheNOxsensorscircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythe
following:

•opencircuit

thesensorshowshighvalueswhenthemodelishighgivesa
sensorstuckcheck.Thesecondstepcanalsond(large)
negativeoffsetfaults.

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•highvoltage

•circuitloworhigh

AftertreatmentNitrogenOxides(NOx)Sensors,RationalityMonitors

Therearetwodifferentmonitorswhichdiagnoseaftertreatment
NOxsensorrationality .Onecomparestheaftertreatment
intakeNOxsensorvaluetoacalculatedengineNOxoutput
value.Thisisonlyperformwithinagivensetofpredetermined
conditions.IftheNOxsensorvalueisnotdeemedwithin
range,afaultyisset.

AmbientAirT emperature(AAT)Sensor,CircuitMonitors

TheAA Tsensorcircuitsaremonitoredbytheinstrument
clustermoduletoidentifythefollowing:

•Currentbelownormaloropen

AmbientAirT emperature(AAT)Sensor,RationalityMonitors

Plausibilityofthesensorvalueisdeterminedbycomparingthe
AATwiththeintakeairtemperature(IA T).

BarometricPressure(Baro)SensorCircuitMonitoring

TheBAROsensorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythe
following:

•Circuitlow

BarometricPressure(BARO)SensorRationalityMonitors

TheothercomparestheaftertreatmentintakeNOxsensor
valuetotheaftertreatmentoutletNOxsensorvalueto
determinerationality.Thisisonlyperformwithinagivensetof
predeterminedconditions.IfeitheroftheaftertreatmentNOx
sensorvaluesaredeemednotplausible,adiagnosticfaulty
code(DTC)isset.

•Currentabovenormalorgrounded

NoneoftheAATsensorcircuitsaremonitoredbytheECM
ortheVECU.

•Circuithigh

•Circuitopen

TheBAROsensor ,intakemanifoldpressure(IMP)sensor,
andcrankcasepressure(CCP)sensorshouldshowthesame
pressurewhenenginespeed(RPM)andtorqueislow.The
diagnosiscalculatesthedifferencebetween:

•BAROandIMP

16

•BAROandCCP

•IMPandCCP

Thesecomparisonsareusedtoidentifydefects.

Group28

CamshaftPosition(CMP)Sensor,CircuitMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

TheCMPsensorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

CamshaftPosition(CMP)Sensor,RationalityMonitors

TheCMPsensorismonitoredbycomparingit’soutputsignal
totheoutputsignalofthecrankshaftposition(CMP)sensor.
ThiscomparisonisusedtoidentifyabnormalCKPandCMP

CrankcasePressure(CCP)Sensor,CircuitMonitors

TheCCPcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Outofrangelow

CrankcasePressure(CCP)Sensor,RationalityMonitors

TheBAROsensor ,intakemanifoldpressure(IMP)sensor,
andcrankcasepressure(CCP)sensorshouldshowthesame
pressurewhenenginespeed(RPM)andtorqueislow.The
diagnosiscalculatesthedifferencebetween:

CrankshaftPosition(CKP)Sensor,CircuitMonitors

TheCKPsensorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

sensorfrequencyaswellascamshafttocrankshaftphasing
(calculatedtopdeadcenter(TDC).Abnormalsensorfrequency
andshaftphasinganglewillsetfaults.

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•BAROandIMP

•BAROandCCP

•IMPandCCP

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

CrankshaftPosition(CKP)Sensor,RationalityMonitors

TheCKPsensorismonitoredbycomparingit’soutputsignal
totheoutputsignalofthecamshaftposition(CMP)sensor.
ThiscomparisonisusedtoidentifyabnormalCKPandCMP

EngineControlModule(ECM)5VoltSupplyA,CircuitMonitors

TheECM5voltsupply“A”circuitismonitoredtoidentifythe
following:

•Circuitlow

EngineControlModule(ECM)5VoltSupplyB,CircuitMonitors

TheECM5voltsupply“B”circuitismonitoredtoidentifythe
following:

•Circuitlow

EngineCoolantT emperature(ECT)Sensor,CircuitMonitors

TheECTsensorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Outofrangelow

EngineCoolantT emperature(ECT)Sensor,RationalityMonitors

TheECTsensorismonitoredforrationalityatkeyONby
comparingtheECTwithengineoiltemperature(EOT)and
engineturbochargercompressoroutlettemperature.For

sensorfrequencyaswellascamshafttocrankshaftphasing
(calculatedtopdeadcenter(TDC).Abnormalsensorfrequency
andshaftphasinganglewillsetfaults.

•Circuithigh

Wheneitherfaultisdetectedthesupplyisdisabled.

•Circuithigh

Wheneitherfaultisdetectedthesupplyisdisabled.

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

moreinformationreferto“EngineCoolantT emperature(ECT)
SensorOverview”,page8.

EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR),DifferentialPressureSensor,CircuitMonitoring

TheengineEGRdifferentialpressuresensorcircuitsare
monitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

17

Group28

EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR),DifferentialPressureSensor,RationalityMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

EngineEGRdifferentialpressureisestimatedbasedonengine
speed(RPM)ortorqueandcorrectedforvariablegeometry
turbocharger(VGT)position,EGRvalveposition,intake
manifoldpressure(IMP)andbarometricpressure(BARO).
ThisestimatedengineEGRdifferentialpressureiscompared
withactualmeasuredpressure.Thiscomparisonisusedto

EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)TemperatureSensor,CircuitMonitors

TheengineEGRtemperaturesensorcircuitsaremonitored
toidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

identifyiftheengineEGRdifferentialpressuresensorisfaulty.
DuringcertainconditionstheengineEGRdifferentialpressure
shouldbezero.TheengineEGRdifferentialpressuresensor
isalsomonitoredduringtheseconditionstoverifythatthe
engineEGRisclosingasnecessaryaswellastoverifyproper
engineEGRdifferentialpressuresensoroperation.

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Outofrangelow

EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)TemperatureSensor,RationalityMonitors

ForinformationabouttheengineEGRtemperaturesensor
rationalityreferto
RationalityMonitors”,page20.

EngineExhaustGasTemperature(EGT)Sensors,CircuitMonitors

Theexhaustsystemisequippedwiththefollowingthree
engineEGTsensors:

1EngineEGTsensor

2Aftertreatmentdieselparticulatelter(DPF)intake

temperaturesensor

3AftertreatmentDPFoutlettemperaturesensor

“IntakeAirT emperature(IAT)Sensor,

TheengineEGTsensorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythe
following:

•Circuitopen

•Outofrangelow

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

EngineExhaustGasTemperature(EGT)Sensors,RationalityMonitors

Therearetwoindependentteststhatcanevaluatetemperature
sensorplausibilityintheexhaustsystem.Oneisperformed
whilestationaryandtheotherisperformedatcoldstart.Each
sensorsoutputvalueisusedtocompareagainsttheother

EngineTurbochargerCompressorBypassValveSolenoid,CircuitMonitors

Theengineturbochargercompressorbypassvalvesolenoid
circuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

sensorvalues.Thisinturnisusedtodeterminetheplausibility
ofthesensors.Ifthetemperaturesreceivedbyanyofthe
sensorsisdeemedtobeoutofrange,aplausibilityfaultisset.

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitopen

EngineTurbochargerCompressorBypassValveSolenoid,RationalityMonitors

Theengineturbochargercompressorbypassvalvesolenoid
faultdetectionisperformedduringthephasewherethevalve

EngineTurbochargerCompressorOutletTemperatureSensor,CircuitMonitors

Theengineturbochargercompressoroutlettemperature
sensorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

isopened,theintakemanifoldpressure(IMP)ismonitored
andcomparedtothemaximumallowed.

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Outofrangelow

EngineTurbochargerCompressorOutletTemperatureSensor,RationalityMonitors

Theengineturbochargercompressoroutlettemperature
sensor,ismonitoredforrationalitybycomparingthesensor
outputvalueagainstanestimatedtemperaturebasedon
ambientairtemperature(AAT),intakemanifoldpressure(IMP),

18

barometricpressure(BARO)andacalculatedefciencyof
theturbocharger.

Group28

EngineTurbochargerSpeedSensor,CircuitMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Theengineturbochargerspeedsensorcircuitsaremonitored
toidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Outofrangelow

EngineTurbochargerSpeedSensor,RationalityMonitors

Anengineturbochargerspeedsensortestisrunwithina
setofconditionstoevaluatethespeedsensoroutputvalue.
Theengineturbochargerspeedsensorvalueiscomparedto

EngineVariableGeometryT urbocharger(VGT)ActuatorPosition,CircuitMonitors

TheengineVGTactuatorpositionpositionactuatorcircuitsare
monitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

acalculatedspeedvaluethatisbasedonintakemanifold
pressure(IMP).Ifthesensoroutputvalueisdeemedoutof
rangeafaultisset.

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitopen

EngineVariableGeometryT urbocharger(VGT)ActuatorPosition,RationalityMonitors

TheengineVGThasasmartactuatorpositionthatischecked
withinSmartRemoteActuator(SRA)unit.EngineVGT

ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)ValveActuator,CircuitMonitors

TheEGRvalveactuatorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythe
following:

positionisthencommunicatedtoenginecontrolmodule(ECM)
viatheSAEJ1939(CAN)datalink.

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitopen

ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)ValveActuator,RationalityMonitors

WhenEGRvalveiscommandedtobeclosed,theEGR
differentialpressuresensorismonitoredandexpectsno
pressuredifferencebetweenupstreamanddownstreamof
EGRventure.Afaultoccurswhendifferentialpressuregreater
thanafaultlimitduetoastuck-openEGRvalveoraleaking

Fan,CircuitMonitors

Thefancircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

Electricalpowerissuppliedtothefandrivefromthechassis.
Circuitmonitoringisperformedonthelowsidedrive.Thefan
circuitryissuch,thatwhenthelowsidedriveisopenedthefan
willbeon.Closingthepathtogroundcausesthefantoturnoff.
Sincethelowsideismonitoredthechecksareonlyperformed
undercertainconditions:

•Opencircuitmonitoringisonlyperformedwhenthefanis

ON(opencircuitlow).Theopencircuitfaultdetectswhen
powerisnotsuppliedtothehighsideofthefandrive

EGRvalveisdetectedforaperiodoftime.Astuck-closed
EGRvalvecanbedetectedifthedifferencefromtheactual
burnedfractiontothedemandedburnedfractionislower
thanafaultlimitforaperiodoftime.ThereisnoEGRV alve
positionfeedback.

•CircuitlowmonitoringisonlyperformedwhenthefanisON

(opencircuitlow).Thecircuitlowfaultdetectswhenthelow
sidecontrollineisshortedtoground

•Circuithighmonitoringisonlyperformedwhenthefanis

OFF(closedcircuitlow).Thecircuithighfaultdetectsan
over-currentconditiononthelowsidecontrolline.Ifthis
over-currentconditionisdetectedthedriveisdisabled(fan
ON)untilthekeyiscycled

Somefansalsohaveafanspeedsensor.Ifthefanisequipped
withaspeedsensorcircuithighisalsosupported.This
diagnosticisusedforanyelectricalcauseofamissingsignal.
Ifthefandoesnotsupportaspeedsensorthiscircuitmonitor
isnotsupported.

Fan,RationalityMonitors

Fanspeediscalculatedfromthecommandedpercent
engagement,theenginespeedandthefandriveratio.Ifafan
speedsensorispresentthesensorspeedsignalissent.

19

Group28

Injector,CircuitMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

Theinjectorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

IntakeAirT emperature(IAT)Sensor,CircuitMonitors

TheIATsensorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Outofrangelow

IntakeAirT emperature(IAT)Sensor,RationalityMonitors

TheIATsensorisusedtocalculateenginechargeaircooler
(CAC)ambientairtemperature(AA T).TheCACAATcanbe
calculatedinthetwofollowingways,

•Usingengineexhaustexhaustgasrecirculation(EGR)

temperatureandIATwiththeircorrespondingmassow
rates.

IntakeManifoldPressure(IMP)SensorCircuitMonitoring

TheIMPsensorcircuitsaremonitoredtoidentifythefollowing:

•Circuitopen

•Outofrangelow

IntakeManifoldPressure(IMP)SensorRationalityMonitors

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

•UsingAAT ,engineturbochargercompressoroutlet

temperatureandthemassairow(MAF)rate.

Ifthereisamismatchinthesetwoestimatedtemperatures
itisconcludedthatthemostprobablycauseisonofthe
temperaturesensors.Thesystemthenrationalizeswhich
sensorisfaulty.

•Outofrangehigh

•Circuitlow

•Circuithigh

TheIMPsensor,BAROsensor,andcrankcasepressure(CCP)
sensorshouldshowthesamepressurewhenenginespeed
andtorqueislow.Thediagnosiscalculatesthedifference
between:

Injector,RationalityMonitors

Forinjectorrationalitymonitorinformationreferto“Fuel
System”,page9.

ParkingBrakeSwitch,CircuitMonitors

Thevehicleelectroniccontrolunit(VECU)doesnotsupport
comprehensivecircuitmonitoringonparkingbrakeswitch.

ParkingBrakeSwitch,RationalityMonitors

Thevehicleelectroniccontrolunit(VECU)doesnotsupport
rationalitymonitorsontheparkingbrakeswitch.

PowerTake-off(PTO)EnableSwitch,CircuitMonitors

Thevehicleelectroniccontrolunit(VECU)doesnotsupport
comprehensivecircuitmonitoringforthePTOenableswitch
input.However,basedonthetypeoffailuremodestothe
circuitthePTOoperationwillbeorbecomenon-functional.
Thefailuremodebehaviorsaredenedas:

•ShorttoGround–Ashortcircuittogroundwillresultina

non-functionalPTOoperation.

•BAROandIMP

•BAROandCCP

•IMPandCCP

Thesecomparisonsareusedtoidentifydefects.

•ShorttoBattery–Ashortcircuittobatteryvoltagewill

nothaveanimmediateaffecttothePTOoperation,but
willresultinanon-functionalPTOoperationafterexiting
thePTOfunctionorduringthenextVECUpowerdown/up
sequence(I.e.Cyclingoftheignitionkeyswitch).

•OpenCircuit–Anopenwillresultinanon-functionalPTO

operation.

PowerTake-off(PTO)EnableSwitch,RationalityMonitors

Thevehicleelectroniccontrolunit(VECU)doesnotsupport
rationalitymonitorsonthePTOenableswitch.

20

Group28

SAEJ1939(CAN1)DataLink,CircuitMonitors

OnBoardDiagnostic(OBD)Monitors

ErrordetectionoftheSAEJ1939(CAN1)datalinkisperformed
bymultipleelectroniccontrolunits(ECUs).AnECUdetecting
anerrorconditionsignalsthisbytransmittinganerrorag.
Thereare5typesoferrordetections:

•Biterror

SAEJ1939(CAN1)DataLink,RationalityMonitors

RationalitymonitorsdonotexistfortheSAEJ1939(CAN1)
datalink.

SAEJ1939(CAN2)DataLink,Overview

TheSAEJ1939(CAN2)datalinkisasub-datalinkthat
communicatesinformationdirectlytotheenginecontrolmodule
(ECM).There’snodirectcommunicationtootherelectronic
controlunits(ECUs)residingontheontheSAEJ1939(CAN1)
datalink.InformationthatissentacrosstheCAN2datalink

SAEJ1939(CAN2)DataLink,CircuitMonitors

ErrordetectionoftheSAEJ1939(CAN2)datalinkisperformed
bymultipleelectroniccontrolunits(ECUs).AnECUdetecting
anerrorconditionsignalsthisbytransmittinganerrorag.
Thereare5typesoferrordetections:

•Biterror

•Stufferror

•CyclicRedundancyCode(CRC)error

•Formerror

•Acknowledgementerror

canbesharedontheCAN1datalinkviatheECM.
Diagnostictroublecodes(DTCs)aresetwhenanECUisfound
tonotbecommunicatingorrecognizedonthedatalink(off
busmode)orwhenthereisanabnormalrateofoccurrenceof
errorsonthedatalink.

•Stufferror

•CyclicRedundancyCode(CRC)error

•Formerror

•Acknowledgementerror

SAEJ1939(CAN2)DataLink,RationalityMonitors

RationalitymonitorsdonotexistfortheSAEJ1939(CAN2)
datalink.

Time/Date,CircuitMonitoring

Theinstrumentclusterdoesnotsupportcomprehensivecircuit
monitoringfortheTime/Date.

Time/Date,RationalityMonitoring

Theenginecontrolmodule(ECM)doessupportrational
monitoringbycomparingtimeanddatefrominstrument

VehicleSpeedSensor(VSS),CircuitMonitors

Thecomprehensivecircuitmonitorsaresupportedbythe
vehicleelectroniccontrolunit(VECU)andaredetermined
bythevehicleroadspeedsource.Whenadedicatedspeed
sensorisused,electricalerrordetectionissupported.When

VehicleSpeedSensor(VSS),RationalityMonitors

Errordetectionisperformedbycomparinganothersource
ofvehiclespeedinformationtothecalculatedvehicleroad
speed.Atzerovehicleroadspeedanerrorisgeneratedwhen
thecomparisonvehiclespeedsource(ABS/EBS)ishigher
thanaspeciedlimit.Whenthevehicleroadspeedisgreater
thanzerothedifferencebetweenthecalculatedvehicleroad
speedandthecomparisonvehiclespeedsource(ABS/EBS)
isnotallowedtobegreaterthanaspeciedvalueorafault
isregistered.

cluster.Soaktimeisbasedonenginecoolingdownusing
temperaturesbeforeandaftersoak.

thetransmissionoutputshaftspeed(OSS)sensorisused
viatheSAEJ1939datalink,thediagnosticsarebasedona
communicationtimeoutandreceiving“errorindicator”agged
fromthetransmittingelectroniccontrolunit(ECU).

21

Group28

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTrouble

Troubleshooting

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTroubleCodes(DTCs)

Themanufacturerscantoolisthepreferredtoolfor
performingdiagnosticwork.Contactyourlocaldealerfor
moreinformationorvisit“www.premiumtechtool.com”.

Note:Theuseofascantoolisnecessarytoperformdiagnostic
workaswellasclearingofanydiagnostictroublecodes
(DTCs).DTC(s)cannolongerbeclearedusingthevehicles
instrumentclusterdigitaldisplayandstalkswitchcontrol.

SAEJ1939DataLinkCommunication

Theelectroniccontrolunits(ECUs)thatcommunicateonthe
SAEJ1939datalink,communicateaccordingtotheSAE
J1587standard.Thediagnostictroublecodes(DTCs)setby
theECUscontaininformationthatisdescribedbythefollowing
abbreviations.

SASourceAddress:

Identicationofacontrolmodule.

SPNSuspectParameterNumber:

Identicationofaparameter(value).

FMIFailureModeIdentier:

Identicationoffaulttypes.

Codes(DTCs)

22

Group28

SAEJ1939FMITable

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTrouble

Codes(DTCs)

FMI

0Datavalidbutabovenormaloperationalrange-Mostseverelevel

1Datavalidbutbelownormaloperationalrange-Mostseverelevel

2Dataerratic,intermittentorincorrect

3Voltageabovenormal,orshortedtohighsource

4Voltagebelownormal,orshortedtolowsource

5

6

7

8

9Abnormalupdaterate

10

11Rootcausenotknown

12Badintelligentdeviceorcomponent

13

14

15Datavalidbutabovenormaloperatingrange-Leastseverelevel

16Datavalidbutabovenormaloperatingrange-Moderatelyseverelevel

17Datavalidbutbelownormaloperatingrange-Leastseverelevel

18Datavalidbutbelownormaloperatingrange-Moderatelyseverelevel

19Receivednetworkdatainerror

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

SAET ext

Currentbelownormaloropencircuit

Currentabovenormalorgroundedcircuit

Mechanicalsystemnotrespondingoroutofadjustment

Abnormalfrequencyorpulsewidthorperiod

Abnormalrateofchange

Outofcalibration

Specialinstructions

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

29

30

31

ReservedforSAEassignment

ReservedforSAEassignment

Conditionexists

23

Group28

SAEJ1587DataLinkCommunication

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTrouble

Codes(DTCs)

Theelectroniccontrolunits(ECUs)alsocommunicateonthe
SAEJ1587datalink.TheseECUscommunicateaccordingto
theSAEJ1587standard.Thestandardhasbeenextended
withMACK’ssupplement(PPID,PSID).Thediagnostictrouble
codes(DTCs)setbytheECUscontaininformationthatis
describedbythefollowingabbreviations.

MIDMessageIdenticationDescription:

Identicationofacontrolmodule.

PIDParameterIdenticationDescription:

Identicationofaparameter(value).

SAEJ1587FMITable

FMI

0Datavalid,butabovethenormalworkingrange

1Datavalid,butbelowthenormalworkingrange

2Intermittentorincorrectdata

3Abnormallyhighvoltageorshortcircuittohighervoltage

4Abnormallylowvoltageorshortcircuittolowervoltage

5

6Abnormallyhighcurrentorshortcircuittoground

7

8

9Abnormalupdaterate

10Abnormallystrongvibrations

11

12Faultymoduleorcomponent

13

14

15

SAET ext

Abnormallylowcurrentoropencircuit

Incorrectresponsefromamechanicalsystem

Abnormalfrequency

Non-identiablefault

Calibrationvaluesoutsidelimits

Specialinstructions

Reservedforfutureuse

PPIDProprietaryParameterIdentication

DescriptionMack:
Uniqueidenticationofaparameter(value).

SIDSubsystemIdenticationDescription:

Identicationofacomponent.

PSIDProprietarySubsystemIdentication

DescriptionMack:
Uniqueidenticationofacomponent.

FMIFailureModeIdentier:

Identicationoffaulttypes.

24

Group28

DiagnosticTroubleCode(DTC)Content

SPN0–500

•“ECMSPN84,Wheel-BasedVehicleSpeed–MID128

PID84”,page31

•“ECMSPN91,AcceleratorPedalPosition1–MID128

PID91”,page31

•“ECMSPN94,EngineFuelDeliveryPressure–MID128

PID94”,page31

•“ECMSPN97,WaterinFuelIndicator–MID128PID97”,

page32

•“ECMSPN98,EngineOilLevel–MID128PID98”,page

33

•“ECMSPN100,EngineOilPressure–MID128PID100”,

page33

•“ECMSPN102,EngineIntakeManifold1Pressure–MID

128PID102”,page34

•“ECMSPN103,EngineTurbocharger1Speed–MID128

PID103”,page35

•“ECMSPN105,EngineIntakeManifold1T emperature–

MID128PID105”,page36

•“ECMSPN108,BarometricPressure–MID128PID108”,

page36

•“ECMSPN110,EngineCoolantT emperature–MID128

PID1 10”,page37

•“ECMSPN111,EngineCoolantLevel–MID128PID111”,

page38

•“ECMSPN153,EngineHighResolutionCrankcase

Pressure–MID128PID153/PSID23”,page39

•“ECMSPN158,KeyswitchBatteryPotential–MID128

PID158/PSID124”,page39

•“ECMSPN171,AmbientAirT emperature–MID128PID

171”,page40

•“ECMSPN173,EngineExhaustGasT emperature(EGT)–

MID128PID173”,page42

•“ECMSPN175,EngineOilT emperature1–MID128PID

175”,page43

•“ECMSPN177,TransmissionOilTemperature–MID128

PID177”,page44

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTrouble

Codes(DTCs)

25

Group28

•“ECMSPN188,EngineSpeedAtIdle,Point1(Engine

Congurations)–MID128PID188”,page44

•“ECMSPN190,EngineSpeed–MID128PID190”,page

44

•“ECMSPN228,SpeedSensorCalibration–MID128PID

228”,page45

•“ECMSPN237,V ehicleIdenticationNumber–MID128

PSID161/162”,page45

•“ECMSPN245,T otalV ehicleDistance–MID128PID

245”,page45

•“ECMSPN251,Time–MID128PID251”,page46

•“ECMSPN252,Date–MID128PID252”,page47

•“ECMSPN41 1,EngineExhaustGasRecirculation

DifferentialPressure–MID128PID41 1”,page47

•“ECMSPN412,EngineExhaustGasRecirculation

Temperature–MID128PID412”,page48

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTrouble

Codes(DTCs)

SPN500–999

•“ECMSPN558,AcceleratorPedal1IdleValidationSwitch

–MID128SID230”,page49

•“ECMSPN626,IntakeAirHeater(IAH)Relay–MID128

PID45”,page50

•“ECMSPN628,ProgramMemory–MID128SID240”,

page50

•“ECMSPN629,ElectronicControlUnit(ECU)1–MID

128SID254”,page51

•“ECMSPN630,CalibrationMemory–MID128SID253”,

page51

•“ECMSPN631,CalibrationModule–MID128PSID

77/PSID124”,page52

•“ECMSPN633,EngineFuelActuator1ControlCommand

–MID128SID18”,page52

•“ECMSPN636,CamshaftPositionSensor(CMP)–MID

128SID21”,page53

•“ECMSPN637,CrankshaftPositionSensor(CKP)–MID

128SID22”,page54

•“ECMSPN639,SAEJ1939DataLink1–MID128SID

231”,page55

•“ECMSPN641,EngineVariableGeometryTurbocharger

(VGT)Actuator1–MID128SID27”,page55

•“ECMSPN642,EngineVariableGeometryTurbocharger

(VGT)Actuator2–MID128PPID89”,page56

•“ECMSPN647,EngineFanClutchOutputDeviceDriver–

MID128SID33”,page56

•“ECMSPN651,EngineInjectorCylinder1–MID128SID

1”,page57

•“ECMSPN652,EngineInjectorCylinder2–MID128SID

2”,page58

26

Group28

•“ECMSPN653,EngineInjectorCylinder3–MID128SID

3”,page58

•“ECMSPN654,EngineInjectorCylinder4–MID128SID

4”,page59

•“ECMSPN655,EngineInjectorCylinder5–MID128SID

5”,page60

•“ECMSPN656,EngineInjectorCylinder6–MID128SID

6”,page61

•“ECMSPN677,EngineStarterMotorRelay–MID128

SID39”,page61

•“ECMSPN729,IntakeAirHeater(IAH)1–MID128SID

70”,page62

•“ECMSPN730,IntakeAirHeater(IAH)2–MID128SID

71”,page62

•“ECMSPN975,EstimatedPercentFanSpeed–(MID128

PID26)”,page63

SPN1000–1999

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTrouble

Codes(DTCs)

•“ECMSPN1072,EngineCompressionBrakeOutput#1–

MID128PPID122”,page64

•“ECMSPN1127,EngineTurbochargerIntakeManifold

Pressure(IMP)–MID128PSID98”,page65

•“ECMSPN1 136,EngineControlModule(ECM)

Temperature–MID128PPID55”,page66

•“ECMSPN1198,Anti–theftRandomNumber–MID128

PID224”,page66

•“ECMSPN1231,SAEJ1939DataLink2–MID128PSID

229/232”,page67

•“ECMSPN1265,EnginePistonCoolingOilPressure

Actuator–MID128SID85”,page67

•“ECMSPN1322,EngineMisreforMultipleCylinders–

MID128PSID27”,page68

•“ECMSPN1659,EngineCoolantSystemThermostat–

MID128PSID109”,page68

•“ECMSPN1675,EngineStarterMode–MID128SID

39”,page68

•“ECMSPN1677,AftertreatmentDPFAuxiliaryHeater

Mode–MID128PSID25”,page69

•“ECMSPN1761,AftertreatmentDieselExhaustFluid

(DEF)T ankLevel–PPID278”,page69

27

Group28

SPN2000–2999

•“ECMSPN2003,TransmissionControlModule(TCM)

Status–MID128PSID205”,page70

•“ECMSPN2017,CruiseControlStatus–MID128PID

85”,page70

•“ECMSPN2029,InvalidorMissingDatafromVehicleECU

–MID128PSID201”,page70

•“ECMSPN2629,EngineTurbochargerCompressorOutlet

Temperature–MID128PID404”,page71

•“ECMSPN2659,EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)

MassFlowRate–MID128PPID35”,page71

•“ECMSPN2791,EngineExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR)

ValveControl–MID128SID146”,page72

•“ECMSPN2836,BatteryPotential/SwitchedVoltage–MID

128PSID49”,page72

EngineControlModule(ECM)DiagnosticTrouble

Codes(DTCs)

28