Kenwood TS-480HX, TS-480SAT Service Manual

HF / 50MHz ALL MODE TRANSCEIVER

TS-480HX/480SAT

SERVICE MANUAL

© 2003-11 PRINTED IN JAPAN B51-8667-00 (N) 694

			Microphone			Cabinet (Upper)
			(T91-0638-05)			(A01-2189-02)
Panel assy					Knob			Panel
(A62-1076-03)					(K29-9265-03)			(A62-1079-01)

Knob	Key top		Knob ring		Knob		Foot
(K29-9267-03)	(K29-9263-02)		(K29-9264-04)		(K29-9270-03)		(J02-0441-05) x 4
Knob		Stand		Knob (Main dial)		Knob		Cabinet (Lower)
(K29-9266-03)		(J09-0409-03)		(K21-1105-03)		(K29-9267-03)		(A01-2190-02)

CONTENTS

DISASSEMBLY FOR REPAIR ..................................	2
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ...........................................	3
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION .............................	14
SEMICONDUCTOR DATA .....................................	20
PARTS LIST ............................................................	27
EXPLODED VIEW...................................................	50
PACKING ................................................................	54
ADJUSTMENT .......................................................	55
INTERCONNECTION DIAGRAM ...........................	76
PC BOARD / SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
RF UNIT (X44-327X-XX) ....................................	78
FINAL UNIT (X45-365X-XX) (A/3).....................	86
FINAL UNIT (X45-365X-XX) (B/3) .....................	93

FINAL UNIT (X45-365X-XX) (C/3) .....................	96
FINAL UNIT (X45-366X-XX) (A/3).....................	98
FINAL UNIT (X45-366X-XX) (B/3) ...................	105
FINAL UNIT (X45-366X-XX) (C/3) ...................	108
DISPLAY UNIT (X54-3410-00) (A/3, B/3, C/3) .......	110
TX-RX UNIT (X57-663X-XX) (A/2, B/2) ..........	116
SUB UNIT (X58-4900-XX)................................	128
TERMINAL FUNCTION ........................................	129
BLOCK DIAGRAM ................................................	134
LEVEL DIAGRAM .................................................	136
ACCESSORIES .....................................................	140
SPECIFICATIONS .................................................	141

TS-480HX/480SAT

DISASSEMBLY FOR REPAIR

How to remove the torque changeover lever (G02-0898-04)

1.Turn the lever section of the torque changeover lever to the right. ( q )

2.Insert the tip of a flat-head screwdriver into the recessed part of the torque changeover lever. ( w )

3.Lift the torque changeover lever using the tip of the flathead screwdriver. ( e )

Caution: Be careful not to damage the torque changeover lever when lifting it.

4.Turn the lever section of the torque changeover lever to the right, as in the position described in step 3. ( r )

5.Lift the torque changeover lever and remove it from the panel ASSY.

e

w

q

r

How to mount the torque changeover lever (G02-0898-04)

1.Insert the torque changeover lever into the mounting location so that the three tabs align with the torque changeover slots. (Fig.1)

2.Turn the lever section of the torque changeover lever to the left while pressing the surface of the lever as shown in the Fig. 2, and mount it onto the panel ASSY.

Cautions for mounting the main dial knob (K21-1105-03)

Confirm that the lever section of the torque changeover lever is in the fully turned left position (Torque OFF) before mounting the main dial knob.

Cautions for replacing the torque changeover lever

Apply the dry-surf 2400 onto the front and rear surfaces after replacing the torque changeover lever. (Do not apply the dry surf to the lever section.)

Apply the dry-surf 2400 onto the front and rear surfaces of the torque changeover lever.

2	Fig. 1			Fig. 2

TS-480HX/480SAT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Frequency Configuration

Figure. 1 shows the frequency configuration of this transceiver. All modes operate in a double conversion while transmitting. FM mode operates in a triple conversion and other modes operate in a double conversion while receiving.

ANT

455kHz

					TX/RX			3rd IF
RX MIX			73.095MHz		MIX	10.695MHz			DSP
			1st IF			2nd IF	FM	FM IC
	73.125~
LO1	133.095MHz						Except RX MIX
					LO2		FM		AF OUT
VCO1	VCO2	VCO3				TX		CAR	CODEC
TX MIX									MIC IN
						MIX
					62.4MHz		CAR
					x2			10.695MHz (Except FM)
								10.24MHz (FM)
	PLL
			FM MOD
	LMX2360
		PLL REF
8.33~			DDS	DDS REF			DDS REF	DDS
8.47MHz		AD9835			31.2MHz			AD9835
	CF1
					x2

fstd

X1

15.6MHz

Fig. 1 Frequency configuration

Reference Signal Generator

The reference frequency (fstd), which is used to control the PLL frequency, oscillates at 15.6MHz in a crystal oscillation circuit (X1, Q1). This 15.6MHz signal passes through a buffer amplifier (Q4) and is doubled in a multiplier (Q5) to generate a 31.2 MHz signal. The 31.2MHz signal is used as the reference signal for the DDS (IC1) for the PLL reference signal of the first local oscillator (LO1) and the DDS (IC2) for a carrier (CAR).

The SO-3 (TCXO unit) is configured as an option in this transceiver, so that you can replace the crystal oscillation circuit (X1, Q1) with the SO-3. However, you must cut the R103 (0Ω) and R104 (0Ω) jumper wires to stop the operation of the crystal oscillation circuit (X1, Q1) when using the SO-3.

LO1/LO2/CAR

■ LO1 (the 1st local oscillator)

A frequency between 8.33MHz and 8.47MHz is output using the 31.2MHz signal as the reference signal in the DDS (IC1). The output signal passes through a ceramic filter (CF1) and enters into a PLL (IC3). This signal is divided into 1/8 (1/ R) in the PLL and becomes the comparison frequency fø for the frequency between 1.041MHz and 1.058MHz.

The VCOs (Q451, Q452, Q456) of LO1 oscillate between

73.125MHz and 133.095MHz. The oscillation output of these VCOs enter pin 6 of the PLL (IC3), then divides into 1/N in the PLL. The comparison frequency fø is compared with the frequency divided into 1/N by a phase comparator in the PLL, then locks the frequency to use it as the output frequency of LO1.

In the DDS (IC1), the output frequency (8.33MHz to 8.47MHz) is swept with fDDS STEP [Hz]=10 x R/N when the step is 10Hz or fDDS STEP [Hz]=1 x R/N when the step is 1Hz. Therefore, LO1 covers the frequency range of 73.125MHz to 133.095MHz with 10Hz or 1Hz steps.

The PLL output generated by the above-mentioned method is amplified at Q15 and passes through a band-pass filter with a cutoff switching circuit, an attenuator, and a lowpass filter, and is then sent to the RF unit (X44-327) as LO1.

■ LO2 (the 2nd local oscillator)

The 15.6MHz (reference frequency) signal passes through a buffer amplifier (Q4) and is doubled in a multiplier (Q5) to generate a 31.2MHz signal. The resistance of the 31.2MHz signal is distributed since it is used as the reference signal for each DDS (IC1, IC2). The 31.2MHz signal is doubled in a multipler (Q8, Q12) to generate a 62.4MHz signal.

The band-pass filter cuts the high harmonic of the 62.4MHz signal and the signal is sent to the RF unit (X44-327) as LO2.

3

TS-480HX/480SAT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

■ CAR (carrier)

The 10.695MHz used in the local oscillation and detection is generated by the DDS (IC2). The output signal sent from this DDS passes through a buffer amplifier (Q10) and a lowpass filter, and is then sent to each signal.

X1,Q1

Q4

Q5

Q8

Q12

15.6MHz

31.2MHz

Buffer

x2

x2

Q3

Q6

Q10

TCXO

IC2

SO-3

DDS

Buffer

Buffer

Q2

Q7

D1

IC1

DDS

Buffer

8.33~8.47MHz

FM MOD

Q451

Q14

VCO1

Q455

Q15

IC3

Q452

PLL

VCO2

LPF

LPF

Q456

VCO3

LO2

62.4MHz

BPF

CAR 10.695MHz

LPF

Q9 Q11 CF1

Buffer BPF

LO1

73.125~

133.095MHz

BPF LPF

Fig. 2 Reference signal generator, LO1/LO2/CAR

DDS AD9835BRU (IC1)

HF TX/RX	USB		LSB			CW		CW-R		CWN
Lo1	RX	TX	RX	TX	RX		TX	RX	TX	RX	TX
Filter offset 1	+1.5k	+1.5k	-1.5k	-1.5k	+(1.5k-PITCH)		+(1.5k-PITCH)	-(1.5k-PITCH)	-(1.5k-PITCH)	0	0
Filter offset 2	+0.71k	+0.71k	-0.71k	-0.71k	-		-	-	-	-	-
RIT	(∆ RIT)	-	(∆ RIT)	-	(∆ RIT)		-	(∆ RIT)	-	(∆ RIT)	-
XIT	-	(∆ XIT)	-	(∆ XIT)	-		(∆ XIT)	-	(∆ XIT)	-	(∆ XIT)
IF Shift	+(IF S)	-	-(IF S)	-	+(IF S)		-	-(IF S)	-	+(IF S)	-
CAR correction	+(CAR H)	+(CAR H)	-(CAR L)	-(CAR L)	+(CAR H)		+(CAR H)	-(CAR L)	-(CAR L)	-	-
HF TX/RX	CWN-R		FSK		FSK-R			AM		FM
Lo1	RX	TX	RX	TX	RX		TX	RX	TX	RX	TX
Filter offset 1	0	0	-(SHIFT/2)	-(SHIFT/2)	-(SHIFT/2)		-(SHIFT/2)	0	0	0	0
Filter offset 2	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-
RIT	(∆ RIT)	-	(∆ RIT)	-	(∆ RIT)		-	(∆ RIT)	-	(∆ RIT)	-
XIT	-	(∆ XIT)	-	(∆ XIT)	-		(∆ XIT)	-	(∆ XIT)	-	(∆ XIT)
IF Shift	-(IF S)	-	-(IF S)	-	+(IF S)		-	-	-	-	-
CAR correction	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-

Filter offset 2 : DATA filter ON, The amount of IF shift when selecting Center “2210Hz” (∆ RIT) : RIT frequency variable amount (-9.99~+9.99kHz)

(∆ XIT) : XIT frequency variable amount (-9.99~+9.99kHz) (PITCH) : CW pitch frequency (400~1000Hz, Initial value 800Hz)

(SHIFT) : FSK shift width frequency (170Hz, 200Hz, 425Hz, 850Hz, Initial value:170Hz) (MARK) : FSK mark frequency (H TONE : 2125Hz, L TONE : 1275Hz, Initial value : 2125Hz)

Table 1 LO1 frequency shift data

4

TS-480HX/480SAT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

DDS AD9835BRU (IC2)

CAR	USB		LSB		CW			CW-R		CWN
	RX	TX	RX	TX	RX		TX	RX	TX	RX		TX
Filter offset 1	+1.5k	+1.5k	-1.5k	-1.5k	+(1.5k-PITCH)	+(1.5k-PITCH)		-(1.5k-PITCH)	-(1.5k-PITCH)	0		0
Filter offset 2	+0.71k	+0.71k	-0.71k	-0.71k	-		-	-	-	-		-
CW piitch	-	-	-	-	+(PIITCH)		-	-(PIITCH)	-	+(PIITCH)		-
FSK tone	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-		-
IF Shift	+(IF S)	-	-(IF S)	-	+(IF S)		-	-(IF S)	-	+(IF S)		-
CAR correction	+(CAR H)	+(CAR H)	-(CAR L)	-(CAR L)	+(CAR H)		+(CAR H)	-(CAR L)	-(CAR L)	-		-
CAR	CWN-R		FSK		FSK-R			AM		FM
	RX	TX	RX	TX	RX		TX	RX	TX	RX		TX
Filter offset 1	0	0	-(SHIFT/2)	-(SHIFT/2)	-(SHIFT/2)		-(SHIFT/2)	Stop	0	-455k		0
Filter offset 2	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-		-
CW pitch	-(PIITCH)	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-		-
FSK tone	-	-	-(MARK)	-(MARK)	+(MARK+SHIFT)		-(MARK)	-	-	-		-
IF Shift	-(IF S)	-	-(IF S)	-	+(IF S)		-	-	-	-		-
CAR correction	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	-	-		-

Filter offset 2 : DATA filter ON, The amount of IF shift when selecting Center “2210Hz” (∆ RIT) : RIT frequency variable amount (-9.99~+9.99kHz)

(∆ XIT) : XIT frequency variable amount (-9.99~+9.99kHz) (PITCH) : CW pitch frequency (400~1000Hz, Initial value 800Hz)

(SHIFT) : FSK shift width frequency (170Hz, 200Hz, 425Hz, 850Hz, Initial value:170Hz) (MARK) : FSK mark frequency (H TONE : 2125Hz, L TONE : 1275Hz, Initial value : 2125Hz)

Table 2 CAR frequency shift data

Receiver Circuit

FM mode operates in a triple conversion: the first IF (73.095MHz), the second IF (10.695MHz), and the third IF (455kHz). All modes other than FM mode operate in a double conversion: the first IF (73.095MHz), and the second IF (10.695MHz).

■ From antenna to a preamplifier (Q153, 154)

There are two antenna terminals: ANT 1 and ANT 2. With these antenna terminals, it is possible to select the terminal to be used and store the selection for each band. A pigtail wire is used in this transceiver to maintain the freedom of the antenna wire when it is mounted in a car.

The receive signal sent from the antenna terminal enters the ANT section (X45-366 C/3 : 200W transceiver, X45-365 C/ 3 : 100W transceiver) of the final unit. The signal passes through a surge trap, the antenna changeover relay, the antenna tuner changeover relay (only 100W transceiver), the transmission/reception changeover relay, and an image filter, and is then sent from CN503 to CN2 of the RF unit (X44-327) though a co-axial cable.

The signal input into the RF unit passes through the attenuator circuit, the image filter, the surge absorption limiter, and then enters the RF BPF. Although the default of the attenuator is 12dB, it can change to approximately 20dB by removing the CN4 jumper.

The RF BPF divides in the range as shown in table 3. The transmit signal also passes through the RF BPF when transmitting.

The preamplifier (Q153, 154) receives the signal passed through the RF BPF. This transceiver obtains necessary gain and frequency characteristic by applying NFB (Negative Feedback) to the source earthed circuit having two parallelconnected MOS FETs. Although the preamplifier was conventionally switched by switching between low-band and high-band, this transceiver can obtain necessary characteristics for each band by switching the NFB amount of the source at Q155.

You can turn the preamplifier ON/OFF by pressing the [ATT/PRE] key.

Band	Filter range
BC	30kHz~1.705MHz
1.8MHz	1.705~2.5MHz
3.5MHz	2.5~4.1MHz
7MHz	4.1~7.5MHz
10MHz	7.5~10.5MHz
14MHz	10.5~14.5MHz
21MHz	14.5~21.5MHz
28MHz	21.5~30MHz
	30~49MHz, 54~60MHz
50MHz	49~54MHz

Table 3 RF BPF

5

TS-480HX/480SAT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

■From receiving 1st mixer to the second IF frequency (10.695MHz)

The output signal sent from the RF BPF passes through the image filter and is converted to the first IF frequency (73.095MHz) at the first receiving mixer (Q156, 157, 160, 161). The receiving first mixer has a circuit having quadruple JFETs (Q156, 157, 160, 161). This same type of circuit is used in high-class transceivers. Therefore, this transceiver has the same or higher dynamic characteristics as high-class transceivers.

Two MCF (XF151) with 2-poles are used in the next stage. This transceiver reduces proximity spurious components of

ANT1	ANT2		Filter unit (C/3) RF unit
			ANT section

the transmit signal by passing the narrow-band MCF. It also reduces spurious components of the receive signal.

TP1 (CN152) and TP2 (CN252) adjust MCF. The signal passed through the MCF is amplified at the first IF amplifier (Q253) and converted to the second IF frequency (10.695 MHz) at the second receiving mixer (D256). The receiving second mixer is the passive type mixer using diodes and the transmit signal passes through it when performing transmission.

The second IF signal (10.695MHz) is sent from CN254 of the RF unit (X44-327) to CN501 of the TX-RX unit (X57-663 A/ 2) through a co-axial cable.

	Except 200W	RX	ATT	RF BPF
			–12dB/	30kHz~
		TX	–20dB	60MHz
	AT	TX
		signal
			Through	Q153,154
			PRE AMP OFF	PRE AMP
	D256		Q253
10.695MHz	RX 2nd Mixer		1st IF AMP	Q156,157,160,161
RX 2nd IF			MCF
				RX 1st Mixer
to TX-RX (A/2)
			XF151
	Q255			Q159
			73.095MHz
	LO2 AMP			LO1 AMP
	LO2		AGC	LO1
	62.4MHz		73.125~133.095MHz

Fig. 3 From antenna to the second IF frequency (10.695MHz)

■10.695MHz IF filter circuit (Filter section (X57-663 B/2) of the TX-RX unit)

The TX-RX unit (X57-663 A/2) comprises the receiver circuit, the PLL circuit, the transmitter circuit (from AF to the first IF: 10.695MHz), the AF DSP, and the control circuit.

The second IF signal (10.695 MHz) input into CN501 of the TX-RX unit (X57-663 A/2) enters CN901 of the filter section (X57-663 B/2). This unit has the 10.695MHz IF filter and the IF amplifier. It is possible to remove the unit to mount a optional IF filter (two pieces) and TCXO (SO-3).

The second IF signal (10.695MHz) input from CN901 is amplified at the second receiver IF amplifier (Q901). The second receiver IF amplifier operates as a gate of the noise blanker. Q902 and Q901 turn OFF while blanking. Q901 amplifies the transmit signal.

The output signal sent from Q901 passes through the 10.695MHz IF filter and is amplified at the IF amplifier (Q971), then returns to the TX-RX unit (X57-663 A/2) from CN971.

Table 4 shows the path of the 10.695MHz IF filter mode. You can mount two IF filters from the following optional IF

filter types:

SSB NARROW: 1.8kHz, CW: 500Hz, and CW NARROW: 270Hz.

The option filter is automatically selected by the resistance, which is set in the option filter. Therefore, you do not need to select the filter using menu or a switch.

Filter	Bandwidth	RX	TX
Through (R943, 945)	Through	FM	Not used
XF931	6kHz	AM	AM
XF932	2.4kHz	SSB/CW/FSK	SSB/CW/FSK
		/AM NAR	/FM
Option filter 1	*1	*2	Not used
Option filter 2	*1	*2	Not used

*1: The bandwidth of the mounted IF filter is applied.

*2: The mode changes corresponding to the mounted IF filter. The CW filter is available in SSB mode with the selection is in the menu.

Table 4 IF filter selection

6

TS-480HX/480SAT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

RF unit TX-RX unit (A/2)

TX-RX unit

D932

FM

(B/2)

D940

through

FM IF

Filter section

D932

10.695MHz

XF931

D934

D941

AGC

Q901

AM 6kHz

Q971

IF AMP

D931

XF932

D936

IF AMP

2nd IF

RX OUT

NB IN

10.695MHz

10.695MHz

Q508

NB

SSB/CW/FSK 2.4kHz

D933

D935

Noise

gate

blanker

Q902

Option

SW

D933

filter 1

D935

Option

filter 2

Fig. 4 10.695MHz IF filter circuit

■From the receiver second IF to detection (TX-RX unit (X57-663 A/2))

The path of the second IF signal (10.695MHz) input into CN555 of the TX-RX unit (X57-663 A/2) is different between FM mode and all other modes until the detection stage.

In modes other than FM mode, the second IF signal is amplified at Q551 and Q554. The diode located at the second side of the loading side coil (L553) of Q551 is a PIN diode (D551). With the current applied to the PIN diode, the receiving total gain, which is used to start the AGC operation, is determined in modes other than FM mode. It is possible to change the current with adjustment menu No.1 (AGC Ref.).

The transistor (Q561) connected to the source of Q554 is used as a switch to mute the IF signals in modes other than FM mode while transmitting.

The signal amplified at Q554 is detected at the mixer IC (IC553) and becomes the AF signal in SSB/ CW/ FSK mode.

In AM mode, the signal amplified at Q554 passes through Q556 and is detected at D555. Some DC bias is applied to D555 to reduce distortion of small signals. The output signal D552 sent from Q556 is rectified at D552 and the AGC voltage is generated by Q552.

In FM mode, the second IF signal enters into the FM IC (IC551). The entered signal is converted to 455kHz. The signal is then amplified at the limiter circuit in the FM IC, where it is detected.

Although the receive bandwidth in FM mode is decided by the ceramic filter (CF551), the bandwidth of the filter does not change in FM Narrow mode.

FM IF
10.695MHz				IC551		FM
				FM IC
D940	Q551		Q554
RX OUT	AGC	D551	AGC	IC553
	AMP RX ATT AMP			Mixer IC Q558
10.695MHz						SSB/CW/FSK
Q971	IFGC
				CAR
				10.695MHz
	Q561	Q556			Q557
	Mute SW
		IF AMP		D555	Buffer
						AM

TX-RX unit (B/2) TX-RX unit (A/2) Filter section

D552

AGC

Q552

AGC AMP

Fig. 5 From the receiver second IF to detection

7

TS-480HX/480SAT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

■ From detection to AF output

As for the AF signal detected in each mode, a necessary mode for the signal is selected by the analog switch (IC733). The AF signal is amplified at IC224 and IC218 and converted to a digital signal by the CODEC (IC217), and is then sent to the DSP (IC220).

In the DSP, the basic signal processing such as AF gain, the interference elimination such as slope tune, and the noise reduction such as NR are performed for the signal. The signal is then converted to an analog signal again at the CODEC.

The analog signal is amplified at IC214, then re-amplified at the AF amplifier (IC734) to drive the speaker.

To utilize the convenience of the “completely separated panel type”, the internal speaker and the headphone terminal is mounted in the panel and the external speaker terminal is mounted in the transceiver.

To realize the priority of the received audio output (the headphone (top priority), the external speaker (the second priority), and the internal speaker (the third priority)), use the headphone and the external speaker jack having a switch to make each MCU (X54 IC3, X57 IC204) recognize the condition of the inserted plug and switch the relay set on the output of the AF amplifier (IC734) in order to select an appropriate path.

IC733

Analog SW

IC218

IC224 (A/2)

FM

SSB

CW

FSK

AM

TX-RX unit (A/2)

IC217				IC220
CODEC				DSP

IC214

(A/2)

IC734

AF AMP

Panel

EXT. SP

(INT. SP/Headphone)

Fig. 6 From detection to AF output

Transmitter Circuit

There are two types of transmission output: 200W (TS480HX) and 100W (TS-480SAT). The 100 W transceiver has an internal antenna tuner.

With the presence of the internal antenna tuner, the final section (A/3), the LPF section (B/3), and the ANT section (C/3) of the final unit is different between the 200 W transceiver and the 100W transceiver (200W transceiver: X45-366, 100W transceiver: X45-365). The same type of the TX-RX unit (X57-663) and RF unit (X44-327) are used in both the 200W transceiver and the 100W transceiver, even though there is a small constant difference.

In addition, the same type of display unit (X54-341) is used in both the 200W transceiver and the 100W transceiver.

■ From the MIC terminal to modulation output

The frequency configuration of the transmitting part is double superheterodyne: the transmitter first IF (10.695MHz) and the transmitter second IF (73.095MHz). The same type 16-bit DSP as the receiver circuit is used in the audio signal processing stage.

The MIC terminal is mounted in the transceiver and a modular jack is also employed. This is the fist time an HF transceiver to has had a modular jack.

The AF signal input from the MIC terminal is amplified at the microphone amplifier (IC221) and passes through the analog switch (IC219), where it is amplified again at IC218. The AF signal is converted to a digital signal by the CODEC (IC217), and is then sent to the DSP (IC220).

In the DSP,. the MIC gain, the processor, and various filtering are performed for the signal and it is converted to an analog signal by the CODEC. The analog signal is amplified at IC214 and assigned to FM mode or a mode other than FM mode by the DAC: IC212 (used as the electrical volume), and is then sent to each modulation circuit.

MIC

FM MOD

IC219

IC217

IC212

Analog

CODEC

DAC

IC221

SW

IC218

SSB/AM/FSK

IC214

Balanced MOD

MIC AMP

(B/2)

(B/2)

TX-RX unit (A/2)

IC220

DSP

Fig. 7 From the MIC terminal to modulation output

Signal Path Before/ After the CODEC

The signal path changes corresponding to the transmission/reception since the CODEC exchanges the signal with the optional unit (VGS-1).

■ Functions relating to transmission

1) Modulation input path

The output signal sent from the analog switch (IC219) enters the CODEC, and is then sent to the DSP (IC220).

•The signal sent from the microphone is output from pin 11 to pin 10 of the analog switch.

•The signal sent from the data terminal (ANI) is output from pin 1 to pin 2 of the analog switch.

•The message output signal (DRO) sent from the optional unit (VGS-1) is output from pin 4 to pin 3 of the analog switch.

2) Modulation output path

The AF signal processed at the DSP (IC220) enters the CODEC (IC217) again and is amplified at IC214. The signal amplified at IC214 passes through the following signal paths in FM mode and SSB/ AM/ FSK mode. (The MIC gain is decided at the DSP, not DAC (IC212), in both modes.)

•FM mode

The signal enters pin 21 of the DAC, and is then sent from pin 22 to the FM modulation circuit (FMOD).

•SSB/ AM/ FSK mode

The signal enters pin 24 of the DAC, and is then sent from pin 23 to the balanced modulation circuit (SMOD).

8

TS-480HX/480SAT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3) Recording a message

The signal sent from the microphone is output from pin 11 to pin 10 of the analog switch (IC219), where it enters into the CODEC (IC217). The signal sent from the CODEC enters pin 13 of the DAC (IC212), and is then sent from pin 14 to the optional unit (VGS-1) to be recorded.

■ Constant received audio recording function

1) Recording

A part of the received audio signal is sent from the CODEC (IC217) to pin 13 of the DAC (IC212), and is then sent from pin 14 of the DAC to the optional unit (VGS-1) to be recorded. The recording level is automatically compensated to become constant and you cannot randomly change the level.

2) Playback

The output signal (VOI) sent from the optional unit (VGS-1) passes from pin 1 to pin 2 of the DAC. The signal passes from pin 8 to pin 9 of the analog switch (IC219), and is then mixed with the input signal of the AF amplifier (IC734). The DAC (IC212) controls the volume.

■ Other functions

1) Playing a message (monitor)

The output signal (VOI) sent from the optional unit (VGS-1) passes from pin 1 to pin 2 of the DAC. The signal passes from pin 8 to pin 9 of the analog switch (IC219), and is then mixed with the input signal of the AF amplifier (IC734). The DAC (IC212) controls the volume.

2) Playing a pre-recorded voice message

The above-mentioned signal path is also used for playing a pre-recorded voice message.

	IC218 (A/2)	DET
							AF OUT
	IC219				IC734
			IC217		AF AMP
	Anolog SW
			CODEC
	12
MIC					IC212
MIC	11	10			DAC
PKD	13			21	22		FMOD
	1	2
ANI				24	23
	5		IC220				SMOD
DRO
	4	3	DSP	16	15		ANO
DRO
		6		13	14	DRM
			VOS				Option
	8	9		2	1	VOI
VOO			VOAF				VGS-1
			VOO		TX-RX unit (A/2)

Fig. 8 Signal path before/after the CODEC

Modulation Circuit

The modulation signal processed at the DSP is sent to the modulation circuit. The circuit receiving the modulation signal is different between FM mode and SSB/ AM/ FSK mode.

1) SSB/ AM/ FSK mode

The modulation signal sent from the DAC (IC212) enters the balanced modulator (IC621) after inverting the phase at Q625. The 10.695MHz transmission signal sent from the balanced modulator is amplified at Q621 and is then sent to the next stage.

•AM mode

The DC voltage is applied to the pin 1 of the balanced modulator via D624. With the DC voltage, the AM carrier is generated since the balanced modulator becomes unbalanced.

•FSK mode

In conventional FSK mode, the frequency of the carrier was changed with the external keying signal. This trans-

ceiver generates the FSK signal by changing the single tone (AF) generated at the DSP. The balanced modulator performs the same operation as SSB mode.

•CW/FM mode

The necessary carrier wave is obtained by making the balanced modulator lose balance.

DC for Q625 AM/FSK (1/2)

SSB/AM/FSK Mod. IN

Differential Q625 input

(2/2)

TX-RX unit (A/2)

DSB OUT

10.695MHz

IC621

Balanced

Mod.

CAR 10.695MHz

Fig. 9 SSB/AM/FSK mode modulation circuit

9

TS-480HX/480SAT

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

2) FM mode

Although the circuit directly modulating the frequency of the VCO and the crystal oscillator was conventionally used, this transceiver uses a phase modulation circuit.

Set the variable capacity diode (D1) on the output of the DDS (IC1) working as the source of the reference frequency of the PLL circuit generating the first local oscillator (LO1). Some DC fixed bias is applied to the variable capacity diode (D1) in order to optimise the modulation sensitivity.

Although LO2 or the crystal oscillator (10.695MHz) is modulated in the conventional transceiver, the first local oscillator (LO1) is modulated in this transceiver.

Ref. OSC	L7	R31	R34
(31.2MHz)			L11 D1	FM Mod.
IN
from Q7				OUT
			L10	to Q9
TX-RX unit (A/2)		FM Mod.
		audio IN

Fig. 10 FM mode modulation circuit

■ From the modulation circuit to 10.695MHz

The transmission signal sent from the balanced modulator (IC621) is sent from the filter section (X57-663 B/2) of the TXRX unit to the TXIN terminal (pin 8) of CN555. It is possible to remove the unit to mount an optional IF filter and TCXO. You can mount two optional IF filters. The IF transmit signal passes through the XF931 (passband: 6kHz) in AM mode and XF932 (passband: 2.4kHz) in modes other than AM mode.

Although various IF filters can be selected, corresponding to the passband and mode when receiving, the IF filter is automatically selected by mode when transmitting. The transmit signal passes through the 10.695MHz IF filter, is amplified at the IF amplifier (Q901), and is then sent to the IFIN terminal (pin 10) of CN554 of the TX-RX unit (A/2).

The IF amplifier (Q901) performs the gain varying operation with the ALC voltage while transmitting. The ALC voltage controls gate 2 of Q901 and the AGC voltage is applied to gate 2 while receiving. The bias voltage transferred from D905 is provided to the source of Q901 while transmitting. Q903 turns ON while receiving and it discharges TXB voltage.

The transmit signal sent from the IF amplifier (Q901) passes through D903 and D901. While D903 turns ON when transmitting, D901 makes the attenuator operate by changing the impedance with the IFGC voltage which changes the IF transmit signal. The level variance works as the TGC function controlling the transmit gain.

The 10.695MHz transmit IF signal returned from the IFIN terminal (pin 10) of CN901 of the TX-RX unit (B/2) to the TXRX unit (A/2) is sent from CN501 of the TX-RX unit (A/2) to CN254 of the RF unit (X44-327) through a co-axial cable.

TX IF IN	D938	D934	XF931	D941 D932
10.695MHz			BW : 6kHz
			AM
		D936	XF932	D931
			BW : 2.4kHz
		SSB/CW/FM/FSK
TX IF OUT	D901	D903	Q901	D902
10.695MHz		D905
TXB
			Q903

	RXB	TX-RX unit (B/2)
		Filter section

Fig. 11 From the modulation circuit to 10.695MHz

■ From 10.695MHz to the drive output

The 10.695MHz transmit IF signal input into CN254 of the RF unit (X44-327) is converted to the transmit frequency in LO1 and LO2 and sent from CN1 to the final unit (A/3) as a drive output.

The 10.695MHz transmit IF signal is converted to 73.095 MHz by LO2 (62.4MHz: 4 x 15.6MHz (the reference frequency) ) using the transmit mixer (D256). The D256 operates as a RX mixer while receiving mode.

The converted signal passes through D254 and is amplified at the IF amplifier (Q252). D254 can change the level of the 73.095 MHz transmit IF signal by changing the impedance with the current corresponding to the PGC voltage. The level variance compensates the gain of the transmit signal when performing the power control.

The 73.095MHz transmit signal passes through the MCF (XF151) and is converted to the desired transmit frequency by LO1 in the final transmit mixer (IC251). This transceiver can reduce proximity spurious components since the signal passes through the MCF (passband: approximately 15kHz) when transmitting.

The signal sent from the final transmit mixer passes through the RF BPF and is amplified at the drive amplifier (Q3) to drive the final stage, and is then sent from CN1 to the final unit (A/3).

Many spurious components can be seen when the drive output signal is analysed with the spectrum analyser. This problem occurs when the transceiver is not properly adjusted or the gain balance is not normal (when the input level to the final transmit mixer (IC251) compensating the lack of gain of the final stage is excessively high).

RF unit

D256

PGC

XF151

TX IF IN

TX mixer

Q252

MCF

10.695MHz

D254

73.095MHz

LO2 IN

Q255

LO1 IN

73.125~

62.4MHz

133.095MHz

DRV OUT

RF BPF

1.8~54MHz

Q3

1.8~54MHz

IC251

Drive AMP

TX mixer

Fig. 12 From 10.695MHz to the drive output

10