Datex-Ohmeda Engstrom Service manual

Engström Ventilator

Technical Reference Manual

Engström Ventilator

Datex-Ohmeda products have unit serial numbers with coded logic which indicates a product
group code, the year of manufacture, and a sequential unit number for identification. The serial
number can be in one of two formats.

AAAX11111 AA AXX111111A A

The X represents an alpha character
indicating the year the product was
manufactured; J = 2004, K = 2005, etc.
IIII and O are not used.

The XX represents a number indicating
the year the product was manufactured;

04

= 2004, 05 = 2005, etc.

Engström Ventilator, ComWheel, D-fend and

EVair 03 are registered trademarks of

Datex-Ohmeda Inc.

Other brand names or product names used in this manual are trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective holders.

10/04 1505-1018-000

Technical Reference Manual

Engström Ventilator

This document is not to be reproduced in any manner, nor are the contents to be disclosed to
anyone, without the express authorization of the product service department, Datex-Ohmeda,
Ohmeda Drive, PO Box 7550, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707.

©

2004 Datex-Ohmeda Inc.

1505-1018-000 10/04

i

Engström Ventilator

Important

The information contained in this Technical Reference manual pertains only to those models of
products which are marketed by Datex-Ohmeda as of the effective date of this manual or the
latest revision thereof. This Technical Reference manual was prepared for exclusive use by
Datex-Ohmeda service personnel in light of their training and experience as well as the
availability to them of parts, proper tools and test equipment. Consequently, Datex-Ohmeda
provides this Technical Reference manual to its customers purely as a business convenience
and for the customer's general information only without warranty of the results with respect to
any application of such information. Furthermore, because of the wide variety of circumstances
under which maintenance and repair activities may be performed and the unique nature of each
individual's own experience, capacity, and qualifications, the fact that customer has received
such information from Datex-Ohmeda does not imply in anyway that Datex-Ohmeda deems said
individual to be qualified to perform any such maintenance or repair service. Moreover, it should
not be assumed that every acceptable test and safety procedure or method, precaution, tool,
equipment or device is referred to within, or that abnormal or unusual circumstances, may not
warrant or suggest different or additional procedures or requirements.

This manual is subject to periodic review, update and revision. Customers are cautioned to
obtain and consult the latest revision before undertaking any service of the equipment.
Comments and suggestions on this manual are invited from our customers. Send your
comments and suggestions to the Manager of Technical Communications, Datex-Ohmeda,
Ohmeda Drive, PO Box 7550, Madison, Wisconsin 53707.

wwww CAUTION

Servicing of this product in accordance with this
be undertaken in the absence of proper tools, test equipment and the most recent
revision to this service manual which is clearly and thoroughly understood.

Technical Competence

The procedures described in this Technical Reference manual should be performed by trained
and authorized personnel only. Maintenance should only be undertaken by competent
individuals who have a general knowledge of and experience with devices of this nature. No
repairs should ever be undertaken or attempted by anyone not having such qualifications.

Datex-Ohmeda strongly recommends using only genuine replacement parts, manufactured or
sold by Datex-Ohmeda for all repair parts replacements.

Read completely through each step in every procedure before starting the procedure; any
exceptions may result in a failure to properly and safely complete the attempted procedure.

Technical Reference

manual should never

ii

10/04 1505-1018-000

Table of Contents

Important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii

Technical Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii

1 Introduction

1.1 What this manual includes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.2 User’s Reference manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.2 Conventions used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.3 What is an Engström Ventilator? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

1.4 Ventilator overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

1.5 Display controls and indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

1.6 Ventilator display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

1.6.1 Using menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9

1.7 Symbols used in the manual or on the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

1505-1018-000 10/04 1

Engström Ventilator

2 Theory of Operation

3 Checkout Procedure

2.1 Pneumatic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2.1.1 Inspiratory circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2.1.2 Expiratory circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

2.1.3 Associated circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

2.1.4 Electronic micropump nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

2.2 Electrical Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

2.2.1 Display Unit (DU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

2.2.2 Communication channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

2.2.3 Ventilator Control Board - VCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2.2.4 Ventilator Monitoring Board - VMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.2.5 Power Management Board – PMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

2.2.6 Other Electronic Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

2.2.7 Motherboard (backplane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

2.2.8 Monitoring Interface Board – Monitoring Module Bays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

3.1 Inspect the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

3.2 Automated Checkout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

3.3 Backlight test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

3.4 Power failure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

3.5 Electrical safety tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

4 Installation and Service Menus

4.1 Service and Installation menu structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

4.2 Install/Service Menu (Super User) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

4.2.1 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4

4.2.2 Factory Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

4.3 Calibration menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6

4.4 Service menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

4.4.1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8

4.4.2 Copy Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

4.4.3 Service Log menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4.4.4 Software/Hardware version menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

2 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

5.1 Calibration (super-user) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.2 Service level tests and calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

Table of Contents

5.1.1 Calibration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

5.2.1 Service application setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.2.2 Test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.2.3 Vent engine debris clean-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5

5.2.4 Vent engine leak test (low pressure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6

5.2.5 Vent engine leak test (high O2 pressure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8

5.2.6 Vent engine leak test (high Air pressure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

5.2.7 Calibrate airway pressure transducer Zero and Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

5.2.8 Verify operation of free- breathing valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14

5.2.9 Verify operation of inspiratory effort valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16

5.2.10 Verify operation of auxiliary pressure relief valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

5.2.11 Mechanical over-pressure valve test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20

5.2.12 Verify regulator output pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

6 Maintenance

7 Troubleshooting

6.1 Engström Ventilator planned maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

6.1.1 Every twelve (12) months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

6.1.2 Every forty-eight (48) months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

6.2 Battery capacity test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-3

7.1 Troubleshooting Checkout Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

7.1.1 Paw Transducer Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

7.1.2 Barometric pressure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

7.1.3 Low Pressure Leak and Compliance Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

7.1.4 Safety Valve Relief and Back Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

7.1.5 Exhalation Valve Calibration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4

7.1.6 Exhalation Flow Sensor Calibration Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4

7.1.7 Measure Breathing Circuit Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4

7.1.8 Air Inspiratory Flow Sensor Calibration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5

7.1.9 O2 Inspiratory Flow Sensor Calibration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5

7.1.10 O2 Sensor Test and Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5

7.2 Troubleshooting Vent Engine Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6

7.3 Alarm message troubleshooting chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

7.4 Troubleshooting Service App messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26

1505-1018-000 10/04 3

Engström Ventilator

8 Service Diagnostics and Software Download

8.1 EV Service Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2

8.1.1 Main Menu and System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-2

8.1.2 Power Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-3

8.1.3 Power Controller Power Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-4

8.1.4 Display Unit Power Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-6

8.2 Display Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-7

8.3 Special Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-8

8.3.1 View Revision Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-9

8.3.2 View PC Card Install Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8-9

8.4 Software Download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10

8.5 EV Service Application (PC based) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

8.5.1 Port Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

8.5.2 Main Menu and System Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

8.6 VCB Diagnostics and Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

8.6.1 Sensirion Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13

8.6.2 VCB Input Signal Latch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

8.6.3 VCB Channel Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15

8.6.4 VCB Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16

8.6.5 Calibrations and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17

8.7 VMB Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18

9 Repair Procedures

8.7.1 VMB Channel Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19

8.7.2 VMB Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20

8.7.3 VMB Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20

8.7.4 Baro P Cal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-20

9.1 Circuit Board Replacement precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-3

9.1.1 Software download . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-3

9.1.2 Required calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-3

9.2 How to bleed gas pressure from the machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-4

9.3 Accessing chassis components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-4

9.3.1 To remove the chassis from the housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-5

9.3.2 To remove the Vent Engine from the chassis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-5

9.3.3 To replace chassis mounted components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-6

9.3.4 To replace Vent Engine components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-6

4 10/04 1505-1018-000

10 Illustrated Parts

Engström Ventilator

9.4 Servicing the Display Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-7

9.4.1 Remove the Display Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-7

9.4.2 Disassemble the Display Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-8

9.4.3 To replace the CPU board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9-9

9.4.4 To replace the LCD display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

9.4.5 To replace the backlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-11

9.4.6 To replace the Inverters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12

9.4.7 To replace the front enclosure or components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13

9.5 Adjusting the display arm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15

9.5.1 Adjust upper pivot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15

9.5.2 Adjust lower pivot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16

9.5.3 Adjust arm bearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16

9.6 Removing a compressor from the cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17

10.1 Service tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

10.1.1 Software tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

10.1.2 Manual shut-off valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

10.1.3 Special tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

10.1.4 Leak test devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

10.1.5 Lubricants and Adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5

10.2 External components - front view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6

Schematics and Diagrams

10.3 External components - rear view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7

10.4 Display arm mounting hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8

10.5 Display arm assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10

10.6 Display Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12

10.7 Main enclosure (external) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14

10.8 Main enclosure (internal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-16

10.9 Vent Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18

10.10 Outlet manifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20

10.11 Inlet manifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-22

10.12 AC power cords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23

10.13 AC Inlet/Outlet Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24

10.14 Cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-26

10.15 Module rack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-28

10.16 Compressor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29

10.16 Exhalation valve assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-30

1505-1018-000 10/04 5

Notes

6 10/04 1505-1018-000

1 Introduction

In this section

This section provides a general overview of the Engström Ventilator.

1.1 What this manual includes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.2 User’s Reference manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.2 Conventions used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2

1.3 What is an Engström Ventilator? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3

1.4 Ventilator overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4

1.5 Display controls and indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6

1.6 Ventilator display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-7

1.6.1 Using menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-9

1.7 Symbols used in the manual or on the equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

1505-1018-000 10/04 1-1

Engström Ventilator

1.1 What this manual includes

This manual covers the service information for the Engström Ventilator.

It covers the following components:

• Display Unit

• Integral electronics

• Gas delivery components

• Frame component

Other equipment

Other equipment may be attached to the system. Consult separate
documentation relative to these items for details.

1.2 User’s Reference manuals

Some sections of this manual refer you to the User’s Reference manual for the
Engström Ventilator. To expedite repairs, you must have, and be familiar with,
the User’s Reference manual for this product.

Refer to the Engström Ventilator User’s Reference manual if you need further
information about the operation of the system.

Conventions used

Hard keys

Menu selections

Names of the hard keys on the display and modules are written in bold
typeface, for example,

Menu selections are written in bold italic typeface, for example,

Setup

.

Normal Screen

.

Patient

Messages

Sections and headings

1-2 10/04 1505-1018-000

Messages that are displayed on the screen are enclosed in single quotes, for
example, ‘Check sample gas out.’

When referring to different sections or headings in the User’s Reference
manual, the name is written in italic typeface and is enclosed in double
quotes, for example,

“System Controls and Menus.”

1.3 What is an Engström Ventilator?

The Engström Ventilator (EV) is a flexible, adaptable, and intuitive critical care
ventilator. A wide selection of performance options gives the user full control
of the system configuration.

The EV must only be operated by authorized medical personnel well trained in
the use of this product, for patient ventilation in the intensive care
environment. It must be operated according to the instructions in this User’s
Reference manual.

The ventilator is designed to be used with infant through adult patients with a
body weight of 5 kg or greater. The EV is designed to maintain lung ventilation
in the absence of spontaneous breathing effort as well as in support of the
patient’s existing spontaneous breathing effort.

The system is designed for facility use, including within-facility transport.

The ventilator consists of three main components: a display, a ventilator unit,
and an optional module bay. The display allows the user to interface with the
system and control settings. The ventilator unit controls electrical power,
nebulization, and pneumatic gas flow to and from the patient. The module bay
allows the integration of various patient monitoring modules with the
ventilator.

1 Introduction

Optional accessories include an air compressor, airway modules, module
bay, humidifier and water trap mounting brackets, and auxiliary electrical
outlets.

Figure 1-1 • Engström Ventilator (EV)

1505-1018-000 10/04 1-3

Engström Ventilator

1.4 Ventilator overview

7

6

5

1

891011

2

3

12

13

AB.98.011

4

1. Module bay (optional)

2. Ventilator lock [locks Ventilator unit (item 6) to Cart (item 3)]

3. Cart

4. Caster

5. Dovetail rails

6. Ventilator unit

7. Display

8. Nebulizer connection

9. Exhalation valve housing

10. Expiratory inlet

11. Expiratory flow sensor

12. Gas exhaust port

13. Leak test plug

14. Exhalation valve housing latch

15. Water trap

16. Auxiliary pressure port

17. Inspiratory outlet

AB.98.007

1617

1415

Figure 1-2 • Front view of the EV

1-4 10/04 1505-1018-000

15
14
13

1 Introduction

1

2
3

19

12

4

18

5

3

11

6

2

10

7

9

8

AB.98.009

1. Display fan filter

2. Display connection

3. Module bay connection

4. AC mains inlet

5. System switch

6. Equipotential connector

7. Oxygen supply connection (pipeline)

8. Air supply connection (pipeline or compressor)

9. Module bay mounting thumbscrews

10. Ventilator unit fan filter

11. Serial communication port (RS 232 port)

12. Arm holder

13. RS 485 port (not currently supported)

14. RS 485 port (not currently supported)

15. RS 422 port (used to communicate with PC based Service Application — Refer to Section 8.5)

16. Network ID connection

17. Ethernet connection

18. DIS port (not currently supported)

19. USB port

AB.98.045

1617

Figure 1-3 • Back view of the E V

1505-1018-000 10/04 1-5

Engström Ventilator

1.5 Display controls and indicators

8

3

1

2

3

7

6

3

1 Alarm LEDs The red and yellow LEDs indicate the priority of active alarms.
2 Alarm Silence key Push to silence any active, silenceable high and medium priority alarms or

to suspend any non-active medium priority alarms. Alarm audio is silenced

or suspended for 120 seconds. Push to clear resolved alarms.
3 Menu keys Push to show corresponding menu.
4 ComWheel Push to select a menu item or confirm a setting. Turn clockwise or

counterclockwise to scroll menu items or change settings.
5 Normal Screen key Push to remove all menus from the screen.
6AC mains indicator The green LED lights continuously when the EV is connected to an AC mains

source. The internal batteries are charging when the LED is lit.
7 Quick keys Push to change corresponding ventilator setting. Turn the ComWheel to

make a change. Push the Quick key or ComWheel to activate the change.
8100% O2 key Push to deliver 100% O

for 2 minutes.

2

5

4

AB.98.012

Figure 1-4 • Controls and indicators

1-6 10/04 1505-1018-000

1.6 Ventilator display

1 Introduction

12 34

•

5

6

AB.98.013

8

1 Alarm silence symbol

and countdown

2 Alarm message fields Alarms will appear in order of priority. Refer to

3Waveform fields The top two waveforms are permanently set to Paw and Flow. The third waveform may be selected

4 General message field Displays informational messages.
5 Clock The time may be set in 12 or 24 hour format in the Time and Date menu.
6 Measured value fields Displays current measured values corresponding to the waveforms.
7 Digit field Displays information related to Volume, CO2, O2, Compliance or Spirometry.

8Ventilator settings Displays several of the settings for the current mode of ventilation.

Displays the time remaining during an alarm silence or alarm suspend period.

“Alarms and Troubleshooting”

on alarm behavior.

as CO2, O2, Vol, Paux, or Off.

7

for more information

Figure 1-5 • Normal Screen view

1505-1018-000 10/04 1-7

Engström Ventilator

1

When a menu key is selected the waveform fields start at the right edge of the
menu. The entire waveform is always displayed.

2

1. Menu

2. Waveform fields

Figure 1-6 • Menu view

1-8 10/04 1505-1018-000

AB.98.014

1 Introduction

1.6.1 Using menus

Push a menu key to display the corresponding menu. Use the ComWheel to
navigate through the menu.

1

2

3

6

4

Xxxxxx Xxxxxx

5

AB.91.007

1. Menu title

2. Present selection

3. Adjustment window

4. Indicates submenu

5. Short instructions

6. Menu selections

Figure 1-7 • Example menu

1. Push the menu key to display the corresponding menu.

2. Turn the ComWheel counterclockwise to highlight the next menu item.
(Turn the ComWheel clockwise to highlight the previous menu item.)

3. Push the ComWheel to enter the adjustment window or a submenu.

4. Turn the ComWheel clockwise or counterclockwise to highlight the
desired selection.

5. Push the ComWheel to confirm the selection.

6. Select

Normal Screen

or push the

Normal Screen

and return to the normal monitoring display. (Select

key to exit the menu

Previous Menu

to

return to the last displayed menu, if available.)

1505-1018-000 10/04 1-9

Engström Ventilator

1.7 Symbols used in the manual or on the equipment

Symbols replace words on the equipment, on the display, or in
Datex-Ohmeda manuals.

Warnings and Cautions tell about the dangerous conditions that can occur if
the instructions in the manual are not followed.

Warnings tell about a condition that can cause injury to the operator or the
patient.

Cautions tell about a condition that can cause damage to the equipment.
Read and follow all warnings and cautions.

l

p
o
wW

REF

†
y
Y

z
t

On (power)

Off (power)

O

On for part of the equipment

Off for part of the equipment

œ

Standby

Attention, refer to product instructions
IEC 60601-1

Stock number

Direct current

m
w

SN

Type B protection against
electrical shock

Caution, ISO 7000-0434

Serial number

Alternating current

∏

Earth ground

Protective earth ground

x

Equipotential connector Fuse

Lock

Unlock

Z

Variability

Variability in steps

T

+

N

N

N

1-10 10/04 1505-1018-000

Plus, positive polarity

-

Movement in one direction

ˆ

This way up Warning, dangerous voltage

Minus, negative polarity

Movement in both directions

1 Introduction

Pneumatic inlet Pneumatic outlet

Electrical input Electrical output

Inspiratory port Expiratory port

Electrical testing certification Inspiratory breath identifier

Serial port Module data indicator

Module bay port Electronic micropump nebulizer

Auxiliary pressure port Display signal input/output

No battery/battery failure Battery in use. Bar indicates

amount of battery power
remaining.

Silence alarms Submenu

Hourmeter Drain outlet

1505-1018-000 10/04 1-11

Engström Ventilator

Air Pump

Heavy object USB port

134°C

Ethernet connection Network ID connection

Autoclavable

ID

X1

(Datex-Ohmeda proprietary port)

Not autoclavable

Í

Authorized representative in the
European Community

XXXX

Systems with this mark agree with
the European Council Directive
(93/42/EEC) for Medical Devices
when they are used as specified in
their User’s Reference Manuals.
The xxxx is the certification number
of the Notified Body used by
Datex-Ohmeda’s Quality Systems.

1-12 10/04 1505-1018-000

2 Theory of Operation

In this section

2.1 Pneumatic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2.1.1 Inspiratory circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2

2.1.2 Expiratory circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-7

2.1.3 Associated circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

2.1.4 Electronic micropump nebulizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-8

2.2 Electrical Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

2.2.1 Display Unit (DU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-9

2.2.2 Communication channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

2.2.3 Ventilator Control Board - VCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

2.2.4 Ventilator Monitoring Board - VMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

2.2.5 Power Management Board – PMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

2.2.6 Other Electronic Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

2.2.7 Motherboard (backplane) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

2.2.8 Monitoring Interface Board – Monitoring Module Bays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-17

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-1

Engström Ventilator

2.1 Pneumatic Operation

For a complete diagram of the pneumatic system, refer to Figure 11-2, "

Engine manifold flow diagram

" in Section11.

Vent

The EV requires a medical-grade oxygen (O2) and Air source ranging from 2.4
to 6.5 bar (35 to 94 psi).

The system includes two separate channels (O2 and Air) to provide dynamic
mixture control of the delivered O2 percentage.

The Air supply may include an optional compressor unit {1} for applications
where pipeline Air is not available or to provide a continued Air supply if the
pipeline supply goes down.

Air

O2

2.1.1 Inspiratory circuit

{1}

Air

Compressed gas enters the EV through an inlet fitting {2} that is particular to
the institution’s supply system. The gas is filtered through a 2-micron
particulate filter {3} as it enters the ventilator’s “pneumatic engine” manifold.

A high-pressure transducer {4} having a dynamic range of 0 to 8.3 bar
(0 to 120 psi) is tapped at the outlet of the filter. This transducer monitors the
adequacy of the supply pressure. Failures of supply gas, coupling hoses or an
occluded filter are identified by the supply pressure transducer.

{4}

High Pressure

Transducer

{2}

Primary

Inlet

{3}

Inlet
Filter

P

Check

Valve

2-2 10/04 1505-1018-000

2 Theory of Operation

Next in the downstream path of flow is a check valve {5}. The check valve
prevents backflow from the EV that would possibly contaminate the supply
pressure lines. For example; if the O
the O2 channel will prevent Air from moving back into the O2 supply lines.

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Primary

Inlet

Inlet
Filter

Check

Valv e

{5}

Downstream from the check valve is a 172 kPa (25 psi) pressure regulator {6}.
(The regulator is a non-relieving type that does not bleed gas into the
ventilator’s enclosure.) The regulator ensures a constant pressure supply to
the flow valve {8}. The regulated supply is flow rate dependant, which is
compensated for in the flow valve’s on-site calibration.

supply were to be lost, the check valve in

2

{8}

Flow

Valv e

Primary

Inlet

Inlet
Filter

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Check

Valv e

{6}

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

{7}

Flow

Test
Port

Sensor

H

T

Between the regulator and the flow valves is the inspiratory flow sensor {7}.
The sensor is a thermal mass-flow type that injects heat into the flow stream
and monitors the associated temperature rise at a downstream location. The
temperature change is dependent on the mass flow of the flow stream and
the specific heat of the gas moving through the sensor. Since the composition
of gas in the sensor is known, a conversion of mass-flow rate to volumetric
flow at ambient conditions can be made using the ambient density of the gas.
The sensor uses a laminar (two channel) flow element to split a portion of the
flow through the sensor past the heat injection and temperature sensing
elements. The sensor is pre-calibrated and includes an electronic PCB that
produces direct digital output of mass flow through an RS-232 interface.

Individual flow sensors measure the volume of gas dispensed from the O

and

2

Air channels during inspiration and expiration. The relative proportion of gas
dispensed from each channel is continuously adjusted to precisely control the
percentage of O2 delivered to the patient.

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-3

Engström Ventilator

Downstream of the flow sensor is a flow valve {8} that meters flows from
approximately 0.05 l/min (leakage level) to a full flow value of 160 l/min. The
valve is a normally- closed proportional solenoid that is powered by a current
feedback loop. When calibrated on-site, using data from the inspiratory flow
sensor, a precise volumetric flow versus input current profile is developed that
includes both the valve and regulator characteristics.

{8}

Valv e

Flow

Primary

Inlet

Inlet
Filter

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Check

Valv e

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

H

T

Following the two individual flow valves is the total flow sensor {10}. This
sensor is the same type as the individual flow sensors and is used to measure
the combined inspiratory flow being dispensed from the system. Using the
known mixture composition along with atmospheric pressure and gas
temperature information, mass-flow data from the sensor is converted to
delivered volumetric flow towards the patient. During calibration, the sensor is
checked against the output of the O

and Air flow sensors to ensure proper

2

operation.

Flow

Flow

Sensor

H

T

Flow

Sensor

H

T

Valv e

Flow

Valv e

Air

Pneumatic
Resistor

{10}

Tot al Flow

H

T

Inspiratory
Effort
Valv e

Free Breathing

O

2

Check Valve

2-4 10/04 1505-1018-000

2 Theory of Operation

Following the total flow sensor are the free-breathing check valve {11} and the
inspiratory effort valve {12}.

During normal operation, the inspiratory effort valve is open, allowing the
free-breathing check valve to admit flow if the patient draws a significant
amount of inspiratory pressure, causing the airway pressure to become more
negative than -0.5 cm H
to spontaneously breathe in case of a ventilation delivery failure.

On occasion, to assess the patient’s tolerance to be weaned from the
ventilator, clinicians can determine the amplitude of inspiratory effort that the
patient can create. During this “procedure”, the inspiratory effort valve is
closed, effectively locking out the free breathing valve from the patient circuit.

Flow

Flow

Sensor

H

T

Valv e

O. The free-breathing check valve allows the patient

2

Pneumatic
Resistor

P

Expiratory Press

Air

Tot al Flow

H

T

Flow

Sensor

H

T

Flow

Valv e

Inspiratory
Effort
Valv e

{12}

Free Breathing

O

2

Check Valve

{11}

{13}

O2 Sensor

O

2

Auxil

Next in the flow path is the O2 sensor {13}. The sensor is used to monitor the
O2 concentration produced by the combined O2 and Air flows.

The O2 sensor uses the paramagnetic principle (oxygen molecules are
attracted in magnetic fields) to measure the oxygen concentration. The sensor
includes two nitrogen-filled glass spheres mounted on a suspension
containing a conductive coil that is located in a non-uniform magnetic field.
When the system is disturbed by an impulse of current, the suspension begins
to oscillate, inducing an EMF into the coil. The oscillation period of the
induced EMF is dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen surrounding the
suspension.

As sample gas fills the sensor, oxygen that is present in the sample is
attracted into the strongest part of the magnetic field. This congregation of O
molecules alters the natural oscillation frequency of the suspension.
Calculations based on the difference between the oscillation period for an
oxygen sample and that for nitrogen, and readings from the absolute pressure
transducer, determine the measured O

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-5

percentage.

2

2

Engström Ventilator

n

Expirat

As a safety measure, a relief valve {14}, located downstream from the O2
sensor, can be energized to vent the full flow rate of the inspiratory delivery
side of the system. If an overpressure condition is detected, the valve can be
opened by either of the EV’s two control processors. To provide redundant
safety (independent of the electronic circuits), the valve begins to
mechanically relieve pressure at a nominal 115 cm H

Flow

Flow

Sensor

H

T

Valv e

Air

Pneumatic
Resistor

Tot al Flow

T

Expiratory Pressure

H

O2 Sensor

O.

2

ory Zero

Valv e

P

Exhalatio

Valv e

{15}

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Valv e

O

2

Flow

Sensor

H

T

Flow

Valv e

Inspiratory
Effort
Valv e

Safety

Free Breathing

O

2

Check Valve

Relief Valve

{14}

Auxiliary Pressure

Relief

The inspiratory airway pressure transducer {15}, along with its associated
zeroing valve, is located just prior to the inspiratory outlet port. This
transducer has a range of –20 to 120 cm H2O and serves as one of three
airway pressure measuring devices in the EV.

2-6 10/04 1505-1018-000

2 Theory of Operation

2.1.2 Expiratory circuit At the expiratory side of the ventilator, a solenoid powered exhalation valve

{16} controls exhaust from the breathing circuit. The valve contains an
elastomer diaphragm that is held against a rigid seat by a solenoid (voice coil)
driven piston. The valve achieves a balance between the pressure generated
within its 21-mm diameter seat area and the force applied by the piston,
releasing exhalation flow as necessary to maintain balance. The proportional
solenoid controls the exhalation sealing pressure within a range of 0 to 100
cm H

O. Software control provides continuous oscillatory movement

2

(dithering) of the exhalation valve to minimize static friction effects.

{20}

H

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

{19}

EXP

22 / 15 mm

Male / Female

INSP

22 / 15 mm

Male / Female

From

Patient

To

Micropump

Nebulizer

Patient

Air

Pneumatic
Resistor

Tot al Flow

T

H

Inspiratory
Effort
Valv e

Pneumatic

Resistor

{18}

Expiratory Zero

P

Expiratory Pressure

Valv e

{16}

Exhalation

Valv e

{17}

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

O2 Sensor

O

2

Safety

Valv e

Immediately upstream of the exhalation valve is a tap for the expiratory
pressure transducer {17} and its associated zeroing valve. The expiratory
pressure tap is continuously purged with 35 ml/min of air to ensure that
exhaled condensate does not occlude the tap. The air flow is established from
the regulated Air supply using a fixed orifice (pneumatic resistor) {18}.

Downstream of the exhalation valve is the expiratory flow transducer {19}. In
principle, the transducer is similar to a hot-wire anemometer. A wire having a
large “temperature to electrical resistance” relationship is placed in the
flowstream. The wire is kept at a constant temperature using a Wheatstone
bridge circuit. The current necessary to maintain the resistance of the sensor
portion of the bridge is a function of the flow through the sensor.

At the output of the flow sensor is a flapper type check valve {20} that
prevents gas from being drawn in through the expiratory valve and minimizes
patient rebreathing in the event of a ventilator failure.

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-7

Engström Ventilator

2.1.3 Associated circuits Associated with the inspiratory and expiratory pressure transducers are two

“zeroing” solenoid valves {21} and {22}. These valves are used to disconnect
the pressure transducers from circuit pressure and vent them to atmosphere
during zero bias calibration. This zeroing procedure is conducted routinely
(every 12 hours) under the control of the Vent Engine software.

Pneumatic

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

Air

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Sensor

Test

Port

T

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow
Valve

Flow

H

Flow

Flow

Valve

H

{25}

Pneumatic
Resistor

T

Tota l Flow

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

H

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Resistor

{24}

Purge Valve

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Auxiliary Pressure

Relief Valve

{23}

Transducer

P

{22}

Expiratory Zero

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

Safety

P

{26}

{21}

Inspiratory Zero

Relief

Valve

Valve

Exhalation

Valve

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

H

EXP

22 / 15 mm

Male / Female

P

a

tie

n

t

INSP

22 / 15 mm

Male / Female

Micropump

Nebulizer

{27}

Paux

1/8,3/16, 1/4 inch Stepped Hose Barb

A third (auxiliary) pressure channel {23} is used to measure additional patient
“airway” pressures at the discretion of the clinician. This port could be used to
measure circuit pressure directly at the airway, laryngeal cuff pressures or
pressures lower in the airway tract. The transducer circuit includes a valve {24}
to provide a 35 ml/min purge flow as required by the particular clinical
application. For example, in measuring airway pressure at the endotracheal
tube the purge would most likely be turned on, but for measuring laryngeal
cuff pressures (closed system) the purge would be turned off. The purge flow
is established from the regulated Air supply using a fixed orifice (pneumatic
resistor) {25}. The relief valve {26} limits pressure in the auxiliary channel to
less than 230 cm H

O.

2

2.1.4 Electronic

micropump nebulizer

The Aeroneb Professional Nebulizer System (Aeroneb Pro) by Aerogen, Inc.
{27} is integrated into the EV. This nebulizer is electrically connected to the EV
and uses proprietary technology to produce a fine-droplet, low-velocity
aerosolized drug delivered into the breathing circuit.

The Aeroneb Pro is designed to operate in-line with standard ventilator
circuits and mechanical ventilators. It operates without changing the patient
ventilator parameters.

2-8 10/04 1505-1018-000

2 Theory of Operation

2.2 Electrical Operation

For a complete diagram of the electrical system, refer to Figure 11-4,
"Electrical architecture" in Section11.

The EV includes 4 major processor control boards:

• the Display Unit (DU),

• the Ventilator Control Board (VCB),

• the Ventilation Monitoring Board (VMB),

• and the Power Management Board (PMB).

Two analog boards — the motherboard (backplane) and the monitoring
module power supply board — round out the electronic architecture.

2.2.1 Display Unit (DU) The DU is physically separate from the ventilator chassis (connected through

a single cable running through the display arm). The DU contains a CPU board
based on the Elan SC520 processor. A small daughter board (DU Interface
board), provides a communications interface between the DU’s CPU
and the remainder of the EV system. A second daughter board (DU Connector
board), provides hardware connector interfaces for the USB ,

ID

Network ID , Ethernet , and DIS (Display Interface Solution) ports.

X1

The CPU board includes a PCMCIA (PC Card) interface.

The DU’s CPU board provides power and signals for operating the main audio
speaker and a 12 inch (30 cm) backlit color LCD display, providing an
interactive video interface. Membrane keys from three front-panel keypads
and a rotary encoder (ComWheel) complete the loop for acquiring user inputs.

The DU housing contains a continuously operating fan for temperature
reduction.

Display Unit

PC Card

Keypad

Knob

UARTs

DU Infc Bd

LCD Display

Display Unit

CPU Board

CPU Elan

SC520

Speaker

DU Conn Bd

DIS

Ethernet USB

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-9

Net

ID

Engström Ventilator

2.2.2 Communication
channels

The DU communicates to the remainder of the EV system through the
motherboard using 5 digital channels.

[1] A 500 Kbaud, RS-485 interface (Mod Bus: Datex-Ohmeda proprietary

module communication protocol), to external monitoring modules. This
link runs through the Monitoring Module Power supply board which forms
the physical interface to the M-Gas (and ultimately other) monitoring
modules.

Additionally, the Mod Bus interfaces with the PSM (Patient Side Module)
support circuitry (future expansion).

[2] A 38.4 Kbaud, RS-422 interface relays setting and alarm annunciation

information from the VMB, and receives alarm commands and data.

[3] A 38.4 Kbaud, RS-422 interface relays setting and alarm annunciation

information from the VCB, and receives sensor data for presentation to the
user as well as alarm commands. As described later, the VMB also
communicates directly to the VCB, thus there exists a triangle of bi­directional communication paths between the DU, VCB and VMB.

[4] An RS-232 Serial port that routes to an external connector directly on the

motherboard. This link ports data from the DU to other compatible
equipment via the Ohmeda Com 1 protocol.

[5] A 38.4 Kbaud, RS-232 link to the PMB. Aside from providing battery and

power information to the DU, this link is used to confirm a “hard” power
down of the EV with user inputs to the DU being relayed to the PMB for
power down action.

2-10 10/04 1505-1018-000

Display Unit

2 Theory of Operation

Module Bay

M-Gas

Intel 196

Processor

External I/O:
PCMCIA (2)

External I/O:
DIS

Ethernet
Net ID
USB

Mod Bus,

DU Controls

Atmel

ATmega 16

Processor

RS-485
500 Kbaud

Serial

9.6 Kbaud

Display Unit CPU
AMD Elan SC520

Processor

C&T 69000

Display Processsor

Color LCD

EV Chassis

RS-232

38.4 Kbaud

RS-232 Serial

External I/O

RS-422

38.4 Kbaud
RS-422

38.4 Kbaud

ISA

DU - UPI

Hitachi H8

Bus

Processor

Mod Bus,

RS-485
500 Kbaud

[1]

RS 485

RS 485

RS 422

RS 232

PSM

Future
Expansion

Future
Expansion

External
I/O Serial

RS-485

19.2 Kbaud

RS-422

19.2 Kbaud

VCB

Vent Control

Board

Motorola

Coldfire V4

Processor

PMB

Power

Management

Board
Atmel A Tmega
128 Processor

RS-422

921.6 Kbaud

RS-422

38.4 Kbaud

RS-232

38.4 Kbaud

VMB

Vent Monitor

Board
Atmel A Tmega
128 Processor

RS-422

38.4 Kbaud

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

AB.98.064

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-11

Engström Ventilator

2.2.3 Ventilator
Control Board -

VCB

The VCB is a Motorola Coldfire V4 CPU powered assembly that:

• collects information from all EV system sensors (some indirectly from the VMB),

• and controls all actuators necessary to effect ventilation delivery.

The VCB computes and supplies all ventilation sensor monitoring data for display on
the DU. If there are alarms to be generated based on this monitoring data, the VCB
notifies the DU to post the appropriate alarm message and audio sequence. The VCB
observes the DU’s response to ensure that the alarm is adequately presented.

To control ventilation, the VCB accepts ventilation parameters from the DU. Measured
data (waveform and numeric) is also sent to the DU from the VCB. This data flow occurs
on the 38.4 Kbaud, RS-422 communications link (VCB - DU Data I/O).

The VCB also communicates directly with the VMB every 1 ms, receiving expiratory flow,
expiratory pressure and O
Sensor Data I/O). Barometric pressure data is also received from the VMB, but at a
lower data rate.

The following sensor information is acquired directly by the VCB:

• Air Flow/Temp sensor through the RS-232 cable interface @ 200 Hz,

• O2 Flow/Temp sensor through the RS-232 cable interface @ 200 Hz,

• Total Flow/Temp sensor through the RS-232 cable interface @ 200 Hz,

• Inspiratory Pressure sensor via a differential analog signal – 12 bits @ 1000 Hz.

• Auxiliary Pressure sensor via a differential analog signal – 12 bits @ 1000 Hz.

sensor data on the 921.6 Kbaud, RS-422 interface (VMB

2

The VCB contains actuator drive circuits for the following:

• the Air and O2 Flow Valves,

• the Exhalation Valve,

• the Inspiratory Pressure Sensor zeroing valve

• and the Auxiliary Pressure Sensor purge flow valve.

All valve actuators are driven using current drive circuits and feedback controlled using
current sense resistors. The VCB contains digital control signals for activating the
inspiratory effort and safety relief valves (through the VMB) and the Piezo-Electric
Nebulizer.

The VCB receives 12.5 Vdc from the PMB, which it regulates down to various voltages
for use by the board’s digital circuits and analog drivers. These voltage levels are self­tested on the VCB.

An additional 12.5 Vdc power line is separately connected to an auxiliary buzzer on the
VCB that provides a backup audio alarm source. The buzzer is normally on and must be
kept silent by both the VCB and through a dedicated digital line coming from the VMB.
A reset or failure of either the VCB or VMB is regarded as a system fault and the buzzer
is activated.

The VCB includes 1 MB of SRAM and 8 MB of Flash memory. The CPU is connected to a
digital watchdog circuit to monitor continuous and properly sequenced execution of
software code.

As the core processor unit for the EV, the VCB includes two external serial I/O channels:
one 19.2 Kbaud RS-422 channel (Expansion Port I/O #1 to External Connector 3) and
one 500 Kbaud RS-485 channel (Expansion Port I/O #2 to External Connector 2).

2-12 10/04 1505-1018-000

2 Theory of Operation

For further details, refer to Figure 11-9, "VCB block diagram" in Section11.

VCB

Vent Control Board

Circuit Power

VMB Sensor

Data I/O

Expansion Port I/O #1

Expansion Port I/O #2

Insp Effort Valve

Exh Valve Closed

Safety Valve On/Off

Exh Valve On/Off

RS-422

38.4Kb

VCB - DU Data I/O

Power for Buzzer

Buzzer Control

Buzzer Sense

Current Lmt Control

Expansion Signals

Coldfire

V4 CPU

Power

12 Bit

16 CH

Backup

Buzzer

Regs

ADC

MUX

1 MB

SRAM

8 MB

Flash

V Checks

Watchdog

Exhal Valve

Drive w/ V & I

Sense

Air Valve Drive

w/ I Sense

O2 Valve Drive

w/ I Sense

8 UARTS

Serial

XCVRs

RS-232

RS-232

RS-232

AB.98.076

Piezo-Electric

Neb Board

Air

Flow Valve

O2

Flow Valve

Exhal Valve

Total Flow/

Air Flow/

Temp

O2 Flow/

Temp

Temp

Insp P

Insp P Zero

Valve

Nebulizer

Aux P

Aux P Purge

Valve

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-13

Engström Ventilator

2.2.4 Ventilator

Monitoring Board - VMB

The VMB is based on an Atmel Atmega 128 CPU. The VMB performs as an
independent monitoring system that provides computational and oversight
redundancy to the DU and VCB.

The VMB independently acquires sensor data relating to the ventilator’s three
safety parameters:

• airway pressure (expiratory),

• delivered O

percentage,

2

• and exhaled minute/tidal volume.

In addition, the VMB monitors the air and oxygen supply pressures:

• Air High Pressure Supply via analog cable –10 bits @ 11 Hz,

• O2 High Pressure Supply via analog cable – 10 bits @ 11 Hz,

• Expiratory flow sensor data via an I

•O

Concentration via a serial cable @ 5 Hz,

2

2

C cable interface @ 200 Hz,

• Expiratory Airway Pressure via analog signal – 12 bits @ 1000 Hz,

• Barometric Pressure onboard VMB – 10 bits @ 11 Hz.

The VMB controls a safety valve actuator that enables it to unilaterally relieve
pressure in the breathing circuit. This allows the barotrauma hazard with its
50 ms reaction time to be independently controlled by either action of the
VCB or VMB. The hazards associated with O

concentration (improper mixture)

2

and low exhaled minute volume (hypoventilation) have much slower reaction
times (on the order of minutes) and are controlled under fault conditions by
the VMB’s ability to unilaterally activate the backup buzzer.

The VMB receives 12.5 Vdc from the PMB, which it regulates down to various
voltages for use by the board’s digital circuits and analog drivers. These
voltage levels are self-tested on the VMB.

The VMB communicates directly to the DU via the bi-directional 38.4 Kbaud
RS-422 channel (VCD - DU Data I/O). A separate 921.6 Kb RS-422 link (VMB
Sensor Data I/O) is used to transmit the VMB’s sensor data to the VCB.

2-14 10/04 1505-1018-000

Circuit Power

Insp Effort Valve Control

Exh Valve Closed

Safety Valve On/Off

Exh Valve On/Off

RS-422

38.4 Kb

RS-422

921.6 Kb

VMB - DU Data I/O

VMB Sensor

Buzzer Control

Buzzer Sense

Data I/O

2 Theory of Operation

For further details, refer to Figure 11-8, "VMB block diagram" in Section11.

VMB

Vent Monitor Board

Atmel

ATmega128

CPU

UARTS

Watchdog

V Checks

ADC /

MUX

Insp Maneuver

Valve Drive

Safety Valve

Drive

Baro P

I2C

RS-232

Insp Effort

Valve

Safety
Relief Valve

Air Pipeline P

O2 Pipeline P

Exp Flow

Sensor Bd

O2 Sensor

Exp P

Exp Flow

Infc Bd

Exp Flow

Sensor

Circuit Power

Expansion Signals

Exp P Zero

Valve

AB.98.077

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-15

Engström Ventilator

2.2.5 Power

Management Board –

PMB

The PMB is based on an Atmel Atmega 128 CPU. The PMB performs power
selection between power sources in the following order:

• AC power mains,

• External battery,

• Internal battery.

The PMB regulates the 24 Vdc power supply output down to raw 16 V and 12.5
V power rails that are used throughout the system (all boards locally regulate
from these power rails).

The PMB controls the charging operation of the internal battery, selecting
trickle, bulk, or float charge status.

The PMB communicates with the DU through the 9.6 Kbaud, RS-232 link
(PMB Data I/O). It sends status commands to the DU concerning the charge
status of the internal 24 V battery.

The PMB uses this link as a communication interlock to handle the unit
shutdown sequence. Once a signal is received by the PMB from the
mechanical On/Standby switch, the PMB prompts the DU for a confirmation
signal that shutdown is appropriate (unit is not in a ventilation therapy state).
Once the DU relays this confirmation to the PMB, the power-off sequence is
initiated.

The PMB supports the operation of the EV chassis fan and the fan on the PMB
heatsink.

2.2.6 Other Electronic
Items

Power Panel

Connectors

Ext Bat

24V

Ext Bat

Connector

On/Standby

Safety Switch

and

The EV/5 employs a separate AC to DC switching power supply for the
providing a nominal 24v voltage level to the PMB. The power supply is capable
of regulating 150 W of power output. A power entry module contains fuses
and filters for Mains AC input cables. Finally, two internal 12v batteries are
connected in series to provide an internal backup 24v power source for the
system.

For further details, refer to Figure 11-7, "PMB block diagram" in Section11.

PMB

Power Entry

Module

150W Mains

Power Supply

PMB
Fan

Vent
Engine
Fan

Power Management

Atmel
ATmega
128 CPU

UARTS

V Checks

Mains/Bat

Select

Fan Cntlrs

Backup

Audio Power

16V
Reg

12.5V
Reg

Bat Charge

Cntlr

Battery I &
V Monitor

Board

PMB Data I/O

Chassis Gnd

2 - 12 V

4AHr

Batteries

2-16 10/04 1505-1018-000

2 Theory of Operation

2.2.7 Motherboard
(backplane)

The EV motherboard provides backplane connectivity for the VCB, VMB and
PMB assemblies in the EV chassis.

Analog circuits on the board provide current limiting for external peripheral
connections to ensure that the EV’s primary ventilation and monitoring
functions are not compromised by excessive power draw. In addition, 10VA
energy limit circuitry is provided for power connections within 20 cm of O

2

exhaust outlets, in order to mitigate the risk of an oxygen enriched fire.

The board features 6 external connectors that exit through a rear sheet metal
interface:

• Patient Side Module (PSM) support connector (future expansion)

• RS-485 Serial (future expansion) connector

• RS-422 Serial (future expansion) connector

• External Serial I/O connector

2.2.8 Monitoring

Interface Board –

Monitoring Module Bays

Bay 1

NESTPR

Module

Bay 2
Bay 3

M-CAiOVX

Module

Bay 4

• Main DU connector (communication channel between DU and EV)

• Monitoring Module, Mod Bus connector

The EV accommodates an optional four-bay module assembly that supports
compatible Datex-Ohmeda M-series modules.

The assembly includes a Monitoring Interface Board (MIB) that communicates
with the DU through the Mod Bus connector. The MIB includes circuitry that
regulates the raw16 V power down to +15 V (unregulated), ±15 V (regulated),
and +5 V levels required by the M series monitoring modules.

I/O Panel Connectors

Ext Serial

I/O

RS-422

#1

RS-485

#1

Mod Bus

PSM

Filtering

Filtering

Filtering

Filtering

Filtering

Expansion Port I/O #1

12.5V

Expansion Port I/O #2

12.5V
16V

16V

PSM

16V

Monitor

Interface

Board

+15VD

-15V

+15V

+5V

RS 232

RS 422

RS 485

RS 485

1505-1018-000 10/04 2-17

Notes

2-18 10/04 1505-1018-000

3 Checkout Procedure

In this section 3.1 Inspect the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

3.2 Automated Checkout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2

3.3 Backlight test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

3.4 Power failure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

3.5 Electrical safety tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3

wwwwWARNINGS After any repair or service of the Engström Ventilator, complete all tests in this

section.

Before you do the tests in this section:

• Complete all necessary calibrations and subassembly tests. Refer to the
individual procedures for a list of necessary calibrations.

• Completely reassemble the system.

If a test failure occurs, make appropriate repairs and test for correct operation.

1505-1018-000 10/04 3-1

Engström Ventilator

3.1 Inspect the system

3.2 Automated Checkout

Before testing the system, ensure that:

• The equipment is not damaged.

• Components are correctly attached.

• Pipeline gas supplies are connected.

• The casters are not loose and the brakes are set and prevent movement.

• The power cord is connected to a wall outlet. The mains indicator comes
on when AC Power is connected.

The EV is equipped with an automated checkout.

When in Standby, the Patient Setup menu is displayed on the normal screen.

1. Select Checkout.

2. Attach the patient circuit.

3. Occlude the patient wye.

4. Select Start Check.

• The results appear next to each check as they are completed. When

the entire checkout is finished ‘Checkout complete’ will appear and
the highlight will move to Delete Trends.

• If one or more checks fail, select Check Help for troubleshooting

tips.

5. Select Previous Menu.

Checkout includes the following checks:

• Paw Transducer Check

• Barometric Pressure Check

• Relief Valve Check

• Exhalation Valve Check

• Expiratory Flow Sensor Check

• Air Flow Sensor Check

• O2 Flow Sensor Check

• O2 Concentration Sensor Check

• Circuit Leak, Compliance, and Resistance

Note If any of the Checks fail, refer to Section 7.1, “Troubleshooting Checkout

Failures”, to troubleshoot a specific failure.

3-2 10/04 1505-1018-000

3.3 Backlight test

3 Checkout Procedure

1. Access the Calibration menu.

3.4 Power failure test

• In the standby mode, push the

• On the System Setup menu, select Install/Service (23-17-21).

• On the Install/Service menu, select Calibration.

2. On the Calibration menu, select Backlight Test.

3. Select Start Test.

4. The display will show the test running on light 1 and then on light 2. If the
display goes completely blank or flickers during the test, one of the lights
has failed.

1. Connect the power cord to a wall outlet. The mains indicator on the front

panel of the Display Unit comes on when AC Power is connected.

2. Set the system switch to On and Start a case.

3. Unplug the power cord with the system turned on.

4. Make sure that the power failure alarm comes on.

5. Make sure the following message is displayed:

System Setup key.

6. Connect the power cable again.

7. Make sure the alarm cancels.

3.5 Electrical safety tests

wwwwWARNING Make sure the system is completely assembled and that the power

cords are connected as illustrated in Section 10.12. Make sure all
accessory devices are connected to electrical outlets.

1. Connect an approved test device (for example: UL, CSA, or AAMI) and verify

2. Make sure that the resistance to ground is less than 0.2Ω between the

• ‘On battery’

that the leakage current is less than:

Voltage Max. Leakage Current

120/100 Vac 300 µAmps

220/240 Vac 500 µAmps

equipotential stud and the ground pin on the power cord.

1505-1018-000 10/04 3-3

Notes

3-4 10/04 1505-1018-000

4 Installation and Service Menus

In this section 4.1 Service and Installation menu structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2

4.2 Install/Service Menu (Super User) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3

4.2.1 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-4

4.2.2 Factory Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5

4.3 Calibration menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6

4.4 Service menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

4.4.1 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-8

4.4.2 Copy Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-9

4.4.3 Service Log menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

4.4.4 Software/Hardware version menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

1505-1018-000 10/04 4-1

Engström Ventilator

4.1 Service and Installation menu structure

This section describes the Service level functions that are part of the main
software installed in the ventilator.

Section 8, “Service Diagnostics and Software Download,” covers a separate
service application that loads from a PCMCIA card and is used to download
system software and run service diagnostics and other service tests.

Menu structure The Service menu structure has two levels which are password protected:

• Install/Service (super-user)

• Service

The Install/Service level (with super-user password) supports standard
hospital preferences such as colors, units, ventilator settings and alarm
defaults, and access to the Calibration and Service menus.

The Service level (with service password) supports system configuration and
provides access to the Service Log menu.

Follow the menu structure to access the various service screens:

• on the front panel of the Display Unit, press the System Setup key to access

the System Setup menu.

• on the System Setup menu, select Install/Service to access (with super-

user password) the Install/Service menu;

- select Calibration to access the Calibration menu.

- select Service to access (with service password) the Service menus.

System Setup Install/Service Calibration Service Service Log

Screen Setup
Patient Setup
Parameters Setup
System Status

Install/Service

Normal Screen

Colors
Units
Show Alarm Limits
Time and Date

Defaults

Calibration

Service

Exit

O2 FCV
Air FCV
Exhalation Valve
Backlight Test
Gas Calibration
Cal. Flag

Previous Menu

Configuration

Copy Config
Service Log
Exit

Scroll Recent

Error Log
Event Log

Alarm Log
SW HW versions
Copy Logs
Reset Logs
Previous Menu

4-2 10/04 1505-1018-000

4.2 Install/Service Menu (Super User)

Use the super-user password to access the Install/Service menu:
“23-17-21”.

Menu Item Message text Comments

Colors Set colors of parameters. Change color of waveform, digits, and

4 Installation and Service Menus

trend for Paw, Flow, O2, CO2, Volume,
and Paux.
(Yellow, White, Green, Red, and Blue)

Units Set units of Paw, flow, CO2, height,

weight, and gas supply pressure.

EXIT:

(Turn power off to exit menu.)

Show Alarm Limits Select Yes to show alarm limits in

digit fields.

Time and Date Change clock and calendar

functions.

Defaults Set or change default settings. Refer to section 4.2.1

Calibration Calibrate airway gas and test

backlights.

Service Show technical data for

troubleshooting and calibration.

Exit Turn power off to exit menu.

Paw — kPa, hPa, cmH2O, mmHg, mbar
Flow — l/min, l/s
CO2 — %, kPa, mmHg
Height — cm, ft
Weight — kg, lb
Gas Supply Pressure — psi, kPa, bar

Default is Yes

Refer to section 4.3

Refer to section 4.4

1505-1018-000 10/04 4-3

Engström Ventilator

4.2.1 Defaults

Menu Item Message text Comments

Scroll Settings Push ComWheel to scroll default

settings.

Default Type Select default patient type. The selected type (Adult or Pediatric)

determines the Patient Type in the Patient
Setup Menu on power up. The
corresponding Adult or Pediatric facility
defaults are displayed for the settings on
power up. If the setting is changed within
a power cycle, those settings remain for a
specific Patient Type until they are
changed by the user or the ventilator is
turned off.

View Not selectable: Heading for the following

mutually exclusive lists — Adult, Pediatric,
Factory.

Adult Show Adult defaults and settings. The “Adult Settings” page contains a list

of parameters or settings and the
corresponding “Saved” and “Current”
values for the Adult patient type. The
“Current” values reflect the settings in the
Vent Setup and Alarms Setup menus. Any
setting that does not have a value shows
three dashes.

Pediatric Show Pediatric defaults and

settings.

Factory Show Factory defaults. Refer to section 4.2.2

Backup Set defaults for backup ventilation.

Save Current Save current settings as facility

defaults.

The “Pediatric Settings” page contains a
list of parameters or settings and the
corresponding “Saved” and “Current”
values for the Pediatric patient type. The
“Current” values reflect the settings in the
Vent Setup and Alarms Setup menus. Any
setting that does not have a value shows
three dashes.

The default selection is No. Common
values in the saved defaults are
overridden if another ventilation mode is
set up and saved.

Save Factory Save factory settings as facility

defaults.

Previous Menu Return to previous menu.

4-4 10/04 1505-1018-000

The default selection is No. If Yes is
selected, “Reset machine for defaults to
take effect.”

4 Installation and Service Menus

4.2.2 Factory Defaults The following table lists the factory defaults for parameters and alarm limits:

Setting Adult Pediatric Backup Defaults

Vent Mode BiLevel BiLevel PCV

FiO2 50 50 Current FiO2 setting

TV 500 100

Pinsp 10 cmH2O (10 mbar, 1.0 kPa,

10 hPa, 8 mmHg)

Rate 10 16 12

I:E 1:2 1:2 1:2

Tinsp 1.70 1.0

PEEP Off Off Off

Psupp 5 cmH2O (5 mbar, 0.5 kPa, 5

hPa, 4 mmHg)

Pmax 30 cmH2O (30 mbar, 3 kPa,

30 hPa, 23 mmHg)

Plimit 20 cmH20 (20 mbar, 2 kPa,

20 hPa, 15 mmHg)

Insp Pause 00

Rise Time 100 ms 100 ms 100 ms

Trig Window 25 25

Trigger 2 l/min (0.03 l/s) 1 l/min (0.02 l/s) 2 l/min (0.03 l/s)

Bias Flow 3 l/min (0.05 l/s) 2 l/min (0.04 l/s) 3 l/min (0.05 l/s)

End Flow 25 25

Low FiO2 44 44

High FiO2 56 56

Low MVexp 2 l/min (0.03 l/s) 1 l/min (0.02 l/s)

High MVexp 10 l/min (0.16 l/s) 5 l/min (0.08 l/s)

Low TVexp Off Off

High TVexp Off Off

Low RR Off Off

High RR Off Off

Low EtO2 Off Off

High EtO2 Off Off

Low EtCO2 3% (3 kPa, 23 mmHg) 3% (3 kPa, 23 mmHg)

High EtCO2 8% (8 kPa, 60 mmHg) 8% (8 kPa, 60 mmHg)

Wave Field 3 Vol (Volume) Vol (Volume)

Digit Field Compl

(Pulmonary Mechanics)

Split Screen None None

Alarm Volume 33

7 cmH2O (7 mbar, 0.7 kPa, 7
hPa, 5 mmHg)

3 cmH2O (3 mbar, 0.3 kPa, 3
hPa, 2 mmHg)

30 cmH2O (30 mbar, 3 kPa,
30 hPa, 23 mmHg)

20 cmH20 (20 mbar, 2 kPa,
20 hPa, 15 mmHg)

Compl
(Pulmonary Mechanics)

10 cmH2O (10 mbar, 1.0 kPa,
10 hPa, 8 mmHg)

40 cmH2O (40 mbar, 4 kPa,
40 hPa, 29 mmHg)

1505-1018-000 10/04 4-5

Engström Ventilator

4.3 Calibration menu

Menu Item Message text Comments

O2 FCV Start O2 Flow Control Valve

Air FCV Start Air Flow Control Valve

Exhalation Valve Patient must not be connected to

Backlight Test Start display backlight test.

calibration and leak test.

calibration and leak test.

circuit during calibration. Start
Exhalation Valve calibration.

Gas Calibration Start gas calibration. Calibrate CO2

and O2 measurements.

Cal. Flag Turn the Calibration required

message On/Off.

Previous Menu Return to previous menu.

Gas Calibration is enabled whenever an
MGAS module is installed. Gas
Calibration is disabled if the MGAS
module is warming up.

When Cal. Flag is set to On, the
“Calibration required” message is
displayed in the general message area.

Note The Cal. Flag menu item is used by the factory to activate the “Calibration

required” alarm. It is set as a reminder that calibrations must be performed
when the machine is set up for operation at its permanent location.

After completing the O2 FCV, Air FCV, and the Exhalation Valve calibrations,
set the Cal. Flag to Off.

4-6 10/04 1505-1018-000

4.4 Service menu

4 Installation and Service Menus

Use the service-level password to access the Service menu:
“34-22-14.”

Whenever service menu is entered, “Enter Service dd-mmm-yyyy hh:mm:ss”
is recorded in the Event log.

Menu Item Message text

Configuration Set language, altitude and units.

Copy Config Save or install configuration and default settings using

memory card.

Service Log Show error, event, and alarm histories and system

information.

Exit Turn power off to exit menu.

1505-1018-000 10/04 4-7

Engström Ventilator

4.4.1 Configuration

Menu Item Message text Values Comments

Decimal Marker Select decimal

delineator.

Language Select language for

screen.

Paw Change Paw units:

kPa, cmH2O, mbar.

Flow Change flow units:

l/min or l/s.

CO2 Change CO2 units:

%, kPa, or mmHg.

Height Change height units:

cm or ft.

0.01, 0 01 or 0,01 Default: 0.01

Chinese (simplified),
Czech, Danish,
Dutch, English,
Finnish, French,
German, Greek,
Hungarian, Italian,
Japanese,
Norwegian, Polish,
Portuguese, Russian,
Spanish, Swedish,
Tur kish

kPa, cmH2O, or mbar Default: cmH2O

l/min or l/s Default: l/min

%, kPa, or mmHg Default: %

cm or ft Default: cm

Default: English

Weight Change weight units:

kg or lb.

Altitude Change altitude used

for gas calculations.

kg or lb Default: kg

–400 to 3000 m
in 100-m increments

Default: 300 m

4-8 10/04 1505-1018-000

4.4.2 Copy Configuration

Copy Configuration menu

Menu Item Message text Values Comments

4 Installation and Service Menus

Save to Card Save Configuration and

defaults to card.

Copy from Card Copy Configuration and

defaults from card.

When completed:
Copy from card complete.
Please reboot system.

Systems cannot accept configuration files from a different product model.

The software version is stored with the saved configuration. A system will
reject any configurations from other than the current version of software.

<blank>, Fail, or OK.

The field is blank until the
data has either been
written to the card (OK) or
the system determines it
cannot write to the card
(Fail).

<blank>, Fail, or OK.

The field is blank until the
data has either been read
from the card (OK) or the
system determines it
cannot read the card or
the card does not have the
required data (Fail).

Saves all settings
that are not hardware
dependent, including
facility defaults,
screen configuration,
trend settings, colors,
units, decimal
marker, altitude,
patient type, backup
settings, and the
Show Alarm Limits
selection.

Selecting Save to Card overwrites any configuration on the card.

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Engström Ventilator

4.4.3 Service Log menu The Service log menu is a organized listing of stored events.

Menu Item Message text

Scroll Recent Scroll through newest entries.

Error Log Show error history.

Event Log Show event history.

Alarm Log Show alarm history.

SW HW versions Show system information.

Copy Logs Save HW/SW info and all logs to memory card.

Reset Logs Erase Error and Alarm log entries

Previous Menu Return to previous menu.

Each history log shows at the top of the screen total Running Hours, the date
when the logs were last reset, and the Ventilator Serial Number.

Whenever logs are reset, “Reset Logs dd-MMM-yyy hh:mm:ss” is recorded in
the Event log.

If the logs are saved to a memory card, the ventilator’s serial number, date,
and time are saved along with the current contents of the logs.

Error Log The Error Log lists the last 200 errors logged since the last log reset, starting

with the most recent. The system stores the last 1,000 errors logged since the
last log reset.

Event Log The Event Log records the service history of the device. This includes: service

calibrations, entry into the service mode, options enabled, and software
installation. In the event of a board replacement, it is understood that this log
like all others could be lost.

The Event History menu lists the last 200 events logged starting with the most
recent. The Event History log stores the last 1000 events.

The Event History log cannot be reset.

Alarm Log The Alarm Log lists the last 200 alarms since the last log reset starting with

the most recent. The Alarm History log store the last 1000 entries.

Copy Logs The Copy Logs function copies Error, Event, and Alarm logs along with the

software/hardware configuration to a text file on a PCMCIA card.

4-10 10/04 1505-1018-000

4 Installation and Service Menus

4.4.4 Software/
Hardware

Turn the ComWheel to scroll through the list box.

Push the ComWheel to return to the Service menu.

version menu

System Information menu X=Number, A, B, C = letter

System Information:

Running Hours: XXXXX

Software Release: XX.XX

Model Code: XXX

Serial Number: ABCDXXXXX

Option Package: XXX

Options Code: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

VCB Software Version: XX.XX

VCB Hardware Version: XXXX-XXXX-XXX REV A

VCB Hardware Serial Number: ABCXXXXX

SW HW version

DU Software Version: XX.XX

DU Hardware Version: XXXX-XXXX-XXX REV A

DU Hardware Serial Number: ABCXXXXX

VMB Software Version: XX.XX

VMB Hardware Version: XXXX-XXXX-XXX REV A

VMB Hardware Serial Number: ABCXXXXX

PMB Software Version: XX.XX

PMB Hardware Version: XXXX-XXXX-XXX REV A

PMB Hardware Serial Number: ABCXXXXX

MGAS Software Version: X.X

MGAS Hardware Version: GAS SW Pr. XXXXXXX-X

MGAS Hardware Serial Number: ABCXXXXX

The MGAS information is only displayed when an Airway module is present.

1505-1018-000 10/04 4-11

Notes

4-12 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

w WARNING After adjustments and calibration are completed, always perform the checkout

procedure. Refer to Section 3 of this manual.

In this section

5.1 Calibration (super-user) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-2

5.1.1 Calibration procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3

5.2 Service level tests and calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.2.1 Service application setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.2.2 Test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-4

5.2.3 Vent engine debris clean-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5

5.2.4 Vent engine leak test (low pressure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6

5.2.5 Vent engine leak test (high O2 pressure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-8

5.2.6 Vent engine leak test (high Air pressure) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

5.2.7 Calibrate airway pressure transducer Zero and Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12

5.2.8 Verify operation of free- breathing valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14

5.2.9 Verify operation of inspiratory effort valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16

5.2.10 Verify operation of auxiliary pressure relief valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18

5.2.11 Mechanical over-pressure valve test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20

5.2.12 Verify regulator output pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

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Engström Ventilator

5.1 Calibration (super-user)

The EV ventilator includes integrated software that allows a qualified user to
periodically calibrate the O
valve.

At a minimum, these calibrations should be completed every 12 months or
when associated components are serviced or replaced. These calibrations
can be performed more frequently, as needed, for optimal performance.

The menu structure for accessing the calibration software is described in
Section 4, “Installation and Service Menus” .

Note The Valve calibrations (Section 5.1.1) can be performed without performing

the Service level test and calibrations (Section 5.2). However, if the Service
level test and calibrations are performed, the Valve calibrations should be
performed again after the Service level test are competed (passed).

flow valve, the Air flow valves, and the Exhalation

2

5-2 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

5.1.1 Calibration
procedure

1. If present, disconnect the patient circuit from the inspiratory port (open to
atmosphere).

2. Access the Calibration menu.

• In the standby mode, push the

• On the System Setup menu, select Install/Service (23-17-21).

• On the Install/Service menu, select Calibration.

3. On the Calibration menu, select O2 FCV.

• On the O2 FCV menu, select Start Calibration and allow the system to

perform the calibration procedure.

•When O2 FCV calibration is complete (passed), select Previous Menu.

4. On the Calibration menu, select Air FCV.

• On the Air FCV menu, select Start Calibration and allow the system to

perform the calibration procedure.

•When Air FCV calibration is complete (passed), select Previous Menu.

5. On the Calibration menu, select Exhalation Valve.

• Connect a patient circuit and block the patient port.

• On the Exhalation Valve menu, select Start Calibration and allow the

system to perform the calibration procedure.

•When Exhalation Valve calibration is complete (passed), select Previous

Menu.

System Setup key.

Backlight Test 6. On the Calibration menu, select Backlight Test.

7. Select Start Test.

8. The display will show the test running on light 1 and then on light 2. If the

display goes completely blank or flickers during the test, one of the lights
has failed.

9. Turn power off to exit the Install/Service menu.

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Engström Ventilator

5.2 Service level tests and calibration

The service level tests require the Windows based service application as
described in Section 8.5, “EV Service Application (PC based)” .

Note After completing the Service level test and calibrations, perform the Valve

calibrations in Section 5.1.1.

5.2.1 Service application
setup

5.2.2 Test setup 1. Connect a manual shut-off valve to each gas supply inlet.

1. Connect a Windows based PC to the serial port (RS-422 Port 3) of the EV
using a USB to RS-422 converter (Refer to section 10.1.1).

2. Start the Service Application on the PC.

• Open the VCB and VMB windows.

3. To establish communication between the PC Service Application and the
EV, start up the system and enter the Service mode.

• Remove inlet fittings from EV (ensure o-ring remains on adapter).

• Connect shut-off valve to respective EV pipeline adapter.

• Connect removed inlet fitting to respective shut-off valve.

2. Close both shut-off valves.

3. Connect pipeline supplies to each shut-off valve.

5-4 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

5.2.3 Vent engine debris
clean-out

Note Closing the shut-off valves before setting the flow DAC counts to zero, bleeds

This procedure is needed only if:

• The pneumatic system within the vent engine was serviced; that is,
components were replace or removed for evaluation.

•A gas inlet filter was replaced.

Clean-out procedure

1. Open both shut-off valves.

2. Verify that the inspiratory outlet is open to atmosphere (not plugged).

3. On the VCB screen:

• Verify that the Air and O2 Flow Valves are energized ().

• Set the Air DAC counts to 60,000 (fully open).

• Set the O2 DAC counts to 60,000 (fully open).

4. After 20 seconds:

• Close both shut-off valves.

• Set the Air DAC counts to zero (closed).

• Set the O2 DAC counts to zero (closed).

pressure from the system.

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Engström Ventilator

5.2.4 Vent engine leak
test (low pressure)

1. Verify that both shut-off valves are closed.

2. On the VCB screen:

• Energize () the Auxiliary Pressure Purge valve.

• Verify that the Air Flow Valve, O2 Flow Valve and the Exhalation Flow

Valve are energized ().

• Set the Air DAC, O2 DAC, and the Exhalation DAC counts to 60,000
(this will release all pressurized gas from the system).

3. Attach the “low-pressure test tool” to the INSPiratory outlet.

4. Plug the following ports:

• Expiratory inlet.

• Auxiliary pressure port.

5. Using the low pressure test tool, increase the pressure in the low pressure
side of the system until the measured Expiratory Pressure (VMB), Auxiliary
Pressure (VCB), and Inspiratory Pressure (VCB) readings indicate 70
cmH2O.

Note: Ensure that the three pressures are stable and approximately equal
(within 5 cmH2O).

6. Once 70 cmH2O is reached, clamp the tube on the low pressure test tool
to prevent gas flow from the INSPiratory outlet.

7. On the VCB screen, select Low P Leak to start the low pressure leak test.

8. After the test is complete (15 seconds):

• Verify that the displayed Leak rate does not exceed 10 ml/min.

• If the leak rate exceeds 10 ml/min, refer to Section 7.2 to help identify

the cause of the leak.

9. Remove the test tool from the INSPiratory outlet.

10.Remove the plugs from the EXPiratory inlet and the Paux port.

11.De-energize () the Auxiliary Pressure Purge valve.

AB.98.088

5-6 10/04 1505-1018-000

Pneumatic

Resistor

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Inlet

Primary

Filter

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Inlet

Primary

Air

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Flow

Sensor

Test

Port

T

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow
Valve

H

Flow

H

Valve

Pneumatic
Resistor

Total Flow

T

H

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

P

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Relief

Valve

Valve

Exhalation

Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

5 Service Tests and Calibration

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

H

EXP

INSP

AB.98.100

Paux

Atmosphere

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Pexp

Relief

AB.98.101

INSP

Paux

H

EXP

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Engström Ventilator

5.2.5 Vent engine leak

test (high O

pressure)

2

1. Open the manual O2 shut-off valve.

2. On the VMB screen:

• Verify that the measured O2 Supply Pressure = pipeline pressure.

• Verify that the measured Air Supply Pressure = 0.0 psig.

3. Verify that the inspiratory outlet is open to atmosphere (not plugged).

4. On the VCB screen:

• Energize () the Auxiliary Pressure Purge valve.

• Verify that the Exhalation Flow Valve is energized ().

• Set the Exhalation DAC counts to 60,000.

• Verify that the Air Flow Valve is energized ().

• Set the Air DAC counts to 60,000
(this will release any air pressure in the system).

• De-energize () the O2 Flow Valve.

5. Plug the following ports:

• INSPiratory outlet.

• EXPiratory inlet.

• Auxiliary pressure port (Paux).

6. Close the manual O

7. On the VCB screen, select High O2 Leak to start the test.

8. After the test is complete (15 seconds):

• Verify that the displayed Leak rate does not exceed 26 ml/min.

• if not, troubleshoot for leaks in the shaded area.

9. Remove the plugs from the INSPiratory, EXPiratory, and Paux ports.

10.De-energize () the Auxiliary Pressure Purge valve.

shut-off valve.

2

AB.98.086

5-8 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

Pneumatic

Resistor

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Filter

Primary

Inlet

Air

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Valve

H

Flow

Valve

H

Pneumatic
Resistor

Total Flow

T

H

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

P

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Relief
Valve

Valve

Exhalation

Valve

H

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

AB.98.102

EXP

INSP

Paux

Atmosphere

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Pexp

Relief

AB.98.112

H

INSP

Paux

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 5-9

Engström Ventilator

5.2.6 Vent engine leak

test (high Air pressure)

1. Open the manual Air shut-off valve.

2. On the VMB screen:

• Verify that the measured Air Supply Pressure = pipeline pressure.

• Verify that the measured O2 Supply Pressure = 0.0 psig.

3. Verify that the INSPiratory outlet is open to atmosphere (not plugged).

4. On the VCB screen:

• Energize () the O2 Flow Valve.

• Set the O2 DAC counts to 60,000
(this will release any O

pressure in the system).

2

• De-energize () the Air Flow Valve.

5. Plug the INSPiratory outlet.

6. Close the manual Air shut-off valve.

7. On the VCB screen, select High Air Leak to start the test.

8. After the test is complete (15 seconds):

• Verify that the displayed Leak rate does not exceed 50 ml/min.

• if not, troubleshoot for leaks in the shaded area.

9. Remove the plug from the INSPiratory outlet.

AB.98.093

5-10 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

30 mm Male Cone

Pneumatic

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

Air

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow
Valve

Flow

H

Flow

Flow

H

Valve

Pneumatic
Resistor

Total Flow

T

H

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Resistor

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Exhalation

Inspiratory Zero

Valve

Valve

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

H

EXP

INSP

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

P

Relief
Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Atmosphere

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Relief

AB.98.103

Paux

Pexp

AB.98.113

H

INSP

Paux

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 5-11

Engström Ventilator

5.2.7 Calibrate

airway pressure

transducer Zero

and Span

This procedure calibrates the Inspiratory, Expiratory, and Auxiliary pressure
transducers.

Note: If Air is not available, the O

supply can be used to calibrate the pressure

2

transducers. The Service Application senses which supply is available and, in step 5,
activates the corresponding flow valve.

1. Start up the system and enter the Install/Service mode.

2. Verify that the ventilator passes the low pressure leak test (Section 5.2.4).

3. Attach the test setup to the EV as shown in the illustration below.

• Connect a tee adapter to the INSPiratory outlet.

• Connect a short patient circuit tube from the tee adapter to the EXPiratory inlet.

• Connect a pressure sensing tube from the Inspiratory tee to a manometer and to
the Auxiliary pressure port (Paux).

4. Open the manual Air (O

) shut-off valve.

2

5. On the VCB screen:

• Verify that the Exhalation Flow Valve is energized ().

• Verify that the Air Flow Valve is energized ().

• Select Start Paw Span (~2 L/min established through Air (O

) flow valve).

2

• Adjust the Span DAC Value (Exhalation valve) reading
(start at approximately 40,000) until the manometer reading
equals 100 ±0.2 cmH

6. At 100 cmH

O, select End Paw Span.

2

O.

2

7. Close the manual Air (O

) shut-off valve.

2

8. Remove the test setup.

Note If the span calibration is aborted or failed, the last known good calibration will be used.

To Manometer

AB.98.089

5-12 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

Pneumatic
Resistor

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Filter

Primary

Inlet

Air

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow
Valve

H

Flow
Valve

H

Pneumatic
Resistor

Total Flow

T

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

H

Free Breathing
Check Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

P

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Valve

Relief
Valve

Exhalation

Valve

H

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

AB.98.105

Paux

EXP

INSP

To Manometer

Atmosphere

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Pexp

Relief

AB.98.115

INSP

Paux

H

To Manometer

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 5-13

Engström Ventilator

5.2.8 Verify operation of
free- breathing valve

1. Ensure both manual shut-off valves are closed.

2. Connect a negative pressure squeeze bulb to the INSPiratory outlet.

3. Fully depress the bulb a minimum of 10 times.

4. On the VCB screen:

• Verify that the measured Inspiratory Pressure is more positive
than - 3 cmH

O at all times.

2

• if not, troubleshoot the free-breathing check valve and the inspiratory
effort valve.

5. Disconnect the squeeze bulb from the INSPiratory outlet.

AB.98.091

5-14 10/04 1505-1018-000

Pneumatic

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Primary

Filter

Inlet

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Inlet

Primary

Air

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

P

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Valve

H

Flow

Valve

H

Pneumatic
Resistor

T

Total Flow

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

H

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Resistor

Purge Valve

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

P

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Relief
Valve

Valve

Exhalation

Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

5 Service Tests and Calibration

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

H

EXP

INSP

AB.98.106

Paux

Atmosphere

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Pexp

Relief

AB.98.116

H

INSP

Paux

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 5-15

Engström Ventilator

5.2.9 Verify

operation of

inspiratory effort

valve

1. Ensure both manual shut-off valves are closed.

2. On the VCB screen:

• Energize () the Auxiliary Pressure Purge valve.

• Energize (close) the inspiratory effort valve

( Effort Valve Energized).

• Verify that the Air Flow Valve, O2 Flow Valve and the Exhalation Flow Valve are

energized ().

• Set the Air DAC, O2 DAC, and the Exhalation DAC counts to 60,000.

3. Connect a negative pressure squeeze bulb to the INSPiratory outlet.

4. Plug the EXPiratory inlet and the Auxiliary pressure port (Paux).

5. Fully depress the squeeze bulb.

• The bulb should not fully inflate in less than 30 seconds.

• if not, troubleshoot the inspiratory effort valve.

6. Disconnect the squeeze bulb from the INSPiratory outlet.

7. De-energize (open) the inspiratory effort valve

( Effort Valve Energized).

8. Set the Air DAC, O2 DAC, and Exhalation DAC counts to zero.

5-16 10/04 1505-1018-000

AB.98.087

Pneumatic

Resistor

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Inlet

Primary

Filter

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Inlet

Primary

Air

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Valve

H

Flow

H

Valve

Pneumatic
Resistor

Tota l Flow

T

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

Free Breathing

Check Valve

H

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

P

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Relief

Valve

Exhalation

Valve

Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

5 Service Tests and Calibration

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

H

EXP

INSP

AB.98.107

Paux

Atmosphere

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Pexp

Relief

AB.98.117

H

Paux

INSP

Paux

EXP

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 5-17

Engström Ventilator

5.2.10 Verify
operation of

auxiliary pressure

relief valve

1. Connect a manometer to the auxiliary pressure port (Paux) using a tee fitting and a
short piece of 3-mm (1/8 inch) tubing.

2. Open the manual Air shut-off valve.

3. On the VCB screen:

• Energize () the Auxiliary Pressure Purge valve.

4. Block the outlet of the tee.

5. Verify that the pressure indicated by the manometer (not the PC based application)
is greater than 90 cmH

Caution: Do not allow the pressure to build up over 250 cmH

O but less than 230 cmH2O.

2

O.

2

• if not, troubleshoot the relief valve.

6. Close the manual Air shut-off valve.

7. Remove the test setup.

AB.98.092

To Manometer

5-18 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

Pneumatic

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

Air

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

O

2

Regulator

P

25 psi

Test
Port

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check
Valve

T

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Sensor

Flow

Flow

Valve

Flow

H

Flow

Valve

H

Pneumatic

Resistor

Total Flow

T

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

Free Breathing

Check Valve

H

Auxiliary Pressure

Resistor

Purge Valve

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

P

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Relief

Valve

Valve

Exhalation

Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

P P

O

2

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

H

EXP

INSP

AB.98.108

Paux

To Manometer

Air

Atmosphere

Air
Flow
Valve

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Pexp

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

O

Sensor

2

Pinsp

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Paux

Relief

AB.98.118

INSP

To Manometer

Paux

H

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 5-19

Engström Ventilator

5.2.11 Mechanical
over-pressure valve

test

To Manometer

1. Verify that the ventilator passes the low pressure leak test (Section 5.2.4).

2. Turn the ventilator off.

3. Using a syringe, inject 60 ml of air into the ventilator through the INSPiratory port.

4. After the entire volume is delivered, verify that the pressure reading on the
manometer is less than 130 cmH2O.

• if not, troubleshoot the safety relief valve.

Note: Pressure may spike higher than 130 cmH2O during 60 ml volume delivery if
delivered at a rate greater than 4 l/min.

AB.98.090

5-20 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

30 mm Male Cone

Pneumatic

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Filter

Primary

Inlet

Air

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Primary

Inlet

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Regulator

P

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Valve

Flow

H

Flow

Flow

Valve

H

Pneumatic
Resistor

T

Total Flow

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

H

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Resistor

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Exhalation

Inspiratory Zero

Valve

Valve

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

H

EXP

INSP

To Manometer

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

Relief

P

Valve

AB.98.104

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Flow
Valve

Atmosphere

Paux

O

2

Sensor

Pinsp

Paux

Relief

Paux

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Pexp

AB.98.114

INSP

Paux

H

EXP

To Manometer

1505-1018-000 10/04 5-21

Engström Ventilator

5.2.12 Verify regulator output pressure

The regulator output pressure should be checked during battery replacement intervals
or whenever the unit is already opened for other reasons.

Air regulator 1. Remove the plug from the Air regulator outlet test port.

2. Connect a test pressure gauge to the Air regulator outlet test port.

3. Open the manual Air shut-off valve.

4. On the VCB screen:

• Verify that the Air Flow Valve is energized ().

• Adjust the Air DAC reading (start at approximately 9,500)
until the Air flow reading is 15 l/min.

5. Verify that the test gauge indicates 172 ± 0.69 kPa (25 ± 0.10 psi).

6. If required, adjust the regulator.

• Be sure to tighten the locking nut after adjustment.

7. Close the manual Air shut-off valve.

8. Remove the test gauge and plug the test port.

O2 regulator 1. Remove the plug from the O

2. Connect a test pressure gauge to the O

3. Open the manual O

4. On the VCB screen:

• Verify that the O

• Adjust the O
until the Air flow reading is 15 l/min.

5. Verify that the test gauge indicates 172 ± 0.69 kPa (25 ± 0.10 psi).

6. If required, adjust the regulator.

• Be sure to tighten the locking nut after adjustment.

7. Close the manual O

8. Remove the test gauge and plug the test port.

Regulator

O

2

Test Port

shut-off valve.

2

Flow Valve is energized ().

2

DAC reading (start at approximately 9,500)

2

shut-off valve.

2

regulator outlet test port.

2

regulator outlet test port.

2

Air AdjustO2 Adjust

Air Regulator
Test Port

5-22 10/04 1505-1018-000

5 Service Tests and Calibration

Pneumatic

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Primary

Air

Primary

O

2

Filter

Inlet

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Inlet

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

P

25 psi

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

H

T

Flow
Valve

H

Flow
Valve

Pneumatic

Resistor

Total Flow

T

H

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Resistor

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

Expiratory Pressure

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

O2 Sensor

O

P

2

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

P

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Relief
Valve

Exhalation

Valve

Valve

H

AB.98.109

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

EXP

INSP

Paux

Atmosphere

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Pexp

Relief

AB.98.119

H

INSP

Paux

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 5-23

Notes

5-24 10/04 1505-1018-000

6 Maintenance

In this section This section covers the regular maintenance procedures (minimum requirements)

needed to make sure that the Engström Ventilator operates to specifications.

6.1 Engström Ventilator planned maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

6.1.1 Every twelve (12) months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

6.1.2 Every forty-eight (48) months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-2

6.2 Battery capacity test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6-3

wwwwWARNINGS Do not perform testing or maintenance on the Engström Ventilator while it is being

used on a patient. Possible injury can result.

Items can be contaminated due to infectious patients. Wear sterile rubber
gloves. Contamination can spread to you and others.

Obey infection control and safety procedures. Used equipment may contain
blood and body fluids.

1505-1018-000 10/04 6-1

Engström Ventilator

6.1 Engström Ventilator planned maintenance

Serial Number: Date: (YY/MM/DD) / /

Hospital: Performed by:

 12 months  24 month  48 month  ______________________

6.1.1 Every twelve
(12) months

 1. If required, adjust the Display Unit arm joints (Section 9.5).

 2. If required, adjust patient monitoring module rack arm.

 3. Visually inspect Vent Engine fan filter. Clean or replace as needed.

 4. Visually inspect Display Unit fan filter. Clean or replace as needed.

 5. Visually inspect exhalation valve assembly. Clean or replace as needed.

 6. Visually inspect gas inlet filters (O

 7. Complete the battery capacity test (Section 6.2).

 8. Electrical safety tests (Section 3.5).

 9. Complete all Service level tests and calibrations (Section 5.2).

 10. Complete all Super-User level tests and calibrations (Section 5.1).

 11. Complete the Checkout procedure (Section 3).

6.1.2 Every forty-eight
(48) months

Perform the following steps every 12 months.
For details, refer to the sections listed.

and Air). Replace as needed.

2

In addition to the 12-month requirements, replace the following parts every
48 months. All parts should be replaced before performing the checks, tests,
and calibrations.

 1. Replace the system batteries* (Stock Number 1009-5682-000).

*Note: Refer to the “Battery capacity test” in Section 6.2.

6-2 10/04 1505-1018-000

6.2 Battery capacity test

Test procedure 1. Turn the system on and start a case (simulated).

6 Maintenance

Although replacement of the backup batteries is recommended at the end of
4 years, batteries that pass the capacity test can be considered viable for
battery backup of the system for up to 6 years at the discretion of the hospital.

Before testing the batteries, ensure that they are fully charged.

2. Disconnect the power cord from the mains outlet.

3. Allow the system to run on battery until it does an orderly shutdown.

4. Reconnect the power cord to a mains outlet.

5. Boot the system with the PCMCIA Service Application and access the
Power Diagnostics function as detailed in Section 8.

• On the Main Menu of the Service Application, select Power Diagnostics.

• On the Power Diagnostic menu, select Power Control.

6. Page 1 of the Power Controller Power Diagnostics screen shows the ‘Date
battery Tested’ (the last full battery discharge) and the ‘Discharge Time’.

• If the ‘Discharge Time’ is greater than 60 minutes, the batteries can be

left in service for one more year.

• If the ‘Discharge Time’ is less than 60 minutes, both batteries should be

replaced.

1505-1018-000 10/04 6-3

Notes

6-4 10/04 1505-1018-000

7 Troubleshooting

In this section 7.1 Troubleshooting Checkout Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

7.1.1 Paw Transducer Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

7.1.2 Barometric pressure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-2

7.1.3 Low Pressure Leak and Compliance Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

7.1.4 Safety Valve Relief and Back Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-3

7.1.5 Exhalation Valve Calibration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4

7.1.6 Exhalation Flow Sensor Calibration Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4

7.1.7 Measure Breathing Circuit Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-4

7.1.8 Air Inspiratory Flow Sensor Calibration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5

7.1.9 O2 Inspiratory Flow Sensor Calibration Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5

7.1.10 O2 Sensor Test and Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-5

7.2 Troubleshooting Vent Engine Leaks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7-6

7.3 Alarm message troubleshooting chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10

7.4 Troubleshooting Service App messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26

1505-1018-000 10/04 7-1

Engström Ventilator

7.1 Troubleshooting Checkout Failures

If the Automated Checkout (Section 3.2) results in failures, refer to the
following sections to troubleshoot a specific failure.

7.1.1

Paw Transducer Check

The Paw Transducer Check can indicate a failure from four conditions:

1. Inspiratory Pressure Sensor Zero Failure:

Test results indicate
displayed.

• Ensure proper connections.

• Replace the Inspiratory Pressure Sensor board.

• Replace the Inspiratory Zero Valve

• Replace the Vent Control board (VCB).

2. Expiratory Pressure Sensor Zero Failure:

Test results indicate
displayed.

• Ensure proper connections.

• Replace the Expiratory Pressure Sensor board.

• Replace the Expiratory Zero Valve.

• Replace the Vent Monitor board (VMB).

3. Cannot achieve 34 cmH

Test results indicate

• Ensure supply gas is connected.

• Continue with other tests. If a significant leak is indicated during the Low

Pressure Leak test, repair the leak then repeat this check.

• Check respective Flow Control Valve for proper operation.

Fail and the Pinsp sensor out of range message is

Fail and Pexp sensor out of range message is

O pressure:

2

Fail but no alarm message is displayed.

4.

Paw insp and Paw exp are not within 4 cmH

34 cm H

Test results indicate

• Use the Service Application to calibrate sensors (Section 5.2.7).

• Replace the affected Sensor board(s) or Zero valves, if calibration fails.

If this check fails, all ventilation modes will still be available.

7.1.2

Barometric pressure test

7-2 10/04 1505-1018-000

A failure indicates that the difference between calculated barometric
pressure based on the input altitude, and the measured barometric pressure
is greater than 20%.

• Verify correct altitude setting.

• If setting is correct, calibrate the barometric sensor (Section 8.7.4).

• Replace the Vent Monitor board (VMB) - recalibrate barometric sensor.

If this check fails, all ventilator modes will still be available and the
calculations will use the input altitude as basis for absolute pressure.

O.

2

Fail but no alarm message is displayed.

O when pressurized to

2

7 Troubleshooting

7.1.3

Low Pressure Leak and

Compliance Check

7.1.4

Safety Valve Relief and

Back Pressure

No failures will be indicated. If there are errors in the calculation (negative
values, divide by zero, etc.) the results will be dashed. The results of this
calculation will be displayed after the Safety Relief Valve test is completed.

1. The first calculation is compliance and is based on the amount of time it
takes for a 3 l/min flow to create 34 cmH
If this pressure cannot be achieved, no compliance information will be
available.

2. The second calculation is the low pressure leak rate. It is based on the
amount of pressure decay from 25 cmH
seconds. If the leak rate is greater than 1 L/min (@ 25 cmH
compliance values will be dashed. This value can be useful in diagnosing
other failures during checkout.

3. Finally, a correction based on the leak rate is applied to the compliance
calculation and the information can be displayed.

The Safety Valve Relief test checks the ability of the Safety Relief Valve to
relieve all patient pressure on demand. Failures include:

1. Cannot achieve 30 cmH

The test will indicate

• Ensure supply gas is connected.

•A leak is indicated; repair the leak then repeat this check.

O pressure.

2

Fail but no alarm message is displayed.

O of pressure at the Pexp sensor.

2

O pressure in approximately 3

2

O), the leak and

2

2. Once pressure stabilizes, the Safety Relief Valve is opened. If Pexp does not
go to less than 2 cmH
Relief Valve Failure message will be displayed.

Use the Service Application to simulate this test.

a. If pressure remains significantly above 2 cmH

• Check the connections to the safety relief valve.

• Ensure seat/seal interface is clean.

• Replace the Manifold Assembly.

b. If pressure is only slightly above 2 cmH

• Re-zero pressure sensors.

• Ensure seat/seal interface is clean.

• If Exhalation Valve Calibration Check also fails, replace the Pexp
sensor.

• Repeat check.

3. If a flow of 75 l/min creates more than 10 cmH
with the safety relief valve open, the test will indicate
Failure message will be displayed.

Use Service Application to simulate this test.

• Check the connections to the safety relief valve.

• Replace the Manifold Assembly.

O within 250 msec, the test will indicate Fail and

2

O:

2

O:

2

O pressure at Pexp sensor

2

Fail and Relief Valve

If this test fails, no mechanical ventilation is allowed.

1505-1018-000 10/04 7-3

Engström Ventilator

7.1.5

Exhalation Valve

Calibration Check

The Exhalation Valve Calibration check uses the same relief test as above
except with the Exhalation valve instead of the Safety Relief valve.

1. Cannot achieve 34 cmH

The test will indicate

• Ensure supply gas is connected.

•A leak is indicated; repair the leak then repeat this check.

2. If both the Relief Valve and Exhalation Valve tests fail and the leak rate is
less than 2000, the most likely problem is with the Pexp Sensor not
returning to zero:

• Use the Service Application to apply 34 cmH

then release the pressure using either the Exhalation Valve or the Safety
Relief Valve. The Pexp value must return to less than 2 within 250 msec.
If not, re-zero and repeat or replace the Pexp sensor.

3. If only this check is failing:

a. Use the Service Application to verify at least 3 l/min is generated by

the FCV. If not:

• Recalibrate the FCV.

• Replace the FCV.

b. Remove the Expiratory flow sensor.

O pressure.

2

Fail but no alarm message is displayed.

O of pressure until stable,

2

7.1.6

Exhalation Flow Sensor

Calibration Test

7.1.7

Measure Breathing

Circuit Resistance

• If the check passes, replace the Expiratory Flow Sensor.

c. Remove the Exhalation Valve Assembly and ensure the Voice coil shaft

is clean and dry and moves freely without binding.

d. Replace the Exhalation Valve Assembly.

e. Replace the Voice coil assembly.

If this check fails, all ventilator modes will still be available.

The Exhalation Flow Sensor Calibration test compares the Exhalation Flow
Sensor output to the Total Flow Sensor output.

1. If only this test fails, replace the Exhalation Flow Sensor.

2. If the Air and/or O2 Inspiratory Flow Sensor calibration checks also fail, use
the Service Application to determine the accuracy of the Total Flow Sensor.

If this test fails, all ventilator functions will still be available. The message
Flow Sensor Error will be displayed.

The breathing circuit resistance is calculated from the amount of resistance
created when 60 l/min is flowing through the circuit. It is calculated and
displayed on the bottom of the screen. It represents the resistance of 1/2 of
the breathing circuit.

7-4 10/04 1505-1018-000

7 Troubleshooting

7.1.8

Air Inspiratory Flow

Sensor Calibration Check

7.1.9

Inspiratory Flow

O

2

Sensor Calibration Check

7.1.10

Sensor Test and

O

2

Calibration

The Air Inspiratory Flow Sensor Calibration check verifies that the Air Flow
Sensor is functioning and compares the flow and temperature measurements
with the total flow sensor.

1. If both the Air and O
Sensor.

2. Otherwise, replace the Air Flow Sensor.

If this check fails, all ventilator functions will still be available. The message
FlAir Control Error will be displayed.

This check verifies that the O2 Flow Sensor is functioning and compares the
flow and temperature measurements with the total flow sensor.

1. If both the Air and O
Sensor.

2. Otherwise, replace the O

If this check fails, all ventilator functions will still be available. The message
FlO2 Control Error will be displayed.

This test/calibration will only be performed if both Air and O2 are connected.
The O

offset is calibrated while flowing 30 l/min of Air and the O2 gain is

2

calibrated with 30 l/min of O

Calibration is verified by flowing 15 l/min Air and 15 l/min O
the sensor output to the calculated valve (approximately 60.5%).

Flow Sensors fail this check, replace the Total Flow

2

Flow Sensors fail this check, replace the Total Flow

2

Flow Sensor.

2

.

2

and comparing

2

If this check fails, all ventilator functions will still be available.

1505-1018-000 10/04 7-5

Engström Ventilator

7.2 Troubleshooting Vent Engine Leaks

If the vent engine leak test (Section 5.2.4) fails,

• either if unable to build 70 cmH

O pressure,

2

• or if the leak rate exceeds 10 ml/min,

the following steps will help to narrow down the possible leak locations.

While retaining the leak test setup:

1. Close the Air and O2 flow valves to limit the components tested (remove the
checkmarks from the boxes next to the DAC counts).

2. Repeat the Vent Engine Leak Test.

• If the test passes, proceed to step 5.

• If the leak remains, toggle the Effort Valve closed.

3. Repeat the Vent Engine Leak Test.

• If the system passes, check the Free Breathing Valve diaphram

and o-ring seal.

• If the leak remains, toggle the safety valve open/closed.

4. Repeat the Vent Engine Leak Test.

• If the system passes, check the safety valve seal.

• If the leak remains, check the individual components in the Total Flow

path.

AB.98.088

7-6 10/04 1505-1018-000

Pneumatic

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Inlet

Primary

Filter

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Inlet

Primary

Air

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Sensor

Test

Port

T

Flow

Sensor
Test
Port

T

Flow
Valve

Flow

H

Flow
Valve

H

Pneumatic
Resistor

Total Flow

T

H

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Resistor

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

P

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Relief

Valve

Valve

Exhalation

Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

H

AB.98.100

7 Troubleshooting

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

EXP

INSP

AB.98.110

Paux

Atmosphere

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Pexp

Relief

AB.98.120
AB.98.101

INSP

H

Paux

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 7-7

Engström Ventilator

5. Open only the O2 flow valve by checking the O2 Flow Valve box (verify that
60000 DAC counts are set).

6. Repeat the Vent Engine Leak Test.

• If the test fails, check the individual components in the O

Flow path.

2

• If the test passes, check the individual components in the Air Flow path.

7-8 10/04 1505-1018-000

Pneumatic

High Pressure

Transducer

P

Inlet

Inlet

Primary

Filter

High Pressure

Transducer

Inlet
Filter

Inlet

Primary

Air

O

2

Regulator

25 psi

172 kPa

Check

Valve

Regulator

25 psi

P

172 kPa

Check
Valve

Sensor

Test

Port

T

Flow

Sensor

Test
Port

T

Flow
Valve

Flow

H

Flow

H

Valve

Pneumatic
Resistor

Total Flow

T

H

Inspiratory
Effort
Valve

Free Breathing

Check Valve

Resistor

Auxiliary Pressure

Purge Valve

P

Expiratory Pressure

O2 Sensor

O

2

Auxiliary Pressure

Transducer

Expiratory Zero

Safety

Relief Valve

P

Valve

Inspiratory Pressure

P

Inspiratory Zero

Relief

Valve

Valve

Exhalation

Valve

Inlet Manifold Vent Engine Manifold Outlet Manifold

H

7 Troubleshooting

30 mm Male Cone

Exhalation
Flow Sensor

EXP

INSP

AB.98.111

Paux

Atmosphere

P P

O

2

O

2

Regulator

O

2

Test
Port

O
Flow
Valve

2

O

2

Flow
Sensor

Total
Flow
Sensor

Air
Flow
Sensor

Air

Air
Regulator

Air
Test P ort

Air
Flow
Valve

Paux

Sensor

O

2

Pinsp

Paux

Pexp

Relief

AB.98.121

INSP

Paux

H

EXP

1505-1018-000 10/04 7-9

Engström Ventilator

7.3 Alarm message troubleshooting chart

Note: Whenever “Check/replace harness” is indicated, ensure that all terminals are

fully inserted into the connector body window and that all wires are properly
crimped.

Troubleshooting guidelines are listed in order of probability. The entire list
does not need to be carried out if the problem is resolved. The list may not
include all possible solutions.

• Alarm message = display message

• Alarm ID = message in Error log or Event log

Alarm message Alarm ID Priority Alarm Condition Special Behavior/Comments

• Action/Troubleshooting

-none- DU RAM Error Failed Self test failure or multi bit error
detected.

Run Backup Ventilation if in
Therapy.

-none- Therapy Power Off High

• Normal operation if On/Standby switch is moved to standby while in therapy.

• Verify vent is in standby state prior to turning power On/Standby switch to standby.

• Check/replace harness to On/Standby switch.

• Check/replace On/Standby switch.

• Check/replace PMB.

Air supply
pressure high

Air supply
pressure low

Flow Wave:
O2 only

Air Supply Pres High Low Air supply pressure > 95 psig for more

• Check air supply.

• Disconnect sensor and verify output is zero gauge pressure.

• Interchange harness connections on both supply pressure sensors.

• If alarm follows the sensor, replace supply pressure sensor.

• If not, check/replace VMB.

Air Supply Pres Low Medium

• Check air supply.

• Disconnect sensor and verify output is zero gauge pressure.

• Interchange harness connections on both supply pressure sensors.

• If alarm follows the sensor, check sensor connector terminals. Replace supply pressure sensor if necessary.

• If not, check/replace harness.

• If not harness, check/replace VMB.

Power switch is set to Off.

than 0.5 seconds

Air supply pressure < 24.3 psig for
more than 0.5 seconds

Unit shuts down Air supply and
delivers 100% Oxygen

7-10 10/04 1505-1018-000

7 Troubleshooting

Alarm message Alarm ID Priority Alarm Condition Special Behavior/Comments

• Action/Troubleshooting

Air temp high

Flow Wave:
O2 only

Air temp sensor
error

Backup audio
failure

Backup mode
active

Temp High High

• Check inlet air temperature.

• Use Service App to check temperatures of air and total flow sensors.

• If inlet air temp is NOT high, and if temp from total flow sensor reports more than 9°C higher than the air
sensor, replace Total Flow Sensor.

• With a air flow of approximately 10 l/min, verify air and total flows are within 10% of each other.

Air Temperature Sensor
Failure

• Check inlet air temperature.

• If comm. Failure alarm is also active, check harness connections.

• With gas supplies disconnected and system temperature stabilized, use Service App to check temperatures
of air and total flow sensors. Air flow sensor and total flow sensor shall not differ by more than 9°C.

• Replace sensors.

Backup Buzzer POST Medium Current to buzzer indicates audio is not

• Check harness connection between PMB/On-Standby switch.

• Verify buzzer current with voltage measurement at TP15 on VCB. If voltage IS NOT present, replace PMB. If
voltage IS present, replace VCB.

Backup Mode Active Medium Spontaneous breathing is insufficient

• Ensure the patient’s spontaneous breathing and ventilatory support is adequate. This alarm could be
triggered by user errors regarding patient ventilation requirements. See URM for details.

• Check error log for communication errors or DU errors.

Low

Tot al flow sensor temperature > 48 C Switch to 100% O2.

Air is turned off regardless of
other alarm conditions (for
example, O2 Supply Low).
When the condition clears, the
vent changes back to previous
known good set O2 mixture.

Out of range air temperature sensor
data (range is 0-60 degrees C).

sounding.

or Display Unit failure.
System goes into Backup Ventilation
mode.

Use total flow temperature for
all air flow sensor calculations,
including alarms.
If total flow sensor
temperature not available, use
50°C.

This alarm is logged at start­up and can be de-escalated
but cannot be cleared from
the screen.

Uses PCV mode and preset
settings (customer
configurable).

1505-1018-000 10/04 7-11

Engström Ventilator

Alarm message Alarm ID Priority Alarm Condition Special Behavior/Comments

• Action/Troubleshooting

Check D-fend

CO2 or O2 wave
instruction:
Check D-fend.
Wait 30 sec and
press Normal
Screen to
continue.

Check sample
gas out

CO2 or O2
waveform
instruction:
Check sample gas
out. Wait 30 sec
and press Normal
Screen to
continue.

Connect
nebulizer

Controls frozen.
Need service

Exp flow sensor
failure

Fans require
service

MGAS Sample Line Not
Connected >40 Sec

• Check that the sample tube is connected.

• Check that the water trap is connected.

• Check that the gas outlet is not blocked.

• Replace Module.

MGAS Check Sample
Gas Out > 20 Sec

• Check the gas outlet.

• Replace module.

Nebulizer not
Connected

• Re-connect Nebulizer.

• Replace Nebulizer cable.

• Replace Nebulizer head.

• Replace Nebulizer board.

Front Panel Com Fail High

• Cycle power

• Replace Keypad Controller

Exhalation Flow Sensor
Communications
Failure

• Check harness connection between VMB and exhalation flow sensor PCB.

• Replace exhalation flow sensor PCB.

• Replace VMB.

Fan Fail Medium

• Check connections to fans.

• Replace broken fan(s).

Medium

Medium

Low

High

MGAS communicates the sample
tubing or the D-fend module is not
installed.

MGAS communicates continuous
occlusion for 20 seconds

Nebulizer disconnected while
nebulization procedure is running.

Key pad controller fails to send life tick
for greater than 10 seconds

Failed communications with exhalation
flow sensor.

Fan Power Status Bits for main fan or
vicor fan is low.

The pump turns Off.
If Normal Screen is selected
the DU commands the MGAS
to start sampling again.

The pump turns Off.
If Normal Screen is selected,
the DU commands the MGAS
to start sampling again.

DU to allow power off
confirmation, even in Therapy.

(The Power lock popup will not
appear.)

Use open loop pressure
control.

7-12 10/04 1505-1018-000

7 Troubleshooting

Alarm message Alarm ID Priority Alarm Condition Special Behavior/Comments

• Action/Troubleshooting

FiO2 control error Air Flow Sensor

Communications
Failure

• Check Error Log for Air/O2 Insp Flow Sensor Supply Voltage.

• If yes:

-Disconnect vent engine harness at air flow sensor. If voltage error stops, replace air flow sensor.

-Disconnect vent engine harness at O2 flow sensor. If voltage error stops, replace O2 flow sensor.

-Disconnect vent engine harness at VCB. If voltage error stops, replace harness.

• If no:

-Check connection to Air Flow Sensor.

-Interchange harness connection between air and total flow sensor.

-If problem stays with sensor, replace sensor. If alarm follows harness, check/replace harness. If harness is

OK, replace VCB.

FiO2 control error O2 Flow Sensor

Communications
Failure

• Check Error Log for Air/O2 Insp Flow Sensor Supply Voltage.

• If yes:

-Disconnect vent engine harness at air flow sensor. If voltage error stops, replace air flow sensor.

-Disconnect vent engine harness at O2 flow sensor. If voltage error stops, replace O2 flow sensor.

-Disconnect vent engine harness at VCB. If voltage error stops, replace harness.

• If no:

-Check connection to O2 Flow Sensor.

-Interchange harness connection between O2 and total flow sensor.

-If problem stays with sensor, replace sensor. If alarm follows harness, check/replace harness. If harness is

OK, replace VCB.

Flow sensor error Exhalation Flow Sensor

Comparison

• Using Service App, verify Inspiratory flows match Expiratory flow within tolerance stated above.

• Replace expiratory sensor as necessary.

• Replace exhalation flow sensor board (EFSB).

Internal power

PMB DC-DC Fail Medium

failure

• Check screw terminal connections and harness between AC-DC power supply and PMB

• Check fuse F1. If not OK, replace PMB.

• Replace AC-DC power supply.

Mixed gas temp
sensor error

Tot al Flow Temperature
Sensor Failure

• Check inlet air temperature.

• If comm. Failure alarm is also active, check harness connections.

• With gas supplies disconnected and system temperature stabilized, use Service App to check temperatures
of air and total flow sensors. If either reports temperature out of range (0 to 60°C), replace that sensor.

Medium Loss of communication. Use Open Loop valve mixture

control.
Return to closed loop volume
delivery control when cleared.

Medium Loss of communication. Use Open Loop valve mixture

control.
Return to closed loop volume
delivery control when cleared.

Medium

(TVexp – TVinsp) > (0.3* TVinsp) or
100 mL whichever is greater for 6
consecutive breaths.

Freeze vent engine volume
compensation on first breath
detected.

AC supply is OK but batteries are being

Low

discharged.

Out of range total temperature sensor
data.

Use air flow temperature for
total flow sensor calculations,
including alarms.
If air flow sensor temperature
not available use 50°C.

1505-1018-000 10/04 7-13

Engström Ventilator

Alarm message Alarm ID Priority Alarm Condition Special Behavior/Comments

• Action/Troubleshooting

Module fail. No
CO2, O2 data

Module not
compatible

Negative airway
pressure

No battery
backup

MGAS Sensor Inop > XX Medium

• Replace Module

Module Not Compatible Low

• Remove and reseat Module.

• Check software revision in the Service Log.

• Replace Module.

Negative Pressure High

• Compare Insp and Exp sensor values using the Service App at zero and 100 cm/H2O. The Insp and Exp
pressure sensors should match within ±5 cmH20 (while at 0 cmH2O true pressure) and ±10 cmH2O (while
at 100 cmH20 true pressure)

• Calibrate pressure sensors.

• Refer to pneumatic troubleshooting section for testing zeroing valve.

• Check harness connection on VCB and VMB.

• Replace sensor as needed.

Degraded Battery Medium

• Verify unit has been connected to mains for more than 24 hours.

• Check error log for related messages.

• Use Service App to determine charge state. If in trickle charge, replace batteries.

• Check/replace harness.

• Check/replace PMB.

MGAS communicates hardware failure
(RAM failure, ROM checksum error,
Error in CPU EEPROM, Error O2 preamp
EEPROM, Error in SSSboard EEPROM,
Voltage error, or Lamp control failure.)

The monitoring module detected is not
compatible with system software. The
EV is designed to work with the
following Compact Airway Modules:
SW Version 3.2 and above of M-C, M­CO, M-COV, M-COVX, M-CAiO, M­CAiOV, and M-CAiOVX.

Paw insp or Paw exp < -10 cmH20 Latched alarm.

PEEP numeric highlighted in
red.

The total battery voltage is <20VDC

-or­Each battery voltage is <10VDC

7-14 10/04 1505-1018-000

7 Troubleshooting

Alarm message Alarm ID Priority Alarm Condition Special Behavior/Comments

• Action/Troubleshooting

No battery
backup?

No battery
backup?

No battery
backup

No battery
backup

DU to PMB Com Error

-or­PMB to DU Com Error

• Check error logs for related messages.

• Check communication (no software information indicates no communication).

• If multiple failures, replace DU CPU board.

• Check / replace display cable.

• Check (reseat) all connections on all PC boards.

• Check/replace DU interface board.

• Replace motherboard.

• Replace PMB.

PMB POST Failure Medium

• Cycle power.

• Replace PMB.

Battery Charge Fail

-or­Standby Current High

• Cycle power.

• Check/replace harness.

• Replace Power Supply.

• Replace PMB.

Battery Fail Medium

• Cycle power.

• Check/replace harness.

• Replace batteries.

Medium

Medium

Communications from the DU to the
power controller cannot be established
for 10 seconds.

-or­Communications from the power
controller to the DC cannot be
established for 10 seconds.

Power controller failed CPU self tests Note question mark at end of

The system is powered on with a
battery current >1.3 amps.

-or­System is in Standby and
the charge current is >1.7 Amps.

While bulk, over, or float charging any
battery is <10.5VDC (short)

-or­Battery has been charging for >24h
while powered on (sulfated)

-or­Voltage >16.5V during bulk or over
charging and normal current >0.25
amps (sulfated).

PMB assumes failed state and
allows system to shutdown
without confirmation from DU.
(This alarm allows vent to be
shut down if DU
communications is lost.)

Note question mark at end of
message and no battery
status indicator on display.

message and no battery
status indicator on display

Battery status indicator
appears under clock.

1505-1018-000 10/04 7-15

Engström Ventilator

Alarm message Alarm ID Priority Alarm Condition Special Behavior/Comments

• Action/Troubleshooting

No battery
backup

No battery
backup

No battery
backup

No battery
backup

No exp flow
sensor

No gas supply
pressure

O2 sensor failure O2 Sensor Fail Medium Out of range O2 sensor (Paracube)

Battery Missing Medium

• Cycle power.

• Check connections/replace harness.

• Check/replace fuse.

• Replace batteries.

Battery Reversed
Connection

• Cycle power.

• Check connections to battery.

• Replace batteries.

• Replace PMB.

Self Test Fail Medium

• Cycle power.

• Replace PMB

Standby Bulk Charge >
12Hrs

• Check connections

• Replace batteries.

• Replace PMB.

No Exhal Flow Sensor High

• Check Exhalation flow sensor connection.

• Replace Exhalation Flow Sensor.

• Verify low pressure leak test passes.

• Check/replace interface PCB and flex circuit.

• Check/replace exhalation flow sensor PCB.

No Supply Pressure High

• Check O2 and Air supply pressures.

• Check/replace harness between sensor and VMB.

• Check error log for reference voltage errors.

• Check/replace VMB.

• Calibrate O2 sensor with Checkout (ensure both Air and O2 gas supply are connected).

• Calibrate O2 sensor with Service App (ensure both Air and O2 gas supply are connected).

• Verify O2 Concentration sensor voltage error is not present in error log.

• Check/replace harness.

• Check/replace O2 sensor.

• Check/replace VMB.

Medium

Medium

Any battery voltage is between -1.0
and +1.0VDC.

Any battery voltage is less than

-1.0VDC

Power controller failed self tests
(memory, voltages, or CPU).

System is in Standby and the charge
mode is bulk charging and the duration
has exceeded 12 hours.

No Exhalation Flow Sensor connected Use Open Loop pressure

O2 supply pressure and air supply
pressure < 24.3 psig for more than 0.5
seconds

data greater than 103% or
communication error

Battery status indicator
appears under clock.

Battery status indicator
appears under clock.

Battery status indicator
appears under clock.

control.

Continue 100% gas flow of
whichever gas has the higher
pressure value at the onset of
the alarm; if both are equal,
use 100% O2.

7-16 10/04 1505-1018-000