CB 2026 User Manual

Question ID: e3edc138

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

In a heated debate in biogeography, the field is divided between dispersalists and vicariancists. ______ there are those who argue that dispersal is

the most crucial determining factor in a species’ distribution, and those who insist that vicariance (separation due to geographic barriers) is.

Biogeographer Isabel Sanmartín counts herself among neither.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Furthermore,

B. By contrast,

C. Similarly,

D. That is,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “That is” logically signals that this sentence clarifies the terms of the scientific debate introduced in the previous

sentence by explaining the difference between dispersalists and vicariancists.

Choice A is incorrect because “furthermore” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is merely additional to (and separate from)

the information in the previous sentence about the scientific debate. Instead, the information about dispersalists and vicariancists clarifies the

terms of that debate. Choice B is incorrect because “by contrast” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the

information in the previous sentence about the scientific debate. Instead, the information about dispersalists and vicariancists clarifies the terms

of that debate. Choice C is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is merely similar to the

information in the previous sentence about the scientific debate. Instead, the information about dispersalists and vicariancists clarifies the terms

of that debate.

Question ID: cf11282b

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

Scientists were able to isolate a relatively pure sample of selenium in 1817, the same year they first discovered the element’s existence. ______

the isolation process took longer for molybdenum, which was isolated in its pure form three years after scientists first discovered it.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. By contrast,

B. Thus,

C. Similarly,

D. For instance,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. "By contrast" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that isolating molybdenum was a relatively long

process—contrasts with the previous information that isolating selenium was a short process.

Choice B is incorrect because "thus" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a result of the previous information about

selenium’s short isolation process. Instead, the sentence presents contrasting information about molybdenum’s longer isolation process. Choice

C is incorrect because "similarly" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is similar to the previous information about selenium’s

short isolation process. Instead, the sentence presents contrasting information about molybdenum’s longer isolation process. Choice D is

incorrect because "for instance" illogically signals that the information in this sentence exemplifies the previous information about selenium’s

short isolation process. Instead, the sentence presents contrasting information about molybdenum’s longer isolation process.

Question ID: 00221c00

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

In 1815, while in exile in Jamaica, Venezuelan revolutionary Simón Bolívar penned a letter praising England’s republican government and

expressing hope that Latin American nations seeking independence from Spain might achieve something similar. The letter was addressed to a

local merchant, Henry Cullen; ______ though, Bolívar’s goal was to persuade political leaders from England and Europe to support his cause.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. additionally,

B. ultimately,

C. accordingly,

D. consequently,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “Ultimately” means “in the long run” or “at the highest level.” Although Bolívar wrote to a local merchant, his ultimate

goal was to send a message to political leaders in Europe. Therefore, “ultimately” fits perfectly in this context.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of an agreeing idea. However, the second part of the sentence

actually disagrees with the first part. Bolívar addressed the letter to Cullen, but he was really sending a message to someone else. Notice how

the contrast word “though” also acts as a transition between these ideas. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition.

Bolívar’s writing of the letter to Cullen would not cause him to have a goal of persuading European powers to support him. Choice D is incorrect.

This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition. Bolívar’s writing of the letter to Cullen would not cause him to have a goal of persuading

European powers to support him.

Question ID: 326017ce

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

For years, biologists have experimented with using grime-eating bacteria rather than harsh chemicals to clean artworks, and results have been

impressive overall. ______ these bacterial strains—which can metabolize centuries’ worth of oil, glue, dirt, and other surface impurities without

creating harmful byproducts—have proven more effective than traditional chemical cleaning methods.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. However,

B. In many cases,

C. As a result,

D. Additionally,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. The first sentence makes the claim that using grime-eating bacteria has led to “impressive results.” This sentence

supports that claim by describing the specific findings of the biologists’ experimentation. The transition “in many cases” fits the context

perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with the previous sentence. Both claim that

grime-eating bacteria are better at cleaning artworks than chemicals. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which

doesn’t make sense in context. The fact that the results of the experimentation have been impressive overall doesn’t cause the bacteria to have

proven more effective. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of a new idea. But this sentence doesn’t

introduce a new idea. Instead, it elaborates on the same idea laid out in the previous sentence by describing the “impressive results” in more

detail.

Question ID: 20733eac

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

It has long been thought that humans first crossed a land bridge into the Americas approximately 13,000 years ago. ______ based on radiocarbon

dating of samples uncovered in Mexico, a research team recently suggested that humans may have arrived more than 30,000 years ago—much

earlier than previously thought.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. As a result,

B. Similarly,

C. However,

D. In conclusion,



Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “However” logically signals that the theory discussed in this sentence—that humans may have arrived in the

Americas over 30,000 years ago—contrasts with the previously discussed theory that humans arrived around 13,000 years ago.

Choice A is incorrect because “as a result” illogically signals that the theory in this sentence is the result of the theory discussed in the previous

sentence. Instead, this theory contrasts with the previous one. Choice B is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the theory in this

sentence is similar to the theory discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, this theory contrasts with the previous one. Choice D is incorrect

because “in conclusion” illogically signals that the theory in this sentence concludes or summarizes the discussion of the previous theory.

Instead, this theory contrasts with the previous one.

Question ID: f07570bb

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

Researchers believe that pieces of hull found off Oregon’s coast are from a Spanish cargo ship that was lost in 1697. Stories passed down

among the area’s Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians support this belief. ______ Siletz stories describe how blocks of beeswax, an item the ship

had been carrying, began washing ashore after the ship was lost.



Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. For this reason,

B. For example,

C. However,

D. Likewise,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “For example” logically signals that the Siletz beeswax stories mentioned in this sentence are examples consistent

with the previous claim that Siletz stories support the shipwreck theory.

Choice A is incorrect because “for this reason” illogically signals that the Siletz stories about the beeswax were caused by the previous claim that

Siletz stories support the shipwreck theory. Instead, the beeswax stories are examples consistent with the claim. Choice C is incorrect because

“

however” illogically signals that the Siletz stories about the beeswax contrast with the previous claim that Siletz stories support the shipwreck

theory. Instead, the beeswax stories are examples consistent with the claim. Choice D is incorrect because “likewise” illogically signals that the

Siletz stories about the beeswax are similar to the previous claim that Siletz stories support the shipwreck theory. Instead, the beeswax stories

are examples consistent with the claim.

Question ID: 221ecf0f

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

Alexander Lawrence Posey (1873–1908) varied his focus and tone depending on the genre in which he was writing. In his poetry, he used

heartfelt language to evoke the beauty and peacefulness of his natural surroundings; in his journalism, ______ he employed humor and satire to

comment on political issues affecting his Muskogee Creek community.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. that is,

B. granted,

C. similarly,

D. by contrast,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. This sentence compares two examples of Posey’s tone: the “heartfelt language” he used in his poetry versus the

“

humor and satire” he used in his journalism. We know from these descriptions and from the claim in the previous sentence that the two tones

are very different from each other. So the transition “by contrast” fits the context perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea in other words. But the text isn’t restating the

first example here. Instead, it’s offering a second, totally different example. Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that means

“

admittedly.” But the text isn’t admitting or conceding anything here. Instead, these two examples work together to support the claim made in the

first sentence. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of an agreeing idea. But these two examples are

intentionally very different from each other, so “similarly” doesn’t make sense here.

Question ID: 97e2e364

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

Okot p’Bitek’s poem

Song of Lawino

(1966) explores postcolonial Ugandan life through the eyes of a woman living in a rural village. With its

vibrant imagery, bitingly satiric tone, and dexterous use of traditional Acholi song and phraseology, the poem inspired a generation of East

African writers. ______ those who adopted its style are often referred to as Okot School poets.



Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Nevertheless,

B. Fittingly,

C. By comparison,



D. Instead,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “Fittingly” is a transition that means “appropriately” or “suitably,” and it is appropriate that writers who adopted their

style from Okot p’Bitek would be known as the Okot School poets.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence is not disagreeing with anything—rather, it’s discussing how

it makes sense for those writers who adopted Okot’s style to be known as the Okot School poets. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a

transition that compares two ideas. But this sentence is not comparing the Okot School poets and their style to Okot’s style. Choice D is

incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence is not disagreeing with anything—rather, it’s discussing how it makes

sense for those writers who adopted Okot’s style to be known as the Okot School poets.

Question ID: 01c8c433

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

Before the 1847 introduction of the US postage stamp, the cost of postage was usually paid by the recipient of a letter rather than the sender,

and recipients were not always able or willing to pay promptly. ______ collecting this fee could be slow and arduous, and heaps of unpaid-for,

undeliverable mail piled up in post offices.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Regardless,

B. On the contrary,

C. Consequently,

D. For example,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Consequently” logically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence (slow fee collection, heaps of

undeliverable mail) were a consequence of the fee system described in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence occurred despite the fee system

described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a consequence of that system. Choice B is incorrect because “on the contrary” illogically

signals that the postal problems described in this sentence contrast with the fee system described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a

consequence of that system. Choice D is incorrect because “for example” illogically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence

are an example of the fee system described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a consequence of that system.

Question ID: db8fe023

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

A potter choosing which type of clay to use for a piece considers two key factors: the desired look of the piece and its intended use. ______

earthenware clay is often used for decorative pieces because of its rustic look. This type of clay is not often used in industrial settings, though,

because it is less durable than other clays.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. In other words,

B. Regardless,

C. In conclusion,

D. For example,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. The previous sentence tells us that potters think about the look and use of a piece when selecting clay. This

sentence provides a specific example of a type of clay selected for its appearance, so the transition "for example" fits perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea. But this sentence does more than just restate

the previous idea. Instead, it provides a more specific example of the idea presented in the first sentence. Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses

a disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with the previous sentence. Both sentences suggest that desired look plays a role in

the selection of clay types for pottery pieces. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a concluding transition. But this sentence doesn’t sum up

the previous sentence. Instead, it gives a specific example of the idea presented in the previous sentence.

Question ID: 11df9b99

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

Because an achiral molecule is symmetrical, flipping it yields a structurally identical molecule. A flipped chiral molecule, ______ can be compared

to a glove that has been turned inside out: it produces a structurally inverted molecule rather than an identical one.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. in other words,

B. by contrast,

C. for example,

D. similarly,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. This sentence compares a chiral molecule to an achiral one. It discusses how when a chiral molecule is flipped, it

results in something very different than when an achiral molecule is flipped. So the transition "by contrast" fits the context perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea in different words. But this sentence doesn’t

restate the same idea as the previous sentence. Instead, it makes a new point about a different type of molecule (chiral instead of achiral).

Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example, which doesn’t make sense here. The second sentence isn’t an

example of the first sentence’s claim about achiral molecules: it actually introduces an entirely different idea that focuses on chiral molecules.

Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of an agreeing idea. But this sentence shows a contrast with the

first sentence—namely, that a chiral molecule acts very differently from an achiral molecule when flipped.

Question ID: 30438650

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

Jhumpa Lahiri’s story collection

Interpreter of Maladies

features multiple stories about romantic relationships. In “This Blessed House,

”

newlyweds argue over whether to replace items left by the previous owners of their new home. ______ in “A Temporary Matter,” a husband and

wife attempt to rekindle their relationship during a four-night blackout.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Granted,

B. For example,

C. Likewise,

D. Hence,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. "Likewise" is a transition that indicates the addition of a new but related idea. In this sentence, the author is

providing another similar example to that discussed in the previous sentence. Therefore, "likewise" works best in this context.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that means "admittedly." But the text isn’t admitting or conceding anything here. Instead,

these two examples work together to support the claim made in the first sentence. Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses an exemplification

transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The second story is not an example of the story in the previous sentence—it’s another, similar story.

And while both stories exemplify the first sentence in the text, the transition we’re looking for isn’t actually connected to that sentence. Choice D

is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The first story didn’t result in the events of the

second story.

Question ID: 7ce14583

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

In Asiya Wadud’s 2022 poem “Shorn, Treaded Red,” the poet contemplates a painting that has inspired her: Etel Adnan’s 2020 work

Satellites 27

.

The painting, which features overlapping geometric shapes, fuels the poem’s exploration of temporality and identity. ______ in responding to

Adnan’s artwork, Wadud’s poem reflects on the relationship between poetry and other art forms.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. In other words,



B. For instance,

C. What’s more,

D. Conversely,



Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. "What’s more" logically signals that this sentence introduces an additional aspect of Wadud’s poem beyond what

was previously discussed. While the previous sentence establishes that Adnan’s painting has inspired "the poem’s exploration of temporality and

identity," this sentence provides a separate, additional claim about the poem: that it reflects on poetry’s relationship to other art forms.

Choice A is incorrect because "in other words" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a paraphrase or restatement of the

previous point about how Adnan’s painting has inspired "the poem’s exploration of temporality and identity." Instead, the sentence provides a

separate, additional claim about the poem. Choice B is incorrect because "for instance" illogically signals that the information in this sentence

supports the previous point about "the poem’s exploration of temporality and identity" by providing an example. Instead, the sentence provides a

separate, additional claim about the poem. Choice D is incorrect because "conversely" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is

contrary to the previous point about how Adnan’s painting has inspired "the poem’s exploration of temporality and identity." Instead, the sentence

provides a separate, additional claim about the poem.

Question ID: 3fd0ab63

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

Voting members of the 2002 Latin Grammys were impressed by Banda Cuisillos’s album

Puras Rancheras Con Cuisillos

and its contribution to the

banda genre, a form of regional Mexican music featuring large ensembles of wind instruments and drums that first developed in southern and

central Mexico in the mid-nineteenth century. ______ they awarded the group the Best Banda Album award.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. In contrast,

B. Meanwhile,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Accordingly,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "Accordingly" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that the voting members awarded Banda

Cuisillos the Best Banda Album award—is in accordance with, or results from, the previous information about the voters being impressed by

Banda Cuisillos’s album.

Choice A is incorrect because "in contrast" illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the previous information about

voting members being impressed by Banda Cuisillos’s album. Instead, the voters’ decision to give the group the Best Banda Album award is in

accordance with, or results from, that information. Choice B is incorrect because "meanwhile" illogically signals that the information in this

sentence is separate from (while occurring simultaneously with) the previous information about the voting members being impressed by Banda

Cuisillos’s album. Instead, the voters’ decision to give the group the Best Banda Album award is in accordance with, or results from, that

information. Choice C is incorrect because "nevertheless" illogically signals that the information that follows is despite the information about the

voting members being impressed by Banda Cuisillos’s album. Instead, the voters’ decision to give the group the Best Banda Album award is in

accordance with, or results from, that information.

Question ID: f5959727

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

Modernista architects championed nature in their designs. ______ the wavy staircase and ornate floral tilework of Hospital de Sant Pau, a

Modernista hospital designed by Lluís Domènech i Montaner, couldn’t exactly grow in a forest. Still, one sees natural influences in Domènech i

Montaner’s penchant for curves (rather than right angles) and plant- and animal-inspired flourishes.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Furthermore,

B. Similarly,

C. Of course,

D. Thus,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. "Of course" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that "the wavy staircase and ornate floral

tilework" of the Modernista hospital couldn’t actually grow in a forest—acknowledges an obvious limitation of, or qualification to, the previous

claim that Modernista architects championed nature in their designs.

Choice A is incorrect because "furthermore" illogically signals that the information in this sentence merely adds to the previous claim that

Modernista architects championed nature in their designs. Instead, the sentence acknowledges an obvious limitation in how literally that natural

influence was expressed in the hospital’s features. Choice B is incorrect because "similarly" illogically signals that the information in this

sentence is similar to the previous claim that Modernista architects championed nature in their designs. Instead, the sentence acknowledges an

obvious limitation in how literally that natural influence was expressed in the hospital’s features. Choice D is incorrect because "thus" illogically

signals that the information in this sentence is a result of the previous claim that Modernista architects championed nature in their designs.

Instead, the sentence acknowledges an obvious limitation in how literally that natural influence was expressed in the hospital’s features.

Question ID: 6e0c60da

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

When one looks at the dark craggy vistas in Hitoshi Fugo’s evocative photo series, one’s mind might wander off to the cratered surfaces of

faraway planets. ______ it’s the series’ title,

Flying Frying Pan

, that brings one back to Earth, reminding the viewer that each photo is actually a

close-up view of a familiar household object: a frying pan.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Consequently,

B. Alternatively,

C. Ultimately,

D. Additionally,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. The first sentence describes an experience that the viewer has when they’re looking at the photos: they imagine

other planets. This sentence describes an experience that the viewer has afterward: the title reminds them that the photos are of frying pans,

bringing them back to reality. “Ultimately” is a transition that means “eventually” or “in the end,” so it fits the context perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The viewer imagining other planets when

they’re looking at the photos doesn’t cause the title to bring them back to reality. Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that

indicates another option or possibility, which doesn’t make sense here. Rather, the viewer has both experiences: first the viewer imagines that

they’re looking at another planet, and then the title reminds them that it’s just a frying pan. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition

that indicates the addition of an agreeing idea. But the viewer’s experience in the second sentence is actually the opposite of the viewer’s

experience in the first sentence. In the first sentence, the viewer is imagining that they’re seeing a landscape from another planet. In the second

sentence, the viewer is reminded that they’re looking at a frying pan.

Question ID: fc5e83cc

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

When following musical scores, professional opera singers like soprano Ana María Martínez take vocal directions from descriptive notations,

typically in Italian, that appear alongside the musical notes. ______ these descriptive terms might guide the performer to sing

giocoso

(playfully)

or

lento

(at a slow tempo).

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. On the other hand,

B. All the same,

C. For example,

D. In the second place,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. "For example" logically signals that this sentence supports the previous information about the descriptive notations

opera singers use by providing specific examples of these notations:

giocoso

(playfully) and

lento

(at a slow tempo).

Choice A is incorrect because "on the other hand" illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the previous information

about the descriptive notations opera singers use. Instead, the sentence provides examples of these notations. Choice B is incorrect because "all

the same" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is true despite the previous information about the descriptive notations opera

singers use. Instead, the sentence provides examples of these notations. Choice D is incorrect because "in the second place" illogically signals

that the information in this sentence is a second point that is separate from the previous information about the descriptive notations opera

singers use. Instead, the sentence provides examples of these notations.

Question ID: 2df7b582

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

Plato believed material objects to be crude representations of unseen ideal forms. In his view, such abstract, nonmaterial forms are the ultimate

source of knowledge. Aristotle disagreed, positing that knowledge is best obtained through direct engagement with the material world; ______

sensory experience of the material is the ultimate source of knowledge.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. regardless,

B. admittedly,

C. in other words,

D. meanwhile,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “In other words” logically signals that the claim about sensory experience that follows—that sensory experience is

the source of knowledge—is a restatement of Aristotle’s theory from earlier in the sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the claim about sensory experience that follows is true in spite of Aristotle’s

theory from earlier in the sentence. Instead, this claim is a restatement of his theory. Choice B is incorrect because “admittedly” illogically signals

that the claim about sensory experience that follows is an exception to Aristotle’s theory from earlier in the sentence. Instead, this claim is a

restatement of his theory. Choice D is incorrect because “meanwhile” illogically signals that the claim about sensory experience that follows is

separate from (while occurring simultaneously with) Aristotle’s theory from earlier in the sentence. Instead, this claim is a restatement of his

theory.

Question ID: f8c4591b

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

With their distinctive cone shapes and steeply sloping sides, the volcanoes Hverfjall (Iceland) and Toliman (Guatemala) may look similar from

afar. Tehnuka Ilanko and other volcanologists, ______ can tell by how each was formed that Hverfjall is a cinder cone volcano, while Toliman is a

composite volcano.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. for example,

B. in addition,

C. therefore,

D. though,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "Though" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that volcanologists can distinguish the two

volcanoes by how they were formed—presents a qualification or exception to the previous statement that the volcanoes look similar. The

volcanoes are actually of two different types.

Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information in this sentence exemplifies the previous information about

the volcanoes looking similar. Instead, the sentence presents a qualification to that apparent similarity—the volcanoes are actually of two

different types. Choice B is incorrect because "in addition" illogically signals that the information in this sentence merely adds to the previous

information about the volcanoes looking similar. Instead, the sentence presents a qualification to that apparent similarity—the volcanoes are

actually of two different types. Choice C is incorrect because "therefore" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a result of the

previous information about the volcanoes looking similar. Instead, the sentence presents a qualification to that apparent similarity—the

volcanoes are actually of two different types.

Question ID: 49ecf985

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

On March 3, 1991, Switzerland’s government lowered the minimum voting age for its citizens from 20 to 18 years old. ______ many people in

Switzerland gained a new opportunity to participate in their country’s political process.



Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Nevertheless,

B. As a result,

C. By contrast,

D. Similarly,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "As a result" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that many people in Switzerland gained a new

opportunity to participate in their country’s political process—is a result or consequence of the previous information about the Swiss government

lowering the voting age.

Choice A is incorrect because "nevertheless" illogically signals that the information that follows is despite the information in the previous

sentence about the Swiss government lowering the voting age. Instead, people gained a new opportunity to participate in Switzerland’s political

process as a result or consequence of that change. Choice C is incorrect because "by contrast" illogically signals that the information in this

sentence contrasts with the information in the previous sentence about the Swiss government lowering the voting age. Instead, people gained a

new opportunity to participate in Switzerland’s political process as a result or consequence of that change. Choice D is incorrect because

"similarly" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is similar to the information about the Swiss government lowering the voting

age in the previous sentence. Instead, people gained a new opportunity to participate in Switzerland’s political process as a result or

consequence of that change.

Question ID: f33f0892

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

Although novels and poems are considered distinct literary forms, many authors have created hybrid works that incorporate elements of both.

Bernardine Evaristo’s

The Emperor’s Babe

, ______ is a verse novel, a book-length narrative complete with characters and a plot but conveyed in

short, crisp lines of poetry rather than prose.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. by contrast,

B. consequently,

C. secondly,

D. for example,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “For example” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that

The Emperor’s Babe

is a novel conveyed in

lines of poetry—exemplifies the claim in the previous sentence about hybrid works that incorporate elements of both novels and poems.

Choice A is incorrect because “by contrast” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the claim about hybrid works in

the previous sentence. Instead, the information demonstrates that Evaristo’s novel is an example of a hybrid work.Choice B is incorrect because

“

consequently” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a consequence, or result, of the claim about hybrid works in the previous

sentence. Instead, the information demonstrates that Evaristo’s novel is an example of a hybrid work. Choice C is incorrect because “secondly

”

illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a second, separate claim from the previous sentence’s claim about hybrid works.

Instead, the information demonstrates that Evaristo’s novel is an example of a hybrid work.

Question ID: a6155e60

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

Every chemical compound has a spectroscopic fingerprint, a pattern of reflected light unique to that compound. ______ upon analyzing the light

reflected by the bright regions on the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres, Maria Cristina De Sanctis of Rome’s National Institute of Astrophysics

was able to determine that the regions contain large amounts of the compound sodium carbonate.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Regardless,

B. Meanwhile,

C. Thus,

D. In comparison,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Thus” logically signals that the action described in this sentence—the researcher being able to determine the

chemical makeup of the planet’s bright regions based on how they reflect light—is a result or consequence of the previous information about

spectroscopic fingerprints.

Choice A is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the action described in this sentence occurs despite the previous information

about spectroscopic fingerprints. Instead, the finding in this sentence is a result or consequence of that information. Choice B is incorrect

because “meanwhile” illogically signals that the action described in this sentence either occurs at the same time as or offers an alternative to the

previous information about spectroscopic fingerprints. Instead, the finding in this sentence is a result or consequence of that information.

Choice D is incorrect because “in comparison” illogically signals that the action described in this sentence is being compared with the previous

information about spectroscopic fingerprints. Instead, the finding in this sentence is a result or consequence of that information.

Question ID: 00e0170f

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

Magnetic levitation (maglev) trains are suspended above a track by powerful electromagnets, reducing friction and thus allowing for much faster

speeds. Though maglev advocates in the US have long imagined these trains crisscrossing the country, their dream remains unrealized. ______ of

the handful of maglev trains currently in operation, all are in Asia.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. In fact,

B. To that end,

C. Nevertheless,

D. That said,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. This sentence emphasizes just how far maglev advocates’ dreams are from coming true. “In fact” is a transition

used to emphasize the truth of a statement that modifies the previous statement and therefore fits perfectly in this context.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. Maglev advocates’ dream remaining

unrealized would not cause there to be only a few maglev trains, all located in Asia. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement

transition, which doesn’t make sense here. In fact, this sentence agrees with the previous sentence—both talk about how maglev trains are far

from becoming common in the US. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition, which doesn’t make sense here. In fact,

this sentence agrees with the previous sentence—both talk about how maglev trains are far from becoming common in the US.

Question ID: c071eca2

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

Iraqi artist Nazik Al-Malaika, celebrated as the first Arabic poet to write in free verse, didn’t reject traditional forms entirely; her poem “Elegy for a

Woman of No Importance” consists of two ten-line stanzas and a standard number of syllables. Even in this superficially traditional work, ______

Al-Malaika was breaking new ground by memorializing an anonymous woman rather than a famous man.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. therefore,

B. in fact,

C. moreover,

D. though,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. The first sentence tells us that Al-Malaika sometimes used "traditional forms". The second tells us that even when

she used traditional forms, Al-Malaika was "breaking new ground". To connect these ideas, we need a contrast word like "but." "Though" is a

contrast word similar to "but."

Choice A is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that Al-Malaika sometimes used "traditional forms". The second

tells us that even when she used traditional forms, Al-Malaika was "breaking new ground". To connect these ideas, we need a contrast word like

"but." "Therefore" doesn’t show contrast; it shows cause and effect. Choice B is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us

that Al-Malaika sometimes used "traditional forms". The second tells us that even when she used traditional forms, Al-Malaika was "breaking

new ground". To connect these ideas, we need a contrast word like "but." "In fact" is a phrase that usually emphasizes the truth of the previous

statement. Choice C is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that Al-Malaika sometimes used "traditional forms". The

second tells us that even when she used traditional forms, Al-Malaika was "breaking new ground". To connect these ideas, we need a contrast

word like "but." "Moreover" doesn’t show contrast—it introduces additional information that continues or supports the previous idea.

Question ID: 176edca6

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

A 2017 study of sign language learners tested the role of iconicity—the similarity of a sign to the thing it represents—in language acquisition. The

study found that the greater the iconicity of a sign, the more likely it was to have been learned. ______ the correlation between acquisition and

iconicity was lower than that between acquisition and another factor studied: sign frequency.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. In fact,

B. In other words,

C. Granted,

D. As a result,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Granted” logically signals that the following information—that iconicity is not as highly correlated with acquisition

as sign frequency—is true in spite of the information about the correlation between iconicity and acquisition in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because “in fact” illogically signals that the sentence that follows either emphasizes or refutes the information in the

previous sentence regarding the correlation between iconicity and acquisition. Instead, the sentence that follows provides additional information

that is true in spite of the preceding information; it neither emphasizes nor refutes that information. Choice B is incorrect because “in other

words” illogically signals that the sentence that follows is a restatement of the information in the previous sentence; instead, the sentence that

follows provides additional information that is true in spite of the preceding information. Choice D is incorrect because “as a result” illogically

signals that the sentence that follows is a result of the information in the previous sentence regarding the correlation between iconicity and

acquisition; instead, the sentence that follows is true in spite of the preceding information.

Question ID: 388b45aa

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

Establishing Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is no easy task. Each month, readings of a single second from atomic clocks around the world

are taken and sent to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) in France. ______ BIPM metrologists perform the meticulous

work of assembling these minutely disparate readings into a globally shared time standard.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. There,

B. In particular,

C. For example,

D. Conversely,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. "There" indicates that the work of calculating Coordinated Universal Time takes place at the International Bureau of

Weights and Measures in France. Because "there" indicates a location, it fits the context perfectly.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses an exemplification transition, which doesn’t make sense here. This sentence is describing where the work

of coordinating Coordinated Universal Time takes place, not giving an example of the work described in the previous sentence. Choice C is

incorrect. This choice uses an exemplification transition, which doesn’t make sense here. This sentence is describing where the work of

coordinating Coordinated Universal Time takes place, not giving an example of the work described in the previous sentence. Choice D is

incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous sentence. They both describe the

work involved in calculating Coordinated Universal Time.

Question ID: 9f1a0d91

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

“

Tulip mania”—the rapid rise and sudden fall of the price of tulip bulbs in seventeenth-century Amsterdam—is often cited as an example of the

perils of rampant market speculation. However, recent research has demonstrated that the episode was neither as frenzied nor as disastrous as

has been thought. The popular myth surrounding it, ______ should be regarded with some skepticism.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. for example,

B. by contrast,

C. nevertheless,

D. therefore,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. This sentence is arguing that new evidence contradicting popular beliefs about “tulip mania” should cast doubt on

those beliefs. “Therefore” is a cause-and-effect transition, which fits perfectly in this context.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses an exemplification transition, which doesn’t make sense here. Skepticism about the popular beliefs is not

an example of recent evidence contradicting those beliefs—rather, skepticism is an effect of that recent evidence. Choice B is incorrect. This

choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous sentence. Instead, it connects a cause from the

previous sentence (new evidence that tulip mania was not as disastrous as thought) to an effect (that we should look with skepticism upon the

myth about its disastrousness). Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence doesn’t disagree with the

previous sentence. Instead, it connects a cause from the previous sentence (new evidence that tulip mania was not as disastrous as thought) to

an effect (that we should look with skepticism upon the myth about its disastrousness).

Question ID: 17e49403

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

When, in the 1800s, geologists first realized that much of Earth had once been covered by great sheets of ice, some theorized that the

phenomenon was cyclical, occurring at regular intervals. Each Ice Age is so destructive, though, that it largely erases the geological evidence of

its predecessor. ______ geologists were unable to confirm the theory of cyclical Ice Ages until the 1960s.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Hence,

B. Moreover,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Next,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “Hence” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that geologists couldn’t confirm the theory of

cyclical Ice Ages until the 1960s—is a consequence of the previous information about the destructiveness of each Ice Age and the erasure of

necessary geological evidence.



Choice B is incorrect because “moreover” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is merely additional to the previous information

about the destructiveness of each Ice Age. Instead, the sentence identifies a specific consequence of that information. Choice C is incorrect

because “nevertheless” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is true despite the previous information about the destructiveness

of each Ice Age. Instead, the sentence identifies a specific consequence of that information. Choice D is incorrect because “next” illogically

signals that the information in this sentence is the next step in a process. Instead, the sentence identifies a specific consequence of the previous

information.

Question ID: edf30612

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

In the late twentieth century, scholars directed much discussion toward issues of spatiality. Adherents to quantitative analytical approaches

delineated space with the use of GIS spatial technologies; ______ cultural geographer Doreen Massey defined space as the product of “an ever-

shifting social geometry of power and signification,” focusing instead on socio-political forces.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. for example,

B. by contrast,

C. as such,

D. likewise,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "By contrast" logically signals that the information about how Massey defined space—by focusing on socio-political

forces—contrasts with the information in the previous clause, which discusses quantitative analytical approaches and spatial technologies.

Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence exemplifies the quantitative

analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about Massey’s socio-political focus presents a

contrasting approach. Choice C is incorrect because "as such" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence is a direct result

or logical consequence of the quantitative analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about Massey’s

socio-political focus presents a contrasting approach. Choice D is incorrect because "likewise" illogically signals that the information that follows

in the sentence is similar to the quantitative analytical approaches to defining space described previously. Instead, the information about

Massey’s socio-political focus presents a contrasting approach.

Question ID: 974b5a8c

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

The Madison is a type of line dance that involves neat rows of dancers performing a repeated sequence of steps in unison. ______ many other

dances are also defined by order, repetition, and synchronicity, but the Madison is distinguished by its extreme uniformity; when an auditorium

full of dancers performs the Madison, one almost gets the impression of a military march.



Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. However,

B. Of course,

C. Specifically,

D. Moreover,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "Of course" logically signals that the information that follows—about many dances being "defined by order,

repetition, and synchronicity"—acknowledges an obvious similarity between these dances and the previous description of the Madison. The

sentence then goes on to emphasize a distinguishing feature of the Madison.

Choice A is incorrect because "however" illogically signals that the information that follows contrasts with the previous description of the

Madison. Instead, the information about many dances’ features acknowledges an obvious similarity between these dances and the Madison. The

sentence then goes on to emphasize a distinguishing feature of the Madison. Choice C is incorrect because "specifically" illogically signals that

the information that follows specifies or elaborates on the previous description of the Madison. Instead, the information about many dances

’

features acknowledges an obvious similarity between these dances and the Madison. The sentence then goes on to emphasize a distinguishing

feature of the Madison. Choice D is incorrect because "moreover" illogically signals that the information that follows adds to or expands on the

previous description of the Madison. Instead, the information about many dances’ features acknowledges an obvious similarity between these

dances and the Madison. The sentence then goes on to emphasize a distinguishing feature of the Madison.

Question ID: b7571c0a

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

Practical movie effects, such as the use of actual locations in a film, provide a more realistic visual experience than computer-generated imagery

(CGI) does, but giving audiences the “real thing” can be prohibitively expensive. ______ many filmmakers use a blended approach, employing

practical effects whenever possible and CGI elements as necessary to control costs.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Similarly,

B. For this reason,

C. Furthermore,

D. In other words,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also more expensive than CGI. The second

sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism with cost. To connect these ideas, we need a cause-and-

effect transition, like “therefore.” “For this reason” has the same meaning as “therefore.”

.

Choice A is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also more expensive

than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism with cost. To connect these ideas, we

need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “Similarly” doesn’t show cause and effect: it shows the addition of another agreeing

idea.Choice C is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also more

expensive than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism with cost. To connect these

ideas, we need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “Furthermore” doesn’t show cause and effect: it shows the addition of another

agreeing idea.Choice D is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also

more expensive than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism with cost. To connect

these ideas, we need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “In other words” doesn’t show cause and effect: it shows a restatement of the

same idea in different words.



Question ID: 47e238be

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

Seismologists Kaiqing Yuan and Barbara Romanowicz have proposed that the magma fueling Iceland’s more than 30 active volcano systems

emerges from deep within Earth. The great depths involved—nearly 3,000 km—mark Iceland’s volcanoes as extreme outliers;

______ many of

Earth’s volcanoes are fed by shallow pockets of magma found less than 15 km below the surface.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. indeed,

B. nevertheless,

C. in addition,

D. consequently,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. The second part of the sentence says that many volcanoes use shallow pockets of magma. This is an elaboration of

the same underlying idea from the first part of the sentence, which says that the super deep magma of Icelandic volcanoes’ makes them outliers.

“

Indeed” is a transition used for elaborating on the same idea, so it fits the context perfectly.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But these two parts of the sentence agree with each other, so “nevertheless

”

doesn’t make sense. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of a new idea. But the second part of the

sentence isn’t adding a new idea: it’s elaborating on the same idea expressed in the first part of the sentence. Choice D is incorrect. This choice

uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The fact that Iceland’s deep-magma volcanoes are outliers doesn’t cause

many other volcanoes to get fed by shallow pockets of magma.

Question ID: 0c13dea9

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

The chemical trimethylamine N-oxide not only gives fish their fishy smell but also protects them from crushing hydrostatic pressure in deep

waters. Trimethylamine N-oxide strengthens the bonds between water molecules in a fish’s body. ______ these water molecules maintain their

linked structure at extreme depths, thus preventing pressure-related damage.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Nevertheless,

B. As a result,

C. However,

D. For instance,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “As a result” indicates that water molecules maintaining their linked structure at high pressures is caused by the

strengthening of these water molecules by trimethylamine N-oxide. So the transition “as a result” fits the context perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous one—rather, it’s describing

an effect of the phenomenon described in the previous sentence. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this

sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous one; it actually expands on the previous sentence by describing an effect of the strengthened

molecules. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses an exemplification transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The second sentence doesn’t

provide an example or instance of the idea in the previous sentence. Instead, it explores the effects of the previous idea in more depth.

Question ID: ad729337

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

With its clichéd imagery of suburban lawns and power lines, John Ashbery’s 2004 poem “Ignorance of the Law Is No Excuse” may seem barren

terrain for critical analysis. ______ cultural critic Lauren Berlant finds fertile ground in just its first two stanzas, devoting most of a book chapter to

deciphering the “weight of the default space” Ashbery creates in this poem.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Likewise,

B. Nonetheless,

C. In turn,

D. That is,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. “Nonetheless” is a transition that indicates disagreement. The first sentence describes the unlikelihood of finding

much for critical analysis in Ashbery’s poem (“barren terrain”), while the second sentence describes how Berlant did in fact find much to analyze

in Ashbery’s poem (“fertile ground”), so the transition “nonetheless” fits perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of a new but similar idea, which doesn’t make sense here. The idea

in this sentence directly contradicts the idea in the previous sentence. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition,

which doesn’t make sense in this context—a poem seemingly having little opportunity for critical analysis would not cause someone to write an

extensive critical analysis (in fact, we might expect the opposite). Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a

restatement of the same idea in other words. But the text isn’t restating the first idea here. Instead, it’s offering a contradiction to the idea

expressed in the first sentence.

Question ID: 0ee64efc

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

In the 1850s, William Still was instrumental in helping nearly 1,000 people escape from slavery, earning him the moniker “the Father of the

Underground Railroad.” ______ despite the fame of his contributions during his lifetime, Still is discussed far less today than other prominent

Black abolitionists from his era, such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman.



Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For example,

B. However,

C. Specifically,

D. Similarly,

Choice B is the best answer. "However" is used to indicate a contrast between two ideas. The first sentence describes how Still used to be

famous. This sentence describes how Still is not very famous today, so the transition "however" fits perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example. But the second sentence doesn’t provide a specific example of

Still’s famous contributions to the Underground Railroad. Instead, it changes the subject to how his fame has faded over time. Choice C is

incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example or continuation of a previous idea. But the second sentence doesn’t provide a

specific example of Still’s famous contributions to the Underground Railroad. Instead, it changes the subject to how his fame has faded over

time. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the agreement between two ideas. But this sentence shows a contrast

with the first sentence—namely, that Still used to be very famous but now isn’t very famous.

Question ID: 56336696

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

When using sumac for dyeing cloth, textile artists first soak it in water to release its color. Then, they add the cloth to the dyebath and simmer it

for hours, perhaps even days. ______ they will remove the cloth, at which point it will have turned a vibrant red color.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Nevertheless,

B. Likewise,

C. Eventually,

D. In other words,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. "Eventually" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that textile artists will remove the cloth when it

has turned red—is the final step in the chronological sequence of the dyeing process described in the previous sentences.

Choice A is incorrect because "nevertheless" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is true despite the previous information

about simmering the cloth in the dyebath. Instead, the removal of the cloth is the final step in the dyeing process. Choice B is incorrect because

"likewise" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is similar to the previous information about simmering the cloth in the dyebath.

Instead, the removal of the cloth is the final step in the dyeing process. Choice D is incorrect because "in other words" illogically signals that the

information in this sentence is a paraphrase or restatement of the previous information about simmering the cloth in the dyebath. Instead, the

removal of the cloth is the final step in the dyeing process.

Question ID: 63c73b50

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

In 2018, Kurt Luther and Vikram Mohanty created the web-based tool Civil War Photo Sleuth (CWPS). A user uploading an unknown Civil War

soldier’s photograph to CWPS first tags the photo with all known information. ______ CWPS’s facial-recognition software analyzes twenty-seven

different physical features and looks for matches to tagged images already in the database.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Then,



B. In fact,

C. Likewise,

D. For example,



Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. “Then” indicates that the events in this sentence took place after the events in the previous sentence. Only after

users upload images of unknown soldiers can those images be analyzed.

Choice B is incorrect. This transition is used to emphasize the truth of a statement that modifies the previous statement. But this sentence

doesn’t modify the step described in the previous statement: instead, it introduces an entirely new step in the process. So “in fact” wouldn’t make

sense here. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of a new but related idea, which doesn’t make sense

here. Analyzing the physical features in the uploaded photographs isn’t a similar idea, but rather the next step in the process. Choice D is

incorrect. This choice uses an exemplification transition, which doesn’t make sense here. Analyzing physical features is not an example of

uploading and tagging an image.

Question ID: 3831f2d7

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

Arkansas aviator Louise Thaden was already a record breaker when she won the inaugural National Women’s Air Derby, a race from California to

Ohio, in August of 1929. ______ in December of 1928, Thaden had set an aviation record when she reached an altitude of 20,269 feet in a Travel

Air biplane.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Earlier,

B. However,

C. Next,

D. As a result,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. This choice uses a transition that indicates a shift back in time. Since the first sentence talks about Thaden’s race

win in 1929 and the second shifts back to talking about her record in 1928, this makes the most sense here.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with and expands on the previous sentence

by describing the earlier record that Thaden had "already" held. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a shift forward

in time, which doesn’t make sense here. A record in 1928 didn’t come after Thaden’s race win in 1929. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a

cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense in this context—an event in 1929 can’t cause something in 1928.

Question ID: 2b5e0731

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

With darkness falling, a mother elephant loses sight of her calf and wants to make sure it is safe. ______ she releases an infrasonic call for the

calf to hear. Infrasonic sound is below the range of human hearing, but many animals can hear these sounds from several miles away.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. For example,

B. For this reason,

C. Nowadays,

D. Similarly,

Correct Answer: B

Rationale

Choice B is the best answer. "For this reason" is a cause-and-effect transition. The cause in this case is that the mother elephant wants to know

that her calf is safe, so the effect is that she lets out an infrasonic call for the calf to hear. Therefore, "for this reason" fits perfectly in this context.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example of a previous idea. But the second sentence doesn’t provide an

example of the events described in the first sentence. Instead, it describes what happens next: the mother elephant calls for her calf. Choice C is

incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a shift from the past to the current time, which doesn’t make sense here. Both sentences

use the present tense, as they’re describing the same time period. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates commonality

or agreement between two ideas. But this sentence isn’t similar to the events in the first sentence. Instead, it describes the events that happen

next.

Question ID: 1c36e3e1

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

The number of dark spots that appear on the Sun, known as sunspots, can vary greatly. For example, there were about 180 sunspots in

November 2001. ______ there were only about 2 sunspots in December 2008.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. In other words,

B. Similarly,

C. Therefore,

D. By comparison,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. The first sentence claims that the number of sunspots can vary greatly. To support this claim, the next two

sentences compare two examples: one time when there were 180 sunspots and one time when there were only 2 sunspots. So the transition “by

comparison” fits perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea, which doesn’t make sense here. This sentence

doesn’t restate the first example—it describes a totally different example. Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the

addition of a similar idea, which doesn’t make sense here. This sentence describes a second example that is very different from the first

example. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The first example didn’t result in

the second example.

Question ID: b5972710

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

Niger ratified the Outer Space Treaty, an international agreement with over 100 signing nations that acts as the foundation for the laws of space,

on February 1, 1967. Jordan, ______ has yet to officially ratify the treaty; it only signed it.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. in contrast,

B. specifically,

C. for example,

D. similarly,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. "In contrast" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that Jordan has yet to officially ratify the treaty

—

contrasts with the previous information about Niger having already ratified the treaty.

Choice B is incorrect because "specifically" illogically signals that the information in this sentence specifies or elaborates on the previous

information about Niger ratifying the treaty. Instead, the sentence changes subjects from Niger to Jordan, presenting contrasting information

about Jordan’s treaty status. Choice C is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information in this sentence exemplifies the

previous information about Niger ratifying the treaty. Instead, the sentence explains that Jordan has yet to ratify the treaty. Choice D is incorrect

because "similarly" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is similar to the previous information about Niger ratifying the treaty.

Instead, the sentence presents contrasting information that Jordan has yet to ratify the treaty.

Question ID: 7c3f0145

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

In a 2022 analysis of 200 terms, researchers found a broad pattern of valence-dependent mutation for which negative words saw a faster rate of

cognate replacement—______ the rate at which a word will be replaced over time with a noncognate form. Adjectives (e.g., “afraid”) saw the

largest effect; nouns (e.g., “attack”), meanwhile, saw the smallest.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. for example,

B. likewise,

C. in addition,

D. that is,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. "That is" logically signals that the information that follows in the sentence clarifies a term used in the previous

discussion of the researchers’ findings: cognate replacement.

Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence provides a specific example of

the research findings described earlier. Instead, it clarifies a term introduced earlier in the sentence. Choice B is incorrect because "likewise"

illogically signals that the information that follows in the sentence is similar to the previous information about the researchers’ findings. Instead,

it clarifies a term introduced earlier in the sentence. Choice C is incorrect because "in addition" illogically signals that the information that follows

in the sentence merely adds to the previous information about the researchers’ findings. Instead, it clarifies a term introduced earlier in the

sentence.

Question ID: ac8eb085

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

“

O2 Arena,” an award-winning science fiction story by Nigerian author Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki, takes place in an alternate version of

Nigeria where breathable air is a rare commodity that is owned and sold by companies. ______ people must purchase it with currency called O2

credits.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. As a result,

B. In any case,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Earlier,

Correct Answer: A

Rationale

Choice A is the best answer. The second sentence describes a consequence of the system laid out in the first sentence: because air is owned

and sold by companies in this world, people have to buy it.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that means “no matter what happens” or “whatever the situation is,” which doesn’t make

sense here. There’s only one situation described in the text: a fictional world in which companies own all the breathable air, forcing people to buy

it. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous sentence. They both

describe the same fictional situation. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a shift back in time, which doesn’t make

sense here. Both sentences use the present tense, as they’re describing the same fictional time period.

Question ID: 4154a7a3

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

In 1891, dancer and choreographer Loie Fuller first performed her celebrated Serpentine Dance, artfully twirling her long, flowing skirt to create

striking visual effects. ______ in 1896, cinema pioneers Auguste and Louis Lumière made a groundbreaking short film of Fuller’s dance.



Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. However,

B. In conclusion,

C. Later,

D. In other words,



Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. “Later” logically signals that the event discussed in this sentence—the creation of the short film featuring Fuller’s

dance—is a related event that occurred after the event discussed in the previous sentence (the 1891 debut of the dance).

Choice A is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the information in the previous

sentence. Instead, the creation of the short film is a related event that followed the event discussed in the previous sentence. Choice B is

incorrect because “in conclusion” illogically signals that the information in this sentence concludes or summarizes the information in the

previous sentence. Instead, the creation of the short film is a related event that followed the event discussed in the previous sentence. Choice D

is incorrect because “in other words” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a paraphrase or restatement of the information in

the previous sentence. Instead, the creation of the short film is a related event that followed the event discussed in the previous sentence.

Question ID: d3898d32

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

Riley Black—the author of critically acclaimed books such as

My Beloved Brontosaurus

(2013)—is best known for writing about dinosaurs, but she

has also conducted hands-on fieldwork. ______ her fieldwork has included paleontological digs in Utah, Montana, and Wyoming, and her dinosaur

fossil discoveries can be seen at places such as the Carnegie Museum of Natural History.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Regardless,



B. Subsequently,

C. Specifically,



D. Conversely,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. The second sentence provides more specific information about the fieldwork mentioned in the first sentence—that

the paleontological digs took place in Utah, Montana, and Wyoming. Therefore, “specifically” fits perfectly in this context.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous sentence. Rather, this

sentence agrees with and elaborates on the last sentence by providing more specifics about the fieldwork Black does. Choice B is incorrect. This

choice uses a transition that indicates that an event took place after another event. But the two sentences are not describing different events

—

instead, this sentence gives more details about the fieldwork discussed in the first sentence. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a

disagreement transition. But this sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous sentence. Rather, this sentence agrees with and elaborates on the

last sentence by providing more specifics about the fieldwork Black does.

Question ID: ecb31049

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Hard

Question

The Sun and other stars are powered by nuclear fusion reactions, in which two atoms collide to form a single heavier atom, releasing energy.

Scientists have long believed that fusion has the potential to meet humanity’s clean energy needs. ______ prior to December 2022, no fusion

reaction in a laboratory setting had ever generated a net energy gain.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. For this reason,

B. Moreover,

C. Specifically,

D. That said,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. Scientists believe in fusion’s potential as an energy source, but have struggled to actually make it work—in other

words, there is a contradiction between scientists’ beliefs and their reality. “That said” is a disagreement transition that works perfectly in this

context.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. Scientists not being able to generate extra

energy from lab fusion reactions isn’t an effect of them believing in fusion’s potential. Choice B is incorrect. This transition indicates the addition

of another supporting point. But this sentence is not adding a supporting point to the previous sentence—scientists not being able to

successfully generate energy from fusion isn’t another point in favor of fusion meeting humanity’s clean energy needs. Choice C is incorrect. This

choice uses a transition that introduces or elaborates on a particular example. But this sentence doesn’t give an example of scientists’ belief in

fusion’s potential to meet humanity’s clean energy needs—in fact, it contrasts that optimistic belief with the reality of past failures to successfully

employ fusion for energy production.

Question ID: eea351c4

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

“

Wishcycling”—putting nonrecyclable items into recycling bins under the mistaken belief that those items can be recycled—ultimately does more

harm than good. Nonrecyclable items, such as greasy pizza boxes, can contaminate recyclable materials, rendering entire batches unusable.

______ nonrecyclable products can damage recycling plants’ machinery.



Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. Fittingly,



B. On the contrary,

C. Moreover,

D. Nevertheless,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. The first sentence tells us that “wishcycling” is harmful, the previous sentence gives us an example, and this

sentence gives us another example. So “moreover”—a transition that indicates the addition of another supporting point—fits perfectly here.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that means “appropriately” or “suitably,” which doesn’t make sense in context. This sentence

adds another example of how “wishcycling” is harmful, so we’re looking for an addition transition. Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a

disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with the previous sentence. Both provide examples of how “wishcycling” is harmful.

Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with the previous sentence. Both provide

examples of how “wishcycling” is harmful.

Question ID: 39d1a519

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Medium

Question

To discover which fruit varieties were grown in Italy’s Umbria region before the introduction of industrial farming, botanist Isabella Dalla Ragione

often turns to centuries-old lists of cooking ingredients. ______ she analyzes Renaissance paintings of Umbria, as they can provide accurate

representations of fruits that were grown there long ago.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. In sum,

B. Instead,

C. Thus,

D. Additionally,

Correct Answer: D

Rationale

Choice D is the best answer. “Additionally” logically signals that the painting analysis discussed in this sentence is an additional part of the

botany research discussed in the previous sentence. That is, to research which fruits Umbrians grew in the past, the botanist analyzes old

paintings in addition to looking at old lists of ingredients.



Choice A is incorrect because “in sum” illogically signals that the painting analysis discussed in this sentence is a concluding summary of the

botany research discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, the painting analysis is an additional part of that research. Choice B is incorrect

because “instead” illogically signals that the painting analysis discussed in this sentence is an alternative to the botany research discussed in the

previous sentence. Rather, the painting analysis is an additional part of that research. Choice C is incorrect because “thus” illogically signals that

the painting analysis discussed in this sentence is a result of the botany research discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, the painting

analysis is an additional part of that research.

Question ID: 420dea42

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions Easy

Question

A blend of gabardine and wool, the material for Elvis Presley’s Gold Vine jumpsuit was flexible enough to allow the singer to perform his

signature dance moves. ______ the added weight of the suit’s swirling vines made of gold rhinestones likely limited Elvis’s mobility to some

degree.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Answer

A. For this reason,

B. Firstly,

C. However,

D. In other words,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale

Choice C is the best answer. "However" logically signals that the claim in this sentence—that the weight of the gold rhinestones likely limited

Elvis’s mobility—contrasts with the previous information about the material being flexible enough for Elvis’s dance moves.

Choice A is incorrect because "for this reason" illogically signals that the claim in this sentence is caused by the previous information about the

material being flexible enough for Elvis’s dance moves. Instead, the claim that the weight of the suit’s rhinestones limited movement contrasts

with the previous information about the jumpsuit’s flexibility. Choice B is incorrect because "firstly" illogically signals that the claim in this

sentence is the first in a series of claims about the jumpsuit being flexible enough for Elvis’s dance moves. Instead, the claim that the weight of

the suit’s rhinestones limited movement contrasts with the previous information about the jumpsuit’s flexibility. Choice D is incorrect because "in

other words" illogically signals that the claim in this sentence is a paraphrase or restatement of the previous information about the material

being flexible enough for Elvis’s dance moves. Instead, the claim that the weight of the suit’s rhinestones limited movement contrasts with the

previous information about the jumpsuit’s flexibility.