Criterion is the next generation of dedicated precast gel systems. The innovative, easy-to-use design
produces superior resolution while allowing you to run more samples per gel. Compared to any other precast
gel system, Criterion produces more results while providing significant cost and time savings. Some of the
unique features and benefits provided are:
• 12 month shelf life for Bis-Tris gels
• 8 month shelf life for Tris-acetate gels
• Room temperature storage for Bis-Tris gels
• Easy sample preparation without extra anti-oxidant addition steps
• Patented integral buffer chamber that eliminates buffer leaks
• Up to 26 sample capacity per gel
• Flexibility to run one or two gels
• Multichannel pipet compatible gels
• Outlined and numbered wells that simplify sample loading
• J-foot that improves gel drying and blotting results
US Patents #5,073,246, #5,656,145, #6,093,301 and other patents issued and pending.
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1.2Criterion XT Precast Gels
Criterion XT precast gels are formulated at pH near neutrality to optimize gel matrix stability, significantly
delaying acrylamide hydrolysis, which occurs in traditional Laemmli systems. Specially optimized buffers
result in tight, consistently resolved bands throughout the life of the gel.
This versatile system allows the separation of small to large proteins using just two gel buffer systems:
Criterion XT Bis-Tris precast gels for small to mid-sized proteins and Criterion XT Tris-acetate precast gels for
large proteins.
The Criterion XT Bis-Tris gels are based on a Bis-Tris.HCl buffer system (pH 6.4) that uses discontinuous
chloride and MES or MOPS ion fronts to form moving boundaries to stack and then separate denatured
proteins by size. The chemistry of the XT Bis-Tris gels allows maximum stability and consistent results for a
minimum of one year. Running the same XT Bis-Tris gels with the XT MES denaturing running buffer or the XT
MOPS denaturing running buffer will produce different migration patterns. A combination of these two running
buffers and our three XT Bis-Tris gels can produce up to six different migration patterns in the small and midsize range.
The Criterion XT Tris-acetate gels are based on a Tris-acetate buffer system (pH 7.0). It uses discontinuous
acetate and Tricine ion fronts to form moving boundaries to stack and then separate large denatured proteins
by molecular weight. The Criterion XT Tris-acetate gels can also be used to separate proteins by their chargeto-mass ratio (under native-PAGE conditions). This is possible because the XT Tris-acetate gels are made
without SDS, allowing the sample buffer and running buffer to dictate the separation mechanism. The
nonreducing and nondenaturing environment of native PAGE allows the detection of biological activity and
can improve antibody detection. Native PAGE can also be used to resolve multi-protein bands where
molecular mass separation by SDS-PAGE would reveal only one and for the separation of intact protein
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complexes. Separation by native PAGE with XT Tris-acetate gels uses discontinuous acetate and glycine
ion fronts to form moving boundaries to stack and separate proteins by both size and charge.
Protein samples for the Criterion XT precast gel system are prepared in a reducing denaturing sample buffer.
The sample buffer contains XT reducing agent, a pH neutralized and stabilized solution of TCEP as the
reducing agent; heat and SDS are used to denature the proteins. In addition, the use of TCEP in combination
with Bio-Rad’s optimized running buffers maintains proteins in a fully reduced state during the electrophoresis
run, eliminating the need for an anti-oxidant in the upper buffer chamber. Criterion XT Tris-acetate precast
gels can also be used for native PAGE. Proteins are prepared in a nonreducing, nondenaturing sample buffer,
which maintains the proteins’ native structure and charge density.
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1.3Criterion System Specifications
Gel materialPolyacrylamide
Gel dimensions (W x L)13.3 x 8.7 cm
Gel thickness1.0 mm
Resolving gel height6.5 cm
Cassette dimensions (W x L)15.0 x 10.6 cm
Cassette materialStyrene copolymer
Comb materialPolycarbonate
Storage tray materialPET
Upper running buffer volume60 ml
Lower running buffer volume800 ml
Storage conditionsBis-Tris gels: Store flat at ambient temperature; DO NOT FREEZE
Tris-acetate gels: Store flat at 4°C; DO NOT FREEZE
Gel shelf life12 months for Bis-Tris gels; 8 months for Tris-acetate gels
1.4 Criterion XT Comb Configurations
CombLoad VolumeComments
12+2 well45 µl with two 15 µl reference wellsMultichannel pipet compatible
18-well30 µl
26-well15 µl Multichannel pipet compatible
Prep+2 well800 µl with two 15 µl reference wells
IPG11 cm ReadyStrip
IPG+1 well11 cm ReadyStrip IPG strip with one 15 µl reference well
IPG strip
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Section 2
Setup and Basic Operation
2.1Setting Up and Running Criterion XT Gels
1. Each Criterion XT gel is packaged individually in a plastic storage tray. Remove the cover by gently pulling
the corner tab up and diagonally across the package. Remove the gel from the package.
2. Remove the comb and gently rinse the wells with ddH
2
O or running buffer.
3. Remove the tape from the bottom of the cassette by pulling the
tab across the gel.
4. Insert the Criterion XT gel into one of the slots in the Criterion cell
tank. Ensure that each integral buffer chamber faces the center of
the cell.
5. Fill each integral buffer chamber with 60 ml running buffer.
6. Load samples using a Hamilton syringe or a pipet with gel loading
tips. A sample loading guide can be placed on the outer edge of
the cassette to aid in aligning pipet tips with the wells. This is
especially useful with multichannel pipets.
7. Fill each half of the lower buffer tank with 400 ml of running buffer
to the marked fill line.
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8. Place the lid on the tank, aligning the color-coded banana plugs and jacks. See section 3.6 for power
conditions.
2.2Opening Criterion XT Cassettes and
Removing the Gels
1. After electrophoresis is complete, turn off the power supply
and disconnect the electrical leads.
2. Remove the lid from the tank and remove the Criterion XT
gel(s) from the cell. Pour off and discard the upper running
buffer.
3. Invert the cassette and place the integral buffer chamber over
the cassette-opening tool built into the Criterion cell lid.
4. Firmly press down on the cassette to crack the cassette welds
on both sides of the cassette. The cassette will split open
approximately 1/3 of the way.
5. Alternatively, the gel cassette can be opened by sliding the
tapered back of the comb into the slits on either side of the
cassette.
6. Pull the two halves of the cassette apart to completely expose
the gel.
7. Remove the gel by either floating the gel into a fixing or staining
solution or by carefully lifting the gel from the cassette.
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Section 3
SDS-PAGE and Native PAGE
3.1Criterion XT Gel Selection Guide
Criterion XT gels are available in a wide selection of single acrylamide percentages and gradients for the
separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE or native PAGE.
Optimal Separation
Bis-Tris GelsWith XT MES Running Buffer With XT MOPS Running Buffer
*Because Criterion XT Tris-acetate gels are made without SDS, they can be used to separate proteins by both SDS-PAGE and native PAGE.
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Criterion XT Protein Migration Chart
250
150
100
250
150
100
75
50
37
25
20
15
10
10%12%4–12%10%12%4–12%7%3–8%
Bis-Tris gels with
XT MES running buffer:
ideal for
SMALL proteins
250
150
75
100
50
37
25
20
15
10
75
50
37
25
20
15
10
250
150
100
250
150
100
75
50
37
25
20
Bis-Tris gels with
XT MOPS running buffer:
ideal for
MID-SIZE proteins
250
150
75
100
50
37
25
20
15
10
75
50
37
25
20
15
250
150
100
Tris-acetate gels with
XT Tricine running buffer:
250
150
75
100
50
37
LARGE proteins
75
50
37
ideal for
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3.2Bis-Tris Gel Composition
Gel bufferBis-Tris.HCl, pH 6.4
Cross linker5% C
Stacking gel4% T, 5% C
Storage bufferBis-Tris.HCl, pH 6.4
Shelf life12 months; individual expiration date is printed on each cassette; store flat at ambient temperature
3.3Tris-Acetate Gel Composition
Gel bufferTris-acetate, pH 7.0
Cross linker3.8% C
Stacking gel4% T, 3.8% C
Storage bufferTris-acetate, pH 7.0
Shelf life8 months; individual expiration date is printed on each cassette, store flat at 4°C
3.4Criterion XT Buffers and Reagents
Bis-Tris running buffer20x XT MOPS (dilute to 1x)orXT MES (dilute to 1x)
for SDS-PAGEFor separation of mid-size proteinsFor separation of small proteins
Catalog #161-0788Catalog #161-0789
Tris-acetate running buffer20x XT Tricine (dilute to 1x)
for SDS-PAGEFor separation of large proteins
Catalog #161-0790
Tris-acetate running buffer10x Tris-Glycine (dilute to 1x)
for Native-PAGECatalog #161-0732
XT sample buffer Catalog #161-0791
XT reducing agent Catalog #161-0792
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3.5Sample Preparation
Determine the appropriate protein concentration of your sample based on the detection method and load
volume used. (See section 4.1 for approximate stain sensitivities.) XT sample buffer is a 4x concentrate and
can be used with both dilute and concentrated samples. Refer to the sample preparation guide below:
Final current60–70 mA/gel 90–110 mA/gel 85–95 mA/gel25–35 mA/gel
Bis-TrisBis-TrisTris-AcetateTris-Acetate
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Section 4
2-D Electrophoresis
4.1 Equilibration
Use existing equilibration protocols as described in the ReadyPrep 2-D Starter Kit (catalog #163-2105 or
bulletin 411009) or existing protocols and buffers used for Tris-HCl gels.
4.2 Agarose Overlay
Make a solution of 0.6% low melt agarose and 0.002% Bromophenol blue. To make 10 ml of the agarose
overlay, mix 9.5 ml of the above agarose with 0.5 ml of 20x XT Running Buffer. Use the XT Running Buffer that
will be used to run the second dimension gel.
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Section 5
Staining and Detection
5.1SDS-PAGE and Native PAGE Detection
Total Protein Gel Stain
MethodSensitivityOptimal Protein LoadAdvantagesDisadvantages
Coomassie Blue R-25036–47 ng~0.5 µg/bandLaboratory standardRequires MeOH
™
Bio-Safe
stainno MeOHCoomassie R-250
Zinc stain6–12 ng~0.2 µg/band High-contrast, fast, Negative stain, must
Silver Stain Plus
Silver stain 0.6–1.2 ng~0.01 µg/band Stains complexNot mass
SYPRO Orange protein4–8 ng~0.2 µg/bandWill not stain nucleicOptimization required
stainacids; mass for maximum
SYPRO Ruby protein1–10 ng~0.2 µg/bandBroad dynamic range,Requires imaging
gel stainsimple robust protocolinstrument for
Coomassie8–28 ng~0.5 µg/bandNonhazardous, usesMore steps than
reversible stainbe photographed;
™
kit0.6–1.2 ng~0.01 µg/band Simple, robust, massWill not stain
spectrometry compatibleglycoproteins
proteins: i.e., glycoproteinsspectrometry
and lipoproteinscompatible
spectrometry compatiblesensitivity
SDS-PAGE only
maximum sensitivity
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Total Protein Blot Stain
MethodSensitivityOptimal Protein LoadAdvantagesDisadvantages
SYPRO Ruby protein 2–8 ng~0.2 µg/bandCompatible with massMultiple-step protocol;
blot stainspectrometry, Edman-based Requires imaging
sequencing, and standardinstrument for
immunological proceduresmaximum sensitivity
Colloidal gold stain1 ng~0.1 µg/bandSensitive, one stepNot compatible with
Criterion XT gels are blotted using the same buffers and protocols used to blot Tris-HCl and other
polyacrylamide gels. Please refer to the Criterion blotter instruction manual (bulletin 4006190) for detailed
instructions on how to blot gels. Tris/Glycine (Towbin) transfer buffer is recommended for western transfer of
the Criterion XT pre-cast gels.
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Section 7
Troubleshooting
Improper storage of Criterion XT gels can produce numerous artifacts. Criterion XT Bis-Tris gels should be
stored flat at ambient temperature. Criterion XT Tris-acetate gels should be stored flat at 4°C. Avoid freezing. If
you suspect your gels have been stored improperly, DO NOT USE THEM.
ProblemPossible CauseSolution
Samples do not migrate into gelTape at the bottom of the cassetteRemove tape
Bands “smile” across gel, band patternExcess heating of gelCheck buffer composition
curves upward at both sides of the gel
Skewed or distorted bands, lateral Excess salt in samplesRemove salts from sample by dialysis or
band spreadingdesalting column prior to sample
not removed
Insufficient buffer in integral buffer chamberFill integral buffer chamber with 60 ml
running buffer
Insufficient lower electrode bufferFill both halves of the lower buffer tank with
400 ml running buffer when running two gels
Electrical disconnectionCheck electrodes and connections
Completely fill both halves of the lower buffer
tank with 400 ml running buffer when running
two gels
Do not exceed recommended running
conditions
preparation
Insufficient sample buffer Check buffer composition and dilution
or wrong formulationinstructions
161-0788 XT MOPS Running Buffer, 20x, 500 ml
161-0789 XT MES Running Buffer, 20x, 500 ml
161-0790 XT Tricine Running Buffer, 20x, 500 ml
161-0791 XT Sample buffer, 4x, 10 ml
161-0792XT Reducing Agent, 20x, 1 ml
161-0793XT MOPS Buffer Kit, includes 500 ml 20x XT MOPS running buffer, 10 ml 4x XT sample buffer, 1 ml 20x XT reducing agent
161-0796XT MES Buffer Kit, includes 500 ml 20x XT MOPS running buffer, 10 ml 4x XT sample buffer, 1 ml 20 x XT reducing agent
161-0797XT Tricine Buffer Kit, includes 500 ml 20x XT MOPS running buffer, 10 ml 4x XT sample buffer, 1 ml 20x XT reducing agent
8.3 Other Related Products
161-0738Native Sample Buffer, 30 ml
161-073410x Tris/Glycine, 1 L
161-0404Bromophenol Blue, 10 g
161-0311Certified Low-Melt Agarose, 25 g
163-2107ReadyPrep 2-D Starter Kit Equilibration Buffer I, with DTT
163-2108ReadyPrep 2-D Starter Kit Equilibration Buffer II, with DTT
345-9920Criterion Staining/Blotting Trays, 12
345-9901Criterion Empty Cassettes, 1.0 mm with 12+2 comb, 10
345-9902Criterion Empty Cassettes, 1.0 mm with 18-well comb, 10
345-9903Criterion Empty Cassettes, 1.0 mm with 26-well comb, 10
345-9904Criterion Empty Cassettes, 1.0 mm with prep+2 comb, 10
345-9905Criterion Empty Cassettes, 1.0 mm with IPG comb, 10
161-0436Coomassie Blue R-250 Stain Solution, 1 L170-3127SYPRO Ruby Protein Blot Stain, 200 ml
161-0438Coomassie Blue R-250 Destain Solution, 1 L170-6527Colloidal Gold Total Protein Stain, 500 ml
161-0400Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250, 10 g170-6517Enhanced Colloidal Gold Detection Kit
161-0786Bio-Safe Coomassie Stain, 1 L161-0402Amido Black 10B, 25 g
161-0440Zinc Stain and Destain Kit
161-0449Silver Stain Plus Kit
161-0443Bio-Rad Silver Stain Kit
170-3120SYPRO Orange Protein Stain, 500 µl
170-3125SYPRO Ruby Protein Gel Stain, 1 L
161-0434IEF Gel Staining Solution, 1 L
Immunoblot Detection
170-6431HRP Conjugate Substrate Kit, 4CN
170-6535HRP Color Development Reagent, DAB
170-8238Amplified Opti-4CN Kit
170-8235Opti-4CN Substrate Kit
170-6432BCIP/NBT AP Conjugate Substrate Kit
170-6412Amplified Alkaline Phosphatase Kit
170-5012Immun-Star™ Substrate Pack
170-5040Immun-Star HRP Substrate, 500 ml
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22
8.8 Blotting Membranes
162-0175Immun-Blot PVDF Membrane, 10 x 15 cm, 10 sheets
162-02320.2 µm Nitrocellulose/Filter Paper Sandwich, 8.5 x 13.5 cm, 20 pack
162-02330.2 µm Nitrocellulose/Filter Paper Sandwich, 8.5 x 13.5 cm, 50 pack
162-02340.45 µm Nitrocellulose/Filter Paper Sandwich, 8.5 x 13.5 cm, 20 pack
162-02350.45 µm Nitrocellulose/Filter Paper Sandwich, 8.5 x 13.5 cm, 50 pack
162-0236Sequi-Blot
™
PVDF/Filter Paper Sandwich, 8.5 x 13.5 cm, 20 pack
162-0237Sequi-Blot PVDF/Filter Paper Sandwich, 8.5 x 13.5 cm, 50 pack
8.9 Equipment
165-6001Criterion Cell, includes tank, lid with power cables, three sample loading guides
170-4070Criterion Blotter With Plate Electrodes
170-4071Criterion Blotter With Wire Electrodes
Coomassie is a trademark of Imperial Chemical Industries PLC. SYPRO is a trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc. Bio-Rad is licensed to sell
SYPRO products for research use only, under US patent 5,616,502.
Page 26
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