2. Definitions
Alloy: A metallic material, homogeneous on a macroscopic scale, consisting of two
ormore elements so combined that they cannot be readily separated by mechanical
means.
Apple Policy: Apple restrictions that go beyond regulatory requirements, based on
best industry practices or toxicological properties.
CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service registry numbers that identify unique substances.
Chemical Safety Disclosure (CSD): Initiative that requires suppliers to provide
information on the chemicals used in Apple manufacturing processes, to report
practices in place to ensure compliance with occupational health and safety
regulations and Apple requirements, and to support initiatives to advance the
adoption of safer, environmentally preferable alternatives. See Section 12 for details.
Coating: Product in liquid, paste, or powder form that, when applied to a substrate,
forms a layer possessing protective, decorative, and/or other specific properties.
Metallic plating layers are exempted from coating requirements.
Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF): Process by which packaging material is produced
with pulp that has been bleached using a chlorine derivative such as chlorine dioxide
(ClO2), but without the use of elemental chlorine (Cl).
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs): Chemicals that can interfere with the
endocrine (hormone) system to cause possible adverse effects in humans and wildlife.
External Materials: Materials that are accessible to a customer under reasonable or
foreseeable use.
Final assembly: Manufacturing process involving assembly of a product that is then
directly sold to Apple customers, retail stores, or distribution channels.
Full Material Disclosure (FMD): Initiative that requires suppliers to provide the entire
chemical composition of the parts and materials used in Apple products to ensure
compliance to regulatory requirements, corporate initiatives, and to support assessment
of the impact to human and environmental health. See Section 11 for details.
Homogeneous material: One material of uniform composition throughout or
a material, consisting of a combination of materials, that cannot be disjointed,
disaggregated, or separated into different materials by mechanical actions such
as unscrewing, cutting, crushing, grinding, and abrasive processes. The definition
is consistent with Directive 2011/65/EU on the Restriction of the Use of Certain
Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS 2). Per this
document, the following examples illustrate what is and is not a homogeneous material:
• A plastic cover is a homogeneous material if it consists of one type of plastic that is
not coated with other materials, or has other materials attached to it.
• A cable that consists of metal wires surrounded by nonmetallic insulation materials isn’t
a homogeneous material because mechanical processes could separate the different
materials. In this case, restrictions apply to each of the separated materials individually.
• A semiconductor package contains many homogeneous materials that include the
mold compound, die attach adhesive, die coatings, bonding wires, lead frame, and
lead frame platings. Restrictions apply to each individual homogeneous material.
• Printed circuit board laminated materials consist of glass cloth, resins, and copper
foil that are each a homogeneous material. Restrictions apply to each individual
homogeneous material.
Intentionally added: Substance deliberately used in the formulation of a material
or component, where the presence of the substance in the final product provides a
specific characteristic, appearance, or quality.
Mixture: Solutions composed of two or more substances in which they do not react.
Nanomaterials: A natural, incidental, or manufactured material containing particles,
in an unbound state or as an aggregate or as an agglomerate; and where, for
50 percent or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or more external
dimensions are in the 1 nm–100 nm size range. In addition, fullerenes, graphene
flakes, and single-wall carbon nanotubes with one or more external dimensions below
1 nm should be considered as nanomaterials.