Texas instruments TI-92 PLUS, TI-89 Developer Guide
TI-89 / TI-92 Plus Developer Guide
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The latest version of this Guide, along with all other up-to-date information for
developers, is available at www.ti.com/calc/developers/.
© 2000, 2001 Texas Instruments Incorporated
,
TI-GRAPH LINK, and TI
Sierra C is a trademark of Sierra Systems.
FLASH
Studio are trademarks of Texas Instruments Incorporated.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ..............................................................................................1
1.1. Purpose of this Guide...........................................................................................1
1.2. Chapter Layout.....................................................................................................1
1.3. Conventions Used in this Guide...........................................................................3
2. The 68000 TI AMS Operating System Overview......................................5
3. The TI-89 / TI-92 Plus Hardware Overview..............................................7
3.1. Overview..............................................................................................................7
3.2. Memory Map........................................................................................................8
3.2.1. Vector Table...........................................................................................................9
i
3.3. ASIC registers....................................................................................................11
4. User Interface Overview.........................................................................15
4.1. Windows.............................................................................................................15
4.2. Menus ................................................................................................................16
4.2.1. Toolbars................................................................................................................17
4.2.2. Pop-ups................................................................................................................17
4.2.2.1. Static Pop-ups.........................................................................................17
4.2.2.2. Dynamic Pop-ups....................................................................................18
4.2.2.3. Dynamic Pop-ups with Menu Features....................................................18
4.3. Dialog Boxes......................................................................................................18
4.4. Fonts..................................................................................................................19
4.5. The Status Line..................................................................................................22
5. Flash Applications vs. ASM Programs...................................................23
6. Assembly Language Programming Overview ........................................25
6.1. What are ASM Programs? .................................................................................25
6.2. Hardware Stack..................................................................................................25
6.3. Register Usage ..................................................................................................25
6.4. Calling Flash-ROM-Resident Routines ..............................................................26
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6.5. Subroutine Linkage............................................................................................27
6.6. Sample ASM Program .......................................................................................29
7. Flash Application Layout........................................................................31
7.1. File Format.........................................................................................................31
7.1.1. Flash Header........................................................................................................31
7.1.2. Certificate Header.................................................................................................32
7.1.3. Application Header...............................................................................................33
7.1.3.1. Magic Number.........................................................................................33
7.1.3.2. Internal Application Name .......................................................................33
7.1.3.3. Flags........................................................................................................34
7.1.3.4. Length of Data Segment..........................................................................34
7.1.3.5. Byte Offset to Code Segment..................................................................34
7.1.3.6. Byte Offset to Initial Data Table...............................................................34
7.1.3.7. Length of Initial Data Table......................................................................35
7.1.3.8. Optional Header ......................................................................................35
7.1.4. Relocation Map.....................................................................................................35
7.1.5. Application Code ..................................................................................................35
7.1.6. Initial Data Table...................................................................................................35
7.1.7. Signature..............................................................................................................36
7.2. Layout in Memory...............................................................................................36
7.3. Source Layout....................................................................................................38
7.3.1. Interactive Applications.........................................................................................38
7.3.1.1. FRAME....................................................................................................39
7.3.1.2. Pointer to FRAME....................................................................................40
7.3.1.3. Object Frame Attributes...........................................................................40
7.3.1.3.1. Attribute OO_APP_FLAGS (0x1).........................................................40
7.3.1.3.2. Attribute OO_APP_NAME (0x2)..........................................................41
7.3.1.3.3. Attribute OO_APP_TOK_NAME (0x3).................................................41
7.3.1.3.4. Method OO_APP_PROCESS_EVENT (0x4)......................................41
7.3.1.3.5. Attribute OO_APP_DEFAULT_MENU (0x5) .......................................42
7.3.1.3.6. Attribute OO_APP_DEFAULT_MENU_HANDLE (0x6).......................42
7.3.1.3.7. Attribute OO_APP_EXT_COUNT (0x7)...............................................42
7.3.1.3.8. Attribute OO_APP_EXTENSIONS (0x8).............................................42
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7.3.1.3.9. Attribute OO_APP_EXT_ENTRIES (0x9)............................................42
7.3.1.3.10. Method OO_APP_LOCALIZE (0xA)..................................................43
7.3.1.3.11. Method OO_APP_UNLOCALIZE (0xB).............................................43
7.3.1.3.12. Method OO_APP_CAN_DELETE (0xC)............................................43
7.3.1.3.13. Method OO_APP_CAN_MOVE (0xD)...............................................43
7.3.1.3.14. Method OO_APP_VIEWER (0xE).....................................................44
7.3.1.3.15. Attribute OO_APP_ICON (0xF).........................................................44
7.3.1.3.16. Method OO_APP_EXT_HELP (0x10) ...............................................44
7.3.1.3.17. Method OO_APP_NOTICE_INSTALL (0x11)....................................44
7.3.1.3.18. Method OO_APP_ABOUT (0x12) .....................................................44
7.3.1.3.19. Attribute OO_APPSTRING (0x1000 and up).....................................45
7.3.1.4. Example...................................................................................................45
7.3.2. TI-BASIC Extensions............................................................................................48
7.3.3. Shared-Code Library............................................................................................51
iii
7.3.3.1. Creating the Library Interface..................................................................51
7.3.3.2. Accessing a Library.................................................................................53
7.3.3.3. Frame Description Language..................................................................53
7.3.4. Language Localization..........................................................................................56
7.3.4.1. Localizer Template..................................................................................56
7.3.4.2. How Localization Works ..........................................................................60
8. Integrating a Flash Application...............................................................63
8.1. Mode Settings....................................................................................................63
8.1.1. Mode Notification Flags........................................................................................63
8.1.1.1. Modifying Mode Settings Within an App..................................................64
8.1.1.2. MO_option Array and Settings ................................................................64
8.2. Switching to the Home Screen...........................................................................66
8.3. Catalog...............................................................................................................67
8.3.1. Built-in Functions and Commands........................................................................67
8.3.2. User-Defined Functions and Programs................................................................67
8.3.3. Flash App Extensions...........................................................................................69
8.4. Interfacing with TI-BASIC...................................................................................70
8.5. Verifying the OS Version....................................................................................74
8.6. Optimizing Code Space .....................................................................................75
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8.7. VAR-LINK...........................................................................................................76
9. Application Control Flow.........................................................................77
9.1. Event-Driven Architecture ..................................................................................77
9.2. Event Structure Layout.......................................................................................78
9.3. Commands.........................................................................................................79
9.4. Starting and Stopping an Application.................................................................84
9.5. Keyboard Events................................................................................................85
9.6. Menu Processing ...............................................................................................85
9.6.1. Static Menus.........................................................................................................86
9.6.2. Dynamic Menus....................................................................................................87
9.7. Paint Events.......................................................................................................88
9.8. Background Events............................................................................................88
9.9. Default Event Handler........................................................................................88
9.9.1. CM_KEY_PRESS.................................................................................................88
9.9.2. CM_PASTE_STRING...........................................................................................91
9.9.3. CM_PASTE_HANDLE..........................................................................................92
9.9.4. CM_STO...............................................................................................................92
9.9.5. CM_RCL...............................................................................................................92
9.9.6. CM_DEACTIVATE ...............................................................................................92
9.9.7. CM_ACTIVATE ....................................................................................................92
9.10. Installing, Moving, and Deleting an Application................................................92
10. Error Handling......................................................................................95
10.1. Throwing an Error..........................................................................................95
10.2. Delayed Error Messages ...............................................................................95
10.3. Throwing Your Own Errors ............................................................................96
10.4. Catching Errors..............................................................................................97
10.5. Cleaning Up...................................................................................................97
10.6. Caveats..........................................................................................................98
10.6.1. Jumping Out of TRY Blocks..........................................................................98
10.6.2. Referencing Auto Variables in ONERR/FINALLY Blocks..............................99
10.6.3. Where Not to Throw Errors ...........................................................................99
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11. Creating the User Interface................................................................101
11.1. Common Screen Components.....................................................................101
11.1.1. Screen/Window Regions and Coordinates..................................................101
11.1.2. BITMAP.......................................................................................................102
11.1.3. ICON ...........................................................................................................102
11.2. Windows ......................................................................................................102
11.2.1. Window Regions and Coordinates..............................................................103
11.2.2. Window Routines ........................................................................................104
11.3. Menus..........................................................................................................105
11.3.1. Menu-Draw Structure..................................................................................106
11.3.2. Menu IDs.....................................................................................................106
11.3.3. Menu Routines............................................................................................106
11.4. Dialog Boxes................................................................................................108
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11.4.1. Dialog Routines...........................................................................................108
11.4.2. Dialog Fields................................................................................................109
11.4.2.1. Field Index ...............................................................................................109
11.4.2.2. DYNPOPUP.............................................................................................109
11.4.2.3. EDIT_FIELD.............................................................................................109
11.4.2.4. HEADER..................................................................................................110
11.4.2.5. HEDIT......................................................................................................110
11.4.2.6. HPOPUP..................................................................................................110
11.4.2.7. MENU ......................................................................................................110
11.4.2.8. POPUP ....................................................................................................111
11.4.2.9. SCROLL_REGION ..................................................................................111
11.4.2.10. TEXT......................................................................................................112
11.4.2.11. XFLAGS.................................................................................................112
11.4.3. Dialog Flags ................................................................................................113
11.4.4. Dialog Call-Backs........................................................................................114
11.5. Resource Compiler......................................................................................115
11.5.1. DIALOG Boxes............................................................................................117
11.5.2. MENUs........................................................................................................118
11.5.3. POPUPs......................................................................................................119
11.6. Example.......................................................................................................120
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11.6.1. Files in Example and Explanation of Details...............................................123
12. Basic Text Editing Facility ..................................................................127
12.1. How to Edit Text...........................................................................................127
12.2. Simple Text Edit Example............................................................................128
12.3. Clipboard .....................................................................................................129
13. Memory Management ........................................................................131
13.1. The Heap (Dynamic RAM Storage).............................................................131
13.2. File System..................................................................................................132
13.2.1. Opening Multiple Files for WRITE Mode.....................................................133
13.3. Managing Variables.....................................................................................134
13.3.1. Normal Symbol Routines.............................................................................136
13.3.2. Storing and Retrieving Variable Data..........................................................137
13.3.2.1. Store and Recall Look-up Paths..............................................................138
13.3.2.2. Recall Look-up Path.................................................................................138
13.3.2.3. Store Look-up Path..................................................................................139
13.3.2.4. HSYM VarRecall (BYTE *
13.3.2.5. HSYM VarStore (BYTE *
WORD
13.3.2.6. General Data Storage..............................................................................142
13.3.2.7. System Functions ....................................................................................143
SourceSize
[,
parm1
, RECALL_FLAGS
Var
] [,
, WORD
parm2
DestVar
] [,
)..........................139
Flags
,
Flags
] . . . )..........................141
parm3
13.3.3. Low-Level Routines.....................................................................................143
13.3.3.1. Utilities .....................................................................................................144
13.3.3.2. Low-Level Folder Routines......................................................................144
13.3.3.3. Low-Level Symbol Routines ....................................................................144
14. Data Types.........................................................................................145
14.1. Expression...................................................................................................147
14.1.1. Non-Negative or Negative Integers.............................................................147
14.1.2. Positive or Negative Fractions.....................................................................147
14.1.3. Floating-Point Numbers...............................................................................148
14.1.4. All Other Tags Not Listed Here ...................................................................148
14.2. List ...............................................................................................................148
14.3. Matrix...........................................................................................................149
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14.4. Data Variable...............................................................................................150
14.5. Text Variable................................................................................................151
14.6. String Variable .............................................................................................151
14.7. Graph Database ..........................................................................................152
14.8. Bitmap PIC Images......................................................................................156
14.9. Tokenized Programs and Functions............................................................157
14.10. Programs and Functions in Text Format ...................................................159
14.11. Third Party Data.........................................................................................160
14.12. Assembly Program.....................................................................................160
15. Expressions and the Expression Stack..............................................161
15.1. Overview......................................................................................................161
15.2. Contiguous Tokenized Polish Representation.............................................161
15.2.1. Tags ............................................................................................................162
15.2.2. Numbers......................................................................................................163
15.2.3. Variables, Units and Physical Constants.....................................................165
15.2.4. Other Constants..........................................................................................166
15.2.5. One-argument Tags....................................................................................167
15.2.6. Two-argument Tags....................................................................................167
15.2.7. Tags That Take More Than Two or a Variable Number of Arguments ......168
15.2.8. Lists and Matrices .......................................................................................169
15.2.9. Primary, Secondary, and Command Tags..................................................169
15.2.10. User and Application Defined Functions and Programs............................170
15.3. External Versus Internal Tokenized Polish..................................................170
15.4. Most Main Ordering and Internal Representations of
Exponentiation, Multiplication, and Addition ................................................172
15.5. The Expression Stack..................................................................................174
15.6. An Example of Working on the EStack........................................................175
15.6.1. Estack Arguments and Results...................................................................176
15.6.2. Estack Calculations.....................................................................................177
15.7. Working With Lists.......................................................................................178
16. Working with Numbers.......................................................................181
16.1. Overview......................................................................................................181
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16.2. Rational System vs. Float System...............................................................181
16.3. EXACT/APPROX/AUTO Modes..................................................................182
16.4. Floating Point Numbers ...............................................................................183
16.5. Rational Numbers........................................................................................185
16.6. EStack Arithmetic.........................................................................................185
16.7. Complex Numbers.......................................................................................186
17. Graphing ............................................................................................189
17.1. The Graph Screen .......................................................................................189
17.2. Working with the Graph Application.............................................................190
17.3. Two Graph Mode.........................................................................................192
17.4. Graphing Functions .....................................................................................193
17.5. Graph Application Memory Usage...............................................................194
17.6. Available Graph System Routines and Global Variables.............................195
18. TI FLASH Studio (IDE) Overview.......................................................199
18.1. Introduction..................................................................................................199
18.2. Development System...................................................................................199
18.2.1. Requirements..............................................................................................199
18.2.2. Installation...................................................................................................200
18.2.3. Compiler/Assembler/Linker.........................................................................201
18.2.4. Simulator/Debugger ....................................................................................201
18.2.5. IDE Overview ..............................................................................................201
18.2.6. Uninstalling..................................................................................................203
18.2.7. Support........................................................................................................203
18.2.8. References..................................................................................................203
18.3. TI FLASH Studio Interface...........................................................................204
18.3.1. File Menu.....................................................................................................205
18.3.2. Edit Menu....................................................................................................206
18.3.3. View Menu...................................................................................................207
18.3.4. Project Menu...............................................................................................211
18.3.5. Debug Menu................................................................................................212
18.3.6. Simulator Menu...........................................................................................214
18.3.7. Link Menu....................................................................................................215
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18.3.8. Window Menu..............................................................................................215
18.3.9. Help Menu...................................................................................................216
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18.4. Example.......................................................................................................216
18.4.1. Creating a Flash Studio Project...................................................................216
18.4.2. Building the Application...............................................................................217
18.4.3. Loading the Application into the Simulator..................................................217
18.4.4. Debugging the Application ..........................................................................217
18.4.5. Terminating TI FLASH Studio .....................................................................217
18.4.6. Preparing the Application for Site Testing...................................................218
18.4.6.1. Educational and Professional Developers...............................................218
18.4.7. Preparing for Public Release.......................................................................219
Glossary...................................................................................................221
Appendix A: System Routines..................................................................225
Algebra Utilities .......................................................................................................227
are_expressions_identical............................................................................................231
compare_expressions ..................................................................................................232
did_push_lincf...............................................................................................................234
factor_base_index........................................................................................................235
factor_exponent_index.................................................................................................236
has_different_variable..................................................................................................237
im_index.......................................................................................................................238
index_if_pushed_binomial_info....................................................................................239
index_if_pushed_qquad_info........................................................................................240
index_numeric_term.....................................................................................................242
index_of_lead_base_of_lead_term ..............................................................................244
index_reductum_with_tag_base...................................................................................245
index_rmng_factor........................................................................................................246
index_rmng_fctrs_start_base.......................................................................................247
index_rmng_fctrs_start_base_tag................................................................................248
index_rmng_fctrs_start_fctr_tag...................................................................................249
is_free_of_tag...............................................................................................................250
is_independent_of........................................................................................................251
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is_independent_of_tail..................................................................................................252
is_polynomial_in_var_or_kern......................................................................................255
is_tail_independent_of..................................................................................................256
is_term_improper..........................................................................................................257
is_totally_polynomial ....................................................................................................258
lead_base_index ..........................................................................................................259
lead_factor_index.........................................................................................................260
lead_term_index...........................................................................................................262
linear_degree................................................................................................................264
main_gen_var_index....................................................................................................265
map_unary_over_comparison......................................................................................266
next_var_or_kernel_index............................................................................................267
numeric_factor_index...................................................................................................268
push_but_factor............................................................................................................270
push_but_term..............................................................................................................271
push_constant_factors .................................................................................................272
push_denominator........................................................................................................273
push_dependent_factors..............................................................................................274
push_dependent_terms................................................................................................275
push_desolve ...............................................................................................................276
push_div_dif_1c............................................................................................................277
push_div_dif_1f ............................................................................................................278
push_independent_factors...........................................................................................279
push_independent_terms.............................................................................................280
push_integer_gcd.........................................................................................................281
push_integer_lcm.........................................................................................................282
push_nonconstant_factors ...........................................................................................283
push_nonconstant_terms.............................................................................................284
push_nonnumeric_factors............................................................................................285
push_numerator ...........................................................................................................286
push_percent................................................................................................................287
push_poly_deg_in_var_or_kernel ................................................................................288
push_subst_no_simp....................................................................................................289
push_substitute_simplify ..............................................................................................290
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push_substitute_using_such_that................................................................................291
push_var_kern_tail.......................................................................................................292
re_index........................................................................................................................293
reductum_index............................................................................................................294
remaining_factors_index ..............................................................................................296
replace_top2_with_imre ...............................................................................................298
Apps........................................................................................................................299
EV_getAppID................................................................................................................301
EV_quit.........................................................................................................................302
OO_appGetPublicStorage............................................................................................303
OO_appIsMarkedDelete...............................................................................................304
OO_appMarkDelete......................................................................................................305
OO_AppNameToACB ..................................................................................................306
OO_appSetPublicStorage............................................................................................307
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OO_CondGetAttr..........................................................................................................309
OO_Deref.....................................................................................................................310
OO_Destroy..................................................................................................................311
OO_DestroyAll..............................................................................................................312
OO_GetAppAttr............................................................................................................313
OO_GetAttr...................................................................................................................314
OO_HasAttr..................................................................................................................315
OO_InstallAppHook......................................................................................................316
OO_InstallAppHookByName........................................................................................318
OO_InstallSystemHook................................................................................................320
OO_New.......................................................................................................................322
OO_NextACB...............................................................................................................323
OO_PrevACB...............................................................................................................324
OO_SetAppAttr.............................................................................................................325
OO_SetAttr...................................................................................................................326
OO_UninstallAppHook .................................................................................................327
OO_UninstallAppHookByName....................................................................................328
OO_UninstallSystemHook............................................................................................329
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Certificates..............................................................................................................331
freeIdList.......................................................................................................................333
LIO_SendIdList.............................................................................................................334
Data Utilities............................................................................................................335
DataTypeNames...........................................................................................................337
gen_version..................................................................................................................338
GetDataType................................................................................................................339
GetFuncPrgmBodyPtr ..................................................................................................340
QSysProtected .............................................................................................................341
SmapTypeStrings.........................................................................................................342
Dialog......................................................................................................................343
Dialog ...........................................................................................................................345
DialogAdd.....................................................................................................................347
DialogDo.......................................................................................................................349
DialogNew....................................................................................................................350
DlgMessage..................................................................................................................353
DrawStaticButton..........................................................................................................354
ERD_dismissNotice......................................................................................................356
ERD_notice ..................................................................................................................357
VarNew.........................................................................................................................358
VarOpen.......................................................................................................................360
VarSaveAs....................................................................................................................362
Direct Floating Point Operations .............................................................................363
acos..............................................................................................................................367
acosh............................................................................................................................368
asin...............................................................................................................................369
asinh.............................................................................................................................370
atan...............................................................................................................................371
atan2.............................................................................................................................372
atanh.............................................................................................................................373
bcdadd..........................................................................................................................374
bcdbcd..........................................................................................................................375
bcdcmp.........................................................................................................................376
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bcddiv...........................................................................................................................377
bcdlong.........................................................................................................................378
bcdmul..........................................................................................................................379
bcdneg..........................................................................................................................380
bcdsub..........................................................................................................................381
cacos............................................................................................................................382
cacosh..........................................................................................................................383
casin.............................................................................................................................384
casinh...........................................................................................................................385
catan.............................................................................................................................386
catanh...........................................................................................................................387
ccos..............................................................................................................................388
ccosh............................................................................................................................389
ceil................................................................................................................................390
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cexp..............................................................................................................................391
ck_valid_float................................................................................................................392
cln.................................................................................................................................393
clog10...........................................................................................................................394
cos................................................................................................................................395
cosh..............................................................................................................................396
csin...............................................................................................................................397
csinh.............................................................................................................................398
csqrt..............................................................................................................................399
ctan...............................................................................................................................400
ctanh.............................................................................................................................401
estack_number_to_Float..............................................................................................402
estack_to_float .............................................................................................................403
exp................................................................................................................................404
fabs...............................................................................................................................405
floor...............................................................................................................................406
fmod..............................................................................................................................407
frexp10..........................................................................................................................408
is_float_infinity..............................................................................................................409
is_float_negative_zero..................................................................................................410
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is_float_positive_zero...................................................................................................411
is_float_signed_infinity .................................................................................................412
is_float_transfinite.........................................................................................................413
is_float_unsigned_inf_or_nan.......................................................................................414
is_float_unsigned_zero.................................................................................................415
is_nan...........................................................................................................................416
log.................................................................................................................................417
log10.............................................................................................................................418
modf..............................................................................................................................419
pow...............................................................................................................................420
push_Float....................................................................................................................421
push_Float_to_nonneg_int...........................................................................................422
round12 ........................................................................................................................423
round12_err..................................................................................................................424
round14 ........................................................................................................................426
sin.................................................................................................................................427
sinh...............................................................................................................................428
sqrt................................................................................................................................429
tan.................................................................................................................................430
tanh...............................................................................................................................431
Display ....................................................................................................................433
ClientToScr...................................................................................................................435
display_statements.......................................................................................................436
DrawStrWidth ...............................................................................................................437
DrawStrWidthP.............................................................................................................438
Parms2D.......................................................................................................................439
Parse1DExpr................................................................................................................440
Parse2DExpr................................................................................................................442
Parse2DMultiExpr.........................................................................................................443
Print2DExpr..................................................................................................................444
sf_width ........................................................................................................................445
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Error Handling.........................................................................................................447
clear_error_context.......................................................................................................449
ER_catch......................................................................................................................450
ER_success..................................................................................................................451
ER_throwFrame ...........................................................................................................452
ER_throwVar................................................................................................................454
ERD_dialog ..................................................................................................................455
find_error_message......................................................................................................456
EStack Arithmetic....................................................................................................457
add_to_top....................................................................................................................461
add1_to_top..................................................................................................................462
can_be_approxed.........................................................................................................463
compare_complex_magnitudes....................................................................................465
compare_Floats............................................................................................................466
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compare_numbers........................................................................................................467
did_push_cnvrt_Float_to_integer.................................................................................468
divide_top.....................................................................................................................469
get_lb............................................................................................................................470
get_ub...........................................................................................................................471
integer_non_unknown..................................................................................................472
is_cFloat_agg...............................................................................................................473
is_complex_Float..........................................................................................................475
is_complex0..................................................................................................................476
is_complex_number .....................................................................................................477
is_constant ...................................................................................................................478
is_Float_exact_whole_number.....................................................................................479
is_minus1 .....................................................................................................................480
is_pos_int_and_eq_quantum .......................................................................................481
is_reciprocal_of_quantum ............................................................................................482
is_whole_number .........................................................................................................483
is0.................................................................................................................................484
is1.................................................................................................................................485
negate_top....................................................................................................................486
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Table of Contents
push_arg_minus_1.......................................................................................................487
push_arg_plus_1..........................................................................................................488
push_difference............................................................................................................489
push_gcd_numbers......................................................................................................490
push_is_prime..............................................................................................................491
push_minus_recip_of_quantum ...................................................................................492
push_negate.................................................................................................................493
push_negate_quantum_as_negint...............................................................................494
push_pi.........................................................................................................................495
push_pi_on_quantum...................................................................................................496
push_product................................................................................................................497
push_quantum_as_nonnegative_int.............................................................................498
push_quantum_pair_as_pos_frac................................................................................499
push_ratio.....................................................................................................................500
push_reciprocal............................................................................................................501
push_reciprocal_of_quantum.......................................................................................502
push_sum.....................................................................................................................503
push0............................................................................................................................504
push1............................................................................................................................505
replace_top_with_reciprocal.........................................................................................506
replace_top2_with_difference.......................................................................................507
replace_top2_with_prod...............................................................................................508
replace_top2_with_ratio ...............................................................................................509
replace_top2_with_sum................................................................................................510
subtract_from_top.........................................................................................................511
subtract1_from_top.......................................................................................................512
times_top......................................................................................................................513
EStack Utilities ........................................................................................................515
check_estack_size .......................................................................................................517
delete_between............................................................................................................518
delete_expression ........................................................................................................519
deleted_between..........................................................................................................520
deleted_expression ......................................................................................................521
TI-89 / TI-92 Plus Developer Guide
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Table of Contents
estack_to_short............................................................................................................522
estack_to_ushort..........................................................................................................523
GetValue.......................................................................................................................524
move_between_to_top.................................................................................................525
moved_between_to_top...............................................................................................526
next_expression_index.................................................................................................527
push_between..............................................................................................................528
push_expression ..........................................................................................................529
push_Float_to_rat.........................................................................................................530
push_long_to_integer...................................................................................................531
push_quantum..............................................................................................................532
push_ulong_to_integer.................................................................................................533
push_ushort_to_integer................................................................................................534
reset_estack_size.........................................................................................................535
xvii
Expression Evaluation / Algebraic Simplification.....................................................537
ForceFloat ....................................................................................................................539
NG_approxESI .............................................................................................................540
NG_execute..................................................................................................................541
NG_rationalESI.............................................................................................................542
push_approx.................................................................................................................543
push_equals.................................................................................................................544
push_greater_than .......................................................................................................545
push_greater_than_or_equals......................................................................................546
push_internal_simplify..................................................................................................547
push_less_than ............................................................................................................548
push_less_than_or_equals...........................................................................................549
push_not_equals..........................................................................................................550
push_simplify................................................................................................................551
push_simplify_statements............................................................................................552
replace_top_with_post_simplified.................................................................................553
Files.........................................................................................................................555
FAccess........................................................................................................................557
FClose..........................................................................................................................558
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Table of Contents
FCreate.........................................................................................................................559
FDelete.........................................................................................................................560
FEof..............................................................................................................................561
FFindFirst .....................................................................................................................562
FFindNext.....................................................................................................................563
FGetC...........................................................................................................................564
FGetPos .......................................................................................................................565
FGetSize.......................................................................................................................566
FOpen...........................................................................................................................567
FPutC ...........................................................................................................................570
FRead...........................................................................................................................571
FSetBufSize..................................................................................................................572
FSetPos........................................................................................................................573
FSetSize.......................................................................................................................574
FSetVer ........................................................................................................................575
FStatus.........................................................................................................................576
FType ...........................................................................................................................577
FWrite...........................................................................................................................578
TokenizeName .............................................................................................................579
Graphing .................................................................................................................581
CkValidDelta.................................................................................................................583
cmd_clrdraw.................................................................................................................584
cmd_clrgraph................................................................................................................585
cmd_rclgdb...................................................................................................................586
cmd_stogdb..................................................................................................................587
CptDeltax......................................................................................................................588
CptDeltay......................................................................................................................589
CptFuncX......................................................................................................................590
CptIndep.......................................................................................................................591
EQU_select ..................................................................................................................593
EQU_setStyle...............................................................................................................594
FindFunc.......................................................................................................................595
FindGrFunc...................................................................................................................596
TI-89 / TI-92 Plus Developer Guide
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Table of Contents
gr_CptIndepInc.............................................................................................................597
gr_delete_fldpic............................................................................................................599
gr_DispLabels...............................................................................................................600
gr_xres_pixel................................................................................................................601
GraphActivate...............................................................................................................602
GrAxes..........................................................................................................................606
GrClipLine.....................................................................................................................607
GrLineFlt.......................................................................................................................609
GT_Regraph.................................................................................................................610
GT_Regraph_if_neccy..................................................................................................611
StepCk..........................................................................................................................612
XCvtFtoP......................................................................................................................613
XCvtPtoF......................................................................................................................614
YCvtFtoP......................................................................................................................615
xix
YCvtPtoF......................................................................................................................616
Home Screen..........................................................................................................617
cmd_clrhome................................................................................................................619
cmd_disphome.............................................................................................................620
HomeAlone...................................................................................................................621
HomeExecute...............................................................................................................622
HS_getAns ...................................................................................................................623
HS_getEntry.................................................................................................................624
HS_popEStack.............................................................................................................625
Interrupts.................................................................................................................627
idle................................................................................................................................629
off..................................................................................................................................631
OSSetSR......................................................................................................................632
Keyboard.................................................................................................................633
alphaLockOff ................................................................................................................635
alphaLockOn ................................................................................................................636
GetAlphaStatus ............................................................................................................637
GKeyFlush....................................................................................................................638
GKeyIn..........................................................................................................................639
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Table of Contents
kbhit..............................................................................................................................641
KeyYesOrNo.................................................................................................................642
ngetchx.........................................................................................................................643
OSCheckBreak.............................................................................................................644
OSClearBreak ..............................................................................................................645
OSDisableBreak...........................................................................................................646
OSEnableBreak............................................................................................................647
OSInitBetweenKeyDelay..............................................................................................648
OSInitKeyInitDelay .......................................................................................................649
push_getkey.................................................................................................................650
pushkey........................................................................................................................651
QModeKey....................................................................................................................652
QSysKey.......................................................................................................................653
restoreAlphaLock..........................................................................................................654
Link..........................................................................................................................655
BatTooLowFlash...........................................................................................................657
LIO_RecvData..............................................................................................................658
LIO_SendData..............................................................................................................659
OSCheckLinkOpen.......................................................................................................660
OSLinkClose.................................................................................................................661
OSLinkOpen.................................................................................................................662
OSLinkReset ................................................................................................................663
Lists and Matrices...................................................................................................665
all_tail ...........................................................................................................................669
any_tail.........................................................................................................................670
cmd_sorta.....................................................................................................................671
cmd_sortd.....................................................................................................................672
did_map_aggregate_arg ..............................................................................................673
is_matrix.......................................................................................................................674
is_square_matrix..........................................................................................................675
last_element_index.......................................................................................................676
map_tail........................................................................................................................677
push_augment..............................................................................................................678
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Table of Contents
push_coldim .................................................................................................................679
push_colnorm...............................................................................................................680
push_cross_product.....................................................................................................681
push_cumsum..............................................................................................................682
push_determinant.........................................................................................................683
push_diag.....................................................................................................................684
push_dimension ...........................................................................................................685
push_dot_add...............................................................................................................686
push_dot_div................................................................................................................687
push_dot_mult..............................................................................................................688
push_dot_sub...............................................................................................................689
push_dotproduct...........................................................................................................690
push_eigvc ...................................................................................................................691
push_eigvl ....................................................................................................................692
xxi
push_identity_mat ........................................................................................................693
push_list_to_mat ..........................................................................................................694
push_mat_to_list ..........................................................................................................695
push_matnorm..............................................................................................................696
push_mean...................................................................................................................697
push_median................................................................................................................698
push_mrow...................................................................................................................700
push_mrowadd.............................................................................................................702
push_newlist.................................................................................................................703
push_newmat...............................................................................................................704
push_prodlist................................................................................................................705
push_randmat...............................................................................................................706
push_red_row_ech.......................................................................................................707
push_reversed_tail.......................................................................................................708
push_row_echelon .......................................................................................................709
push_rowadd................................................................................................................710
push_rowdim................................................................................................................711
push_rownorm..............................................................................................................712
push_rowswap..............................................................................................................713
push_sign.....................................................................................................................714
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push_stddev.................................................................................................................715
push_submat................................................................................................................716
push_sumlist.................................................................................................................718
push_transpose_aux....................................................................................................719
push_unitv....................................................................................................................721
push_variance..............................................................................................................722
remaining_element_count............................................................................................723
Table of Contents
Logic........................................................................................................................725
and_onto_top................................................................................................................727
is_equivalent_to............................................................................................................728
is_negative ...................................................................................................................729
is_never0......................................................................................................................730
is_nonnegative .............................................................................................................731
is_nonpositive...............................................................................................................732
is_positive.....................................................................................................................733
is_real...........................................................................................................................734
is_undefined.................................................................................................................735
lead_conjunct_factor_index..........................................................................................736
lead_disjunct_term_index.............................................................................................737
or_onto_top ..................................................................................................................738
push_and......................................................................................................................739
push_but_conjunct_factor ............................................................................................740
push_not.......................................................................................................................741
push_or.........................................................................................................................742
push_when...................................................................................................................743
remaining_conjuncts_index..........................................................................................744
remaining_disjuncts_index...........................................................................................745
replace_top2_with_and ................................................................................................746
replace_top2_with_or...................................................................................................747
Math........................................................................................................................749
are_units_consistent.....................................................................................................755
did_push_anti_deriv .....................................................................................................756
did_push_approx_inflection_point................................................................................757
TI-89 / TI-92 Plus Developer Guide
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Table of Contents
did_push_series ...........................................................................................................758
push_1st_derivative......................................................................................................760
push_abs......................................................................................................................761
push_acos....................................................................................................................762
push_acosh..................................................................................................................763
push_asin.....................................................................................................................764
push_asinh...................................................................................................................765
push_atan.....................................................................................................................766
push_atanh...................................................................................................................767
push_ceiling..................................................................................................................768
push_comb...................................................................................................................769
push_comdenom..........................................................................................................770
push_conj.....................................................................................................................771
push_constant_terms...................................................................................................772
xxiii
push_cos......................................................................................................................773
push_cosh....................................................................................................................774
push_def_int.................................................................................................................775
push_degrees...............................................................................................................776
push_dot_exponentiate................................................................................................777
push_exp......................................................................................................................778
push_expand................................................................................................................779
push_exponentiate.......................................................................................................780
push_extended_prod....................................................................................................781
push_factor...................................................................................................................782
push_factorial...............................................................................................................784
push_floor.....................................................................................................................785
push_fractional_part.....................................................................................................786
push_gcd_then_cofactors ............................................................................................787
push_im........................................................................................................................788
push_integer_part.........................................................................................................789
push_integer_quotient..................................................................................................790
push_integer_remainder...............................................................................................791
push_left.......................................................................................................................792
push_lim.......................................................................................................................794
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Table of Contents
push_ln.........................................................................................................................795
push_log10...................................................................................................................796
push_make_proper.......................................................................................................797
push_max.....................................................................................................................798
push_max1...................................................................................................................799
push_max2...................................................................................................................800
push_mid......................................................................................................................801
push_min......................................................................................................................803
push_min1....................................................................................................................804
push_min2....................................................................................................................805
push_mod.....................................................................................................................806
push_next_arb_int........................................................................................................807
push_next_arb_real......................................................................................................808
push_nint......................................................................................................................809
push_nth_derivative .....................................................................................................810
push_perm....................................................................................................................811
push_phase..................................................................................................................812
push_poly_qr................................................................................................................813
push_r_cis....................................................................................................................814
push_rand.....................................................................................................................815
push_radians................................................................................................................816
push_randpoly..............................................................................................................817
push_re.........................................................................................................................818
push_rec_to_angle.......................................................................................................819
push_right.....................................................................................................................820
push_rotate...................................................................................................................822
push_round...................................................................................................................824
push_sequence............................................................................................................825
push_shift.....................................................................................................................827
push_simult ..................................................................................................................829
push_sin.......................................................................................................................831
push_sin2.....................................................................................................................832
push_sinh.....................................................................................................................833
push_sqrt......................................................................................................................834
TI-89 / TI-92 Plus Developer Guide
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Table of Contents
push_square.................................................................................................................835
push_standardize.........................................................................................................836
push_summation..........................................................................................................837
push_tan.......................................................................................................................838
push_tanh.....................................................................................................................839
push_trig.......................................................................................................................840
raise_to_top..................................................................................................................841
replace_top2_with_pow................................................................................................842
Memory Management.............................................................................................843
HeapAlloc.....................................................................................................................845
HeapAllocHigh..............................................................................................................846
HeapAllocHighThrow....................................................................................................847
HeapAllocThrow...........................................................................................................848
HeapAvail.....................................................................................................................849
xxv
HeapCompress.............................................................................................................850
HeapDeref....................................................................................................................851
HeapFree......................................................................................................................852
HeapFreeIndir...............................................................................................................853
HeapGetLock................................................................................................................854
HeapLock .....................................................................................................................855
HeapMax......................................................................................................................856
HeapMoveHigh.............................................................................................................857
HeapPtrToHandle.........................................................................................................858
HeapRealloc.................................................................................................................859
HeapShuffle..................................................................................................................860
HeapSize......................................................................................................................861
HeapUnlock..................................................................................................................862
HeapWalk.....................................................................................................................863
HLock ...........................................................................................................................865
memcpy........................................................................................................................866
memmove.....................................................................................................................867
memset.........................................................................................................................868
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Table of Contents
Menus .....................................................................................................................869
DynMenuAdd................................................................................................................871
DynMenuChange..........................................................................................................873
FKeyI_H........................................................................................................................874
MenuAddIcon ...............................................................................................................875
MenuAddText...............................................................................................................876
MenuBegin ...................................................................................................................878
MenuCheck ..................................................................................................................880
MenuEnd......................................................................................................................881
MenuFlags....................................................................................................................882
MenuGetTopRedef.......................................................................................................883
MenuItemDef................................................................................................................884
MenuKey ......................................................................................................................885
MenuLoad.....................................................................................................................886
MenuNew .....................................................................................................................888
MenuOff........................................................................................................................890
MenuOn........................................................................................................................891
MenuPopup..................................................................................................................892
MenuSubStat................................................................................................................893
MenuTopRedef.............................................................................................................894
MenuTopSelect ............................................................................................................897
MenuTopStat................................................................................................................898
PopupAddText..............................................................................................................899
PopupBegin..................................................................................................................900
PopupBeginDo .............................................................................................................902
PopupClear...................................................................................................................903
PopupDo.......................................................................................................................904
PopupNew....................................................................................................................905
PopupText....................................................................................................................906
QMenuTopSelect..........................................................................................................907
Mode Screen Settings............................................................................................909
MO_currentOptions......................................................................................................911
MO_digestOptions........................................................................................................912
TI-89 / TI-92 Plus Developer Guide
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Table of Contents
Operating System ...................................................................................................913
EV_captureEvents........................................................................................................915
EV_defaultHandler .......................................................................................................918
EV_getc........................................................................................................................920
EV_restorePainting.......................................................................................................921
EV_sendEvent..............................................................................................................922
EV_setCmdCheck........................................................................................................923
EV_setCmdState..........................................................................................................924
EV_setFKeyState.........................................................................................................925
EV_startApp .................................................................................................................926
EV_suspendPainting....................................................................................................927
EV_switch.....................................................................................................................928
EX_getBasecodeParmBlock ........................................................................................929
FL_getHardwareParmBlock .........................................................................................930
xxvii
handleRclKey ...............................................................................................................932
handleVarLinkKey ........................................................................................................933
LOC_formatDate ..........................................................................................................934
LOC_getLocalDateFormat............................................................................................935
LOC_localVersionDate.................................................................................................936
Program I/O Screen................................................................................................937
cmd_clrio......................................................................................................................939
cmd_disp......................................................................................................................940
Solver......................................................................................................................941
push_csolve..................................................................................................................943
push_czeros.................................................................................................................944
push_nSolve.................................................................................................................945
push_solve ...................................................................................................................946
push_zeros...................................................................................................................947
Statistics..................................................................................................................949
cmd_showstat...............................................................................................................951
push_randnorm ............................................................................................................952
QstatRcl........................................................................................................................953
statEnd .........................................................................................................................954
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statFree ........................................................................................................................955
statStart........................................................................................................................956
Table of Contents
Status Line..............................................................................................................959
ST_angle......................................................................................................................961
ST_busy .......................................................................................................................962
ST_eraseHelp...............................................................................................................963
ST_folder......................................................................................................................964
ST_helpMsg .................................................................................................................965
ST_progressBar ...........................................................................................................966
ST_progressDismiss ....................................................................................................967
ST_progressIncrement.................................................................................................968
ST_progressUpdate .....................................................................................................969
ST_readOnly ................................................................................................................970
Strings.....................................................................................................................971
cmpstri..........................................................................................................................973
FirstNonblank ...............................................................................................................974
hStrAppend...................................................................................................................975
memchr.........................................................................................................................976
memcmp.......................................................................................................................977
memucmp.....................................................................................................................978
push_char.....................................................................................................................979
push_instring................................................................................................................980
push_ord.......................................................................................................................981
push_str_to_expr..........................................................................................................982
push_string...................................................................................................................984
push_zstr......................................................................................................................985
sprintf............................................................................................................................986
strcat.............................................................................................................................989
strchr.............................................................................................................................990
strcmp...........................................................................................................................991
strcpy............................................................................................................................992
strcspn..........................................................................................................................993
stricmp..........................................................................................................................994
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