Texas Instruments TI-84+SE, TI-84 Plus User Manual

TI-84 Plus

TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

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Important Information

Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party.

USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference with radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, you can try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.

Caution: Any changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by Texas Instruments may void your authority to operate the equipment.

iii

About the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition is the same as the TI-84 Plus except:

• it has more memory, and thus more spaces for graphing handheld software applications (Apps).

• it has interchangeable faceplates that let you customize the appearance of your TI-84 Plus Silver Edition.

Since all the functions of the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition and the TI-84 Plus are the same, this guidebook can be used for either the TI-84 Plus or the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition.

The CD included with your TI-84 Plus / TI-84 Plus Silver Edition package also includes an electronic guidebook, which is a complete reference manual for the TI-84 Plus / TI-84 Plus Silver Edition. If the CD is not available, you can download a copy of the electronic guidebook from the Texas Instruments web page at:

education.ti.com/guides

The TI-84 Plus / TI-84 Plus Silver Edition has some graphing handheld software applications (Apps) preinstalled. For information about these Apps, see the electronic documentation files on the Texas Instrument web page at:

education.ti.com/guides

About this book

This guidebook gives a quick overview of each topic, along with keystroke instructions for easy examples. All examples assume that the TI-84 Plus is using default settings. For complete information on any topic, see the electronic guidebook on the CD that came with your graphing handheld.

1 Getting Started..................................................................1

TI-84 Plus keys................................................................................. 1

Turning the TI-84 Plus on and off.................................................. 2

Home screen ................................................................................... 2

y and ƒ keys ........................................................................ 3

‘ and y 5 ....................................................................... 4

Entering an expression................................................................... 4

Interchangeable Faceplates........................................................... 5

Using the Clock............................................................................... 6

TI-84 Plus menus ............................................................................. 8

Editing and deleting .................................................................... 11

Using ¹ and Ì............................................................................. 13

Using parentheses ........................................................................ 14

Storing a value.............................................................................. 15

Graphing a function..................................................................... 17

Changing mode settings.............................................................. 18

Setting the graphing window ..................................................... 21

Using q ................................................................................... 23

Building a table ............................................................................ 23

Using the CATALOG...................................................................... 25

Performing simple calculations ................................................... 26

Using the equation solver............................................................ 28

Entering data into lists................................................................. 30

Plotting data................................................................................. 32

Calculating a linear regression .................................................... 35

Calculating statistical variables.................................................... 36

Using the MATRIX Editor ............................................................. 37

Grouping....................................................................................... 39

Ungrouping .................................................................................. 41

Error messages.............................................................................. 42

Resetting defaults ........................................................................ 43

Installing applications .................................................................. 44

Running applications ................................................................... 45

Quick reference ........................................................................... 46

Battery precautions ...................................................................... 46

2 Activities ..........................................................................47

The Quadratic Formula ................................................................ 47

Box with Lid .................................................................................. 50

Comparing Test Results Using Box Plots...................................... 57

Graphing Piecewise Functions..................................................... 59

Graphing Inequalities................................................................... 60

Solving a System of Nonlinear Equations....................................62

Using a Program to Create the Sierpinski Triangle.....................63

Graphing Cobweb Attractors.......................................................64

Using a Program to Guess the Coefficients.................................65

Graphing the Unit Circle and Trigonometric Curves ..................66

Finding the Area between Curves ...............................................67

Using Parametric Equations: Ferris Wheel Problem ...................68

Demonstrating the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus .............71

Computing Areas of Regular N-Sided Polygons .........................73

Computing and Graphing Mortgage Payments .........................75

3 Memory and Variable Management .............................. 79

Checking Available Memory ........................................................79

Deleting Items from Memory.......................................................81

Clearing Entries and List Elements...............................................82

Archiving and UnArchiving Variables..........................................83

Resetting the TI-84 Plus................................................................87

Grouping and Ungrouping Variables ..........................................90

Garbage Collection.......................................................................93

ERR:ARCHIVE FULL Message ........................................................97

4 Communication Link....................................................... 99

Getting Started: Sending Variables .............................................99

TI-84 Plus LINK.............................................................................100

Selecting Items to Send ..............................................................102

Receiving Items ...........................................................................106

Backing Up RAM Memory..........................................................107

Error Conditions..........................................................................108

A Appendix A: Tables and Reference Information......... 111

Table of Functions and Instructions...........................................111

Variables......................................................................................154

Statistics Formulas.......................................................................155

Financial Formulas ......................................................................159

B Appendix B: General Information................................ 163

Battery Information....................................................................163

Important Things You Need to Know About Your TI-84 Plus .. 165

In Case of Difficulty ....................................................................167

Error Conditions..........................................................................169

Accuracy Information .................................................................176

Texas Instruments (TI) Support and Service............................... 179

Texas Instruments (TI) Warranty Information ...........................180

Getting Started

TI-84 Plus keys

y Provides access to the function or character shown above each key.

ƒ Provides access to the characters shown above each key.

Œ Displays a menu that lists Applications installed on the TI-84 Plus.

É Turns on the TI-84 Plus.

} ~ † | Let you move the cursor in four directions.

‘ Clears (erases) the entry line or deletes an entry and answer on the home screen.

Í Evaluates an expression, executes an instruction, or selects a menu item.

Getting Started 1

Turning the TI-84 Plus on and off

To turn on the TI-84 Plus, press É. The É key is located at the lower left corner of the TI-84 Plus.

To turn off the TI-84 Plus, press the y key followed by the É key. OFF

second function of É.

is the

When you turn off the TI-84 Plus, all settings and memory contents are retained. The next time you turn on the TI-84 Plus, the home screen displays as it was when you last used it.

Automatic Power Down™

To prolong the life of the batteries, Automatic Power Down™ (APD™) turns off the TI-84 Plus automatically after about five minutes without any activity. The next time you turn o?n the TI-84 Plus, it is exactly as you left it.

Home screen

When you turn on your TI-84 Plus the first time, you should see this screen:

To clear this text from your screen, press ‘ twice. You should now see the home screen, a blank screen with a flashing cursor. The home screen is where you enter problems and see results.

If you pressed ‘ above and you still do not see a blank home screen, press the y key followed by the z key (to select QUIT).

2 Getting Started

Example: Add 2 + 3 on the home screen.

Press Result

2 Ã 3

Entry line

Answer line

Note: Results are displayed on the next line (the answer line), not on the

entry line.

Example: Multiply 5 x 4.

Press Result

5 ¯ 4

and

Most keys on the TI-84 Plus can perform two or more functions. To use a function printed on a key, press the key. To use a function printed above a key, you must first press the y key or the ƒ key.

keys

y key

Second functions are printed above the keys (the same color as the y key). Some secondary functions enter a function or a symbol on the home screen (sinL1 or ‡, for example). Others display menus or editors.

To view the ANGLE menu, for example, look for ANGLE above the Œ key near the top of the TI-84 Plus keyboard. Press the y key (and then release it) and then press Œ. In this guidebook the key combination is indicated by y;, not yŒ.

Getting Started 3

Note: The flashing cursor changes to Þ when you press the y key.

ƒ key

The ƒ key lets you enter the alphabetic characters and some special symbols. To enter T, for example, press ƒ (and then release it) and then press ¶. In the guidebook this key combination is indicated by ƒ [T].

If you have several alphabetic characters to enter, press y7 to avoid having to press the ƒ key multiple times. This locks the alpha key in the On position until you press ƒ a second time to unlock it.

Note: The flashing cursor changes to Ø when you press the ƒ key.

‘

and y

‘ key

The ‘ key erases the home screen. This key is located just below the four arrow keys at the upper right corner of the TI-84 Plus keyboard. If you press ‘ during an entry, it clears the entry line. If you press ‘ when the cursor is on a blank line, it clears everything on the home screen.

Although it does not affect the calculation, it is frequently helpful to clear the previous work from the home screen before you begin a new problem. As you work through this guide, we recommend that you press ‘ each time you begin a new Example. This removes the previous example from the home screen and ensures that the screen you see matches the one shown in the example.

y 5

If you accidentally press a menu key, pressing ‘ will usually return you to the home screen, but in most cases pressing y5 to leave the menu and return to the home screen.

Entering an expression

An expression consists of numbers, variables, operators, functions, and their arguments that evaluate to a single answer. 2X + 2 is an expression.

Type the expression, and then press Í to evaluate it. To enter a function or instruction on the entry line, you can:

• Press its key, if available. For example, press «.

— or —

4 Getting Started

• Select it from the CATALOG, if the function appears on the

CATALOG. For example, press y N, press † to move down to

log(, and press Í to select log(.

— or —

• Select it from a menu, if available. For example, to find the

function, press , press ~ to select NUM, then select 2:round(.

Example: Enter and evaluate the expression p Q 2.

Press Result

y B ¯

Interchangeable Faceplates

round

The TI-84 Plus Silver Edition has interchangeable faceplates that let you customize the appearance of your unit. To purchase additional faceplates, refer to the TI Online Store at education.ti.com.

Removing a Faceplate

1. Lift the tab at the bottom edge of the faceplate away from the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition case.

2. Carefully lift the faceplate away from the unit until it releases. Be careful not to damage the faceplate or the keypad.

Getting Started 5

Installing New Faceplates

1. Align the top of the faceplate in the corresponding grooves of the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition case.

2. Gently click the faceplate into place. Do not force.

3. Make sure you gently press each of the grooves to ensure the faceplate is installed properly. See the diagram for proper groove placement.

Using the Clock

Use the Clock to set the time and date, select the clock display format, and turn the clock on and off. The clock is turned on by default and is accessed from the mode screen.

Displaying the Clock Settings

1. Press z

2. Press the † to move the cursor to

SET CLOCK.

3. Press Í.

6 Getting Started

Changing the Clock settings

1. Press the ~ or | to highlight the date

format you want, example: M/D/Y. Press Í.

2. Press † to highlight YEAR. Press ‘ and

type the year, example: 2004.

3. Press † to highlight MONTH. Press ‘

and type the number of the month (a number from 1–12).

4. Press † to highlight DAY. Press ‘ and

type the date.

5. Press † to highlight TIME. Press ~ or | to

highlight the time format you want. Press Í.

6. Press † to highlight HOUR. Press ‘

and type the hour. A number from 1–12 or 0–23.

7. Press † to highlight MINUTE. Press ‘

and type the minutes. A number from 0–

59.

8. Press † to highlight AM/PM. Press ~ or | to highlight the format. Press Í.

9. To Save changes, press † to select Press Í.

SAVE.

Error Messages

If you type the wrong date for the month, for example: June 31, June does not have 31 days, you will receive an error message with two choices:

• To Quit the Clock application and return to the Home screen, select 1: Quit. Press Í.

— or —

• To return to the clock application and correct the error, select 2: Goto. Press Í.

Getting Started 7

Turning the Clock On

There are two options to turn the clock on. One option is through the MODE screen, the other is through the Catalog.

Using the Mode Screen to turn the clock on

1. If the Clock is turned off, Press † to

highlight

2. Press Í.

TURN CLOCK ON.

Using the Catalog to turn the clock on

1. If the Clock is turned off, Press y N

2. Press † or } to scroll the CATALOG until

the selection cursor points to

3. Press Í.

ClockOn.

Turning the Clock Off

1. Press y N.

2. Press † or } to scroll the CATALOG until

the selection cursor points to

3. Press Í.

ClockOff will turn off the Clock display.

ClockOff.

TI-84 Plus menus

Many functions and instructions are entered on the home screen by selecting from a menu.

To select an item from the displayed menu:

• Press the number or letter shown at the left of that item.

— or —

• Use the cursor arrow keys, † or }, to highlight the item, and then press Í.

8 Getting Started

Some menus close automatically when you make a selection, but if the menu remains open, press y5 to exit. Do not press ‘ to exit, since this will sometimes delete your selection.

Example: Enter on the home screen entry line.

Press Result



Menus containing an arrow next to the final item continue on a second page.

— or —

††† Í

2 7 ¤

Example: Change the FORMAT menu setting to display grid points on the graph.

Press Result

y .

Getting Started 9

Press Result

† † ~ Í

Example: Turn off the display of grid points.

Press Result

y . † † Í

Note: Press y5 or ‘ to close the FORMAT menu and return to

the home screen.

Summary of menus on the TI-84 Plus

Press To display

y 8

y L





y ,

10 Getting Started

APPLICATIONS menu — to see a list of TI-84 Plus

graphing handheld software applications (APPS).

LINK menu — to communicate with another graphing

handheld.

MEMORY menu — to check available memory and

manage existing memory.

MATH menu — to select a math operation.

VARS menu — to select variable names to paste to the

home screen.

STAT PLOTS menu — to define statistical plots.

Press To display

y N

CATALOG menu — to select from a complete,

alphabetic list of all TI-84 Plus built-in functions and instructions.

y .

y >

FORMAT menu — to define a graph’s appearance.

MATRIX menu — to define, view, and edit matrices.

y <

y =

DRAW menu — to select tools for drawing on graphs.

DISTRIBUTIONS menu — to select distribution

functions to paste to the home screen or editor screens.

y :

TEST menu — to select relational operators (=, ƒ, {, |,

etc.) and Boolean operators (and, or, xor, not) to paste to the home screen.

Editing and deleting

You can change any expression or entry using the backspace | key, the delete { key, or the insert y6 key. You can make a change before or after you press Í.

Example: Enter the expression 5

+ 5.

Press Result

5 ¡ Ã 1

| 5

+ 1, and then change the expression to

Getting Started 11

Example: Enter the expression 52 + 1, and then change the expression to

52 N 5.

Press Result

5 ¡ Ã 1

| | { {

Example: Change the example above to 5

+2N 5 using y[ to

recall the expression and y6 to insert + 2 into the expression.

Press Result

y [

| | y 6 Ã

12 Getting Started

Using ¹ and

Many graphing handhelds (including the TI-84 Plus) make a distinction between the symbols for subtraction and negation.

Use ¹ to enter subtraction operations. Use Ì to enter a negative number in an operation, in an expression, or on a setup screen.

Example: Subtract 10 from 25.

Press Result

2 5 ¹ 1 0

Example: Add 10 to L25.

Press Result

2 5 Ã 1 0

Ì Í

Example: Subtract L10 from 25.

Press Result

2 5 ¹ Ì 1 0

Note: Notice that the TI-84 Plus displays a slightly different symbol for

negation and subtraction to make it easier for you to distinguish between the two. The negative symbol is raised and slightly shorter.

Getting Started 13

Using parentheses

Since all calculations inside parentheses are completed first, it is sometimes important to place a portion of an expression inside parentheses.

Example: Multiply 4…1+2; then multiply 4…(1+2).

Press Result

4 ¯ 1 Ã 2

4 ¯ £ 1 Ã 2 ¤

Note: The closing parenthesis ¤ is optional. The operation will be

completed if you omit it. The exception to this rule occurs when there is another operation following the parenthetical operation. In this case, you must include the closing parenthesis.

Example: Divide 1/2 by 2/3.

Press Result

1 ¥ 2 ¤ ¥

2 ¥ 3 ¤

14 Getting Started

Example: Calculate 16 ^ .

Press Result

1 6 › £ 1 ¥ 2 ¤

Example: Calculate (L3)

Press Result

3 ¤ ¡

£ Ì Í

--2

Note: Try each of these examples without the parentheses and see what

happens!

Storing a value

Values are stored to and recalled from memory using variable names.

Example: Store 25 to variable A and multiply A by 2.

Press Result

2 5 ¿ ƒ [A]

Getting Started 15

Press Result

2 ¯ ƒ [A]

— or —

ƒ [A] ¯ 2 Í

Example: Find the value of 2X3 N 5X2 N 7X + 10 when X = L0.5.

Press Result

5 ¿ „

Ì Ë Í

L.5 to X)

(stores

2 „ › 3

¹ 5 „ ¡ ¹

7 „ Ã 1 0

You can remove a value stored to a variable using the DELVAR function or by storing 0 to the variable.

16 Getting Started

Example: Delete the value (L.5) stored to X above by storing 0.

Press Result

0 ¿„

„ Í

Graphing a function

o Displays the Y= Editor, where you can enter one or more functions or expressions to graph.

p Lets you set the viewing window to produce the best display of your graph.

„ Lets you enter one of four symbols: X (if you are in Function mode), T (in Parametric mode), q (in Polar mode), or n (in Sequence mode).

q Lets you quickly adjust the window to a predefined setting.

s Displays the graph you have defined.

r Lets you move the cursor along the graphed function using | and ~.

Getting Started 17

To graph a function, you must:

1. Display the Y= Editor.

2. Enter the function.

3. Display the graph.

Note: If you previously changed graph type in the mode settings, you

must change the type back to Func (the default setting) before you graph.

Example: Graph the function Y = X

Press Result

+ 1.

„ ¡ Ã

Note: If Y1 is not empty, press ‘. If there are additional entries in

the Y= Editor, press †‘ until all are clear.

Changing mode settings

The mode settings determine how entries are interpreted and how answers are displayed on the TI-84 Plus.

18 Getting Started

Example: Change the mode setting for decimals from Float to 3 decimal

places.

Press Result

† ~ ~ ~ ~ Í

y 5

1 Ë 2 3 4 5 6

Note: You must press Í to change a mode setting. If you highlight

the setting and then exit the mode menu without pressing Í, the setting will not be changed.

The mode menu includes the following settings:

Setting Choices

Numeric notation

Decimal

Angle measure

Getting Started 19

Normal: for example, 12345.67

•

Sci (scientific): for example, 1.234567â4

•

Eng (engineering): for example, 12.34567â3

Float

•

lets the number of decimal places change

based on the result (up to 10 digits)

0–9: sets the number of decimal places to a value

–9) that you specify

Radian: interprets angle values as radians

Degree: interprets angle values as degrees

Setting Choices

Type of graph

•

Func (functional): plots functions, where Y is a

function of X

•

Par (parametric): plots relations, where X and Y

are functions of T

•

Pol (polar): plots functions, where r is a function

of ô

Seq (sequence): plots sequences

•

Plot type

Sequential or simultaneous graphing

Real or complex mode

Screen display

•

Connected: draws a line connecting each point

calculated for the selected functions

•

Dot: plots only the calculated points of the

selected functions

•

Sequential: draws graphs one at a time

•

Simul (simultaneous): draws several graphs at the

same time

Real:

•

displays real numbers, such as 1, 1/2, ‡3

a+b× (rectangular complex): displays as 3+2× re^q× (polar complex): displays as re^q×

Full: displays full screen

Horiz: displays a horizontal split screen

G-T: displays a vertical split screen (graph &

table)

The importance of mode settings

Example: Multiply 2/3 Q 2.

Press Result

z † ~ Í

20 Getting Started

Press Result

2 ¥ 3 ¯ 2 Í

Your first reaction to this example is that the graphing handheld has produced a wrong answer. But you have set it to round to 0 decimal places (the nearest whole number), so for this setting the answer is correct. If you set rounding (decimals displayed) to 0 and then forget to reset it for later calculations, you may be surprised by some of your answers! With mode set to the default setting of Float, the result will be:

Press Result

2 ¥ 3 ¯ 2

Setting the graphing window

To obtain the best view of the graph, you may need to change the boundaries of the window.

To display the WINDOW Editor, press p.

Ymax

Xscl

Xmax

Yscl

Window variables (shown in

WINDOW Editor)

Xmin

Ymin

Corresponding viewing

window (shown on Graph

window)

Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, and Ymax variables represent the boundaries of

The the viewing window.

Getting Started 21

Xmin: the minimum value of X to be displayed. Xmax: the maximum value of X to be displayed. Ymin: the minimum value of Y to be displayed. Ymax: the maximum value of Y to be displayed. Xcsl (X scale): the distance between the tick marks on the X axis. Yscl (Y scale): the distance between the tick marks on the Y axis. Xres: pixel resolution—not usually changed except by advanced users.

To change the values:

1. Move the cursor to highlight the value you want to change.

2. Do one of the following:

• Type a value or an expression. The old value is erased when you

begin typing.

— or —

• Press ‘ to clear the old value; then type the new one.

3. Press Í, †, or }.

Note: Values are stored as you type them; you do not need to press

Í. Pressing Í simply moves the cursor to the next window variable.

4. After you have made all changes, press y5 to close the WINDOW Editor (or s to display the graph).

Example: Change the window settings to display a maximum X value of 25, a minimum X value of L25, a maximum Y value of 50, and a minimum Yvalue of L50.

Press Result

2 5 † 2 5 † †

Ì 5 0 † 5 0

22 Getting Started

Press Result

y 5

Using

The TI-84 Plus has ten predefined window settings that let you quickly adjust the graph window to a predetermined level of magnification. To display this menu, press q.

Selection Result

1: ZBox Lets you draw a box (using the cursor pad) to

2: Zoom In After you position the cursor and press Í,

3: Zoom Out After you position the cursor and press Í,

4: ZDecimal Sets the change in X and Y to increments of .1

5: ZSquare Adjusts the viewing window so that X and Y

6: ZStandard Sets the standard (default) window variables.

7: ZTrig Sets the built-in trigonometry window variables.

8: ZInteger After you position the cursor and press Í, sets

9: ZoomStat Sets the values for currently defined statistical lists.

define the viewing window.

magnifies the graph around the cursor.

displays more of the graph.

when you use r.

dimensions are equal.

the change in X and Y to whole number increments.

0: ZoomFit Fits

Ymin and Ymax between Xmin and Xmax.

Building a table

Tables are useful tools for comparing values for a function at multiple points.

Getting Started 23

Example: Build a table to evaluate the function Y = X3 N 2X at each

integer between L10 and 10.

Press Result

z † † † Í

(sets function graphing mode)

„ 

¹ 2 „

y -

1 0 Í

(sets TblStart; default settings shown for the other fields are appropriate)

y 0

24 Getting Started

+ 168 hidden pages

Texas Instruments TI-84+SE, TI-84 Plus User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Important Information

USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference

About the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus Silver Edition

About this book

Table of Contents

Getting Started

TI-84 Plus keys

Turning the TI-84 Plus on and off

Automatic Power Down™

Home screen

Entering an expression

Interchangeable Faceplates

Removing a Faceplate

Installing New Faceplates

Using the Clock

Displaying the Clock Settings

Changing the Clock settings

Error Messages

Turning the Clock On

Turning the Clock Off

TI-84 Plus menus

Summary of menus on the TI-84 Plus

Editing and deleting

Using parentheses

Storing a value

Graphing a function

Changing mode settings

The importance of mode settings

Setting the graphing window

Building a table