Operation Manual by Ludvig Carlson, Anders Nordmark, Roger Wiklander
VST System Link chapter by Rodney Orpheus
Quality Control: C.Bachmann, H. Bischoff, S. Pfeifer, C. Schomburg
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Steinberg Media Technologies AG. The software
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562Introduction
564Opening the Logical Editor
564Window overview
565Selecting a preset
566Setting up filter conditions
577Selecting a function
579Specifying actions
583Performing the Logical
editing
584Working with presets
585The Input Transformer
589 The Tempo Track
Editor
590Background
590Opening the Tempo Track
Editor
591Window overview
594Operations
599Options and settings
600The Beat Calculator
603 The Project Browser
604Background
604Opening the Project
Browser
604Window Overview
605Navigating in the Browser
607Customizing the View
607About the Sync Selection
option
608Editing audio tracks
610Editing MIDI tracks
CUBASE SX/SL
6Table of Contents
613Editing Automation tracks
614Editing the Video track
615Editing the Marker track
616Editing the Tempo track
616Editing Time Signatures
617 Working with System
Exclusive messages
618Introduction
618Bulk dumps
621Recording System Exclusive
parameter changes
622Editing System Exclusive
messages
625 Export Audio Mixdown
626Background
627Mixing down to an audio file
629File Format Specifics
662Introduction
663Preparations
671Activating VST System Link
678Application examples
681 Video
682Background
683Operations
686Options
687 ReWire
688Introduction
689Launching and quitting
690Activating ReWire channels
691Using the transport and
tempo controls
692How ReWire channels are
handled in Cubase SX/SL
693Routing MIDI via ReWire2
694Considerations and limita-
tions
695 File Handling
696File Operations
711Options and Settings
715 Key Commands
716Background
717The Key Commands dialog
724Setting up tool modifier keys
725 Troubleshooting/FAQ
726Frequently Asked Questions
729 Menu reference
730About this chapter
730Cubase SX/SL menu
(Mac OS X only)
731File menu
736Edit menu
743Project menu
745Audio menu
750MIDI menu
756Scores menu
(Cubase SX only)
756Pool menu
760Transport menu
763Devices menu
765Window menu
766Help menu
767 Index
CUBASE SX/SL
Table of Contents7
CUBASE SX/SL
8Table of Contents
1
Playback and the Transport
panel
Background
This chapter describes the various methods available for controlling
Playback and Transport functions in Cubase SX/SL.
The Transport panel
Below you can find a brief description of each item on the Transport
panel.
Right locator: punch out
point and end of Cycle
Activates Auto Quantize
Position display
Nudge position right
Nudge position left
Position slider
Go to project start
Metronome click on/off
Tempo follows Tempo
track on/off
Left locator: record start point, punch
in point and beginning of Cycle
Cycle on/off
Fast forwardRewindStop
Go to project end
Preroll setting
Postroll setting
Activates punch outActivates punch in
Display format
pop-up
Record
Play
Synchronization on/off
CUBASE SX/SL
1 – 10Playback and the Transport panel
The tempo and time signature display
•The main Transport functions (Play/Stop/Cycle/Record) are also
available on the toolbar.
In addition, various play options are available on the Transport menu.
Hiding and showing
The Transport panel is shown by default when you launch a new
project. To hide or show it, select the “Transport Panel” item from the
Transport menu (or use the corresponding key command, by default
[F2]).
About Preroll and Postroll
These items are described in the Recording chapter – see page 48.
Resizing
You can change the size of the Transport panel by deciding which
parts of it you wish to be visible. If you right-click (Win) or [Ctrl]-click
(Mac) anywhere within the Transport panel area, a pop-up menu will
appear. On this menu, you can check or uncheck elements of the
Transport panel as desired.
CUBASE SX/SL
Playback and the Transport panel1 – 11
The numeric keypad
In the default Key Command settings, the numeric keypad on the
computer keyboard is assigned various Transport panel operations
The keypads are slightly different on PC and Macintosh computers:
PC:
Cycle On/Off
Go to Marker
number 3-9
Go to right
locator
Go to left
locator
Stop
Mac:
Cycle On/Off
Go to Marker
number 3-9
Num
Lock
x—
789
456+
123
0
num
lock
,
=/*
Enter
789–
Record
Rewind On/Off
Fast Forward On/Off
Play
Return to Zero
Record
Rewind On/Off
Fast Forward On/Off
456+
Go to right
locator
Go to left
locator
Stop
CUBASE SX/SL
1 – 12Playback and the Transport panel
123
0
Play
enter
,
Return to Zero
Operations
Setting the Project cursor position
There are several methods you can use to move the project cursor position:
•By using Fast Forward and Rewind.
•By dragging the project cursor.
•By clicking in the ruler.
Double clicking in the ruler will start or stop playback, moving the cursor at the same
time.
•If the option “Locate When Clicked in Empty Space” is activated in the Preferences (Transport page) you can click anywhere in an empty section of the
Project window to move the cursor position.
•By changing the value in the position display.
•By using the position slider.
The range of the slider relates to the Length setting in the Project Setup dialog. Hence,
moving the slider all the way to the right will take you to the end of the project.
•By using the nudge position buttons (see page 14).
•By using markers (see page 110).
•By using playback options (see page 16).
•By using functions on the Transport menu.
The following functions are available:
FunctionDescription
Locate SelectionMoves the project cursor to the beginning of the current se-
lection. For this to be available, you must have selected one
or more events or parts, or made a selection range.
Locate Next/Previous
Marker
Locate Next/Previous
Event
This moves the project cursor to the closest marker to the right
or left (see page 110).
This moves the project cursor forwards or backwards respectively, to the closest beginning or end of any event on the selected track(s).
❐
If Snap is activated when dragging the project cursor, the Snap value is
taken into account. This can be helpful for finding exact positions quickly.
CUBASE SX/SL
Playback and the Transport panel1 – 13
About the Transport panel display format
The time unit shown in the ruler can be independent from the time unit
shown in the Transport panel. This means that you can display timecode in the transport position display and bars and beats in the ruler,
for example. The following rules apply:
•If you change the display format from the Transport panel, this will ap-
ply “globally” in the project.
This is the same as changing the display format in the Project Setup. Thus, to have different display formats in the ruler and the Transport panel, you should change the format in the ruler.
•The Transport panel display format is set on the pop-up menu to the
right in the position display.
•The setting here also determines the time format displayed for the left
and right locators.
Using the nudge position buttons
The + and – buttons to the left of the Position slider allows you to
nudge the project cursor position to the right or left, respectively. The
increments depend on the display format selected on the Transport
panel:
•If the Seconds format is selected, the position will be nudged by whole seconds.
•If any frame-based format is selected, the position will be nudged by frames.
•If Bars+Beats is selected, the position will be nudged by ticks. There are 480
ticks per beat.
•If the Samples format is selected, the position will be nudged by samples.
CUBASE SX/SL
1 – 14Playback and the Transport panel
Options and Settings
The “Return to Start Position on Stop” preference
You have the option to set the behavior of the project cursor when you
press Stop. This is done in the Preferences dialog on the Transport
page:
1. Open the Preferences dialog from the File menu (on the Mac, the
Preferences are located on the Cubase SX/SL menu) and select the
Transport page.
2. Activate or deactivate the “Return to Start Position on Stop” item.
•If activated (ticked), the project cursor will automatically return to the
position where recording or playback last was activated from, when
you press Stop.
•If deactivated, the project cursor will remain at the position where you
hit Stop.
Pressing Stop again will return the project cursor to the position where recording or
playback last was activated from.
3. Click OK to close the Preferences dialog and apply the changes.
About track disable/enable
For audio tracks, the track context menu contains an item named “Disable Track”. This shuts down all disk activity for the track, as opposed
to using Mute, which merely turns down the output volume for a track.
If you often record “alternative takes”, you can easily build up a large
number of takes that are actually still “playing back” from the hard disk
during playback, although the tracks may be muted. This puts an unnecessary load on your disk system, so using “Disable Track” is recommended for such situations.
•Select “Disable Track” when you have recorded many alternative
takes of a performance on separate tracks, that you want to keep for
later evaluation and/or editing.
Select “Enable Track” from the track context menu to re-enable disabled tracks.
CUBASE SX/SL
Playback and the Transport panel1 – 15
Playback functions
Apart from the standard transport controls on the Transport panel, you
can also find a number of functions that can be used to control playback on the Transport menu. The items have the following functionality:
OptionDescription
Play from Selection Start This activates playback from the beginning of the currently
selected range.
Play from Selection End This activates playback from the end of the currently se-
lected range.
Play until Selection Start This activates playback two seconds before the start of the
currently selected range and stops at the selection start.
Play until Selection EndThis activates playback two seconds before the end of the
selected range and stops at the selection end.
Play until Next MarkerThis activates playback from the project cursor and stops at
the next marker.
Play Selection RangeThis activates playback from the start of the selected range
and stops at the selection end.
Loop SelectionThis activates playback from the start of the selected range
and continuously starts over again upon reaching the selection end.
❐
The functions listed above (except “Play to Next Marker”) are only available if you have selected one or more events or made a selection range.
CUBASE SX/SL
1 – 16Playback and the Transport panel
About Chase
Chase is basically a function that makes sure your MIDI instruments
sound as they should when you locate to a new position and start
playback. This is accomplished by having the program transmitting a
number of MIDI messages to your instruments each time you move to
a new position in the project, making sure all MIDI devices are set up
correctly with regard to Program Change, controller messages (such
as MIDI Volume) etc.
For example, let’s say you have a MIDI track with a Program Change
event inserted at the beginning. This event makes a synth switch to a
piano sound.
In the beginning of the first chorus you have another Program Change
event which makes the same synth switch to a string sound.
You now play back the song. It begins with the piano sound and then
switches to the string sound. In the middle of the chorus you stop and
rewind to some point between the beginning and the second Program
Change. The synth will now still play the string sound although in this
section it really should be a piano!
The Chase function takes care of that. If Program Change events are
set to be chased, Cubase SX/SL will track the music back to the beginning, find the first Program Change and send this out, so that the
synth is set to the right sound.
The same thing can apply to other event types as well. The Chase
Events Filter settings in the Preferences dialog (MIDI-Chase Events
Filter page) determine which event types will be chased when you locate to a new position and start playback.
•Event types for which the checkbox is activated in this dialog will not be
chased.
CUBASE SX/SL
Playback and the Transport panel1 – 17
CUBASE SX/SL
1 – 18Playback and the Transport panel
2
Recording
Background
This chapter describes the various recording methods that you can
use in Cubase SX/SL. As it is possible to record both audio and MIDI
tracks in Cubase SX/SL, both of these recording methods are covered in this chapter.
Before you start
This chapter assumes that you are reasonably familiar with certain basic recording concepts, and that the following initial preparations have
been made:
•You have properly set up, connected and calibrated your audio hard-
ware.
This is described in the Getting Started book.
•You have opened a project and set the project setup parameters to
your specifications.
Project Setup parameters determine the record format, sample rate, project length etc.
that affect the resulting audio recordings you make during the course of the project.
See page 62.
•If you plan to record MIDI, your MIDI equipment should be set up and
connected correctly.
See the Getting Started book.
CUBASE SX/SL
2 – 20Recording
Basic recording methods
This section describes the general methods used for recording. However, there are additional preparations and procedures that are specific
to audio and MIDI recording respectively. Make sure to read these sections before you start recording (see page 25 and page 37).
Record enabling a track
Cubase SX/SL can record on a single track or on several tracks (audio and/or MIDI) simultaneously. To make a track ready for recording,
click the Record Enable button for the track in the Track list, in the Inspector or in the Mixer. When activated, the button(s) turn red, indicating record ready mode.
Record Enable in the Inspector, Track list and Mixer.
•If the option “Enable Record on Selected Track” is activated in the Preferences dialog (Editing page), tracks are automatically record enabled
when you select them in the Track list.
•The exact number of audio tracks you can record simultaneously depends on your computer CPU and hard disk performance.
Furthermore, it would be pointless to record more audio tracks than you have audio inputs, since this would only result in duplicate tracks and audio files (see page 25).
CUBASE SX/SL
Recording2 – 21
Manually activating recording
You activate recording by clicking the Record button on the Transport
panel or toolbar, or by using the corresponding key command (by default [*] on the numeric keypad).
Recording can be activated from Stop mode (from the current cursor
position or from the left locator) or during playback:
•If you activate recording from Stop mode, and the option “Start Record at Left
Locator” is activated on the Transport menu, recording will start from the left
locator.
The preroll setting or the metronome count-in will be applied (see page 48).
•If you activate recording from Stop mode, and the “Start Record at Left Locator” is deactivated, recording will start from the current project cursor position.
•If you activate recording during playback, Cubase SX/SL will immediately enter Record mode and start recording at the current project cursor position.
This is known as “manual punch in”.
Automatically activating recording
Cubase SX/SL can automatically switch from playback to recording
at a given position. This is known as “automatic punch in”. A typical
use for this would be if you need to replace a section of a recording,
and want to listen to the previously recorded audio up to the recording start position.
1. Set the left locator to the position at which you want recording to
start.
2. Activate the Punch In button on the Transport panel.
Punch In activated.
3. Activate playback from some position before the left locator.
When the project cursor reaches the left locator, recording is automatically activated.
CUBASE SX/SL
2 – 22Recording
Stopping recording
Again, this can be done automatically or manually:
•If you click the Stop button on the Transport panel (or use the corre-
sponding key command, by default [0] on the numeric keypad), recording is deactivated and Cubase SX/SL goes to Stop mode.
•If you click the Record button or use the key command for recording,
by default [*], recording is deactivated but playback continues.
This is known as “manual punch out”.
•If the Punch Out button is activated on the Transport panel, recording
will be deactivated when the project cursor reaches the right locator.
This is known as “automatic punch out”. By combining this with automatic punch in,
you can set up a specific section to record – again very useful if you want to replace a
certain part of a recording. See also page 47.
Punch In and Out activated.
CUBASE SX/SL
Recording2 – 23
Cycle recording
Cubase SX/SL can record and play back in a cycle – a loop. You
specify where the cycle starts and ends by setting the left and right locators. When cycle is active, the selected section is seamlessly repeated until you hit Stop or deactivate cycle mode.
•To activate cycle mode, click the cycle button on the Transport panel.
If you now activate Play, the section between the left and right locator is repeated indefinitely until you stop.
Cycle activated.
•To record in Cycle mode, you can start recording from the left locator,
from before the locators or from within the cycle, from Stop mode or
during playback.
As soon as the project cursor reaches the right locator, it will jump back to the left locator and continue recording a new lap.
•The results of cycle recording are different for audio (see page 34)
and MIDI (see page 42).
CUBASE SX/SL
2 – 24Recording
Audio recording specifics
Activating and selecting VST inputs
Cubase SX/SL allows you to use audio hardware with multiple inputs
and route different inputs to different audio channels. To activate inputs, first open the VST Inputs window on the Devices menu.
❐
Note that active inputs use processing power! Make it a habit to only activate audio inputs that you actually intend to use.
The VST Inputs window is divided into three columns:
•The left column contains the available physical input ports on the audio hardware.
•The middle column indicates which input pairs are activated. You turn input
pairs on or off by clicking the buttons in this column.
•The right column shows the names that will be used for each input throughout
the program. You can rename an input by clicking in this column and typing a
new name.
❐
If you deactivate an input pair that is currently used (selected as input
source for one or several audio channels), you will be asked whether you
want Cubase SX/SL to remap these inputs (change the input source selection for the channels in question).
CUBASE SX/SL
Recording2 – 25
Routing activated VST inputs to a channel
Selecting an input source for a track’s corresponding channel is done
in the Mixer. Proceed as follows:
1. Open the Mixer from the Devices menu.
2. Locate the mixer channel strip for the audio track on which you plan to
record.
3. Pull down the input pop-up for the channel strip and select the input
to which the signal source you want to record is connected.
Selecting a recording file format
The format of recorded files is set in the Project Setup dialog on the
Project menu. There are three settings: sample rate, record format (bit
depth) and record file type. While the sample rate is set once and for
all when you start working on a new project, the bit depth and file type
can be changed at any time.
CUBASE SX/SL
2 – 26Recording
Record format (bit depth)
❐
The record format setting is disregarded if you activate the TrueTape recording mode (see page 28).
The available options are 16 bit, 24 bit and 32 bit float. Use the following guidelines:
•Normally, select record format according to the bit depth delivered by your audio hardware.
For example, if your audio hardware has 20 bit A/D converters (inputs), you may want
to record at 24 bit resolution, to capture the full bit depth. On the other hand, if your
hardware has 16 bit inputs, it’s pointless to record with a higher bit depth – this will
only make the audio files larger, with no difference in audio quality. The exception to
this is the TrueTape recording mode, which produces 32 bit float files but is fully usable with 16 or 24 bit audio hardware – see below.
•The higher the bit depth, the larger the files and the more strain is put on the
disk system.
If this is an issue, you may want to lower the record format setting.
Record file type
The Record File Type setting determines which type of files will be created when you record:
File TypeDescription
Wave FileWave files have the extension “.wav” and are the most common file
format on the PC platform.
Broadcast Wave
File
AIFF FileAudio Interchange File Format, a standard defined by Apple Com-
In terms of audio content, the same as regular Wave files, but with
embedded text strings for supplying additional information about
the file (see below).
puter Inc. AIFF files have the extension “.aif” and are used on most
computer platforms.
•If you select Broadcast Wave File, you can specify Author, Description and Reference text strings that will be embedded in the recorded
file.
This is done on the Audio–Broadcast Wave page in the Preferences dialog.
CUBASE SX/SL
Recording2 – 27
Activating TrueTape™ (Cubase SX only)
TrueTape is a unique Steinberg technology that emulates the behavior
of a professional analog tape recorder. While digital audio recording
has a number of benefits, some may perceive digital sound to be
somewhat “sterile” and “cold” compared to high quality analog recordings. The TrueTape feature remedies this problem by recreating
the sound of analog tape saturation at the recording stage.
Note:
•TrueTape produces 32 bit float files.
The hard disk and processor speed considerations of the regular 32 bit format apply
here as well.
•Unlike the regular 32 bit float record format, you can use the TrueTape
mode even if your audio hardware only supports 16 bit resolution.
This is because the TrueTape feature converts the signal to 32 bit float format, and
adds audio information in the floating point domain.
You activate and set up TrueTape in the following way:
1. Pull down the Devices menu and select TrueTape.
The TrueTape panel appears.
2. Click the power button to activate TrueTape.
In Cubase SX/SL for Windows, the power button is located in the top left corner, in
Cubase SX/SL for Mac OS X the power button is located in the lower left corner.
3. Use the Drive control to adjust the amount of tape saturation effect to
your liking.
If you are monitoring through Cubase SX/SL, you will hear how the changes color the
sound of the monitored signal. This allows you to try out the settings before actually recording.
CUBASE SX/SL
2 – 28Recording
•The pop-up menu in the TrueTape panel allows you to select one of
four Drive presets, for quick changes.
These contain no “hidden parameters” – selecting the “24dB Super Saturation” preset
is the same as moving the Drive control all the way to the right. Note that any adjustments you make to the Drive control are automatically applied to the selected preset.
You can also rename a preset by clicking and typing in a new name.
•Raising the Drive level will also raise the level in the audio file, and you
can easily reach 0.0 (clipping) on the input level meters.
Unlike when recording in 16 bit format, this is nothing to worry about – it is virtually impossible to get digital distortion in a 32 Bit float file. However, you may want to check
your input levels with TrueTape turned off to make sure the clipping doesn’t occur in
the audio hardware.
Setting up tracks for mono or stereo recording
One of the initial decisions you have to make before you start recording audio is whether the recording should be stereo or mono. This is
determined by the stereo/mono status of the audio track selected for
recording:
•To set a track to mono or stereo, click the Stereo/Mono button in the
Track list or in the Inspector.
A lit stereo button indicates a stereo track, while a dark mono button indicates a mono
track.
The Stereo/Mono button.
❐
For more details about mono/stereo track compatibility, see page 76.
Recording2 – 29
CUBASE SX/SL
Monitoring
In this context, “monitoring” means listening to the input signal during
recording. There are three fundamentally different ways to do this: via
Cubase SX/SL, externally (by listening to the signal before it reaches
Cubase SX/SL) or by using ASIO Direct Monitoring (which is a combination of both of the other methods – see page 31).
Monitoring via Cubase SX/SL
If you monitor via Cubase SX/SL, the input signal is mixed in with the
audio playback. The advantage of this is that you can adjust the monitoring level and panning in the Mixer, and add effects and EQ to the
monitor signal just as during playback. The disadvantage of monitoring
via Cubase SX/SL is that the monitored signal will be delayed according to the latency value (which depends on your audio hardware and
drivers). Therefore, monitoring via Cubase SX/SL requires an audio
hardware configuration with a low latency value (see the Getting
Started book).
When monitoring via Cubase SX/SL, you can select one of four
modes in the Preferences dialog (VST page):
•Manual.
This option allows you to turn input monitoring on or off by clicking the Monitor button
in the Inspector, the Track list or in the Mixer.
•While Record Enabled.
With this option you will hear the audio source connected to the channel input whenever the track is record enabled.
•While Record Running.
This option switches to input monitoring only during recording.
•Tapemachine Style.
This option emulates standard tapemachine behavior: input monitoring in stop mode
and during recording, but not during playback.
CUBASE SX/SL
2 – 30Recording
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