Ivoclar Vivadent SR Phonares II User Manual

®

SR

Phonares

Expressive esthetic denture teeth

II

Instructions

for Use

IntroductIon

The demands of patients with removable dentures continue to rise:
more esthetics, more functionality.

Patients expect and require more than
just having their basic oral functions
(e.g. chewing efficiency) restored.
Individualized esthetics plays an
increasingly important role.

SR Phonares has been developed to fulfil
these requirements.

Based on Nano-Hybrid Composite
(NHC), SR Phonares denture teeth are
particularly suitable for the demanding
applications in removable dental
prosthetics. The tooth moulds are
shaped according to age-specific
characteristics, allowing the fabrication
of highly individualized dentures.

SR Phonares offers dental technicians,
prosthodontists and dentists a new
generation of denture teeth that
are designed to optimally meet the
requirements of today's patients.
This documentation offers guidelines for
the application of the SR Phonares II
tooth lines, assisting users to achieve an
optimum level of function and esthetics.

2

Anterior Tooth Moulds 4

Posterior Tooth Moulds 5

Layering Diagram 6

Composition 7

Indications 8

Processing Steps 9

Mould and Shade Selection 10

table of contents

Model Orientation 12

Model Analysis 13

Anterior Tooth Setup 14

Posterior Tooth Setup 18

Completion 26

Implant Prosthetics 32

General Information 38

3

VERS

ATU

YO

anterIor teeth

Impressive esthetic qualities

• Unparalleled surface texture

User-friendly and convenient

• Easy setup of anterior teeth due to proximal
“Set & Fit” design

• Enhanced “white esthetics” due to especially
designed interdental closures

A range of tooth moulds designed to match the age and characteristics
of the individual patient

• Two basic types

• Three different categories according to age-related characteristics

SOFT

YOUTHFUL

4

UNIVERSAL MATURE

BOLD

Lingual Typ

PosterIor teeth

SR Phonares II Lingual moulds offer the option of
lingualized occlusion. This setup technique is particularly
suitable for enhancing stability in removable denture
prosthetics (e.g. implant prosthetics).

The SR Phonares II Typ moulds are the classic teeth
suitable for universal application in partial, complete
and hybrid dentures.

Lingualized occlusion Classic occlusion

5

layerIng dIagram

The SR Phonares II tooth line has set new standards in
the esthetics of removable dental prosthetics.

The Nano-Hybrid Composite (NHC) is a distinguishing
feature of SR Phonares II.

This new composite has been especially developed for
use in removable dental prosthetics. The NHC material
offers the following advantages:

• high resistance to wear

• high resistance to plaque build-up

• natural opalescence

• highly homogeneous nano structure

The lifelike shade effect and structure of the anterior
and posterior teeth is achieved with 4 individually
shaded layers. The dentin core and facial incisal consist
of NHC material, which imparts both high wear
resistance and natural looking esthetics to the teeth.
The back incisal and neck are built up of PMMA layers
to ensure an optimal and stress-free bond with con­ventional denture base materials.

6

Facial incisal Nano-Hybrid Composite
Dentin core Nano-Hybrid Composite
Neck PMMA
Back incisal PMMA

nhc comPosItIon

UDMA matrix
High-density silanized SiO
Inorganically filled UDMA polymer
Silanized SiO2 nanoparticles

PMMA clusters

2

NHC component Function Main advantage

UDMA
(urethane dimethacrylate)

Matrix The UDMA matrix features a high degree of cross-

linking. The material structure offers high stability and
high resistance to chemical attacks.

High-density silanized SiO

2

Filler 1 Inorganic fillers stiffen the matrix and increase the

material's hardness and resistance to abrasion. They
also optimize the material's refractive index and
therefore enhance the natural shade effect and
opalescence.

Silanized SiO

nanoparticles Filler 2 Nanoscale surface-modified inorganic particles

2

re inforce the composite structure. The nanoscale
pro perties arising from these particles are responsible
for the formation of homogeneous contact surfaces.
The result is a material that is very kind to opposing
tooth structure.

Inorganically filled UDMA
polymer

Filler 3
(iso filler)

Matrix-based pre-polymer particles help reduce poly­merization shrinkage.

PMMA clusters Inclusions The inclusion of PMMA clusters in the composite struc-

ture reduces the affinity for plaque and discolouration.

7

IndIcatIons

Given their properties the SR Phonares II teeth are suitable for esthetically and functionally
demanding restorations. The range of indications includes partial dentures, combination dentures,
complete dentures, hybrid overdentures and implant-supported overdentures.

Complete dentures Partial dentures

Important notes

The following requirements should be met to ensure that the dentures function appropriately in
the oral cavity in the long term:
– Fabrication in the dental laboratory according to the principles of best practice
– Application of dental materials according to the manufacturer's instructions. In particular,

denture teeth should not be excessively weakened as a result of adjustments by grinding.

– Planning and fabrication of the dentures should be performed in close collaboration with the

dentist.

– Dental technician and dentist should ensure a balanced occlusion and articulation.

The dentist should check the following points before beginning the treatment:

1. Does the patient belong to a risk group that generally may jeopardize the success of the treatment?

a. Are there signs of bruxism (patient's statements, tooth wear, masseter hypertrophy)?
b. Are there signs of significantly increased masticatory forces?

2. What type of removable or partially removable restoration should be implemented?

All PMMA/composite-based denture teeth are suitable for tissue-supported and partial dentures

in patients that do not belong to any of the above risk groups.

Patients restored with implant-supported restorations have been shown to exert higher mastica-

tory forces than patients with tissue-supported dentures. The increase in these forces is related to
the fact that implant-supported restorations are anchored in the bone and therefore lack the
sensory receptive feedback necessary to control these forces. The heightened forces may lead to
an increase in chipping in composite teeth.

It may therefore be indicated to use PMMA-based denture teeth for these patients. PMMA teeth

are less prone to chipping but show a significantly higher wear than composite teeth.

8

Prosthetics workflow

ProcessIng stePs

1st appointment

• Preliminary bite registration

• Initial impression-taking

2nd appointment

• Functional impression

• Registration

• Mould selection

• Shade selection

SR Phonares II:

• Shade selection

• Mould selection

3rd appointment

• Wax try-in

Dental practice

Dental laboratory

1st processing step

• Study model

• 1st model orientation

• Bite registration

• Customized impression tray

2nd processing step

• Model fabrication

• 2nd model orientation

• Model analysis

• Wax-up

SR Phonares II:

• Model orientation

• 2nd model analysis

• Anterior tooth setup

• Posterior tooth setup

4th appointment

• Placement

5th appointment

• Recall

The Biofunctional Prosthetic System (BPS®)
stands for success in the field of removable
dental prosthetics. This success is based on
a systematic approach to the working
procedures in the dental p ractice and
laboratory. In addition to a process­oriented workflow, the materials used
in the fabrication of dentures are also
decisive for success.

3rd processing step

• Completion

SR Phonares II:

• Bonding denture teeth to

denture base

• Surface conditioning

• Polishing / Finishing

Specific guidance on the use of the
SR Phonares II teeth should be followed
during application. These instructions
are explained on the following pages
and are complementary to the basic BPS
working procedures.
The basic BPS procedures are described
in more detail in the BPS handbook.

9

mould and shade selectIon

FormSelector

Phonares

®

II

SR

TO OT H M OU LD AR TI ST R Y

Anterior mould selection

In addition to the shade, the shape (form) and size of anterior teeth should in particular be
matched to the individual characteristics of the patient. If possible, the anterior teeth should be
selected directly on the patient according to the patient's anatomical and facial characteristics.

The following methods are recommended to facilitate the tooth selection procedure:

CHAIRSIDE

FormSelector

Step 1 Determine the interalar width of the

nose using the FacialMeter. Select an
appropriately sized tooth mould from
the INTER-ALA table.

Step 2 Select the desired tooth form, soft or bold,

in line with the patient's face.

LABSIDE

Model analysis

approx.
7 mm

approx. 9 mm

Determine the following reference points by means of
analysing the model:

1] Position of the canines:
Determine the first large pair of rugae; the centre

of the labial surface of the maxillary canine is
positioned at a distance of 9 mm.

10

Step 3 Select the appropriate age group of the

teeth according to the incisal wear and
facial curvature characteristics of the ante­rior teeth.

2] Contact point of the two central incisors:
The labial surface of the central incisors is located

at a distance of approx. 7 mm from the centre of
the incisive papilla.

Based on the length of the curve passing through
these three reference points, you can select an anterior
set of appropriate width by means of the tooth mould
chart.

As guides for designing the prosthetic reconstruction it is

advisable to use previous models or photographs of the patient. In
addition to the position of the teeth, the tooth shape can be adapted
to the original appearance of the patient.

mould and shade selectIon

Anterior teeth – Mould selection

The maxillary anterior moulds offer a special advantage: They are grouped according to age-specific
characteristics. To facilitate mould selection, the moulds are arranged in a logical order and
labelled with an easily identifiable code.

– The first character (letter) represents shape: S = Soft B = Bold
– The second character represents age group: 6 = youthful; 7 = universal; 8 = mature
– The third character represents size: 1 = small; 2 = medium; 3 = large

S OFT

small

medium

large

Please refer to the SR Phonares II tooth mould chart for an accurately dimensioned representation of the moulds.

S61

S62

S63

YOUTHFUL UNIVERSAL MATURE

S71

S72

S73

S81

S82

S83

small

medium

large

B61

B62

B63

YOUTHFUL UNIVERSAL MATURE

BOLD

B71

B72

B73

Posterior mould selection

The size of the posterior teeth is selected in line with the anterior tooth moulds determined during
the preceding stage. A variety of posterior tooth moulds are available to meet the specific require­ments of individual indications and to provide patients with dentures that best satisfy their needs.

SR Phonares II Typ SR Phonares II Lingual

B81

B82

B83

The Typ moulds are the classic denture teeth for:

• Complete dentures

• Partial dentures

• Hybrid dentures

The Lingual moulds are designed for lingualized
occlusion. They are suitable for universal application in
dental prosthetics and offer particular advantages in
implant-supported removable dentures where the lin­gualized occlusion scheme provides enhanced stability.

Shade selection

Shade selection should be performed on the patient under defined light
conditions (5500K colour temperature) or in daylight. An accompanying shade
guide is available to enable consistent shade selection in compliance with the
A–D shade system. The tooth samples of the SR Phonares II shade guide feature
the same layer structure and material as the original teeth. Shade deviations are therefore
minimized. Shade selection may also be performed with an Ivoclar Vivadent A–D shade guide.

11

model orIentatIon

The transfer of the patient's specific jaw relations with the individually adjustable UTS 3D facebow
is an essential step to achieve functionally effective dentures. The accessories of the Stratos articulator
range also allow average-value mounting of the casts.

Average-value model orientation Individual model orientation

Use a horizontal guide to achieve average-value
orientation of the mandibular cast to the articulator.

The Gnathometer M assists in the correct final recording of the relationship of the upper and
lower jaw.

Utilize the UTS 3D transferbow for skull-related
individual model orientation.

We recommend using a 2D or 2.5D template.

A 3D template should be used for
the setup in conjunction with a
skull-related model orientation.

NOTE

Ivoclar Vivadent recommends Centric Tray for a preliminary centric bite registration. This

method allows the occlusal rims to be ideally dimensioned in line with the patient-specific
oral situation and to optimally place the bite pattern.

12

Model analysis: Maxilla

model analysIs

Marking:

Raphe median plane

Relevance:

Reference plane for the transversal
symmetry of the anterior setup

Marking:

Centre of the incisive papilla

Relevance:

• Anatomical midline of the upper jaw

• Labial positioning of the central
incisors at a distance of

approx. 7 mm sagitally

Marking:

First large pair of rugae

Relevance:

Labial positioning of the canine teeth at
a distance of approx. 9 mm from the tip
of the rugae

Marking:

Post dam

Relevance:

Posterior palatal limit of the denture base

Marking:

Deepest point of the vestibule

Relevance:

Starting point for measuring the vertical
dimension and the incisal height of the
central incisors

Marking:

Crest of the alveolar ridge

Relevance:

Provides orientation in the determination
of the bite type

Model analysis: Mandible

Marking:

Upper third of the retromolar pad

Relevance:

• Positioning of the template on the
dorsal aspect (corresponds to the
height of the occlusal plane)

• Dorsal positioning of the lateral
wings of the horizontal guide

Marking:

Deepest point of the vestibule

Relevance:

Starting point for measuring the total
vertical dimension

Marking:

Pound's line

Relevance:

Lingual limit of mandibular tooth setup

Marking:

Crest of the alveolar ridge

Relevance:

The central fossae of the posterior teeth
run along this line

Marking:

Anatomical midline of the model

Relevance:

• Bilateral orientation of the anterior
setup

• Positioning of the symphysis fork of
the horizontal guide

13

anterIor tooth setuP

Natural anterior esthetics

SR Phonares embodies a new generation of anterior teeth
that deliver lifelike esthetics in prosthetic dentistry.

The texture of the labial surfaces reproduces the mild
ripple effect (perikymata) seen on natural enamel surfaces.
The perikymata lend a natural vitality to the tooth moulds.

The design of the anterior arch has a decisive effect on the
facial appearance of the patient.

The SR Phonares anterior teeth are suitable for various
anterior setup techniques, ranging from classic to highly
individualized. This allows you to achieve an anterior setup
that matches the natural esthetic characteristics of the
individual patient.

14

anterIor tooth setuP

Set & Fit

The Set & Fit design is based on convex distal margins and concave mesial proximal surfaces,
which interlock like a joint. The Set & Fit technique ensures the natural closure of interdental
spaces. This facilitates denture hygiene and enhances the esthetic appearance.

Black triangles are reduced from occurring at the cervical portion due to the wide tooth necks,
regardless of which setup technique is chosen; the gingival portions of the dentures can be designed
to look more natural. In addition, metal structures and abutments are covered more reliably.

Setup variations

The SR Phonares anterior teeth can be set up in a range of variations. The images below should
encourage you to respond to your patients' needs in a more individualized manner.

Harmonious Slightly individualized Highly individualized

15

anterIor tooth setuP

Setup according to model analysis

The incisive papilla provides a reliable reference point for the anterior setup because of its
transverse and sagittal wear resistance.

In a normal bite situation, the central incisors are aligned with the incisive papilla by positioning
the labial surface approx. 7 mm towards the front from the centre of the incisive papilla.

The raphe median plane determines the symmetry axis of the anterior setup in the upper jaw. The
course of the incisal edges of the central incisors is determined by half the height of the overall
vertical dimension plus a 2-mm overlap.

The position of the canine teeth plays a decisive role in achieving a harmonious facial expression.
In the dental arch, the canines are positioned in the area of the first large pair of palatine rugae,
with the labial surface of the maxillary canines being placed at a distance of approx. 9 mm. The
vertical alignment of the canines significantly influences the curvature of the smile line.

After the canines have been positioned, the lateral incisors are placed in the space between the
central incisors and the canines. By slightly rotating or interlocking the lateral incisors, highly
individualized effects can be achieved.

Starting with the canines, the lower incisors are set up in a vertical and sagittal distance that is in
line with the respective occlusal position and bite situation.

You can check if the smile line runs symmetrical to the arch of the lower lip by transferring the
markings on the bite rim to a silicone key.

approx.
7 mm

approx. 9 mm

Please refer to the BPS handbook for a detailed description of the model analysis and anterior setup

16

method.

anterIor tooth setuP

Anterior tooth setup in function

Most conventional denture occlusal schemes suggest a bilateral balanced occlusion in the posterior
region on the working and non-working side and in protrusion.
Guiding contacts during laterotrusion and protrusion are not desirable in the anterior region.

– In general, it is suggested that anterior teeth have approx. 1.5 mm of vertical overlap and

approx. 1.5 mm of horizontal overlap.

– The overlap should be designed in such a way that the anterior teeth are prevented from

contacting in functioning.

– Anterior guidance – as sometimes practised in crown and bridge techniques – is not

recommended for conventional denture prosthetics.

– Anterior contacts during functioning may lead to parafunctions.

CENTRIC PROTRUSION

VERTICAL OVERBITE SAGITTAL OVERBITE

No contact Shear contact

in bilateral balanced occlusion

Anterior setup in implant-supported dentures

Premature contacts can destabilize the dentures during functioning. Even if retention elements, or
implants, ensure increased denture stability, it is advisable to avoid anterior contacts. Patients with
implant-supported restorations are generally capable of exerting higher chewing forces and lack the
necessary proprioceptive feedback to correctly monitor these forces. Therefore, anterior contacts
may have the potential for excessive wear or chipping.

17

PosterIor tooth setuP

Typ

Classic occlusion

The SR Phonares II Typ teeth continue the 40-year-old
success story of the Orthotyp moulds.

The Ivoclar Vivadent "Typ" tooth lines are based on
the principle of group function of the latero- and
mediotrusion side according to Dr Strack.

1:2

The Typ moulds are set up in a one-to-two-tooth rela­tion as in a normal bite situation. Consequently, the
primary contacts in the centric position are located in
the central fossae of the mandible and on the marginal
ridges.

The Typ moulds are supported by a secondary contact
area on the buccal cusps in the mandible.

The SR Phonares II Typ moulds are suitable for universal
application in dental prosthetics.

18

PosterIor tooth setuP

Typ

Setup with a template

Align the template with the height of the distal third of the retromolar pad in the posterior region
and the height of the distal angle of the mandibular canines in the anterior region.

The template ensures that the anterior-posterior (curve
of Spee) and medio-lateral compensating curve (curve
of Wilson) are taken into account. The compensating
curves of the natural dentition are essential for bilateral
balanced group guidance.

When viewed from an occlusal perspective, the central
fossae of the mandibular posterior teeth are positioned
over the crest of the alveolar ridge. The lingual border
of the posterior setup is defined by Pound's line.
Pound's line extends from the mesial corner of the
mandibular canine to the lingual border of the
trigonum on the same side.

The markings on the template assist in achieving a
symmetrical setup. Begin the setup of the mandibular
teeth by positioning the first premolars, followed by
the second premolars, first molars and then second
molars.

Note that both the buccal cusp tips and mesio-lingual
cusps make contact to the template.

The vertical axes of the first and second molars are auto­matically aligned in the process. Viewed from the buccal
side, the axes of the first and second premolars should be
aligned perpendicular to the template.

19

Posterior tooth setuP

Typ

Intercuspation

The maxillary teeth can now be aligned with the
mandibular teeth in a one-tooth-to-two-tooth relation­ship to achieve optimum intercuspation.

• The palatal working cusp of the maxillary premolars
engages the marginal ridges of the mandibular
premolars.

• The alignment of the 1st premolar establishes the
buccal corridor.

• The mesio-palatal working cusp engages the central
fossa of the mandibular 1st molar.

• The distal-palatal working cusp engages the marginal
ridge of its antagonist.

• Viewed from the buccal, the mesio-buccal cusp of the
maxillary 1st molar points towards the mesio-buccal
fissure of its antagonist. This is a typical characteristic
of a classic bite with normal intercuspation.

• The palatal working cusp of the maxillary premolars
engages the marginal ridges of the antagonists.

Maxillary 1st premolar:

Maxillary 1st molar:

Maxillary 2nd premolar:

• The mesio-palatal working cusp engages the central
fossa of the mandibular 2

nd

molar.

Maxillary 2nd molar:

20

Typ

Grinding guidelines

Verifying centric contacts:

1

In complete denture prosthetics, it is generally not
recommended to perform major occlusal adjustments
prior to processing the denture base.

Correct increases in vertical dimension prior to
removing the polymerized dentures from the model.
Make sure the centric lock is engaged.

Occlusal adjustments should be performed using the
following guidelines:

• Do not adjust the working cusps.

• Reduce premature contacts in the antagonist fossa.

After adjusting the occlusal height, re-establish all the
centric contacts as determined by the setup.

POSTERIOR TOOTH SETUP

Areas of adjustment to establish centric contacts:

apply contacts
by grinding

do not grind

Adjusting functional movement:

2

Relatively large guiding contacts are desirable to ensure
a balanced occlusion within the functional range.

The following adjustment guidelines are recommended:

• Centric contacts: do not adjust

• Working side (laterotrusion): adjust mesio-buccal
cusps in the maxilla and lingual cusps in the mandible

• Non-working side (mediotrusion): adjust mesio-
buccal cusps in the mandible

• Protrusion: adjust disto-buccal cusps in the maxilla
and mesio-buccal cusps in the mandible

• Retrusion: adjust mesio-buccal cusps in the maxilla
and disto-buccal cusps in the mandible

The incisal edges of anterior teeth should be ground
from the palatal side in the maxilla and from the labial
side in the mandible, in accordance with the wear pattern
occurring in the natural dentition.

Non-working side Working side

21

POSTERIOR TOOTH SETUP

Lingual

Lingualized occlusion

The basic characteristics of lingualized occlusion have
been incorporated into the design of the SR Phonares II
Lingual moulds.

The maxillary palatal cusps provide centric contacts
which articulate to the respective mandibular fossae.
The buccal cusps are not set in contact.
An additional buccal contact may be established on the
first premolars for esthetic reasons.

1:1

The marginal ridges of the
Lingual moulds have been
given reduced contours so
that the maxillary palatal
cusps remain free during
protrusive or retrusive
movements.

optional

Depending on the occlu­sal position and the setup
of the anterior arch, it is
possible to establish a
one-to-two intercuspation.

1:2

22

POSTERIOR TOOTH SETUP

Lingual

Setup with a template

In the mandible, the teeth can be set up in either one of two versions: setup with or setup with­out curve of Wilson. Since all working contacts are lingualized and the buccal surfaces do not
occlude, there is some scope for variation in the degree of the curve of Wilson.

Align the template with the height of the distal third of the retromolar pad in the posterior region
and the height of the distal angle of the mandibular canines in the anterior region.

Setup method WITHOUT curve of Wilson

The buccal cusps do not touch the template in this
setup method. Make sure that the buccal and lingual
cusp tips are on the same plane.

The fissure centre of the mandibular posterior teeth is
aligned with the alveolar ridge. The mandibular
posteriors must not extend beyond Pound's line towards
the lingual.

The contacts to the template are concentrated on the
lingual cusp tips to achieve a setup that has only a
sagittal compensating curve. Viewed from the buccal,
the axis of the posterior teeth should be aligned
perpendicular to the template.

To achieve a horizontal alignment of the cusp tips on
the first premolar, the buccal cusp may be brought into
contact with the template.

optional

Setup method WITH curve of Wilson

If the curve of Wilson is taken into account in the set­up of the Lingual moulds, contacts between the
template and the buccal and lingual cusps are required.

23

POSTERIOR TOOTH SETUP

Lingual

Intercuspation

The maxillary teeth can now be aligned with the
mandibular teeth in a one-tooth-to-one-tooth relation­ship to achieve optimum intercuspation.

As an option, it is possible to establish a contact
relation between the mandibular buccal cusp and the
central fossa of the maxillary premolar to achieve an
esthetic transition from the canines to the premolars
and to establish a buccal corridor.

• After the mandibular teeth have been set up in
compliance with the findings of the model analysis,
the mandibular 1st molar is usually positioned at the
lowest point of the alveolar ridge. The lingual cusps
of the maxillary molar form the static chewing centre.

• The palatal cusp of the maxillary premolar engages
the fossa of the mandibular premolar.

Maxillary 1st premolar:

Maxillary 1st molar:

Maxillary 2nd premolar:

• The distance between the buccal cusps increases
along the dental arch due to the Monson curve.

24

Maxillary 2nd molar:

Lingual

Grinding guidelines

Verifying centric contacts:

1

In complete denture prosthetics, it is generally not
recommended to perform major occlusal adjustments
prior to processing the denture base.

Correct increases in vertical dimension prior to
removing the polymerized dentures from the model.
Make sure the centric lock is engaged.

Occlusal adjustments should be performed using the
following guidelines:

• Do not adjust the working cusps.

• Reduce premature contacts in the antagonist fossa.

POSTERIOR TOOTH SETUP

After adjusting the occlusal height, re-establish all the
centric contacts as determined by the setup.

Adjusting functional movement:

2

Guiding contacts are desirable to ensure a lingualized
occlusion within the functional range.

The following adjustment guidelines are recommended:

• Centric contacts: do not adjust

• Working side (laterotrusion): adjust buccal facing
inclines of lingual cusps

• Non-working side (mediotrusion): adjust lingual
facing inclines of buccal cusps

Non-working side Working side

25

COMPLETION

Minimum layer thickness

It may be necessary to reduce denture tooth material to accommodate different model settings or
to adjust SR Phonares for telescopic/combination work. The structural integrity and shade effect of
the tooth must be preserved.
It is suggested that a minimum thickness be maintained.

2.5 mm

1.5 mm

Anterior teeth:

• grinding of tooth material for retentions or for

placing structural elements: minimum of 1.5 mm

2.0 mm

1.5 mm

Posterior teeth:

• in the central fossa: minimum 2.0 mm

• in the cusp: minimum 2.5 mm

• in the cervical area: minimum 1.5 mm

Facial incisal Nano-Hybrid Composite
Dentin core Nano-Hybrid Composite
Neck PMMA
Back incisal PMMA

26

Bonding between tooth and denture base

COMPLETION

SR Phonares II

Denture
base

IvoBase
IvoBase® High Impact

SR Ivocap®
High Impact

ProBase® Hot

ProBase® Cold

®

Hybrid

Bonding between tooth and C&B veneering materials

SR Phonares II

C&B
materials

NHC

(Incisal and dentin core)

OR

OR

OR

OR

NHC

(Incisal and dentin core)

PMMA

(Back incisal and neck)

Bond Conditioning

++

++

++

++ ++

OR

OR

OR

OR

PMMA

(Back incisal and neck)

Bond Conditioning

Bond Conditioning

+++

+++

+++

Bond Conditioning

SR Nexco

Telio® Lab

SR Ivocron

+++

++

++

®

Cold

OR

OR

OR

OR OR

Applying
retentions by
grinding

+++

++

++

Wetting

OR

OR

OR

ConditioningCleaning Roughening

++ good +++ very good

Metal bonding

1. Condition the metal surface with SR Link

Roughen the metal surface by sandblasting it with Al2O3 (100 µm, max. 2 bar/29 psi). Apply SR Link onto the

cleaned surface using a brush and allow to react on the metal surface for 3 minutes.

2. Opaque the metal surface

Both tooth- and gingiva-coloured opaquer pastes from the SR Nexco range of materials are available to

opaque the metal surface. Apply the opaquer with a brush and then light-cure according to the Instructions
for Use. To avoid the formation of smears, remove the inhibition layer of the opaquer with monomer. As an
alternative, the powder-based opaquer (Intensive Opaquer) of the SR Chromasit® range of materials may be
used.

Please refer to the Instructions for Use of the respective material for more detailed information.

27

COMPLETION

Surface conditioning

Appropriate treatment of the substrate surface is essential to ensure an effective and durable bond. Select the
individual working steps according to the materials in need of bonding.

1. CLEANING

2. ROUGHENING

OR

3. APPLYING RETENTIONS BY GRINDING

Note:

• This step is only
necessary if the teeth
are bonded to cold­curing materials.

4. WETTING

MONOMER

5. CONDITIONING

Note:

• This step is only
necessary when

OR

28

bonding to composite
materials.

COMPLETION

Ensure that surfaces are free of dust, moisture and grease
before conditioning them. For this purpose, each individual
tooth should be cleaned with a steam cleaner and residual

Roughen the bonding surfaces either with a cross-cut
tungsten carbide bur or by abrasive blasting with Al

2O3

(grit
size: 50–100 µm) at a pressure of 1–2 bar (15–29 psi). The
tooth necks should also be carefully roughened. Use
compressed air to remove residual abrasive dust.

If the SR Phonares teeth are bonded to an auto-curing
denture base material, it is necessary to apply mechanical
retentions by grinding. The retentions are best performed

wax should be removed. When applying compressed air,
make sure that the system is free of oil.

Note:

• The difference between PMMA and NHC material can be
easily recognized during grinding: PMMA is softer and
produces shavings, while NHC is harder and produces
grinding dust. *

PMMA

with a round spherical bur to avoid sharp edges. Undercuts
can be created by swivelling the bur head.
Avoid excessive heat build-up when grinding.

NHC

After cleaning and roughening, wet the bonding surfaces
with monomer to allow the resin to expand and consequently
to strengthen the chemical bond. Use a brush to apply the

Note:

• After wetting with monomer, the teeth may no longer be

steam-cleaned.
monomer selectively. Next, allow the monomer-wetted areas
to react for approx. 3 minutes. Avoid contamination after the
reaction time has elapsed.

A bonding agent is required for bonding the teeth to veneering
composites. Two bonding agents are suitable for this purpose:

1. Apply SR Connect onto the "bonding site" in a thin layer

and allow to react for 3 minutes. Then pre-polymerize in a
light polymerization unit according to the Instructions for
Use of SR Nexco.

2. Apply SR Composiv directly from the syringe onto the

"bonding site" and distribute to an even layer using a

thickness of at least 0.2 mm and no thicker than 0.5 mm.
The working time is approx. 3 minutes. Then, polymerize

the material in an Ivoclar Vivadent light-curing unit:
– Quick (60 s)
– Lumamat 100 (11 min)
– Spectramat (4 min)
Please refer to the Instructions for Use of the respective
material/device for more detailed information.

spatula or disposable brush. Apply the material in a layer

* Avoid breathing in grinding dust – use dust evacuation equipment and breathing protection.

29

COMPLETION

Completion

Accuracy of fit is decisive for achieving high-quality dentures. We recommend using the innovative
IvoBase® injection system. This system ensures that the chemical shrinkage of the resin is compen­sated by the flow of additional material in a fully automated injection moulding process.

The high-quality auto-curing polymer material is characterized by excellent accuracy of fit and very
low residual monomer content. IvoBase is ideally combined with the SR Phonares teeth to create
high-quality dentures.

Important notes

• It is important to cover the teeth in a thin layer of A-silicone when they are invested in the flask
to protect them from damage.

• Do not divest the dentures with a hammer; the impact of the hammer may damage the teeth.

• Thermoplastic injection moulding processes (e.g. Polyapress, Valplast) use temperatures of
> 200 °C (392 °F). These temperatures may cause damage to the tooth material. Combining
these materials is not recommended. SR Phonares teeth are durable up to 150 °C (302 °F) and
dimensionally stable up to 110 °C (230 °F).

Implant shades for implant prosthetics

Ivoclar Vivadent has developed a special range of shades for implant-retained restorations: the
Implant Shades. These shades feature an increased degree of opacity and therefore offer excellent
masking capabilities and a convenient shade effect, even if applied in only thin layers.

30

COMPLETION

Finishing / Polishing

The following guidelines should be observed when processing the SR Phonares teeth:

PROCESSING IN THE LABORATORY

• After modifying the denture tooth with PMMA or composite, remove polymerized excess
material with a finishing diamond (grit size < 25 microns) and/or an elastic disc.

• After functional adjustments: Use cross-cut burs to remove material, do not use diamond discs
or abrasive stones.

• Pre-polishing: Polish ground surfaces with silicone polishers that are suitable for composite or
ceramic materials.

High-gloss polishing: Use composite polishing material (e.g. Ivoclar Vivadent Universal

Polishing Paste) and a goat's hair brush for final polishing.

• Using glaze varnish or denture cleaning spray is not recommended.

• Do not expose the teeth to a flame or direct heat.

• Do not press too hard against tooth surfaces to avoid heat build-up when processing the
teeth.

• We recommend using mouth protection and, if possible, suction equipment to avoid breathing
in grinding dust.

Processing in the dental practice

• Processed tooth surfaces should demonstrate a polished surface finish before placement. Use
silicone polishers (e.g. Astropol®, Astrobrush) for final polishing.

Denture care instructions for patients

• Thoroughly clean the dentures with a denture brush, soap/toothpaste/non­abrasive denture cleaning paste and warm water twice daily, every morning and
every evening.

• Soaking the dentures in cleaning solution is not sufficient to remove bacteria.

• It is advisable to use an ultrasonic denture cleaner to clean your dentures.

• After each meal, rinse your dentures and your mouth, with the dentures removed,
with water.

• Do not soak or clean the dentures in pure alcohol (or solvent). Alcohol or solvent
may attack the denture base or tooth material and cause white staining.

• Do not use washing-up or dishwashing liquid to clean the dentures.

• Never clean your dentures in hot boiling water or in a dishwasher and never boil
your dentures.

• Have your dentures professionally cleaned by your dentist if hard deposits have
built up on them.

31

IMPLANT PROSTHETICS

The SR Phonares teeth have been designed for implant prosthetics. This
means that the specific requirements of removable implant- supported
dentures have been incorporated into the design of the tooth moulds
and materials.

The sequence of steps to create a removable implant-retained
restoration follows the conventional rules of complete denture
prosthetics. However, there is a difference: Implant-supported
dentures have to withstand significantly higher forces that are exerted
on complex constructions involving several components. The teeth
and occlusal scheme are the components that transmit the chewing
forces. As in complete denture prosthetics, it is suggested that an
occlusal scheme that involves simultaneous working and non-working
contacts (group contacts) and eliminates anterior contacts during
excursive movements be applied.

The type of anchorage, i.e. the location of the superstructure,
presents another key element in the distribution of forces because
this plays a central role in the control of the chewing forces.
Basically, implant-retained restorations can be classified by the type of
anchorage into two categories: implant/tissue-supported dentures
and purely implant-supported dentures. Purely implant-supported
bridge constructions are exposed to essentially elevated chewing
forces because the patient cannot properly monitor these forces. This
fact should be considered and particular care should be applied in the
design of the tooth replacement.

32

Removable implant prosthetics workflow

IMPLANT PROSTHETICS

Dental practice

Implantation

Preliminary impression-taking

Implant impression-taking

Registration

Dental laboratory

Planning

Customized

impression tray

Master model

Wax set-up and

framework fabrication

Try-in

Placement

Recall

Completion

33

IMPLANT PROSTHETICS

Implant prosthetics defines new requirements
for the materials and techniques used in dental
technology.

The periodontium is able to absorb some of the forces
to which restorations on natural abutments are
exposed.

In implant-supported dentures, however, these forces
are not cushioned by the periodontal ligament. The
proprioceptive feedback is reduced and edentulous
patients with implant-supported restorations are
capable of exerting significantly higher chewing forces
than patients with natural abutments.

Cross-section:
Removable restoration on
mandibular implant with tertiary
construction

Force vector

Dental prostheses are constantly exposed to shear,
compressive and tensile forces. Compressive forces,
however, affect the implant interface substantially less
than the torque resulting from tensile or shear forces.

The SR Phonares II Lingual moulds are particularly
suitable for implant-supported prosthetics:

• As most occlusal contact is centralized, denture
stability is enhanced.

• The masticatory forces can be directed to the implant
by a force vector in the longitudinal axis. This results
in a reduction of the shear and tensile forces.

• The occlusal design of the mandibular Lingual mould
is characterized by a widened occlusal table, reduced
marginal ridges and freeway space in the centric
position. As a result, high lateral forces are avoided.

• The specially developed Nano Hybrid Composite
offers excellent wear resistance.

Lingualized
contact

Rationale for choices of occlusal schemes for complete dentures supported by
Implants, Nikolopoulou, Ktene-Aqapitou, Journal of Oral Implantology,
Vol. XXXII/ No. Four/2006

34

Implant prosthetics requires the coordination of
different types of materials.

The SR Phonares II is composed of NHC and PMMA
material.
The graph below shows the wide range of materials
involved in implant-supported removable restorations.
It is essential that the materials are compatible with
each other to ensure that the restoration offers
optimum stability and longevity.

Superstructure

Nano-Hybrid Composite
(SR Phonares II)

IMPLANT PROSTHETICS

FACTS

• In the natural dentition,
the Sharpey's fibres are responsible for
anchoring the teeth to the alveolar
bone. The gap created by the perio­dontal ligament is approx. 0.15 to 0.2
mm in width. Natural teeth are 10 to
100 times more flexible than osseo­integrated implants.1

• The threshold of tactile perception is
10 times higher for implants than for
natural teeth.

1)

Spiekermann (1993)

2)

Keller D, Hämmerle CH, Lang NP., Thresholds
for tactile sensitivity perceived with dental
implants remain unchanged during a healing
phase of 3 months., Clin Oral Implants Res. 1996
Mar;7(1):48-54.

2

Superstructure

Nano-Hybrid Composite
(SR Phonares II)

Lab composite material

Composite
(e.g. SR Nexco)

Bonding agent

Composite
(e.g. SR Connector)

Opaquer

Composite
(e.g. SR Nexco)

Metal bonding agent

(e.g. SR Link)

Superstructure

Polymethyl methacrylate
(e.g. SR Phonares II)

Superstructure

Polymethyl methacrylate
(SR Phonares II)

Tertiary framework

Cobalt-chromium alloy
(e.g. Colado

Bonding agent

Luting composite
(e.g. Monobond® Plus/
Multilink® Implant)

Secondary element

Gold (electroplating technique)

Denture base

Polymethyl methacrylate
(e.g. IvoBase)

®

CC)

Mesostructure (2° milled)

Precious metal alloy
(e.g. Academy Gold XH)

Schematic diagram: implant-supported removable restoration with tertiary construction

35

IMPLANT PROSTHETICS

A systematic approach to removable implant prosthetics encompasses the entire workflow – from planning to follow-up care. Such a system should be especially designed
to meet the specific requirements of implant prosthetics and coordinate the procedures in the dental practice and laboratory. The following recommendations in particular
should be observed along the prosthetics workflow to ensure that the result ing restorations are capable of withstanding the increased mechanical forces impacting on them.

• Use an X-ray template with functionally
set up denture teeth (SR Vivo TAC /
SR Ortho TAC teeth) for determining
the correct position of the implants.

• Aim for as much soft-tissue support of
the prosthesis as possible.

• Align the implant axis to the centric
contacts of the teeth.

• Gather as much patient-specific
information as possible (facebow,
centric registration).

implanTaTion planning

• During implant insertion, carefully con­sider the location, position and number
of implants to achieve a functional
result.

• In particular, observe the instructions of
the implant/prosthetics manufacturer.

Temporary
resToraTion

• Check the passive fit of the framework
on the model.

• Join the tertiary structure with the
mesostructure in vivo.

"The following factors are critical for
the success of implant-supported BPS
dentures:
individualized registration according to
BPS, titanium-based superstructure and
close cooperation between dentist and
technician."

Dr Giovanni Molina, Dentist, Mexico

36

IMPLANT PROSTHETICS

permanenT
resToraTion

• Use a retention pin to support
SR Phonares II on the framework.

• Select a framework alloy with a high
modulus of elasticity (e.g. Callisto
Implant 60)

• Use a high-impact denture base
material.

• Avoid single contact points or anterior
contacts during function.

• Observe a minimum thickness of 2 mm
for the denture base.

• Avoid large occlusal screw channel
openings to prevent loss of tooth
material.

placemenT

• Check for balanced occlusion in vivo
and, if necessary, adjust and polish
according to the guidelines.

recall

• Reline the dentures to ensure a healthy
soft tissue support.

• Plan recall appointments at short
intervals to check the functionality
of the dentures and to clean them
professionally.

37

GENERAL INFORMATION

Additional information

SR Phonares II is part of BPS, the state­of-the-art brand prosthetic system,
which offers customized lab marketing
and professional support by specialized
BPS consultants.

The International Center for Dental
Education (ICDE) offers continuing
education courses on SR Phonares II.

Further information on BPS and
SR Phonares II can be obtained from
Ivoclar Vivadent or from the company's
website at:

www.ivoclarvivadent.com

Literature reference

• Handbook of Complete
Denture Prosthetics,
Ivoclar Vivadent, 1994

• BPS-Totalprothetik, Kurt Fiedler,

Verlag Neuer Merkur GmbH, 2003

• Mavroskoufis, F.; Ritchie, GM.:

The face-form as a guide for the

selection of maxillary central incisors.

J Prosthet Dent. 1980 May;

43(5):501-5

• Mavroskoufis, F.; Ritchie, GM.:

Nasal width and incisive papilla

as guides for the selection and
arrangement of maxillary anterior
teeth.

J Prosthet Dent. 1981 Jun;45(6).592-7

Safety information

• These materials have been developed solely for use
in dentistry. Processing should be carried out strictly
according to the Instructions for Use. Liability cannot
be accepted for damages resulting from failure to
observe the Instructions or the stipulated area of use.
The user is responsible for testing the materials for
their suitability and use for any purpose not
explicitly stated in the Instructions.

• Do not use if the patient is known to be allergic to
any component of the product.

• Store out of the reach of children.

38

Delivery forms

®

SR Phonares

18 upper anterior moulds
6 lower anterior moulds

Shade selection

16 A–D shades
4 Bleach shades

II

SR Phonares® II Typ

3 maxillary sets
3 mandibular sets

GENERAL INFORMATION

SR Phonares® II Lingual

3 maxillary sets
3 mandibular sets

Physical values

Test method Example value Example value Example value
Incisal Dentin Neck and
back incisal

Flexural strength ISO 10477 MPa > 100 > 120 > 120
Modulus of elasticity ISO 10477 MPa > 3800 > 4200 > 3000
Ball indentation hardness ISO 2039-1 MPa > 200 > 200 > 170
Water absorption ISO 10477 µg/mm
Water solubility ISO 10477 µg/mm
Vickers hardness HV 0.5/30 Internal directive MPa > 240 > 240 > 190

3

< 36 < 34 < 26

3

< 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1

39

Ivoclar Vivadent – worldwide

Ivoclar Vivadent AG

Bendererstrasse 2
FL-9494 Schaan
Liechtenstein
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
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Ivoclar Vivadent Pty. Ltd.

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Pvt. Ltd.

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This prodct forms part of our Implant Esthetics
competence area. All the products from
this area are optimally coordinated with
each other.

EN ISO 22112

Date data prepared: 03/2012 REV.0

These materials have been developed solely for use in dentistry. Processing should be carried out strictly
accord ing to the Instructions for Use. Liability cannot be accepted for damages resulting from failure to
observe the Instructions or the stipulated area of use. The user is responsible for testing the materials for their
suitability and use for any purpose not explicitly stated in the Instructions. These regulations also apply if the
materials are mixed or used in conjunction with products of other manufacturers.

© Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan / Liechtenstein
644197/12-04-2012/e