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Reg.-No. 4343-01
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Wir erklären in alleiniger Verantwortung, dass dieses Produkt den Bestimmungen der Richtlinien 89 / 336 / EG und 73 / 23 / EG entspricht und mit folgenden Normen und normativen Dokumenten übereinstimmt: DIN EN IEC 61 010-1 and DIN EN IEC 61326-1.
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We declare under our sole responsibility that this product corresponds to the regulations 89 / 336 / EEC and 73 / 23 / EEC and conforms with the standards or standardized documents: DIN EN IEC 61 010-1 and DIN EN IEC 61326-1.
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Nous déclarons sous notre responsabilité que se prodiut est conforme aux réglementations 89 / 336 / CEE et 73 / 23 / CEE et en conformité avec les normes ou documents normalisés suivant: DIN EN IEC 61 010-1 et DIN EN IEC 61326-1.
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Declaramos por nuestra responsabilidad propia que este produkto corresponde a las directrices 89 / 336 / CEE y 73 / 23 / CEE y que cumple las normas o documentos normativos siguientes: DIN EN IEC 61 010-1 y DIN EN IEC 61326-1.
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Dichiariamo, assumendone la piena responsabilità, che il prodotto è conforme alle seguenti direttive 89 / 336 / CCE e 73 / 23 / CCE, in accordo ai seguenti regolamenti e documenti: DIN EN IEC 61 010-1 y DIN EN IEC 61326-1.
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ThisKHDOWKsymbolDQG VDIHW\identifies information WKDW LV RI DEVROXWH LPSRUWDQFH WR HQVXUH \RXU
Failure to observe this information may be detrimental to your health or may result in injuries.
This symbol identifies information WKDW LV RI LPSRUWDQW WR HQVXUH SUREOHP IUHH WHFKQLFDO RSHUDWLRQ RI WKH GHYLFH Failure to observe this information may result in
damage to the calorimeter system.
This symbol identifies information that is important to ensure problem-free operation of calorimetric measurements and for working with the calorimeter system. Failure to observe this information may result in inaccurate measurement results.
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2.1 |
Notes on using the operating instructions....................................... |
2-1 |
2.2 |
Warranty ....................................................................................... |
2-1 |
2.3 |
Warranty and liability ..................................................................... |
2-2 |
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3.1 |
Determining the gross calorific value ............................................. |
3-1 |
3.2 |
Corrections ................................................................................... |
3-2 |
3.3 |
Complete combustion .................................................................... |
3-3 |
3.4 |
Calibration .................................................................................... |
3-4 |
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5.1 |
Conditions for transportation and storage....................................... |
5-1 |
5.2 |
Setup location ............................................................................... |
5-1 |
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6.1 |
Included with delivery .................................................................... |
6-1 |
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7.1 |
Controller with measurement cell ................................................... |
7-1 |
7.2 |
C 5002 cooling system .................................................................. |
7-7 |
7.3 |
C 5001 cooling system .................................................................. |
7-8 |
7.4 |
C 5004 cooling system .................................................................. |
7-9 |
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8.1 |
Setting up package 1..................................................................... |
8-2 |
8.2 |
Setting up package 2..................................................................... |
8-5 |
8.3 |
Setting up package 3..................................................................... |
8-6 |
8.4 |
Connection oxygen supply ............................................................. |
8-9 |
8.5 |
Connecting peripheral devices ..................................................... |
8-10 |
8.6 |
Filling the system circuit .............................................................. |
8-11 |
8.7 |
Control and display elements....................................................... |
8-15 |
8.8 |
Turning on the system ................................................................. |
8-18 |
8.9 |
Configuring the system ................................................................ |
8-20 |
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9.1 |
Charging the decomposition vessel with the calibration substance .. |
9-2 |
9.2 |
Calibration .................................................................................... |
9-7 |
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10.1 |
Notes on the sample ................................................................... |
10-1 |
10.2 |
Acid correction ............................................................................ |
10-2 |
10.3 |
Procedure for determining gross calorific value ............................ |
10-3 |
10.4 |
Cleaning the decomposition vessel .............................................. |
10-6 |
10.5 |
Turning off the system ................................................................. |
10-7 |
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11.1 |
Post-processing experiments ....................................................... |
11-1 |
11.2 |
Calculating reference states / evaluation of experiments .............. |
11-4 |
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13.1 |
Sieve insert ................................................................................. |
13-1 |
13.2 |
Changing the water ..................................................................... |
13-2 |
13.3 |
Replacing the inner cover / O2 filling piston ................................. |
13-4 |
13.4 |
Replacing the O2 seal ................................................................. |
13-5 |
13.5 |
Decomposition vessels ................................................................ |
13-5 |
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14.1 |
Maintenance menu ...................................................................... |
14-1 |
14.2 |
Malfunction situations.................................................................. |
14-2 |
14.3 |
Performing an adjustment (adiabatic mode) ................................. |
14-6 |
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15.1 |
Accessories ................................................................................ |
15-1 |
15.2 |
Consumables .............................................................................. |
15-1 |
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16.1 |
Technical data for the controller................................................... |
16-1 |
16.2 |
Technical data on the C 5003 measurement cell .......................... |
16-1 |
16.3 |
Technical data for the C 5001 cooling system .............................. |
16-2 |
16.4 |
Technical data for the C 5002 cooling system .............................. |
16-2 |
16.5 |
Technical data for the C 5004 cooling system .............................. |
16-2 |
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17.1 |
Calculations for calibration .......................................................... |
17-1 |
17.2 |
Calculations during an experiment ............................................... |
17-1 |
17.3 |
“Standard without titration” mode ................................................. |
17-2 |
17.4 |
“Standard with titration” mode...................................................... |
17-2 |
17.5 |
“Carbon: H2 input, without titration” mode .................................... |
17-3 |
17.6 |
“Carbon: H2 input, with titration” mode......................................... |
17-5 |
17.7 |
“Carbon: volatile input, without titration” mode ............................. |
17-7 |
17.8 |
“Carbon: volatile input, with titration” mode .................................. |
17-8 |
17.9 |
Formula symbols ....................................................................... |
17-11 |
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In order to be able to use the appliance properly and safely, every user must first read the operating instructions and observe the safety instructions contained therein. Take care of these operating instructions and keep them in a place where they can be accessed by everyone.
The C 5000 calorimeter system may only be used to determine the gross calorific value of solid and liquid materials in accordance with DIN 51900, BS 1016 T5, ISO 1928, ASTM 5468, ASTM 5865 and ASTM 4809. For this purpose, use only original IKAâ decomposition vessels C 5010 and C 5012. For further details please see the operating instructions of the decomposition vessels C 5010 and C 5012.
The maximum amount of energy input into the decomposition vessel must not ex-
ceed - (select the weight of the sample accordingly). The permissible operating pressure of EDU 0SD must not be exceeded. The maximum permissi-
ble operating temperature must not exceed ƒ&.
Do not fill the decomposition vessel too full of the sample. Only fill the decomposition vessel with oxygen up to a maximum pressure of EDU 0SD . Monitor the adjusted pressure on the pressure reducer of your oxygen supply. Perform a leakage test before every combustion (please observe the operating instructions of the decomposition vessels C 5010 and C 5012, chapter ”Leakage test”).
Many substances tend to combust in an explosive manner (for example because of
the formation of peroxide). This may cause the decomposition vessel to burst.
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Substances of which the combustion behavior is not known must be examined for
their combustion behavior before combustion in the decomposition vessel C 5010 or C 5012 (danger of explosion). If you are burning XQNQRZQ VDPSOHV, leave the room or NHHS D VDIH GLVWDQFH between you and the calorimeter.
Benzoic acid must only be burned in the form of pellets! Combustible dust and powder must be compressed into pellets before combustion. Oven-dry dust and powder such as wood chips, hay, straw, etc. burn in an explosive manner! They must be moistened first! Readily combustible liquids with a low vapor pressure must not be come in direct contact with the cotton thread (for example tetramethyl dihydrogen disiloxan)!
In addition, toxic residues of combustion are possible in the form of gases, ash or precipitates on the inner wall of the decomposition vessel, for example.
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When handling combustion samples, combustion residues and auxiliary materials, the appropriate safety requirements must be observed. The following are examples of substances that may cause dangers:
–corrosive
–easily flammable
–capable of exploding
–contaminated with bacteria
–toxic
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When working with oxygen, observe the appropriate requirements.
Danger warning: As a compressed gas, oxygen promotes combustion, supports
combustion intensively and may react violently with combustible substances.
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Keep all gas lines and screw connections that carry oxygen free from grease. Observe the accident prevention requirements applicable to the activity and the work station.
Close the main valve on the oxygen supply when work is complete. Only carry out maintenance work when the system is depressurised.
When using crucibles made of stainless steel, their condition should be carefully checked after every experiment.
A reduction in the thickness of the material may cause the crucible to burn and may damage the decomposition vessel. For reasons of safety, crucibles must not be used any more after a maximum of 25 combustion procedures.
Caution - Magnetism! Effects of the magnetic field have to be taken into account (e.g. data storage media, cardiac pacemakers ...).
The decomposition vessels C 5010 und C 5012 are manufactured in accordance
with the regulation for pressure vessels 97/ 23/ CEE. This can be recognized from the V\PERO &( with the identifying number of the testing station named. The de-
composition vessel is a pressure device of Category III. The decomposition vessel has been subjected to an CEE prototype test. The CE-declaration of conformity represents our guarantee to you that this decomposition vessel complies with the pressure device described in the CEE prototype test certificate. The decomposition vessel has been subjected to a pressure test at a test pressure of EDU and a leak-
age test with oxygen at 30 bar.
Decomposition vessels are H[SHULPHQW DXWRFODYHV and must be tested by a SUR IHVVLRQDOO\ WUDLQHG SHUVRQ each time before they are used.
An individual application is understood here to mean a series of experiments that are performed under roughly the same conditions in terms of pressure and temperature experiment autoclaves must be operated in special chambers (C 2000, C 5000).
The decomposition vessel must be subject to repeated tests (internal tests and pressure tests) by a person with professional training. The intervals between tests must be determined by the operator based on experience, operating manner and
the material used in the decomposition vessel.
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The WKUHDGLQJ on the body of the decomposition vessel and cap screw in particular
are subject to a high level of mechanical stress and must therefore be monitored regularly for ZHDU DQG WHDU.
The condition of the seals must be checked for functionality must be ensured by means of a test for leaks (please observe the operating instructions of the decomposition vessels C 5010 and C 5012, chapter “Leakage testº).
Pressure tests and service tasks on the decomposition vessel must only be per-
formed by persons with professional training.
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A person with professional training as defined in these operating instructions is someone
1.whose training, knowledge and experience gained through practical activities ensures that that person will perform the tests in a proper manner.
2.who is sufficiently reliable
3.who is not subject to any instructions in terms of testing activity
4.who is equipped with suitable testing equipment if necessary
5.who can provide suitable proof demonstrating compliance with the requirements listed in 1.
National regulations and laws for operating pressure containers must be observed! Anyone who operates a pressure container must maintain it in proper condition, must monitor it and perform necessary maintenance and repair tasks without delay,
and must take measures appropriate for the circumstances to ensure safety. $ SUHVVXUH FRQWDLQHU PXVW QRW EH RSHUDWHG LI LW H[KLELWV GHIHFWV WKDW FRXOG HQ GDQJHU WKRVH ZRUNLQJ ZLWK LW RU WKLUG SDUWLHV You can obtain a copy of the pres-
sure vessel regulation from Carl Heymann Verlag or Beuth Verlag.
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In this section you will learn how to work through these Operating Instructions in the most effective manner to be able to work safely with the calorimeter system.
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You should work through sections 1 through 9 in order, one after the other. In Section 3 “Calorimetric measurements,” you will find helpful information about determining gross calorific values with calorimeters. Section 4 “Features of the system” provides you with information about standards to which the system conforms, measurement ranges of the system and the reference states into which the gross calorific value can be converted. Section 5 “Transportation, storage and setup location” is of relevance for the reliability of the system and for ensuring a high degree of reliability in measurements.
In addition to the description of system components, Section 7 contains technical data on individual components.
The calorimeter system is ready for a measurement after you have performed the procedures in Section 8 “Setting up and placing in service” and Section 9 “System calibration”. The following determinations of gross calorific values should be performed according to Section 10 “Determining gross calorific values” and Section 11 “Evaluating experiments”.
The figures c, d, e etc. in the following chapters indicate actions that must always be carried out in the sequence given.
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In accordance with IKA warranty conditions, the warranty period is 12 months. For claims under the warranty please contact your local dealer. You may also send the machine direct to our works, enclosing the delivery invoice and giving reasons for the claim. You will be liable for freight costs.
The warranty does not cover wearing parts, nor does it apply to faults resulting from improper use or insufficient care and maintenance contrary to the instructions in this operating manual.
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Please read through these Operating Instructions attentively. IKAâ considers itself responsible for the safety, reliability and performance of the device only:
∙If the unit has been used in accordance with the operating instructions
∙If only persons authorized by the manufacturer perform maintenance on or make repairs to the unit, and
∙If only original parts and original accessories are used for repairs.
We also direct your attention to the appropriate safety requirements and accident prevention specifications.
IKAâ is not responsible for damages or costs resulting from accident, misuse of the unit or unauthorized modifications, repairs or innovations.
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In a calorimeter, combustion processes take place under precisely defined conditions. For this purpose, the decomposition vessel is charged with a weighed in fuel sample, the fuel sample is ignited, and the increase in temperature in the calorimeter system is measured. The specific gross calorific value of the sample is calculated from:
∙the weight of the fuel sample
∙the heat capacity (C value) of the calorimeter system
∙the increase in temperature of the water in the inner vessel of the measurement cell
To optimize the combustion process, the decomposition vessel is filled with pure oxygen (99.95 %). The pressure of the oxygen atmosphere in the decomposition vessel is 30 bar.
The exact determination of the gross calorific value of a substance is based on the requirement that the combustion proceeds under precisely defined conditions. The applicable standards are based on the following assumptions:
∙The temperature of the substance to undergo combustion is 22°C before combustion.
∙The water contained in substance and the water formed during combustion of compounds in the substance containing hydrogen are present after combustion in liquid state.
∙No oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen takes place.
∙The gaseous products of combustion consist of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
∙Solid ash is formed.
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Often, however, the products of combustion assumed by the standards are not the only ones that are formed. In such cases, analyses must be performed on the fuel sample and the combustion products that yield data for a correction calculation. The standard gross calorific value is then determined from the measured gross calorific value and the analysis data.
The Ho gross calorific value is formed from the quotient of the quantity of heat liberated during complete combustion of a solid or liquid combustible substance and the weight of the fuel sample. In this calculation, the water formed before the combustion of compounds of the combustible substance must be present in a liquid state after the combustion.
Reference temperature 22°C
The net calorific value Hu is equal to the gross calorific value reduced by the energy of condensation of the water that was contained in the combustible substance that is formed by combustion. The net calorific value is the technically more important quantity, since only the net calorific value can be evaluated in terms of energy in all important, technical applications.
On the calculation formulas for gross and net calorific value, see Section 17 “Basic of calculations”.
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During a combustion experiment, as conditioned by the system, heat is not generated only by combustion of the sample; in addition heat also arises through extraneous energy:
The extraneous energy can vary considerably in relation to the heat of combustion of the fuel sample.
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The heat of combustion of the cotton thread that ignites the sample and the heat of electrical ignition would distort the measurement. This effect is taken into account in the calculation with a correction value.
&RPEXVWLRQ Substances with low inflammability and substances that do not readily undergo DLG combustion are burned together with a combustion aid. The combustion aid is first weighed and is then placed in the crucible with the sample. From the weight of the
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combustion aid and a specific gross calorific value that is of course already known, it is possible to determine the amount of heat that is introduced by the combustion aid. The result of the experiment must then be corrected by that quantity of heat.
The C 14 combustible crucible can be used instead of a more traditional crucible. The combustible crucible is burned completely with no residue. When a combustible crucible is used, no additional cotton thread is required. The crucible is contacted directly by the fixed ignition wire of the decomposition vessel and is ignited.
The purity of the material of the combustible crucible prevents chemical contamination of the sample material (no blank values).
Decomposition vessel in which the combustible crucible is used must be retrofitted with an additional part (attachment C 5010.4, see accessories). The sample is weighed in into the combustible crucible normally. In most cases, no additional combustion aid is required, because the combustible crucible itself serves as a combustion aid.
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Almost all substances to be analyzed contain sulfur and nitrogen. Under the conditions that prevail in calorimetric measurements, sulfur and nitrogen burn and
are reduced to SO2, SO3 and NOx. In combination with the water from combustion and moisture, sulfuric acid and nitric acid are produced in addition to heat of solution. In order to obtain the standard gross calorific value, the gross calorific value is corrected by the effect of the heat of solution.
In order to obtain a defined final state and to measure all acids quantitatively, 5 ml of distilled water is placed in the decomposition vessel before the experiment. The gasses liberated during combustion form acids with the distilled water. After the combustion, the decomposition vessel is rinsed thoroughly with distilled water to collect the precipitate that has been deposited on the inner wall of the vessel as well. The water that was placed in the decomposition vessel is combined with the rinse water to be titrated for acid content.
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To determine the gross calorific value correctly, it is of fundamental significance for the sample to be burned completely. After the experiment, the crucible and all solid residues must be examined for signs of incomplete combustion.
Normally, solid combustion substances can be burned directly in powder form. Substances that burn rapidly, i.e. substances for which the combustion has the nature of an explosion (for example benzoic acid) must not be burned in loose form. These substances tend to spark, and complete combustion could therefore no longer be guaranteed. In addition, the decomposition vessel could be damaged. Such substances must be pressed into tablets before combustion (see Accessories).
Substances with low inflammability (substances with a high mineral content, lowcalorific materials) often can be burned only with the aid of combustion capsules or combustion bags (see Accessories). It is also possible to use liquid combustion aids such as paraffin oil or hydrocarbon oil.
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Most liquid substances can be weighed directly into the crucible. Highly volatile substances are placed in combustion capsules (gelatin capsules ore acetobutyrate capsules, see Accessories) and are burned together with the capsules.
The igniters (cotton thread) must be completely burned as well. If unburned remainders of the igniter are left over, the experiment must be repeated or a correction must be introduced into the result through the extraneous energy.
+DORJHQV Substances with high halogen content can cause corrosion to appear on the decomposition vessel. Decomposition vessel C 5012 should be used for these purposes.
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To ensure exact reproducible measurement results, the calorimeter system is calibrated after it is first placed in service, after maintenance work, after parts are replaced and at specific time intervals. During calibration, the heat capacity of the calorimeter system is re-determined.
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For this purpose, a specific quantity of a reference substance is burned in the decomposition vessel under the conditions of the experiment. Since the gross calorific value of the reference substance is known, it is possible to use the increase in temperature of the calorimeter system when the reference substance is burned to calculate the heat capacity.
The reference substance for calorimetry that is recognized at an international level is benzoic acid obtained from the National Bureau of Standards (NBS-Standard Sample 39), with a guaranteed gross calorific value.
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For more detailed information on calibration, please refer to the appropriate standards as they are listed in Section 4 “Features of the system”.
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The & FRQWURO and & GXR FRQWURO calorimeter systems are used for routine determinations of the gross calorific value of solid and liquid substances. The two systems conform to all gross calorific value standards in accepted use, and are thus recognized worldwide. The extensive selection of accessories and the modular design of the systems ensure customized adaptation to laboratory tasks. During the process of an experiment, the software takes care of communication with external devices (for example analytical scale, sample rack) as well as management of samples, decomposition vessels and experiment results that eliminates mix-ups.
The two systems are distinguished by the following features:
∙A fully automated measurement procedure eliminates the need for timeconsuming routine tasks.
∙Integrated oxygen filling and degassing.
∙Measurement and calculation of gross calorific value according to DIN 51900, ISO 1928, ASTM D240, ASTM D4809, ASTM D5865, ASTM D1989, ASTM D5468, ASTM E711
∙Calculation of net calorific value according to DIN 51900, ASTM D240, ASTM D4809, ASTM D5865, ASTM D1989, ASTM D5468, ASTM E711
∙Measurement range: max. 40,000 J
This corresponds to an increase in temperature within the inner vessel of about 4 K.
∙Work can be performed based on the adiabatic, isoperibolic or dynamic principle.
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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The system must be protected from mechanical bumps, vibrations, accumulations of dust and corrosive ambient air during transportation and storage. It is also important to observe that the relative humidity not exceed 80%.
In case of repair the device has to be cleaned and free from any materials which may constitute a health hazard.
If you require servicing, return the appliance in its original packaging. Storage packaging is not sufficient. Please also use suitable transport packaging.
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To ensure high precision in measurements, a constant ambient temperature is required for the system. The following conditions must therefore be observed at the setup location:
∙No exposure to direct sunlight.
∙No drafts (for example next to windows, doors, air conditioners).
∙A sufficient distance from heater blocks and other sources of heat.
∙Adequate circulation of air must be ensured to divert the system’s own heat.
∙The minimum distance between the wall and the rear side of the unit must not be less than 25 cm.
∙The system must not have laboratory material such as shelves, cable sleeves, ring leads, etc, built over it.
∙The room temperature must fall within the range of 20 – 25 °C.
∙The system must be set up on a horizontal surface.
To operate the system, the setup location must provide a power supply that conforms to the specifications on the rating plates of the system components, as well as a supply of oxygen (99.95% pure oxygen, quality 3.5, pressure 30 bar) with the appropriate pressure indicator. A shut-off valve for the oxygen supply must be installed. Observe the instructions on handling oxygen given in Section 1 "For your safety”.
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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Please unpack the unit carefully and make note of any damages. It is important that any damage that occurred during shipping be noted at once while unpacking. If damage has occurred, you should take stock of this damage immediately (noting whether by mail, rail or express delivery, etc.).
The following sections describe the entire range of components included with delivery, including the various system variants.
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Controller with measurement cell |
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Accessory set package 1/ 2 or 3 |
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Operating instructions |
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Decomposition vessel C 50XX |
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Cooling system C 5001 |
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Cooling system C 5004 |
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Data sheet |
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Cooling system C 5002 |
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Measurement cell |
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O2-Pressure hose |
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Length: |
2 m |
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Connection: 1 x M8x1, SW 10 |
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1 x ¼“ |
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Venting hose |
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Length: |
1,5 m |
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Connection: |
1 x M6, SW 8 |
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Connection piece |
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Pivot plates |
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O2- Pressure hose |
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Length: |
2 m |
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Connection: 1 x M8x1, SW 10 |
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1 x ¼“ |
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Extension for control and connection |
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cable |
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Water hose, short |
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Water hose, long |
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IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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Together with the measurement cell, the controller makes up the core of the calorimeter system.
The controller works as a central control, interface and display unit for all system components. Operating commands and experiment parameters can be entered through the control console (see the following illustration).
During a gross calorific value test, it monitors and controls all phases of the measurement process. Current system states and test data appear on the display. To ensure that the experiment proceeds with no problems, the components of the system are monitored constantly. If malfunctions arise, the display generates a message. The results of the experiment are stored together with the parameters of the experiment and can be printed out if desired.
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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The individual tasks performed by the controller are as follow:
∙Dialog with the user through the control console
∙Store experiment data and experiment protocols ordered by experiment, experiment documentation
∙Perform experiments automatically, control and monitoring of measurement cell(s)
∙Communication with the peripheral devices: Printer, analytical scale, sample rack, external PC
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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The combustion of fuel samples takes place in the measurement cell under precisely defined conditions. When the gross calorific value is being determined, the measurement cell takes care of the following experiment conditions:
∙Adiabatic measurement method according to DIN 51900, ISO 1928, ASTM D240, ASTM D4809, ASTM D5865, ASTM D1989, ASTM D5468, ASTM E711
∙Isoperibolic measurement method according to DIN 51900, ISO 1928, ASTM D240, ASTM D4809, ASTM D5865, ASTM D1989, ASTM D5468, ASTM E711
∙Dynamic measurement method (same as adiabatic but shorter in time)
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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In order to achieve these experiment conditions, the following components are housed in the measurement cell
∙Inner vessel with a water jacket
∙Magnetic stirrer to create even distribution of heat within the inner vessel
∙A water system with pump, expansion container and connection for an external cooling unit
∙Heater and temperature controller
∙O2 filling and degassing device
The measurement cell receives the signals for performing the individual steps of the experiment from the controller. The controller records and monitors the experiment data and operating states that are recorded by the sensors in the measurement cell.
The following processes take place during determination of gross calorific value in the measurement cell:
∙The cover of the measurement cell closes automatically and the decomposition vessel with the fuel sample is immersed into the inner vessel.
∙Pure oxygen flows through the oxygen filling device into the decomposition vessel until the pressure preset by the user is reached (normally 30 bar).
∙The pump fills the inner vessel and takes care of circulation in the water system.
∙The magnetic stirrer keeps the water in the vessel constantly in motion so that heat is distributed evenly.
∙The fuel sample is electrically ignited by the ignition device.
∙The water in the circuit is cooled off by an external cooling unit and is then heated back up to the required temperature by the heater in the measurement cell.
∙After the end of the experiment, the over-pressure is allowed to escape from the decomposition vessel, the inner vessel is emptied and the cover of the measurement cell is opened. The decomposition vessel can then be removed.
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
3DJH
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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With the maximum number of components included and attached, the calorimeter system includes the following components:
System components: |
Measurement cell 1 with controller |
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Measurement cell 2 |
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C 5002 cooling system |
Peripheral devices: |
Printer |
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Analytical scale |
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C 5020 sample rack |
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System components and peripheral devices with maximum number of components
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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The C 5002 cooling system cools the water systems of the two measurement cells. One heat exchanger takes care of the cooling required for each circuit. A compressor with a liquifier and an evaporator generates sufficient cooling output for two measurement cells of the C 5000 calorimeter system.
The ventilator takes in cool air through the bottom of the unit to draw off the heat it generates. The air escapes back out of the unit through ventilation slits in the rear wall.
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IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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The C 5001 cooling system cools the water systems of one measurement cell. One heat exchanger takes care of the cooling required for the circuit. A compressor with a liquifier and an evaporator generates sufficient cooling output for the measurement cell of the C 5000 calorimeter system.
The ventilator takes in cool air through the bottom of the unit and the rear wall to draw off the heat it generates. The ventilator then forces the air back out of the unit through ventilation slits in the rear wall.
IKAâ-WERKE C 5000 control/duo-control |
Ver. 10 04.07 |
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