Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without
prior written permission is prohibited, except as
allowed under the copyright laws.
The information contained herein is subject to
change without notice.
The only warranties for HP products and
services are set forth in the express warranty
statements accompanying such products and
services. Nothing herein should be construed as
constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not
be liable for technical or editorial errors or
omissions contained herein.
Edition 1, 11/2016
Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows® XP, and
Windows Vista® are U.S. registered trademarks
of Microsoft Corporation.
Conventions used in this guide
TIP:Helpful hints or shortcuts.
Reinstallation tip:Reinstallation helpful hints, shortcuts, or considerations.
NOTE:Information that explains a concept or how to complete a task.
IMPORTANT:Information that help the user to avoid potential printer error conditions.
CAUTION:Procedures that the user must follow to avoid losing data or damaging the printer.
WARNING!Procedures that the user must follow to avoid personal injury, catastrophic loss of data, or
extensive damage to the printer.
ENWWiii
iv Conventions used in this guideENWW
For additional service and support information
HP service personnel, go to the Service Access Work Bench (SAW) at http://sawpro.glb.itcs.hp.com.
Channel partners, go to HP Channel Services Network (CSN) at www.hp.com/partners/csn .
At these locations, find information on the following topics:
●
Install and configure
●
Printer specifications
●
Up-to-date control panel message (CPMD) troubleshooting
●
Solutions for printer issues and emerging issues
●
Remove and replace part instructions and videos
●
Service advisories
●
Warranty and regulatory information
Channel partners, access training materials in the HP University and Partner Learning Center at
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To access HP PartSurfer information from any mobile device, go to http://partsurfermobile.hp.com/ or scan the
Quick Response (QR) code below.
ENWWv
vi For additional service and support informationENWW
Table of contents
1 Theory of operation .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Related documentation and software .................................................................................................................................. 2
Sequence of operation ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Formatter-control system ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Printer job language (PJL) .................................................................................................................................. 5
Printer management language (PML) .............................................................................................................. 6
Control panel ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Low end data model (LEDM) overview ............................................................................................................. 6
Advanced control language (ACL) overview .................................................................................................... 6
CPU ......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
USB .................................................................................................................................................... 6
USB hosts ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Random access memory ........................................................................................... 7
HP Memory Enhancement technology (MEt) ......................................................... 7
Engine-control system ............................................................................................................................................................ 8
DC controller ......................................................................................................................................................... 9
Motor control ................................................................................................................................. 11
Fan control ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Low-voltage power supply .............................................................................................................................. 12
Low-voltage power supply failure detection ...................................................... 14
High-voltage power supply ............................................................................................................................. 14
ENWWvii
High-voltage power supply circuits ........................................................................................... 15
Fuser control ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Fuser control functions ................................................................................................................ 17
Image-formation process ................................................................................................................................ 21
Engine pickup, feed, and delivery system .......................................................................................................................... 30
Sensors and switches ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Motors and solenoids ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Jam detection/prevention ................................................................................................................................ 33
Scanning and image capture system (MFP printers) ....................................................................................................... 36
Motor and sensors ............................................................................................................................................ 38
Document feeder system (MFP printers) ........................................................................................................................... 39
Receive faxes when you hear fax tones ........................................................................................................ 40
Distinctive ring function .................................................................................................................................... 41
Set up the distinctive ring function ............................................................................................ 41
Fax by using voice over IP (VOIP) services ..................................................................................................... 41
The fax subsystem ............................................................................................................................................ 42
Fax card in the fax subsystem ........................................................................................................................ 42
For additional service and support ...................................................................................................................................... 46
Troubleshooting process ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
Determine the problem source ....................................................................................................................... 47
Power subsystem .............................................................................................................................................. 49
Control panel checks ......................................................................................................................................... 49
Tools for troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
Internal test and information pages .............................................................................................................. 71
Print the configuration report ..................................................................................................... 72
Print a configuration report from an LED control panel (M203) ...................... 72
ENWWix
Print the configuration report from a 2-line control panel (M227) ................. 72
Print the configuration report from a touchscreen control panel (M227) ...... 72
Finding important information on the configuration report ............................. 73
Control panel menus ........................................................................................................................................ 76
Setup menu ................................................................................................................................... 76
HP Web Services menu ........................................................................................... 76
Reports menu ........................................................................................................... 77
Self Diagnostics menu ............................................................................................. 79
Fax Setup menu (fax models) ................................................................................ 79
System Setup menu ................................................................................................ 82
Network Setup menu .............................................................................................. 85
Quick Forms menu ................................................................................................... 86
Function specific menus .............................................................................................................. 88
Fax Menu (fax models) ............................................................................................ 88
Copy menu (MFP models) ....................................................................................... 89
Scan menu (MFP models) ....................................................................................... 91
USB menu (MFP models) ........................................................................................ 91
Print from a different software program .................................................................................................... 117
Check the paper-type setting for the print job ........................................................................................... 117
Check the paper type setting (Windows) ................................................................................ 117
Check the paper type setting (OS X) ........................................................................................ 118
Check toner-cartridge status (M203) .......................................................................................................... 118
Check toner-cartridge status (M227) .......................................................................................................... 118
Print a cleaning page (M203) ........................................................................................................................ 119
Print a cleaning page (M227) ........................................................................................................................ 120
Check the scanner glass for dirt and smudges (M227) ............................................................................ 121
Visually inspect the toner cartridge or cartridges ..................................................................................... 121
Check paper and the printing environment ................................................................................................ 121
Step one: Use paper that meets HP specifications ............................................................... 121
xENWW
Step two: Check the environment ........................................................................................... 122
Step three: Set the individual tray alignment (M203) .......................................................... 122
Step three: Set the individual tray alignment (M227) .......................................................... 123
Try a different print driver ............................................................................................................................. 124
Check the EconoMode settings ..................................................................................................................... 125
Adjust print density (M203) ........................................................................................................................... 125
Adjust print density (M227) ........................................................................................................................... 126
Check the scanner glass for dirt and smudges .......................................................................................... 147
Check the paper settings ............................................................................................................................... 148
Optimize for text or pictures ......................................................................................................................... 149
Clean the pickup rollers and separation pad in the document feeder ................................................... 150
Clean the printer .................................................................................................................................................................. 152
Print a cleaning page (M203) ........................................................................................................................ 152
Print a cleaning page (M227) ........................................................................................................................ 152
Clean the pickup roller and separation pad ................................................................................................ 153
Clean the pickup rollers and separation pad in the document feeder ................................................... 155
Check the scanner glass and white backing for dirt or smudges (M227) .............................................. 156
Clean the ADF replaceable film assembly (M227) ..................................................................................... 157
Clean the touchscreen (M227) ...................................................................................................................... 159
Printer pulls from incorrect tray ................................................................................................................... 160
Printer will not duplex or duplexes incorrectly .......................................................................................... 160
Paper does not feed from the input tray .................................................................................................... 160
ENWWxi
Output is curled or wrinkled .......................................................................................................................... 161
Printer does not pick up paper or misfeeds ............................................................................................... 161
The printer does not pick up paper ......................................................................................... 161
The printer picks up multiple sheets of paper ....................................................................... 162
The document feeder jams, skews, or picks up multiple sheets of paper (MFP
The printer does not print after the wireless configuration completes ............................ 210
The printer does not print, and the computer has a third-party firewall installed ......... 210
The wireless connection does not work after moving the wireless router or printer .... 210
Cannot connect more computers to the wireless printer .................................................... 210
The wireless printer loses communication when connected to a VPN ............................. 211
The network does not appear in the wireless networks list ............................................... 211
The wireless network is not functioning ................................................................................ 211
Perform a wireless network diagnostic test .......................................................................... 211
Reduce interference on a wireless network .......................................................................... 212
Service mode functions ...................................................................................................................................................... 213
Service menu (M227) ..................................................................................................................................... 213
Secondary service menu ................................................................................................................................ 215
Cannot connect to the email server ............................................................................................................. 241
xivENWW
Validate the SMTP gateway (Windows) ....................................................................................................... 241
Validate the LDAP gateway (Windows) ....................................................................................................... 241
Update the firmware ........................................................................................................................................................... 242
Method one: Update the firmware using the control panel (M227) ....................................................... 242
Method two: Update the firmware using the Firmware Update Utility (M203 and M227) ................. 243
Appendix A Printer specifications ......................................................................................................................................................... 245
Printer space requirements ............................................................................................................................................... 248
Power consumption, electrical specifications, and acoustic emissions ..................................................................... 248
Operating environmental range ........................................................................................................................................ 249
Certificates of volatility ....................................................................................................................................................... 250
Index ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 255
ENWWxv
xviENWW
List of tables
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 1-4 List of DC voltages ................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Table 1-10 Pickup, feed, and delivery system functions ................................................................................................................. 30
Table 1-11 Photo sensors and switches ............................................................................................................................................. 32
Table 1-12 Motors and solenoids ........................................................................................................................................................ 33
Table 1-13 Jams that the printer detects ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Table 1-14 Motor and sensors ............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Table 2-4 Service parts (cross section; printer base) ........................................................................................................................ 56
Table 2-5 Motor (cross section; printer base) .................................................................................................................................... 58
Table 2-9 External plug and port locations (M203) .......................................................................................................................... 62
Table 2-10 External plug and port locations (M227) ........................................................................................................................ 62
Table 2-11 Main assemblies ................................................................................................................................................................. 64
Table 2-12 Main parts (printer base) ................................................................................................................................................... 65
Table 2-17 HP Web Services menu ...................................................................................................................................................... 76
Table 2-18 Reports menu ..................................................................................................................................................................... 77
ENWWxvii
Table 2-19 Self Diagnostics menu ....................................................................................................................................................... 79
Table 2-20 Fax Setup menu .................................................................................................................................................................. 79
Table 2-21 System Setup menu .......................................................................................................................................................... 82
Table 2-22 Network Setup menu ......................................................................................................................................................... 85
Table 2-23 Quick Forms menu ............................................................................................................................................................. 86
Table 2-24 Fax Menu .............................................................................................................................................................................. 88
Table 2-25 Copy menu ........................................................................................................................................................................... 90
Table 2-26 Scan menu ........................................................................................................................................................................... 91
Table 2-27 USB Menu ............................................................................................................................................................................. 91
Table 2-33 Gray background or dark print ....................................................................................................................................... 129
Table 2-34 Blank page — No print .................................................................................................................................................... 130
Table 2-35 Black page ......................................................................................................................................................................... 130
Table 2-43 Printer base jam sensors ................................................................................................................................................ 163
Table 2-44 Printer base jam sensors ................................................................................................................................................ 180
Table 2-45 Document feeder jam sensors ...................................................................................................................................... 181
Table 2-47 Service menu .................................................................................................................................................................... 213
Table 2-48 Secondary service menu ................................................................................................................................................. 216
Table A-1 Operating environmental range ...................................................................................................................................... 249
xviiiENWW
List of figures
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main printer systems ............................................................................................................. 3
Figure 1-2 Engine-control system ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 1-3 DC controller block diagram ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Figure 1-7 Fuser control ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 1-8 Laser scanner system ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 1-9 Image-formation system ................................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 1-10 Main motor (M1) and image formation components .................................................................................................. 22
Figure 1-16 Development ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 1-17 Primary transfer ................................................................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 1-22 Pickup, feed, and delivery system .................................................................................................................................. 30
Figure 1-23 Sensors and switches for the pickup, feed, and delivery system ............................................................................. 32
Figure 1-24 Motors and solenoids ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 1-25 Jam detection sensors ..................................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 1-26 Image scanner model block diagram ............................................................................................................................ 36
Figure 1-27 Integrated scanner assembly model block diagram ................................................................................................... 37
Figure 1-28 Motor and sensors ............................................................................................................................................................ 38
Figure 2-1 Engine test page .................................................................................................................................................................. 53
Figure 2-4 Service parts (cross section; printer base) ...................................................................................................................... 56
Figure 2-10 External plug and port locations (M203) ...................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 2-11 External plug and port locations (M227) ...................................................................................................................... 62
Figure 2-12 Main assemblies ................................................................................................................................................................ 64
Figure 2-13 Main parts (printer base) .................................................................................................................................................. 65
Figure 2-21 Examples of repetitive defects ..................................................................................................................................... 136
Figure 2-22 Place the ruler on the page ........................................................................................................................................... 137
Figure 2-23 Locate the next repetitive defect ................................................................................................................................. 137
Figure 2-24 Determine the defective assembly .............................................................................................................................. 138
Figure 2-25 OPC short ......................................................................................................................................................................... 139
Figure 2-26 White blotches ................................................................................................................................................................ 140
Figure 2-35 Printer base jam sensors ............................................................................................................................................... 163
Figure 2-36 Printer base jam sensors ............................................................................................................................................... 180
Figure 2-37 Document feeder jam sensors ..................................................................................................................................... 181
Figure A-1 Dimensions for the printer .............................................................................................................................................. 246
Figure A-2 Dimensions for the printer .............................................................................................................................................. 247
Figure A-3 Certificate of volatility M203-M206 (1 of 2) ................................................................................................................. 250
Figure A-4 Certificate of volatility M203-M206 (2 of 2) ................................................................................................................. 251
Figure A-5 Certificate of volatility M227-M230 (1 of 2) ................................................................................................................. 252
Figure A-6 Certificate of volatility M227-M230 (2 of 2) ................................................................................................................. 253
xxENWW
1Theory of operation
●
Related documentation and software
●
Basic operation
●
Formatter-control system
●
Engine-control system
●
Engine laser scanner system
●
Engine pickup, feed, and delivery system
●
Scanning and image capture system (MFP printers)
●
Document feeder system (MFP printers)
●
Fax functions and operation (fax models only)
ENWW1
Related documentation and software
HP service personnel, go to the Services Access Workbench (SAW) at http://sawpro.glb.itcs.hp.com.
Channel partners, go to HP Channel Services Network (CSN) at www.hp.com/partners/csn .
Channel partners, access training materials in the HP University and Partner Learning Center at
https://content.ext.hp.com/sites/LMS/HPU.page.
2Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Basic operation
Engine-control system
Formatter
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
Scanning and image capture system (M227/M230)
Engine-control system
Formatter
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
S
canning and image capture system (M227/M230
)
The printer routes all high-level processes through the formatter, which stores font information, processes the
print image, and communicates with the host computer.
The basic printer operation comprises the following systems:
●
Engine-control system
●
Laser scanner system
●
Image-formation system
●
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
●
Scanning and image capture system (M227)
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main printer systems
ENWWBasic operation3
Sequence of operation
The DC controller PCA controls the operating sequence, as described in the following table.
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation
PeriodDurationDescription
WaitingFrom the time the power is turned on, the door is
closed, or when the printer exits sleep mode until the
printer is ready for printing.
StandbyFrom the end of the waiting sequence or the last
rotation until the formatter receives a print command,
or until the printer is turned off.
Initial rotationFrom the time the formatter receives a print command
until the paper enters the paper path.
●
Heats the fuser film in the fuser
●
Detects the presence of the toner cartridge
●
Rotates and stops the main motor
●
Rotates and stops the main fan
●
Cleans the transfer roller
●
Separates the developer roller
●
Remains in the Ready state
●
Enters Active OFF mode if a power control mode
designation command is sent
●
Rotates and stops the main fan
●
Rotates the main motor
●
Rotates the main fan
●
Activates the high-voltage power supply (highvoltage bias)
●
Prepares the laser scanner unit
●
Warms the fuser to the correct temperature
●
Engages the developer roller
PrintingFrom the time the first sheet of paper enters the paper
path until the last sheet passes through the fuser.
Last rotationFrom the time the last sheet of paper exits the fuser
until the motors stop rotating.
●
Forms the image on the photosensitive drum
●
Transfers the toner to the paper
●
Fuses the toner image onto the paper
●
Stops the main motor
●
Stops the main fan
●
Stops the high-voltage power supply (highvoltage bias)
●
Stops the laser scanner unit
●
Turns the fuser heater off
●
Separates the developer roller
●
If another print command is received, the printer
enters the initial rotation period when the last
rotation is complete.
4Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Formatter-control system
The formatter performs the following functions:
●
Controls the sleep delay function
●
Receives and processes print data from the various printer inputs
●
Monitors control-panel functions and relays printer status information (through the control panel and the
bidirectional input/output)
●
Develops and coordinates data placement and timing with the DC controller
●
Communicates with the host computer through the network or the bidirectional interface
The formatter receives a print job from the network or bidirectional interface and separates it into image
information and instructions that control the printing process. The DC controller synchronizes the image
formation system with the paper input and output systems, and then signals the formatter to send the print
image data.
Sleep delay
When the printer is in sleep delay mode, the control-panel backlight is turned off, but the printer retains all
printer settings, downloaded fonts, and macros. The default setting is a 1-minute idle time. The setting can be
changed or turned off from the control panel menus.
The printer exits sleep delay mode and enters the warm-up cycle when any of the following occurs.
●
A print job, valid data, or a PML or PJL command is received at the serial port.
●
The control panel is touched (button press or touchscreen touch depending on model).
●
A document is loaded in the document feeder or the scanner lid is opened (M227).
●
A tray is opened.
TIP:Error messages override the sleep delay message. The printer enters sleep mode at the appropriate time,
but the error message continues to appear.
Printer job language (PJL)
PJL is an integral part of printer configuration, in addition to the printer control language (PCL) and PostScript
(PS). With standard cabling, the printer can use PJL to perform a variety of functions.
●
Dynamic I/O switching: The printer can be configured with a host on each I/O by using dynamic I/O
switching. Even when the printer is offline, it can receive data from more than one I/O simultaneously, until
the I/O buffer is full.
●
Context-sensitive switching: The printer can automatically recognize the personality (PS or PCL) of each job
and configure itself to serve that personality.
●
Isolation of print environment settings from one print job to the next: For example, if a print job is sent to
the printer in landscape mode, the subsequent print jobs print in landscape only if they are formatted for
landscape printing.
ENWWFormatter-control system5
Printer management language (PML)
PML allows remote configuration of the printer and status monitoring through the input/output (I/O) ports.
Control panel
The formatter sends and receives printer status and command data to and from the control panel.
Wireless
NOTE:Wireless models only.
Wireless products contain a wireless card to enable 802.11b/g/n wireless communication.
Low end data model (LEDM) overview
The low-end data model (LEDM) provides one consistent data representation method and defines the dynamic
and capabilities tickets shared between clients and devices, as well as the access protocol, event, security, and
discovery methods.
Advanced control language (ACL) overview
The advanced control language (ACL) is a language that supports printer control and firmware downloads in
printers that support both PJL/PCL and host-based printing. Each sequence of ACL commands must be
preceded by a unified exit command (UEL) and an @PJL ENTER LANGUAGE=ACL command. The ACL sequence is
always followed by a UEL. Any number of commands can be placed between the UELs. The only exception to
these rules is the download command. If a firmware download is done, the download command must be the
last command in the sequence. It will not be followed by a UEL.
The firmware searches for the UEL sequence when parsing commands. However, while downloading binary data
such as host-based code or NVRAM data, the firmware suspends UEL parsing. To handle hosts that “disappear”
during binary sequences, the firmware times out all ACL command sessions. If a timeout occurs during a nondownload command sequence, it is treated as the receipt of a UEL. If a timeout occurs during firmware
download, the printer resets.
CPU
The formatter incorporates an 800 MHz processor.
Input/output (I/O)
The following sections discuss the input and output features of the printer.
USB
The printer includes a universal serial bus (USB) 2.0 connection.
USB hosts
The printer includes USB hosts for USB flash drive and wireless communication control.
10/100 networking
All printer models except the M203d include a 10/100 network (Ethernet) connection.
6Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
Fax
NOTE:M227fdn/fdw and M230fdw models only.
The printer includes a fax phone line connection.
Memory
If the printer encounters a problem when managing available memory, a clearable warning message displays on
the control panel.
Firmware
The formatter stores the printer firmware. A remote firmware update process is used to overwrite and update
the firmware.
Nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM)
The printer uses nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) to store I/O and information about the print environment
configuration. The contents of NVRAM are retained when the printer is turned off or disconnected.
Flash memory
DRR: Stores software applications. When the printer power is turned off, the data stored in DRR is erased.
NAND: Stores fax memory (M227fdn/fdw and M230fdw models only). When the printer power is turned off, the
data stored in NAND is preserved.
Random access memory
DDR memory
●
533 Mhz, 256 MB (M203, M206)
●
800 Mhz, 256 MB (M227, M230)
Flash memory
●
128 MB NAND flash
HP Memory Enhancement technology (MEt)
The HP Memory Enhancement technology (MEt) effectively doubles the standard memory through a variety of
font- and data-compression methods.
NOTE:The MEt is available only in PCL mode; it is not functional when printing in PS mode.
ENWWFormatter-control system7
Engine-control system
Formatter
Engine-control system
Engine controller
DC controller
High-voltage power supply
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed, and delivery
system
Low-voltage power supply
Fuser control
Scanning and image
capture system (M227)
Formatter
Engine-control system
Engine controller
DC controller
igh-voltage power suppl
y
Laser scanner system
Image-formation system
Pickup, feed, and delivery
stem
Low-voltage power suppl
y
F
user co
ntrol
canning and image
apture system (M227
)
The engine-control system receives commands from the formatter and interacts with the other main systems
to coordinate all printer functions. The engine-control system consists of the following components:
●
DC controller
●
Low-voltage power supply
●
High-voltage power supply
●
Fuser power supply
Figure 1-2 Engine-control system
8Chapter 1 Theory of operationENWW
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