The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to
set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy,
flat surface near a grounded wall outlet. Before following the setup
instructions in this chapter, you may want to read “Arranging Your Office”
in Appendix A (in the section on health-related information) for tips on
adjusting your work furniture so that you’re comfortable when using
the co mputer.
If you used the setup poster: The poster included with your Power Macintosh
computer was designed to help you start using your computer as quickly as
possible. This chapter contains more detailed information than the poster. If
you have already set up your computer using the poster, you may want to turn
to the secti on “What’s Next?” later in this chapter.
1
When you are ready to begin, follow these steps:
Set the switch to show “115” for
voltages less than 135; set it to show
“230” for voltages greater than 180.
(Your computer will not operate in
the 135–179 volt range.)
Check to see that the voltage switch
on the back of your computer is
properly set before you plug it in.
If you need to change the setting,
insert a small screwdriver here
and slide the switch.
1Make sure the voltage switch on the back of the computer is set for the kind of voltage
system to which you will be connecting.
The voltage switch must be set correctly to avoid damaging your computer.
If you don’t know the voltage used in the country you’re in, refer to the table
“Voltages for Different Locations” later in this section.
2
Chapter 1
WARNING
Setting the correct voltage for your computer does not set the
voltage for your monitor. To protect your monitor, be sure to use the
appropriate adapter or voltage converter, if one is necessary.
Voltages for different locations
CountrySingle voltage
Japan100
South Korea100/220
Jamaica, Taiwan110
Peru110/220
Brazil, Lebanon110–220
Philippines115
Bermuda, Canada, Puerto Rico, United States, Venezuela120
Mexico127
Saudi Arabia127/220
Hong Kong200
India, South Africa220–250
Israel, Pakistan, Singapore230
Australia, Kuwait, Malta, New Zealand, Northern Ireland,240
Papua New Guinea, Oman, Qatar, United Kingdom
Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,220–230
Bahrain, Chile, China (People’s Republic), Czechoslovakia,220
Egypt, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan,
Liechtenstein, Nepal, Paraguay, Poland, Romania,
Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS),
United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Yugoslavia
2Plug the socket end of the computer power cord into the recessed power cord socket
(marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the computer.
Getting Started
3
3Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.
Power cord plugPower cord socket
Choose a power outlet to which you have easy access.
WARNING
This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded.
Your Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug
that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC
outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug
into the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with
a properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the
grounding plug!
IMPORTANT
Be sure that at least one end of the power cord is within easy
reach so that you can unplug the computer when you need to.
4
Chapter 1
If the computer starts up: If you hear a tone, the computer has started up and
you need to turn it off before proceeding. Press the power button located on
the front of the computer to turn it off. (Refer to Chapter 3, “Connecting
Equipment and Expanding Your Computer,” for an illustration showing the
location of the power button on the front of the computer.)
Connectin g a monitor
You can connect many types of monitors to your Macintosh. To connect a
monitor from a manufacturer other than Apple, refer to the instructions that
came with it.
Connecting the monitor power cord
Monitors have two cords to connect—a power cord and a monitor cable.
To connect the monitor power cord, follow these steps:
1Place the monitor where you will be using it.
Keep these considerations in mind:
m The case of the computer is sturdy enough for you to place on top of it any
monitor with a screen that is 17 inches or smaller.
m Allow at least 3 inches for air circulation around the sides of the computer
and monitor.
m Make sure that the top of the screen is slightly below eye level when you’re
sitting at the keyboard.
m Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from
overhead lights and windows.
m Consult “Arranging Your Office” in Appendix A for suggestions on
positioning your computer equipment.
2Connect the monitor power cord to the monitor.
On some monitors, the cord is already attached.
Getting Started
5
3Plug in the monitor power cord.
Monitor power cord
Monitor power socket
Be sure to plug the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or
power strip.
6
Chapter 1
Connecting the moni tor cable
Monitor cable
™
Monitor port
After you plug in the monitor power cord, you connect the monitor cable to
the co mputer’s monitor port.
To connect the monitor cable, follow these steps:
1Attach the monitor cable to the monitor.
On some monitors, the cable is already attached (as shown below).
2Attach the monitor cable to the monitor port on the back panel of the computer.
The monitor port is marked with the ™ icon (symbol).
Getting Started
7
Connectin g the mous e and keyboard
To adjust the keyboard angle, lower the feet until they snap into position.
This cable plugs into the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port,
marked with the
V
icon, on the back of the computer.
Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port
on the keyboard. The flat part of the plug
should be pointing down, as shown here.
1Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard.
The plug and the port are marked with the V icon. The positions of the port
and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.
By the way: A port marked with the V icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus
(ADB) port.
8
2If you want to adjust the keyboard angle, lower the feet of the keyboard.
Chapter 1
3Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the Vicon on the back of
V
ADB port
the computer.
Some monitors have aport to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse.
See the information that came with your monitor.
Getting Started
9
Connectin g the mod e m
External modem port
(This port is covered if an internal modem is installed.
If it is covered, do not remove the cover or plug
anything into the external modem port.)
To telephone
Line splitter(purchased separately)
To internal modem
Internal modem connector
Phone cordPhone jack in wall
Your modem is an expansion card already installed in the communication slot
of your computer. It enables your computer to send and receive faxes and
telephone calls, to connect to the Internet, to access online services, and to
communicate with other computer users. (You use the modem through the
appropriate software already installed on your computer. See your modem
documentation for information on how to use the modem and software.)
If you want to connect the modem now, follow the instructions in the next
illustration.
IMPORTANT
an analog phone line—the kind used typically in homes. (A digital phone
line could damage the modem.) If you’re connecting the modem at home, you
probably have an analog phone line. Your modem manuals contain more
information about using your modem.
When connecting a modem, make sure you connect the modem to
10
Chapter 1
You can use any standard phone cord to connect your internal modem
connector to a phone jack. If you have only one phone jack, consider
purchasing a line splitter at an electronics supply store. A line splitter lets you
plug your phone and your modem into the same jack at the same time. Keep
in mind that if your phone and your modem share a single phone line, you
will not be able to use both pieces of equipment at the same time, even if they
are attached to separate phone jacks. When you use your modem, outside
callers get a busy signal and you cannot call out. When your phone is in use,
you cannot use the modem. (By the way, you can keep your answering
machine connected to your phone, even if your phone and modem share the
same telephone line.)
IMPORTANT
During lightning storms, disconnect your modem by unplugging its
phone cord from the phone jack to help prevent accidental voltage overload.
Note: It is also possible to use an external modem with your computer.
However, to use an external modem you must first remove the internal modem
card following the instructions in “Installing a Communication Card” in the
section “Installing an Expansion Card,” in Chapter 10 of this manual. You will
also need to remove the cover from the external modem port, so you can
connect the external modem cable.
Connecting other equipment
If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using
your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or
scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in
this chapter.
When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the
instructions in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4.
Getting Started
11
Turning the computer on for the first time
To tu r n th e computer on for the first time, follow these steps:
1Turn on your monitor.
Note: You may not see the monitor power come on until you turn on the
computer in the next step. Also, larger monitors can take several seconds to
turn on if you have extra Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
installed in your computer.
See the information that came with your monitor for the location of the power
switch. On newer Apple monitors, the power switch is located on the front of
the unit.
By the way: Depending on the type of monitor you have, you may only need
to turn it on once. Some monitors turn off automatically when you shut
down the computer, and turn on automatically when you start up the
computer. Other monitors have to be turned on separately each time you
turn on the computer.
2Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on your keyboard.
12
You hear a tone from the computer as it starts up. (If your computer does not
start up, turn to the next section, “Problems Turni ng On Your Computer?”)
Chapter 1
3Check to see what’s on your screen.
The Launcher appears on screen as a large window, which you can use to
view the names of some of the application programs on your computer and to
open the applications. These programs vary from model to model and range
from instructional programs on how to use the computer to specialized
programs for your home or business.
Note: If you see a blinking question mark or nothing at all, see the section
“Problems Turning on Your Computer?”
The rectangular buttons below the striped bar at the top of the Launcher are
lab e led with the categories into which the programs have been divided. The
square buttons in the colored area below the category buttons are used to
open the individual programs. Each program’s name appears below each
square button.
When the category buttons first appear, one will have a different color than
the others. This indicates that the button has been “pushed.” Every time you
push a category button, it will change color. In this way, you use the Launcher
to move from category to category or to open a program with the single click
of a button.
Category buttons
Application program
buttons
Your Launcher and its
buttons may look different.
(Most computer screens
have a slight black border
around them.)
Getting Started
13
4Now either go to the section “What’s Next?” later in this chapter or click the Launcher’s
Depending on your
level of expertise, you
can take one of these
tutorials to learn more
about the basics of
using your computer.
category buttons to see the software titles available.
If you’re new to the Macintosh and need to learn the basic skills to use it, turn
to the section “What’s Next?”
If you already know how to use the mouse, push the different category
buttons to check out the software titles on your computer. (The buttons and
colors in the lower area of the Launcher change each time you click a
category button.) T h en turn to the section “What’s Next?”
14
Chapter 1
Problem s turnin g o n yo ur computer?
If the screen is dark, check these items to see if you can identify
the problem:
m Is the computer plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a
power strip, is the power strip turned on?
m Is the computer turned on? T he power-on light i n the power button
should be on. If it isn’t, press the power button (marked with the
symbol I) on the front of the computer.
m Are the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t
disconnect the keyboard or mouse cable while the computer is on.
You could damage your equipment.)
m Is the monitor power cord plugged in?
m Is the monitor turned on? (Check the power-on light on the front of
the monitor.)
m Is the monitor cable—the one connected to the monitor port (™) on
your computer—attached firmly to both the monitor and computer?
m Is the brightness control on the monitor adjusted correctly? (On most
monitors, the brightness control is marked with the symbol ¤.)
If you see a blinking question mark on the screen, turn to “Solutions to
Common Problems With Your Computer” in Chapter 9.
Getting Started
15
What’s next?
What you can’t find in
this manual you can find
in Macintosh Guide (or
Mac OS Guide), your
main source of
information when
working with your
computer.
Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue
with one of the following steps:
m If you are new to the Macintosh, see the next section, “Learning the Basics.”
m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting
Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide (or Mac OS Guide). Or select
Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu (h) in the upper-right corner of
your screen and explore it yourself.
m If you want to connect other equipment, such as a printer, to your computer,
see Chapter 3, “Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer.”
m If you want to install application software on your computer, see
Chapter 4, “Installing and Using Application Programs.” Th e chapter
contains information on setting up your programs and managing memory.
You need this information to set up any programs specifically designed for
computers with PowerPC microprocessors.
16
Chapter 1
m If you want to turn off your computer, see “Turning the Computer Off”
later i n this chapter.
IMPORTANT
If you need to turn off your computer at any point, please see
“Turning the Computer Off ” later in this chapter. It is very important to use
the correct procedure for shutting down your Macintosh before turning it off.
Before you begin working with your computer, be sure to read the important
health and safety information in Appendix A.
Learning the basics
Mouse button
Read this section if you haven’t already gone through the Mouse Skills
program or the tutorials. These programs teach you the basic skills you need
to use your computer.
To st art Mouse Skills or the tutorials, follow these steps:
1Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk.
Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press
the mouse button (under your index finger). Notice that the arrow (8) on the
screen moves in the same direction that you move the mouse.
If the arrow doesn’t move, make sure that the cables connecting the mouse
and keyboard are secure and that your mouse is positioned as shown in the
illustration.
Getting Started
17
2Move the mouse so that the arrow (
Your Launcher may
look somewhat
different.
8
) is over the picture of the particular tutorial you
want to take.
If you don’t see the Tutorial Part 1, Tutorial Part 2, or Mouse Skills pictures on
your screen, put the arrow on the word “Learning” and click (press and
release) the mouse button.
If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse,
pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The ar row on the
screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.)
18
3Click the mouse button on the picture of the tutorial you want to take.
A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside
for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed
all the tutorials, return to this book.
Chapter 1
Reviewing the basics
Use the following illustrations to review the elements on your screen with
which you work on your computer.
Menu
Menus
The strip across the top of the screen is called the menu bar. The symbols and
words in it represent “menus” (lists) of commands. To open a menu, place the
pointer on the symbol or word for the menu and press the mouse button.
Icons
Window
Guide menu
To find an answer to a question,
look in the Guide (
) menu.
h
Application menu
You can have several
applications open at once.
To see which program is active
or to switch from one program
to another, use this menu.
Getting Started
19
Icons
Icons are small pictures that represent disks, programs, documents, and
folders. You can double-click any icon to open it and see what it contains.
This icon represents your computer’s internal hard disk.
Icons like this one represent application programs, which you use to create
documents and do other work.
Icons like this one represent documents, which you can create and edit.
Icons like this represent folders. A folder contains other icons.
To throw away an item you no longer want, drag it to the Trash icon and choose
Empty Trash from the Special menu.
Windows
Windows are boxes that display text, graphics, and icons. To change the shape
or position of a window, or to close the window, use the elements shown here.
20
To bring a partially
covered window
to the front, click
anywhere in it.
Chapter 1
Close box
To close a window,
click the close box.
Title bar
To move a window, drag it by the middle of the title bar
(anywhere in the bar except the small box on each end).
Zoom box
To make the window bigger, click
once here. Click again to return the
window to its original size.
Scroll arrow
To bring hidden portions of a window’s
contents into view, click one of the four
scroll arrows.
Size box
To change the shape or size of a
window, drag the size box.
Turning the computer off
You can turn off the computer either with the Power key on the keyboard or
by choosing the Shut Down command in the Special menu.
Using the Power key
To tu r n th e computer off using the Power key on the keyboard, follow these
instructions:
1If the computer is in sleep mode (the monitor is on but the screen is dark), press any key
except Caps Lock to wake it.
2Press and hold the Power key on the keyboard for about 2 seconds.
The following dialog box appears on the screen:
3Press the Return key on the keyboard (or click the Shut Down button in the dialog box).
Choosing the Shut Down command
To turn off the computer by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu,
follow th e se instructions:
1Move the tip of the arrow (8) to the Special menu at the top of the screen.
2With the tip of the arrow on the word “Special,” press and hold down the mouse button.
Getting Started
21
3While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow down the list of choices until the
words “Shut Down” are highlighted, then release the mouse button.
If you can’t shut down your compute r
If a problem with the computer prevents you from using the Power key on
the keyboard or choosing Shut Down—for example, if the computer “freezes”
so that the pointer does not respond to the mouse—you can turn off the
computer by pressing the power button (I) on the front of the computer.
IMPORTANT
front of the computer to turn it off. Only use the power button when there is a
problem that prevents the computer from being turned off with the Power key
on the keyboard or the Shut Down command. To make sure your work is
saved, use the Power key on the keyboard or the Shut Down command.
Turning the computer on
To tu r n on the computer after you’ve shut it down (using either the Power key
on the keyboard or the Shut Down command):
Press the Power key (marked with a
Your monitor may have to be turned on separately each time you turn on the
computer. If you have trouble turning on your computer, see the section
“Problems Turning On Your Computer?” earlier in this chapter.
You could lose unsaved work if you use the power button on the
π
) on the keyboard.
22
Chapter 1
Whe re to find answers
User’s ManualUser’s Manual
Power MacintoshPower
Mac
intosh
When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several
places where you can look for answers.
In the Guide menu
The Guide menu (marked with the hicon) is your main source of
information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get several kinds
of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.
In this book
Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it,
or to find solutions to problems with your equipment.
In other manuals
Some of the programs that came installed on your computer have
separate manuals, either in the box with your computer or stored on
your computer’s hard disk. (You can find some electronic manuals
in the Launcher.)
From Read Me files
The Apple Extras folder (in your System Folder) on your hard disk
contains a SimpleText document, called About Apple Extras, with
important information about some of the application programs
included with your computer. Similar files called Read Me files can
be found inside application folders and in the Documents folder on
your desktop.
From Apple’s customer support hotline
If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the
customer support hotline. The phone number for the hotline is in the
service and support information that came with your computer.
Note:
If you have problems with an application program not
published by Apple, call the program’s publisher. Click the Phone
Numbers button in the Service/Support area of the Launcher to find
a software publisher’s phone number.
Getting Started
23
25
TheGuide menu contains online help and information and is your main
source of information when working with your computer. The menu is
identified by a question mark (
h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.
The Guide menu includes an item called either Macintosh Guide or Mac OS
Guide, depending on your version of system software. The term Macintosh
Guide is used throughout this manual, even though the information pertai ns
to both items.
2
Getting Help
Use the instructions in this
chapter to learn about the help
available to you in the Guide menu.
You may see the item
“Mac OS Guide”
instead.
Getting answers to your questions
When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get
the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide (or Mac OS Guide) from the
Guide men u.
1Open the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder
to make it the active application program.
A checkmark appears beside the Finder command, indicating that the Finder
is the active program.
2Open the Guide menu (marked with the
h
icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.
26
Chapter 2
The Macintosh Guide window appears.
Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other
windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its
title ba r (the gray bar across the top of the window).
3Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.
Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:
m
Topics
lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of
contents in a book.
m
Index
lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it
is like the index in a book.
m
Look For
lets you search for information related to a specific word or
phrase that you type.
In the following sections you will practice using each method.
If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using
Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.
27
Getting Help
The version on your
screen may say
“Mac OS Guide.”
Getting answers with the Topics button
1In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.
A list of general topic areas appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide
window. (Dependi ng on the hardware and software you have, the list of topic
areas may look different.)
2In the list of topics, click “Customizing Your Computer.”
When you click any topic area, a list of related phrases and questions appears
on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.
28
Chapter 2
To get instructions,
you click a phrase or
question…
…and then click OK.
3Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click
the question.
A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.
4Read and follow the instructions in this window.
Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to see the next step.
5When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to
return to the main Macintosh Guide window.
Now continue with the next section.
Getting answers with the Index button
1In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.
An alphabetical list of index terms appears on the left side of the window.
29
Getting Help
You click here to see the next
step (if there is one).
If you want to
return to the main
Macintosh Guide
window, you click
this button.
Scroll bar
Slider
2Scroll through the alphabetical list until the term “background pattern” is visible.
You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or
by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.
3Click the term “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.
When you click any index term, a list of related phrases and questions
appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.
4Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK.
Or double-click the question.
A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.
30
Chapter 2
To see the next step (if there is one),
you click here.
If you want to
return to the main
Macintosh Guide
window, you click
this button.
To get instructions,
you click a phrase or
question…
…and then click OK.
5Read and follow the instructions in the window.
Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to see the next step.
6When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to
return to the main Macintosh Guide window.
Now continue with the next section.
Getting answers with the Look For button
1In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.
A small box where you can type text appears on the left side of the window.
2Click the arrow button to activate the text box.
31
Getting Help
To activate the text
box, you click here.
You type a word
or phrase in
the text box…
…and then click here.
3Type “trash” in the text box, then click Search.
When you click Search, a list of phrases and questions related to the word or
phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.
4Click the question “How do I turn off the Empty Trash warning?” and then click OK. Or
double-click the question.
A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.
5Read and follow the instructions in the window.
Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question
you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the
lower-right corner to see the next step.
6When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to
close Macintosh Guide.
32
Chapter 2
If you want to close
Macintosh Guide,
you click here.
To see the next step (if there is one),
you click here.
To get instructions, you click a
phrase or question…
…and then click OK.
33
Getting Help
Tips for using Macintosh Guide
Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:
m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the
program that displays the desktop area where you can see the icons of
disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available
in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the
Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the
Guide menu) and choose Finder.
m Foll ow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read
ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a
step correctly.
m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of
other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never
covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag
it by the title bar at the top of the window.
You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom
box in the upper-right corner of the window. Click the box once to
shrink the window; click it a second time to expand the window to its
original size.
m If you need more information about an instruction or a term, click
the button labeled “Huh?” to get a further explanation. (The “Huh?”
button is dimmed when no additional information is available.)
m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the
Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.
m When you’re finished using Macintosh Guide, click the close box in
the upper-left corner of the window.
Close box
Title bar
Zoom box
Right arrow
Topics button
“Huh?” button
Identifying what’s on y our computer screen
Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself,
“What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as
Balloon Help.
Using balloons like those you see in comic strips, Balloon Help explains the
function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh
screen.
Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:
1Open the Guide menu (marked with the
h
icon) and choose Show Balloons.
2With your mouse, move the pointer to any object on the screen that you want to identify.
A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for
example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use
the Trash.
Although balloons appear next to items when you point to them, the way
you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and
so on.
3When you’re finished using Balloon Help, open the Guide menu again and choose Hide
Balloons.
34
Chapter 2
Learning useful shortcuts
You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard
or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing
Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.
Foll ow thes e steps to learn keyboard a nd mouse shortcuts:
1Open the Guide menu (marked with the
h
icon) and choose Shortcuts.
The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.
2Click one of the category buttons.
Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category.
35
Getting Help
If you want to
close the window,
you click here.
To see the next window (if there is one),
you click here.
To return to the main
Macintosh Shortcuts
window for more
categories, you click
the Topics button.
3Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.
Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to see the next
window (if there is one).
4When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button
in the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the
close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.
36
Chapter 2
The illustrations on the next pages show the basic computer system you now
have. So that you can expand your system’s capabilities, your computer has
external ports to which you can connect additional hardware, such as a printer
or scanner.
Your computer also has internal slots for adding items to increase its
capabilities and performance. Among these items are additional dynamic
random-access memory Dual Inline Memory Modules (DIMMs); a High
Performance Module (256K level 2 cache); and expansion cards, such as PCI
(peripheral component interconnect) and E thernet cards. Instructions for
installing these internal items are provided in Chapter 10, “I nstalling
Expansion Cards and Additional Memory.”
WARNING
Before you connect any equipment to your computer, make
sure that your computer is plugged in (in order to ground the
computer) and turned off. If you connect equipment with the
computer turn ed on, you can damage your computer and your
equipment. Also, each device you add should be compatible with your
computer and must not exceed the maximum power allowance for that
device. For more information consult an Apple-authorized dealer, the
manufacturer of the equipment you add, or the
Tech nica l In formation
booklet that came with your computer.
37
3
Con necti n g Equipment and Expanding
Your Computer
Read this chapter for information
on connecting additional equipment
to your computer, such as a printer, scanner,
or other external equipment.
Ports and connectors on the back of your computer
Apple Desktop Bus
V
Connects your Macintosh to an input device, such as a
(ADB) portkeyboard or a trackball.
Printer port
[
Connects your Macintosh to a printer, LocalTalk network, or
GeoPort devices such as the GeoPort Telecom Adapter and the
QuickTake 150 digital camera.
External modem port
W
Connects your Macintosh to an external modem or GeoPort
device, such as the GeoPort Telecom Adapter and the QuickTake
150 digital camera. Since an external modem can’t be used with
the pre-installed internal modem card that came with your computer,
this port is covered and disabled.
SCSI port
g
Connects your Macintosh to SCSI equipment, such as external
hard disk drives and scanners.
MouseKeyboard
CD-ROM driveMonitor
Internal hard
disk drive
Speaker
Floppy disk drive
Computer
I
C
π
CD-ROM drive
Open/Close button
Power key
Use this key to turn your
computer on and off.
Power button
A green light
indicates that the
computer is on.
38
Chapter 3
Access cover for Covers ports for optional Peripheral Component Interconnect
expansion slots(PCI) slot expansion cards.
Internal modem cardThe optional internal modem card. Most models of your computer
(optional)come with a modem card already installed.
Monitor port
™
Connects your Macintosh to your monitor.
Sound output port
-
Connects your Macintosh to sound output equipment, such as
externally powered (amplified) speakers.
Sound input port
≈
Connects your Macintosh to another audio source, such as an
Apple PlainTalk microphone or a compact disc or audio
cassette player.
Monitor port
SCSI port
Sound output port
Apple Desktop Bus
(ADB) port
Sound input port
Power socket
External modem port
(covered if your computer
includes an internal modem)
Printer port
g
W
[
™
≤
V
≈
-
Access covers for PCI
expansion slots (2)
Internal modem card
(optional)
39
Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer
Connectin g a printer
Your computer has a printer port, which you use to connect a printer to
your computer.
Follow the instructions that came with your printer when connecting it to
your computer.
Whether you have one printer or more attached to your computer, you must
use the Chooser program to specify the port to connect the printer you want
to use. For instructions on choosing a printer, open the Guide (h) menu,
choose Macintosh Guide (or Mac OS Guide), click the Guide’s I ndex button,
and choose “printing” from the index.
Connecting audio equipment
Your Macintosh can play and record stereo sound from a variety of sources.
By connecting audio equipment to the sound input and output ports on the
computer, you can listen to or reproduce stereo sound. Using the inter nal
CD-ROM player, your computer can also play and record sound from audio
compact discs (CDs).
For information on using Macintosh system software to choose audio input
and output options, record an alert sound, or play audio CDs, see the “Sound”
topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
Printer port icon
Printer port
40
Chapter 3
About your computer ’s sound ports an d fe atur es
Thesound input port is marked with an icon of a microphone (≈). T h e sound
output port is marked with an icon of a speaker (-).
The computer’s sound input port (≈) accepts the 3.5-mm audio connectors
shown below. The sound output port (-) (where you might connect external
speakers) accepts only the stereo miniplug.
The stereo miniplug is found most often on stereo equipment (such as
externally powered speakers). The extended miniplug, which is slightly longer
and is found on voice quality microphones (such as the Apple PlainTalk
Microphone), works only in your computer’s sound input port (≈). (Even
though it will fit into the sound output port, it won’t work there.) If your
equipment has a different type of connector from those shown here, you can
purchase an adapter at an electronics supply store.
Extended miniplugStereo miniplug
Sound input port
Sound output port
41
Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer
Connecting audio equipm ent
To play or record sound with your Macintosh, you can attach a microphone or
a pair of speakers.
For instructions on connecting specific equipment, see the following sections
later i n this chapter:
m “Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone”
m “Connecting External Stereo Speakers”
m “Connecting Headphones”
Foll ow thes e ge ne ral instructions when connecting audio equipment to
the Macintosh:
1Make sure that the audio equipment has a cable with a stereo miniplug or extended
miniplug connector.
If it does not, attach an adapter that has a stereo miniplug.
2Place the audio equipment near the Macintosh.
3Shut down the Macintosh and turn off the audio equipment.
4Attach the cable to the audio equipment and to the appropriate sound port on
the Macintosh.
To record incoming sound on the computer, connect the audio equipment to
thesound input port (≈).
To record the sound produced by the computer or play that sound through
externally powered (amplified) speakers, connect the audio equipment to the
sound output port (-).
Stereo miniplug
42
Chapter 3
5Turn on the computer and the audio equipment.
Yo u’re now ready to begin listening to and working with sound.
You can adjust the volume using the Monitors & Sound control panel, which
uses software inside your computer to adjust sound. See the next section,
“Adjusting Volume and Sound.”
Adjusting volume and sound
There are several ways to adjust the volume on your computer:
m Use the volume controls on the front of your monitor if your monitor
comes with built-in speakers.
m Use the volume control sliders in the Monitors & Sound control panel, as
shown below. The Monitors & Sound control panel can be found in the
Control Panels folder in the Apple (K) menu.
m Use the volume control slider in the AppleCD Audio Player if you are
playing an audio CD. T he AppleCD Audio Player can be found in the
Apple (K) menu. The volume set in the Monitors & Sound control panel
also affects the volume of the audio CD.
Note: Some monitors also place a “Monitor Sound” icon at the top of the
Monitors & Sound control panel.
43
Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer
Tip: You may prefer to set the Sound Out Level slider to about the middle of
the slider bar. This way, when you adjust the volume later in other ways—
through th e AppleCD Audio Player or through the volume controls on the
computer or monitor—you can hear your adjustments better because the
computer itself is set to about the middle of its volume range.
For more information about sound, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh
Guide, available in t he Guide (h) menu.
Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone
Your computer has a sound input port (≈), which you can use to connect an
Apple PlainTal k Microphone. The Apple PlainTalk Microphone is included
with some computer models. If your computer did not include an Apple
PlainTal k Microphone, you can purchase one at an Apple-authorized dealer.
You cannot connect non-Apple microphones.
Note: The sound input port does not support the Apple Omni microphone
(the round microphone shipped with some earlier models of Macintosh) or
the attenuated RCA adapter provided with some models of Macintosh.
Note: If you want to record sound using the microphone built into your
monitor (if you have such a monitor), see “Using Your Monitor’s Built-in
Microphone,” later in this section.
Apple PlainTalk Microphone
44
Chapter 3
To connect the microphone, follow the steps below.
1Shut down the Macintosh.
2Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (≈) on the back of
the computer.
3Place the microphone at the top center of the monitor, with the microphone’s Apple (
K
)
icon facing you.
If you can’t place the microphone on top of the monitor, position the
microphone according to these guidelines:
m The microphone should be between one and three feet away from you.
m The microphone should be directly in front of you to minimize the
effect of background noises.
4Turn on the computer.
Next, make sure the Sound In source in your computer is set
to External Microphone.
5Open the Monitors & Sound control panel in the Apple (
K
) menu and click the
Sound icon.
45
Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer
6Click the Sound Input pop-up menu and select External Microphone.
7Click the close box in the upper-left corner of the Monitors & Sound control panel to
close it. (The control panel does not have to remain open while you’re recording.)
Yo u’re now ready to begin using your microphone.
See the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu,
for instructions on recording.
Using your monitor’s built-in micropho ne
If your monitor has a built-in microphone and you want to use it to record,
follow th ese steps:
1Open the Monitors & Sound control panel in the Control Panels folder in the
Apple (K) menu.
2Click the Sound icon.
3From the Sound Input pop-up menu, select External Microphone.
46
Chapter 3
Select External
Microphone from
the pop-up menu.
4In the Monitors & Sound control panel, mute your monitor’s built-in speakers.
You may need to click a “Monitor Sound” icon at the top of the Monitors &
Sound control panel to display your monitor’s sound controls and mute its
built-in speakers.
5In the Monitors & Sound control panel, select your monitor’s built-in microphone.
You may need to click a “Monitor Sound” icon at the top of the Monitors &
Sound control panel to display your monitor’s sound controls and select its
built-in microphone.
See the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu,
if you need further instructions on recording.
Connecting external stere o speakers
You can take advantage of your computer’s stereo sound output by attaching
externally powered (amplified) speakers.
1Assemble the speakers and the cable you need.
You need a cable with a stereo miniplug at one end to connect one or both
speakers to the computer.
Some sp eakers require a dual-plug adapter. Others, like those shown in the
next illustration, accept a single stereo miniplug and are join ed by standard
speaker wires. See the documentation that came with your speakers for
more information.
2Turn off the Macintosh.
3Plug the stereo miniplug into the sound output port (-) on the Macintosh.
Stereo miniplug
47
Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer
4Connect the speakers together with speaker wires, if necessary.
Your finished connections should look something like this:
5Turn on the computer.
Now you’re ready to hear full-range stereo sound coming from the speakers.
To adjust the overall volume, use the Monitors & Sound control panel, which
uses software inside your computer to adjust volume. (For more information,
see “Adjusting Volume and Sound,” earlier in this section.)
Connecting headphones
If your monitor has a headphone jack, you can connect headphones to it.
For more information on listening with headphones, see the “Sound” topic of
Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
Connecting external SCSI devices, such as a scanner or external hard disk
Your computer has a port for connecting devices that use the Small Computer
System Interface (SCSI, pronounced “skuh-zee”). SCSI devices commonly
used with the Macintosh include hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners,
tape or cartridge backup drives, and some printers. The SCSI port permits
high-speed communication between the computer and the device. The SCSI
icon appears undern eath the por t on the computer’s back panel.
SCSI port
SCSI icon
Audio In port
-
Sound output port
Externally
powered
speakers
48
Chapter 3
You can connect several SCSI devices to the SCSI port by linking them
together in a chain: the first device in the chain plugs into the SCSI port; the
second device plugs into the first device, and so on. You can attach up to
seven external SCSI devices to the SCSI port.
Each SCSI device connected to this chain must have its own unique ID
number (no two devices can use the same ID number). The computer itself
(the main logic board inside it) uses SCSI ID number 7.
IMPORTANT
The material that follows—“Before You Connect a Device” and
“Connecting a SCSI Device”—contains general instructions for attaching SCSI
devices to your computer. Make sure you also follow the specific instructions
that came with the SCSI device you are connecting to your Macintosh.
Before you connect a device
Before you connect a SCSI device to your Macintosh, be sure to complete the
tasks explained in this section.
IMPORTANT
This section contains general instructions for attaching SCSI
devices to your computer. Be sure also to follow the specific instructions that
came with your external hard disk drive or other SCSI device when
connecting the device to your Macintosh. The specific instructions that came
with the device tell how to change a device’s ID number and attach a SCSI
cable or terminator to the device.
Make sure each device has a unique ID
Each SCSI device connected to your computer must have its own, unique
ID number from 0 to 6. The SCSI ID number helps the computer keep track
of the devices and sort out conflicts when more than one device in the
SCSI chain is communicating with the computer simultaneously.
Make sure other SCSI devices you add to the chain do not use ID numbers
that are already assigned. See the instructions that came with each SCSI
device for information on checking and setting its SCSI ID number.
IMPORTANT
If you use two or more devices attached to the same SCSI
interface with the same ID number, your equipment could malfunction and
you could lose data as a result.
49
Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer
The SCSI devices can be in any physical order in the chain; it is not necessary
to arrange them i n numerical order.
Make sure you use the right type and length of cable
To attach a SCSI device to your computer or to another device in the chain,
always use SCSI cables that are double-shielded, such as Apple SCSI cables.
Never use printer-type RS-232 cables (commonly used with DOS and
Windows computers). Poor quality SCSI cables are often the cause of
SCSI problems.
Avoid mixing brands, types, or styles of SCSI cables.
If the device is the first or only one you’re connecting, use a SCSI system
cable to connect it to the computer’s SCSI port:
If the device is not the first one, use a SCSI peripheral interface cable to
connect it to the last device in the chain:
IMPORTANT
The total length of the cables in a SCSI chain should not exceed
6 meters (about 20 feet). SCSI cables must have a 110-ohm impedance. For
best results, use SCSI cables manufactured by Apple Computer.
Keep the cables between SCSI devices as short as possible. Cables 18 to 24
inches are best. Some SCSI devices (particularly scanners) may not be able to
work with cables longer than 24 inches.
SCSI peripheral interface cable
SCSI system cable
50
Chapter 3
Term in ate t he SCSI chain properly
To ensure accurate transmission of information, a terminator must be at each
end of a SCSI chain. There is a built-in terminator at the beginning of the
chain. You need to make sure that the last device in the chain has a terminator.
IMPORTANT
In most cases, only the first and last devices in the SCSI chain
should be terminated. Make sure that no external SCSI device other than the
last one has a terminator.
To te r mina te the last device in the chain:
m If your SCSI device has a built-in terminator, use it as the last device in
the chai n.
If you wish to attach two or more SCSI devices that have built-in
terminators, an Apple-authorized service provider can remove the extra
built-in terminators.
m If the device at the end of the SCSI chain does not have a built-in
terminator, attach an external termi nator. You can attach or remove external
terminators yourself. (Do not use a black terminator; the black terminators
are for Macintosh IIfx computers and certain LaserWriter printers.)
Exceptions to the “first and last” rule: If the SCSI chain is 18 inches or
shorter, the terminator on the last device is not needed. If a total cable
length in the chain is greater than 10 feet, the chain may need a third
terminator at the 10-foot point. Do not add the third terminator unless you
are experiencing a SCSI problem, and check all other possible causes of
the problem b efore adding the third terminator. (See the information on
troubleshooting SCSI problems in Chapter 9 of this manual.)
External SCSI terminator
51
Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer
Connecting a SCSI device
Be sure to read the previous section, “Before You Connect a Device,” before
following the instructions here. Use these general instructions in conjunction
with the instructions that came with your SCSI device:
1Turn off your Macintosh.
2Make sure the SCSI device is switched off.
3Use a SCSI cable to connect the device either to the computer’s SCSI port or to the last
SCSI device already in the chain.
IMPORTANT
Make sure that the last (or only) device in the SCSI chain has a
terminator and that no other external SCSI device has a terminator.
Otherwise, the computer may not be able to start up.
Use the thumbscrews and metal clips on the connectors to create a tight,
reliable connection.
4Turn on all devices in your SCSI chain.
IMPORTANT
Always turn on any external SCSI devices connected to your
Macintosh before turning on the computer itself. Otherwise, your computer
won’t be able to recognize that the SCSI devices are connected to it and your
computer may not be able to start up.
Even if you don’t plan to use a device, you must still turn it on to ensure that
signals pass properly along the SCSI chain.
WARNING
Do not connect or disconnect any device while the device or
your Macintosh is turned on. Doing so could damage the device, your
computer, or both.
52
Chapter 3
5Install any necessary device drivers (software that makes a device work with your
computer).
Drivers usually come on a floppy disk with the device. (If no drivers come
with the device, contact the device’s manufacturer.)
Note: If you experience problems after connecting a SCSI device, see the
troubleshooting information in Chapter 9 for possible solutions.
Replacing intern al storage devices
Your Macintosh comes with three internal storage devices—a floppy disk
drive, a CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drive, and a hard disk
drive. If you want to replace any of these internal drives, see your
Apple-authorized dealer.
53
Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer
55
Your computer came with a number of application programs already installed.
You open these programs by clicking their buttons in the Launcher. The
Apple Extras folder on your hard disk also contains some programs.
You can find backup copies of all your computer’s preinstalled application
programs on the
Macintosh Restore CD and other restore CDs that came with
your computer. If you ever need to restore (reinstall) one or more of the
preinstalled programs, see the section “Copying Files From the MacintoshRestore CD to Your Hard Disk” in Chapter 8. If you ever need to restore all of
the prei nstalled programs, start at the beginning of that chapter.
Installing application pro grams
You may want to buy and install additional application programs. See the
manuals you receive with these applications for instructions on installing and
using them.
To use your applications most effectively, follow these guidelines:
m Read the manuals you received with the program if you have a problem.
m Put only one copy of each application on your hard disk. Having more than
one copy can cause errors.
m Whenever you copy an application from its disk to your hard disk, be
careful not to copy a System Folder.
Read this chapter to learn how to work
with application programs.
4
Installing and Using Application Programs
56
Chapter 4
m If a program malfunctions consistently, try i nstalling a fresh copy. If that
doesn’t help, find out from the software manufacturer whether your
version of the program is compatible with your computer model and your
system software.
Note: You may want to put your application programs in the Launcher where
they can be accessed by the simple click of a button. To put a program in the
Launcher, drag the program’s icon or its alias into the Launcher window or
onto the Applications category button in the Launcher. (To make an alias of a
program, select its icon and choose Make Alias from the File menu. For more
information about the Launcher, see the “Tips & Features” topic area of
Macintosh Guide [or Mac OS Guide].)
Installing progr ams from a flo ppy disk
In most cases, you install application programs on your internal hard disk
from floppy disks. The following illustration shows how to insert a floppy
disk into your computer’s floppy disk drive.
For instructions on how to eject floppy disks, see the “Disks” topic area of
Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
Insert the floppy disk, metal
end first, into the floppy disk
drive of your computer.
57
Installing and Using Application Programs
Installing applications from a CD-ROM disc
Sometimes you’ll install a n application program on your internal hard disk
from a CD-ROM disc that contains the program. (For instructions on using a
CD-ROM disc, see “Inserting a CD-ROM Disc” and “Ejecting a CD-ROM
Disc” in Chapter 5.)
Foll ow thes e ge neral guidelines whe n installing applications from a CD-ROM
disc and also check the disc itself for specific instructions:
m If there is a program Installer icon on the CD-ROM disc, double-click the
icon to install the program on your hard disk. When the installation
finishes, click the new version of the program’s icon on your hard disk to
open it.
m If instructions tell you to copy the disc’s application program to your hard
disk, do so by dragging the program’s icon to your hard disk. However, do
not follow any instructions on the CD-ROM disc to copy such items as
QuickTime, Sound Manager, or System Folder files to your hard disk. Your
computer already comes with the most up-to-date versions of these items,
which have been tested for compatibility with each other and all the other
software on your Macintosh. By replacing your hard disk’s items with the
versions on the CD-ROM, you may be installing outdated or incompatible
software, which could cause problems.
Note: You don’t have to copy or install a program every time you want to use
the program, only the first time. However, to use some interactive applications
that come on a CD-ROM disc, the disc must be in the CD-ROM drive and its
icon visible on your desktop, even if you have previously installed the
application on your hard disk.
58
Chapter 4
IMPORTANT
Never drag an entire CD-ROM disc icon to your hard disk.
Copying the CD-ROM disc itself will take up most or all of the space on your
hard disk.
Working with several applications at a time
You can open as many application applications and desk accessories (miniapplications that you usually open through the Apple [K] menu) as your
computer’s memory allows.
All open applications are listed in the Application menu at the right end of
the menu bar. You can find out which program is active and which other
applications are open by pulling down the Application menu. The name of the
active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it,
and its icon appears in the menu bar.
The Finder icon
Commands to hide or
display open windows
Applications that are open
A checkmark
indicates the
active application.
Don’t drag extension icons
like these to your hard disk,
even if the CD-ROM disc
tells you to do it.
Drag application icons or
folders like these to your hard
disk or double-click an
Installer icon.
Hard disk
59
Installing and Using Application Programs
Switching applications
You can switch to another open application by choosing its name from the
Application menu.
If an application’s icon is dimmed in the Application menu, that means its
windows are hidden. You can still choose the application from the menu,
however, to display the application’s windows.
You can also switch to another application by clicking in a window that
belongs to an open application, by double-clicking an application icon, or by
double-clicking the icon of a document that was created with the application.
Hiding and showing w indows on the desktop
You can hide all windows except those of the active application by opening
the Application menu and choosing Hide Others.
The other applications remain open even though their windows are hidden.
When you switch to another application, its windows become visible again.
If you want to see all the open windows, open the Application menu and
choose Show All.
Incre a sing memory available to run ap plications
In most cases, your computer already contains enough random-access
memory (RAM) to run several applications and keep a large number of
windows open at one time. There are times, however, when you need even
more RAM for applications to run or to open an even greater number of
windows. You can increase the amount of available RAM with a computer
feature called virtual memory, which uses free space on your computer’s hard
disk as if it were RAM. If you choose to use virtual memory, keep in mind
that it may also result in slightly slower computer performance. See the
“Memory” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu,
for more information. Also see the document titled “About Virtual Memory”
in the Documents folder on your desktop.
IMPORTANT
Virtual memory may keep some applications from running at
their best speed. Don’t turn on virtual memory unless you need to keep
several applications open at once. You should turn it off when you no longer
need it. (You can turn virtual memory on or off by using the Memory control
panel in the Control Panels folder in the Apple [K] menu.)
Note: If you turn on both virtual memory and a RAM disk in the Memory
control panel, don’t set both of them at or near their maximum values. A
RAM disk uses RAM as if it were hard disk space. Using both can result in
unpredictable or reduced performance by your computer.
Protecting th e information on a disk
When you have a valuable paper document like a birth certificate, you
probably make an extra copy of it for safekeeping. Similarly, you should make
copies of the documents you create on your computer. T h e extra copy is
called a backup, and the process of making the copy is called backing up.
Once you have a backup, you’re protected from accidentally losing the
information on your hard disk. In the unlikely event that something happens
to your hard disk, you can easily get the information back.
Making backup copies of your documents
Follow these tips for making backup copies of the documents on your
computer:
m Regularly make copies of the documents you create.
m You can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them to
floppy disks.
m You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk
of the sa m e capacity or larger, or by copying it to a hard disk.
m If a file is too large to fit onto a single floppy disk, you need to use a
commercial backup application to copy the file onto multiple floppy disks.
m You can use a commercial backup application to copy new and changed
files from a hard disk to another hard disk, to a tape drive, or to a series of
floppy disks.
m If your computer is on a network, you may be able to back up files by
copying them to a shared disk on the network.
60
Chapter 4
A helpful tip: A good way to remember which documents you have stored
where is to print a copy of the items you’ve stored in a folder. For instructions
on printing the contents of a folder, see the “Printing” topic area of Macintosh
Guide, available in t he Guide (h) menu.
Restoring the information on your hard disk
Your computer’s hard disk comes with valuable information already stored
on it, including system software and some applications. If information on your
hard disk becomes damaged or lost, you can restore it if you have a backup
copy of th e infor ma tio n. The Macintosh Restore CD contai ns copies of all the
system software and applications that came with your computer. See Chapter
8, “Reinstalling Your Computer’s Software,” for instructions on using the
Macintosh Restore CD to reinstall software.
It is also helpful for easy reference to keep a printed copy of the items in your
Syst em Fold er. For instr uctions on printing the contents of a folder, see the
“Printing” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
Using app li cations designed for the PowerPC microprocessor
Your Macintosh is compatible with most applications intended for use with
Macintosh computers, but certain applications are designed especially for
computers that have the PowerPC microprocessor. Sometimes called “native”
applications, these applications take best advantage of your computer’s speed.
Special me mory require ments
Some native applications may be slightly larger than other applications and
may take up more memory. If you find that you are running out of memory
when you use one of these applications, you can use space on your computer’s
hard disk as additional memory, which is called virtual memory. For
instructions on how to use virtual memory, see the “Memory” area topic of
Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
You can also add more memory to your computer, as described in Chapter 10,
“Installing Expansion Cards and Additional Memory.”
61
Installing and Using Application Programs
Using older Macintosh applications
If you experience problems using an older Macintosh application, it may be
incompatible with your Macintosh. You may be able to use your older
application if you turn off Modern Memory Manager. To do this, open the
Apple (K) menu, open the Control Panels submenu, and select the Memory
control panel. Then turn off Modern Memory Manager.
62
Chapter 4
This chapter provides information on the CD-ROM drive (also called a
CD-ROM player). Refer to Appendix A, “Health, Safety, and Mai ntena nce
Tips,” for information on the proper handling of CD-ROM discs.
With your internal CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drive, you
have access to large amounts of information. The CD-ROM drive can read the
contents of CD-ROM discs, standard audio compact discs (CDs), and singlesession or multisession Photo CDs. However, you cannot use the drive to save
information on CD-ROM discs. ROM stands for
read-only memory, meaning
that the drive cannot “write” information onto CD-ROM discs.
A wide selection of CD-ROM discs is available for entertainment,
education, and business. A typical disc can hold over 650 megabytes (MB) of
information—the equivalent of 270,000 pages of text, up to 8 hours of speech
or music (depending on the sound quality), hundreds of high-resolution
images, or any combination of text, sound, and graphics.
63
5
Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive
Read this chapter for information about
your computer’s CD-ROM drive.
64
Chapter 5
Inse rting a CD-ROM disc
Follow these instructions to insert a CD-ROM disc into your CD-ROM drive.
Then follow the instructions provided with your disc, as well as the
instructions in this manual.
IMPORTANT
Some CD-ROM disc labels have artwork on them that can cause
the dis c to be slightly off-center when it rotates in the drive. This may make
the computer vibrate. See the next section, “If Your CD-ROM Disc Vibrates
in the CD-ROM Drive,” for more information.
1Start up your computer, if it’s not already on.
2Press the Open/Close button to open the tray of the CD-ROM drive.
The tray opens.
3Place a CD-ROM disc in the tray, with the disc label facing up.
Make sure the disc is lying flat and centered in the tray.
If you are using a small (8 cm) disc, make sure the disc is centered within the
inside ring on the tray.
Place the CD disc, label side
up, in the CD-ROM
drive tray.
Open/Close button
65
Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive
4Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.
In a few moments, an icon for the CD-ROM disc appears on your screen.
Note: The tray on your CD-ROM drive automatically closes when you shut
down your computer. You may want to open the tray and take out your
CD-ROM disc before shutting down.
If your CD-ROM disc vibrates in the CD-ROM drive
Some CD-ROM disc labels have artwork on them that can cause the disc’s
weight to be slightly off-center. Occasionally, this uneven distribution of
weight coupled with the high rotation speed of your CD-ROM drive can cause
a disc to wobble in the drive and cause your computer to vibrate. If your
computer does begin to vibrate, you don’t need to do anything special;
continue to use the CD-ROM disc as you normally would. The vibration
damages neither the CD-ROM disc nor the computer.
Note: Removing a label from a disc that vibrates may eliminate the vibration.
Eje cting a CD-ROM disc
Foll ow thes e instructions to open the CD-ROM drive tray and eject a
CD-ROM disc from your computer.
IMPORTANT
You may not be able to eject a disc if it is shared (available to
other computers). To turn off file sharing, use the Sharing Setup control panel
in the Control Panels folder, which is available in the Apple (
K) menu.
1Open the tray.
There are several ways to open the tray of your CD-ROM drive.
If a CD-ROM disc icon appears on your screen, use one of these methods:
m Select the disc icon on your screen and drag the icon to the Trash. (You won’t
lose information on the CD-ROM disc by dragging its icon to the Trash.)
m Click the disc icon and choose the Put Away command in the File menu.
IMPORTANT
Don’t click the disc icon and choose Eject Disk from the
Special menu. If you do this, the computer still holds the CD-ROM disc in
its memory and keeps asking you to reinsert it.
m If the AppleCD Audio Player window is active, choose Eject CD from the
File menu, or simultaneously press the x and E keys. (AppleCD Audio
Player, a program that allows you to play audio CDs and to control your
CD-ROM player, is available in the Apple [K]menu.)
If no CD-ROM disc icon appears on your screen, do this:
m Press the Open/Close button for your CD-ROM drive.
2Take the CD-ROM disc out of the tray.
Store your disc in a safe place, away from heat, dust, and moisture.
3Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.
To avoid possible damage to the tray and the CD-ROM drive, keep the tray
closed when you are not using it.
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Chapter 5
67
Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive
Using the CD-ROM discs that came with your computer
Sometimes you’ll install a n application program on your internal hard disk
from a CD-ROM disc that contains the program. (For instructions on using a
CD-ROM disc, see “Inserting a CD-ROM Disc” and “Ejecting a CD-ROM
Disc” earlier in this chapter.)
Foll ow thes e ge neral guidelines whe n installing applications from a CD-ROM
disc and also check the disc itself for specific instructions:
m If there is an Installer icon on the CD-ROM disc, double-click the icon to
install the program on your hard disk. When the installation finishes, click
the new version of the program’s icon on your hard disk to open it.
m If instructions tell you to copy the disc’s application program to your hard
disk, do so by dragging the program’s icon to your hard disk. However, do
not follow any instructions on the CD-ROM disc to copy such items as
QuickTime, Sound Manager, or System Folder files to your hard disk. Your
computer already comes with the most up-to-date versions of these items,
which have been tested for compatibility with each other and all the other
software on your Macintosh. By replacing your hard disk’s items with the
versions on the CD-ROM, you may be installing outdated or incompatible
software, which could cause problems.
By the way: You don’t have to copy or install a program every time you
want to use the program, only the first time. However, to use some
interactive applications that come on a CD-ROM disc, the disc must be in
the CD-ROM drive and its icon visible on your desktop, even if you have
previously installed the application on your hard disk.
IMPORTANT
Never drag an entire CD-ROM disc icon to your hard disk.
Copying the CD-ROM disc itself will take up most or all of the space on your
hard disk.
Types of compact discs you can use
Not a ll CD-ROM discs store information in the same way. A disc stores and
displays information according to a particular file format. Your computer’s
system software must understand the file format in order to use the contents
of the disc.
Standard file formats
You can use CD-ROM discs with these standard file formats:
m HFS (Hierarchical File System)—the standard format used by the
Macintosh.
m ISO 9660—the Inter national Standards Organization’s file format for
CD-ROM discs. This format has been adopted by many CD manufacturers
to make their discs compatible with a variety of computers. It is also the
format that allows you to use Photo CDs in your CD-ROM drive.
68
Chapter 5
Don’t drag extension icons
like these to your hard disk,
even if the CD-ROM disc
tells you to do it.
Drag application icons or
folders like these to your hard
disk, or double-click an
Installer icon.
Hard disk
m The High Sierra format, a predecessor of the ISO 9660 format.
m Photo CDs.
m Audio CDs.
The software that lets you use discs with these file formats is already installed
on your computer.
Other CD-ROM formats
Your CD-ROM drive also works with file formats other than the ones listed
above (for example, CD-ROM XA) if you install the appropriate software on
your Macintosh. To find out about the availability of Macintosh software for
additional file formats, contact the publisher of a particular disc.
Audio CDs
Your CD-ROM drive can play audio CDs and audio tracks on CD-ROM discs
using your computer’s built-in speaker. You can also attach headphones or
speakers to your computer for stereo sound. For further information, see
“Playing Audio CDs” later in this chapter. Also see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic
area of Macintosh Guide (or Mac OS Guide), available in the Guide (h) menu.
Photo CDs
With your CD-ROM drive, you can use QuickTime to open digitized images
stored on Photo CDs.
For more information on Photo CDs, see “Working With Photo CDs” later in
this chapter. Also see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic area of Macintosh Guide,
available i n the Guide (h) menu.
69
Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive
Playing audio CDs
With your CD-ROM drive and your computer’s built-in speaker, you can play
audio compact discs (CDs) or audio tracks on CD-ROM discs. You can also
attach headphones or speakers to the computer to listen to audio tracks. See
Chapter 3 for information on connecting sound equipment to your computer.
To st art, stop, and otherwise control audio CDs, use the AppleCD Audio
Player program, available in the Apple (K) menu. Your audio CD software
will only play tracks that contain audio information. With the AppleCD
Audio Player program, you can listen to an audio CD or audio tracks while
doing other work on your computer. For more information about playing
audio CDs, see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic area of Macintosh Guide,
available i n the Guide (h) menu.
Working with Photo CDs
With your CD-ROM drive and software, you can open Photo CD images
stored on Photo CDs. A Photo CD image is a digitized version of a standard
photograph that you can open and view on your computer screen.
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Chapter 5
You can do many things with the images on your Photo CDs:
m open and view the images individually
m view the images in a series, as you would view a slide presentation
m copy a nd save the images, print them, paste them into word-processing
documents or other documents that accept graphics, and edit them with a
graphics application program
Photo CD images are an excellent source of graphics for desktop publishing,
multimedia presentations, business documents, and professional-quality
graphic design. For more information on working with Photo CD images,
see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the
Guide (h) menu.
Obtain i ng Photo CDs
Your own photographs can be recorded as Photo CD images on a Photo CD.
To obtain a photo CD of your own photographs, take your standard 35-mm
film to a photofinisher who has a Photo CD system. The photofinisher
develops your film, digitizes the photographs, and gives you back a Photo CD
containing your images. A single Photo CD can hold approximately one
hundred images.
If your Photo CD isn’t full, you can take it back to the photofinisher and have
more photos added until the disc is full. Such discs are called multisessiondiscs because they contain images added after the first session. Your CD-ROM
drive can read both single-session and multisession Photo CDs. (Other
CD-ROM drives can read only single-session discs and are unable to read the
additional images placed on a multisession disc.)
Before viewing th e contents of a Photo CD
You can open Photo CD images with the Simple Text program that came with
your computer. If you wish, you can use a graphics or image-editing program
instead of SimpleText. For instructions, see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic of
Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. If you use SimpleText to
view high-resolution images, you should increase the amount of memory that
SimpleText uses. For more information about memory, see the “Memory”
topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h).
71
Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive
A note about resolution
When a Photo CD is created, its images are recorded at five different levels of
resolution. The higher the resolution, the more information is recorded about
the image and the sharper the image appears when displayed or printed at
larger sizes. However, high-resolution images take up a lot of memory—up to
18 MB of data for one photograph–which increases file size, as well as the
amount of time it takes to display or print an image.
It’s best to work with a resolution appropriate for your monitor or printer.
Some monitors and printers cannot display or print very high-resolution
images.
Sharing a CD-ROM disc over a network
You can share a CD-ROM disc with other computer users over a network by
using the file-sharing feature of System 7.5. If your disc has audio portions,
you will be able to hear the audio yourself, but other people on the network
will not. Likewise, you cannot hear the audio portions of discs you access
over a network.
IMPORTANT
You may not be able to eject a disc if it is shared. To turn off file
sharing, use the Sharing Setup control panel in the Control Panels folder,
which i s in the Apple (K) menu.
For further information about file sharing in System 7.5, see the “Sharing
Files” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.
72
Chapter 5
73
This chapter discusses how you use your Macintosh to connect to the fastest
growing organization on earth: the online community. This community
gathers in private places provided by subscriber-only services and in the
public space called the
Internet. Wit h a modem and the right software, you
have a couple of options for reaching these meeting places. Once you arrive
you can exchange e-mail messages, browse the World Wide Web, gather
information on topics of interest to you, participate in discussion groups,
download software, and use many other services. This chapter provides some
explanations and instructions to help you connect.
6
Using Your Modem to Connect to the Internet
or an Online Service
Read this chapter for information
about the Internet and online
service software that is included
with your computer.
About the Internet and its language
The Internet, or “Net” as it’s sometimes called, is a loosely knit federation of
computer networks that “speak” the same language. The language in this case,
is a co mmunications standard known as the Internet protoc ol, or IP.
No one individual or company owns the Intern et, and the individual
computers and the networks of computers knitted into it are located all over
the world. Originally created for military purposes, the Inter net developed
dramatically as universities began using it to share information and data. It
has now become an expansive resource for millions of users around the
world, catering to virtually every imaginable interest.
You may have come upon the term TCP/IP, or Tran smiss ion Control Protocol.
TCP/IP is the series of protocols used for sending data across the Internet.
Sending a message across the Internet involves a three-step process. First, a
network computer breaks up the data that make up the message into several
smaller data packages, each of which conforms to a strict set of guidelines.
These guidelines are called TCP. Once the computer has properly prepared the
packages, it sends them out for delivery. The packets’ addresses, directions on
how to deliver them, and other routing specifications are dictated by the other
set of guidelines mentioned earlier, Internet Protocol (IP). Because of the
Internet’s complexity, the packages may not travel together, even though they
are bound for the same address, and may even arrive at different times. Using
TCP, the computer at the receiving end unscrambles the packets and sorts the
data to re-create the original message.
Using your modem to connect to an Internet service provider or an online service
Once you have physically connected your modem to a phone line, you have
several choices to make before you can get to the Internet. First, you must
connect to and open an account with an electronic service provider. Providers
fall generally into two categories: Internet service providers (ISPs) and online
services. Each has its distinct qualities; both charge a fee for your account.
Your Macintosh comes with two software packages that give you the choice of
connecting with an ISP or an online service. The software items are the Apple
Internet Connection Kit (AICK) and America Online (AOL), respectively.
74
Chapter 6
Connecting with the Apple Internet Connection Kit
As the name implies, the facilities of an Intern et Service Provider let you use
your computer to get onto the Intern et. Although some ISPs offer other
services, Internet access is their main business. Once you connect with an
ISP, you have unlimited access to the Internet because your connection with
the ISP actually turns your computer into a part of the network itself.
All the software you need to connect with an ISP is included with your
computer in the Apple Inter net Connection Kit (AICK). This software
package helps you select and set up an account with one of several ISPs and
helps you set up your Internet connection software. AICK also contains
several other software utilities designed for the Internet. For more
information and instructions, see the manual and online h elp that come
with AICK.
Connecting with America Online
Unlike ISPs, online services provide additional services for their members
alone. An online service may offer e-mail, updated news, sports scores, and
stock price updates, special chat groups, and other services as well as a
connection to the Internet. Some, like AOL, also offer their own software for
use on the Internet. Online ser vices work differently from ISPs in that they
filter and funnel some of the data before you receive it and do not make your
computer an actual part of the Internet. This allows such services to tailor the
Internet access they provide their members. For example, Internet sites
deemed not suitable for children can be placed off limits. You might consider
this in deciding whether to select an online service or an ISP.
Your computer includes the software needed to connect with America Online
(AOL). Because AOL is very easy to use it may be the best choice if you have
never used an online service or the Internet before. You can open the AOL
software by double-clicking its icon. Check the onscreen help that comes with
the software for assistance on establishing an account with AOL.
75
Using Your Modem to Connect to the Internet or an Online Service
What the c onne c tion software does
Once you have selected a service that will get you to the Internet, you must
first establish a phone link with the service and configure your modem so
that it can “speak” with the service’s computers. Like the TCP/IP language
spoken among computers on the Internet, your modem communicates with
the service’s computers in a n industry-standard language, called Poin t-to-PointProtocol, or PPP. The data sent by your computer in PPP is converted by the
service’s computers into TCP/IP and then is sent out over the Inter net. When
data arrives from the Internet, the translation process occurs in reverse.
When you use AICK, the Internet Dialer program establishes and configures
the PPP connection between your modem and the chosen ISP. A similar piece
of software sets up the connection when you use AOL. See the i nstructions
that come w i th AICK and AOL for more information.
What you can do on the Internet
The complexity of the Internet makes it possible to communicate across it in
a variety of ways, including exchanging e-mail, teleconferencing, and
retrieving files. Both AICK and AOL provide you with software required for
some of these forms of communication. (For more information, refer to the
relevant manual and online help for AICK and AOL.)
Brows e the World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (also known as the Web) is the fastest growing part of
the Internet. You view information on the Web by using software called a
Web b rowser. You can view color images, animation, and video, and even hear
sound. The “documents” that you view on the Web are known as Web pages,
a collection of which is called a Web si te . Web pages and sites contain links to
other pages and sites. When you click a word or image that has been
designated as a link, your browser automatically displays the contents of the
linked page. Following is a portion of the “home page” of the Apple
Computer web site.
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Chapter 6
E-mail
You use electronic mail, or e-mail, to exchange information in much the
same way that you use paper mail, except that e-mail is faster and more
convenient. It is as easy to send a message to a single recipient as it is to send
the sam e message to many recipients. You can also attach entire electronic
files to e-mail.
Newsgroups
You can participate in “newsgroups”—worldwide public discussion groups for
debating issues and for exchanging information. You can subscribe to a
news group for almost any topic imaginable, and you can read, respond to, and
create your own messages, usually referred to as articles. Most newsgroups are
unmoderated, which means that you can post your articles directly to the
news group. Other newsgroups are moderated, which means someone screens
the articles and posts only those deemed appropriate for the newsgroup.
77
Using Your Modem to Connect to the Internet or an Online Service
FTP
You can use File Tra nsfer Protocol (FTP) software to transfer files to or from
other computers on the Internet. Many specialized computers known as
servers provide Intern et users with files through FTP. FTP software comes in
handy when you want to download (copy to your computer) software or
software updates over the Inter net.
Telnet
With Telnet so ftwa re you can log onto other computers so that you can use
their programs and data as if those items were on your own hard disk. Many
libraries, for instance, have electronic (online) card catalogs that you can
access by using Telnet software. There are a variety of other specialized
databases that you can access through Telnet.
78
Chapter 6
79
Any group of computers and other devices connected in order to
communicate with each other constitutes a network. Some networks connect
all their computers by a particular type of cable. Such networks are called a
local area network (LAN). LANs can be as simple as two computers
connected together or as complex as a business’s in-house computer network.
Sometimes groups of networks connect to form a larger network, such as the
Internet. This is called a wide area network (WAN). This chapter discusses
several types of LANs to which you can connect your computer.
Connecting to a network expands the features of your computer by giving
you access to the services and resources provided on the network. For
example, your computer by itself lets you store, retrieve, and modify
information on floppy disks, hard disks, and CD-ROM discs. When your
computer is connected to a network, however, you can also store and retrieve
information on the hard disks and CD-ROM discs of other computers, use
electronic mail, and share computing resources such as printers, modems,
and network services.
You can get much of the specific information about the network you want to
connect to from the
network administrator—the p e rson who oversees the
network’s operation. Before you begin connecting to a network, contact its
network administrator.
7
Connecting Your Computer to a Network
Read this chapter for information
about connecting to other computers
in a local area network.
Your computer can be connected to several kinds of networks including
the following :
m
LocalTalk
To connect to a LocalTalk network, you connect a LocalTalk
cable to the printer por t on your computer.
m
Ethernet
To connect to a high-speed Ethernet network, you need an
Ethernet card installed in the communication or PCI (peripheral
component interconnect) slot in your computer.
m
Alternative networks such as token ring, ISDN, or Fiber Distributed Data
Interface (FDDI)
To connect to any of these networks, you need to install a
PCI card for the specific type of network you want to connect to in one of
the PCI slots in your computer.
This chapter describes how to connect to and configure your computer on
LocalTalk and Ethernet n etworks. For other network-related information,
refer to the appropriate information source.
m If your computer is already connected to a network, refer to Macintosh
Guide (or Mac OS Guide), available in the Guide (h) menu, for
information about printing on a networked printer, accessing information
on file servers, and sharing files on your computer with other users. Also,
your network administrator can provide information about network
software that may be available, such as Internet access and electronic mail.
m If your location does not currently have a network and you are interested
in setting one up, refer to a book on Macintosh networking that will help
you select and plan a network appropriate for your organization. Many
books are available, such as Planning and Managing AppleTalk Networks,
an Apple book published by Addison-Wesley, which is available at
computer bookstores.
Note: Wi th a modem, you can connect to the Internet and other online
services. However, with an Ethernet card or LocalTalk connection (described
in this chapter), you can also connect your computer to other computers or
servers in a local area network. You may also be able to reach the Intern et if
you connect to a network that has an Internet link. (Access to the Internet over
a network may be noticeably faster than access by a modem. For information
on using your modem to connect to different services, see Chapter 6.)
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Chapter 7
Connecting to a LocalTalk n etw o rk
To connect your Macintosh to a LocalTalk network, you will need LocalTalk
cables and a LocalTalk adapter. In most cases, the Apple LocalTalk Locking
Connector Kit DIN-8, available from your Apple-authorized dealer, contains
the components you need to connect your Macintosh to an existing LocalTalk
network. If your network uses standard telephone cables for your network
wiring, obtain an Apple LocalTalk RJ-11 Connector instead.
To connect your Macintosh to a LocalTalk network, do the following:
1Shut down your computer.
2Attach the LocalTalk adapter to the printer port or modem port on your computer.
3Attach a network cable between the LocalTalk adapter connected to your computer and a
LocalTalk adapter on your existing network.
IMPORTANT
While connecting to the middle of the network you may interrupt
other users. Check with your network administrator before you connect.
Printer port icon
Printer port
LocalTalk adapterLocalTalk adapter
Apple LocalTalk RJ-11 ConnectorApple LocalTalk Locking Connector Kit DIN-8
LocalTalk cable
Standard telephone cable
81
Connecting Your Computer to a Network
If you connect to the last computer in the network, you need to attach a
network terminator to your LocalTalk adapter.
If you are using the Apple LocalTalk Locking Connector Kit DIN-8, use the
LocalTalk cable that comes with the kit to connect to a network with
LocalTalk cables. If you are using the Apple LocalTalk RJ-11 Connector, use a
standard telephone cable with RJ-11 connectors.
4Configure your LocalTalk connection following the advice of your network administrator
and the instructions in “Configuring Your Network Connection” later in this chapter.
Printer port
LocalTalk adapter
LocalTalk cable
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Chapter 7
Connecting to an Ethernet network
Ethernet is a cable system that lets your computer communicate with other
computers much faster than it can with LocalTalk cables. To connect your
computer to an Ethernet network, you need to do the following:
m Find out from your network administrator what kind of Ethernet network
you’ re connecting to.
m Purchase and install the right kind of Ethernet card and cable. Refer to the
next section in this chapter for information about how to choose the
correct card for your computer. Refer to Chapter 10, “Installing Expansion
Cards and Additional Memory,” for instructions on installing cards in
your computer.
m Connect the card to the network. Refer to instructions later in this chapter
for connecting the card to the type of Ethernet network you have.
m Configure the network connection. Refer to the instructions in “Configuring
Your Network Connection,” later in this chapter, for information.
Choosing an Ethernet card
If you decide to add an Ethernet card to your computer, the kind of Ethernet
card you should purchase depends on two factors—where the card will be
installed in your computer and what kind of network you’ll be connecting to.
Depending on the type of card you install, you may also need an appropriate
media adapter.
Wher e to install the card
The easiest way to add an Ethern et card to your computer is to purchase and
install an Ethernet card that uses the computer’s PCI (peripheral component
interconnect) slot.
Some E thernet card s, su ch a s the Apple Ethernet CS II card, use the
communication slot of your computer. Since your computer comes with an
internal modem card already installed in this slot, you will first have to
remove the modem card if you want to install an Ethernet card here. (In this
case, the internal modem will no longer be available, so you may want to
connect an external modem to your computer.)
83
Connecting Your Computer to a Network
m If your Ethernet card uses a PCI slot, follow the instructions in “Installing
a PCI Card” in the section “Installing an Expansion Card” in Chapter 10,
and the instr uctions that came with the card.
m If your Ethernet card uses the communication slot (often referred to as an
Apple Et hernet Comm II card or a CS II card), follow the instructions for
removing the modem card and installing the Ethernet card in “Installing a
Communication Card” in the section “Installing an Expansion Card” in
Chapter 10 and the instructions that came with the card.
Network type
Find out what kind of network you will be connecting to (your network
administrator should be able to provide this information). Depending on the
kind of network, you will choose among cards that use one of these types
of cables:
m thin or thick coaxial (or “coax”) cable, also called 10Base-2
m 10Base-T (twisted pair) cable
m fiber-optic media or other standard Ethernet cable
For example, if you know that your Ethernet network uses 10Base-T cables,
and you want to continue to use your communication slot for the internal
modem card, you would purchase a 10Base-T Ethernet card that fits in a
PCI slot.
Media adapters
You can connect direct ly to an Ether net network using a 10Base-T twisted-pair
cable. However, to connect your computer to an Ethernet n etwork using
coaxial cabl es, you need one of the following Ethernet media adapters:
m Apple Et hernet Thin Coax Transceiver
m Apple Et hernet AUI Adapter
See your Apple-authorized dealer for more information on Apple Ethernet
media adapters.
WARNING
Do not connect cables to the back of your computer when the
power is on, or you may damage your system.
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Chapter 7
Connecting to a twisted-pair Ethernet network
Follow this procedure to connect your Macintosh to an Ethern et n etwork that
uses twisted-pair cable. (You can’t connect to an Ethernet network unless you
installed an Ethern et card. If your computer didn’t come with an Ether net
card already installed, see the information at the beginning of this section,
“Connecting to an Ethernet Network.”) You need a twisted-pair patch cord
with an RJ-45 telephone-style connector, which you plug into a wall plate
connected to the existing 10Base-T Ethernet network.
IMPORTANT
Be careful not to plug a regular telephone cable into your RJ-45
connector. Although it works very differently, an RJ-45 connector looks very
similar to a standard telephone cable. Also, the connectors at the ends of the
cables will fit into both telephone and twisted-pair Ethernet ports. Make sure
you are using an RJ-45 connector cable.
To connect your Macintosh to a twisted-pair Ether net network, follow these
instructions:
1Shut down your computer.
2Plug one end of the twisted-pair patch cord into the 10Base-T Ethernet port on
the Ethernet card in your Macintosh.
Status light (lights up when there’s a good network connection)
Twisted-pair Ethernet port (10Base-T)
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Connecting Your Computer to a Network
3Plug the other end of the twisted-pair patch cord into an RJ-45 wall outlet that is
connected to a twisted-pair Ethernet network.
4Configure your network connection following the advice of your network administrator
and the instructions in “Configuring Your Network Connection” later in this chapter.
Connecting to a thin coaxial Ethernet network
Follow this procedure to connect your Macintosh to an Ethern et n etwork that
uses thin coaxia l cabl e. The hardware connection requires an Apple (or
Apple-compatible) thin coaxial Ethernet card and a thin coaxial cable.
IMPORTANT
You can connect your Macintosh anywhere on the network;
however, to do so requires that you temporarily disconnect the network,
which will interrupt existing network services and activity temporarily.
Consult your network administrator before connecting your computer to
the network.
Twisted-pair cable
Wall plate (RJ-45 port)
Ethernet port (twisted-pair)
RJ-45 connector
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1Shut down your Macintosh.
2Attach one end of a thin coaxial cable to the T-connector that came with your card.
Don’t attach the T-connector to your computer yet.
3On the computer closest to your computer, detach the network cable (or terminator) from
its T-connector.
This disrupts network services for other users.
4Lock the free end of your thin coaxial cable to the T-connector on the other computer.
Ethernet port (thin coaxial)T-connector
Thin coaxial cable
(or thin coaxial Ethernet terminator if your
computer is the last device on the network)
Thin coaxial cable
WARNING
Do not connect the Ethernet cable directly to the coaxial port
on the back of the computer. The cable must first be attached to the
T-conn ector and the T-connector must be attached to the coaxial port.
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Connecting Your Computer to a Network
5If you are adding your computer somewhere in the middle of the network, lock the
unattached network cable to your T-connector. Otherwise, lock a terminator to your
T-connector.
This restores network services for other users.
IMPORTANT
A thin coaxial network must be terminated at the endpoints to
function. An Apple transceiver is self-terminating. A non-Apple transceiver
may require a termi nator; check the documentation that came with the
transceiver.
6Configure your network connection following the advice of your network administrator
and the instructions in “Configuring Your Network Connection” later in this chapter.
Connecting to other types of Ethernet network
The Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter is a universal adapter that lets you connect
your computer to less common types of industry-standard Ethernet media,
such as thick coaxial or fiber-optic cable. If you are using the Apple Ethernet
AUI Adapter, you also need an Ethernet transceiver for your specific media
type; the transceiver must have a standard AUI port on it.
To connect your computer to an Ethernet transceiver for other types of
Ethernet media, follow these instructions:
1Shut down your computer.
2Connect the Ethernet transceiver to the network following the instructions that came
with the transceiver.
Status light (lights up when there’s a good network connection)
Thin coaxial Ethernet port (10Base-2)
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3Plug the transceiver cable from the Ethernet transceiver into the standard AUI port on
the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter.
4Plug the adapter’s power cord into an electrical power outlet.
5Plug the connector on the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter into the AAUI Ethernet port on
your Macintosh.
6Configure your network connection following the advice of your network administrator
and the instructions in “Configuring Your Network Connection,” next.
AAUI Ethernet port
Electrical outlet
Ethernet port (AAUI)
AAUI connector
Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter
Ethernet transceiver for other media
89
Connecting Your Computer to a Network
Configuring your network connection
After you physically connect your computer to a LocalTalk or Ether net
network, you need to configure your network connection in the AppleTalk
control panel, the TCP/IP control panel, or both.
m You use the AppleTalk control panel to set up your connection to an
AppleTalk network (that is, a network using the AppleTalk protocol).
m You use the TCP/IP control panel to set up your connection to the Inter n et
and to a TCP/IP network. (TCP/IP stands for Tra nsmission Control
Protocol/Intern et Protocol. It is the set of data communication rules
followed by networks to communicate with each other on the Inter net.)
You may need additional information about the network to which your
computer is connected, or about the service through which your computer is
connected to the Internet. To get this information, you may need to contact
your network administrator or your Internet ser vice provider (ISP).
Configuring your AppleTalk network connection
To configure your AppleTalk network connection, you must specify the port
you use to connect your computer to the network.
Additionally, you may need to select the zone in which your computer is
located. Larger networks use zones to create groups of computers, printers,
servers, and other network devices. For example, a network might have a zone
for each floor in an office building. If your network has more than one zone,
you can choose the zone in which your computer is located. The zone you
choose is automatically selected when you open the Chooser (for example,
when you select a network printer), and it is the zone in which other network
users can find your computer if you turn on file sharing.
To configure your AppleTalk network connection, follow these steps:
1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (
K
) menu.
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2Double-click the AppleTalk icon to open it.
The AppleTalk control panel opens.
3Move the pointer to the “Connect via” pop-up menu (if available) and choose the port
through which your computer is connected to the network.
You can connect to an AppleTalk network through an Ethernet por t, the
printer port, the modem port, or any other ports available on expansion cards
installed in your computer. (Any additional ports appear automatically in this
pop-up menu.)
Note: If you don’t see a pop-up menu here, this setting has been locked.
Contact your network administrator for assistance. (If you don’t have a
network administrator, you can use the Administration user mode to unlock
this setting. For more information about user modes, click the h button in the
AppleTalk control panel.)
4Use the Current Zone pop-up menu (if available) to choose the zone you want.
If you don’t see a pop-up menu here, either your network has no zones, this
setting has been locked, or your network is not set up to allow you to choose
a zone. Zones are set up by the network administrator.
5Click the close box to close the AppleTalk control panel.
If you have made configuration changes, a message asks if you want to
save them.
If you have changed the port, a message also tells you that the change will
interrupt any AppleTalk services that are established. This means that your
network services, such as printers and e-mail, may be temporarily
unavailable, and you may have to choose a printer and connect to your e-mail
service again.
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Connecting Your Computer to a Network
6To save your changes, click the Save button.
Your changes take effect immediately; you do not have to restart your
computer.
Getting more information about the AppleTalk control panel
Macintosh Guide contains information about additional capabilities available
in the AppleTalk control panel, such as
m using configurations, a way to save different AppleTalk settings and switch
among them as desired—for example, if you use your computer with more
than one network
m using the User Mode command to change the availability of settings in the
AppleTalk control panel
m turning AppleTalk off in order to save RAM in your computer when you
are not using an AppleTalk network
For more information about these capabilities, click the h button in the
AppleTalk control panel.
Configuring your TCP/IP network connection
You must properly set up the TCP/IP control panel if your computer is
connected to a network that uses TCP/IP standards, such as the Internet.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a set of rules that
is applied to data sent and received on the Internet. The rules standardize
how data is communicated so that many different kinds of computers can
recognize it. TCP/IP protocols can be used with many different types of
network equipment and connections. If you don’t know whether your network
uses TCP/IP, contact your network administrator.
To set up your TCP/IP network connection, you must specify the port you use
to connect your computer to the network. TCP/IP networks also require
information about your computer’s network address. You must enter that
information in the TCP/IP control panel or specify a server on which the
information can be found. To get this information, check with your network
administrator or Internet service provider.
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Before you begin
To configure your connection, you need to know the types of servers used on
the network, your Intern et Protocol (IP) address, and your subnet mask. Your
Internet service provider or network administrator can give you the
information you need in order to set up your connection.
Setting up
To set up your TCP/IP network connection, follow these steps:
1Choose Control Panels from the Apple menu.
The Control Panels window opens.
2Double-click the TCP/IP icon to open it.
The TCP/IP control panel opens.
3Use the “Connect via” pop-up menu to choose the port through which your computer is
connected to the network.
Note: If you don’t see the pop-up menu or other settings described in this
section, the TCP/IP configuration may have been locked. Contact your
network administrator for assistance. (If you don’t have a network
administrator, you can use the Administration user mode to unlock this
setting. For more information about user modes, click the h button in the
TCP/IP control panel.)
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Connecting Your Computer to a Network
4Use the Configure pop-up menu to choose a configuration method.
If you are connected using Ethernet, the pop-up menu looks like this:
If you are connected using AppleTalk (MacIP), the pop-up menu looks
like this:
Whether you proceed to step 5 or step 6 depends on whether you are
configuring your network manually or automatically.
To use a TCP/IP network, your computer must have an IP (Internet Protocol)
address, and it often must have a subnet mask number. Your network address
and subnet mask number identify your computer’s location on the network.
This information can be entered manually or obtained automatically from a
server. (An address entered manually is called a static IP address; one
obtained automatically is known as a dynamic IP address.) Before you set up
your TCP/IP network connection, obtain your IP address and subnet mask
number from your Internet service provider or network administrator. If these
can b e obtained automatically from a server, you need to know what type of
server. Here are the types that will appear in the Configuration pop-up menu
in the instructions that follow:
m
BootP
A Boot Protocol server automatically provides the TCP/IP setup
information you need.
m
RARP
A Reverse Address Resolution Protocol server provides the IP
address for your computer, but you must provide the rest of the
information manually.
m
DHCP
A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server automatically
provides all the TCP/IP setup information you need.
m
MacIP
A Macintosh Internet Protocol provides all the TCP/IP setup
information you need, but you need to know the zone where the MacIP
server is located. (MacIP is also a protocol for sending Internet-style
packets of information over an AppleTalk network.)
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5If you are configuring your network connection manually, type the information provided
by your network administrator or Internet service provider into the appropriate boxes.
You must specify an IP address, the individual address assigned to each
computer on the network. You may also need to enter a subnet mask number,
router address, and other information. A subnet mask is a security item that
keeps your computer from identifying other computers’ IP addresses. A
router address is the address of the computer with which your computer
exchanges data over the network.
6If your network configuration will be provided automatically by a server, do one of
the following:
m If you are using a BootP server or DHCP server, skip to step 8. The server
usually provides all the configuration information needed by TCP/IP.
m If you are using a RARP server, you may need to type additional
information provided by your network administrator or Internet service
provider into the appropriate boxes. If so, enter the information now.
m If you are using a MacIP server, click Select Zone. In the dialog box that
appears, choose the zone that contains the MacIP server you want to use
and then click OK. If you are connecting with Apple Remote Access
(ARA) you must open a connection before you can select a zone.
7If you are configuring manually, get the Name Server Address from your Internet service
provider or network administrator.
Many networks provide more than one Name Server Address.
8Click the close box to close the TCP/IP control panel.
If you have made configuration changes, a message asks if you want to save
them. If you have changed the port, a message also tells you that the change
will interrupt any connections to TCP/IP services. For example, you may have
to quit and reopen a Web browser or e-mail software after saving changes.
9To save your changes, click the Save button.
Your changes take effect immediately; you do not have to restart your
computer.
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Connecting Your Computer to a Network
Getting more information about the TCP/IP control panel
Macintosh Guide contains information about additional capabilities available
in the TCP/IP control panel, such as
m using configurations, a way to save different TCP/IP settings and switch
among them as desired
m using the User Mode command to determine the availability of settings in
the TCP/IP control panel.
m turning TCP/IP off to save RAM when you are not using a TCP/IP-based
network
For more information about these capabilities, click the h button in the
TCP/IP control panel.
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8
Reinstalling Your Computer’s Software
System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses
to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs
you use. System software is kept in the System Folder. When you turn on your
computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system
software. The startup disk is usually the hard disk that’s inside your computer,
though another hard disk, a floppy disk, or a compact disc (CD) can also be a
startup disk.
When should you reinstall system software?
Your Macintosh came with all the necessary system software installed on its
internal hard disk, so you don’t need to install system software on that disk
unless you encounter software problems.
If you have a new hard disk or a newly initialized hard disk that doesn’t
contain system software, or if you want to upgrade to a more recent version
of system soft ware on a hard disk, you need to install system software. Follow
the inst ructions in this chapter to reinstall system software.
Consult this chapter if you have problems
with your computer that require you to
reinstall the computer’s software.
If your hard disk already has system software installed on it but there is a
problem with the disk or the software, you may see this icon in the middle of
the screen:
If this icon appears, first try testing your startup hard disk and repairing any
damage. To do this, follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” in
Chapter 9. If repairi ng the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in the
next section.
Whe n to use the restore CDs that came with your computer
You reinstall your computer’s software by using the various CDs that came
with your computer.
This chapter describes three ways to use the restore CDs:
m You can reinstall (restore) just the system software—the files needed to run
your computer—using the Restore System Software program.
m You can reinstall (restore) all the software that came with your computer by
using the Restore All Software program.
m You can copy one or more individual files from the CD-ROM disc to your
hard disk.
You need to use the Macintosh Restore CD to reinstall the system software if
m your computer will not start
m a file or an application program is missing or damaged
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Reinstalling Your Computer’s Software
The “If You Still Have Problems” section at the end of this chapter tells
you what to do if the CD-ROM disc does not solve the problems with
your computer.
Using the CD-ROM disc to start up your computer
Before you reinstall software onto your hard disk, you need to start up your
computer with the Macintosh Restore CD. The procedure for starting up from
the CD-ROM disc varies depending on the condition of the system software
on your hard disk. To find out which procedure to use, you must turn on
your computer.
If you see a blinking question mark on the screen
The blinking question mark means that your computer is unable to find
usable system software on your hard disk.
Note: If you don’t see a blinki ng question mark, go to the next section,
“If You See the Macintosh Desktop.”
1Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray.
2Place the
Macintosh Restore CD
in the tray with the disc label facing up.
Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray.
3To close the tray, push the tray in or press the Open/Close button.
Your Macintosh recognizes the CD-ROM disc as a startup disk, and in a few
seconds the desktop below appears.
Now continue with the steps in “Reinstalling Your System Software” or
“Reinstalling All Your Original Software.”
If you see the Macintosh desktop
1Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray.
2Place the
Macintosh Restore CD
in the tray with the disc label facing up.
Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray.
3To close the tray, push the tray in or press the Open/Close button.
4Hold down the C key on your keyboard while you choose Restart from the Special menu
and wait for the message “Welcome to Macintosh” to appear.
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Chapter 8
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