Apple Power Macintosh 4400 User Manual

Follow the instructions in this

chapter to set up your computer

and learn the basics.

Getting Started

The illustration on the facing page shows all the equipment you will need to set up your computer and begin using it. Place your equipment on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded wall outlet. Before following the setup instructions in this chapter, you may want to read “Arranging Your Office” in Appendix A (in the section on health-related information) for tips on adjusting your work furniture so that you’re comfortable when using the co mputer.

If you used the setup poster: The poster included with your Power Macintosh computer was designed to help you start using your computer as quickly as possible. This chapter contains more detailed information than the poster. If you have already set up your computer using the poster, you may want to turn to the secti on “What’s Next?” later in this chapter.

When you are ready to begin, follow these steps:

Set the switch to show “115” for voltages less than 135; set it to show “230” for voltages greater than 180. (Your computer will not operate in the 135–179 volt range.)

Check to see that the voltage switch on the back of your computer is properly set before you plug it in. If you need to change the setting, insert a small screwdriver here and slide the switch.

1Make sure the voltage switch on the back of the computer is set for the kind of voltage

system to which you will be connecting.

The voltage switch must be set correctly to avoid damaging your computer. If you don’t know the voltage used in the country you’re in, refer to the table “Voltages for Different Locations” later in this section.

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WARNING

Setting the correct voltage for your computer does not set the voltage for your monitor. To protect your monitor, be sure to use the appropriate adapter or voltage converter, if one is necessary.

Voltages for different locations

Country Single voltage

Japan 100 South Korea 100/220 Jamaica, Taiwan 110 Peru 110/220 Brazil, Lebanon 110–220 Philippines 115 Bermuda, Canada, Puerto Rico, United States, Venezuela 120 Mexico 127 Saudi Arabia 127/220 Hong Kong 200 India, South Africa 220–250 Israel, Pakistan, Singapore 230 Australia, Kuwait, Malta, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, 240

Papua New Guinea, Oman, Qatar, United Kingdom Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, 220–230

Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland

Bahrain, Chile, China (People’s Republic), Czechoslovakia, 220 Egypt, Greenland, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Liechtenstein, Nepal, Paraguay, Poland, Romania, Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Yugoslavia

2Plug the socket end of the computer power cord into the recessed power cord socket

(marked with the symbol ≤) on the back of the computer.

Getting Started

3Plug the other end of the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.

Power cord plug Power cord socket

Choose a power outlet to which you have easy access.

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your Macintosh is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug—a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding plug!

IMPORTANT

Be sure that at least one end of the power cord is within easy

reach so that you can unplug the computer when you need to.

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If the computer starts up: If you hear a tone, the computer has started up and you need to turn it off before proceeding. Press the power button located on the front of the computer to turn it off. (Refer to Chapter 3, “Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer,” for an illustration showing the location of the power button on the front of the computer.)

Connectin g a monitor

You can connect many types of monitors to your Macintosh. To connect a monitor from a manufacturer other than Apple, refer to the instructions that came with it.

Connecting the monitor power cord

Monitors have two cords to connect—a power cord and a monitor cable. To connect the monitor power cord, follow these steps:

1Place the monitor where you will be using it.

Keep these considerations in mind: m The case of the computer is sturdy enough for you to place on top of it any

monitor with a screen that is 17 inches or smaller.

m Allow at least 3 inches for air circulation around the sides of the computer

and monitor.

m Make sure that the top of the screen is slightly below eye level when you’re

sitting at the keyboard.

m Position the monitor to minimize glare and reflections on the screen from

overhead lights and windows.

m Consult “Arranging Your Office” in Appendix A for suggestions on

positioning your computer equipment.

2Connect the monitor power cord to the monitor.

On some monitors, the cord is already attached.

Getting Started

3Plug in the monitor power cord.

Monitor power cord

Monitor power socket

Be sure to plug the power cord into a three-hole grounded outlet or power strip.

Chapter 1

Connecting the moni tor cable

Monitor cable

™

Monitor port

After you plug in the monitor power cord, you connect the monitor cable to the co mputer’s monitor port.

To connect the monitor cable, follow these steps:

1Attach the monitor cable to the monitor.

On some monitors, the cable is already attached (as shown below).

2Attach the monitor cable to the monitor port on the back panel of the computer.

The monitor port is marked with the ™ icon (symbol).

Getting Started

Connectin g the mous e and keyboard

To adjust the keyboard angle, lower the feet until they snap into position.

This cable plugs into the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port, marked with the

icon, on the back of the computer.

Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the keyboard. The flat part of the plug should be pointing down, as shown here.

1Plug the mouse cable into the recessed port on the back of the keyboard.

The plug and the port are marked with the V icon. The positions of the port and icon on your keyboard may be different from those pictured.

By the way: A port marked with the V icon is called an Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port.

2If you want to adjust the keyboard angle, lower the feet of the keyboard.

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3Plug the keyboard cable into the port marked with the Vicon on the back of

ADB port

the computer.

Some monitors have aport to which you can connect the keyboard or mouse. See the information that came with your monitor.

Getting Started

Connectin g the mod e m

External modem port (This port is covered if an internal modem is installed. If it is covered, do not remove the cover or plug anything into the external modem port.)

To telephone

Line splitter(purchased separately) To internal modem

Internal modem connector

Phone cordPhone jack in wall

Your modem is an expansion card already installed in the communication slot of your computer. It enables your computer to send and receive faxes and telephone calls, to connect to the Internet, to access online services, and to communicate with other computer users. (You use the modem through the appropriate software already installed on your computer. See your modem documentation for information on how to use the modem and software.)

If you want to connect the modem now, follow the instructions in the next illustration.

IMPORTANT

an analog phone line—the kind used typically in homes. (A digital phone line could damage the modem.) If you’re connecting the modem at home, you probably have an analog phone line. Your modem manuals contain more information about using your modem.

When connecting a modem, make sure you connect the modem to

Chapter 1

You can use any standard phone cord to connect your internal modem connector to a phone jack. If you have only one phone jack, consider purchasing a line splitter at an electronics supply store. A line splitter lets you plug your phone and your modem into the same jack at the same time. Keep in mind that if your phone and your modem share a single phone line, you will not be able to use both pieces of equipment at the same time, even if they are attached to separate phone jacks. When you use your modem, outside callers get a busy signal and you cannot call out. When your phone is in use, you cannot use the modem. (By the way, you can keep your answering machine connected to your phone, even if your phone and modem share the same telephone line.)

IMPORTANT

During lightning storms, disconnect your modem by unplugging its

phone cord from the phone jack to help prevent accidental voltage overload. Note: It is also possible to use an external modem with your computer.

However, to use an external modem you must first remove the internal modem card following the instructions in “Installing a Communication Card” in the section “Installing an Expansion Card,” in Chapter 10 of this manual. You will also need to remove the cover from the external modem port, so you can connect the external modem cable.

Connecting other equipment

If you are new to the Macintosh, it’s a good idea to get some experience using your computer before you connect other equipment, such as a printer or scanner. To learn basic Macintosh skills, continue with the instructions in this chapter.

When you’re ready to connect other equipment to your Macintosh, see the instructions in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4.

Getting Started

Turning the computer on for the first time

To tu r n th e computer on for the first time, follow these steps:

1 Turn on your monitor.

Note: You may not see the monitor power come on until you turn on the computer in the next step. Also, larger monitors can take several seconds to turn on if you have extra Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) installed in your computer.

See the information that came with your monitor for the location of the power switch. On newer Apple monitors, the power switch is located on the front of the unit.

By the way: Depending on the type of monitor you have, you may only need to turn it on once. Some monitors turn off automatically when you shut down the computer, and turn on automatically when you start up the computer. Other monitors have to be turned on separately each time you turn on the computer.

2Press the Power key (marked with a triangle) on your keyboard.

You hear a tone from the computer as it starts up. (If your computer does not start up, turn to the next section, “Problems Turni ng On Your Computer?”)

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3Check to see what’s on your screen.

The Launcher appears on screen as a large window, which you can use to view the names of some of the application programs on your computer and to open the applications. These programs vary from model to model and range from instructional programs on how to use the computer to specialized programs for your home or business.

Note: If you see a blinking question mark or nothing at all, see the section “Problems Turning on Your Computer?”

The rectangular buttons below the striped bar at the top of the Launcher are lab e led with the categories into which the programs have been divided. The square buttons in the colored area below the category buttons are used to open the individual programs. Each program’s name appears below each square button.

When the category buttons first appear, one will have a different color than the others. This indicates that the button has been “pushed.” Every time you push a category button, it will change color. In this way, you use the Launcher to move from category to category or to open a program with the single click of a button.

Category buttons

Application program

buttons

Your Launcher and its buttons may look different. (Most computer screens have a slight black border around them.)

Getting Started

4Now either go to the section “What’s Next?” later in this chapter or click the Launcher’s

Depending on your

level of expertise, you

can take one of these

tutorials to learn more

about the basics of

using your computer.

category buttons to see the software titles available.

If you’re new to the Macintosh and need to learn the basic skills to use it, turn to the section “What’s Next?”

If you already know how to use the mouse, push the different category buttons to check out the software titles on your computer. (The buttons and colors in the lower area of the Launcher change each time you click a category button.) T h en turn to the section “What’s Next?”

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Problem s turnin g o n yo ur computer?

If the screen is dark, check these items to see if you can identify the problem:

m Is the computer plugged into a power source? If it is plugged into a

power strip, is the power strip turned on?

m Is the computer turned on? T he power-on light i n the power button

should be on. If it isn’t, press the power button (marked with the symbol I) on the front of the computer.

m Are the keyboard and mouse cables connected correctly? (Don’t

disconnect the keyboard or mouse cable while the computer is on. You could damage your equipment.)

m Is the monitor power cord plugged in? m Is the monitor turned on? (Check the power-on light on the front of

the monitor.)

m Is the monitor cable—the one connected to the monitor port (™) on

your computer—attached firmly to both the monitor and computer?

m Is the brightness control on the monitor adjusted correctly? (On most

monitors, the brightness control is marked with the symbol ¤.)

If you see a blinking question mark on the screen, turn to “Solutions to Common Problems With Your Computer” in Chapter 9.

Getting Started

What’s next?

What you can’t find in

this manual you can find

in Macintosh Guide (or

Mac OS Guide), your

main source of

information when

working with your

computer.

Congratulations! You’ve finished setting up your computer. Now continue with one of the following steps:

m If you are new to the Macintosh, see the next section, “Learning the Basics.” m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting

Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide (or Mac OS Guide). Or select Macintosh Guide from the Guide menu (h) in the upper-right corner of your screen and explore it yourself.

m If you want to connect other equipment, such as a printer, to your computer,

see Chapter 3, “Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer.”

m If you want to install application software on your computer, see

Chapter 4, “Installing and Using Application Programs.” Th e chapter contains information on setting up your programs and managing memory. You need this information to set up any programs specifically designed for computers with PowerPC microprocessors.

Chapter 1

m If you want to turn off your computer, see “Turning the Computer Off”

later i n this chapter.

IMPORTANT

If you need to turn off your computer at any point, please see “Turning the Computer Off ” later in this chapter. It is very important to use the correct procedure for shutting down your Macintosh before turning it off.

Before you begin working with your computer, be sure to read the important health and safety information in Appendix A.

Learning the basics

Mouse button

Read this section if you haven’t already gone through the Mouse Skills program or the tutorials. These programs teach you the basic skills you need to use your computer.

To st art Mouse Skills or the tutorials, follow these steps:

1Slide your mouse along your mouse pad or desk.

Hold the mouse as shown, with the cable pointing away from you. Don’t press the mouse button (under your index finger). Notice that the arrow (8) on the screen moves in the same direction that you move the mouse.

If the arrow doesn’t move, make sure that the cables connecting the mouse and keyboard are secure and that your mouse is positioned as shown in the illustration.

Getting Started

2Move the mouse so that the arrow (

Your Launcher may

look somewhat

different.

) is over the picture of the particular tutorial you

want to take.

If you don’t see the Tutorial Part 1, Tutorial Part 2, or Mouse Skills pictures on your screen, put the arrow on the word “Learning” and click (press and release) the mouse button.

If you run out of room on your mouse pad or desk while moving the mouse, pick up the mouse and place it where there’s more room. (The ar row on the screen moves only when the mouse is in contact with the mouse pad or desk.)

3Click the mouse button on the picture of the tutorial you want to take.

A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial. You can set this book aside for now and follow the instructions on the screen. When you have completed all the tutorials, return to this book.

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Reviewing the basics

Use the following illustrations to review the elements on your screen with which you work on your computer.

Menus

The strip across the top of the screen is called the menu bar. The symbols and words in it represent “menus” (lists) of commands. To open a menu, place the pointer on the symbol or word for the menu and press the mouse button.

Icons

Window

Guide menu

To find an answer to a question,

look in the Guide (

) menu.

Application menu

You can have several applications open at once. To see which program is active or to switch from one program to another, use this menu.

Getting Started

Icons

Icons are small pictures that represent disks, programs, documents, and folders. You can double-click any icon to open it and see what it contains.

This icon represents your computer’s internal hard disk.

Icons like this one represent application programs, which you use to create documents and do other work.

Icons like this one represent documents, which you can create and edit.

Icons like this represent folders. A folder contains other icons.

To throw away an item you no longer want, drag it to the Trash icon and choose Empty Trash from the Special menu.

Windows

Windows are boxes that display text, graphics, and icons. To change the shape or position of a window, or to close the window, use the elements shown here.

To bring a partially

covered window

to the front, click

anywhere in it.

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Close box

To close a window, click the close box.

Title bar

To move a window, drag it by the middle of the title bar (anywhere in the bar except the small box on each end).

Zoom box

To make the window bigger, click once here. Click again to return the window to its original size.

Scroll arrow

To bring hidden portions of a window’s contents into view, click one of the four scroll arrows.

Size box

To change the shape or size of a window, drag the size box.

Turning the computer off

You can turn off the computer either with the Power key on the keyboard or by choosing the Shut Down command in the Special menu.

Using the Power key

To tu r n th e computer off using the Power key on the keyboard, follow these instructions:

1If the computer is in sleep mode (the monitor is on but the screen is dark), press any key

except Caps Lock to wake it.

2Press and hold the Power key on the keyboard for about 2 seconds.

The following dialog box appears on the screen:

3Press the Return key on the keyboard (or click the Shut Down button in the dialog box).

Choosing the Shut Down command

To turn off the computer by choosing Shut Down from the Special menu, follow th e se instructions:

1Move the tip of the arrow (8) to the Special menu at the top of the screen. 2With the tip of the arrow on the word “Special,” press and hold down the mouse button.

Getting Started

3While holding down the mouse button, move the arrow down the list of choices until the

words “Shut Down” are highlighted, then release the mouse button.

If you can’t shut down your compute r

If a problem with the computer prevents you from using the Power key on the keyboard or choosing Shut Down—for example, if the computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the mouse—you can turn off the computer by pressing the power button (I) on the front of the computer.

IMPORTANT

front of the computer to turn it off. Only use the power button when there is a problem that prevents the computer from being turned off with the Power key on the keyboard or the Shut Down command. To make sure your work is saved, use the Power key on the keyboard or the Shut Down command.

Turning the computer on

To tu r n on the computer after you’ve shut it down (using either the Power key on the keyboard or the Shut Down command):

Press the Power key (marked with a

Your monitor may have to be turned on separately each time you turn on the computer. If you have trouble turning on your computer, see the section “Problems Turning On Your Computer?” earlier in this chapter.

You could lose unsaved work if you use the power button on the

) on the keyboard.

Chapter 1

Whe re to find answers

User’s ManualUser’s Manual

Power MacintoshPower

Mac

intosh

When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places where you can look for answers.

In the Guide menu

The Guide menu (marked with the hicon) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get several kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.

In this book

Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems with your equipment.

In other manuals

Some of the programs that came installed on your computer have separate manuals, either in the box with your computer or stored on your computer’s hard disk. (You can find some electronic manuals in the Launcher.)

From Read Me files

The Apple Extras folder (in your System Folder) on your hard disk contains a SimpleText document, called About Apple Extras, with important information about some of the application programs included with your computer. Similar files called Read Me files can be found inside application folders and in the Documents folder on your desktop.

From Apple’s customer support hotline

If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the customer support hotline. The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support information that came with your computer.

Note:

If you have problems with an application program not published by Apple, call the program’s publisher. Click the Phone Numbers button in the Service/Support area of the Launcher to find

a software publisher’s phone number.

Getting Started

TheGuide menu contains online help and information and is your main source of information when working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (

h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.

The Guide menu includes an item called either Macintosh Guide or Mac OS Guide, depending on your version of system software. The term Macintosh Guide is used throughout this manual, even though the information pertai ns to both items.

Getting Help

Use the instructions in this

chapter to learn about the help

available to you in the Guide menu.

You may see the item

“Mac OS Guide”

instead.

Getting answers to your questions

When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide (or Mac OS Guide) from the Guide men u.

1 Open the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose Finder

to make it the active application program.

A checkmark appears beside the Finder command, indicating that the Finder is the active program.

2 Open the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.

Chapter 2

The Macintosh Guide window appears.

Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other windows. If the window gets in your way, you can move it by dragging its title ba r (the gray bar across the top of the window).

3Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.

Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:

Topics

lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of

contents in a book.

Index

lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it

is like the index in a book.

Look For

lets you search for information related to a specific word or

phrase that you type. In the following sections you will practice using each method. If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using

Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.

Getting Help

The version on your

screen may say

“Mac OS Guide.”

Getting answers with the Topics button

1In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.

A list of general topic areas appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide window. (Dependi ng on the hardware and software you have, the list of topic areas may look different.)

2In the list of topics, click “Customizing Your Computer.”

When you click any topic area, a list of related phrases and questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

Chapter 2

To get instructions, you click a phrase or question…

…and then click OK.

3Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click

the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

4 Read and follow the instructions in this window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

5When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Getting answers with the Index button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.

An alphabetical list of index terms appears on the left side of the window.

Getting Help

You click here to see the next step (if there is one).

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, you click

this button.

Scroll bar

Slider

2Scroll through the alphabetical list until the term “background pattern” is visible.

You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or

by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.

3Click the term “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.

When you click any index term, a list of related phrases and questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

4Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK.

Or double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Chapter 2

To see the next step (if there is one), you click here.

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, you click

this button.

To get instructions, you click a phrase or question…

…and then click OK.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Getting answers with the Look For button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.

A small box where you can type text appears on the left side of the window.

2Click the arrow button to activate the text box.

Getting Help

To activate the text

box, you click here.

You type a word

or phrase in

the text box…

…and then click here.

3Type “trash” in the text box, then click Search.

When you click Search, a list of phrases and questions related to the word or phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

4Click the question “How do I turn off the Empty Trash warning?” and then click OK. Or

double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right corner to see the next step.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to

close Macintosh Guide.

Chapter 2

If you want to close

Macintosh Guide,

you click here.

To see the next step (if there is one), you click here.

To get instructions, you click a phrase or question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

Tips for using Macintosh Guide

Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively: m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the

program that displays the desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of the Guide menu) and choose Finder.

m Foll ow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read

ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a step correctly.

m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of

other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag it by the title bar at the top of the window.

You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom box in the upper-right corner of the window. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time to expand the window to its original size.

m If you need more information about an instruction or a term, click

the button labeled “Huh?” to get a further explanation. (The “Huh?” button is dimmed when no additional information is available.)

m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the

Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.

m When you’re finished using Macintosh Guide, click the close box in

the upper-left corner of the window.

Close box

Title bar

Zoom box

Right arrow

Topics button

“Huh?” button

Identifying what’s on y our computer screen

Sometimes you’ll see an unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help.

Using balloons like those you see in comic strips, Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen.

Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:

1 Open the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Show Balloons.

2With your mouse, move the pointer to any object on the screen that you want to identify.

A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the Trash.

Although balloons appear next to items when you point to them, the way you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and so on.

3When you’re finished using Balloon Help, open the Guide menu again and choose Hide

Balloons.

Chapter 2

Learning useful shortcuts

You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or mouse shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.

Foll ow thes e steps to learn keyboard a nd mouse shortcuts:

1 Open the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Shortcuts.

The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.

2Click one of the category buttons.

Another window appears, describing shortcuts for that category.

Getting Help

If you want to

close the window,

you click here.

To see the next window (if there is one), you click here.

To return to the main

Macintosh Shortcuts

window for more

categories, you click

the Topics button.

3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.

Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to see the next window (if there is one).

4When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button

in the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.

Chapter 2

The illustrations on the next pages show the basic computer system you now have. So that you can expand your system’s capabilities, your computer has external ports to which you can connect additional hardware, such as a printer or scanner.

Your computer also has internal slots for adding items to increase its capabilities and performance. Among these items are additional dynamic random-access memory Dual Inline Memory Modules (DIMMs); a High Performance Module (256K level 2 cache); and expansion cards, such as PCI (peripheral component interconnect) and E thernet cards. Instructions for installing these internal items are provided in Chapter 10, “I nstalling Expansion Cards and Additional Memory.”

WARNING

Before you connect any equipment to your computer, make sure that your computer is plugged in (in order to ground the computer) and turned off. If you connect equipment with the computer turn ed on, you can damage your computer and your equipment. Also, each device you add should be compatible with your computer and must not exceed the maximum power allowance for that device. For more information consult an Apple-authorized dealer, the manufacturer of the equipment you add, or the

Tech nica l In formation

booklet that came with your computer.

Con necti n g Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

Read this chapter for information

on connecting additional equipment

to your computer, such as a printer, scanner,

or other external equipment.

Ports and connectors on the back of your computer Apple Desktop Bus

Connects your Macintosh to an input device, such as a

(ADB) port keyboard or a trackball. Printer port

[

Connects your Macintosh to a printer, LocalTalk network, or GeoPort devices such as the GeoPort Telecom Adapter and the QuickTake 150 digital camera.

External modem port

Connects your Macintosh to an external modem or GeoPort device, such as the GeoPort Telecom Adapter and the QuickTake 150 digital camera. Since an external modem can’t be used with the pre-installed internal modem card that came with your computer, this port is covered and disabled.

SCSI port

Connects your Macintosh to SCSI equipment, such as external hard disk drives and scanners.

MouseKeyboard

CD-ROM driveMonitor

Internal hard

disk drive

Speaker

Floppy disk drive

Computer

CD-ROM drive Open/Close button

Power key

Use this key to turn your computer on and off.

Power button

A green light indicates that the computer is on.

Chapter 3

Access cover for Covers ports for optional Peripheral Component Interconnect expansion slots (PCI) slot expansion cards.

Internal modem card The optional internal modem card. Most models of your computer

(optional) come with a modem card already installed.

Monitor port

™

Connects your Macintosh to your monitor.

Sound output port

Connects your Macintosh to sound output equipment, such as externally powered (amplified) speakers.

Sound input port

≈

Connects your Macintosh to another audio source, such as an Apple PlainTalk microphone or a compact disc or audio cassette player.

Monitor port

SCSI port

Sound output port

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

Sound input port

Power socket

External modem port

(covered if your computer includes an internal modem)

Printer port

[

™

≤

≈

Access covers for PCI expansion slots (2)

Internal modem card

(optional)

Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

Connectin g a printer

Your computer has a printer port, which you use to connect a printer to your computer.

Follow the instructions that came with your printer when connecting it to your computer.

Whether you have one printer or more attached to your computer, you must use the Chooser program to specify the port to connect the printer you want to use. For instructions on choosing a printer, open the Guide (h) menu, choose Macintosh Guide (or Mac OS Guide), click the Guide’s I ndex button, and choose “printing” from the index.

Connecting audio equipment

Your Macintosh can play and record stereo sound from a variety of sources. By connecting audio equipment to the sound input and output ports on the computer, you can listen to or reproduce stereo sound. Using the inter nal CD-ROM player, your computer can also play and record sound from audio compact discs (CDs).

For information on using Macintosh system software to choose audio input and output options, record an alert sound, or play audio CDs, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Printer port icon

Printer port

Chapter 3

About your computer ’s sound ports an d fe atur es

Thesound input port is marked with an icon of a microphone (≈). T h e sound output port is marked with an icon of a speaker (-).

The computer’s sound input port (≈) accepts the 3.5-mm audio connectors shown below. The sound output port (-) (where you might connect external speakers) accepts only the stereo miniplug.

The stereo miniplug is found most often on stereo equipment (such as externally powered speakers). The extended miniplug, which is slightly longer and is found on voice quality microphones (such as the Apple PlainTalk Microphone), works only in your computer’s sound input port (≈). (Even though it will fit into the sound output port, it won’t work there.) If your equipment has a different type of connector from those shown here, you can purchase an adapter at an electronics supply store.

Extended miniplugStereo miniplug

Sound input port

Sound output port

Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

Connecting audio equipm ent

To play or record sound with your Macintosh, you can attach a microphone or a pair of speakers.

For instructions on connecting specific equipment, see the following sections later i n this chapter:

m “Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone” m “Connecting External Stereo Speakers” m “Connecting Headphones”

Foll ow thes e ge ne ral instructions when connecting audio equipment to the Macintosh:

1Make sure that the audio equipment has a cable with a stereo miniplug or extended

miniplug connector.

If it does not, attach an adapter that has a stereo miniplug.

2Place the audio equipment near the Macintosh. 3Shut down the Macintosh and turn off the audio equipment. 4Attach the cable to the audio equipment and to the appropriate sound port on

the Macintosh.

To record incoming sound on the computer, connect the audio equipment to thesound input port (≈).

To record the sound produced by the computer or play that sound through externally powered (amplified) speakers, connect the audio equipment to the sound output port (-).

Stereo miniplug

Chapter 3

5 Turn on the computer and the audio equipment.

Yo u’re now ready to begin listening to and working with sound. You can adjust the volume using the Monitors & Sound control panel, which

uses software inside your computer to adjust sound. See the next section, “Adjusting Volume and Sound.”

Adjusting volume and sound

There are several ways to adjust the volume on your computer: m Use the volume controls on the front of your monitor if your monitor

comes with built-in speakers.

m Use the volume control sliders in the Monitors & Sound control panel, as

shown below. The Monitors & Sound control panel can be found in the Control Panels folder in the Apple (K) menu.

m Use the volume control slider in the AppleCD Audio Player if you are

playing an audio CD. T he AppleCD Audio Player can be found in the Apple (K) menu. The volume set in the Monitors & Sound control panel also affects the volume of the audio CD.

Note: Some monitors also place a “Monitor Sound” icon at the top of the Monitors & Sound control panel.

Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

Tip: You may prefer to set the Sound Out Level slider to about the middle of the slider bar. This way, when you adjust the volume later in other ways— through th e AppleCD Audio Player or through the volume controls on the computer or monitor—you can hear your adjustments better because the computer itself is set to about the middle of its volume range.

For more information about sound, see the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in t he Guide (h) menu.

Connecting an Apple PlainTalk Microphone

Your computer has a sound input port (≈), which you can use to connect an Apple PlainTal k Microphone. The Apple PlainTalk Microphone is included with some computer models. If your computer did not include an Apple PlainTal k Microphone, you can purchase one at an Apple-authorized dealer. You cannot connect non-Apple microphones.

Note: The sound input port does not support the Apple Omni microphone (the round microphone shipped with some earlier models of Macintosh) or the attenuated RCA adapter provided with some models of Macintosh.

Note: If you want to record sound using the microphone built into your monitor (if you have such a monitor), see “Using Your Monitor’s Built-in Microphone,” later in this section.

Apple PlainTalk Microphone

Chapter 3

To connect the microphone, follow the steps below.

1Shut down the Macintosh. 2Plug the microphone’s connector into the sound input port (≈) on the back of

the computer.

3Place the microphone at the top center of the monitor, with the microphone’s Apple (

)

icon facing you.

If you can’t place the microphone on top of the monitor, position the microphone according to these guidelines:

m The microphone should be between one and three feet away from you. m The microphone should be directly in front of you to minimize the

effect of background noises.

4 Turn on the computer.

Next, make sure the Sound In source in your computer is set to External Microphone.

5 Open the Monitors & Sound control panel in the Apple (

) menu and click the

Sound icon.

Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

6Click the Sound Input pop-up menu and select External Microphone.

7Click the close box in the upper-left corner of the Monitors & Sound control panel to

close it. (The control panel does not have to remain open while you’re recording.)

Yo u’re now ready to begin using your microphone. See the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu,

for instructions on recording.

Using your monitor’s built-in micropho ne

If your monitor has a built-in microphone and you want to use it to record, follow th ese steps:

1 Open the Monitors & Sound control panel in the Control Panels folder in the

Apple (K) menu. 2Click the Sound icon. 3From the Sound Input pop-up menu, select External Microphone.

Chapter 3

Select External Microphone from the pop-up menu.

4 In the Monitors & Sound control panel, mute your monitor’s built-in speakers.

You may need to click a “Monitor Sound” icon at the top of the Monitors & Sound control panel to display your monitor’s sound controls and mute its built-in speakers.

5 In the Monitors & Sound control panel, select your monitor’s built-in microphone.

You may need to click a “Monitor Sound” icon at the top of the Monitors & Sound control panel to display your monitor’s sound controls and select its built-in microphone.

See the “Sound” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu, if you need further instructions on recording.

Connecting external stere o speakers

You can take advantage of your computer’s stereo sound output by attaching externally powered (amplified) speakers.

1 Assemble the speakers and the cable you need.

You need a cable with a stereo miniplug at one end to connect one or both speakers to the computer.

Some sp eakers require a dual-plug adapter. Others, like those shown in the next illustration, accept a single stereo miniplug and are join ed by standard speaker wires. See the documentation that came with your speakers for more information.

2 Turn off the Macintosh. 3Plug the stereo miniplug into the sound output port (-) on the Macintosh.

Stereo miniplug

Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

4Connect the speakers together with speaker wires, if necessary.

Your finished connections should look something like this:

5 Turn on the computer.

Now you’re ready to hear full-range stereo sound coming from the speakers.

To adjust the overall volume, use the Monitors & Sound control panel, which

uses software inside your computer to adjust volume. (For more information,

see “Adjusting Volume and Sound,” earlier in this section.)

Connecting headphones

If your monitor has a headphone jack, you can connect headphones to it.

For more information on listening with headphones, see the “Sound” topic of

Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Connecting external SCSI devices, such as a scanner or external hard disk

Your computer has a port for connecting devices that use the Small Computer

System Interface (SCSI, pronounced “skuh-zee”). SCSI devices commonly

used with the Macintosh include hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners,

tape or cartridge backup drives, and some printers. The SCSI port permits

high-speed communication between the computer and the device. The SCSI

icon appears undern eath the por t on the computer’s back panel.

SCSI port

SCSI icon

Audio In port

Sound output port

Externally

powered

speakers

Chapter 3

You can connect several SCSI devices to the SCSI port by linking them together in a chain: the first device in the chain plugs into the SCSI port; the second device plugs into the first device, and so on. You can attach up to seven external SCSI devices to the SCSI port.

Each SCSI device connected to this chain must have its own unique ID number (no two devices can use the same ID number). The computer itself (the main logic board inside it) uses SCSI ID number 7.

IMPORTANT

The material that follows—“Before You Connect a Device” and “Connecting a SCSI Device”—contains general instructions for attaching SCSI devices to your computer. Make sure you also follow the specific instructions that came with the SCSI device you are connecting to your Macintosh.

Before you connect a device

Before you connect a SCSI device to your Macintosh, be sure to complete the tasks explained in this section.

IMPORTANT

This section contains general instructions for attaching SCSI devices to your computer. Be sure also to follow the specific instructions that came with your external hard disk drive or other SCSI device when connecting the device to your Macintosh. The specific instructions that came with the device tell how to change a device’s ID number and attach a SCSI cable or terminator to the device.

Make sure each device has a unique ID

Each SCSI device connected to your computer must have its own, unique ID number from 0 to 6. The SCSI ID number helps the computer keep track of the devices and sort out conflicts when more than one device in the SCSI chain is communicating with the computer simultaneously.

Make sure other SCSI devices you add to the chain do not use ID numbers that are already assigned. See the instructions that came with each SCSI device for information on checking and setting its SCSI ID number.

IMPORTANT

If you use two or more devices attached to the same SCSI interface with the same ID number, your equipment could malfunction and you could lose data as a result.

Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

The SCSI devices can be in any physical order in the chain; it is not necessary to arrange them i n numerical order.

Make sure you use the right type and length of cable

To attach a SCSI device to your computer or to another device in the chain, always use SCSI cables that are double-shielded, such as Apple SCSI cables. Never use printer-type RS-232 cables (commonly used with DOS and Windows computers). Poor quality SCSI cables are often the cause of SCSI problems.

Avoid mixing brands, types, or styles of SCSI cables. If the device is the first or only one you’re connecting, use a SCSI system

cable to connect it to the computer’s SCSI port:

If the device is not the first one, use a SCSI peripheral interface cable to connect it to the last device in the chain:

IMPORTANT

The total length of the cables in a SCSI chain should not exceed 6 meters (about 20 feet). SCSI cables must have a 110-ohm impedance. For best results, use SCSI cables manufactured by Apple Computer.

Keep the cables between SCSI devices as short as possible. Cables 18 to 24 inches are best. Some SCSI devices (particularly scanners) may not be able to work with cables longer than 24 inches.

SCSI peripheral interface cable

SCSI system cable

Chapter 3

Term in ate t he SCSI chain properly

To ensure accurate transmission of information, a terminator must be at each end of a SCSI chain. There is a built-in terminator at the beginning of the chain. You need to make sure that the last device in the chain has a terminator.

IMPORTANT

In most cases, only the first and last devices in the SCSI chain should be terminated. Make sure that no external SCSI device other than the last one has a terminator.

To te r mina te the last device in the chain: m If your SCSI device has a built-in terminator, use it as the last device in

the chai n. If you wish to attach two or more SCSI devices that have built-in

terminators, an Apple-authorized service provider can remove the extra built-in terminators.

m If the device at the end of the SCSI chain does not have a built-in

terminator, attach an external termi nator. You can attach or remove external terminators yourself. (Do not use a black terminator; the black terminators are for Macintosh IIfx computers and certain LaserWriter printers.)

Exceptions to the “first and last” rule: If the SCSI chain is 18 inches or shorter, the terminator on the last device is not needed. If a total cable length in the chain is greater than 10 feet, the chain may need a third terminator at the 10-foot point. Do not add the third terminator unless you are experiencing a SCSI problem, and check all other possible causes of the problem b efore adding the third terminator. (See the information on troubleshooting SCSI problems in Chapter 9 of this manual.)

External SCSI terminator

Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

Connecting a SCSI device

Be sure to read the previous section, “Before You Connect a Device,” before following the instructions here. Use these general instructions in conjunction with the instructions that came with your SCSI device:

1 Turn off your Macintosh. 2Make sure the SCSI device is switched off.

3 Use a SCSI cable to connect the device either to the computer’s SCSI port or to the last

SCSI device already in the chain.

IMPORTANT

Make sure that the last (or only) device in the SCSI chain has a terminator and that no other external SCSI device has a terminator. Otherwise, the computer may not be able to start up.

Use the thumbscrews and metal clips on the connectors to create a tight, reliable connection.

4 Turn on all devices in your SCSI chain.

IMPORTANT

Always turn on any external SCSI devices connected to your Macintosh before turning on the computer itself. Otherwise, your computer won’t be able to recognize that the SCSI devices are connected to it and your computer may not be able to start up.

Even if you don’t plan to use a device, you must still turn it on to ensure that

signals pass properly along the SCSI chain.

WARNING

Do not connect or disconnect any device while the device or your Macintosh is turned on. Doing so could damage the device, your computer, or both.

Chapter 3

5 Install any necessary device drivers (software that makes a device work with your

computer).

Drivers usually come on a floppy disk with the device. (If no drivers come with the device, contact the device’s manufacturer.)

Note: If you experience problems after connecting a SCSI device, see the troubleshooting information in Chapter 9 for possible solutions.

Replacing intern al storage devices

Your Macintosh comes with three internal storage devices—a floppy disk drive, a CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drive, and a hard disk drive. If you want to replace any of these internal drives, see your Apple-authorized dealer.

Connecting Equipment and Expanding Your Computer

Your computer came with a number of application programs already installed. You open these programs by clicking their buttons in the Launcher. The Apple Extras folder on your hard disk also contains some programs.

You can find backup copies of all your computer’s preinstalled application programs on the

Macintosh Restore CD and other restore CDs that came with your computer. If you ever need to restore (reinstall) one or more of the preinstalled programs, see the section “Copying Files From the Macintosh Restore CD to Your Hard Disk” in Chapter 8. If you ever need to restore all of the prei nstalled programs, start at the beginning of that chapter.

Installing application pro grams

You may want to buy and install additional application programs. See the manuals you receive with these applications for instructions on installing and using them.

To use your applications most effectively, follow these guidelines:

m Read the manuals you received with the program if you have a problem. m Put only one copy of each application on your hard disk. Having more than

one copy can cause errors.

m Whenever you copy an application from its disk to your hard disk, be

careful not to copy a System Folder.

Read this chapter to learn how to work

with application programs.

Installing and Using Application Programs

Chapter 4

m If a program malfunctions consistently, try i nstalling a fresh copy. If that

doesn’t help, find out from the software manufacturer whether your version of the program is compatible with your computer model and your system software.

Note: You may want to put your application programs in the Launcher where they can be accessed by the simple click of a button. To put a program in the Launcher, drag the program’s icon or its alias into the Launcher window or onto the Applications category button in the Launcher. (To make an alias of a program, select its icon and choose Make Alias from the File menu. For more information about the Launcher, see the “Tips & Features” topic area of Macintosh Guide [or Mac OS Guide].)

Installing progr ams from a flo ppy disk

In most cases, you install application programs on your internal hard disk from floppy disks. The following illustration shows how to insert a floppy disk into your computer’s floppy disk drive.

For instructions on how to eject floppy disks, see the “Disks” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Insert the floppy disk, metal end first, into the floppy disk drive of your computer.

Installing and Using Application Programs

Installing applications from a CD-ROM disc

Sometimes you’ll install a n application program on your internal hard disk from a CD-ROM disc that contains the program. (For instructions on using a CD-ROM disc, see “Inserting a CD-ROM Disc” and “Ejecting a CD-ROM Disc” in Chapter 5.)

Foll ow thes e ge neral guidelines whe n installing applications from a CD-ROM disc and also check the disc itself for specific instructions:

m If there is a program Installer icon on the CD-ROM disc, double-click the

icon to install the program on your hard disk. When the installation finishes, click the new version of the program’s icon on your hard disk to open it.

m If instructions tell you to copy the disc’s application program to your hard

disk, do so by dragging the program’s icon to your hard disk. However, do not follow any instructions on the CD-ROM disc to copy such items as QuickTime, Sound Manager, or System Folder files to your hard disk. Your computer already comes with the most up-to-date versions of these items, which have been tested for compatibility with each other and all the other software on your Macintosh. By replacing your hard disk’s items with the versions on the CD-ROM, you may be installing outdated or incompatible software, which could cause problems.

Note: You don’t have to copy or install a program every time you want to use the program, only the first time. However, to use some interactive applications that come on a CD-ROM disc, the disc must be in the CD-ROM drive and its icon visible on your desktop, even if you have previously installed the application on your hard disk.

Chapter 4

IMPORTANT

Never drag an entire CD-ROM disc icon to your hard disk. Copying the CD-ROM disc itself will take up most or all of the space on your hard disk.

Working with several applications at a time

You can open as many application applications and desk accessories (miniapplications that you usually open through the Apple [K] menu) as your computer’s memory allows.

All open applications are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. You can find out which program is active and which other applications are open by pulling down the Application menu. The name of the

active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.

The Finder icon Commands to hide or

display open windows Applications that are open

A checkmark

indicates the

active application.

Don’t drag extension icons like these to your hard disk, even if the CD-ROM disc tells you to do it.

Drag application icons or folders like these to your hard disk or double-click an Installer icon.

Hard disk

Installing and Using Application Programs

Switching applications

You can switch to another open application by choosing its name from the Application menu.

If an application’s icon is dimmed in the Application menu, that means its windows are hidden. You can still choose the application from the menu, however, to display the application’s windows.

You can also switch to another application by clicking in a window that belongs to an open application, by double-clicking an application icon, or by double-clicking the icon of a document that was created with the application.

Hiding and showing w indows on the desktop

You can hide all windows except those of the active application by opening the Application menu and choosing Hide Others.

The other applications remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another application, its windows become visible again.

If you want to see all the open windows, open the Application menu and choose Show All.

Incre a sing memory available to run ap plications

In most cases, your computer already contains enough random-access memory (RAM) to run several applications and keep a large number of windows open at one time. There are times, however, when you need even more RAM for applications to run or to open an even greater number of windows. You can increase the amount of available RAM with a computer feature called virtual memory, which uses free space on your computer’s hard disk as if it were RAM. If you choose to use virtual memory, keep in mind that it may also result in slightly slower computer performance. See the “Memory” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu, for more information. Also see the document titled “About Virtual Memory” in the Documents folder on your desktop.

IMPORTANT

Virtual memory may keep some applications from running at their best speed. Don’t turn on virtual memory unless you need to keep several applications open at once. You should turn it off when you no longer need it. (You can turn virtual memory on or off by using the Memory control panel in the Control Panels folder in the Apple [K] menu.)

Note: If you turn on both virtual memory and a RAM disk in the Memory control panel, don’t set both of them at or near their maximum values. A RAM disk uses RAM as if it were hard disk space. Using both can result in unpredictable or reduced performance by your computer.

Protecting th e information on a disk

When you have a valuable paper document like a birth certificate, you probably make an extra copy of it for safekeeping. Similarly, you should make copies of the documents you create on your computer. T h e extra copy is called a backup, and the process of making the copy is called backing up.

Once you have a backup, you’re protected from accidentally losing the information on your hard disk. In the unlikely event that something happens to your hard disk, you can easily get the information back.

Making backup copies of your documents

Follow these tips for making backup copies of the documents on your computer:

m Regularly make copies of the documents you create. m You can back up files stored on your hard disk by copying them to

floppy disks.

m You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk

of the sa m e capacity or larger, or by copying it to a hard disk.

m If a file is too large to fit onto a single floppy disk, you need to use a

commercial backup application to copy the file onto multiple floppy disks.

m You can use a commercial backup application to copy new and changed

files from a hard disk to another hard disk, to a tape drive, or to a series of floppy disks.

m If your computer is on a network, you may be able to back up files by

copying them to a shared disk on the network.

Chapter 4

A helpful tip: A good way to remember which documents you have stored where is to print a copy of the items you’ve stored in a folder. For instructions on printing the contents of a folder, see the “Printing” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in t he Guide (h) menu.

Restoring the information on your hard disk

Your computer’s hard disk comes with valuable information already stored on it, including system software and some applications. If information on your hard disk becomes damaged or lost, you can restore it if you have a backup copy of th e infor ma tio n. The Macintosh Restore CD contai ns copies of all the system software and applications that came with your computer. See Chapter 8, “Reinstalling Your Computer’s Software,” for instructions on using the Macintosh Restore CD to reinstall software.

It is also helpful for easy reference to keep a printed copy of the items in your Syst em Fold er. For instr uctions on printing the contents of a folder, see the “Printing” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Using app li cations designed for the PowerPC microprocessor

Your Macintosh is compatible with most applications intended for use with Macintosh computers, but certain applications are designed especially for computers that have the PowerPC microprocessor. Sometimes called “native” applications, these applications take best advantage of your computer’s speed.

Special me mory require ments

Some native applications may be slightly larger than other applications and may take up more memory. If you find that you are running out of memory when you use one of these applications, you can use space on your computer’s hard disk as additional memory, which is called virtual memory. For instructions on how to use virtual memory, see the “Memory” area topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

You can also add more memory to your computer, as described in Chapter 10, “Installing Expansion Cards and Additional Memory.”

Installing and Using Application Programs

Using older Macintosh applications

If you experience problems using an older Macintosh application, it may be incompatible with your Macintosh. You may be able to use your older application if you turn off Modern Memory Manager. To do this, open the Apple (K) menu, open the Control Panels submenu, and select the Memory control panel. Then turn off Modern Memory Manager.

Chapter 4

This chapter provides information on the CD-ROM drive (also called a CD-ROM player). Refer to Appendix A, “Health, Safety, and Mai ntena nce Tips,” for information on the proper handling of CD-ROM discs.

With your internal CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory) drive, you have access to large amounts of information. The CD-ROM drive can read the contents of CD-ROM discs, standard audio compact discs (CDs), and singlesession or multisession Photo CDs. However, you cannot use the drive to save information on CD-ROM discs. ROM stands for

read-only memory, meaning

that the drive cannot “write” information onto CD-ROM discs. A wide selection of CD-ROM discs is available for entertainment,

education, and business. A typical disc can hold over 650 megabytes (MB) of information—the equivalent of 270,000 pages of text, up to 8 hours of speech or music (depending on the sound quality), hundreds of high-resolution images, or any combination of text, sound, and graphics.

Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive

Read this chapter for information about

your computer’s CD-ROM drive.

Chapter 5

Inse rting a CD-ROM disc

Follow these instructions to insert a CD-ROM disc into your CD-ROM drive. Then follow the instructions provided with your disc, as well as the instructions in this manual.

IMPORTANT

Some CD-ROM disc labels have artwork on them that can cause the dis c to be slightly off-center when it rotates in the drive. This may make the computer vibrate. See the next section, “If Your CD-ROM Disc Vibrates in the CD-ROM Drive,” for more information.

1 Start up your computer, if it’s not already on. 2Press the Open/Close button to open the tray of the CD-ROM drive.

The tray opens.

3Place a CD-ROM disc in the tray, with the disc label facing up.

Make sure the disc is lying flat and centered in the tray. If you are using a small (8 cm) disc, make sure the disc is centered within the

inside ring on the tray.

Place the CD disc, label side up, in the CD-ROM drive tray.

Open/Close button

Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive

4Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.

In a few moments, an icon for the CD-ROM disc appears on your screen. Note: The tray on your CD-ROM drive automatically closes when you shut

down your computer. You may want to open the tray and take out your CD-ROM disc before shutting down.

If your CD-ROM disc vibrates in the CD-ROM drive

Some CD-ROM disc labels have artwork on them that can cause the disc’s weight to be slightly off-center. Occasionally, this uneven distribution of weight coupled with the high rotation speed of your CD-ROM drive can cause a disc to wobble in the drive and cause your computer to vibrate. If your computer does begin to vibrate, you don’t need to do anything special; continue to use the CD-ROM disc as you normally would. The vibration damages neither the CD-ROM disc nor the computer.

Note: Removing a label from a disc that vibrates may eliminate the vibration.

Eje cting a CD-ROM disc

Foll ow thes e instructions to open the CD-ROM drive tray and eject a CD-ROM disc from your computer.

IMPORTANT

You may not be able to eject a disc if it is shared (available to other computers). To turn off file sharing, use the Sharing Setup control panel in the Control Panels folder, which is available in the Apple (

K) menu.

1 Open the tray.

There are several ways to open the tray of your CD-ROM drive.

If a CD-ROM disc icon appears on your screen, use one of these methods:

m Select the disc icon on your screen and drag the icon to the Trash. (You won’t

lose information on the CD-ROM disc by dragging its icon to the Trash.)

m Click the disc icon and choose the Put Away command in the File menu.

IMPORTANT

Don’t click the disc icon and choose Eject Disk from the Special menu. If you do this, the computer still holds the CD-ROM disc in its memory and keeps asking you to reinsert it.

m If the AppleCD Audio Player window is active, choose Eject CD from the

File menu, or simultaneously press the x and E keys. (AppleCD Audio Player, a program that allows you to play audio CDs and to control your CD-ROM player, is available in the Apple [K]menu.)

If no CD-ROM disc icon appears on your screen, do this:

m Press the Open/Close button for your CD-ROM drive.

2Take the CD-ROM disc out of the tray.

Store your disc in a safe place, away from heat, dust, and moisture.

3Push the tray in, or press the Open/Close button, to close the tray.

To avoid possible damage to the tray and the CD-ROM drive, keep the tray closed when you are not using it.

Chapter 5

Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive

Using the CD-ROM discs that came with your computer

Foll ow thes e ge neral guidelines whe n installing applications from a CD-ROM disc and also check the disc itself for specific instructions:

m If there is an Installer icon on the CD-ROM disc, double-click the icon to

install the program on your hard disk. When the installation finishes, click the new version of the program’s icon on your hard disk to open it.

m If instructions tell you to copy the disc’s application program to your hard

By the way: You don’t have to copy or install a program every time you want to use the program, only the first time. However, to use some interactive applications that come on a CD-ROM disc, the disc must be in the CD-ROM drive and its icon visible on your desktop, even if you have previously installed the application on your hard disk.

IMPORTANT

Never drag an entire CD-ROM disc icon to your hard disk. Copying the CD-ROM disc itself will take up most or all of the space on your hard disk.

Types of compact discs you can use

Not a ll CD-ROM discs store information in the same way. A disc stores and displays information according to a particular file format. Your computer’s system software must understand the file format in order to use the contents of the disc.

Standard file formats

You can use CD-ROM discs with these standard file formats: m HFS (Hierarchical File System)—the standard format used by the

Macintosh.

m ISO 9660—the Inter national Standards Organization’s file format for

CD-ROM discs. This format has been adopted by many CD manufacturers to make their discs compatible with a variety of computers. It is also the format that allows you to use Photo CDs in your CD-ROM drive.

Chapter 5

Don’t drag extension icons like these to your hard disk, even if the CD-ROM disc tells you to do it.

Drag application icons or folders like these to your hard disk, or double-click an Installer icon.

Hard disk

m The High Sierra format, a predecessor of the ISO 9660 format. m Photo CDs. m Audio CDs.

The software that lets you use discs with these file formats is already installed on your computer.

Other CD-ROM formats

Your CD-ROM drive also works with file formats other than the ones listed above (for example, CD-ROM XA) if you install the appropriate software on your Macintosh. To find out about the availability of Macintosh software for additional file formats, contact the publisher of a particular disc.

Audio CDs

Your CD-ROM drive can play audio CDs and audio tracks on CD-ROM discs using your computer’s built-in speaker. You can also attach headphones or speakers to your computer for stereo sound. For further information, see “Playing Audio CDs” later in this chapter. Also see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic area of Macintosh Guide (or Mac OS Guide), available in the Guide (h) menu.

Photo CDs

With your CD-ROM drive, you can use QuickTime to open digitized images stored on Photo CDs.

For more information on Photo CDs, see “Working With Photo CDs” later in this chapter. Also see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available i n the Guide (h) menu.

Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive

Playing audio CDs

With your CD-ROM drive and your computer’s built-in speaker, you can play audio compact discs (CDs) or audio tracks on CD-ROM discs. You can also attach headphones or speakers to the computer to listen to audio tracks. See Chapter 3 for information on connecting sound equipment to your computer.

To st art, stop, and otherwise control audio CDs, use the AppleCD Audio Player program, available in the Apple (K) menu. Your audio CD software will only play tracks that contain audio information. With the AppleCD Audio Player program, you can listen to an audio CD or audio tracks while doing other work on your computer. For more information about playing audio CDs, see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available i n the Guide (h) menu.

Working with Photo CDs

With your CD-ROM drive and software, you can open Photo CD images stored on Photo CDs. A Photo CD image is a digitized version of a standard photograph that you can open and view on your computer screen.

Chapter 5

You can do many things with the images on your Photo CDs:

m open and view the images individually m view the images in a series, as you would view a slide presentation m copy a nd save the images, print them, paste them into word-processing

documents or other documents that accept graphics, and edit them with a graphics application program

Photo CD images are an excellent source of graphics for desktop publishing, multimedia presentations, business documents, and professional-quality graphic design. For more information on working with Photo CD images, see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Obtain i ng Photo CDs

Your own photographs can be recorded as Photo CD images on a Photo CD. To obtain a photo CD of your own photographs, take your standard 35-mm film to a photofinisher who has a Photo CD system. The photofinisher develops your film, digitizes the photographs, and gives you back a Photo CD containing your images. A single Photo CD can hold approximately one hundred images.

If your Photo CD isn’t full, you can take it back to the photofinisher and have more photos added until the disc is full. Such discs are called multisession discs because they contain images added after the first session. Your CD-ROM drive can read both single-session and multisession Photo CDs. (Other CD-ROM drives can read only single-session discs and are unable to read the additional images placed on a multisession disc.)

Before viewing th e contents of a Photo CD

You can open Photo CD images with the Simple Text program that came with your computer. If you wish, you can use a graphics or image-editing program instead of SimpleText. For instructions, see the “CD-ROM Discs” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. If you use SimpleText to view high-resolution images, you should increase the amount of memory that SimpleText uses. For more information about memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h).

Using the Built-in CD-ROM Drive

A note about resolution

When a Photo CD is created, its images are recorded at five different levels of resolution. The higher the resolution, the more information is recorded about the image and the sharper the image appears when displayed or printed at larger sizes. However, high-resolution images take up a lot of memory—up to 18 MB of data for one photograph–which increases file size, as well as the amount of time it takes to display or print an image.

It’s best to work with a resolution appropriate for your monitor or printer. Some monitors and printers cannot display or print very high-resolution images.

Sharing a CD-ROM disc over a network

You can share a CD-ROM disc with other computer users over a network by using the file-sharing feature of System 7.5. If your disc has audio portions, you will be able to hear the audio yourself, but other people on the network will not. Likewise, you cannot hear the audio portions of discs you access over a network.

IMPORTANT

You may not be able to eject a disc if it is shared. To turn off file sharing, use the Sharing Setup control panel in the Control Panels folder, which i s in the Apple (K) menu.

For further information about file sharing in System 7.5, see the “Sharing Files” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 5

This chapter discusses how you use your Macintosh to connect to the fastest growing organization on earth: the online community. This community gathers in private places provided by subscriber-only services and in the public space called the

Internet. Wit h a modem and the right software, you have a couple of options for reaching these meeting places. Once you arrive you can exchange e-mail messages, browse the World Wide Web, gather information on topics of interest to you, participate in discussion groups, download software, and use many other services. This chapter provides some explanations and instructions to help you connect.

Using Your Modem to Connect to the Internet or an Online Service

Read this chapter for information

about the Internet and online

service software that is included

with your computer.

About the Internet and its language

The Internet, or “Net” as it’s sometimes called, is a loosely knit federation of computer networks that “speak” the same language. The language in this case, is a co mmunications standard known as the Internet protoc ol, or IP.

No one individual or company owns the Intern et, and the individual computers and the networks of computers knitted into it are located all over the world. Originally created for military purposes, the Inter net developed dramatically as universities began using it to share information and data. It has now become an expansive resource for millions of users around the world, catering to virtually every imaginable interest.

You may have come upon the term TCP/IP, or Tran smiss ion Control Protocol.

TCP/IP is the series of protocols used for sending data across the Internet. Sending a message across the Internet involves a three-step process. First, a network computer breaks up the data that make up the message into several smaller data packages, each of which conforms to a strict set of guidelines. These guidelines are called TCP. Once the computer has properly prepared the packages, it sends them out for delivery. The packets’ addresses, directions on how to deliver them, and other routing specifications are dictated by the other set of guidelines mentioned earlier, Internet Protocol (IP). Because of the Internet’s complexity, the packages may not travel together, even though they are bound for the same address, and may even arrive at different times. Using TCP, the computer at the receiving end unscrambles the packets and sorts the data to re-create the original message.

Using your modem to connect to an Internet service provider or an online service

Once you have physically connected your modem to a phone line, you have several choices to make before you can get to the Internet. First, you must connect to and open an account with an electronic service provider. Providers fall generally into two categories: Internet service providers (ISPs) and online services. Each has its distinct qualities; both charge a fee for your account. Your Macintosh comes with two software packages that give you the choice of connecting with an ISP or an online service. The software items are the Apple Internet Connection Kit (AICK) and America Online (AOL), respectively.

Chapter 6

Connecting with the Apple Internet Connection Kit

As the name implies, the facilities of an Intern et Service Provider let you use your computer to get onto the Intern et. Although some ISPs offer other services, Internet access is their main business. Once you connect with an ISP, you have unlimited access to the Internet because your connection with the ISP actually turns your computer into a part of the network itself.

All the software you need to connect with an ISP is included with your computer in the Apple Inter net Connection Kit (AICK). This software package helps you select and set up an account with one of several ISPs and helps you set up your Internet connection software. AICK also contains several other software utilities designed for the Internet. For more information and instructions, see the manual and online h elp that come with AICK.

Connecting with America Online

Unlike ISPs, online services provide additional services for their members alone. An online service may offer e-mail, updated news, sports scores, and stock price updates, special chat groups, and other services as well as a connection to the Internet. Some, like AOL, also offer their own software for use on the Internet. Online ser vices work differently from ISPs in that they filter and funnel some of the data before you receive it and do not make your computer an actual part of the Internet. This allows such services to tailor the Internet access they provide their members. For example, Internet sites deemed not suitable for children can be placed off limits. You might consider this in deciding whether to select an online service or an ISP.

Your computer includes the software needed to connect with America Online (AOL). Because AOL is very easy to use it may be the best choice if you have never used an online service or the Internet before. You can open the AOL software by double-clicking its icon. Check the onscreen help that comes with the software for assistance on establishing an account with AOL.

Using Your Modem to Connect to the Internet or an Online Service

What the c onne c tion software does

Once you have selected a service that will get you to the Internet, you must first establish a phone link with the service and configure your modem so that it can “speak” with the service’s computers. Like the TCP/IP language spoken among computers on the Internet, your modem communicates with the service’s computers in a n industry-standard language, called Poin t-to-Point Protocol, or PPP. The data sent by your computer in PPP is converted by the service’s computers into TCP/IP and then is sent out over the Inter net. When data arrives from the Internet, the translation process occurs in reverse.

When you use AICK, the Internet Dialer program establishes and configures the PPP connection between your modem and the chosen ISP. A similar piece of software sets up the connection when you use AOL. See the i nstructions

that come w i th AICK and AOL for more information.

What you can do on the Internet

The complexity of the Internet makes it possible to communicate across it in a variety of ways, including exchanging e-mail, teleconferencing, and retrieving files. Both AICK and AOL provide you with software required for

some of these forms of communication. (For more information, refer to the relevant manual and online help for AICK and AOL.)

Brows e the World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (also known as the Web) is the fastest growing part of the Internet. You view information on the Web by using software called a

Web b rowser. You can view color images, animation, and video, and even hear sound. The “documents” that you view on the Web are known as Web pages, a collection of which is called a Web si te . Web pages and sites contain links to other pages and sites. When you click a word or image that has been designated as a link, your browser automatically displays the contents of the linked page. Following is a portion of the “home page” of the Apple Computer web site.

Chapter 6

E-mail

You use electronic mail, or e-mail, to exchange information in much the same way that you use paper mail, except that e-mail is faster and more convenient. It is as easy to send a message to a single recipient as it is to send the sam e message to many recipients. You can also attach entire electronic files to e-mail.

Newsgroups

You can participate in “newsgroups”—worldwide public discussion groups for debating issues and for exchanging information. You can subscribe to a news group for almost any topic imaginable, and you can read, respond to, and create your own messages, usually referred to as articles. Most newsgroups are unmoderated, which means that you can post your articles directly to the news group. Other newsgroups are moderated, which means someone screens the articles and posts only those deemed appropriate for the newsgroup.

Using Your Modem to Connect to the Internet or an Online Service

FTP

You can use File Tra nsfer Protocol (FTP) software to transfer files to or from other computers on the Internet. Many specialized computers known as

servers provide Intern et users with files through FTP. FTP software comes in handy when you want to download (copy to your computer) software or

software updates over the Inter net.

Telnet

With Telnet so ftwa re you can log onto other computers so that you can use their programs and data as if those items were on your own hard disk. Many libraries, for instance, have electronic (online) card catalogs that you can access by using Telnet software. There are a variety of other specialized databases that you can access through Telnet.

Chapter 6

Any group of computers and other devices connected in order to communicate with each other constitutes a network. Some networks connect all their computers by a particular type of cable. Such networks are called a local area network (LAN). LANs can be as simple as two computers connected together or as complex as a business’s in-house computer network. Sometimes groups of networks connect to form a larger network, such as the Internet. This is called a wide area network (WAN). This chapter discusses several types of LANs to which you can connect your computer.

Connecting to a network expands the features of your computer by giving you access to the services and resources provided on the network. For example, your computer by itself lets you store, retrieve, and modify information on floppy disks, hard disks, and CD-ROM discs. When your computer is connected to a network, however, you can also store and retrieve information on the hard disks and CD-ROM discs of other computers, use electronic mail, and share computing resources such as printers, modems, and network services.

You can get much of the specific information about the network you want to connect to from the

network administrator—the p e rson who oversees the network’s operation. Before you begin connecting to a network, contact its network administrator.

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

Read this chapter for information

about connecting to other computers

in a local area network.

Your computer can be connected to several kinds of networks including the following :

LocalTalk

To connect to a LocalTalk network, you connect a LocalTalk

cable to the printer por t on your computer.

Ethernet

To connect to a high-speed Ethernet network, you need an Ethernet card installed in the communication or PCI (peripheral component interconnect) slot in your computer.

Alternative networks such as token ring, ISDN, or Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)

To connect to any of these networks, you need to install a PCI card for the specific type of network you want to connect to in one of the PCI slots in your computer.

This chapter describes how to connect to and configure your computer on LocalTalk and Ethernet n etworks. For other network-related information, refer to the appropriate information source.

m If your computer is already connected to a network, refer to Macintosh

Guide (or Mac OS Guide), available in the Guide (h) menu, for information about printing on a networked printer, accessing information on file servers, and sharing files on your computer with other users. Also, your network administrator can provide information about network software that may be available, such as Internet access and electronic mail.

m If your location does not currently have a network and you are interested

in setting one up, refer to a book on Macintosh networking that will help you select and plan a network appropriate for your organization. Many books are available, such as Planning and Managing AppleTalk Networks, an Apple book published by Addison-Wesley, which is available at computer bookstores.

Note: Wi th a modem, you can connect to the Internet and other online services. However, with an Ethernet card or LocalTalk connection (described in this chapter), you can also connect your computer to other computers or servers in a local area network. You may also be able to reach the Intern et if you connect to a network that has an Internet link. (Access to the Internet over a network may be noticeably faster than access by a modem. For information on using your modem to connect to different services, see Chapter 6.)

Chapter 7

Connecting to a LocalTalk n etw o rk

To connect your Macintosh to a LocalTalk network, you will need LocalTalk cables and a LocalTalk adapter. In most cases, the Apple LocalTalk Locking Connector Kit DIN-8, available from your Apple-authorized dealer, contains the components you need to connect your Macintosh to an existing LocalTalk network. If your network uses standard telephone cables for your network wiring, obtain an Apple LocalTalk RJ-11 Connector instead.

To connect your Macintosh to a LocalTalk network, do the following:

1Shut down your computer. 2Attach the LocalTalk adapter to the printer port or modem port on your computer.

3Attach a network cable between the LocalTalk adapter connected to your computer and a

LocalTalk adapter on your existing network.

IMPORTANT

While connecting to the middle of the network you may interrupt

other users. Check with your network administrator before you connect.

Printer port icon

Printer port

LocalTalk adapterLocalTalk adapter

Apple LocalTalk RJ-11 ConnectorApple LocalTalk Locking Connector Kit DIN-8

LocalTalk cable

Standard telephone cable

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

If you connect to the last computer in the network, you need to attach a network terminator to your LocalTalk adapter.

If you are using the Apple LocalTalk Locking Connector Kit DIN-8, use the LocalTalk cable that comes with the kit to connect to a network with LocalTalk cables. If you are using the Apple LocalTalk RJ-11 Connector, use a standard telephone cable with RJ-11 connectors.

4Configure your LocalTalk connection following the advice of your network administrator

and the instructions in “Configuring Your Network Connection” later in this chapter.

Printer port

LocalTalk adapter LocalTalk cable

Chapter 7

Connecting to an Ethernet network

Ethernet is a cable system that lets your computer communicate with other computers much faster than it can with LocalTalk cables. To connect your computer to an Ethernet network, you need to do the following:

m Find out from your network administrator what kind of Ethernet network

you’ re connecting to.

m Purchase and install the right kind of Ethernet card and cable. Refer to the

next section in this chapter for information about how to choose the correct card for your computer. Refer to Chapter 10, “Installing Expansion Cards and Additional Memory,” for instructions on installing cards in your computer.

m Connect the card to the network. Refer to instructions later in this chapter

for connecting the card to the type of Ethernet network you have.

m Configure the network connection. Refer to the instructions in “Configuring

Your Network Connection,” later in this chapter, for information.

Choosing an Ethernet card

If you decide to add an Ethernet card to your computer, the kind of Ethernet card you should purchase depends on two factors—where the card will be installed in your computer and what kind of network you’ll be connecting to. Depending on the type of card you install, you may also need an appropriate media adapter.

Wher e to install the card

The easiest way to add an Ethern et card to your computer is to purchase and install an Ethernet card that uses the computer’s PCI (peripheral component interconnect) slot.

Some E thernet card s, su ch a s the Apple Ethernet CS II card, use the communication slot of your computer. Since your computer comes with an internal modem card already installed in this slot, you will first have to remove the modem card if you want to install an Ethernet card here. (In this case, the internal modem will no longer be available, so you may want to connect an external modem to your computer.)

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

m If your Ethernet card uses a PCI slot, follow the instructions in “Installing

a PCI Card” in the section “Installing an Expansion Card” in Chapter 10, and the instr uctions that came with the card.

m If your Ethernet card uses the communication slot (often referred to as an

Apple Et hernet Comm II card or a CS II card), follow the instructions for removing the modem card and installing the Ethernet card in “Installing a Communication Card” in the section “Installing an Expansion Card” in Chapter 10 and the instructions that came with the card.

Network type

Find out what kind of network you will be connecting to (your network administrator should be able to provide this information). Depending on the kind of network, you will choose among cards that use one of these types of cables:

m thin or thick coaxial (or “coax”) cable, also called 10Base-2 m 10Base-T (twisted pair) cable m fiber-optic media or other standard Ethernet cable

For example, if you know that your Ethernet network uses 10Base-T cables, and you want to continue to use your communication slot for the internal modem card, you would purchase a 10Base-T Ethernet card that fits in a PCI slot.

Media adapters

You can connect direct ly to an Ether net network using a 10Base-T twisted-pair cable. However, to connect your computer to an Ethernet n etwork using coaxial cabl es, you need one of the following Ethernet media adapters:

m Apple Et hernet Thin Coax Transceiver

m Apple Et hernet AUI Adapter

See your Apple-authorized dealer for more information on Apple Ethernet media adapters.

WARNING

Do not connect cables to the back of your computer when the

power is on, or you may damage your system.

Chapter 7

Connecting to a twisted-pair Ethernet network

Follow this procedure to connect your Macintosh to an Ethern et n etwork that uses twisted-pair cable. (You can’t connect to an Ethernet network unless you installed an Ethern et card. If your computer didn’t come with an Ether net card already installed, see the information at the beginning of this section, “Connecting to an Ethernet Network.”) You need a twisted-pair patch cord with an RJ-45 telephone-style connector, which you plug into a wall plate connected to the existing 10Base-T Ethernet network.

IMPORTANT

Be careful not to plug a regular telephone cable into your RJ-45 connector. Although it works very differently, an RJ-45 connector looks very similar to a standard telephone cable. Also, the connectors at the ends of the cables will fit into both telephone and twisted-pair Ethernet ports. Make sure you are using an RJ-45 connector cable.

To connect your Macintosh to a twisted-pair Ether net network, follow these instructions:

1Shut down your computer. 2Plug one end of the twisted-pair patch cord into the 10Base-T Ethernet port on

the Ethernet card in your Macintosh.

Status light (lights up when there’s a good network connection) Twisted-pair Ethernet port (10Base-T)

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

3Plug the other end of the twisted-pair patch cord into an RJ-45 wall outlet that is

connected to a twisted-pair Ethernet network.

4Configure your network connection following the advice of your network administrator

and the instructions in “Configuring Your Network Connection” later in this chapter.

Connecting to a thin coaxial Ethernet network

Follow this procedure to connect your Macintosh to an Ethern et n etwork that uses thin coaxia l cabl e. The hardware connection requires an Apple (or Apple-compatible) thin coaxial Ethernet card and a thin coaxial cable.

IMPORTANT

You can connect your Macintosh anywhere on the network; however, to do so requires that you temporarily disconnect the network, which will interrupt existing network services and activity temporarily. Consult your network administrator before connecting your computer to

the network.

Twisted-pair cable

Wall plate (RJ-45 port)

Ethernet port (twisted-pair)

RJ-45 connector

Chapter 7

1Shut down your Macintosh. 2Attach one end of a thin coaxial cable to the T-connector that came with your card.

Don’t attach the T-connector to your computer yet.

3 On the computer closest to your computer, detach the network cable (or terminator) from

its T-connector.

This disrupts network services for other users.

4 Lock the free end of your thin coaxial cable to the T-connector on the other computer.

Ethernet port (thin coaxial)T-connector

Thin coaxial cable (or thin coaxial Ethernet terminator if your computer is the last device on the network)

Thin coaxial cable

WARNING

Do not connect the Ethernet cable directly to the coaxial port on the back of the computer. The cable must first be attached to the T-conn ector and the T-connector must be attached to the coaxial port.

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

5If you are adding your computer somewhere in the middle of the network, lock the

unattached network cable to your T-connector. Otherwise, lock a terminator to your T-connector.

This restores network services for other users.

IMPORTANT

A thin coaxial network must be terminated at the endpoints to function. An Apple transceiver is self-terminating. A non-Apple transceiver may require a termi nator; check the documentation that came with the transceiver.

6Configure your network connection following the advice of your network administrator

and the instructions in “Configuring Your Network Connection” later in this chapter.

Connecting to other types of Ethernet network

The Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter is a universal adapter that lets you connect your computer to less common types of industry-standard Ethernet media, such as thick coaxial or fiber-optic cable. If you are using the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter, you also need an Ethernet transceiver for your specific media type; the transceiver must have a standard AUI port on it.

To connect your computer to an Ethernet transceiver for other types of Ethernet media, follow these instructions:

1Shut down your computer. 2Connect the Ethernet transceiver to the network following the instructions that came

with the transceiver.

Status light (lights up when there’s a good network connection) Thin coaxial Ethernet port (10Base-2)

Chapter 7

3Plug the transceiver cable from the Ethernet transceiver into the standard AUI port on

the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter.

4Plug the adapter’s power cord into an electrical power outlet. 5Plug the connector on the Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter into the AAUI Ethernet port on

your Macintosh.

6Configure your network connection following the advice of your network administrator

and the instructions in “Configuring Your Network Connection,” next.

AAUI Ethernet port

Electrical outlet

Ethernet port (AAUI)

AAUI connector

Apple Ethernet AUI Adapter

Ethernet transceiver for other media

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

Configuring your network connection

After you physically connect your computer to a LocalTalk or Ether net network, you need to configure your network connection in the AppleTalk control panel, the TCP/IP control panel, or both.

m You use the AppleTalk control panel to set up your connection to an

AppleTalk network (that is, a network using the AppleTalk protocol).

m You use the TCP/IP control panel to set up your connection to the Inter n et

and to a TCP/IP network. (TCP/IP stands for Tra nsmission Control Protocol/Intern et Protocol. It is the set of data communication rules followed by networks to communicate with each other on the Inter net.)

You may need additional information about the network to which your computer is connected, or about the service through which your computer is connected to the Internet. To get this information, you may need to contact your network administrator or your Internet ser vice provider (ISP).

Configuring your AppleTalk network connection

To configure your AppleTalk network connection, you must specify the port you use to connect your computer to the network.

Additionally, you may need to select the zone in which your computer is located. Larger networks use zones to create groups of computers, printers, servers, and other network devices. For example, a network might have a zone for each floor in an office building. If your network has more than one zone, you can choose the zone in which your computer is located. The zone you choose is automatically selected when you open the Chooser (for example, when you select a network printer), and it is the zone in which other network users can find your computer if you turn on file sharing.

To configure your AppleTalk network connection, follow these steps:

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

) menu.

Chapter 7

2Double-click the AppleTalk icon to open it.

The AppleTalk control panel opens.

3Move the pointer to the “Connect via” pop-up menu (if available) and choose the port

through which your computer is connected to the network.

You can connect to an AppleTalk network through an Ethernet por t, the printer port, the modem port, or any other ports available on expansion cards installed in your computer. (Any additional ports appear automatically in this pop-up menu.)

Note: If you don’t see a pop-up menu here, this setting has been locked. Contact your network administrator for assistance. (If you don’t have a network administrator, you can use the Administration user mode to unlock this setting. For more information about user modes, click the h button in the AppleTalk control panel.)

4 Use the Current Zone pop-up menu (if available) to choose the zone you want.

If you don’t see a pop-up menu here, either your network has no zones, this setting has been locked, or your network is not set up to allow you to choose a zone. Zones are set up by the network administrator.

5Click the close box to close the AppleTalk control panel.

If you have made configuration changes, a message asks if you want to save them.

If you have changed the port, a message also tells you that the change will interrupt any AppleTalk services that are established. This means that your network services, such as printers and e-mail, may be temporarily unavailable, and you may have to choose a printer and connect to your e-mail service again.

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

6 To save your changes, click the Save button.

Your changes take effect immediately; you do not have to restart your computer.

Getting more information about the AppleTalk control panel

Macintosh Guide contains information about additional capabilities available in the AppleTalk control panel, such as

m using configurations, a way to save different AppleTalk settings and switch

among them as desired—for example, if you use your computer with more than one network

m using the User Mode command to change the availability of settings in the

AppleTalk control panel

m turning AppleTalk off in order to save RAM in your computer when you

are not using an AppleTalk network

For more information about these capabilities, click the h button in the AppleTalk control panel.

Configuring your TCP/IP network connection

You must properly set up the TCP/IP control panel if your computer is connected to a network that uses TCP/IP standards, such as the Internet.

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a set of rules that is applied to data sent and received on the Internet. The rules standardize how data is communicated so that many different kinds of computers can recognize it. TCP/IP protocols can be used with many different types of network equipment and connections. If you don’t know whether your network uses TCP/IP, contact your network administrator.

To set up your TCP/IP network connection, you must specify the port you use to connect your computer to the network. TCP/IP networks also require information about your computer’s network address. You must enter that information in the TCP/IP control panel or specify a server on which the information can be found. To get this information, check with your network administrator or Internet service provider.

Chapter 7

Before you begin

To configure your connection, you need to know the types of servers used on the network, your Intern et Protocol (IP) address, and your subnet mask. Your Internet service provider or network administrator can give you the information you need in order to set up your connection.

Setting up

To set up your TCP/IP network connection, follow these steps:

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple menu.

The Control Panels window opens.

2Double-click the TCP/IP icon to open it.

The TCP/IP control panel opens.

3 Use the “Connect via” pop-up menu to choose the port through which your computer is

connected to the network.

Note: If you don’t see the pop-up menu or other settings described in this section, the TCP/IP configuration may have been locked. Contact your network administrator for assistance. (If you don’t have a network administrator, you can use the Administration user mode to unlock this setting. For more information about user modes, click the h button in the TCP/IP control panel.)

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

4 Use the Configure pop-up menu to choose a configuration method.

If you are connected using Ethernet, the pop-up menu looks like this:

If you are connected using AppleTalk (MacIP), the pop-up menu looks like this:

Whether you proceed to step 5 or step 6 depends on whether you are configuring your network manually or automatically.

To use a TCP/IP network, your computer must have an IP (Internet Protocol) address, and it often must have a subnet mask number. Your network address and subnet mask number identify your computer’s location on the network. This information can be entered manually or obtained automatically from a server. (An address entered manually is called a static IP address; one obtained automatically is known as a dynamic IP address.) Before you set up your TCP/IP network connection, obtain your IP address and subnet mask number from your Internet service provider or network administrator. If these can b e obtained automatically from a server, you need to know what type of server. Here are the types that will appear in the Configuration pop-up menu in the instructions that follow:

BootP

A Boot Protocol server automatically provides the TCP/IP setup

information you need.

RARP

A Reverse Address Resolution Protocol server provides the IP address for your computer, but you must provide the rest of the information manually.

DHCP

A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server automatically provides all the TCP/IP setup information you need.

MacIP

A Macintosh Internet Protocol provides all the TCP/IP setup information you need, but you need to know the zone where the MacIP server is located. (MacIP is also a protocol for sending Internet-style packets of information over an AppleTalk network.)

Chapter 7

5If you are configuring your network connection manually, type the information provided

by your network administrator or Internet service provider into the appropriate boxes.

You must specify an IP address, the individual address assigned to each computer on the network. You may also need to enter a subnet mask number, router address, and other information. A subnet mask is a security item that keeps your computer from identifying other computers’ IP addresses. A router address is the address of the computer with which your computer exchanges data over the network.

6If your network configuration will be provided automatically by a server, do one of

the following:

m If you are using a BootP server or DHCP server, skip to step 8. The server

usually provides all the configuration information needed by TCP/IP.

m If you are using a RARP server, you may need to type additional

information provided by your network administrator or Internet service provider into the appropriate boxes. If so, enter the information now.

m If you are using a MacIP server, click Select Zone. In the dialog box that

appears, choose the zone that contains the MacIP server you want to use and then click OK. If you are connecting with Apple Remote Access (ARA) you must open a connection before you can select a zone.

7If you are configuring manually, get the Name Server Address from your Internet service

provider or network administrator.

Many networks provide more than one Name Server Address.

8Click the close box to close the TCP/IP control panel.

If you have made configuration changes, a message asks if you want to save them. If you have changed the port, a message also tells you that the change will interrupt any connections to TCP/IP services. For example, you may have to quit and reopen a Web browser or e-mail software after saving changes.

9 To save your changes, click the Save button.

Your changes take effect immediately; you do not have to restart your computer.

Connecting Your Computer to a Network

Getting more information about the TCP/IP control panel

Macintosh Guide contains information about additional capabilities available in the TCP/IP control panel, such as

m using configurations, a way to save different TCP/IP settings and switch

among them as desired

m using the User Mode command to determine the availability of settings in

the TCP/IP control panel.

m turning TCP/IP off to save RAM when you are not using a TCP/IP-based

network

For more information about these capabilities, click the h button in the TCP/IP control panel.

Chapter 7

Reinstalling Your Computer’s Software

System software is the set of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run the application programs you use. System software is kept in the System Folder. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a startup disk, which is a disk that contains the system software. The startup disk is usually the hard disk that’s inside your computer, though another hard disk, a floppy disk, or a compact disc (CD) can also be a startup disk.

When should you reinstall system software?

Your Macintosh came with all the necessary system software installed on its internal hard disk, so you don’t need to install system software on that disk unless you encounter software problems.

If you have a new hard disk or a newly initialized hard disk that doesn’t contain system software, or if you want to upgrade to a more recent version of system soft ware on a hard disk, you need to install system software. Follow the inst ructions in this chapter to reinstall system software.

Consult this chapter if you have problems

with your computer that require you to

reinstall the computer’s software.

If your hard disk already has system software installed on it but there is a problem with the disk or the software, you may see this icon in the middle of the screen:

If this icon appears, first try testing your startup hard disk and repairing any damage. To do this, follow the instructions in “Repairing a Damaged Disk” in Chapter 9. If repairi ng the disk doesn’t help, follow the instructions in the

next section.

Whe n to use the restore CDs that came with your computer

You reinstall your computer’s software by using the various CDs that came with your computer.

This chapter describes three ways to use the restore CDs:

m You can reinstall (restore) just the system software—the files needed to run

your computer—using the Restore System Software program.

m You can reinstall (restore) all the software that came with your computer by

using the Restore All Software program.

m You can copy one or more individual files from the CD-ROM disc to your

hard disk.

You need to use the Macintosh Restore CD to reinstall the system software if

m your computer will not start m a file or an application program is missing or damaged

Chapter 8

Reinstalling Your Computer’s Software

The “If You Still Have Problems” section at the end of this chapter tells you what to do if the CD-ROM disc does not solve the problems with your computer.

Using the CD-ROM disc to start up your computer

Before you reinstall software onto your hard disk, you need to start up your computer with the Macintosh Restore CD. The procedure for starting up from the CD-ROM disc varies depending on the condition of the system software on your hard disk. To find out which procedure to use, you must turn on your computer.

If you see a blinking question mark on the screen

The blinking question mark means that your computer is unable to find usable system software on your hard disk.

Note: If you don’t see a blinki ng question mark, go to the next section, “If You See the Macintosh Desktop.”

1Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray. 2Place the

Macintosh Restore CD

in the tray with the disc label facing up.

Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray.

3 To close the tray, push the tray in or press the Open/Close button.

Your Macintosh recognizes the CD-ROM disc as a startup disk, and in a few seconds the desktop below appears.

Now continue with the steps in “Reinstalling Your System Software” or “Reinstalling All Your Original Software.”

If you see the Macintosh desktop

1Press the Open/Close button of your CD-ROM drive to open the CD-ROM tray. 2Place the

Macintosh Restore CD

in the tray with the disc label facing up.

Make sure the disc is lying flat in the tray.

3 To close the tray, push the tray in or press the Open/Close button. 4Hold down the C key on your keyboard while you choose Restart from the Special menu

and wait for the message “Welcome to Macintosh” to appear.

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Chapter 8

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Apple Power Macintosh 4400 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual