Apple Keynote - 09 User’s Guide

Keynote ’09

User Guide

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019-2122 07/2011

11 Preface: Welcome to Keynote ’09

13 Chapter 1: Keynote Tools and Techniques 13 About Themes and Master Slides 16 The Keynote Window 17 Zooming In or Out 17 Changing Views 21 Jumping to a Particular Slide 21 The Toolbar 22 The Format Bar 23 The Inspector Window 24 The Media Browser 25 The Colors Window 26 The Fonts Window 27 Keyboard Shortcuts and Shortcut Menus 28 The Warnings Window

29 Chapter 2: Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation 29 About Creating or Opening a Document 29 Creating a New Keynote Presentation 30 Importing a Slideshow 30 Opening an Existing Keynote Document 31 About Saving Presentations 31 Saving a Presentation 33 Saving a Copy of a Presentation 33 Automatically Saving a Backup Version of a Presentation 34 Finding an Archived Version of a Presentation 36 Saving a Document as a Theme 36 Saving Search Terms for a Document 36 Locking a Presentation So It Can’t Be Edited 37 Undoing Changes 37 Password-Protecting Your Document 39 Closing a Document Without Quitting Keynote

40 Chapter 3: Creating and Managing Slides 40 About Adding, Deleting, and Organizing Slides 40 Adding Slides 42 Grouping Slides 42 Deleting Slides 42 Skipping Slides 43 Reordering Slides 43 Adding Slide Numbers 44 About Changing a Slide’s Theme, Master, or Layout 44 Changing a Slide’s Theme 45 Applying a New Master to a Slide 45 Customizing an Individual Slide’s Layout 46 Making the Same Change on Multiple Slides 47 Commenting on Slides

49 Chapter 4: Working with Text 49 Selecting Text 50 Deleting, Copying, and Pasting Text 50 Formatting Text Size and Appearance 50 Making Text Bold, Italic, or Underlined 51 Adding Shadow to Text 51 Adding a Strikethrough to Text 52 Creating Outlined Text 52 Changing Text Size 54 Making Text Subscript or Superscript 54 Changing Text Capitalization 55 Changing Fonts 55 Changing Text Color 56 Using Advanced Typography Features 57 Typing Special Characters and Symbols 58 Using Smart Quotes 58 Adding Accent Marks 58 Viewing Keyboard Layouts for Other Languages 59 Inserting a Nonbreaking Space 59 Adjusting Font Smoothing 60 Formatting Text Bullets and Numbering 61 About Free Text Boxes and Text in Shapes 61 Adding a Free Text Box 62 Putting Text Inside a Shape 63 Setting Text Alignment and Spacing 64 Aligning Text Horizontally 64 Aligning Text Vertically 65 Adjusting Spacing Within Text Box Borders

4 Contents

65 Setting the Spacing Between Lines of Text 66 Setting the Spacing Before or After a Paragraph 67 Adjusting the Spacing Between Characters 67 Aligning Text with Tab Stops and Paragraph Indentation 69 Presenting Text in Columns 70 Checking Your Slides for Textual Errors 70 Checking for Misspelled Words 71 Automatically Substituting Text 72 Finding and Replacing Text

73 Chapter 5: Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 73 Importing Images 75 Automatically Reducing Images to Fit Your Slides 75 Replacing Theme Images with Your Own Media 76 Masking (Cropping) Images 78 Removing the Background or Unwanted Elements from an Image 79 Changing an Image’s Brightness, Contrast, and Other Settings 81 About Creating Shapes 81 Adding a Predrawn Shape 81 Adding a Custom Shape 82 Making Shapes Editable 87 About Manipulating, Arranging, and Changing the Look of Objects 87 Selecting Multiple Objects 88 Copying or Duplicating Objects 88 Deleting Objects 88 Moving Objects and Positioning Them on the Slide Canvas 94 Modifying Object Size, Orientation, Outline, and More 100 Filling Objects with Colors or Images 103 Copying an Object’s Style to Another Object 104 Working with MathType

105 Chapter 6: Adding Sound and Movies 105 Sound and Movie Types That Play in Keynote 106 About Adding Audio to Your Slideshow 106 Adding Sound to an Individual Slide 106 Adding a Soundtrack to a Slideshow 107 Recording a Voiceover Narration 109 Placing a Movie on a Slide 109 Placing a Picture Frame Around a Movie 11 0 Adjusting Media Playback Settings 111 Reducing the Size of Media Files

Contents 5

112 Chapter 7: Using Motion in Slideshows 113 Adding Transitions Between Slides 114 Tips for Creating a Magic Move Transition 115 Tips for Creating a Transition Using Text Eects 115 Tips for Creating a Transition Using Object Eects 115 About Animating Slides with Object Builds 116 Moving Objects on or o Slides Using Builds 117 About Animating Objects on Slides (Action Builds) 121 Building a Series of Images on a Single Slide (Smart Builds) 124 Reordering Object Builds 124 Automating Object Builds 125 About Animating Bulleted Text, Tables, and Charts 128 Creating Movie Builds 128 Copying or Removing Object Builds

130 Chapter 8: Using Hyperlinks in a Presentation 130 About Hyperlinks 130 About Making an Object into a Hyperlink 134 Creating Hyperlinks-Only Presentations 134 Underlining Hyperlink Text

135 Chapter 9: Creating Charts from Data 135 About Charts 138 Adding a New Chart and Entering Your Data 140 Changing a Chart from One Type to Another 140 Editing Data in an Existing Chart 141 Formatting Charts 142 Placing and Formatting a Chart’s Title and Legend 142 Resizing or Rotating a Chart 143 Formatting Chart Axes 146 Formatting the Elements in a Chart’s Data Series 148 Showing Error Bars in Charts 149 Showing Trendlines in Charts 150 Formatting the Text of Chart Titles, Labels, and Legends 150 Customizing the Look of Pie Charts 154 Setting Shadows, Spacing, and Series Names on Bar and Column Charts 155 Customizing Data Point Symbols and Lines in Line Charts 155 Showing Data Point Symbols in Area Charts 156 Using Scatter Charts 157 Customizing 2-Axis and Mixed Charts 157 Adjusting Scene Settings for 3D Charts

6 Contents

159 Chapter 10: Using Tables 159 Adding a Table 161 Adding Rows to a Table 161 Adding Columns to a Table 162 Deleting Table Rows and Columns 162 Resizing a Table 163 Typing Content into Table Cells 164 Selecting and Navigating Table Cells 165 Autolling Table Cells 166 Editing Table Cell Contents 167 About Customizing the Look and Layout of Tables 167 Alternating Table Row Colors 168 Adding Table Header Rows or Header Columns 169 Adding Table Footer Rows 169 Merging Table Cells 170 Splitting Table Cells 171 Selecting and Moving Table Cell Borders 173 Filling Table Cells with Color or Images 173 About Using Tables to Sort and Process Data 174 Working with Numbers in Table Cells 174 Sorting Data in Table Cells 175 Using Conditional Formatting to Monitor Table Cell Values 178 Formatting Table Cell Values for Display 179 Applying the Automatic Format to Table Cells 180 Applying a Number Format to Table Cells 181 Applying a Currency Format to Table Cells 181 Applying a Percentage Format to Table Cells 182 Applying a Date and Time Format to Table Cells 182 Applying a Duration Format to Table Cells 183 Applying the Fraction Format to Table Cells 183 Applying a Numeral System Format to Table Cells 184 Applying the Scientic Format to Table Cells 184 Applying the Text Format to Table Cells 184 Using Your Own Formats for Displaying Values in Table Cells

Contents 7

200 Chapter 11: Viewing, Printing, and Exporting Your Slideshow 200 About Dierent Ways to Present Slideshows 200 Creating Self-Playing Presentations 201 Setting Slideshow Playback Options 202 About Rehearsing and Viewing Presentations 202 Adding Presenter Notes 203 Setting the Slide Size 203 Rehearsing Your Presentation 204 Viewing a Presentation on Your Computer’s Display 204 Viewing a Presentation on an External Display or Projector 207 About Controlling Presentations 208 Customizing the Presenter Display 210 Controlling a Presentation with the Keyboard 213 Playing Movies 213 Showing the Pointer During a Presentation 213 Using an Apple Remote 214 Using Keynote Remote 215 Using Other Applications During a Presentation 215 Printing Your Slides 217 About Exporting a Slideshow to Other Formats 217 Saving a Presentation in iWork ’08 Format 217 Sharing a Presentation Across Platforms 222 About Sending a Presentation to iLife Applications 225 Viewing a Slideshow in iChat Theater 226 Sending Your Keynote Document Directly to Mail 226 Sending Your Keynote Presentation to iWork.com public beta

230 Chapter 12: Designing Your Own Master Slides and Themes 230 Designing Master Slides and Themes 231 Using Master Slide Tools 232 Previewing Master Slides 232 About Selecting Master Slides to Customize 232 Duplicating a Master Slide 233 Importing a Slide or Master Slide 233 Creating a Completely Original Master Slide 233 About Customizing Master Slide Layouts 234 Dening Text Placeholders 234 Dening Media Placeholders 235 Dening Object Placeholders 235 Creating Background Elements on Master Slides 236 Adding Alignment Guides to Master Slides 236 Dening Default Attributes of Text and Objects 236 Dening Default Attributes of Text Boxes and Shapes

8 Contents

237 Dening Default Attributes of Imported Images 237 Dening Default Attributes of Tables 238 Dening Default Attributes of Charts 239 Dening Default Transitions 239 Creating Builds on Master Slides 240 About Custom Themes 240 Saving a Custom Theme 240 Creating a Theme from Scratch 241 Restoring Original Theme Attributes

242 Index

Contents 9

Welcome to Keynote ’09

Tell your story eectively and dramatically with cinemaquality presentations that are easier than ever to create with Keynote.

To get started with Keynote, just open it and choose one of the predesigned templates. Type over placeholder text, drag to add your pictures and movies, and build amazing animations. Before you know it, you have a presentation that’s a show stopper.

Preface

This user guide provides detailed instructions to help you accomplish specic tasks in Keynote. In addition to this PDF le, other resources are available to help you:

Online video tutorials

Online tutorials at www.apple.com/iwork/tutorials/keynote provide how-to videos

about performing common tasks in Keynote. The rst time you open Keynote, a message appears with a link to these tutorials on the web. You can view Keynote video

tutorials anytime by choosing Help > Video Tutorials.

Onscreen help

Onscreen help contains detailed instructions for completing all Keynote tasks. To

open help, open Keynote and choose Help > Keynote Help. The rst page of help also

provides access to useful websites.

iWork Formulas and Functions Help

The iWork Formulas and Functions Help contains thorough instructions for writing and using formulas and functions in your presentations. Open iWork Formulas and

Functions Help from the Help menu in any iWork application. With Keynote, Numbers, or Pages open, choose Help > “iWork Formulas and Functions Help.”

iWork website

Read the latest news and information about iWork at www.apple.com/iwork.

Support website

Find detailed information about solving problems at www.apple.com/support/keynote.

Help tags

Keynote provides help tags—brief text descriptions—for most onscreen items. To see a help tag, hold the pointer over an item for a few seconds.

12 Preface Welcome to Keynote ’09

Keynote Tools and Techniques

Get familiar with the windows and tools you use to create slideshows with Keynote.

Each slideshow you create is an individual Keynote document. If you add movies, sounds, or other media to your slideshow, you can save them as a part of the document so that you can easily move the presentation from one computer to another.

About Themes and Master Slides

The rst time you open Keynote (by clicking its icon in the Dock or by double-clicking

its icon in the Finder), the Theme Chooser displays the Apple-designed themes available for you to use in your slideshow.

Each theme comprises a family of master slides with coordinated design elements that

Placeholder text

Media placeholder for images, movies, or other media files

create a look and feel based on preselected fonts, backgrounds, textures, table styles,

chart colors, and more. You begin creating a Keynote document by selecting a theme

to work in. This means that each time you add, for example, a new text box, shape, or chart, to a slide within that theme, its colors and styles are coordinated with the rest of your slideshow.

Master slides provide dierent layouts of text and images that match the look and feel

of their themes. When you want to create a slide with particular elements—such as a title and subtitle, a bulleted list, or an image—you select the master slide that most

resembles the layout you want. Master slides contain placeholders for text and images,

which you replace with your own content as you construct your slideshow.

Media placeholders contain photographs that you can replace with your own

photos, PDFs, or movies. Drag your own image or movie to the placeholder to have it automatically sized, positioned, and framed to t the slide. You can drag media to any position on the slide (not only to media placeholders), but it won’t inherit

the attributes (size, frame, and so on) of the placeholder image. To learn more, see “Replacing Theme Images with Your Own Media” on page 75.

Placeholder text appears in title and body text boxes on each new slide with the instructions “Double-click to edit.” Its appearance demonstrates what your own text

will look like after you’ve typed it into the text box. In body text boxes, the bullet that

appears will be the same that will appear next to your own text. To learn more, see “Formatting Text Size and Appearance” on page 50.

As you create a slideshow, you can add other elements, such as tables, text boxes, shapes, and other objects, to any slide.

14 Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques

Most themes come with the following master slides:

Master slide Recommended use

Title & Subtitle Title slide or section titles within your

presentation

Title & Bullets Content

Title & Bullets - 2 Column Content you want to appear side by side

Bullets General content pages that require bulleted text;

the text area lls the entire slide

Blank Graphics-rich layouts

Title - Top or Center Title page or section titles within your

presentation

Photo - Horizontal Horizontal photo with title below

Photo - Vertical Vertical photo with title and subtitle on the left

Title, Bullets & Photo Title page or section title with text and photo

Title & Bullets - Left or Right Content slides on which you can place bulleted

text on the left or right and a graphic on the other side of the slide

Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques 15

The Keynote Window

Slide canvas

Create each slide by typing text and adding objects and media.

Presenter notes field

Add notes about individual slides. You can refer to these notes during your presentation—the audience won’t see them.

Slide navigator

See a visual overview of

your slide presentation.

You can view a thumb-

nail of each slide or

a text outline.

Toolbar

Customize it to

include the tools

you use most often.

Change the size of the

slide thumbnails.

The Keynote window can be customized to help you work and organize your

slideshow. You can show or hide each of many of its elements.

Here are ways to show or hide these elements:

A m toolbar at the top of the window gives you fast access to the tools you need to create your slides.

To show or hide the toolbar, choose View > Show Toolbar or View > Hide Toolbar. See “The Toolbar” on page 21 for more detailed information about the toolbar.

The m slide navigator at the left side of the window provides a visual overview of your

slideshow. You can view a thumbnail of each slide or a text outline.

16 Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques

To show the slide navigator, choose View > Navigator or View > Outline. To hide the

slide navigator, choose View > Slide Only. See “Changing Views” on page 17 for more detailed information about the slide navigator.

You can write notes about individual slides in the m presenter notes eld. You can refer to these notes during a presentation; the audience won’t see them.

To show or hide presenter notes, choose View > Show Presenter Notes or View > Hide Presenter Notes. See “Adding Presenter Notes” on page 202 for more detailed

information about using presenter notes.

The m format bar gives you fast access to formatting tools for customizing text, tables, charts, and more. The controls that appear on the format bar depend on the item you have selected on the slide canvas.

To show or hide the format bar, choose View > Show Format Bar or View > Hide Format Bar. See “The Format Bar” on page 22 for more detailed information about the format bar.

Zooming In or Out

You can enlarge (zoom in) or reduce (zoom out) your view of the slide canvas.

Here are ways to zoom in or out:

Choose View > Zoom > m zoom level.

Choose a magnication level from the Zoom pop-up menu at the bottom left of the m

slide canvas.

If you’re using Keynote in Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later, you can also view the

application window in full-screen view, to help you work without distractions. To learn more, see “Full-Screen View” on page 20.

Changing Views

Keynote oers several ways to view, manage, and organize the slides in a Keynote document: navigator view, outline view, and light table view. You can also view only the slide canvas. If you’re using Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later, you can also work in full-

screen view.

To change from one view to the other:

Click View in the toolbar and choose an option (or choose View > Navigator, Outline, m Light Table, or Slide Only).

Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques 17

Navigator View

Click the disclosure

triangle to show or hide

groups of indented slides.

Organize slides into groups by indenting them. To indent a slide, drag it or

select it and press Tab.

See the graphics on each of your slides at a glance.

Display thumbnails in

different sizes.

Drag this handle down to display master slides.

The slide selected here is the one you are working on.

Navigator view displays thumbnail images of each slide and is useful for slideshows

that contain a lot of graphics, tables, and other objects. This view provides a good visual overview of your slides but you might not be able to read all the text in the thumbnails.

You can manipulate slides in the slide navigator to rearrange and organize your slides.

Here are ways to work with navigator view:

To show navigator view, click View in the toolbar and choose Navigator, or choose m View > Navigator.

To rearrange or indent slides, drag them. m

To show or hide groups of slides (indented slides and their “parent” slide), click the m disclosure triangles.

To enlarge or shrink the thumbnail images, click the button in the lower-left corner m and choose a size.

To duplicate one or more adjacent slides, select them and choose Edit > Duplicate. The m duplicates are inserted following the selected slides.

To copy and paste one or more adjacent slides, select them, choose Edit > Copy, select m

the slide after which you want to paste the copied slides, and choose Edit > Paste.

18 Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques

To show master slides (useful if you create your own master slides or themes), drag the m handle at the top right of the slide navigator, or click View in the toolbar and choose Show Master Slides. See “Designing Master Slides and Themes” on page 230 for details.

Outline View

Drag bullets left or right to move them to a higher or lower outline level. You can even drag bullets from one slide to another.

In outline view, you see the text in titles and bullet points. You can add or edit text directly in outline view.

Double-click a slide icon to hide its bulleted text in the slide navigator.

Outline view is most useful for visualizing the ow of text-rich presentations. It displays

the title and bullet-point text of each slide in your slideshow. All the titles and bullet points appear legibly in the slide navigator.

Outline view provides an easy way to order and reorder your bullet points as you

organize your presentation. You can add bullet points to existing text directly in the slide navigator. You can also drag bullets from one slide to another, or drag them to a

higher or lower level within the same slide.

Here are ways to work with outline view:

To show outline view, click View in the toolbar and choose Outline (or choose m View > Outline).

To change the font used in outline view, choose Keynote > Preferences, click General, m

and then choose a font and size from the Outline View Font pop-up menu.

To print the outline view, choose File > Print. In the Print dialog, choose Keynote from m the Copies & Pages pop-up menu, and then select Outline.

Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques 19

Light Table View

If your slideshow contains many slides and you want to see more thumbnails at the

same time, use light table view. You can easily reorder slides by dragging, as if the slides were spread out on a photographer’s light table.

Here are ways to work with light table view:

To show light table view, click View in the toolbar and choose Light Table (or choose m View > Light Table).

To enlarge or shrink the thumbnail images, click the button in the lower left of the m window and choose a size.

To edit a slide or return to your previous view (navigator or outline), double-click a slide. m

In light table view, you can add, delete, duplicate, skip, and reorder slides just as you can in navigator and outline views.

Full-Screen View

If you’re using Keynote in Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later, you can view the application

window in full-screen view, to help you work without distractions. In full-screen view,

the Keynote window enlarges to ll the space of your entire screen, moving into a

separate space so that you can easily move between Keynote and your desktop.

To view Keynote in full screen:

Choose View > Enter Full Screen or click the Full Screen button in the top-right corner m of the Keynote window (looks like two outward-facing arrows).

To exit full-screen view, do any of the following:

Choose View > Exit Full Screen. m

Move the pointer to the top of the screen to show the menu bar, and then click the m

Full Screen button in the top-right corner of the screen.

Press Escape on your keyboard. m

20 Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques

Jumping to a Particular Slide

Add slides.

Play slideshow.

Choose a new

view, theme, or

master slide.

Share your document with

reviewers on iWork.com.

Add a free text

box , sha pe,

table, or chart.

Mask or remove unwanted parts of a photo. Arrange objects in front of or behind each other on the slide.

Add a review comment to a slide.

View and edit in

full screen.

Open the Inspector window,

Media Browser, Colors window,

and Fonts window.

As you work on your document, you can easily jump to any slide.

Here are ways to jump to a particular slide:

In navigator or outline view, click a thumbnail in the slide navigator to jump to any slide. m

Choose Slide > Go To and choose one of the options (Next Slide, Previous Slide, First m Slide, or Last Slide).

The Toolbar

The Keynote toolbar provides one-click access to many of the actions you’ll perform as you work in Keynote. You can add, remove, and rearrange toolbar buttons to suit your

working style.

The default set of toolbar buttons is shown below. The Full Screen button in the upper-

right corner doesn’t appear unless you are running Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later.

To customize the toolbar:

1 Choose View > Customize Toolbar, or Control-click the toolbar and choose

Customize Toolbar.

2 Make changes to the toolbar as desired.

To add an item to the toolbar, drag its icon to the toolbar at the top.

To remove an item from the toolbar, drag it out of the toolbar.

To restore the default set of toolbar buttons, drag the default set to the toolbar.

To make the toolbar icons larger, deselect Use Small Size.

To display only icons or only text, choose an option from the Show pop-up menu.

To rearrange items in the toolbar, drag them.

3 When you’ve nished, click Done.

Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques 21

Here are some shortcuts for customizing the toolbar without choosing

Change the font,

font style, font size,

and color.

Choose the line spacing and the number of columns.

Add background color to text boxes and shapes.

Align selected text. Format text box

and shape borders.

Adjust opacity and shadow of text boxes.

Format text in table cells.

Arrange text in table cells.

Manage headers and footers.

Format cell borders.

Set the number of rows and columns.

Add background color to a cell.

View > Customize Toolbar:

To remove an item, press the Command key while you drag the item out of the Â toolbar, or press the Control key as you click the item and then choose Remove Item from the shortcut menu.

To move an item, press the Command key while you drag the item. Â

To see a description of what a toolbar button does, hold the pointer over it.

The Format Bar

Use the format bar to quickly change the appearance of text, tables, charts, and other elements in your slideshow. The controls in the format bar depend on which object is selected. To see a description of what a format bar button or control does, rest the pointer over it until a help tag appears.

To show and hide the Format Bar:

Choose View > Show Format Bar or View > Hide Format Bar. m

Here’s what the format bar looks like when a shape is selected.

Here’s what the format bar looks like when a table is selected.

22 Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques

The Inspector Window

Click one of these buttons to display a different inspector.

Most elements of your slideshow can be formatted using the Keynote inspectors. Each inspector focuses on a dierent aspect of formatting. For example, the Document

inspector contains settings for the entire slideshow.

Opening multiple Inspector windows can make it easier to work on your document.

For example, if you open both the Graphic inspector and the Text inspector, you’ll have

access to all the text- and image-formatting options.

Here are ways to open Inspector windows:

m To open a single Inspector window, when none is open, click the Inspector button in

the toolbar.

m To open more than one Inspector window, choose View > New Inspector.

After the Inspector window is open, click one of the buttons at the top to display a

dierent inspector. Clicking the second button from the left, for example, displays the

Slide inspector.

Rest your pointer over buttons and other controls in the inspectors to see a description of what they do.

Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques 23

The Media Browser

Click a button to view the files in your iTunes library, your iPhoto library, your Aperture library, or your Movies folder.

Drag a file to your document.

Search for a file.

The Media Browser provides access to all the media les in your iPhoto library, your iTunes library, your Aperture library, and your Movies folder. You can drag an item from the Media Browser to a slide or to an image well in an inspector.

If you don’t use iPhoto or Aperture to store your photos, or iTunes for your music, or if you don’t keep your movies in the Movies folder, you can add other folders to the Media Browser so that you can access their multimedia contents in the same way.

To open the Media Browser:

Click Media in the toolbar, or choose View > Show Media Browser. m

To add another folder to the Media Browser, do any of the following:

To add a folder containing audio les, click Audio in the Media Browser, and then drag m the folder you want from the Finder to the Media Browser.

To add a folder containing photos, click Photos in the Media Browser, and then drag m the folder you want from the Finder to the Media Browser.

To add a folder containing movies, click Movies in the Media Browser, and then drag m the folder you want from the Finder to the Media Browser.

24 Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques

The Colors Window

The color selected in the color wheel appears in this box. (The two colors in this box indicate the opacity is set to less than 100%.)

Use the slider to set lighter or darker hues in the color wheel.

Click to select a color in

the color wheel.

Drag colors from the color box to store them in the color palette.

Click the search icon, and then click any item on the screen to match

its color.

Click a button to view

different color models.

Drag the Opacity slider

to the left to make the

color more transparent.

You use the Colors window to select color for objects.

You can use the color wheel in the Colors window to select colors. The color you select appears in the box at the top of the Colors window. You can save that color for future

use by placing it in the color palette.

To apply the colors you select in the Colors window to an object on the slide, you must

place the color in the appropriate color well in an inspector pane. You can select a

color well in one of the inspectors and then click a color in the color wheel. Or you can drag a color from the color palette or color box to a color well in one of the inspectors.

1 Open the Color window by clicking Colors in the toolbar or clicking a color well in one

2 Click anywhere in the color wheel.

3 To make the color lighter or darker, drag the slider on the right side of the

4 To make the color more transparent, drag the Opacity slider to the left or enter a

5 To use the color palette, open it by dragging the handle at the bottom of the

Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques 25

To select a color:

of the inspectors.

The selected color is displayed in the color box at the top of the Colors window.

Colors window.

percentage value in the Opacity eld.

Colors window.

Save a color in the palette by dragging the color from the color box to the color palette. To remove a color from the palette, drag a blank square to the color you want to remove.

6 To match the color of another item on the screen, click the search icon (looks like a

Create interesting

text effects using

these buttons.

The Action menu

Choose a typeface to apply to selected text.

Find fonts by typing a font

name in the search field.

Choose a font size to apply to selected text.

Apply a shadow to selected text. Modify the shadow using the opacity, blur, offset, and angle controls.

Preview the selected

typeface (you might need to

choose Show Preview from

the Action menu).

magnifying glass) to the left of the color box in the Colors window. Click the item on the screen whose color you want to match.

The color appears in the color box. Select the item you want to color in the document window, and then drag the color from the color box to the item.

The Fonts Window

Use the Fonts window to select fonts, font sizes, and other font formatting features,

including text shadows and strikethrough. You can also use the Fonts window to organize your favorite and commonly used fonts so that they are easy to nd when

you need them.

To open the Fonts window, do either of the following:

Click Fonts in the toolbar or choose Format > Font > Show Fonts. m

Click Fonts in the toolbar. m

To change the font of selected text:

In the search eld, type the name of the font you want to use, and then select its name m

in the list.

Select the name of the typeface you want (for example, bold, italics, and so on). m

Type or select the number corresponding to the font size you want. m

To format text using the Fonts window, use any of its controls:

The Text Underline pop-up menu lets you choose an underline style (such as single m or double).

The Text Strikethrough pop-up menu lets you choose a strikethrough style (such as m single or double).

26 Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques

The Text Color pop-up menu lets you apply a color to text. m

The Document Color pop-up menu lets you apply a color behind a paragraph. m

The Text Shadow button applies a shadow to selected text. m

The Shadow Opacity, Shadow Blur, Shadow Oset, and Shadow Angle controls m

determine the appearance of the shadow.

If you don’t see the text eect buttons, choose Show Eects from the Action pop-up

menu in the lower-left corner of the Fonts window.

To organize fonts in the Fonts window:

1 Click the Add Collection (+) button to create a new collection.

2 Select some text and format it with the font family, typeface, and size that you want.

3 Drag its name from the Family list to the collection where you want to le it.

If you change fonts often, leave the Fonts window open. Resize the Fonts window using the control on the bottom-right corner of the window, so that only the font families and typefaces in your selected font collection are visible.

Keyboard Shortcuts and Shortcut Menus

You can use the keyboard to perform many of the Keynote menu commands and

tasks. To see a comprehensive list of keyboard shortcuts, open Keynote and choose Help > Keyboard Shortcuts.

Many items within the Keynote window also have shortcut menus that list commands specic to the item. Shortcut menus are especially useful for working with

tables and charts.

To open a shortcut menu:

Press the Control key while you click an object. m

Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques 27

The commands available in the shortcut depend on what item you click. This picture shows the options available in the shortcut menu when you Control-click the slide canvas.

The Warnings Window

When you import a document into Keynote, or export a Keynote document to another format, some elements might not transfer identically. The Warnings window lists any

problems encountered. You might get warnings in other situations, such as saving a

document in an earlier version of the application.

If problems are encountered, you’ll see a message enabling you to review the

warnings. If you choose not to review them, you can see the Warnings window at any time by choosing View > Show Document Warnings.

If you see a warning about a missing font, you can select the warning and click Replace Font to choose a replacement font.

You can copy warning messages and paste them into a document for reference later;

these messages could be useful for diagnosing problems.

28 Chapter 1 Keynote Tools and Techniques

Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation

Learn the basics of working smart when you open, import, edit, save, back up, and password-protect your Keynote documents.

This chapter provides tips on how to quickly save your presentation while you work and how to protect your documents with a password.

Keynote works seamlessly to open PowerPoint and AppleWorks presentations, making it easy to continue work on presentations you’ve already created in other applications,

or to collaborate with others who are using other applications.

To learn about saving a Keynote document in PowerPoint or another format, see the

topics below “About Exporting a Slideshow to Other Formats” on page 2 17.

About Creating or Opening a Document

Each slideshow you create is an individual Keynote document. There are several ways

to begin working in a Keynote document:

Create a new Keynote document. Â

Import a document that was created in PowerPoint or AppleWorks. Â

Open an existing Keynote document. Â

Creating a New Keynote Presentation

To create a new Keynote presentation:

1 If Keynote isn’t open, open it by clicking its icon in the Dock or double-clicking its icon

in the Finder.

If Keynote is already open, choose File > “New from Theme Chooser” or press ShiftCommand-N.

2 In the Theme Chooser, select a theme.

To see a preview of what other slide layouts might look like in any particular theme,

move the pointer slowly over that theme’s thumbnail image. Sample slides featuring

charts, tables, and text scroll through the thumbnail image as you move the pointer, to give you a better idea and help you select a theme.

Even after you’ve selected a theme and started to work, you can change your slideshow’s theme at any time, and you can use more than one theme in a document (see “Changing a Slide’s Theme” on page 44).

3 If you know the optimal size that you’ll be using during your slideshow presentation,

it’s a good idea to choose it from the Slide Size pop-up menu before you begin

creating your slideshow.

For details about selecting the best size for your slides, see “Setting the Slide Size” on page 203. If you’re not sure, it’s OK to accept the default size for now and reset the slide size later, if necessary; Keynote adjusts the size of all the slide content if you reset the slide size after creating your slides.

4 Click Choose or double-click the thumbnail image of the theme you want.

Tip: ∏ You can set up Keynote to use the same theme whenever you create a new

document. Choose Keynote > Preferences, click General, select “Use theme,” and then

select a theme. To change the theme, click Choose.

Importing a Slideshow

If you already have a slide presentation that was created in Microsoft PowerPoint or

AppleWorks, you can import it into Keynote and continue to work on it.

As much as possible, Keynote preserves the original document’s text, colors, layout,

and other formatting options.

Here are ways to import a PowerPoint or an AppleWorks document:

In Keynote, choose File > Open. In the Open dialog, nd the document you want to m

import and click Open.

In the Finder, drag the PowerPoint or AppleWorks document icon to the Keynote m

application icon.

Opening an Existing Keynote Document

There are several ways to open a document that was created using any version of Keynote.

Here are ways to open a Keynote document:

To open a Keynote document from the Finder, double-click the document icon or drag m it to the Keynote application icon.

To open a document when you’re working in Keynote, choose File > Open, select the m

document, and then click Open.

30 Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation

In the Theme Chooser, click “Open an Existing File” and locate the document you want m in the Open window and click Open.

To open one of the last several documents that you’ve worked on, choose File > Open m

Recent and choose the document from the submenu, or click Open Recent in the

Theme Chooser, and then select the name of the le you want.

If the document has password protection, double-click the document icon, and then m

type the password in the eld and click OK.

If you see a message that a font or le is missing, you can still use the document. Keynote replaces missing fonts with a font that’s available on your computer. To restore

the missing fonts to the document, quit Keynote and then add the fonts to your Fonts

folder (for more information, see Mac Help). To make missing movies or sound les

appear, add them back to the document as you did originally. To avoid this problem,

you can save media les as part of the document when saving; see the details in “Saving a Presentation” on page 31.

Note: If you open a document that was created in iWork ’08, and you want to preserve it for use with the older version, save it in the same format. See “Saving a Presentation in iWork ’08 Format” on page 217.

About Saving Presentations

Graphics and chart data are saved within a Keynote presentations, so they display correctly if the presentation is opened on another computer. Fonts, however, are not included as part of the presentation. If you transfer a Keynote presentation to another computer, make sure the fonts used in the presentation have been installed in the Fonts folder of that computer.

By default, audio and movie les are saved with Keynote presentations, but you can change this setting. If you don’t save media les with the presentation, you need to

transfer them separately to view them within the presentation on another computer.

If you’re running Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later, Keynote auto-saves your presentation frequently in the background, so that you don’t have to worry about losing changes made to your presentation if the application closes unexpectedly. You can also

save the presentation manually, creating an archive of older versions, which can be recovered at any time.

Saving a Presentation

It’s a good idea to save your presentation often as you work. After you save it for the rst time, you can press Command-S to save it quickly while you work, using the same

settings each time.

Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation 31

To save a presentation for the rst time:

1 Choose File > Save, or press Command-S.

2 In the Save As eld, type a name for the presentation.

3 Choose the folder where you want to save the presentation from the Where

pop-up menu.

If the location you want isn’t visible in the Where pop-up menu, click the disclosure

triangle to the right of the Save As eld, and then navigate to the location you want to

save the presentation.

If you don’t see the Where pop-up menu, navigate to the location where you want to save the presentation.

4 If you want the presentation to display a Quick Look in the Finder in Mac OS X v10.5 or

later, select “Include preview in document.”

5 If you want the presentation to be opened using Keynote ’08 or PowerPoint, select

“Save copy as” and choose the le format you want.

6 If you or someone else will open the presentation on another computer, click

Advanced Options and set up options that determine what’s copied into your

presentation.

Copy audio and movies into document: Selecting this checkbox saves audio and video

les with the presentation, so the les play if the presentation is opened on another computer. You might want to deselect this checkbox so that the le size is smaller, but media les won’t play on another computer unless you transfer them as well.

To learn about reducing overall document size when including movies or audio, see “Reducing the Size of Media Files” on page 111 . To learn about reducing document size if you’ve used reduced image sizes within the document, see “Reducing Image File Sizes” on page 77.

Copy theme images into document: If you don’t select this option and you open the presentation on a computer that doesn’t have the same theme installed (if you created your own theme, for example), the presentation might look dierent.

7 Click Save.

If the presentation was created using an earlier version of Keynote, you’re asked

whether to save the presentation in the same format.

To archive a version of a presentation in Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later:

Choose File > “Save a Version,” or press Command-S. m

Archived versions can only be created if you’re running Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later.

To learn about restoring archived presentation versions, see “Finding an Archived Version of a Presentation” on page 34.

32 Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation

You can generally save Keynote presentations only to computers and servers that use Mac OS X. Keynote is not compatible with Mac OS 9 computers or Windows servers running Services for Macintosh.

If you plan to share the presentation with others who don’t have Keynote installed

on their computers, you can export it for use in another application. To learn about

exporting your presentation in other le formats (including QuickTime, PowerPoint, and PDF), see “Sharing a Presentation Across Platforms” on page 217.

Saving a Copy of a Presentation

If you want to duplicate your open presentation, you can save it using a dierent name

or location.

To save a copy of a presentation in Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later:

1 Choose File > Duplicate.

An untitled copy of the presentation is created. Both copies remain open on your desktop for you to view or edit.

2 Close the window of the untitled copy, type the presentation's name, and then choose

a location from the pop-up menu.

3 Click Save.

To save a copy of a presentation in Mac OS X v10.6.x (Snow Leopard) or earlier:

Choose File > Save As and specify a new name or location. m

When the presentation is copied in this way, the original presentation is closed; the presentation that remains open on your desktop is the new copy you created. To work with the original version, choose File > Open Recent and choose the previous version from the submenu.

You can also automate creating a backup of the presentation every time you

save, retaining the name and location of the original, but with the words “Backup

of” preceding the lename. See “Automatically Saving a Backup Version of a Presentation” on page 33.

Automatically Saving a Backup Version of a Presentation

Each time you save a presentation, you can automatically retain a copy of the last saved version. That way, if you change your mind about edits you made, you can go back to (revert to) the backup version of the presentation.

Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation 33

The best way to create backup versions is dierent, depending upon which version of Mac OS X you’re running. Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) and later automatically saves a snapshot of your presentation every time you save. You can access an archive of

all previous saved versions at any time. To learn about accessing and using past document versions in Lion, see “Finding an Archived Version of a Presentation” on page 34.

If you’re running Mac OS X v10.6.x (Snow Leopard) or earlier, you can set up Keynote to automatically create a copy of the last saved version of your presentation. You may also nd this useful if you’re running Lion, and you want to save a backup version of

your presentation on another hard disk on your network.

To create an archive of previously saved versions of your presentation on Lion or later:

Choose File > “Save a Version,” or press Command-S. m

To create a copy of the last saved version of your presentation:

Choose Keynote > Preferences, click General, and then select “Back up previous m

version.”

The next time you save your presentation, a backup version is created in the same

location, with “Backup of” preceding the lename. Only one version—the last saved version—is backed up. Every time you save the presentation, the old backup le is replaced with the new backup le.

Finding an Archived Version of a Presentation

If you saved archived versions of your presentation on Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later,

you can browse the archive to identify any earlier version that you want to restore or reference. After you identify the archived version that you want, you can restore it as a fully editable copy, or you can just extract from it any text, images, or document settings that you want to use again.

To browse archived versions of your presentation:

1 Open the presentation for which you want to access older versions, and hold your

pointer over the name of the presentation at the top of the Keynote application window.

A triangle appears.

2 Click the triangle and choose Browse All Versions.

34 Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation

The view changes to show snapshots of all saved versions of the presentation receding

Current version of

the presentation

Past versions of

the presentation

Click to restore the version currently

viewable on the right side of the screen.

Click to leave this view without

restoring an older version.

Drag along the timeline to see

versions saved at different times

in the past.

against a star eld. A timeline along the right side of the screen indicates when the

frontmost version on the right was saved.

3 Drag the handle along the timeline to move back through time and look at older

versions of the presentation.

4 When you nd a version that you want to inspect more closely, click its image.

The version moves to the foreground, where you can click dierent slides to view them,

select items on a slide, open the inspectors, and copy objects or inspector settings.

5 Do any of the following:

To completely restore the older version, click Restore when the version you want Â is in the foreground. The restored document appears on your regular desktop, replacing the last version you were working on prior to viewing the older versions. (That version is then saved in the timeline, if you want to retrieve it.)

To restore only an object, inspector setting, or text from the older version, copy the Â item by selecting it and pressing Command-C, and then click Current Document to

view the current version of the presentation. Locate the slide where you want to

paste the item you just copied and click to insert the cursor where you want the

item to appear on the slide. Paste the item by pressing Command-V.

Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation 35

To compare the older version side-by-side with the current version, click Current Â Document.

6 To return to your regular desktop, click Done.

Saving a Document as a Theme

You can modify a theme and then save it so that it appears in the Theme Chooser for

you to use again.

To save a document as a theme:

Choose File > Save Theme. m

See “Designing Master Slides and Themes” on page 230 for additional details about designing your own themes and masters.

Saving Search Terms for a Document

You may want to mark your Keynote document with the author’s name, keywords, or other comments to make them easier to nd on your computer. For example, on computers running Mac OS X, you can use Spotlight to search for documents

containing such information.

To store information about a document:

1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Document Inspector button.

2 Click Spotlight.

3 Type information in the elds.

To search for presentations containing stored information using Spotlight, click the search icon (looks like a magnifying glass)at the top-right corner of the screen, and then type what you want to search for.

Locking a Presentation So It Can’t Be Edited

If you’re running Mac OS X v10.7 (Lion) or later, you can lock your presentation so you can’t edit it by accident, when you only intend to open and view it. You can easily

unlock the presentation at any time to continue editing it.

To lock a presentation:

1 Open the presentation you want to lock, and hold your pointer over the name of the

presentation at the top of the Keynote application window.

A triangle appears.

2 Click the triangle and choose Lock.

To unlock a presentation for editing:

Hold your pointer over the name of the presentation at the top of the application m window until the triangle appears, click the triangle, and then choose Unlock.

36 Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation

Undoing Changes

If you don’t want to save changes you made to your document since opening it or last

saving it, you can undo them.

Here are ways to undo changes:

To undo your most recent change, choose Edit > Undo or press Command-Z. m

To undo multiple changes, choose Edit > Undo multiple times (or press Command-Z) m

multiple times. You can undo any changes you made since opening the document or

reverting to the last saved version.

To undo one or more Edit > Undo operations, choose Edit > Redo (or press Shift- m Command-Z) one or more times.

To undo all changes you made since the last time you saved your document, choose m File > “Revert to Saved” and then click Revert.

To revert to the last saved version after making changes you did not save:

Choose File > “Revert to Saved.” The changes in your open document are undone. m

Password-Protecting Your Document

If you want to limit who can open and view your Keynote document, you can protect it with a password. Anyone who receives the document from you will need to know the password in order to open it for editing or viewing, or to remove or change the

document’s password.

Another way to password-protect a document is to require a password to stop the

presentation when it’s playing. If a slideshow is password protected in this way, you

must provide the name and password for the administrator of the computer on which the slideshow is running.

To add or change a password on a Keynote document:

1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Document inspector button.

2 In the Document inspector, click Document.

3 Select the checkbox for “Require password to open.”

If you’re changing an existing password, click Change Password, and then type the

current document password.

4 Type the password you want to use in the Password eld.

Passwords can consist of almost any combination of numerals and capital or lowercase letters and several of the special keyboard characters. Passwords with combinations of

letters, numbers, and other characters are generally considered more secure.

Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation 37

If you want help to create an unusual or strong password, click the button with the

key-shaped icon next to the Password eld to open the Password Assistant and use it to help you create a password. You can select a type of password in the pop-up menu,

depending on which password characteristics are most important to you.

A password appears in the Suggestion eld; its strength ("stronger” passwords are more dicult to break) is indicated by the length and green color of the Quality bar. If you like the suggested password, copy it and paste it into the Password eld.

If you don’t like the suggested password, you can choose a dierent password from the Suggestion eld pop-up menu, increase the password length by dragging the

slider, or type your own.

5 Type the password again in the Verify eld.

6 Type a reminder for yourself in the Password Hint eld.

The password hint appears if you try to open a document three times with the wrong password.

7 Click Set Password.

8 Press Command-S to save the presentation.

To require a password for stopping a presentation:

In the Document pane of the Document inspector, select the checkbox for “Require m password to exit show,” and then press Command-S to save the presentation.

When stopping a presentation that requires a password, just type the name and

password of the computer’s administrator in the eld that appears after you try to

stop the presentation. For details about stopping a presentation, see “Stopping a

Presentation” on page 212 . If the presentation is moved to a dierent computer, you must enter the name and password of that computer’s administrator to stop the

presentation.

38 Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation

Closing a Document Without Quitting Keynote

When you’ve nished working with a document, you can close it without quitting Keynote.

Here are ways to close documents and keep the application open:

To close the active document, choose File > Close or click the close button in the m upper-left corner of the document window.

To close all open Keynote documents, choose File > Close All or press the Option key m

and click the active document’s close button.

If you’ve made changes since you last saved the document, Keynote prompts you

to save.

Chapter 2 Creating, Opening, and Saving a Keynote Presentation 39

Creating and Managing Slides

Here are some ways to work eciently in Keynote when creating new slides, keeping longer presentations organized, and collaborating.

About Adding, Deleting, and Organizing Slides

Each new slide you create uses one of the Keynote master slides (templates). Each master slide has certain elements on it, such as a title, bulleted text, and media

placeholders (containing photos). When you create a new Keynote document, the rst

slide automatically uses the Title & Subtitle master slide.

You can change a slide’s master at any time (see “About Changing a Slide’s Theme, Master, or Layout” on page 44).

After you create a new slide, you customize it by adding your own text, images, shapes, tables and charts, and more.

Adding Slides

There are several ways to append additional slides to your presentation as you work.

Generally when you add a new slide, it’s based on the theme and master of the selected slide, and the new slide is placed after the selected slide. But if you’re working in a new document, the rst slide is always a title slide, and the next slide you add is

based on the second master from the set of masters for that theme.

Whether in navigator view, outline view, or light table view, you can always rearrange

slides by dragging them around. And you can always change a slide’s theme or master after you’ve added it.

Here are ways to add a slide:

Select a slide in the slide navigator and press Return. m

Select a slide and click the New (+) button in the toolbar. m

Select a slide and choose Slide > New Slide. m

Press Option and drag a slide until you see a green circle with a plus sign (+) inside it. m

This action duplicates the dragged slide.

Select a slide and choose Edit > Duplicate (or press Command-D). m

To quickly create multiple slides from multiple media les:

Drag one or more images from the Finder or the Media Browser to the slide navigator m

or light table view.

Copying, Cutting, and Pasting Objects and Slides

You can copy or delete text or an object from one slide and place it on another slide.

To copy an object or slide:

Select the object or slide and choose Edit > Copy, or press Command-C. m

Copying an object retains it temporarily in a holding area called the Clipboard so you can paste it to a new location.

To paste an object or slide:

1 Copy or cut the object or slide, and then do one of the following:

To paste an object, click the slide on which you want to paste the object. The object will be pasted into the same location on the new slide where it was on the original slide.

To paste an entire slide, select the slide (in the slide navigator) after which you want to paste the new one.

2 Choose Edit > Paste or press Command-V.

If you’re pasting text, its formatting is retained when you paste it. If you want the text to take on the formatting of the text in the location where you’re pasting it, choose Edit > “Paste and Match Style.”

Here are ways to cut (or delete) an object:

Select it and choose Edit > Cut, or press Command-X. m

Cutting an object retains it in the Clipboard so you can paste it to a new location.

Select it and choose Edit > Delete, or press the Delete key. m

Removing an object from a slide in this way does not retain it in the Clipboard.

To paste an entire slide in a new location:

Choose Edit > Copy or Edit > Cut, select the slide after which you want the new slide m

to appear, and then choose Edit > Paste.

Objects that have been copied or cut remain on the Clipboard only until you choose

Copy or Cut again, or until you turn o your computer. The Clipboard holds the

contents of only one copy or cut operation at a time.

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Slides 41

Grouping Slides

In navigator view, you can create groups of slides by indenting them as many levels deep as you need to. Indented (subordinate) slides are called children. Indenting slides

doesn’t aect how the slideshow plays.

To see navigator view, click View in the toolbar and choose Navigator.

Here are ways to work with groups of slides in navigator view:

To indent slides, select them and press Tab or drag the slides to the right until you see m a blue triangle.

You can create more indentation levels by pressing Tab again or dragging farther to

the right. However, you can indent a slide only one level deeper than the slide above it.

To remove an indentation, select the slides and drag them to the left or press Shift-Tab. m

To show or collapse (hide) a group of slides, click the disclosure triangle to the left of m

the rst slide above the group.

If a group of slides is collapsed so that you see only the top slide in the navigator view,

deleting the top slide deletes all its children, too. If the group isn’t collapsed, deleting

the top slide moves all its children up one level.

To move a group of slides, select the rst slide in the group and drag the group to a m

new location in the slide navigator.

Deleting Slides

You can delete a single slide or a group of slides.

Here are ways to delete slides:

To delete a slide, select the slide in the slide navigator and press the Delete key. You m

can hold down the Shift key while clicking to select multiple slides to delete.

If you delete the rst slide in a group (see “Grouping Slides” on page 42) while the subordinate slides (children) are visible in the slide navigator, the children are moved up by one level.

To delete a slide and all its children, hide them (click the arrow to the left of the top m slide) and press the Delete key.

If you accidentally delete slides, you can recover them immediately by choosing Edit > Undo Delete.

Skipping Slides

You can skip a slide when your slideshow plays without deleting the slide from your document.

42 Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Slides

To skip one or more slides, do either of the following:

Select the slide or slides in the slide navigator, outline, or light table view, and then m choose Slide > Skip Slide.

Hold down the Control key as you click the slide, and then choose Skip Slide. m

To make a skipped slide visible in a slideshow, do either of the following:

Select it and then choose Slide > Don’t Skip Slide. m

Hold down the Control key as you click the slide, and then choose Don’t Skip Slide. m

If you frequently skip slides, you can add a Skip Slide button to the Toolbar. To learn how, see “The Toolbar” on page 21.

Reordering Slides

Whether you’re using navigator, outline, or light table view, you can reorder slides by

just dragging them around.

To reorder slides:

Select one or more slides and drag them to a new location. m

Adding Slide Numbers

You can add slide numbers (similar to page numbers) to individual slides, or turn

on numbering for a master slide so that each new slide based on that master automatically gets an ascending slide number.

You can also show and hide slide numbers on all your slides at once.

Here are ways to add slide numbers:

Select a slide in the slide navigator, open the Slide inspector, click Appearance, and m

then select Slide Number. The number assigned reects the location of the slide in the slide navigator (skipped slides aren’t numbered).

To add slide numbers to a master slide, click View in the toolbar and choose Show m

Master Slides. In the master slide navigator, select the master slide you want to modify. Open the Slide inspector, click Appearance, and then select Slide Number.

To show or hide numbers on all slides:

Choose Slide > “Show Slide Numbers on All Slides” to show all slide numbers, or “Hide m Slide Numbers on All Slides” to hide slide numbers.

After you’ve added slide numbers, drag the number wherever you like on the slide and

use the Font panel to format the number. To learn more, see “The Fonts Window” on page 26.

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Slides 43

About Changing a Slide’s Theme, Master, or Layout

You can change a slide’s theme, master, or layout at any time.

Â Theme: Choose a dierent theme when you want to change a slide’s overall look

and feel—for example, its background color, fonts, and “tone” (professional or fun).

Â Master: Choose a dierent master slide when you want to use a dierent

predened layout. For example, you could easily change a slide from a vertical

photo layout to a horizontal photo layout by selecting a new master with the layout you want.

You can also change the layout on a slide’s master—or add new elements to a

master, such as a logo—when you want that change to appear on all the slides that use that master.

Â Layout: Customize a slide’s layout when you want to add, delete, or modify slide

elements such as text boxes and object placeholders without modifying its master

or selecting a dierent one.

For more details about slide themes and master slides, see “About Themes and Master Slides” on page 13 .

Changing a Slide’s Theme

If you’re creating slideshows with many “chapters” or subheadings, you can use

multiple themes in a slideshow to visually separate slides into chapters or topics. Or, you may want to change the theme of your entire slideshow or only a few individual slides.

It’s easy to change the theme of one or more slides at a time, and the slide will take on

all the attributes of its new theme.

However, if you’ve made formatting changes to a slide that you want to retain, or

if you want to change the theme for all of your slides, you can choose to retain the

custom formatting. But if you’ve made formatting changes to a slide that you want to get rid of, you can reapply the theme’s default settings.

To change a slide’s theme:

Select the slide and click Themes in the toolbar, and then choose a new theme. m

To return a slide to its theme default settings:

Select the slide and choose Format > “Reapply Master to Slide.” m

To change the theme of multiple slides:

1 In the slide navigator, select the slide or slides whose theme you want to change.

If you want to change all the slides, you don’t need to select them all; you can skip this step.

2 Click Themes in the toolbar and choose Theme Chooser.

44 Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Slides

3 Select a new theme.

4 Choose an option from the Apply Theme To pop-up menu.

All Slides: Changes the theme of all the slides in your presentation.

Selected Slides: Changes the theme of only the slides you’ve selected.

5 Depending on whether or not you want to keep formatting changes you’ve made, do

one of the following:

If you don’t want to keep formatting changes, deselect “Retain changes to theme defaults.”

If you do want to keep formatting changes, make sure the checkbox remains selected.

6 Click Choose to apply the new theme.

Applying a New Master to a Slide

You can change a slide’s master at any time. For example, you might want to change a

slide featuring a photo from a horizontal to a vertical photo master.

Any style changes you’ve made to the slide (for example changing the font), are

retained when you change its master, but you can remove the style changes by reapplying the slide master.

To quickly choose another master for a slide:

Select the slide whose master you want to change, click Masters in the toolbar, and m then choose a dierent master slide.

To return a slide to its theme default settings:

Select the slide and choose Format > “Reapply Master to Slide.” m

To change a slide’s master using the Slide inspector:

1 Select the slide whose layout you want to change.

2 Choose View > Show Inspector, and then click the Slide inspector button.

3 Click Appearance.

4 To apply a dierent slide master, click the slide thumbnail image and choose a master

from the pop-up list.

Customizing an Individual Slide’s Layout

You can easily add a preformatted title box, body text box, object placeholder, or slide number to individual slides, without changing the slide’s master.

To change a slide’s layout:

1 Select the slide whose layout you want to change.

2 Choose View > Show Inspector, and then click the Slide inspector button.

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Slides 45

3 Click Appearance.

Choose a background color or image.

Choose a slide layout from among the master slides.

Drag an image here

from the Media Browser

or the Finder.

4 To add a title box or other elements to the slide, use the checkboxes below the master

slide thumbnail image.

5 To apply a background, choose a background type from the Background

pop-up menu.

Color Fill: Makes the background a single, solid color. Click the color well and choose a

color in the Colors window.

Gradient Fill: Colors the background with a color gradient. Click each color well and choose colors in the Colors window.

Image Fill: Uses your own image as a background. Click Choose and select an image.

Tinted Image Fill: Uses your own image with a semiopaque color tint over it. Click

Choose and select an image.

If you chose Image Fill or Tinted Image Fill, choose a scaling option from the pop-up menu. See “Filling an Object with an Image” on page 102 for more information.

You can also modify a slide’s master slide, or even create a new one. See “Designing Master Slides and Themes” on page 230 for more information.

Making the Same Change on Multiple Slides

The easiest way to quickly make the same change on multiple slides—for example,

resizing text, repositioning a graphic, or using a dierent background color—is to

modify the master on which the slides are based.

To customize a master slide:

1 Select a slide you want to modify.

2 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Master Slides.

46 Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Slides

3 In the slide navigator, click the master slide used for the selected slide (the master slide

Add comments to slides.

You can easily show and

hide comments.

has a checkmark next to it).

4 Make your changes to the master slide.

All slides based on that master inherit the changes you make to the master slide.

For more detailed information about modifying master slides and creating your own themes, see “Designing Master Slides and Themes” on page 230.

Commenting on Slides

As you work on your slideshow, you can add comments to slides. For example, you could use comments to remind yourself of changes you want to make to the slide. Or

you can use comments to communicate with others with whom you’re collaborating

in developing a presentation. (Comments are dierent from presenter notes; to learn about writing notes that you can use to prompt you during your presentation, see “Adding Presenter Notes” on page 202.)

Comments are always on top of the slide canvas, so they may obscure parts of your slide. Simply drag the comments out of the way, hide them, or resize them.

Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Slides 47

You can move comments anywhere on the slide canvas. If you have your own

presenter display while making a presentation, you can see your comments but your

audience can’t. However, during your presentation you won’t be able to hide, move, or

resize comments that might obscure parts of your slide in the presenter display.

Here are ways to work with comments:

To add a comment, click Comment in the toolbar or choose Insert > Comment. Type a m note, idea, or reminder, and then drag the comment wherever you want to place it on the canvas.

To hide or show comments, click View in the toolbar and choose Hide Comments or m Show Comments.

To resize a comment, drag the lower-right corner. m

To delete a comment, click the X in the upper-right corner. m

To format a comment, see instructions in “ m Creating Outlined Text” on page 52 and “Filling an Object with a Solid Color” on page 100.

To print slides with comments showing, make sure the comments are visible on the m slide canvas before you print.

48 Chapter 3 Creating and Managing Slides

Working with Text

Add free text boxes to create labels, captions, and more. Select text and modify its appearance and alignment within text boxes, shapes, and table cells. Change the look of bullets or turn bulleted lists into numbered lists.

Keynote makes your points stand out with sharp, clear text on every slide. Every

theme features beautifully styled text, but it’s always easy to customize it. Using

the Text inspector, you can change the look of bullets, or turn bulleted points into numbered steps.

Adding text to placeholder text boxes is as easy as typing into them. And you can place text anywhere on a slide by adding a free text box at the touch of a button. And all text can be restyled with your preferred colors, fonts, line-spacing, ligatures, and more.

Selecting Text

Before you format or perform other operations on text, you need to select the text— or the text box containing the text—that you want to work with. When selecting text directly, such as a single word, line, or paragraph, you can use several keyboard shortcuts to make it easier.

Here are ways to select text:

To select one or more characters, click in front of the rst character and drag across the m

characters you want to select.

To select a word, double-click the word. m

To select a paragraph, triple-click in the paragraph. m

To select all text in a document, choose Edit > Select All. m

To select blocks of text, click the start of a text block, and then click the end of another m text block while holding down the Shift key.

To select from the insertion point to the beginning of the paragraph, press the Up m Arrow key while holding down the Shift and Option keys.

To select from the insertion point to the end of the paragraph, press the Down Arrow m key while holding down the Shift and Option keys.

To extend the selection one character at a time, press the Left Arrow or Right Arrow m

key while holding down the Shift key.

To extend the selection one line at a time, press the Up Arrow or Down Arrow key m while holding down the Shift key.

To select multiple words or blocks of text that aren’t next to each other, select the m rst block of text you want, and then select additional text while holding down the

Command key.

Deleting, Copying, and Pasting Text

The Edit menu contains commands for text-editing operations.

Here are ways to edit text:

To copy (or cut) and paste text, select the text and choose Edit > Copy or Edit > Cut. m Click where you want to paste the text.

To have the copied text retain its formatting, choose Edit > Paste.

To have the copied text take on the style formatting of the text in the location where it’s pasted, choose Edit > “Paste and Match Style.”

To delete text, select the text and choose Edit > Delete or press the Delete key. m

If you accidentally delete text, choose Edit > Undo to restore it.

When you use the Copy or Cut command, the selected text is placed in a holding area called the Clipboard, where it remains only until you choose Copy or Cut again or

you turn o your computer. The Clipboard holds the contents of only one copy or cut

operation at a time.

Formatting Text Size and Appearance

Change text size, font, color, and other characteristics using the format bar, menu commands, the Text inspector, and the Fonts window.

Making Text Bold, Italic, or Underlined

The format bar, Format menu, and the Fonts window make changing the appearance of text quick and easy.

First select some text or a text box containing text you want to make bold or italic or underlined.

Here are ways to make selected text bold, italic, or underlined:

In the format bar, click the button to create the eect you want: m

Click the B button for bold text. Â

50 Chapter 4 Working with Text

Click the I button for italicized text. Â

Set color of text.

Change font typeface,

style, and size.

Make text bold, italic, or

underlined.

Click the U button for underlined text. Â

Choose Format > Font > Bold, Italic, or Underline. m

Click Fonts in the toolbar, and then select a typeface in the Fonts window to make text m bold, italic, or underlined.

Adding Shadow to Text

You can use the format bar to quickly add a shadow to text. To change the look of the

shadows, use the Fonts window.

First select some text or a text box containing text to which you want to add a shadow.

To add shadows to selected text:

Select Shadow in the format bar. m

To add shadows to selected text and change their look:

1 To add a shadow to selected text, click Fonts in the toolbar, and then click the Text

Shadow button.

2 Drag the shadow opacity slider (the rst slider on the left) to the right to make the

shadow darker.

3 Drag the shadow blur slider (the middle slider) to the right to make the shadow

more diuse.

4 Drag the shadow oset slider (the third slider) to the right to separate the shadow

from the text.

5 Rotate the Shadow Angle wheel to set the direction of the shadow.

You can also use the Graphic inspector to adjust the look of shadows on text; see

“Adding Shadows” on page 98 for more information.

Adding a Strikethrough to Text

Using the Strikethrough command is the simplest way to create a strikethrough line through selected text. If you want to further modify the look of the line, use the option available in the Fonts window.

First select some text or a text box containing text to which you want to add the strikethrough.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 51

To add a strikethrough to selected text:

Choose Format > Font > Strikethrough. m

A strikethrough appears through the selected text in the same color as the text.

To add and format a strikethrough to selected text:

1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.

2 In the Fonts window, choose the kind of strikethrough you want from the Text

Strikethrough pop-up menu:

Single: Strikes through the text with a single line.

Double: Strikes through the text with a double line.

A strikethrough appears through the selected text in the same color as the text.

3 To change the strikethrough color, choose Color from the Text Strikethrough

pop-up menu.

4 Select a color in the Colors window.

The strikethrough takes on the color you selected, but the text retains its original color.

Creating Outlined Text

You can make text appear as a stenciled outline.

To create outlined text:

1 Select the text you want to appear outlined, or click where you want to type new text.

2 Choose Format > Font > Outline.

Changing Text Size

There are several ways to change the point size of text to make the text larger or smaller. If you frequently resize text as you work, you can add Bigger and Smaller icons to the toolbar to resize text at the touch of a button.

First select the text or text box containing text that you want to resize.

To change the size of selected text size by 1-point increments:

1 Select the text you want to resize.

2 Choose Format > Font > Bigger. Or choose Format > Font > Smaller.

To add Bigger and Smaller icons to the toolbar:

1 Choose View > Customize Toolbar.

2 Drag the Bigger and Smaller icons from the set of icons to the toolbar. You can place

them wherever you want in the toolbar.

3 Click Done.

52 Chapter 4 Working with Text

Clicking the Bigger or Smaller button changes the size of selected text by 1-point increments.

To specify a precise size for selected text:

1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.

2 Select a font size or type the size you want into the Size eld of the Fonts window.

For more information, see “The Fonts Window” on page 26.

Automatically Shrinking Text

If you’re having trouble because your text doesn’t t correctly within the body or title

placeholder text boxes, you can have Keynote automatically shrink it for you so that

you don’t have to gure out what size to make it to make it t. When there’s too much

text in a box for it to be seen, a clipping indicator appears as a small plus sign (+) within a box at the bottom of the text box.

First you must select the text box that contains the text you want to shrink.

To automatically shrink text to t its selected text box, do any of the following:

Double-click the clipping indicator at the bottom of the text box. m

In the format bar, select the checkbox labeled “Auto-shrink.” m

Hold down the Control key while clicking the text box, and choose “Auto-shrink Text.” m

In the Text inspector, select the checkbox labeled Automatically Shrink Text. m

The amount that the text was shrunk to t in the box is displayed next to the

checkbox in the Text inspector.

When you auto-shrink text, its font and line spacing are adjusted as required to t within the text box; any specic line-spacing or font size settings you’ve made to the text are overwritten. But Keynote won’t shrink the text by more than 40%; if the text is still too large to t in the text box after being shrunk by 40%, clipping will occur

again and you will have to reduce the amount of text in the box, reduce its font size, or

change its font to make it t.

If you copy text from a placeholder text box that had auto-shrinking applied, and paste it into a text box without auto-shrink, the text will appear in its original size. If you paste text into a placeholder text box where auto-shrinking has already been

applied, all the text in the text box is readjusted to t within the box.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 53

Note: The size of shrunken text is not indicated in the Fonts window, nor is the

apparent spacing reected in the the line and character spacing sliders in the Text inspector. These controls continue to reect the font size, and character and line

spacing of the original text size. If you make adjustments to these settings on text

to which auto-shrinking has been applied, it aects the settings of the original text, which you’ll see only if you copy and paste the text into a new text box to which auto-

shrinking has not been applied.

You can apply auto-shrink to the placeholder text boxes on a slide master, and that

quality is inherited by any new slides based on that master. To learn about modifying slide masters, see the topics below “Designing Master Slides and Themes” on page 230.

Making Text Subscript or Superscript

You can raise or lower text from its baseline to display it as a superscript or a

subscript. Or if you prefer, you can raise or lower the text just a small amount from its baseline, incrementally.

First select the text that you want to change.

To make selected text subscript or superscript:

Choose Format > Font > Baseline > Subscript. m

Choose Format > Font > Baseline > Superscript. m

To raise or lower the selected text incrementally:

Choose Format > Font > Baseline > Raise. m

Choose Format > Font > Baseline > Lower. m

To restore selected text to the baseline:

Choose Format > Font > Baseline > Use Default. m

If you frequently use superscripts and subscripts as you type, you can add buttons to the toolbar so that you can create superscripts and subscripts at the click of a button. To learn how, see “The Toolbar” on page 21.

Changing Text Capitalization

You can quickly make blocks of text all uppercase or lowercase or format text as a title.

First you must select text or the text box that contains the text for which you want to change capitalization style.

To change text capitalization, do any of the following:

Choose Format > Font > Capitalization and choose an option from the submenu. m

To change the text to all capitals, choose All Caps.

54 Chapter 4 Working with Text

To change the text to smaller capitals with larger capitals for uppercase letters, choose Small Caps.

To change the text to a title format, which capitalizes the rst letter of each word,

choose Title.

To change text from all capitals to no automatic capitalization, choose None. The characters revert to what you actually typed: If you typed a capital letter, it is

preserved; if you typed a lowercase letter, it is restored.

Changing Fonts

When text is selected, quickly change font family, type, size, color, and background color using the controls in the format bar.

The Fonts window gives you extensive control over fonts. Use size controls and typography settings to customize the appearance of your text.

To modify the font of selected text:

1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.

2 In the Fonts window, select a font style in the Family column and then select the

typeface in the Typeface column.

If you don’t see all the font families you know are installed on your computer, select All Fonts in the Collections column or type the name of the font you’re looking for in the search eld at the bottom of the Fonts window.

A preview of the selected font appears in the preview pane at the top of the Fonts

window. If you don’t see a preview pane, choose Show Preview from the Action pop-

up menu in the lower-left corner of the Fonts window.

3 Adjust the font size using the size slider or other size controls.

4 Adjust the typography settings of the selected font by choosing Typography from the

Action pop-up menu. In the Typography window, click the disclosure triangles to see

and select the dierent typography eects that are available for the selected font.

Dierent fonts have dierent typography eects available. See “Using Advanced

Typography Features” on page 56 for more information.

Changing Text Color

You can change text color by using the format bar, the Text inspector, and the Fonts

window. Changes you make with any of these tools override color changes already made with the other tools.

First select some text or a text box that contains text you want to change the color of.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 55

Here are ways to change text color:

Ligature not used

Ligature used

Click the Text Color well in the format bar. In the color matrix that appears, select a m color by clicking it or click Show Colors to open the Colors window for additional color options.

Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, click Text, and then click the color m well. Select a color in the Colors window.

Click Fonts in the toolbar, click the Text Color button in the Fonts window (the third m button from the left), and then select a color in the Colors window.

Drag a color from the Colors window to the selected text to change the text color. The topic “The Colors Window” on page 25 provides more detailed instructions for using the Colors window.

Using Advanced Typography Features

Some fonts, such as Zapno and Hoeer, have advanced typography features, which you use to create dierent eects. If you’re using a font in a text box that has dierent typography eects available, you can change many of the eects in the Font submenu of the Format menu. For example, you may be able to adjust the following:

Â Tracking: Place characters closer together or farther apart.

Â Ligature: Use or leave out stylish ourishes between letters or at the end or

beginning of lines that combine two or more text characters into one glyph.

In the Ligature submenu, choose Use Default to use ligature settings specied in the Typography window for the font you’re using. Choose Use None to turn o

ligatures for selected text, or choose Use All to turn on additional ligatures for the selected text.

Advanced typography features are available in the Typography window.

To open the Typography window:

1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.

2 In the Fonts window, choose Typography from the Action pop-up menu (in the lower-

left corner).

56 Chapter 4 Working with Text

Typing Special Characters and Symbols

Using the Mac OS X Characters window, you can insert special characters, such as

mathematical symbols, letters with accent marks, arrows and other “dingbats,” and

more. You can also use this palette to enter Japanese, Traditional Chinese, Simplied

Chinese, and Korean characters, as well as characters from other languages.

To insert special characters or symbols:

1 Place the insertion point where you want the special character or symbol to appear.

2 Choose Edit > Special Characters to open the Characters window (or choose

Characters from the Action pop-up menu in the lower-left corner of the Fonts window).

3 Choose the type of characters you want to see from the View pop-up menu at the

top of the Characters window. If you don't see the View menu, click the button in the upper-right corner of the window to show the top portion of the window. Click this button again to hide the top portion of the window.

4 Click an item in the list on the left to see the characters that are available in

each category.

5 Double-click the character or symbol on the right that you want to insert into your

document, or select the character and click Insert.

If the character or symbol has variations, they appear at the bottom of the window when you click the Character Info triangle or Font Variation triangle at the bottom of the palette. Double-click one to insert it in your document.

If the character doesn't appear in your document, Keynote may not support that character.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 57

Using Smart Quotes

Smart Quotes

Straight Quotes

Smart quotes are opening and closing quotation marks that are curly; the opening

quotation marks are dierent from the closing marks. When you don’t use smart quotes, the marks are straight and the opening and closing marks don’t dier.

To use smart quotes:

Choose Keynote > Preferences, click Auto-Correction, and then select “Use smart m

quotes.”

Adding Accent Marks

You can use the Keyboard Viewer to add accent marks to characters. The Keyboard

Viewer shows the characters for the keyboard layout or input method selected in the Input menu. For example, if U.S. is chosen in the Input menu, you see the characters that appear on a U.S. keyboard in the Keyboard Viewer.

To add accent marks:

1 Choose Show Keyboard Viewer from the Input menu on the right side of the menu bar.

The Input menu appears on the right side of your menu bar and looks like a ag or character. If you don't see the Input menu, go to “Viewing Keyboard Layouts for Other Languages” for instructions on viewing the Input menu.

2 Press Shift, Option, or Option-Shift to highlight the available accent marks in the

Keyboard Viewer.

The accent mark keys are highlighted. Depending on your keyboard, you may not

need to press any of the modier keys to see the accent keys.

3 Place the insertion point in your document where you want to type.

4 Press the modier key you pressed in step 2 (Shift, Option, Option-Shift, or none) and

then press the key on your keyboard that is in the same place as the accent you see in the Keyboard Viewer.

5 Release the modier key, and then press the key for the character you want to accent.

For example, on a U.S. keyboard, to make é appear, press Option and E (the accent key), and then press E (the letter on which you want that accent to appear).

Viewing Keyboard Layouts for Other Languages

The Keyboard Viewer shows the characters for the keyboard layout or input method that is selected in the Input menu. For example, if U.S. is chosen in the Input menu, you see the characters that appear on a U.S. keyboard in the Keyboard Viewer.

58 Chapter 4 Working with Text

You can use the Keyboard Viewer to see where characters are located on keyboards

used for other languages if you have those fonts installed.

To access the Keyboard Viewer, the Input menu must be visible in the menu bar.

To show the Input menu:

1 Choose Apple > System Preferences and do one of the following:

For Mac OS X 10.6 or later, click Language & Text, then click Input Sources, and then Â

select the checkbox next to Keyboard & Character Viewer.

For Mac OS X 10.5.7 and earlier, click International, then click Input Menu, and then Â

select the checkbox next to Keyboard Viewer.

The Input menu appears on the right side of your menu bar and looks like a ag or

character.

2 Select the checkbox next to a country's keyboard layout or input method to see the

character layout on keyboards used in that country.

3 Select the checkbox next to “Show input menu in menu bar.”

To see the keyboard layout for another language:

1 Choose a language or input method from the Input menu that appears on the right

side of the menu bar.

2 Choose Show Keyboard Viewer from the Input menu.

3 Press keys on your keyboard to see their location on the Keyboard Viewer. Press

Option, Shift, and Command-Option to see accents and special characters.

4 To place a character at the insertion point of your document, click the key for that

character on the Keyboard Viewer.

Inserting a Nonbreaking Space

You can insert a nonbreaking space between words to make sure that the words

always appear in the same line of text.

To insert a nonbreaking space:

Press the Space bar while holding down the Option key. m

Adjusting Font Smoothing

If the fonts on your screen look fuzzy, blurry, or jagged, you may want to adjust the

font smoothing style or change the text size at which Mac OS X starts to smooth fonts. Fonts may also be distorted when exporting to a PDF le. You can adjust font smoothing settings to smooth the fonts exported to PDF les.

To smooth the fonts on your screen:

1 Open System Preferences and click Appearance.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 59

2 To turn on font smoothing in Mac OS X v10.6 (Snow Leopard) or later, select “Use LCD

font smoothing when available.”

To specify a font smoothing style in Mac OS X v10.5.7 (Leopard) or earlier, choose a

font smoothing style from the “Font smoothing style” pop-up menu.

Depending on the type of display you have, you may notice only small or no

dierences between smoothing styles.

3 If you plan to use small font sizes in your document, choose a point size from the “Turn

o text smoothing for font sizes” pop-up menu.

When text smoothing (“antialiasing”) is on, smaller fonts can be harder to read so you

may want to turn it o for smaller font sizes.

To learn more about font smoothing in Mac OS X, click the Help button in the lower-

right corner of the Appearance preferences window.

Formatting Text Bullets and Numbering

In many placeholder text boxes, Keynote provides preformatted bullet styles that

match the theme you’re using, but you can change them.

You can also change bullets to numbers and vice versa. Or remove preformatted

bullets from text. By default, free text boxes have no bullets or numbering, but you can

add bullets or numbering to any text. You add, remove, and change the type of bullets

or numbering in the Text inspector.

First you must select some paragraphs or a text box containing the paragraphs for which you want to add or change bullets and numbering.

To add, remove, or change the bullet or numbering style of selected paragraphs:

1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Bullets.

2 Choose a bullet or numbering option from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu,

and then make any necessary adjustments:

No Bullets: Removes all bullets and formats the paragraphs as plain text.

Text Bullets: Lets you use any typed character as a bullet. Select a character from the

list in the pop-up menu or type a new character in the eld. To change the bullet’s

color, click the color well and drag a color from the Colors window back to the color well. To change the bullet size relative to the text, specify a percentage of its original

size in the Size eld, or select the “Scale with text” checkbox and specify a percentage

of the text size; this option maintains the image-to-text size ratio of the bullets even if you later change the font size of the text.

60 Chapter 4 Working with Text

Image Bullets: Uses an image (for example, a pushpin or a euron) as a bullet. Select

one from the list. To change the bullet size relative to the text, specify a percentage

of its original size in the Size eld, or select the “Scale with text” checkbox and specify

a percentage of the text size; this option maintains the image-to-text size ratio of the bullets even if you later change the font size of the text.

Custom Image: Lets you use your own image as a bullet. Locate the image you want

in the Open window, and then click Open. To change the bullet size relative to the text,

specify a percentage of its original size in the Size eld, or select the “Scale with text”

checkbox and specify a percentage of the text size; this option maintains the imageto-text size ratio of the bullets even if you later change the font size of the text.

Numbers: Creates a numbered list. Choose a numbering style (for example, Roman or Arabic numerals) from the pop-up menu. To continue a previous list, select “Continue

from Previous.” Otherwise select “Start at” and type a number in the eld.

Tiered Numbers: Creates a hierarchical numbered list. Choose a numbering style (for example, Roman or Arabic numerals) from the pop-up menu. To continue a previous

list, select “Continue from Previous.” Otherwise select “Start at” and type a number in the eld.

3 If you want subordinate points in your list to have a dierent numbering (or bullet)

style—this is usually the case with tiered (hierarchical) lists—click the Indent Level

button to the next level and then select a new numbering style (or bullet style). Repeat this for each indentation level you want to set for your list hierarchy.

4 To adjust the space between bullets or numbers and the left margin, specify a value in

the Bullet Indent or Number Indent eld.

5 To adjust the space between bullets or numbers and their text, specify a value in the

Text Indent eld.

6 To position bullets or numbers higher or lower relative to their text, use the Align eld.

About Free Text Boxes and Text in Shapes

If you want to add text outside the placeholder text areas on a slide, you can add a text box to a slide. Text boxes have no bullets (but you can add them) and are perfect for adding captions to images, adding labels to organization charts or other visual aids, or simply adding any text that you want to separate from the headings or main body bullet points on your slides. If you want to place text within a nonrectangular shape, or

if you want to have more control over the color, edges, and style of the text’s container,

put text inside a shape.

Adding a Free Text Box

Place a free text box on any slide. Placing it on a slide master is a quick way to add

it to every slide based on that master; for example, if you want to place copyright information at the bottom of every slide.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 61

To add a free text box:

1 Click Text Box in the toolbar and then just begin typing.

A text box appears on the slide and expands to accommodate your text, inserting line breaks whenever it reaches the end of the slide.

If you click outside the text box before you begin typing, double-click within the text box to replace the insertion point within it, and then begin typing.

2 When you’ve nished typing, click outside the text box (or press Command-Return to

stop editing and select the text box).

3 Drag the selection handles to resize the text box.

You can only adjust the width of the text box; its length automatically extends or shortens to accommodate the text within it. After you’ve adjusted the width of the text box the width remains xed and only the length changes with the addition or

deletion of text, unless you readjust the width using the selection handles.

4 Drag the text box to position it where you want it on the slide canvas.

5 To lock the text box to the slide canvas so it doesn’t accidentally get moved as you

work, select the text box and choose Arrange > Lock.

To learn about changing the look of the text inside the box, see “Formatting Text Size and Appearance” on page 50.

To learn about changing the spacing between the text and the inside of the text box, see “Adjusting Spacing Within Text Box Borders” on page 65.

To learn about formatting the borders and background color of the text box, see “Filling Objects with Colors or Images” on page 100 and “Changing the Style of Borders” on page 96.

If you want to add a title or body text placeholder to your slide, see “Customizing an Individual Slide’s Layout” on page 45.

Putting Text Inside a Shape

All shapes, except lines, can contain text.

To add text to a shape:

1 Place a shape where you want it on the slide canvas.

To learn about adding shapes, see “About Creating Shapes” on page 81.

2 Double-click the shape and type the text you want.

62 Chapter 4 Working with Text

If the text extends beyond the border of the shape, a clipping indicator appears.

The clipping indicator shows that text extends beyond the borders of a shape.

3 To resize the shape, select it and drag the selection handles. (If the insertion point is

inside the shape, press Command-Return to get out of text editing mode and select the shape.)

4 To rotate the shape, hold down the Command key while holding the pointer over

a corner of the shape. When the pointer appears as a curved arrow, drag to rotate the shape.

To keep its text horizontal after rotating the shape, choose Format > Shape > “Reset Text and Object Handles.”

5 To add text to a shape that's part of a group, double-click in the text area of the shape

you want to edit.

If you resize the group, everything resizes except the text, but you can still select text and change its font size. See “Grouping and Ungrouping Objects” on page 93 for details about grouping objects.

To learn about changing the look of the text inside the shape, see the topics below “Formatting Text Size and Appearance” on page 50.

To learn about changing the spacing between the text and the inside of the shape, see “Adjusting Spacing Within Text Box Borders” on page 65.

To learn about formatting the borders and background color of the shape, see “Changing the Style of Borders” on page 96 and “Filling Objects with Colors or Images” on page 100.

Setting Text Alignment and Spacing

Make quick and simple horizontal alignment adjustments (such as centering text or

aligning it on the left) by using the Format menu.

When text in a text box, comment, or shape is selected, the fastest way to set the horizontal alignment of text and set line spacing is to use the format bar.

For vertical alignment and ner horizontal alignment control, use the Text inspector.

To set tab stops, use the horizontal rulers (choose View > Show Rulers).

Chapter 4 Working with Text 63

Aligning Text Horizontally

You can change the alignment of paragraphs in a text box, table cell, shape, or column

so that text is aligned to the left or right border, centered, or aligned on both left and

right (justied).

First you must select the text or text box containing text you want to align.

To justify text or align it left, center, or right, do any of the following:

Click the Alignment buttons in the format bar. m

Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Text. Click one of the m

ve horizontal alignment buttons, located to the right of the color well.

Choose Format > Text > Align Left, Center, Align Right, Justify, or Auto Align Table Cell m

From left to right, the buttons in the format bar and Text inspector have the

following eects:

Align Left: Places each line of text against the left margin of the object.

Center: Sets the center of each line of text at the center of the object.

Align Right: Sets each line of text against the right margin of the object.

Justify: Spaces characters in each line so that the lines reach both the left and right

margins of the object.

Auto Align Table Cell: Left-justies text and right-justies numbers in a table cell. (This option is available only if you’ve selected a table or table cell.)

The rst four alignment buttons are available on the format bar when text is selected. The fth horizontal alignment button is also available on the format bar when a table

cell is selected.

If you want to indent the rst line of text in a paragraph or learn how to remove

paragraph indenting, see “Aligning Text with Tab Stops and Paragraph Indentation” on page 67.

Aligning Text Vertically

You can change the vertical alignment of paragraphs in a table cell, text box, or shape so that text is aligned to the top or bottom border or centered between top and bottom.

To align text to the top, center, or bottom of a text box, table cell, or shape:

1 Select the text box, table cell, or shape whose alignment you want to change.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Text.

64 Chapter 4 Working with Text

3 Click one of the three vertical alignment buttons to align text to the top, middle, or

Specify how much space you want around text inside a text box, shape, or table cell.

Click to change the amount of space between lines of text.

bottom of the table cell, text box, or shape.

The vertical alignment buttons are also available on the format bar when you're working with a table cell.

Adjusting Spacing Within Text Box Borders

The space between the borders of a text box or shape and the text within it is called the inset margin. You can adjust this spacing using a slider in the Text inspector.

To adjust the inset margin:

1 Select a text box or shape containing text.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Text inspector button.

3 In the Text inspector, click Text.

4 Drag the inset slider at the bottom of the Text inspector to achieve the look you want,

or specify a value in the adjacent eld.

Setting the Spacing Between Lines of Text

You can increase or decrease the distance between lines of text using the Line Spacing

control in the format bar that appears when text or a text box is selected.

For even more ne control of line spacing, use the controls available in the Text inspector.

To quickly adjust line spacing:

Select the text you want to change and then choose a value from the line spacing m pop-up menu.

Selecting Show More opens the Text inspector.

To make ner line spacing adjustments:

1 Select the text you want to change.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Text.

3 Move the Line slider left to decrease spacing or right to increase it.

To specify a precise line spacing value, type a point value in the Line eld, or click the up or down arrow next to the eld.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 65

4 Choose a line spacing option from the Line spacing pop-up menu that appears when

Line spacing pop-up menu: Click the text below the Line field and choose a line spacing option.

Line field: Type a value (or click the arrows) to specify the space between lines of text in a paragraph.

you click the text below the line eld.

Standard line spacing (Single, Double, Multiple): The space between lines is proportional to font size. Use this when the relative distance between ascenders (parts of letters that extend to the top of the line) and descenders (parts of letters that

extend below the line) should remain xed. Single sets line spacing to single-spaced, and Double sets it to double-spaced. Use Multiple to set line spacing values between

single and double, or greater than double.

At Least: The distance from one line to the next will never be less than the value you set, but it may be larger for larger fonts to prevent overlapping text lines. Use this

when the distance between lines should remain xed, but overlap is not desired if the

text gets large.

Exactly: The distance between the baselines.

Between: The value you set increases the space between the lines, instead of

increasing the height of the lines. By contrast, double-spacing doubles the height of each line.

Setting the Spacing Before or After a Paragraph

You can increase or decrease the spacing before or after paragraphs.

To adjust the amount of space before or after a paragraph:

1 Select the paragraphs or text box you want to change.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Text.

3 Drag the Before Paragraph or After Paragraph sliders to achieve the look you want, or

specify a precise value (for example, 5 pt) in the adjacent elds.

If you set the the After Paragraph spacing to a dierent value than the Before Paragraph spacing of the subsequent paragraph, the higher value will be used. For example, if the rst paragraph has an After Paragraph value of 12 points and the following paragraph has a Before Paragraph value of 14 points, the spacing between

paragraphs will be 14 points.

66 Chapter 4 Working with Text

Spacing before a paragraph does not appear if the paragraph is in a text box, shape, or

Blue tab symbols appear on the horizontal ruler when you select tabbed text.

Decimal tab

Right tab

Center tab

Left tab

First-line indentation

Left indentation

Right indentation

table cell.

To set spacing around text in boxes, shapes, and table cells, use the Inset Margin

control, described in “Adjusting Spacing Within Text Box Borders” on page 65.

Adjusting the Spacing Between Characters

You can increase or decrease the amount of space between characters.

First select the text or a text box containing text you want to change.

To adjust the amount of space between selected characters, do either of the following:

Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Text. Drag the m

Character slider or specify a percentage in the Character eld to achieve the spacing

you want.

Choose Format > Font > Tracking and choose an option from the submenu to m

tighten or loosen the text spacing by increments. Repeat until you’ve achieved the

look you want.

Aligning Text with Tab Stops and Paragraph Indentation

When you press the Tab key (or Option-Tab if you're working in a table cell), the insertion point (and any text to the right of it) moves to the next tab stop, and any

new text you type begins at that point. By default, tab stops occur every ve spaces,

but you can set your own tab stops using the tab stop symbols in the horizontal ruler.

Use the ruler also to set text margins, indentation for the rst line in a paragraph, and

bullet indentation as well.

To see the tab stop and indentation symbols in the horizontal ruler, make sure the

ruler is showing and you have some text selected on the slide. You can set up the ruler

to display the units you want in Ruler preferences.

The symbols are very small blue shapes in the horizontal ruler. There are several types,

each indicating a dierent alignment:

Right-facing triangle: Aligns the left side of text with the tab stop.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 67

Left-facing triangle: Aligns the right side of text with the tab stop.

Choose from among these tab types.

Diamond: Places the center of text at the tab stop.

Circle: For numbers, aligns the decimal character (such as a period or comma) with

the tab stop.

Down-facing triangle: Sets left and right text indentation for the currently selected paragraph.

Narrow rectangle: Sets the rst-line indentation (hanging indentation) for the

currently selected paragraph.

Tiny square: Sets the bullet (or number) indentation for the currently selected paragraph.

To set up the horizontal ruler:

1 Choose View > Show Rulers to make the horizontal ruler appear.

Place the insertion point in any text to see the small blue tab stop symbols for the

current paragraph.

2 To change the units of measure in the rulers, choose Keynote > Preferences, click

Rulers, and choose an item from the Ruler Units pop-up menu:

To display measurements as a percentage of the distance across the page, choose Keynote

> Preferences, click Rulers, and then select “Display ruler units as percentage.”

To place the ruler's horizontal origin point at the center of the page, choose Keynote >

Preferences, click Rulers, and then select “Place origin at center of ruler.”

When you change ruler settings in Keynote preferences, the new settings apply to all documents viewed in Keynote until you change the settings again.

Here are ways to work with tab stops:

To move a tab stop, drag its symbol along the ruler. m

To add a new tab stop, click the ruler in the position where you want the new tab stop m to be.

To change the tab to a dierent alignment type, double-click its symbol repeatedly m

until the type you want appears, or hold down the Control key as you click the tab symbol, and select an option from the shortcut menu.

To remove a tab stop, drag its symbol o the ruler. m

68 Chapter 4 Working with Text

Here are ways to set paragraph indentations:

First-line indentation

Left indentation

Right indentation

To set the indentation of the paragraph’s rst line, drag the narrow rectangular symbol m

along the ruler.

To change the right paragraph indentation, drag the right indentation symbol m (downward blue triangle on the right side of the horizontal ruler) to the position where you want the right edge of the paragraph to end.

To change the left indentation, drag the left indentation symbol (downward blue m triangle on the left side of the ruler) to where you want the left edge of the paragraph to begin.

To set the bullet (or numbering) indentation:

Drag the small blue square along the ruler. m

Presenting Text in Columns

You can arrange text in columns within a text box or rectangular shape. When text has lled one column, it ows into the next column.

Use the Columns pop-up menu in the format bar to quickly divide text into columns.

To set columns of diering or precise widths, or to create more than four columns, use

the Text inspector.

First select the text box or shape you want to format with columns of text.

To quickly divide text into equal columns:

Click the Columns button in the format bar, and then select the number of columns m you want, up to four.

To create and format columns using the Text inspector:

1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text button, and then click Columns.

2 Specify the number of columns you want in the Columns eld.

3 To create columns of diering widths, deselect “Equal column width,” double-click a

Column value in the table, and type a new width.

Chapter 4 Working with Text 69

To create equal-width columns, select “Equal column width.”

4 To change the spacing between columns, double-click a Gutter value and type a

new value.

Checking Your Slides for Textual Errors

Keynote provides several tools for checking your spelling and xing mistakes.

Checking for Misspelled Words

Keynote has a spell-checking utility that you can set to ag spelling errors as you type.

Or, if you prefer, you can check your entire document at once or check selected text at any time.

When the spell-checker catches them, misspelled words appear with a red dashed line below them.

Here are ways to nd misspelled words:

To check spelling as you type, choose Edit > Spelling > “Check Spelling as You Type.” m

To turn o spell checking as you type, click Edit > Spelling > “Check Spelling as You

Type” to deselect it (make sure the checkmark is not visible next to the command).

To check spelling from the insertion point to the end of the slideshow, click to place m the insertion point and choose Edit > Spelling > Check Spelling. To limit spell checking

to a specic part of the document, select the text you want to check before choosing

the command.

The rst misspelled word found is highlighted. You can correct it or choose the same

command again to continue checking the document.

To go through the text more quickly, press Command-semicolon (;) to continue checking the document.

To check spelling m and view suggestions for misspelled words, choose Edit > Spelling > Spelling.

The Spelling window opens. To automatically accept the spelling suggestions, choose

Keynote > Preferences, click Auto-Correction, and then select “Automatically use spell

checker suggestions”.

For further details about working with the Spelling window, see “Working with Spelling Suggestions” on page 70.

Working with Spelling Suggestions

Use the Spelling window to nd alternative spellings of words in your slideshow text.

To work with spelling suggestions:

1 Choose Edit > Spelling > Spelling.

70 Chapter 4 Working with Text

The Spelling window opens and the rst misspelled word is highlighted.

Each language has a dierent spelling dictionary. To make sure that the correct

language is selected, select the text you want to work with, click Inspector in the

toolbar, click the Text button, and then click More. Select a language from the Language pop-up menu.

2 To replace the incorrect spelling in the text, double-click the correct word or spelling in

the list of suggested corrections.

3 If the correct word doesn't appear in the list of suggested corrections but you know

the correct spelling, select the misspelled word in the Spelling window, type the correct word, and click Change (or Correct).

4 If the current spelling is correct and you want to leave it as it is, click Ignore or Learn.

Use Learn if the term is one you use often and you want to add the term to the

spelling dictionary.

If you used Learn and want to undo the eect of the Learn operation, do one of the following:

If you’re using Mac OS X version 10.4, type the word into the text eld below the Â

Guess list, and then click Forget.

If you’re using Mac OS X version 10.5, Control-click the word and choose Unlearn Â

Spelling from the pop-up menu.

5 If no alternate spellings appear in the list of suggested corrections, select the

misspelled word in the Spelling window and try a dierent spelling.

6 Click Find Next and repeat steps 2 through 5 until you nd no more spelling errors.

You can also hold down the Control key and click a misspelled word. From the pop-up menu you can choose an optional alternative spelling, click Learn, or click Ignore.

Automatically Substituting Text

Keynote can be set to recognize and replace text you don't want with text you do want. For example, when you type “teh,” Keynote can automatically change it to “the.”

To set up automatic text substitution:

1 Choose Keynote > Preferences.

2 Click Auto-Correction and make settings as desired.

To automatically convert single and double quotation marks to smart quotes so that opening and closing quotation marks are not identical, select “Use smart quotes.”

To make sure that the rst word in a sentence begins with a capital letter, select “Fix

capitalization.”

To automatically convert the letters in “1st,” “2nd,” “3rd,” and so on into superscripts,

select “Superscript numerical suxes.”

Chapter 4 Working with Text 71

To set Keynote to automatically detect that something you've typed is an email

address or a URL, select “Automatically detect email and web addresses.” Email and web addresses you type automatically become hyperlinks for Mail or Safari.

To use automatic list generation, select “Automatically detect lists.”

To automatically replace misspelled words if there is only one option in the spelling dictionary, select “Automatically use spell checker suggestions.”

To replace one or more characters with one or more dierent characters, select “Symbol and text substitution.” Then use the rows in the table to dene and activate specic substitutions. For example, when you type (c), you can have Keynote

automatically convert it to © by putting a checkmark in the On column. To add a row

to the table to dene your own substitution, click the Add (+) button. To remove a

selected item, click the Delete (–) button.

After you specify substitution settings, they'll apply to any text you change or add in any Keynote document.

Finding and Replacing Text

You can nd every instance of a word or phrase in your document and optionally

change it to something else.

Here are ways to nd and replace text:

Choose Edit > Find > Find, click Simple or Advanced to set up nd/replace criteria, and m then click a button to conduct nd/replace operations.

Simple: In the Find eld, type the text you want to nd, and type any text you want to replace it with in the Replace eld.

Advanced: In addition to typing Find and Replace text, you can set up additional nd/

replace criteria.

Replace All: Automatically conducts the nd/replace operation without your review.

Replace: Replaces the current selection with the replacement text.

Replace & Find: Replaces the current selection with the replacement text and

immediately nds the next occurrence of the Find text.

Next or Previous: Finds the next or previous occurrence of the Find text.

Use the other commands on the Edit > Find submenu. m

Find: Displays search results for terms typed in the document search eld.

Find Next or Find Previous: Finds the next or previous occurrence of the current

Find text.

Use Selection for Find: Finds the next occurrence of the selected text.

Jump to Selection: Displays the selected text when it's not currently in view.

72 Chapter 4 Working with Text

Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

Learn how to add, manipulate, and modify images and shapes in your slideshow. Many of the same techniques can also be applied to other objects, such as charts, tables, text boxes, and movies.

An object is any item you place on your slide that will be seen during the presentation. Images, shapes, movies, text boxes, tables, and charts are all objects.

This chapter focuses on images—meaning photographs or PDF les—and shapes,

which include simple predrawn shapes (such as triangles and arrows) and custom

shapes that you can draw yourself using the tools available in Keynote. Most of

the techniques covered in this chapter for placing and manipulating shapes and images can be generalized to tables, charts, and other objects. Any special formatting considerations pertaining to tables, charts, movies, text boxes, and web views are covered in other chapters.

Importing Images

Keynote accepts all QuickTime-supported formats, including the following graphics le types:

TIFF Â

GIF Â

JPEG Â

PDF Â

PSD Â

EPS Â

PICT Â

To import an image, do any of the following:

Second, choose a source.

First, click a button to go to your media files.

Third, drag an item to the document or to an image well in one of the inspectors.

Search for a file by typing its name here.

Click Media in the toolbar, click Photos in the Media Browser, select the album where m

your picture is located, and then drag a thumbnail to position it where you want it.

The buttons at the top of the Media Browser give you access to images in your iPhoto library, movies in your Movies folder, or audio les in your iTunes library.

Choose Insert > Choose, select the le, and then click Insert. m

Drag a le from the Finder. m

Drag a le from another application. m

After importing your image, you can drag it to position it wherever you want on the slide canvas. Drag the image to the slide navigator to create a new slide containing the image.

You can use the tools in Keynote to mask (crop) an image; change its brightness,

contrast, and other image qualities; or erase its background.

To learn more about how to manipulate and use images in your larger presentation

design, including how to place, align, resize, reorient, add shadows, reections, borders, and more, see the relevant topics in “About Manipulating, Arranging, and Changing the Look of Objects” on page 87. To learn about making images change or move

across the slide during your presentation, see the topics in Chapter 7, “ Using Motion in Slideshows,” on page 11 2 .

74 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

Automatically Reducing Images to Fit Your Slides

By default, if an image you place on a slide is larger than the slide, Keynote scales down the image to t the slide, in a process called downsampling. A downsampled image has fewer pixels than the original, so some of the image information is removed.

Images in JPEG format remain JPEG images; other formats are converted to TIFF. After an image has been downsampled, you can’t restore it to its original size by clicking Original Size in the Metrics inspector. To avoid downsampling and use images at their original size, turn o automatic downsampling in Keynote preferences.

To turn o automatic downsampling of images:

1 Choose Keynote > Preferences, and then click General.

2 Deselect the checkbox “Reduce placed images to t on the slides.”

If you intend to greatly enlarge or reduce a graphic’s dimensions, consider converting it to a PDF le before bringing it into Keynote. PDF les don’t lose their crispness when they are signicantly resized. Other le types may not retain their clarity as well when

they are enlarged or reduced.

Tip: ∏ You can also convert an image on your desktop to a PDF le by using the Grab

application. Open Grab (it’s in the Utilities folder in the Applications folder on your hard

disk). Choose Capture > Selection, and then select the image you want to make into a

PDF le. Choose File > Print, and then click Preview to save the image as a PDF le.

Replacing Theme Images with Your Own Media

The photos you see featured in each Keynote theme are actually media placeholders.

By dragging your own images or movie les to these placeholders, your media is automatically sized, positioned, and framed to t the slide’s theme.

To test whether the media on a slide is a placeholder, let the pointer rest over it

and see if a help tag appears instructing you to drag your own media le to the

placeholder.

Here are ways to work with media placeholders:

To replace a media placeholder with your own image, movie, or audio le, drag it from m the Media Browser, the Finder, or another application to the placeholder.

To resize or reposition your image within a media placeholder, click the Edit Mask m button that hovers over the image after you’ve dropped it onto the placeholder, and then do any of the following:

To resize your image within the placeholder, drag the resize handle above the

Edit Mask button.

To reposition your image within the placeholder, position the pointer over the image (the pointer may appear as a hand), and then drag the image to position it where you want.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 75

To replace an item you’ve already placed in a media placeholder, drag a new le to it. You

Drag the image to position the part you want to show.

Drag the slider to resize the image.

Click to show or hide the area outside the mask.

Drag the selection handles to resize the mask.

don’t have to delete the old le rst.

To reposition a media placeholder on the slide canvas, drag the placeholder to where m you want.

To remove a media placeholder from the slide canvas, select the placeholder and press m the Delete key.

To learn about creating media placeholders, or converting them to non-placeholders, in order to customize a master slide, see “Dening Media Placeholders” on page 234.

Masking (Cropping) Images

You can crop images without actually changing the image les by masking the edges to get rid of unwanted parts or to change the outline of the image. If you don’t specify

a shape for the mask, by default Keynote uses a rectangular mask, but you can use

any shape available in Keynote, including a custom shape that you’ve created with the

Draw tool, to mask the edges of your image.

To mask an image with a rectangle:

1 Import the image you want to mask.

2 Select the image and then click the Mask button in the toolbar (or choose

Format > Mask).

A mask appears over the image, and some controls appear.

3 To resize the image, drag the slider above the Edit Mask button.

4 Rene the mask by doing any of the following:

Â To resize the mask, drag the selection handles on the mask shape. To constrain the

mask’s proportions, hold down the Shift key as you drag.

Â To rotate the mask, hold down the Command key as you drag a corner selection

handle on the mask.

76 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

5 Drag the image to position the part you want to show, or move the mask by clicking

its edge and dragging it.

6 When you’re satised with the position and size of your image and the mask, do any of

the following to nish:

Double-click the mask or the image. Â

Press Return. Â

Click outside the image. Â

Click Edit Mask. Â

7 To resize or rotate the masked image, drag or Command-drag its selection handles.

8 To change the size of the masked image, double-click the masked image, and then

click Edit Mask.

Repeat the steps above as needed.

9 To unmask the image, click Unmask in the toolbar (or choose Format > Unmask).

To mask the image with a predrawn shape (for example, a circle or a star):

Select the image and choose Format > “Mask with Shape” > m shape.

Resize and align the image and the mask as for any masked image, described above.

To mask the image with a custom shape:

1 Create the shape you want to use as a mask and drag it over the image you want

to mask.

2 Hold down the Shift key and click to select both the shape and the image, and then

click Mask in the toolbar (or choose Format > “Mask with Selected Shape”).

3 Resize and align the image and the mask as for any masked image, described above.

Reducing Image File Sizes

If you’ve resized or masked a very large image le, and you want to save the image le as part of your Keynote document (so that you can easily transfer it to another

computer), but you want to keep the document size to a minimum, you can choose to save only the smaller (cropped or shrunk) version of the image in your presentation.

Before you reduce the image le size, you must save your document. For details about how to do this, see “Saving a Presentation” on page 31.

To reduce the le size of your document, do either of the following:

m To reduce the le size of an individual image that you’ve masked or resized to a smaller size,

select the image and choose Format > Image > Reduce Image File Size.

m To reduce the sizes of all masked and resized (shrunk) images, and shortened videos,

choose File > Reduce File Size.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 77

To learn more about reducing the size of movie les, see “Reducing the Size of Media

Dragging selects the contiguous area that uses colors similar to the color you click.

Files” on page 111 .

Note: After you’ve reduced the size of masked or shrunk image les, you won’t be able

to restore them to their original size. If you later want to restore their original size, you

must add the original image les to the document again.

Images used in image lls or with action builds cannot be reduced in this way. Some types of image les also may not be reducible.

Removing the Background or Unwanted Elements from an Image

The Instant Alpha tool enables you to make parts of an image transparent in order to remove the image background.

You’ll get the best results removing solid colors with clear boundaries around them. To

remove areas that are less distinct, select a smaller area and repeat the process.

To remove unwanted elements:

1 Select the image.

2 Click Alpha in the toolbar (or choose Format > Instant Alpha).

3 Click the color you want to make transparent, and then drag slowly over it.

As you drag, the selection grows to include the contiguous area that uses similar

colors. You can control how much of the image is selected by dragging less or more.

If you hold down the Option key while you drag, all instances of the color that you’re

dragging over will be removed from the image.

78 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

4 Repeat step 3 as many times as you like.

Dragging more here...

...selects more of the image.

Adjust the contrast of light and dark tones.

Change the color intensity.

Introduce more warmth

or coolness.

Change the amount of red or green tones.

Sharpen or soften

the focus.

Adjust shadows and highlights.

Understand the relationship between shadows and highlights.

Change the levels of dark and light tones.

Restore original settings.

Adjust the lightness.

Enhance colors

automatically.

You can restore the parts removed from the image at any time. To revert to the

original image, choose Format > Remove Instant Alpha. To restore parts of the image removed using Instant Alpha, choose Edit > Undo Instant Alpha until the parts have been restored.

Changing an Image’s Brightness, Contrast, and Other Settings

You can change the brightness, contrast, and other settings of images to improve their quality or to create interesting eects. Adjustments you make don’t aect the original image; they aect only the image’s appearance in Keynote.

To adjust an image:

1 Select the image.

2 Choose View > Show Adjust Image.

3 Use the controls to make adjustments.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 79

Brightness: Changes the amount of white in the image. Dragging to the right

increases the white in the image, making it appear brighter.

Contrast: Changes the dierence between the light and dark areas of the image. If you

increase contrast, the light parts get lighter and the darks get darker. If you decrease

contrast, the dierence between light and dark decreases. Dragging to the right makes

the edges between light and dark areas more stark, and can make a photo appear more like an illustration.

Saturation: Changes the richness of color in the image. Dragging to the right makes the colors richer or more vibrant.

Temperature: Changes the warmth or coolness of the image by adjusting the amount of warm tones (red) or cold tones (blue).

Tint: Changes the overall color cast of the image by adjusting the amount of red or green tones.

Sharpness: Sharpens or softens (blurs) the focus of the image.

Exposure: Changes the overall lightness or darkness of the entire image. When you

adjust exposure, every part of the image gets lighter or darker. Increasing the exposure of an image can also reduce its color.

Histogram and Levels: Describes the total color information in the image, from the darkest shadow on the left, to the brightest highlight on the right. The heights of the peaks tell you how much color information falls in a given range.

To set the dark level, drag the left slider toward the middle. Dragging the slider to the right narrows the range of color and can bring more clarity to the shadows. The position of the slider determines how much information is in the darkest part of the

image; any information to the left of the slider is omitted from the image. You may

want to drag the slider just to the point that the histogram line shows a noticeable bump, signifying that detail is available.

To set the light level, drag the right slider toward the middle. Dragging the slider to the left narrows the range of color and can bring more clarity to the highlights. The position of the slider determines how much information is in the lightest part of the

image; any information to the right of the slider is omitted from the image. You may

want to drag the slider just to the point that the histogram line shows a noticeable bump, signifying that detail is available.

Enhance: Automatically adjusts the image by spreading the red, green, and blue tones evenly across the histogram.

4 To restore the original settings, click Reset Image.

To save any changes you made, save the document. The settings at the time you save the document are visible anytime you open the Adjust Image window.

80 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

About Creating Shapes

Keynote provides a variety of predrawn shapes you can add to slides. You can also

create your own custom shapes or alter the lines and contours of a predrawn shape.

Adding a Predrawn Shape

Here are ways to add a predrawn shape:

Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select a shape from the pop-up menu. m

Choose Insert > Shape > m Shape.

Press the Option key as you click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select a shape from m

the pop-up menu; the pointer changes to a crosshair. Drag across the canvas to create

a shape the size you want. To constrain the shape’s proportions (for example, to keep

triangles equal on all sides), press the Shift key as you drag.

Drag the new shape to wherever you want it on the canvas. To change the shape’s contours, you must rst make the shape editable; see “Making Shapes Editable” on

page 82.

To learn about manipulating and aligning shapes, and changing their general object properties, such as color, border style (stroke), size, orientation, shadows, and more, see “About Manipulating, Arranging, and Changing the Look of Objects” on page 87.

Adding a Custom Shape

You can use the Draw tool to create your own shapes.

To create a custom shape:

1 Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select the Draw tool (or choose Insert > Shape >

“Draw with Pen”).

The pointer changes from an arrow to a small pen tip.

2 Click anywhere in your document to create the rst point of the custom shape.

3 Click to create more points.

Each point you add is connected to the preceding point. To delete a segment you’ve just created, press the Delete key. You can press Delete multiple times.

4 To stop drawing and close the shape (add a solid line between the last and rst

points), click the rst point.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 81

To stop drawing and leave the shape open (no line between the last and rst points)

so that you can work with the shape again later, press the Esc (Escape) key or doubleclick the last point created.

5 To close or add more points to a shape that you previously left open, click once in

the shape to select it, and then click it a second time to show its points. Do any of

the following:

Double-click one of the two points at either end of the open segment; the pointer Â changes to a pen tip.

To add additional points, click other locations as needed. Â

When you’re ready to stop drawing and close the shape, click the point at the end of

the open segment.

6 Select the shape’s border and drag it to wherever you want it on the canvas.

If you want to go back and further modify the points or line contours of the shape you created, select the shape and then click it again to make it editable, and then follow the instructions for modifying shapes.

Making Shapes Editable

You can manipulate and reshape the points and contours of a shape you’ve already

placed on your slide canvas. Before you can edit a shape in this way, you need to make it editable.

Here are ways to make shapes editable:

To make a predrawn shape editable, select the shape and then choose m

Format > Shape > Make Editable.

Red points appear on the shape. Drag the points to edit the shape. Later, to edit a

predrawn shape that has been made editable, click it once to select it, and then click it again to make it editable.

To make a custom shape editable, click once in the shape to select it, and then click a m second time to show its editing points.

To learn the details of manipulating the points and contours of a shape after you’ve

made it editable, see the relevant topics.

82 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

To learn about editing specic predrawn shapes, see the sections about each shape.

You can also drag a point to modify the curve.

Drag a control handle or rotate one or both control handles to change the curve.

Adding, Deleting, and Moving the Editing Points on a Shape

You can ne-tune the lines and contours of a shape by adding, moving, or deleting its

editing points.

Here are ways to manipulate a shape’s editing points:

To add a point, make the shape editable, press the Option key, and then hold the m

pointer over the shape’s border. The pointer changes into a pen tip with a plus sign (+).

Click the location on the border where you want to add a point, and then move the point if needed.

To move a point, make the shape editable, click the point, and then drag it to another m

location. You can move several points at the same time by holding down the Shift key

as you click multiple points, and then dragging.

To delete a point, make the shape editable, click the point, and then press the Delete m

key. You can delete several points at the same time by holding down the Shift key as

you click multiple points and then pressing Delete.

Reshaping a Curve

One way to create a unique shape is to reshape the contours of a predrawn shape. This technique can also be used to readjust the curves of a custom shape.

To reshape a curve:

1 Make the shape editable.

Red points appear on the shape, indicating that you can reshape the curves at these points.

2 Click a red point on the curve you want to reshape. Handles appear on both sides of

the red point.

3 To adjust the curvature, drag the red point or one of its handles.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 83

Move the control handles clockwise or counter-clockwise. Dierent eects result when

you move the handles together or independently of each other. Experiment until you

achieve the desired eect.

To move the handles together, press the Option key, and then drag either one of them.

To move only one handle, press the Command key while dragging it.

4 For more precise control of the contour, add more editing points by holding down

the Option key while you hold the pointer along the shape’s border. When the pointer

takes the shape of a pen tip with a plus sign (+), click where you want to add a new editing point. For more information, see “Adding, Deleting, and Moving the Editing Points on a Shape” on page 83.

Reshaping a Straight Segment

You can change the angle between two segments, or change the length of a segment.

To reshape a straight segment:

1 Make the shape editable.

2 Click a corner point.

3 To change the angle between the two attached segments, drag the point clockwise or

counter-clockwise.

4 To change the length of one of the segments, drag the point outward or inward.

5 Add more editing points by holding down the Option key while you hold the pointer

over a line. When the pointer takes the shape of a pen tip with a plus sign (+), click where you want to add a new editing point.

For more information, see “Adding, Deleting, and Moving the Editing Points on a Shape” on page 83.

Transforming Corner Points into Curved Points and Vice Versa

You can change one or more points into curves or curves into points. First you must

make the shape editable.

Here are ways to transform corner points into curved points and vice versa:

To change a corner point into a curved point, make the shape editable, and then m double-click the corner point.

To change a curved point into a corner point, make the shape editable, and then m double-click the curved point.

To change all corner points in one or more shapes into curved points, make the shapes m

editable, select them, and then choose Format > Shape > Smooth Path.

To change all curved points in one or more shapes into corner points, make the shapes m

editable, select them, and then choose Format > Shape > Sharpen Path.

84 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

After a shape is editable, you can use the Smooth Path and Sharpen Path commands

Drag to straighten or round the corner.

Drag to change

the tail length.

Drag up or down to change the width of the tail. Drag left or right to resize the arrowhead.

without making the shape editable again.

Editing a Rounded Rectangle

The rounded rectangle has a circular control that lets you change the corners.

To edit a rounded rectangle:

Select the shape, and drag its blue editing point to the left to straighten the corners, or m to the right to round them.

Editing Single and Double Arrows

An arrow shape has specialized editing points that enable you to adjust the relative

proportions of the arrow’s head and tail.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 85

To change the proportions of a single or double arrow:

Select the shape, and then do any of the following. m

To make the arrow longer, drag one of the selection handles at its head or tail. Â

To make the entire arrow narrower or thicker, drag one of the selection handles on Â

the arrow’s bounding box near where the arrow’s head and tail meet.

To change the relative thickness of the arrow’s head and tail, place the pointer Â over the blue editing point where the arrow’s head and tail meet. When the pointer’s appearance changes, drag the editing point in any direction to adjust the arrow’s proportions.

Editing a Quote Bubble or Callout

View the number of points currently in the star.

Drag to increase or decrease the number of points in the star.

Drag to change the angles between points in the star.

Quote bubbles and callouts have special editing controls. With these, you can adjust how square or rounded the shape’s corners are, as well as the thickness and length of the shape’s tail.

To change the look of quote bubbles or callouts:

Select the shape, and then do any of the following. m

To make the corners more square, drag the blue editing point on its widest edge Â

and drag it toward the shape’s tail. Drag away from the tail to make the corners

more round.

To make the shape’s tail thicker or thinner, drag the blue editing point at the Â intersection of the shape’s tail and body, inward or outward.

To make the shape’s tail longer, drag the blue editing point at the tip of the tail Â

inward or outward.

To make the shape’s body taller, shorter, wider, or narrower, drag the selection Â handles on the shape’s bounding box.

Editing a Star

The star shape has a slider that increases or decreases the number of points in the star,

and a blue editing point that makes the angles between the star’s points sharper or

more obtuse.

Here are ways to edit a star:

When you select a star shape, the slider appears. Drag the slider to increase or m decrease the number of points in the star.

Drag the blue editing point to change the angles between points in the star. m

86 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

Editing a Polygon

Drag to increase or decrease the number of sides in the polygon.

View the number of sides currently in the polygon.

The polygon has a slider for increasing and decreasing the number of sides in the polygon.

To edit a polygon:

When you select the polygon, the slider appears. Drag the slider to increase or m decrease the number of sides in the polygon.

About Manipulating, Arranging, and Changing the Look of Objects

In general, the way you select, arrange, and manipulate objects in Keynote works the

same, whether you’re working with images, shapes, movies, tables, chart elements, or

text boxes. For most objects, you use the same controls to resize and reorient them, as

well as to add shadows, reections, border styles (stroke), ll color or image, and more.

The following topics in this chapter describe the general tools and techniques for

working with all kinds of objects in Keynote. To learn about the additional specics

that pertain to formatting text, and about designing tables and charts, see the relevant chapters in this guide.

Selecting Multiple Objects

Before you can move, modify, or perform other operations on objects, you must select them. A selected object has handles that let you move or manipulate the object.

Here are ways to select and deselect objects:

To select a single object, click anywhere on the object (to select an object that has no m

ll, click the edge).

To select several objects on a slide, hold down the Shift key as you click objects. m

To select all the objects on a slide, click the slide and press Command-A. m

To select an object that’s part of a group, you must rst ungroup the objects. Select m

the group, and then choose Arrange > Ungroup.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 87

To deselect objects in a group of selected objects, hold down the Command key and m then click objects you want to deselect.

Copying or Duplicating Objects

The technique you use to copy an object depends on where you want to place the copy. When the copy will be placed far from the original or in another document,

copying and pasting is generally easier. When you’re working with an object that will

be placed near the original, duplicating is generally easier.

Here are ways to copy objects:

To copy and paste an object, select it, and then choose Edit > Copy. Click where you m

want the copy to appear. Choose Edit > Paste.

To duplicate an object on a slide, hold down the Option key while you drag the object. m

You can also select the object and choose Edit > Duplicate. The copy appears on top of the original, slightly oset. Drag the copy to the desired location.

To copy an image between Keynote documents, select the image and drag its icon m

from the File Info eld in the Metrics inspector to a slide in the other Keynote le.

Deleting Objects

Deleting objects is quick and easy.

To delete objects:

Select the object or objects and press the Delete key. m

If you accidentally delete an object, choose Edit > Undo Delete.

Moving Objects and Positioning Them on the Slide Canvas

Keynote provides several tools to help you arrange items on your slide canvas with great precision, including customizable alignment guides and gridlines to help you keep object positions even on slides and consistent between slides. Objects can be grouped together, making it easier to manipulate sets of objects, and locked into position to prevent them from being moved while you work. In addition, objects on a

slide can be layered (overlapped) to create the eect of depth on the slide.

Here are ways to manipulate objects directly:

To move an object to a new location on the slide, drag it. Avoid dragging the object by m its selection handles because you may inadvertently resize it.

To precisely align objects as you drag them around, you can use alignment guides and gridlines. See “Using Alignment and Relative Spacing Guides” on page 90 and “Using

Master Gridlines” on page 92 for details.

To constrain the object’s motion to horizontal, vertical, or a 45-degree angle, start m

dragging the object while holding down the Shift key.

88 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

To move the object in small increments, press one of the arrow keys, causing the m object to move a point at a time. To move the object ten points at a time, hold down the Shift key while pressing an arrow key.

To show the position of the object when you move it, choose Keynote > Preferences, m

and then select “Show size and position when moving objects” in the General pane.

To move text or an object inside another object, select the object and choose Edit > m

Cut. Place the insertion point where you want the object to appear, and then choose Edit > Paste.

Moving an Object Forward or Backward (Layering Objects)

When objects overlap or when text and objects overlap, you can change the order of objects in the stack.

To move an object in front or in back of text or another object:

1 Select the object you want to move.

2 To move an object a layer at a time, choose Arrange > Bring Forward or Arrange >

Send Backward.

3 To move an object to the very top or bottom of the stack, choose Arrange > “Bring to

Front” or Arrange > “Send to Back.”

If you frequently layer objects, you can add the Front, Back, Forward, and Backward

buttons to the toolbar to work more eciently. To learn about customizing the toolbar,

see “The Toolbar” on page 21.

Quickly Aligning Objects Relative to One Another

You can use menu commands to quickly move objects on the same slide in alignment

or space them equally apart. First, you must select all the objects you want to align (hold down the Shift or Command key as you click each object to select it).

To align selected objects:

To align the objects with each other, choose Arrange > Align Objects and then choose m one of the alignment options in the submenu.

Left: Positions objects so that their left edges align vertically to the rst object you select.

Center: Positions objects so that their centers align vertically to the rst object you select.

Right: Positions objects so that their right edges align vertically to the rst object

you select.

Top: Positions objects so that their top edges align horizontally to the rst object you select.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 89

Middle: Moves objects vertically so that their centers align horizontally to the rst

object you select.

Bottom: Positions objects so that their bottom edges align horizontally to the rst

object you select.

To space the objects evenly on the slide, choose Arrange > Distribute Objects, and m then choose an option from the submenu.

Horizontally: Adjusts the horizontal spacing between objects.

Vertically: Adjusts the vertical spacing between objects.

You can also align objects relative to one another by dragging them and using

alignment guides to determine when the objects are correctly positioned.

Using Alignment and Relative Spacing Guides

Alignment guides appear and disappear as you drag objects around a slide canvas, providing you with instant feedback about relative object position. For example, you may see alignment guides appear whenever objects are aligned at their centers or at their edges.

Similarly, relative spacing guides may appear when you have three or more objects

lined up on the canvas. If you drag one object into a line of objects, so that it’s

equidistant from the middle object, relative spacing guides display the distance between each pair of objects in ruler units.

Relative sizing guides appear when two or more items lined up on a slide canvas have the same height or width.

These guides appear only while you’re dragging an object. When you let go of the object, the guides vanish. You can make alignment and relative spacing guides appear in dierent colors so that it’s easier to know what is coming into alignment as you

move objects around. If you turn on alignment guides or change their color, the settings apply to all the documents you open in Keynote.

To turn on and customize alignment guides:

1 To set alignment guide options, choose Keynote > Preferences, and then click Rulers.

Select the Object Alignment options that describe when you want alignment guides

to appear:

To show guides when an object’s center aligns with another object or the center of the slide, select “Show guides at object center.”

To show guides when an object’s edges align with another object, select “Show guides at object edges.”

2 To change the color of alignment guides, click the Alignment Guides color well and

select a color in the Colors window.

90 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

3 To set relative spacing guides, select the Object Spacing & Sizing options that describe

when you want guides to appear.

To show distance between three or more equidistant objects in a line, select “Show relative spacing.”

To show that objects in a line have the same height or width, select “Show relative sizes.”

4 To change the color of relative spacing and sizing guides, click the adjacent color well

and select a color in the Colors window.

5 To show or hide guides while you work, choose View > Show Guides or

View > Hide Guides.

6 To momentarily hide guides, hold down the Command key while you drag an object.

Another way to align objects is to use gridlines on the master slide or specify precise object position by using x and y coordinates on the slide. See “Using Master Gridlines” on page 92 and “Positioning Objects by x and y Coordinates” on page 92.

Creating your own alignment guides wherever you need them on each slide can help

you place objects in the same position on dierent slides.

Creating Your Own Alignment Guides

You can create static alignment guides to help you align objects on a slide or place them in the same position on dierent slides. These alignment guides do not appear

and disappear as you drag objects on the slide canvas, but remain visible on the slide

canvas while you’re working, even if you leave the slide and then return to it later.

To align objects in the same position on dierent slides, place guides in the same

position on each slide, and then use that guide to help you place your objects.

To create an alignment guide:

1 Click View in the toolbar, and then choose Show Rulers.

Note: Alignment guides can’t be created if you’re editing text. Stop editing text by

selecting an object or clicking the slide canvas.

2 Place the pointer over a ruler and drag onto the slide canvas. An alignment

guide appears.

3 Drag the guide where you want it on the slide.

4 To remove an alignment guide that you’ve created, drag it o the edge of the slide.

Alignment guides don’t appear on printed slides or during your presentation.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 91

Using Master Gridlines

In addition to alignment guides on a slide, you can align objects using vertical and horizontal gridlines that divide a slide into equal sections. As you drag an object around a slide canvas, it “snaps to” the gridlines whenever it aligns with one at its center or its edge, depending on your Object Alignment preferences.

You can make master gridlines appear in a dierent color from alignment and relative spacing guides so that it’s easier to know what is coming into alignment as you move

objects around.

To turn on master gridlines:

1 Choose Keynote > Preferences, and then click Rulers.

2 Select either or both of the horizontal and vertical Master Gridlines checkboxes.

3 Type a percentage value in the eld to specify how close together the gridlines

should be.

4 To change the color of gridlines, click the Master Gridlines color well and select a color

in the Colors window.

To temporarily hide gridlines, hold down the Command key while you drag an object.

Gridlines can be seen on the master slides but don’t appear on printed slides.

Positioning Objects by x and y Coordinates

You can place objects precisely where you want them on the slide canvas by

specifying spatial coordinates using the ruler measurements.

To specify an object’s position by its x and y coordinates:

1 Select the object you want to position.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Metrics inspector button.

3 Enter x and y values (in ruler measurements) in the Position elds.

The specied coordinates determine the position of the upper-left corner of the object’s container box. If an object is rotated, the x and y coordinates specify the upper-left corner of the container box of the rotated object, which may be a dierent

size from the original.

The x value is measured from the left edge of the slide canvas. Â

The y value is measured from the top edge of the slide canvas. Â

92 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

When you enter x and y coordinates for line positions in the Metrics inspector, the

Position a line by specifying x and y coordinates for its first endpoint.

Position a line by specifying x and y coordinates for its second endpoint.

Start coordinates refer to the rst endpoint you created (or the upper-left endpoint, if you didn’t draw the line). If you later ip or rotate the line, the Start coordinates

continue to refer to the same endpoint.

Grouping and Ungrouping Objects

You can group objects together so that they can be moved, copied, resized, and

oriented as a single object. Grouped objects can also be built as a single unit during object builds.

You can edit an individual object within a group without having to ungroup it rst.

Grouped objects can be grouped again with other objects, creating a hierarchy or

“nesting” of grouped objects. To select an individual object that’s nested in several

levels of grouping, you must click it once for each level of nesting.

To group objects:

1 Hold down the Command (or Shift) key as you select the objects you want to group.

If you can’t select an object, it may be locked; you’ll need to unlock it.

2 Choose Arrange > Group, or click Group in the toolbar.

If you group an object that has a build eect assigned to it, the eect is removed.

To ungroup objects:

Select the group, and then choose Arrange > Ungroup or click Ungroup in the toolbar. m

If the group is locked, unlock it rst.

If you can’t select a group of objects, it may be locked; you’ll need to unlock it.

Ungrouping a grouped object with a build eect assigned to it also removes the build eect.

To select an individual object that’s been grouped with others:

Click the object you want to edit once to select the group, and again to select the m individual object.

If clicking once doesn’t select the individual object you want, it may be nested in many

layers of grouping. Click again until the object you want is selected.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 93

Connecting Objects with an Adjustable Line

When you want to join two objects with a line, the easiest way to do it is to use a connection line (rather than creating a separate line as a shape). Two objects joined by a connection line remain joined even if you reposition the objects on the slide canvas.

To join two objects with a connection line:

1 Hold down the Command key while you select the two objects you want to join, and

then choose Insert > Connection Line.

A straight line appears, connecting the selected objects. You can move the object

separately, and the connection line shrinks, stretches, and changes its position to keep the objects connected.

2 To make the line curved, drag the white editing point near the center of the line.

If you drag the objects into dierent positions on the slide canvas, the curvature of the

line adjusts to keep the objects connected.

3 To create a gap between the end of the line and one of the connected objects, so that

they aren’t actually touching, drag the blue editing point at the end of the line away from the object it’s touching.

The line maintains the gap between itself and the connected object as you move the objects around.

4 To change the line color, style, thickness, or endpoints, format it using the controls in

the format bar or Graphic inspector, as you would for any other line.

For more detailed information about changing these attributes, see the topics below “Modifying Object Size, Orientation, Outline, and More” on page 94.

Locking and Unlocking Objects

You can lock objects to avoid inadvertently moving them as you work.

After you lock individual or grouped objects, you can’t move, delete, or modify them

in any way until you unlock them. However, a locked object can be selected, copied, or duplicated; when you copy or duplicate a locked object, the new object is also locked.

To lock an object:

Select the objects you want to lock, and then choose Arrange > Lock. m

To unlock an object:

Select the objects you want to unlock, and then choose Arrange > Unlock. m

Modifying Object Size, Orientation, Outline, and More

You can resize objects, change their orientation, modify their border styles, add shadows and reections to them, and adjust their opacity. After you’ve created a look you like, it’s easy to copy it directly to other objects.

94 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

Resizing Objects

You can resize an object by dragging its handles or typing exact dimensions.

Here are ways to resize objects:

To resize an object by dragging, select the object and then drag one of its m selection handles. To resize an object in one direction, drag a side handle instead of a corner handle.

To resize the object from its center, press the Option key as you drag.

To maintain an object’s proportions, hold down the Shift key as you drag. You can also click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics inspector button, and then select

“Constrain proportions” before dragging.

To show the size of an object when you drag a selection handle, choose Keynote >

Preferences, and then select “Show size and position when moving objects” in the

General pane.

To resize an object using exact proportions, select the object, click Inspector in the m

toolbar, click the Metrics inspector button, and then use the Width and Height controls.

To resize several objects at once, select the objects, click Inspector in the toolbar, click m

the Metrics inspector button, and then type new values in the Width and Height elds.

Select the object and then click Original Size in the Metrics inspector. m

If you’ve resized a very large image le, but you only need to use the smaller version in

your presentation, you can have Keynote keep only a smaller copy of the image, thus reducing the overall size of your document. See “Reducing Image File Sizes” on page 77.

Flipping and Rotating Objects

You can ip or rotate any object. For example, if you have an image of an arrow that you want to use in your document, but you need it to point in a dierent direction,

you can reverse its direction vertically or horizontally, or point it at any angle.

Here are ways to change an object’s orientation:

To ip an object horizontally or vertically, select the object, and then choose Arrange > m

Flip Horizontally or Arrange > Flip Vertically.

You can also click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics inspector button, and then

use the Flip buttons.

To rotate an object, select the object, hold down the Command key and move the m pointer toward an active selection handle until it changes to a curved, double-headed arrow, and then drag a selection handle.

To rotate an object in 45-degree increments, press the Shift and Command keys while dragging a selection handle.

You can also click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics inspector button, and then

drag the Rotate wheel or use the Angle controls to set the angle of the object.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 95

To rotate a shape but keep its text horizontal, after rotating the shape choose Format m

Choose line endpoints from these pop-up menus.

Click the color well to choose a line color.

Choose the line thickness. (The abbreviation “px” means pixels.)

Choose a line style.

Choose Line.

> Shape > “Reset Text and Object Handles.”

Changing the Style of Borders

For shapes, chart elements, text boxes, and table cells, you can choose a line style

and color for the object’s border, or you can specify no border. You can also put a border around imported images. You set border line style and color using the Graphic

inspector and the Colors window.

To set the line style and color of an object’s border:

1 Select the object that you want to modify.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic inspector button.

3 Choose Line from the Stroke pop-up menu.

4 Choose a line style from the pop-up menu. For tables, only a solid line or None

is available.

5 To change the line thickness, type a value in the Stroke eld (or click the arrows).

6 To change the line color, click the color well and select a color.

7 To give the line endpoints, such as arrowheads or circles, choose left and right

endpoints from the pop-up menus.

96 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

Framing Objects

Click this arrow and the thumbnail to choose a frame style.

Enclose your text boxes, images, movies, shapes, and media placeholders with graphical borders, known as picture frames.

To add a picture frame:

1 Select the media or media placeholder, click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the

Graphic inspector button.

2 Choose Picture Frame from the Stroke pop-up menu, and then click the thumbnail to

choose one.

To adjust the thickness of your frame, use the Scale slider or type a specic percentage in the adjacent eld. (Not all picture frames can be adjusted.)

To change a picture frame:

1 Select a framed object or media placeholder, click Inspector in the toolbar, and then

click the Graphic inspector button.

2 Choose Picture Frame from the Stroke pop-up menu, and then click the arrow next to

the thumbnail to choose a new picture frame.

To remove a picture frame:

Select the media or media placeholder and then choose a line style (or None) from the m

Stroke pop-up menu.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 97

Adding Shadows

Change the shadow

color in the color well.

Change the angle of the shadow with the Angle wheel.

Offset, Blur, and Opacity values change the look of the shadow.

Select the checkbox to add a shadow to a selected object.

This object has the default

shadow properties.

This object’s shadow is set

to a different angle.

This object’s shadow has a high offset value.

This object’s shadow has the lowest blur factor.

This object has a different shadow color.

This object’s shadow has a high blur factor.

Shadows create an appearance of depth on your slides. An object’s shadow appears on any object behind it. You can create a variety of shadow eects, or remove the

shadow from an object.

To add a shadow to an object or text:

1 Select the object or text.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic inspector button.

3 Select Shadow to add a shadow to the object. Deselect Shadow to make a shadow

go away.

4 Set the angle for the shadow using the Angle controls.

5 To set how far the shadow is from the object, use the Oset controls.

A high shadow oset value makes an object’s shadow appear longer and slightly

separated from the object.

6 To adjust the softness of the shadow’s edge, use the Blur controls.

A high blur value makes the object’s shadow appear more diuse; a low value gives the shadow more sharply dened edges.

7 To change the shadow’s transparency, set a percentage in the Opacity eld. Don’t use

the Opacity slider at the bottom of the Graphic inspector, which changes the opacity

of the object (not the object’s shadow).

8 To change the color for the shadow, click the Shadow color well and select a color.

98 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

Adding a Reection

You can add a reection to an object that reects vertically downward.

To add a reection to an object:

1 Select the object.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic inspector button.

3 Select Reection and drag the slider to increase or decrease the amount of reection.

Adjusting Opacity

You can create interesting eects by making objects more opaque or less opaque.

When you put a low-opacity object on top of another object, for example, the bottom object shows through the top object. Depending on how high or low you set the opacity, the objects below can be highly visible, partly obscured, or completely blocked from view (at 100-percent opacity).

To change an object’s opacity:

1 Select the object.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic inspector button.

3 Drag the Opacity slider or enter a percentage in the adjacent eld.

Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects 99

For shapes, you can set opacity for ll and stroke colors separately from object opacity.

This circle is set to 100% opacity in the Graphic inspector. The fill color was set to 50% opacity in the Colors window. The circle’s outline was set to 100% opacity in the Colors window.

This circle is set to 100% opacity in the Graphic inspector.

This circle is set to 50% opacity in the Graphic inspector.

If you move the Opacity slider in the Colors window to modify a ll or stroke color, that

opacity value becomes maximum object opacity. Then, when you change the object opacity in the Graphic inspector, you’re changing it relative to the opacity you set in the Colors window.

If you change an object’s opacity and then can’t restore the object’s ll color to 100

percent, it may be because the opacity was set to less than 100 percent in the Colors

window. To x it, select the object, choose View > Show Colors, and then set the

opacity in the Colors window to 100 percent.

Filling Objects with Colors or Images

You can ll shapes, tables, table cells, chart elements, or slide backgrounds with a solid

color, color gradients (colors that shade into each other), or an image.

Filling an Object with a Solid Color

Use the Graphic inspector to ll an object with a solid color.

To change an object’s ll color:

1 Select the object.

2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic inspector button.

3 Choose Color Fill from the Fill pop-up menu.

4 Click the color well below the Fill pop-up menu to open the Colors window, and then

select a color in the Colors window.

To learn more about using the Colors window, see “The Colors Window” on page 25.

Filling an Object with Blended Colors (Gradients)

To create color gradients in an object ll, use the options the Graphic inspector. The

basic Gradient Fill options provide the easiest way to blend two colors in a straight line. The Advanced Gradient Fill options allow you to blend multiple colors in your

10 0 Chapter 5 Working with Images, Shapes, and Other Objects

gradient and to create a circular (radial) gradient.

To open the Graphic inspector:

Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic inspector button. m

Apple Keynote - 09 User’s Guide

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

About Themes and Master Slides

The Keynote Window

Zooming In or Out

Changing Views

Jumping to a Particular Slide

The Toolbar

The Format Bar

The Inspector Window

The Media Browser

The Colors Window

The Fonts Window

Keyboard Shortcuts and Shortcut Menus

The Warnings Window

About Creating or Opening a Document

Creating a New Keynote Presentation

Importing a Slideshow

Opening an Existing Keynote Document

About Saving Presentations

Saving a Presentation

Saving a Copy of a Presentation

Automatically Saving a Backup Version of a Presentation

Finding an Archived Version of a Presentation

Saving a Document as a Theme

Saving Search Terms for a Document

Locking a Presentation So It Can’t Be Edited

Undoing Changes

Password-Protecting Your Document

Closing a Document Without Quitting Keynote

About Adding, Deleting, and Organizing Slides

Adding Slides

Grouping Slides

Deleting Slides

Skipping Slides

Reordering Slides

Adding Slide Numbers

About Changing a Slide’s Theme, Master, or Layout

Changing a Slide’s Theme

Applying a New Master to a Slide

Customizing an Individual Slide’s Layout

Making the Same Change on Multiple Slides

Commenting on Slides

Selecting Text

Deleting, Copying, and Pasting Text

Formatting Text Size and Appearance

Making Text Bold, Italic, or Underlined

Adding Shadow to Text

Adding a Strikethrough to Text

Creating Outlined Text

Changing Text Size

Making Text Subscript or Superscript

Changing Text Capitalization

Changing Fonts

Changing Text Color

Using Advanced Typography Features

Typing Special Characters and Symbols

Using Smart Quotes

Adding Accent Marks

Viewing Keyboard Layouts for Other Languages

Inserting a Nonbreaking Space

Adjusting Font Smoothing

Formatting Text Bullets and Numbering

About Free Text Boxes and Text in Shapes

Adding a Free Text Box

Putting Text Inside a Shape

Setting Text Alignment and Spacing

Aligning Text Horizontally

Aligning Text Vertically

Adjusting Spacing Within Text Box Borders

Setting the Spacing Between Lines of Text

Setting the Spacing Before or After a Paragraph

Adjusting the Spacing Between Characters

Aligning Text with Tab Stops and Paragraph Indentation

Presenting Text in Columns

Checking Your Slides for Textual Errors

Checking for Misspelled Words