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Keynote ’08
User’s Guide
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K
Apple Inc.
© 2008 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
Under the copyright laws, this manual may not be
copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent
of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by
the accompanying software license agreement.
The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered
in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard”
Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes
without the prior written consent of Apple may
constitute trademark infringement and unfair
competition in violation of federal and state laws.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the
information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not
responsible for printing or clerical errors.
Apple
1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014-2084
408-996-1010
www.apple.com
Apple, the Apple logo, AppleWorks, ColorSync, Exposé,
GarageBand, iBook, iDVD, iLife, iPhoto, iPod, iTunes,
Keynote, Mac, MacBook, Mac OS, Numbers, Pages,
PowerBook, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Inc.,
registered in the U.S. and other countries.
Apple Remote Desktop, Finder, iWeb, iWork, and Safari
are trademarks of Apple Inc.
AppleCare is a service mark of Apple Inc., registered in
the U.S. and other countries.
Adobe and Acrobat are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the U.S.
and/or other countries.
YouTube is a trademark of Google Inc.
Other company and product names mentioned herein
are trademarks of their respective companies. Mention
of third-party products is for informational purposes
only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a
recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with
regard to the performance or use of these products.
019-1276 06/2008
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Contents
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Preface 12 Welcome to the
Keynote User’s Guide
Chapter 1 14 Keynote Tools and Techniques
14
About Themes and Master Slides
16
The Keynote Window
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Zooming In or Out
Changing Views
Navigator View
Outline View
Light Table View
Jumping to a Particular Slide
The Toolbar
The Format Bar
The Inspector Window
The Media Browser
The Colors Window
The Font Panel
The Warnings Window
Keyboard Shortcuts and Shortcut Menus
Chapter 2 26 Working with a Keynote Document
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Creating or Opening a Slideshow
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Creating a New Keynote Document
Importing a Slideshow
Opening an Existing Keynote Document
Saving Documents
Saving a Document
Undoing Changes
Saving a Copy of a Document
Automatically Saving a Backup Version of a Document
Saving a Document as a Theme
Saving Search Terms for a Document
Closing a Document Without Quitting Keynote
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Adding, Deleting, and Organizing Slides
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Adding Slides
Reordering Slides
Grouping Slides
Deleting Slides
Skipping Slides
Adding Slide Numbers
Using Comments
Copying or Moving Items Among Slides
Changing a Slide’s Theme, Master, or Layout
Changing the Theme
Using Multiple Themes
Applying a New Master to a Slide
Changing a Slide’s Layout
Making the Same Change on Multiple Slides
Chapter 3 38 Working with Text
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Adding Text
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Selecting Text
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Deleting, Copying, and Pasting Text
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Formatting Text Size and Appearance
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Using the Format Menu to Format Text
Making Text Bold or Italic Using the Menus
Creating Outlined Text Using the Menus
Underlining Text Using the Menus
Changing Text Size Using the Menus
Making Text Subscript or Superscript Using the Menus
Changing Text Capitalization Using the Menus
Using the Font Panel to Format Text
Tips for Organizing Fonts
Changing Fonts Using the Font Panel
Changing Underlining Using the Font Panel
Adding a Strikethrough to Text Using the Font Panel
Changing Text Color Using the Font Panel
Changing the Paragraph Background Color Using the Font Panel
Creating Shadows on Text Using the Font Panel
Changing the Font Used in Outline View
Adding Accents and Special Characters
Adding Accent Marks
Viewing Keyboard Layouts for Other Languages
Typing Special Characters and Symbols
Using Smart Quotes
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Using Advanced Typography Features
Adjusting Font Smoothing
Setting Text Alignment, Spacing, and Color
Using the Text Inspector to Manage Alignment, Spacing, and Color
Aligning Text Horizontally
Aligning Text Vertically
Adjusting the Spacing Between Lines of Text
Adjusting the Spacing Before or After a Paragraph
Adjusting the Spacing Between Characters
Changing Text Color Using the Text Inspector
Setting Tab Stops to Align Text
Setting a New Tab Stop
Changing a Tab Stop
Deleting a Tab Stop
Setting Indents
Setting Indents for Paragraphs
Changing the Inset Margin of Text in Objects
Setting Indents for Lists
Using Bulleted, Numbered, and Ordered Lists (Outlines)
Generating Lists Automatically
Using Bulleted Lists
Using Numbered Lists
Using Ordered Lists (Outlines)
Using Text Boxes and Shapes to Highlight Text
Adding Free Text Boxes
Presenting Text in Columns
Putting Text Inside a Shape
Formatting a Text Box or Shape
Using Hyperlinks
Linking to a Webpage
Linking to a Preaddressed Email Message
Linking to a Slide
Linking to a Keynote File
Using a Hyperlink to Stop a Slideshow
Underlining Hyperlink Text
Automatically Substituting Text
Inserting a Nonbreaking Space
Checking for Spelling Mistakes
Finding Misspelled Words
Working with Spelling Suggestions
Finding and Replacing Text
Contents
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Chapter 4 68 Working with Sound, Movies, Graphics, and Other Objects
68
Selecting Objects
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Copying or Duplicating Objects
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Deleting Objects
69
Moving Objects
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Moving an Object Forward or Backward (Layering Objects)
70 Aligning Objects
70 Aligning Objects on a Slide Relative to One Another
71 Spacing Objects Evenly on a Slide
71 Using Alignment Guides
71 Creating Your Own Alignment Guides
72 Using Master Gridlines
72 Setting Precise Positions of Objects
73 Modifying Objects
73 Resizing Objects
74 Flipping and Rotating Objects
74 Changing the Style of Borders
75 Framing Objects
76 Adding Shadows
77 Adding a Reflection
77 Adjusting Opacity
78 Grouping and Locking Objects
78 Grouping and Ungrouping Objects
79 Locking and Unlocking Objects
79 Filling Objects
79 Filling an Object with Color
80 Using the Colors Window
81 Filling an Object with an Image
82 Using Shapes
82 Adding a Predrawn Shape
83 Adding a Custom Shape
84 Making Shapes Editable
84 Manipulating Points of a Shape
85 Reshaping a Curve
85 Reshaping a Straight Segment
85 Transforming Corner Points into Curved Points and Vice Versa
86 Editing Specific Predrawn Shapes
86 Editing a Rounded Rectangle
86 Editing Single and Double Arrows
87 Editing a Star
87 Editing a Polygon
88 Using Media Placeholders
89 Working with Images
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89 Importing an Image
90 Masking (Cropping) Images
90 Cropping an Image Using the Default (Rectangular) Mask
91 Masking an Image with a Shape
91 Unmasking an Image
92 Removing the Background or Unwanted Elements from an Image
93 Changing an Image’s Brightness, Contrast, and Other Settings
94 Using Sound and Movies
95 Adding Sound to a Slide
95 Adding a Soundtrack to a Slideshow
96 Adding a Movie
96 Adjusting Media Playback Settings
97 Adding Narration
98 Rerecording a Recorded Slideshow
98 Playing a Recorded Slideshow
99 Deleting a Recording
99 Adding Web Views
10 0 Making an Object a Hyperlink
Chapter 5 101 Using Motion in Slideshows
101 Adding Transitions Between Slides
10 2 Animating Slides with Object Builds
10 3 Moving Objects on or off Slides Using Build Effects
10 5 Animating Objects on Slides (Action Builds)
10 7 Making Objects Fade, Rotate, Grow, or Shrink
10 7 Animating Images Using Smart Builds
10 9 Reordering Object Builds
11 0 Activating Object Builds
111 Creating Builds That Interleave an Object’s Parts
111 Animating Specific Kinds of Objects
111 Creating Text Builds
112 Creating Table Builds
112 Creating Chart Builds
113 Creating Movie Builds
113 Deleting Object Builds
Chapter 6 114 Using Tables
11 4 About Tables
11 5 Working with Tables
11 5 Adding a Table
11 6 Using Table Tools
117 Resizing a Table
11 8 Moving Tables
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11 8 Copying Tables Among iWork Applications
11 8 Selecting Tables and Their Components
11 8 Selecting a Table
11 9 Selecting a Table Cell
11 9 Selecting a Group of Table Cells
11 9 Selecting a Row or Column
12 0 Selecting Table Cell Borders
12 0 Working with Content in Table Cells
12 0 Adding and Editing Cell Values
121 Working with Text in Cells
121 Working with Numbers in Cells
12 2 Working with Dates in Cells
12 2 Displaying Content Too Large for Its Cell
12 3 Formatting Cell Values
12 4 Using the Number Format
12 4 Using the Currency Format
12 4 Using the Percentage Format
12 5 Using the Date and Time Format
12 5 Using the Fraction Format
12 6 Using the Scientific Format
12 6 Using the Text Format
12 6 Monitoring Cell Values
12 7 Adding Images or Color to Cells
12 7 Autofilling Table Cells
12 8 Working with Rows and Columns
12 8 Adding Rows
12 8 Adding Columns
12 9 Deleting Table Rows and Columns
12 9 Using a Table Header Row or Column
12 9 Using a Footer Row
13 0 Resizing Table Rows and Columns
13 0 Alternating Row Colors
131 Working with Table Cells
131 Merging Table Cells
131 Splitting Table Cells
13 2 Formatting Table Cell Borders
13 2 Copying and Moving Cells
13 3 Sorting Table Cells
Chapter 7 134 Using Formulas and Functions in Tables
13 4 Using Formulas
13 5 Adding a Quick Formula
13 6 Performing a Basic Calculation Using Column Values
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13 6 Performing a Basic Calculation Using Row Values
13 6 Removing a Formula
13 7 Using the Formula Editor
13 7 Adding a New Formula with the Formula Editor
13 8 Editing a Formula with the Formula Editor
13 8 Using Cell References
13 8 Adding Cell References to a Formula
13 9 Copying or Moving Formulas with Cell References
13 9 Applying a Formula Once to Cells in a Column or Row
14 0 Handling Errors and Warnings
14 0 Using Operators
14 0 Performing Arithmetic Operations
141 Understanding the Arithmetic Operators
14 2 Understanding the Comparison Operators
14 3 Using Functions
Chapter 8 144 Using Charts
14 4 About Charts
14 6 Adding a Chart
14 7 Selecting a Chart Type
14 7 Picking an Initial Chart Type
14 8 Changing a Chart from One Type to Another
14 9 Editing Chart Data
14 9 Copying Data into the Chart Data Editor
14 9 Working with Rows and Columns in the Chart Data Editor
15 0 Formatting General Chart Attributes
15 0 Using a Legend
151 Using a Chart Title
151 Resizing a Chart
151 Rotating Charts
15 2 Adding Labels and Axis Markings
15 2 Showing Axes and Borders
15 2 Using Axis Titles
15 3 Showing Data Point Labels
15 3 Formatting the Value Axis
15 4 Placing Labels, Gridlines, and Tick Marks
15 5 Formatting the Elements in a Data Series
15 6 Formatting Titles, Labels, and Legends
15 6 Adding Descriptive Text to a Chart
15 6 Formatting Specific Types of Charts
15 6 Pie Charts
157 Selecting Individual Pie Wedges
157 Showing a Series Name in a Pie Chart
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157 Separating Individual Pie Wedges
15 8 Adding Shadows to Pie Charts and Wedges
15 8 Adjusting the Opacity of Pie Charts
15 8 Rotating 2D Pie Charts
15 9 Bar and Column Charts
15 9 Adjusting Spacing of Bar and Column Charts
15 9 Adding Shadows to Bar and Column Charts
160 Adjusting the Opacity of Bar and Column Charts
160 Area Charts and Line Charts
161 Scatter Charts
161 3D Charts
Chapter 9 163 Viewing, Printing, and Exporting Your Slideshow
163 Customizing a Presentation for an Audience
164 Creating Hyperlinks-Only Presentations
164 Creating Self-Playing Presentations
165 Setting Playback Options
166 Rehearsing and Viewing Presentations
166 Adding Presenter Notes
166 Rehearsing Your Presentation
167 Viewing a Presentation on Your Computer’s Display
167 Viewing a Presentation on an External Display or Projector
168 Tips for Using an External Display
169 Viewing the Same Presentation on Two Screens
17 0 Customizing the Presenter’s View
171 Setting the Screen Refresh Rate
171 Setting the Slide Size
17 2 Configuring Video Random Access Memory (VRAM)
17 2 Controlling Presentations
17 3 Controlling a Presentation with the Keyboard
17 3 Pausing and Resuming a Presentation
17 3 Stopping a Presentation
17 3 Advancing to the Next or Previous Build or Slide
174 Jumping to a Specific Slide
17 5 Showing the Pointer During a Presentation
17 5 Using Other Applications During a Presentation
17 5 Playing Movies and Sound
17 6 Printing Your Slides
17 8 Exporting a Slideshow to Other Formats
17 8 Sharing a Presentation Across Platforms
17 8 Creating a QuickTime Movie
18 0 Creating a PowerPoint Slideshow
18 0 Creating a PDF File
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181 Exporting Slides as Image Files
181 Creating a Flash Document
181 Creating an HTML Document
18 2 Publishing to YouTube
183 Sending a Presentation to iLife Applications
183 Creating an iDVD Project
183 Creating an iPhoto Album
18 4 Exporting to iWeb
185 Exporting to iTunes and iPod
185 Exporting to GarageBand
18 6 Saving a Presentation in iWork ’05 or iWork ’06 Format
Chapter 10 187 Designing Your Own Master Slides and Themes
187 Designing Master Slides and Themes
18 8 Using Master Slide Tools
18 9 Previewing Master Slides
19 0 Selecting Master Slides to Customize
19 0 Duplicating a Master Slide
19 0 Importing a Slide or Master Slide
191 Creating a Master Slide from Scratch
191 Customizing Master Slide Layouts
191 Defining Text Placeholders
191 Defining Media Placeholders
19 2 Defining Object Placeholders
19 2 Creating Background Elements on Master Slides
19 3 Adding Alignment Guides to Master Slides
19 3 Defining Default Attributes of Text and Objects
19 4 Defining Default Attributes of Text Boxes and Shapes
19 4 Defining Default Attributes of Imported Images
19 5 Defining Default Attributes of Tables
19 6 Defining Default Attributes of Charts
19 6 Defining Default Transitions
19 7 Creating Builds on Master Slides
19 7 Creating Custom Themes
19 7 Saving a Custom Theme
19 8 Creating a Theme from Scratch
19 8 Restoring Original Theme Attributes
Index 19 9
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Welcome to the
Keynote User’s Guide
This full-color PDF document provides extensive instructions
for using Keynote.
Before using this document, you may want to look at the Keynote tutorial in the
iWork ‘08 Getting Started book. It’s a quick way to prepare yourself to be a self-sufficient
Keynote user. The book also provides additional resources for getting acquainted with
Keynote, such as a tour of its features and how-to videos.
When you need detailed instructions to help you accomplish specific tasks, you’ll find
them in this user’s guide. Most of the tasks in this guide are also available in online
help.
Preface
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The following table tells you where to find information in this guide. In Keynote Help,
you can find information by browsing or searching.
For information about See
Using Keynote windows and
tools to create and format
documents
Creating and saving documents,
and managing slides
Formatting text in a Keynote
document
Using graphics, shapes, sound,
and more to enhance a
document
Adding transitions, special
effects, and animations to slides
Creating, organizing, and
formatting tables and table
values
Using formulas and functions for
calculations in tables
Creating charts to graphically
display numerical data
Sharing your Keynote document
with others
Creating a theme or template
from scratch
Chapter 1, “Keynote Tools and Techniques,” on page 14
Chapter 2, “Working with a Keynote Document,” on page 26
Chapter 3, “Working with Text,” on page 38
Chapter 4, “Working with Sound, Movies, Graphics, and Other
Objects,” on page 68
Chapter 5, “Using Motion in Slideshows,” on page 101
Chapter 6, “Using Tables,” on page 114
Chapter 7, “Using Formulas and Functions in Tables,” on page 134
Chapter 8, “Using Charts,” on page 144
Chapter 9, “Viewing, Printing, and Exporting Your Slideshow,” on
page 163
Chapter 10, “Designing Your Own Master Slides and Themes,” on
page 187
Preface Welcome to the Keynote User’s Guide 13
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1 Keynote Tools and Techniques
1
This chapter introduces you to the windows and tools you
use to create slideshows with Keynote.
Each slideshow you create is its own Keynote document. If you add movies, sounds, or
other media to your slideshow, you can save them as a part of the document so that
you can easily move the presentation from one computer to another.
About Themes and Master Slides
When you first open Keynote (by clicking its icon in the Dock or by double-clicking its
icon in the Finder), the Theme Chooser displays the built-in themes you can use.
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Each Keynote theme comprises a family of master slides with coordinated design
elements. Master slides are templates that provide predesigned layouts, fonts, textures,
chart properties, background colors, and more.
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When you want to create a slide with particular elements—such as a title, a block of
text, a bulleted list, or a graphic—you select the master slide that most resembles what
you need. Master slides contain placeholders, which you replace with your own
content.
Media placeholder
Placeholder text
for images, movies,
or other media files
 Placeholder text (“Double-click to edit”) shows what your text will look like. Double-
click this text and type your own. To learn more, see “Adding Text” on page 38.
 Media placeholders can hold images, audio files, and movies. Drag your own image or
movie to the placeholder. Although you can drag media files anywhere on a slide
(not only to a placeholder), using media placeholders automatically sizes and
positions the image or movie. To learn more, see “Using Media Placeholders” on
page 88.
You can also add your own elements, such as tables and other objects, to any slide.
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Most themes come with the following master slides:
Master slide Recommended use
Title & Subtitle Title page or section titles within your presentation
Title & Bullets Content
Title & Bullets - 2 Column Content you want to appear side by side
Bullets General content pages that require bulleted text; the text area fills
the entire slide
Blank Graphics-rich layouts
Title - Top or Center Title page or section titles within your presentation
Photo - Horizontal Horizontal photo with title below
Photo - Vertical Vertical photo with title and subtitle on the left
Title, Bullets & Photo Title page or section title with text and photo
Title & Bullets - Left or Right Content slides on which you can place bulleted text on the left or
right and a graphic on the other side of the slide
The Keynote Window
Your Keynote document window has features to help you develop and organize your
slideshow. You can show or hide each of these elements:
 A toolbar at the top of the window gives you fast access to the tools you need to
create your slides. See “The Toolbar” on page 21 to learn more.
 The slide navigator at the left side of the window provides a visual overview of your
slideshow. You can view a thumbnail of each slide or a text outline. See “Changing
Views” on page 18 for more information.
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The toolbar:
Customize it to
include the tools you
use most often.
The slide navigator:
See a visual overview of
your slide presentation.
You can view a
thumbnail of each slide
or a text outline.
Change the size of the
slide thumbnails.
 You can write notes about individual slides in the presenter notes field. You can refer
to these notes during a presentation; the audience won’t see them. For more
information, see “Adding Presenter Notes” on page 166.
The slide canvas:
Create each slide by typing text
and adding objects and media.
The presenter notes field:
Add notes about individual slides. You can
refer to these notes during your
presentation—the audience won’t see them.
Here are ways to show or hide these elements:
m To show or hide the toolbar, choose View > Show Toolbar or View > Hide Toolbar.
m To show the slide navigator, choose View > Navigator or View > Outline. To hide the
slide navigator, choose View > Slide Only.
m To show or hide presenter notes, choose View > Show Presenter Notes or View > Hide
Presenter Notes.
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Zooming In or Out
You can enlarge (zoom in) or reduce (zoom out) your view of the slide canvas.
Here are ways to zoom in or out:
m Choose View > Zoom > zoom level.
m Choose a magnification level from the Zoom pop-up menu at the bottom left of the
slide canvas.
Changing Views
Keynote offers several ways to view, manage, and organize the slides in a Keynote
document: navigator view, outline view, and light table view. You can also view only
the slide canvas.
To change from one view to the other:
m Click View in the toolbar and choose an option (or choose View > Navigator, Outline,
Light Table, or Slide Only).
Navigator View
Navigator view displays thumbnail images of each slide and is useful for slideshows
that contain a lot of graphics, tables, and other objects. This view provides a good
visual overview of your slides but you might not be able to read all the text in the
thumbnails.
See the graphics
on each of your
slides at a glance.
Organize slides into
groups by indenting
them. To indent a slide,
drag it or select it
and press Tab.
Click the disclosure
triangle to show
or hide groups of
indented slides.
Display thumbnails in
different sizes.
Drag this handle down
to display master slides.
The slide selected
here is the one you
are working on.
Skip a slide during a
presentation by choosing
Slide > Skip Slide.
You can manipulate slides in the slide navigator to rearrange and organize your slides.
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Here are ways to work with navigator view:
m To show navigator view, click View in the toolbar and choose Navigator, or choose
View > Navigator.
m To rearrange or indent slides, drag them.
m To show or hide groups of slides (indented slides and their “parent” slide), click the
disclosure triangles.
m To enlarge or shrink the thumbnail images, click the button in the lower-left corner and
choose a size.
m To duplicate one or more adjacent slides, select them and choose Edit > Duplicate. The
duplicates are inserted following the selected slides.
m To copy and paste one or more adjacent slides, select them, choose Edit > Copy, select
the slide after which you want to paste the copied slides, and choose Edit > Paste.
m To show master slides (useful if you create your own master slides or themes), drag the
handle at the top right of the slide navigator, or click View in the toolbar and choose
Show Master Slides. See “Designing Master Slides and Themes” on page 187 for details.
Outline View
Outline view is most useful for visualizing the flow of text-rich presentations. It displays
the title and bullet-point text of each slide in your slideshow. All the titles and bullet
points appear legibly in the slide navigator.
In outline view, you see
the text in titles and
bullet points. You can
add or edit text directly
in outline view.
Drag bullets left or right
to move them to a
higher or lower outline
level. You can even drag
bullets from one slide to
another.
Double-click a slide icon
to hide its bulleted text
in the slide navigator.
Outline view provides an easy way to order and reorder your bullet points as you
organize your presentation. You can add bullet points to existing text directly in the
slide navigator. You can also drag bullets from one slide to another, or drag them to a
higher or lower level within the same slide.
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Here are ways to work with outline view:
m To show outline view, click View in the toolbar and choose Outline (or choose View >
Outline).
m To change the font used in outline view, choose Keynote > Preferences, click General,
and then choose a font and size from the Outline View Font pop-up menus.
m To print the outline view, choose File > Print. In the Print dialog, choose Keynote from
the Copies & Pages pop-up menu, and then select Outline.
Light Table View
If your slideshow contains many slides and you want to see more thumbnails at the
same time, use light table view. You can easily reorder slides by dragging, as if the
slides were spread out on a photographer’s light table.
Here are ways to work with light table view:
m To show light table view, click View in the toolbar and choose Light Table (or choose
View > Light Table).
m To enlarge or shrink the thumbnail images, click the button in the lower left of the
window and choose a size.
m To edit a slide or return to your previous view (navigator or outline), double-click a
slide.
In light table view, you can add, delete, duplicate, skip, and reorder slides just as you
can in navigator and outline views.
Jumping to a Particular Slide
As you work on your document, you can easily jump to any slide.
Here are ways to jump to a particular slide:
m In navigator or outline view, click a thumbnail in the slide navigator to jump to any
slide.
m Choose Slide > Go To and choose one of the options (Next Slide, Previous Slide,
First Slide, or Last Slide).
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The Toolbar
The Keynote toolbar provides one-click access to many of the actions you’ll perform as
you work in Keynote. You can add, remove, and rearrange toolbar buttons to suit your
working style.
The default set of toolbar buttons is shown below.
Add slides.
Crop or remove
unwanted parts
of a photo.
Animate
collections of
images.
Open tool
windows.
Turn a group of objects into
one object (or one into its
components); layer objects.
Play slideshow.
Choose a new view,
theme, or master slide.
Add a free text box,
shape, table, chart,
or comment.
To customize the toolbar:
1 Choose View > Customize Toolbar, or Control-click the toolbar and choose
Customize Toolbar.
2 Make changes to the toolbar as desired.
To add an item to the toolbar, drag its icon to the toolbar at the top.
To remove an item from the toolbar, drag it out of the toolbar.
To restore the default set of toolbar buttons, drag the default set to the toolbar.
To make the toolbar icons larger, deselect Use Small Size.
To display only icons or only text, choose an option from the Show pop-up menu.
To rearrange items in the toolbar, drag them.
3 When you’re finished, click Done.
Show or hide
Format Bar.
Here are some shortcuts for customizing the toolbar without choosing View >
Customize Toolbar:
 To remove an item, press the Command key while you drag the item out of the
toolbar, or Control-click the item and then choose Remove.
 To move an item, press the Command key while you drag the item.
To see a description of what a toolbar button does, hold the pointer over it.
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The Format Bar
Use the Format Bar to quickly change the appearance of text, tables, charts, and other
elements in your slideshow.
Here are ways to show and hide the Format Bar:
m Choose View > Show Format Bar or View > Hide Format Bar.
m Click the Format Bar button in the toolbar.
The controls in the Format Bar depend on which object is selected. To see a description
of what a Format Bar control does, hold the pointer over it.
Here’s what the Format Bar looks like when text or graphical objects are selected.
Change the font,
font style, font size,
and color.
Align selected text.
Choose the line
spacing and the
number of columns.
Format text box and
shape borders.
Adjust opacity and
shadow of text boxes.
Here’s what the Format Bar looks like when a table is selected.
Format text in
table cells.
Set the number of
rows and columns.
Arrange text in
table cells.
Format cell
borders.
Manage headers
and footers.
Add background
color to a cell.
Add background color to
text boxes and shapes.
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The Inspector Window
Most elements of your slideshow can be formatted using the Keynote inspectors. Each
inspector focuses on a different aspect of formatting. For example, the Document
Inspector contains settings for the entire slideshow.
Click one of these
buttons to display a
different inspector.
Opening multiple Inspector windows can make it easier to work on your document. For
example, if you open both the Graphic Inspector and the Text Inspector, you’ll have
access to all the text- and image-formatting options.
Here are ways to open an Inspector window:
m Click Inspector in the toolbar.
m To open more than one Inspector window, press the Option key while clicking an
Inspector button, or choose View > New Inspector.
After the Inspector window is open, click one of the buttons at the top to display a
different inspector. Clicking the second button from the left, for example, displays the
Slide Inspector.
Hold your pointer over buttons and other controls in the Inspector to see a description
of what they do.
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The Media Browser
The Media Browser provides access to all the media files in your iPhoto library, your
iTunes library, your Aperture library, and your Movies folder. You can drag an item from
the Media Browser to a slide or to an image well in an inspector.
Click a button to view the files in
your iTunes library, your iPhoto
library, your Aperture library, or
your Movies folder.
Drag a file to your
document.
Search for a file.
To open the Media Browser:
m Click Media in the toolbar, or choose View > Show Media Browser.
The Colors Window
You use the Mac OS X Colors window to choose colors for text, objects, and lines.
To open the Colors window:
m Click Colors in the toolbar.
For more information, see “Using the Colors Window” on page 80.
The Font Panel
Using the Mac OS X Font panel—accessible from any application—you can change a
font’s typeface, size, and other options.
To open the Font panel:
m Click Fonts in the toolbar.
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For more information about using the Font panel and changing the look of text, see
“Using the Font Panel to Format Text” on page 42.
The Warnings Window
When you import a document into Keynote, or export a Keynote document to another
format, some elements might not transfer identically. The Warnings window lists any
problems encountered. You might get warnings in other situations, such as saving a
document in an earlier version of the application.
If problems are encountered, you’ll see a message enabling you to review the warnings.
If you choose not to review them, you can see the Warnings window at any time by
choosing View > Show Document Warnings.
If you see a warning about a missing font, you can select the warning and click Replace
Font to choose a replacement font.
You can copy warning messages and paste them into a document for reference later;
these messages could be useful for diagnosing problems.
Keyboard Shortcuts and Shortcut Menus
You can use the keyboard to perform many of the Keynote menu commands and tasks.
To see a comprehensive list of keyboard shortcuts, open Keynote and choose Help >
Keyboard Shortcuts.
Many objects also have shortcut menus with commands you can use on the object.
Shortcut menus are especially useful for working with tables and charts.
To open a shortcut menu:
m Press the Control key while you click an object.
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2 Working with a Keynote
Document
2
This chapter explains how to create, open, import, and save
Keynote documents. It also describes how to add and
organize slides, and how to change a slide’s theme, layout, or
master.
Before you start working in Keynote, you may want to go through the tutorial in the
iWork ’08 Getting Started book. It will help you become self-sufficient in Keynote quickly.
Creating or Opening a Slideshow
Each slideshow you create is its own Keynote document. You can create a slideshow by
doing any of the following:
 Create a new Keynote document
 Import a document created in PowerPoint or AppleWorks
 Open an existing Keynote document
1 If Keynote isn’t open, open it by clicking its icon in the Dock or double-clicking its icon
2 In the Theme Chooser, select a theme and click Choose.
26
Creating a New Keynote Document
To create a new Keynote document:
in the Finder.
If Keynote is already open, choose File > New.
You can change a slideshow’s theme at any time (see “Changing a Slide’s Theme,
Master, or Layout” on page 34), and you can use more than one theme in a document
(see “Using Multiple Themes” on page 35).
In the Theme Chooser, you can also choose a slide size (see “Setting the Slide Size” on
page 171).
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∏ Tip: You can set up Keynote to use the same theme when you create a new document.
Choose Keynote > Preferences, click General, select “Use theme,” and then choose a
theme. To change the theme, click Choose.
Importing a Slideshow
If you already have a slide presentation that you created in Microsoft PowerPoint or
AppleWorks, you can import it into Keynote and continue to work on it.
Here are ways to import a PowerPoint or an AppleWorks document:
m In Keynote, choose File > Open. In the Open dialog, find the document you want to
import and click Open.
m In the Finder, drag the PowerPoint or AppleWorks document icon to the Keynote
application icon.
Opening an Existing Keynote Document
There are several ways to open a document that was created using Keynote.
Here are ways to open a Keynote document:
m To open a document when you’re working in Keynote, choose File > Open, select the
document, and then click Open.
m To open a document you’ve worked with recently, choose File > Open Recent and
choose the document from the submenu.
m To open a Keynote document from the Finder, double-click the document icon or drag
it to the Keynote application icon.
You can open a Keynote document created using an older version of Keynote (from
iWork ’05 or iWork ’06). To preserve the document to for use with iWork ’05 or
iWork ’06, save it in the same format. See “Saving a Presentation in iWork ’05 or
iWork ’06 Format” on page 186.
If you see a message that a font or file is missing, you can still use the document.
Keynote substitutes fonts for missing fonts. To use missing fonts, quit Keynote and add
the fonts to your Fonts folder (for more information, see Mac Help). To make missing
movies or sound files appear, add them to the document.
Saving Documents
Graphics and chart data are saved within a Keynote document, so they display correctly
if the document is opened on another computer. Fonts, however, are not included as
part of the document. If you transfer a Keynote document to another computer, make
sure the fonts used in the document have been installed in the Fonts folder of that
computer.
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By default, audio and movie files are saved with Keynote documents, but you can
change this setting. If you don’t save media files with the document, you need to
transfer them separately to view the document on another computer.
Saving a Document
It’s a good idea to save your document often as you work. After you’ve saved it for the
first time, you can press Command-S to re-save it using the same settings.
To save a document for the first time:
1 Choose File > Save, or press Command-S.
2 In the Save As field, type a name for the document.
3 If the location you want isn’t visible in the Where pop-up menu, click the disclosure
triangle to the right of the Save As field.
4 Choose where you want to save the document.
5 If you want the document to be opened using Keynote in iWork ’05 or iWork ’06, select
“Save a copy as” and choose iWork ’05 or iWork ’06.
6 If you or someone else will open the document on another computer, click Advanced
Options and set up options that determine what’s copied into your document.
Copy audio and movies into document: Selecting this checkbox saves audio and video
files with the document, so the files play if the document is opened on another
computer. You might want to deselect this checkbox so that the file size is smaller, but
media files won’t play on another computer unless you transfer them as well.
Copy theme images into document: If you don’t select this option and you open the
document on a computer that doesn’t have the same theme installed (if you created
your own theme, for example), the document might look different.
7 Click Save.
If the document was created using an earlier version of Keynote, you are asked
whether to save the document in the same format.
You can generally save Keynote documents only to computers and servers that use
Mac OS X. Keynote is not compatible with Mac OS 9 computers or Windows servers
running Services for Macintosh. To open a Keynote document on a Windows computer,
try using AFP server software available for Windows.
If you plan to share the document with others who don’t have Keynote installed on
their computers, you can export it for use in another application. To learn about
exporting your document in other file formats (including QuickTime, PowerPoint, PDF,
and Flash), see “Sharing a Presentation Across Platforms” on page 178.
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Undoing Changes
If you don’t want to save changes you made to your document since opening it or last
saving it, you can undo them.
Here are ways to undo changes:
m To undo your most recent change, choose Edit > Undo.
m To undo multiple changes, choose Edit > Undo multiple times. You can undo any
changes you made since opening the document or reverting to the last saved version.
m To undo one or more Edit > Undo operations, choose Edit > Redo one or more times.
m To undo all changes you made since the last time you saved your document, choose
File > “Revert to Saved” and then click Revert.
Saving a Copy of a Document
If you want to make a copy of your document—to create a backup copy or multiple
versions, for example—you can save it using a different name or location. (You can also
automate saving a backup version, as “Automatically Saving a Backup Version of a
Document” describes.)
To save a copy of a document:
m Choose File > Save As and specify a name and location.
The document with the new name remains open. To work with the previous version,
choose File > Open Recent and choose the previous version from the submenu.
Automatically Saving a Backup Version of a Document
Each time you save a document, you can save a copy without the changes you made
since last saving it. That way, if you change your mind about edits you have made, you
can go back to (revert to) the backup version of the document.
Here are ways to create and use a backup version:
m To automatically save a backup version of a document, choose Keynote > Preferences,
click General, and then select “Back up previous version.”
The next time you save your document, a backup version is created in the same
location, with “Backup of” preceding the filename. Only one version—the last saved
version—is backed up. Every time you save the document, the old backup file is
replaced with the new backup file.
m To revert to the last saved version after making unsaved changes, choose File > Revert
to Saved. The changes in your open document are undone.
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Saving a Document as a Theme
You can modify a theme and then save it so that it appears in the Theme Chooser and
you can use it again.
To save a document as a theme:
m Choose File > Save Theme.
See “Designing Master Slides and Themes” on page 187 for additional details.
Saving Search Terms for a Document
You can store information—such as author name, keywords, and comments—in
Keynote documents. On computers with Mac OS X, you can use Spotlight to locate
documents containing that information.
To store information about a document:
1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Document Inspector button.
2 Click Spotlight.
3 Type information in the fields.
To search for presentations containing stored information, click the Spotlight icon at
the top-right of the screen, and then type what you want to search for.
Closing a Document Without Quitting Keynote
When you have finished working with a document, you can close it without quitting
Keynote.
Here are ways to close documents and keep the application open:
m To close the active document, choose File > Close or click the close button in the
upper-left corner of the document window.
m To close all open Keynote documents, press the Option key and choose File > Close All
or click the active document’s close button.
If you’ve made changes since you last saved the document, Keynote prompts you to
save.
Adding, Deleting, and Organizing Slides
Each new slide you create uses one of the Keynote master slides (templates). Each
master slide has certain elements on it, such as a title, bulleted text, and media
placeholders (containing photos). When you create a new Keynote document, the first
slide automatically uses the Title & Subtitle master slide.
You can change a slide’s master at any time (see “Applying a New Master to a Slide” on
page 35).
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After you create a new slide, you customize it by adding your own text, images, shapes,
tables and charts, and more.
Adding Slides
Here are ways to add a slide:
m Select a slide in the slide navigator and press Return.
m Select a slide and click the New (+) button in the toolbar.
m Select a slide and choose Slide > New Slide.
m Press Option and drag a slide until you see a blue triangle. This action duplicates the
dragged slide.
m Select a slide and choose Edit > Duplicate.
These methods add the new slide after the slide selected in the slide navigator. To add
a slide in another location in your slideshow, use the Copy and Paste commands, or
drag the new slide where you want it.
In navigator or light table view, you can also create a new slide by dragging movie,
sound, or image files from the Media Browser to the desired location in the slide
navigator. (To open the Media Browser, click Media in the toolbar.)
When you add a new slide, it uses the master of the slide selected in the slide
navigator. (For new Keynote documents, the first slide uses the Title & Subtitle master
slide, and the second slide uses the Title & Bullets master.) You can change a slide’s
master at any time by clicking Masters in the toolbar and choosing a new master.
Reordering Slides
The navigator, outline, and light table views make it easy to reorder slides.
To reorder slides:
1 Click View in the toolbar and choose Navigator, Outline, or Light Table.
2 Select one or more slides and drag them to a new location.
Grouping Slides
In navigator view, you can create groups of slides by indenting them as many levels
deep as you need to. Indented (subordinate) slides are called “children.” Indenting
slides doesn’t affect how the slideshow plays.
To see navigator view, click View in the toolbar and choose Navigator.
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Here are ways to work with groups of slides in navigator view:
m To indent slides, select them and press Tab or drag the slides to the right.
You can create more indent levels by pressing Tab again or dragging farther to the
right. However, you can indent a slide only one level deeper than the slide above it.
m To remove an indent, drag the slides to the left or press Shift-Tab.
m To show or collapse (hide) a group of slides, click the disclosure triangle to the left of
the first slide above the group.
If a group of slides is collapsed so that you see only the top slide in the navigator view,
deleting the top slide deletes all its children, too. If the group isn’t collapsed, deleting
the top slide moves all its children up one level.
m To move a group of slides, select the first slide in the group (in navigator view) and
drag the group to a new location in the slide navigator.
Deleting Slides
You can delete a single slide or a group of slides.
Here are ways to delete slides:
m To delete a slide, select the slide in the slide navigator and press the Delete key. You
can Shift-click to select multiple slides to delete.
If you delete the first slide in a group while the subordinate slides (children) are visible
in the slide navigator, the children are moved up by one outline level.
m To delete a slide and all its children, hide them (click the arrow to the left of the top
slide) and press the Delete key.
If you accidentally delete slides, you can recover them immediately by choosing Edit >
Undo Delete.
Skipping Slides
You can skip a slide when your slideshow plays without deleting the slide from your
document.
To skip one or more slides:
m Select the slide(s) in the slide navigator or light table view, and then choose Slide >
Skip Slide.
m Control-click the slide and choose Skip Slide.
To make a skipped slide visible in a slideshow, select it and then choose Slide > Don’t
Skip Slide (or Control-click the slide and choose Don’t Skip Slide).
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Adding Slide Numbers
You can add numbers (similar to page numbers) to individual slides. Or you can turn on
numbering for a master slide so that each new slide based on that master
automatically gets an ascending slide number.
Here are ways to add slide numbers:
m Select a slide in the slide navigator, open the Slide Inspector, click Appearance, and
then select Slide Number. The number assigned reflects the location of the slide in the
organizer (skipped slides aren’t numbered).
m To add slide numbers to a master slide, click View in the toolbar and choose Show
Master Slides. In the master slide navigator, select the master slide you want to modify.
Open the Slide Inspector, click Appearance, and then select Slide Number.
You can drag the number wherever you like on the slide, and you can use the Font
panel to format the number.
Using Comments
As you work on your slideshow, you can add comments to slides. For example, you
could use comments to remind yourself of changes you want to make to the slide.
(Comments are different from presenter notes; see “Adding Presenter Notes” on
page 166.)
Add comments to slides.
You can easily show and
hide comments.
You can move comments anywhere on the slide canvas. If you have your own presenter
display while making a presentation, you can see your comments but your audience
can’t.
Comments are always on top of the slide canvas, so they may obscure parts of your
slide. Simply drag the comments out of the way, hide them, or resize them.
Here are ways to work with comments:
m To add a comment, click Comment in the toolbar or choose Insert > Comment. Type a
note, idea, or reminder, and then drag the comment wherever you want to place it on
the canvas.
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m To hide or show comments, click View in the toolbar and choose Hide Comments or
Show Comments.
m To resize a comment, drag the lower-right corner.
m To delete a comment, click the x icon in the upper-right corner.
m To format a comment, see instructions in “Formatting Text Size and Appearance” on
page 40 and “Filling an Object with Color” on page 79.
m To print with comments showing, make sure the comments are visible on the slide
canvas before you print.
Copying or Moving Items Among Slides
You can take text or an object from one slide and place it on another slide.
Here are ways to copy and move text and objects:
m To copy (or cut) and paste text or an object, select the text or object and choose Edit >
Copy or Edit > Cut. Click where you want to paste the text or object and choose Edit >
Paste.
This method retains the text’s formatting. To have copied text take on the formatting of
the text around it, choose Edit > “Paste and Match Style.”
m To delete text or an object, select it and choose Edit > Delete, or press the Delete key.
If you accidentally delete something, choose Edit > Undo to restore it.
m To copy an image between Keynote documents, select the image and drag its icon
from the File Info field in the Metrics Inspector to a slide in the other Keynote file.
When you use the Copy or Cut command, the selected text or object is placed in a
holding area called the Clipboard, where it remains until you choose Copy or Cut again
(or turn off your computer). The Clipboard holds the contents of only one copy or cut
operation at a time.
Changing a Slide’s Theme, Master, or Layout
You can change a slide’s theme, master, or layout at any time.
 Theme: Choose a different theme when you want to change a slide’s overall look and
feel—for example, its background color, fonts, and “tone” (professional or fun).
 Master: Change a slide’s master when you want to use a different predefined layout.
For example, you could change a slide’s master to orient a large photo vertically
instead of horizontally.
 Layout: Change a slide’s layout when you want to add, delete, or modify slide
elements such as text boxes and object placeholders.
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Changing the Theme
You can change a slide’s theme at any time by selecting it and choosing another theme
using the Themes button in the toolbar. To retain formatting changes you’ve already
made, or to change a whole slideshow’s theme, follow these steps.
To change a slide’s or a slideshow’s theme:
1 In the slide navigator, select the slide or slides whose theme you want to change. (If
you want to change all slides, skip this step.)
2 Click Themes in the toolbar and choose Theme Chooser.
3 Select a new theme.
4 If you made formatting changes that you don’t want to keep in the new theme (for
example, if you made body text brown but you want the text to use the new theme’s
text color), deselect “Retain changes to theme defaults.”
5 Choose All Slides or Selected Slides from the Apply Theme To pop-up menu.
You can use multiple themes in the same slideshow by applying a new theme to only
some of the slides.
6 Click Choose to apply the new theme.
To return a slide to its theme defaults, select the slide and choose Format > Reapply
Master to Slide.
Using Multiple Themes
You can use multiple themes in a slideshow to visually segregate slides into groups.
To use different themes for different slides in your slideshow:
1 In the slide navigator, select the slide or slides you want to have a different theme.
(Shift-click or Command-click to select multiple slides.)
2 Click Themes in the toolbar and choose a new theme.
You can also click Themes in the toolbar, choose Theme Chooser, and then choose
Selected Slides from the Apply Theme To pop-up menu.
Applying a New Master to a Slide
You can change a slide’s master at any time. For example, you might want to change a
Photo master from horizontal to vertical.
To quickly choose another master, select the slide whose master you want to change,
click Masters in the toolbar, and then choose a different master slide.
You can also use the Slide Inspector to change a slide’s master.
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To change a slide’s master using the Slide Inspector:
1 Select the slide whose layout you want to change.
2 Choose View > Show Inspector, and then click the Slide Inspector button.
3 Click Appearance.
4 To apply a different master slide, click the triangle next to the slide thumbnail image
and choose one from the pop-up list.
Changing a Slide’s Layout
You can easily add a preformatted title box, body text box, object placeholder, or slide
number to individual slides.
To change a slide’s layout:
1 Select the slide whose layout you want to change.
2 Choose View > Show Inspector, and then click the Slide Inspector button.
3 Click Appearance.
Choose a slide layout
from among the
master slides.
Choose a background
color or image.
Drag an image here
from the Media Browser
or the Finder.
4 To add a title box or other elements to the slide, use the checkboxes below the master
slide thumbnail image.
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5 To apply a background, choose a background type from the Background pop-up menu.
Color Fill: Makes the background a single, solid color. Click the color well and choose a
color in the Colors window.
Gradient Fill: Colors the background with a color gradient. Click each color well and
choose colors in the Colors window.
Image Fill: Uses your own image as a background. Click Choose and select an image.
Tinted Image Fill: Uses your own image with a semi-opaque color tint over it. Click
Choose and select an image.
If you chose Image Fill or Tinted Image Fill, choose a scaling option from the pop-up
menu. See “Filling an Object with an Image” on page 81 for more information.
You can also modify a slide’s master slide, or even create a new one. See “Designing
Master Slides and Themes” on page 187 for more information.
Making the Same Change on Multiple Slides
You can quickly make the same change—for example, resizing text, repositioning a
graphic, or using a different background color—on many slides by modifying the
master on which the slides are based.
To make the same change on multiple slides:
1 Select a slide you want to modify.
2 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Master Slides.
3 In the slide navigator, click the master slide used for the selected slide (the master slide
has a checkmark next to it).
4 Make your changes to the master slide.
All slides based on that master inherit the changes you make to the master slide.
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3 Working with Text
3
This chapter describes how to add and modify the
appearance of text, including lists.
In Keynote, you can place text in text boxes, table cells, and shapes.
Adding Text
Master slides provide placeholder text (which you replace with your own) for slide titles
and body text.
Title text is larger than body text. Most body text is bulleted (preceded by a “dot” or
other ornament), but you can change to non-bulleted text using the Bullets pane in the
Text Inspector.
m To add title text, double-click in a title text placeholder on the slide canvas and type
m To add body text, double-click in a body text placeholder on the slide canvas and begin
m To move to the next line, press Return.
m To indent a line, press Tab. To “outdent” an indented line, press Shift-Tab.
38
Here are ways to add text to a slide:
your text.
typing.
Page 39
m To move a bulleted line to a higher indent level, press Shift-Tab.
Double-click in a title text box and
type a title. The font and text size
are already set for you.
Double-click in a body text
box and type to create text.
The font, text size, and other
attributes are already set.
If the slide you’re working on doesn’t have title text or body text, you can either choose
a different master or select Title or Body in the Appearance pane of the Slide Inspector.
You can also add a free text box to the slide canvas. The text in free text boxes doesn’t
appear in outline view.
Selecting Text
Before you format or perform other operations on text, you need to select the text you
want to work with.
Here are ways to select text:
m To select one or more characters, click in front of the first character and drag across the
characters you want to select.
m To select a word, double-click the word.
m To select a paragraph, click three times in the paragraph.
m To select all text in a document, choose Edit > Select All.
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m To select blocks of text, click the start of a text block, and then click the end of another
text block while holding down the Shift key.
m To select from the insertion point to the beginning of the paragraph, press the Up
Arrow key while holding down the Shift and Option keys.
m To select from the insertion point to the end of the paragraph, press the Down Arrow
key while holding down the Shift and Option keys.
m To extend the selection one character at a time, press the Left Arrow or Right Arrow key
while holding down the Shift key.
m To extend the selection one line at a time, press the Up Arrow or Down Arrow key
while holding down the Shift key.
m To select multiple words or blocks of text that are not next to each other, select the first
amount of text you want, and then select additional text while holding down the
Command key.
Deleting, Copying, and Pasting Text
The Edit menu contains commands that help you perform text editing operations.
Here are ways to edit text:
m To copy (or cut) and paste text, select the text and choose Edit > Copy or Edit > Cut.
Click where you want to paste the text.
To have the copied text retain its style formatting, choose Edit > Paste.
To have the copied text take on the style formatting of the text around it, choose Edit >
Paste and Match Style.
m To delete text, select the text and choose Edit > Delete or press the Delete key.
If you accidentally delete text, choose Edit > Undo to restore it.
When you use the Copy or Cut command, the selected text is placed in a holding area
called the Clipboard, where it remains until you choose Copy or Cut again or you turn
off your computer. The Clipboard holds the contents of only one copy or cut operation
at a time.
Formatting Text Size and Appearance
You can do all text formatting using the Keynote menus, the Text Inspector, or the Font
panel.
You can do basic text formatting using the commands in the menus. If you want to
change to a different font, or if you frequently change text formatting, it may be easier
to use the Font panel and Text Inspector to format text.
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Using the Format Menu to Format Text
The items in the Font submenu of the Format menu give you basic control over the size
and appearance of text.
Making Text Bold or Italic Using the Menus
You can make characters bold or italic.
To make text bold or italic:
1 Select the text you want to make bold or italic, or click where you want to type new
text.
2 Choose Format > Font > Bold. Or choose Format > Font > Italic.
Some fonts contain several bold and italic typefaces. To choose from a variety of bold
and italic typefaces, use the Font panel. See “Using the Font Panel to Format Text” on
page 42.
Creating Outlined Text Using the Menus
You can change text to appear as a stenciled outline.
To create outlined text:
1 Select the text you want to make outlined, or click where you want to type new text.
2 Choose Format > Font > Outline.
Underlining Text Using the Menus
You can underline text and then format the underline to change the underline style or
color.
To underline text:
1 Select the text you want to underline, or click where you want to type new text.
2 Choose Format > Font > Underline.
To modify the underline style or color, click Fonts in the toolbar and use the Text
Underline button in the Font panel. See “Using the Font Panel to Format Text” on
page 42.
Changing Text Size Using the Menus
You can change the point size of text to make the text larger or smaller.
To change the size of selected text:
1 Select the text you want to resize.
2 To change the text size in 1-point increments, choose Format > Font > Bigger. Or
choose Format > Font > Smaller.
You can also add Bigger and Smaller icons to the toolbar. Choose View > Customize
Toolbar, drag the icons to the toolbar, and then click Done.
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To specify a precise size for selected text, click Fonts in the toolbar and use the Size
controls in the Font panel. See “Using the Font Panel to Format Text” on page 42.
Making Text Subscript or Superscript Using the Menus
You can raise or lower text from its baseline.
To make text subscript or superscript:
1 Select the text you want to raise or lower, or click where you want to type new text.
2 To create a subscript or superscript that has a smaller font size than the text it
accompanies, choose Format > Font > Baseline > Subscript. Or choose Format > Font >
Baseline > Superscript.
3 To raise or lower text without reducing its font size, choose Raise or Lower from the
Baseline submenu.
4 To restore text to the same baseline as the body text, choose Use Default from the
Baseline submenu.
You can add Subscript and Superscript icons to the toolbar. Choose View > Customize
Toolbar, drag the icons to the toolbar, and click Done.
Changing Text Capitalization Using the Menus
You can quickly make blocks of text all uppercase or lowercase, or format text as a title.
To change text capitalization:
1 Select the text you want to change, or click where you want to type new text.
2 Choose Format > Font > Capitalization and choose an option from the submenu.
Choose All Caps to change the text to capitals.
Choose Small Caps to change the text to smaller capitals with larger capitals for
uppercase letters.
Choose Title to change the text to a title format, which capitalizes the first letter of each
word.
Choose None to change text from all capitals to initial caps. Uppercase characters, such
as the first word of each sentence, are capitals but the rest are lowercase.
Using the Font Panel to Format Text
The Mac OS X Font panel gives you access to all the fonts installed on your computer. It
provides a preview of the available typefaces (such as bold and italic) and sizes for each
font. The buttons in the Font panel let you add underlines, strikethrough lines, color,
and shadow to text. You can even change the background slide color in the Font panel.
For information on installing fonts, creating and managing font collections, or
troubleshooting font-related issues, see Mac Help.
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Create interesting
text effects using
these buttons.
To open the Font panel:
m Click Fonts in the toolbar.
Preview the selected typeface (you
might need to choose Show Preview
from the Action menu).
Apply a shadow to
selected text. Modify
the shadow using the
opacity, blur, offset, and
angle controls.
Select a font size to apply
to selected text in your
document.
The Action menu
Find fonts by typing
a font name in the
search field.
Select a typeface to
apply to selected text
in your document.
You can change the appearance of any text in your document by selecting it and then
selecting options in the Font panel. When you make formatting changes in the Font
panel, the selected text changes right away, so you can try different formatting options
and quickly see what looks best.
Here is a summary of what the text effects buttons do, from left to right:
 The Text Underline pop-up menu lets you choose an underline style (such as single
or double).
 The Text Strikethrough pop-up menu lets you choose a strikethrough style (such as
single or double).
 The Text Color pop-up menu lets you apply a color to text.
 The Document Color pop-up menu lets you apply a color behind a paragraph.
 The Text Shadow button applies a shadow to selected text.
 The Shadow Opacity, Shadow Blur, Shadow Offset, and Shadow Angle controls
control the appearance of the shadow.
If you don’t see the text effects buttons, choose Show Effects from the Action pop-up
menu in the lower-left corner of the Font panel.
Tips for Organizing Fonts
If you frequently use the Font panel, there are several techniques for saving time.
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Here are tips for using the Font panel:
m To quickly locate fonts you frequently use, organize them into font collections. Click the
Add (+) button to create a font collection, and then drag a typeface into the new
collection.
m To make it easy to change fonts often, leave the Font panel open. If it takes up too
much space on your screen, you can shrink it by dragging its resize control (the
bottom-right corner of the panel), so that only the font families and typefaces in your
selected font collection are visible. To close it, click the Fonts button again or the Close
button in the upper-left corner.
Changing Fonts Using the Font Panel
The Font panel gives you extensive control over fonts. Use size controls and
typography settings to customize the appearance of your text.
To modify the font of selected text:
1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.
2 In the Font panel, select a font style in the Family column and then select the typeface
in the Typeface column.
If you don't see all the font families you know are installed on your computer, select All
Fonts in the Collections column or type the name of the font you are looking for in the
search field at the bottom of the Font panel.
A preview of the selected font appears in the preview pane at the top of the Font
panel. If you don't see a preview pane, choose Show Preview from the Action pop-up
menu in the lower-left corner of the Font panel.
3 Adjust the font size using the size slider or other size controls.
4 Adjust the typography settings of the selected font by choosing Typography from the
Action pop-up menu. In the Typography window, click the disclosure triangles to see
and select the different typography effects that are available for the selected font.
Different fonts have different typography effects available. See “Using Advanced
Typography Features” on page 49 for more information.
Changing Underlining Using the Font Panel
You can use the Font panel to change the appearance of underlines.
To modify underlining of selected text:
1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.
2 Click the Text Underline button in the Font panel (the first button on the left), and
choose None, Single, or Double from the pop-up menu.
3 To change the underline color, choose Color from the Text Underline pop-up menu,
and then select a color in the Colors window.
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Adding a Strikethrough to Text Using the Font Panel
You can mark text with a strikethrough line, and make the line’s color different from the
text color.
To add a strikethrough to selected text:
1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.
2 Click the Text Strikethrough button (the second button from the left), and choose
None, Single, or Double from the pop-up menu. A single or double strikethrough
appears through the selected text in the same color as the text.
3 To change the strikethrough color, choose Color from the Text Strikethrough pop-up
menu, and then select a color in the Colors window. The strikethrough takes on the
color you select in the Colors window, but the text remains its original color.
Changing Text Color Using the Font Panel
Changes made to text color in the Font panel will override text color changes made in
the Text Inspector, and vice versa. (To read about changing color using the Text
Inspector, see “Changing Text Color Using the Text Inspector” on page 53.)
To modify the color of selected text:
1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.
2 Click the Text Color button menu in the Font panel (the third button from the left), and
then select a color in the Colors window. See “Using the Colors Window” on page 80
for instructions.
Changing the Paragraph Background Color Using the Font Panel
You can use the Font panel to add a color behind a paragraph.
To modify the background color of a selected paragraph:
1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.
2 Click the Document Color button in the Font panel (the fourth button from the left),
and then select a color in the Colors window. See “Using the Colors Window” on
page 80 for instructions.
Creating Shadows on Text Using the Font Panel
You can use the Font panel to create and format shadows on text.
To define shadows on selected text:
1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.
2 Click the Text Shadow button in the Font panel (the fifth button from the left).
3 Drag the shadow opacity slider (the first slider on the left) to the right to make the
shadow darker.
4 Drag the shadow blur slider (the middle slider) to the right to make the shadow more
diffuse.
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5 Drag the shadow offset slider (the third slider) to the right to separate the shadow from
the text.
6 Rotate the Shadow Angle wheel to set the direction of the shadow.
You can also set text shadows in the Graphic Inspector, as described in “Adding
Shadows” on page 76.
Changing the Font Used in Outline View
You can change the font used when you view your slideshow in outline view.
To change the outline view font:
1 Choose Keynote > Preferences.
2 If the General pane isn’t showing, click General.
3 Choose a font and font size from the Outline View Font pop-up menus.
Adding Accents and Special Characters
If you need to type characters with accent marks (such as ü), mathematical symbols,
arrows, or other special characters, you can use the International preferences pane or
the Character Palette. You can also see where characters are located on keyboards used
for other languages by using the Keyboard Viewer (for example, you can see how the
keys on an Italian keyboard are laid out). All of these are built-in tools of Mac OS X.
Adding Accent Marks
You can use the Keyboard Viewer available in System Preferences to add accent marks
to characters.
To add accent marks:
1 Choose Apple > System Preferences and click International.
2 Click Input Menu, then select the checkbox next to Keyboard Viewer.
3 Choose Show Keyboard Viewer from the Input menu on the right side of the menu bar
(the one that looks like a flag or alphabetical symbol).
The Keyboard Viewer shows the characters for your keyboard. (If you've selected a
different keyboard layout or input method in the Input menu, it shows the characters
for the selected keyboard layout). For example, if U.S. is chosen in the Input menu, you
see the characters that appear on a U.S. keyboard in the Keyboard Viewer.
4 To see the different accent marks that you can type highlighted in the Keyboard
Viewer, press Option, or the Option and Shift keys.
The accent mark keys appear with white outlines. Depending on your keyboard, you
may not need to press any of the modifier keys to see the accent keys.
5 Place the insertion point in your document where you want to type.
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6 Press the modifier key you pressed in step 4 (Shift, Option, Option-Shift, or none) and
press the key on your keyboard that is in the same place as the accent you see in the
Keyboard Viewer. Then release the modifier key and press the key for the character you
want to accent.
The accent key modifies the key you type next. For example, on a U.S. keyboard, to
make the é appear, press Option and E (the accent key), then press E (the key on which
you want that accent to appear).
Viewing Keyboard Layouts for Other Languages
You can use the Keyboard Viewer available in System Preferences to see where
characters are located on keyboards used for other languages.
You must have fonts installed for the language you want to see in the Keyboard Viewer.
To see keyboard layouts for different languages:
1 Choose Apple > System Preferences and click International.
2 Click Input Menu, then select the checkbox next to Keyboard Viewer.
3 To see the character layout on keyboards used in different countries, select the On
checkbox next to the country's keyboard layout or input method.
4 Choose Show Keyboard Viewer from the Input menu on the right side of the menu bar
(the one that looks like a flag or alphabetical character).
The Keyboard Viewer shows the characters for the keyboard layout or input method
selected in the Input menu. For example, if U.S. is chosen in the Input menu, you see
the characters that appear on a U.S. keyboard in the Keyboard Viewer.
5 To see the keyboard layout for a different country, choose its keyboard layout from the
Input menu.
Typing Special Characters and Symbols
Using the Mac OS X Character Palette, you can insert special characters, such as
mathematical symbols, letters with accent marks, arrows and other “dingbats,” and
more. You can also use this palette to enter Japanese, Traditional Chinese, Simplified
Chinese, and Korean characters, as well as characters from other languages.
To insert special characters or symbols:
1 Place the insertion point where you want the special character or symbol to appear.
2 Choose Edit > Special Characters to open the Character Palette (or choose Characters
from the Action pop-up menu in the lower-left corner of the Font panel).
3 Choose the type of characters you want to see from the View pop-up menu at the top
of the Character Palette. If you don't see the View menu, click the button in the upperright corner of the window to show the top portion of the window. Click this button
again to hide the top portion of the window.
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In Mac OS X version 10.4, the Character Palette looks like this:
4 Click an item in the list on the left to see the characters that are available in each
category.
5 Double-click the character or symbol on the right that you want to insert into your
document, or select the character and click Insert.
If the character or symbol has variations, they appear at the bottom of the window
when you click the Character Info triangle or Font Variation triangle at the bottom of
the palette. Double-click one to insert it in your document.
Using Smart Quotes
Smart quotes are opening and closing quotation marks that are curly; the opening
quotation marks are different from the closing marks. When you don’t use smart
quotes, the marks are straight and the opening and closing marks don’t differ.
Curly quotes
Straight quotes
To use smart quotes:
m Choose Keynote > Preferences, click Auto-Correction, and then select “Use smart
quotes.”
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Using Advanced Typography Features
Some fonts, such as Zapfino and Hoefler, have advanced typography features, which let
you create different effects. If you are using a font that has different typography effects
available, you can change many of them in the Font submenu of the Format menu. For
example, you may be able to adjust the following:
 Kern: Place characters closer together or farther apart.
 Ligature: Use or leave out stylish flourishes between letters or at the end or
beginning of lines that combine two or more text characters into one glyph.
With ligature
Without ligature
In the Ligature submenu, choose Use Default to use ligature settings specified in the
Typography window for the font you’re using, choose Use None to turn off ligatures
for selected text, or choose Use All to turn on additional ligatures for the selected
text.
 Baseline: Move text higher or lower than the text around it.
 Capitalization: Convert characters to all capital letters, small capital letters, or initial
capital letters (title style).
Advanced typography features are available in the Typography window.
To open the Typography window:
1 Click Fonts in the toolbar.
2 In the Font panel, choose Typography from the Action pop-up menu (in the lower-left
corner).
Adjusting Font Smoothing
If the fonts on your screen look fuzzy, blurry, or jagged, you may want to adjust the font
smoothing style or change the text size at which Mac OS X starts to smooth fonts.
To smooth the fonts on your screen:
1 Open System Preferences and click Appearance.
2 Choose a font smoothing style from the pop-up menu at the bottom. Depending on
the type of display you have, you may notice only small or no differences between
smoothing styles.
3 If you plan to use small font sizes in your document, choose a point size from the “Turn
off text smoothing for font sizes” pop-up menu. When text smoothing (or “antialiasing”)
is on, smaller fonts can be harder to read.
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The Text Inspector button
Setting Text Alignment, Spacing, and Color
The primary tool for adjusting text attributes is the Text Inspector. You can make some
horizontal alignment adjustments (such as centering text or aligning it on the left) by
using the Format menu.
Using the Text Inspector to Manage Alignment, Spacing, and Color
In the Text pane of the Text Inspector, you can change the text color and alignment.
You can also adjust the spacing between individual text characters and lines.
Horizontal alignment buttons:
Click to align selected text left, right,
center, or to the left and right, or using
using special table cell alignment.
Click to change the
color of selected text.
Character and
line spacing:
Adjust character, line,
and paragraph spacing
for selected text.
Vertical alignment buttons:
Click to align text to the top,
center, or bottom of a text
box, shape, or table cell.
Drag to adjust the amount of space
between text and the inside borders
of text boxes, table cells, and shapes.
To open the Text pane of the Text Inspector:
m Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then Click Text.
Aligning Text Horizontally
You can change the alignment of paragraphs in a column, table cell, text box, or shape
so that text is aligned to the left or right border, centered, or aligned on both left and
right (justified).
To align text left, center, right, or justified:
1 Select the text you want to change.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Text.
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3 Click one of the five horizontal alignment buttons, located to the right of the color well.
From left to right, these buttons have the following effects.
The Align Left button places each line of text against the left margin of the object.
The Center button sets the center of each line of text at the center of the object.
The Align Right button sets each line of text against the right margin of the object.
The Justify button spaces characters in each line so that the lines reach both the left
and right margins of the object.
The Auto Align Table Cell button left justifies text and right justifies numbers in a table
cell.
If you want to indent the first line of text in a paragraph, or learn how to undo
paragraph indenting, see “Setting Indents” on page 55.
You can also align text horizontally by choosing Format > Text > Align Left, Center, Align
Right, or Justify.
Aligning Text Vertically
You can change the alignment of text in a table cell, text box (except free text boxes),
or shape so that text is aligned to the top or bottom border, or centered between
them.
To align text to the top, center, or bottom of a text box, table cell, or shape:
1 Select the text box, table cell, or shape whose alignment you want to change.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Text.
3 Click one of the three vertical alignment buttons, located below Color & Alignment.
Adjusting the Spacing Between Lines of Text
You can increase or decrease the distance between lines of text.
To adjust spacing:
1 Select the text you want to change.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Text.
3 Move the Line slider left to decrease spacing or right to increase it.
To specify a precise line spacing value, type a point value in the Line field, or click the
Up Arrow or Down Arrow next to the field.
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4 Choose a line spacing option from the Line spacing pop-up menu that appears when
you click the text below the Line field.
Line field:
Type a value (or click the arrows)
to specify the space between
lines of text in a paragraph.
Line spacing pop-up menu:
Click the text below the Line
field and choose a line
spacing option.
Standard line spacing (Single, Double, Multiple): The space between lines is proportional
to font size. Use this when the relative distance between ascenders (parts of letters that
extend to the top of the line) and descenders (parts of letters that extend below the
line) should remain fixed. Single sets line spacing to single-space, and Double sets it to
double-spaced. Multiple lets you set line spacing values between single and double, or
greater than double.
At Least: The distance from one line to the next will never be less than the value you
set, but it may be larger for larger fonts in order to prevent overlapping text lines. Use
this when the distance between lines should remain fixed, but overlap is not desired if
the text gets large.
Exactly: The distance between the baselines.
Between: The value you set increases the space between the lines, instead of increasing
the height of the lines. By contrast, double-spacing doubles the height of each line.
Adjusting the Spacing Before or After a Paragraph
You can increase or decrease the spacing before or after paragraphs.
To adjust the amount of space before or after a paragraph:
1 Select the paragraphs you want to change.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Text.
3 Drag the Before Paragraph or After Paragraph slider. You can also specify a precise value
(5 pt, for example) in the text boxes.
If the Before Paragraph or After Paragraph values for adjacent paragraphs aren’t equal,
the higher spacing value will be used. For example, if the current paragraph’s Before
Paragraph value is 12 points and the paragraph preceding it has an After Paragraph
value of 14 points, the spacing between paragraphs will be 14 points.
Spacing before a paragraph does not appear if it’s the first paragraph in a text box,
shape, or table cell.
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To set spacing around text in boxes, shapes, and table cells, use the Inset Margin
control, described in “Changing the Inset Margin of Text in Objects” on page 56.
Adjusting the Spacing Between Characters
You can increase or decrease the amount of space between characters.
To adjust the amount of space between characters:
1 Select the text you want to change, or click where you want to type new text.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Text.
3 Drag the Character slider or specify a new percentage in the Character field.
You can also adjust the space between selected characters by choosing Format >
Font > Kern and choosing an option from the submenu.
Changing Text Color Using the Text Inspector
Changes made to text color in the Text Inspector will override text color changes made
in the Font panel, and vice versa. (To read about changing color using the Font panel,
see “Changing Text Color Using the Font Panel” on page 45.)
To change text color:
1 Select the text whose color you want to change, or click in the text to set the insertion
point.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Text.
3 Click the color well.
4 In the Colors window, select a color. See “Using the Colors Window” on page 80 for
more information.
Blue tab symbols
appear on the horizontal
ruler when you select
tabbed text.
Setting Tab Stops to Align Text
You can align text at specific points by setting tab stops in a text box, table cell, or
shape. To move the insertion point to a tab stop, press Option-Tab.
You can work with tab stop settings by manipulating the tab symbols on the horizontal
rulers. You can see symbols for existing tab stops on the horizontal ruler when you click
View in the toolbar, choose Show Rulers, and then select some text on a slide.
Left tab
Center tab
To set tab stops in lists, see “Using Bulleted, Numbered, and Ordered Lists (Outlines)” on
page 56.
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Right tab
Decimal tab
Page 54
Here are ways to work with rulers:
m To show or hide rulers, click View in the toolbar and choose Show Rulers or Hide Rulers.
m To change the units of measure in the rulers, choose Keynote > Preferences, click
Rulers, and choose an item from the Ruler Units pop-up menu.
m To display measurements as a percentage of the distance across, choose Keynote >
Preferences, click Rulers, and select “Display ruler units as percentage.”
m To place the ruler’s horizontal origin point at the center of the slide, choose Keynote >
Preferences, click Rulers, and select “Place origin at center of ruler.”
m To reuse ruler settings elsewhere in your document, choose Format > Text > Copy Ruler
and Format > Text > Paste Ruler.
When you change ruler settings in Keynote preferences, the new settings apply to all
slides viewed in Keynote until you change the settings again.
Setting a New Tab Stop
You use the horizontal ruler to add a new tab stop.
To create a new tab stop:
1 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Rulers.
2 Click the horizontal ruler to place a tab symbol where you want to set the tab stop.
If nothing happens, click in text to set the insertion point.
3 Control-click the tab symbol and choose an option from the shortcut menu.
Choose from among
these tab types.
Left Tab: Aligns the left side of text with the tab stop.
Center Tab: Places the center of text at the tab stop.
Right Tab: Aligns the right side of text with the tab stop.
Decimal Tab: For numbers, aligns the decimal character (such as a period or comma)
with the tab stop.
You can also double-click the tab symbol repeatedly until the type of tab you want
appears.
Changing a Tab Stop
You can change the location and type of tab stops using the horizontal ruler.
To change tab stops:
1 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Rulers.
2 To move a tab stop, drag its blue tab symbol in the horizontal ruler.
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3 To change the tab to a different type, Control-click the tab symbol and choose an
option from the shortcut menu. Or double-click the tab symbol in the ruler repeatedly
until the type of tab you want appears.
Deleting a Tab Stop
You can quickly remove a tab stop using the horizontal ruler.
To delete a tab stop:
1 Click View in the toolbar and choose Show Rulers.
2 Drag the tab symbol off the horizontal ruler.
Setting Indents
You can modify the amount of space between text and the inside border of a text box,
shape, or table cell.
Setting Indents for Paragraphs
You can change indentation by dragging the indentation controls on the text ruler.
To set indents using the rulers:
1 Click View in the toolbar, and then choose Show Rulers.
2 To change the right indent, drag the right indent icon (downward blue triangle on the
right side of the horizontal ruler) to the position where you want the right edge of the
paragraph to end.
Left indent
First line indent
Right indent
3 To change the left indent, drag the left indent icon (downward blue triangle on the left
side of the ruler) to where you want the left edge of the paragraph to begin.
To change the left margin independently from the left indent, hold down the Option
key as you drag.
4 To change the first line indent, drag the first line indent (blue rectangle) to where you
want the first line to start.
If you want the first line to remain flush with the left margin, make sure the rectangle
aligns with the left indent icon.
If you want to create a hanging indent, drag the rectangle to the left of the left indent
icon.
To use the ruler settings elsewhere in your document, choose Format > Text >
Copy Ruler and Format > Text > Paste Ruler.
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Changing the Inset Margin of Text in Objects
You can change the amount of space between text and the inside border of a text box,
shape, or table cell. This measurement is called the inset margin. The amount of space
you specify is applied equally around the text on all sides.
To set the spacing between text and the inside of a text box, shape, or table cell:
1 Select the text box, shape, or table cell. (If the insertion point is inside the object, press
Command-Return to get out of text editing mode and select the object.)
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Text.
3 Drag the Inset Margin slider to the right to increase the space between text and the
inside border of the object, or type a number in the Inset Margin box and press Return.
You can also click the arrows to increase and decrease space.
Specify how much space you
want around text inside a
text box, shape, or table cell.
Setting Indents for Lists
To indent bulleted lists, numbered lists, and ordered lists, you use the Text Inspector.
See “Using Bulleted, Numbered, and Ordered Lists (Outlines)” for details.
Using Bulleted, Numbered, and Ordered Lists (Outlines)
Keynote provides pre-formatted bullet and numbering styles for creating simple or
ordered lists (outlines). Bulleted and numbered lists are simple lists without nested
hierarchies of information like you would see in an outline.
Generating Lists Automatically
When you use automatic list generation, Keynote automatically formats a list for you
based on what you type. To use this feature, first choose Keynote > Preferences, click
Auto-Correction, and make sure that “Automatically detect lists” is selected.
Here are ways to automatically generate lists:
m To create a bulleted list, type a bullet (•), a space, some text, and then press Return. To
type a bullet, press Option-8.
m To create a list with labels that are asterisks (*) or hyphens (-), type an asterisk or a
hyphen, a space, some text, and then press Return.
m To create a list with labels that are numbers, letters, or Roman numerals, type the
number, letter, or Roman numeral; a period; a space; and some text. Then press Return.
You can use any of the character formats on the numbering style pop-up menu in the
Text Inspector. To access this menu, in the Text Inspector click Bullets and choose
Numbers from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu.
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m To return to regular text at the end of your list, press Return twice.
Using Bulleted Lists
Although you can use automatic list generation to create a simple bulleted list, using
the Text Inspector gives you many options for formatting bulleted lists
To add and format a bulleted list:
1 Place the insertion point where you want the list to begin.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Bullets.
3 Choose a bullet style from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu.
To use a typed character as a bullet, choose Text Bullets and choose a character from
the list or type a new character in the field.
To use one of the image bullets that comes with Keynote, choose Image Bullets and
choose an image from the scrolling list.
To use your own image as a bullet, choose Custom Image and choose an image in the
Open dialog that appears.
4 To change the size of an image bullet, specify a percentage of the original image size in
the Size field. Or, select the “Scale with text” checkbox and specify a percentage of the
text size; this option maintains the image-to-text size ratio of the bullets even if you
later change the font size of text.
5 To adjust the space between bullets and the left margin, use the Bullet Indent field. To
adjust the space between bullets and text, use the Text Indent field.
6 To position bullets higher or lower relative to text, use the Align field.
Use these techniques to add and indent bulleted items in your list:
 To add a new topic at the current indent level, press Return.
 To create an unbulleted paragraph within a topic, press Return while holding down
the Shift key.
 To enter a new topic at the next lower or higher indent level, press Return and click
one of the arrows adjacent to the Indent Level field. You can also click and hold a
bullet, and then drag to the right, to the left, down and to the right, or down and to
the left.
 To return to regular text at the end of your list, press Return twice, or press Return
and choose No Bullets from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu. You may also
need to adjust the indent level.
Using Numbered Lists
Although you can use automatic list generation to create a simple numbered list, using
the Text Inspector gives you many options for formatting numbered lists. See
“Generating Lists Automatically” on page 56 for information about automatic list
generation.
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To add and format a numbered list:
1 Place the insertion point where you want the list to begin.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Bullets.
3 Choose Numbers from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu, and then choose a
numbering style from the pop-up menu directly below it.
4 To adjust the space between numbers and the left margin, use the Number Indent
field. To adjust the space between numbers and text, use the Text Indent field.
Use these techniques to add and indent items in your list:
 To add a new topic at the current indent level, press Return.
 To create an unnumbered paragraph within a topic, press Return while holding
down the Shift key.
 To enter a new topic at the next lower or higher indent level, press Return and click
one of the arrows adjacent to the Indent Level field. You can also click and hold a
number, and then drag to the right, to the left, down and to the right, or down and
to the left.
 To return to regular text at the end of your list, press Return twice, or press Return
and choose No Bullets from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu. You may also
need to adjust the indent level.
 To add an existing paragraph to a numbered list, click the paragraph, choose a
numbering style, and click “Continue from previous.”
 To start a new numbered sequence in a list, click “Start at” and specify the number
you want the sequence to begin with.
If you want items in your list to have labeled subtopics (like in an outline), use an
ordered list instead of a numbered list.
Using Ordered Lists (Outlines)
Ordered lists (or outlines) provide different numbering styles for each indent level in a
list, allowing you to create a hierarchy of information. For example:
 You can create an outline using a numbering sequence such as the following as you
proceed from the highest level to lower levels: I, A, 1, a), (1), (a), i), (1), and (a).
 You can create a legal style outline, which appends an additional number or letter at
each lower level: 1, 1.1, 1.1.1 , and so on.
You can add and format ordered lists using the Text Inspector.
To add and format an ordered list:
1 Place the insertion point where you want the list to begin.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click List.
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3 To create a legal style list, choose Tiered Numbers from the Bullets & Numbering pop-
up menu. Otherwise, choose Numbers instead.
4 Choose a numbering style from the pop-up menu directly below it.
5 To adjust the space between numbers and the left margin, use the Number Indent
field. To adjust the space between numbers and text, use the Text Indent field.
Use these techniques to add and indent items in your list:
 To add a new topic at the current indent level, press Return.
 To create an unnumbered paragraph within a topic, press Return while holding
down the Shift key.
 To enter a new topic at the next lower indent level, press Tab. To enter a new topic at
the next higher level, press Shift-Tab. To move among levels you can also click and
hold a number, and then drag to the right, to the left, down and to the right, or
down and to the left.
 To return to regular text at the end of your list, press Return twice, or press Return
and choose No Bullets from the Bullets & Numbering pop-up menu. You may also
need to adjust the indent level.
 To add an existing paragraph to a numbered list, click the paragraph, choose a
numbering style, and then click “Continue from previous.”
 To start a new numbered sequence in a list, click “Start at” and specify the number
you want the sequence to begin with.
Using Text Boxes and Shapes to Highlight Text
Use text boxes and shapes to make text stand out from the main body of text on a
slide.
Adding Free Text Boxes
Various master slides provide text boxes, but you can add one or more “free text boxes”
to a slide. Free text boxes are similar to the text boxes provided in various master slides.
The main difference is that text in free text boxes does not appear in outline view.
You can drag free text boxes anywhere on a slide.
To create a free text box:
1 Click Text Box in the toolbar (or choose Insert > Text Box).
2 In the text box that appears, double-click the text and type.
Free text boxes grow horizontally—to the width of the slide—to accommodate your
text. To use the full slide width for the text, skip the next step.
3 To set a fixed width for the text box, drag its handles.
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After you set a width (or the box is as wide as the slide), the text box grows vertically to
accommodate your text. If you delete text, the box automatically shrinks.
4 When you’ve finished typing, click outside the text box. Or, to stop editing text and
select the text box, press Command-Return.
5 Drag the text box to position it on the slide.
You can also draw a free text box. Option-click Text Box in the toolbar, and drag the
pointer across the document window to create a text box that’s the size you want.
For more information about modifying text boxes, see “Formatting a Text Box or Shape”
on page 61.
Presenting Text in Columns
You can create columns in a text box or a rectangular shape. When text fills one
column, it flows into the next column.
To create and format columns:
1 Select the text box you want to divide into columns.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Text Inspector button, and then click Columns.
3 To indicate how many columns you want, use the Columns field.
4 To use equal-width columns, select “Equal column width.”
To set up different column widths, deselect “Equal column width,” double-click a
Column value in the table, and type a new width.
5 To change the distance between columns, double-click a Gutter value and change it.
Putting Text Inside a Shape
All shapes, except lines, can contain text.
To add text to a shape:
1 Place a shape where you want it on the slide. To learn about adding shapes, see
“Adding a Predrawn Shape” on page 82 and “Adding a Custom Shape” on page 83.
2 Double-click the shape and type the text you want. If the text extends beyond the
border of the shape, a clipping indicator appears.
The clipping indicator shows
that text extends beyond the
borders of a shape.
3 To resize the shape, select it and drag the selection handles. (If the insertion point is
inside the shape, press Command-Return to get out of text editing mode and select
the shape.)
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You can format the text within a shape. You can also rotate a shape while keeping its
text horizontal. After rotating the shape choose Format > Shape > Reset Text and
Object Handles.
4 To add text to a shape that’s part of a group, double-click the text area of any shape in
the group. If you resize the group, everything resizes except for the text. You can still
edit and format the text.
See “Grouping and Locking Objects” on page 78 for details about grouping objects.
Formatting a Text Box or Shape
You can change the amount of space between text and the inside border of a text box,
shape, or table cell. See “Changing the Inset Margin of Text in Objects” on page 56 for
instructions.
Use the Graphic Inspector to format borders, shadows, opacity, color fill, and more for
text boxes or shapes. For more information about setting object properties, see
“Modifying Objects” on page 73.
Using Hyperlinks
You can turn text, images, and shapes into hyperlinks that open another slide, a
Keynote document, a webpage, or an email message or that stop a slideshow.
Use this type of hyperlink To perform this action Notes
Webpage Open a page in a web browser Keynote opens your default
browser.
Email Message Open a new mail message with
the specified subject and
addressee
Slide Go to another slide in the
presentation
Keynote File Open another Keynote
document
Exit Slideshow Stop the slideshow Keynote opens in edit mode to
This underlined text is a
hyperlink.
The blue arrow indicates
that this text box is a
hyperlink.
Keynote opens your default mail
application.
Choose from the next, previous,
first, or last slide; the last slide
viewed; or a specific slide.
If you transfer the presentation
to another computer, remember
to transfer the other document
as well.
the last slide shown.
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Linking to a Webpage
You can add a hyperlink that opens a webpage in your default web browser.
To add a hyperlink that opens a webpage:
1 Select the text or object that you want to turn into a hyperlink.
If you type text that starts with “www” or “http” (or copy it from another document),
the text automatically becomes a hyperlink. To turn off this feature, choose Keynote >
Preferences, click Auto-Correction, and deselect “Automatically detect email and web
addresses.” This setting is computer-specific, so if the document is opened on a
computer with a different setting, that computer’s setting is used instead.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Hyperlink Inspector button, and then select
“Enable as a hyperlink.”
3 Choose Webpage from the Link To pop-up menu.
4 Type the webpage’s address in the URL field.
5 If you want to change text that appears as the hyperlink in the document, type new
text in the Display field.
The Hyperlink Inspector
button
Type the URL you
want to link to.
Type the link text
you want to display
on the slide.
Linking to a Preaddressed Email Message
You can add a hyperlink that you can click to create a preaddressed email message in
your default mail application.
To add a hyperlink that links to an email message:
1 Select the text or object that you want to turn into a hyperlink.
If you type an email address (or copy it from another document), the text automatically
becomes a hyperlink. To turn off this feature, choose Keynote > Preferences, click AutoCorrection, and then deselect “Automatically detect email and web addresses.” This
setting is computer-specific, so if the document is opened on a computer with a
different setting, that computer’s setting is used instead.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Hyperlink Inspector button, and then select
“Enable as a hyperlink.”
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3 Choose Email Message from the Link To pop-up menu.
4 Type the email address of the intended recipient in the To field.
5 Optionally type a subject line in the Subject field.
6 To display custom text for the hyperlink, type new text in the Display field. ( This option
is dimmed if you chose an object instead of text as the hyperlink.)
Type the recipient’s
email address.
Type the message subject.
Type the link text to
display on the slide.
Linking to a Slide
Add a hyperlink that displays a particular slide.
To add a hyperlink that links to a slide:
1 Select the text or object that you want to turn into a hyperlink.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Hyperlink Inspector button, and then select
“Enable as a hyperlink.”
3 Choose Slide from the Link To pop-up menu.
4 Select the option that describes the slide you want to display (next, previous, first, last,
last viewed, or a slide number).
You can use hyperlinks to control navigation during a slideshow. See “Creating
Hyperlinks-Only Presentations” on page 164.
Linking to a Keynote File
Add a hyperlink that opens another Keynote file.
To add a hyperlink that opens another Keynote document:
1 Select the text or object that you want to turn into a hyperlink.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Hyperlink Inspector button, and then select
“Enable as a hyperlink.”
3 Choose Keynote File from the Link To pop-up menu.
4 Navigate to the file, and click Open.
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5 If you want to change text that appears as the hyperlink in the document, type new
text in the Display field.
When you click a link to another Keynote document, the new slideshow begins playing
from the first slide.
Using a Hyperlink to Stop a Slideshow
Add a hyperlink that stops a slideshow.
To add a hyperlink that stops a slideshow:
1 Select the text or object that you want to turn into a hyperlink.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Hyperlink Inspector button, and then select
“Enable as a hyperlink.”
3 Choose Exit Slideshow from the Link To pop-up menu.
Underlining Hyperlink Text
Hyperlink text is underlined by default, but you can suppress underlining if you like.
Here are ways to enable and disable underlining:
m To prevent new text hyperlinks from being automatically underlined, choose Keynote >
Preferences, click General, and deselect “Underline text hyperlinks on creation.”
m To remove an underline from an existing text hyperlink, select it, click Fonts in the
toolbar, and in the Font panel choose None from the Underline pop-up menu.
m To underline hyperlink text that isn’t underlined, click Fonts in the toolbar, and in the
Font panel choose Single from the Underline pop-up menu.
Automatically Substituting Text
Keynote can be set to recognize and replace text you don’t want with text you do
want. For example, when you type “teh,” Keynote can automatically change it to “the.”
To set up automatic text substitution:
1 Choose Keynote > Preferences.
2 Click Auto-Correction and select an option:
To automatically convert single and double quotation marks to smart quotes so that
opening and closing quotation marks are not identical, select “Use smart quotes.”
To make sure that the first word in a sentence begins with a capital letter, select “Fix
capitalization.”
To automatically convert the letters in “1st,” “2nd,” “3rd,“ and so on into superscripts,
select “Superscript numerical suffixes.”
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To set Keynote to automatically detect that something you’ve typed is an email address
or a URL, select “Automatically detect email and web addresses.” Email and web
addresses you type automatically become hyperlinks for Mail or Safari.
To replace one or more characters with one or more different characters, select “Symbol
and text substitution.” Then use the rows in the table to define and activate specific
substitutions. For example, when you type (c), you can have Keynote automatically
convert it to © by putting a checkmark in the On column. To define your own
substitution, click the Add (+) button. To remove a selected item, click the Delete (–)
button.
After you specify substitution settings, they’ll apply to any text you change or add in
any Keynote documents.
Inserting a Nonbreaking Space
You can insert a nonbreaking space between words to make sure that the words
always appear in the same line of text.
To insert a nonbreaking space:
m Press the Space bar while holding down the Option key.
Checking for Spelling Mistakes
Keynote can catch spelling errors in your document and help you find alternative
spellings for misspelled words.
Finding Misspelled Words
You can set the spell checker to flag spelling errors as you type, or you can check your
entire document or selected text at any time.
Misspelled words appear with a red line below them.
Here are ways to find misspelled words:
m To check spelling as you type, choose Edit > Spelling > “Check Spelling as You Type.”
To turn off spell checking as you type, click Edit > Spelling > “Check Spelling as You
Type” to deselect it (make sure the checkmark is not visible next to the menu
command).
m To check spelling from the insertion point to the end of the document, click to place
the insertion point and choose Edit > Spelling > Check Spelling. To limit spell checking
to a specific part of the document, select the text you want to check before choosing
the command.
The first misspelled word found is highlighted. You can correct it or choose the same
menu command again to continue checking the document.
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To go through the text more quickly, press Command-semicolon (;) to continue
checking the document.
m To check spelling and view suggestions for misspelled words, choose Edit > Spelling >
Spelling.
The Spelling window opens, and you can use it as “Working with Spelling Suggestions,”
next, describes.
Working with Spelling Suggestions
Use the Spelling window to work with alternative spellings.
To work with spelling suggestions:
1 Choose Edit > Spelling > Spelling.
The Spelling window opens and the first misspelled word is highlighted:
2 Make sure that the correct language is selected in the Dictionary pop-up menu. Each
language uses a different spelling dictionary.
3 To replace the incorrect spelling in the text, double-click the correct word or spelling in
the Guess list.
4 If the correct word doesn’t appear in the Guess list but you know the correct spelling,
select the misspelled word in the Spelling window, type the correct word, and click
Correct.
5 If the current spelling is correct and you want to leave it as it is, click Ignore or Learn.
Use Learn if the term is one you use often and you want to add it to the spelling
dictionary.
If you used Learn and later decide you don’t want the word in the dictionary, type the
word into the text field below the Guess list, and then click Forget.
6 If no alternate spellings appear in the Guess list, select the misspelled word in the
Spelling window and try a different spelling. Click Guess to see whether new
possibilities appear in the Guess list.
7 Click Find Next and repeat steps 3 through 6 until you find no more spelling errors.
You can also hold down the Control key and click a misspelled word. From the pop-up
menu you can choose an optional alternative spelling, click Learn, or click Ignore.
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Finding and Replacing Text
You can find every instance of a word or phrase in your document, and optionally
change it to something else.
Here are ways to find and replace text:
m Choose Edit > Find > Find, click Simple or Advanced to set up find/replace criteria, and
then click a button to conduct find/replace operations.
Simple: In the Find field, type the text you want to find, and type any text you want to
replace it with in the Replace field.
Advanced: In addition to typing Find and Replace text, you can set up additional find/
replace criteria.
Replace All: Automatically conducts the find/replace operation without your review.
Replace: Replaces the current selection with the replacement text.
Replace & Find: Replaces the current selection with the replacement text and
immediately finds the next occurrence.
Next or Previous: Finds the next or previous occurrence of the Find text.
m Use the other commands on the Edit > Find submenu.
Find Next or Find Previous: Finds the next or previous occurrence of the current Find
text.
Use Selection for Find: Finds the next occurrence of the selected text.
Jump to Selection: Displays the selected text when it’s not currently in view.
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4 Working with Sound, Movies,
Graphics, and Other Objects
4
This chapter describes techniques for adding and modifying
images, shapes, sound, and other objects.
An object is an item you can add to a document and then manipulate. Images, shapes,
movies, audio files, web views, tables, charts, and text boxes are all objects.
Images include photographs or PDF files. Movies and sound can be used throughout a
slideshow or only with particular slides. Shapes include simple predrawn shapes (such
as triangles and arrows) and custom shapes that you draw yourself. Web views are
webpage snapshots you can display on a slide.
Selecting Objects
Before you can move, modify, or perform other operations on objects, you must select
them. A selected object has handles that let you move or manipulate them.
m To select a single object, click anywhere on the object (to select an object that has no
m To select several objects on a slide, hold down the Shift key as you click objects.
m To select all the objects on a slide, click the slide and press Command-A.
m To select an object that’s part of a group, you must first ungroup the objects. Select the
m To deselect objects in a group of selected objects, hold down the Command key and
68
Here are ways to select and deselect objects:
fill, click the edge).
group, and then choose Arrange > Ungroup.
then click objects you want to deselect.
Copying or Duplicating Objects
The technique you use to copy an object depends on where you want to place the
copy. When the copy will be far from the original or in another document, copying and
pasting is generally easier. When you're working with an object that is near the original,
duplicating is generally easier.
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Here are ways to copy objects:
m To copy and paste an object, select it, and then choose Edit > Copy. Click where you
want the copy to appear. Choose Edit > Paste.
m To duplicate an object on a slide, hold down the Option key while you drag the object.
You can also duplicate the object. Select the object and choose Edit > Duplicate. The
copy appears on top of the original, slightly offset. Drag the copy to the desired
location.
m To copy an image between Keynote documents, select the image and drag its icon
from the File Info field in the Metrics Inspector to a slide in the other Keynote file.
Deleting Objects
Deleting objects is quick and easy.
To delete objects:
m Select the object(s) and press the Delete key.
If you accidentally delete an object, choose Edit > Undo Delete.
Moving Objects
You can drag objects or cut and paste them to move them.
Here are ways to move objects:
m Click the object to select it (the selection handles appear), and then drag it to a new
location.
m To constrain the object’s motion to horizontal, vertical, or a 45 degree angle, start
dragging the object while holding down the Shift key.
m To move the object in small increments, press one of the arrow keys, causing the object
to move a point at a time. To move the object ten points at a time, hold down the Shift
key while pressing an arrow key.
m To show the position of the object when you move it, choose Keynote > Preferences,
and then select “Show size and position when moving objects” in the General pane.
m To precisely align objects by their edges or centers, you can use alignment guides. See
“Using Alignment Guides” on page 71 for details.
m Select the object and choose Edit > Cut. Place the insertion point where you want the
object to appear, and then choose Edit > Paste.
Avoid dragging an object by the selection handles because you may inadvertently
resize the object.
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Moving an Object Forward or Backward (Layering Objects)
When objects overlap or when text and objects overlap, you can change the order of
objects in the stack.
To move an object in front or in back of text or another object:
1 Select the object you want to move.
2 To move an object a layer at a time, choose Arrange > Bring Forward or Arrange >
Send Backward.
3 To move an object to the very top or bottom of the stack, choose Arrange > Bring to
Front or Arrange > Send to Back.
If you frequently layer objects, you can add the Front, Back, Forward, and Backward
buttons to the toolbar to work more efficiently. To learn about customizing the toolbar,
see “The Toolbar” on page 21.
Aligning Objects
There are various ways to align objects on slides.
Aligning Objects on a Slide Relative to One Another
You can quickly align objects relative to one another if they appear on the same slide.
To align objects:
1 Shift-click to select the objects you want to align.
2 Choose Arrange > Align Objects and then choose one of the alignment options in the
submenu.
Left: Positions objects so that their left edges align vertically to the first object you
select.
Center: Positions objects so that their centers align vertically to the first object you
select.
Right: Positions objects so that their right edges align vertically to the first object you
select.
Top: Positions objects so that their top edges align horizontally to the first object you
select.
Middle: Moves objects vertically so that their centers align horizontally to the first
object you select.
Bottom: Positions objects so that their bottom edges align horizontally to the first
object you select.
You can also align objects relative to one another by dragging them and using
alignment guides to determine when the objects are correctly positioned. See “Using
Alignment Guides” for more information.
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Spacing Objects Evenly on a Slide
You can quickly place an equal amount of space between objects, regardless of their
size.
To space objects evenly:
1 Select the objects.
2 Choose Arrange > Distribute Objects, and then choose an option from the submenu.
Horizontally: Adjusts the horizontal spacing between objects.
Vertically: Adjusts the vertical spacing between objects.
Using Alignment Guides
You can turn on alignment guides to help you align objects on a slide. Alignment guide
settings apply to all Keynote documents.
To turn on alignment guides:
1 Choose Keynote > Preferences, and then click Rulers.
2 To show guides when an object’s center aligns with another object or the center of the
slide, select “Show guides at object center.”
3 To show guides when an object’s edges align with another object, select “Show guides
at object edges.”
4 To change the color of alignment guides, click the color well and select a color in the
Colors window.
Alignment guides don’t appear on printed slides.
To show or hide guides, choose View > Show Guides or View > Hide Guides. To
temporarily hide alignment guides, hold down the Command key while you drag an
object.
You can also create your own alignment guides to help you place objects in the same
position on different slides.
Creating Your Own Alignment Guides
You can create your own alignment guides to help you place objects in the same
position on different slides.
To create an alignment guide:
1 Click View in the toolbar, and then choose Show Rulers.
2 Place the pointer over a ruler and drag onto the slide canvas.
An alignment guide appears.
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3 Drag the guide where you want it on the slide.
Note: Alignment guides can’t be created if you are editing text. Stop editing text by
selecting an object or clicking the slide canvas.
To remove an alignment guide that you’ve created, drag it off the edge of the slide.
Using Master Gridlines
In addition to alignment guides on a slide, you can turn on vertical and horizontal
gridlines that divide a slide into equal sections.
Gridlines show on master slides, and appear on a slide when an object (its center or
edge, depending on your Object Alignment preferences) aligns with a gridline.
Gridlines don’t appear on printed slides.
To turn on master gridlines:
1 Choose Keynote > Preferences, and then click Rulers.
2 Select either or both of the Master Gridlines checkboxes.
3 Type a percentage value in the field to specify how close together the gridlines should
be.
4 To change the color of gridlines, click the Master Gridlines color well and select a color
in the Colors window.
To temporarily hide gridlines, hold down the Command key while you drag an object.
Setting Precise Positions of Objects
You use the Metrics Inspector to precisely locate objects.
To set the precise position of an object:
1 Select the object you want to position.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Metrics Inspector button.
3 Enter X and Y values in the Position fields.
The specified coordinates determine the position of the upper-left corner of the
object’s container box.
 The X value is measured from the left edge of the slide canvas.
 The Y value is measured from the top edge of the slide canvas.
If an object is rotated, the X and Y coordinates specify the upper-left corner of the
rotated container box.
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When you enter X and Y coordinates for line positions in the Metrics Inspector, the Start
coordinates represent the first endpoint you created. If you later flip or rotate the line,
the Start coordinates continue to represent the first endpoint.
Position a fixed line on
the slide by specifying X
and Y coordinates for its
first endpoint.
Position a fixed line on
the slide by specifying X
and Y coordinates for its
second endpoint.
Modifying Objects
You can resize objects, change their orientation, modify their border styles, add
shadows and reflections to them, and adjust their opacity.
Resizing Objects
You can resize an object by dragging its handles or typing exact dimensions.
Here are ways to resize objects:
m To resize an object by dragging, select the object and then drag one of its selection
handles. To resize an object in one direction, drag a side handle instead of a corner
handle.
To resize the object from its center, press the Option key as you drag.
To maintain an object's proportions, hold down the Shift key as you drag. You can also
click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics Inspector button, and then select
“Constrain proportions” before dragging.
To show the size of an object when you drag a selection handle, choose Keynote >
Preferences, and then select “Show size and position when moving objects” in the
General pane.
m To resize an object using exact proportions, select the object, click Inspector in the
toolbar, click the Metrics Inspector button, and then use the Width and Height controls.
m To resize several objects at once, select the objects, click Inspector in the toolbar, click
the Metrics Inspector button, and then type new values in the Width and Height fields.
m Select the object and then click Original Size in the Metrics Inspector.
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Flipping and Rotating Objects
You can flip or rotate any object. For example, if you have an image of an arrow that
you want to use in your document, but you need it to point in a different direction, you
can reverse its direction vertically or horizontally, or point it at any angle.
Here are ways to change an object’s orientation:
m To flip an object horizontally or vertically, select the object, and then choose Arrange >
Flip Horizontally or Arrange > Flip Vertically.
You can also click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics Inspector button, and then
use the Flip buttons.
m To rotate an object, select the object, hold down the Command key and move the
pointer toward an active selection handle until it changes to a curved, double-headed
arrow, and then drag a selection handle.
To rotate an object in 45-degree increments, press the Shift and Command keys while
dragging a selection handle.
You can also click Inspector in the toolbar, click the Metrics Inspector button, and then
drag the Rotate wheel or use the Angle controls to set the angle of the object.
m To rotate a shape but keep its text horizontal, after rotating the shape choose Format >
Shape > Reset Text and Object Handles.
Choose Line.
Choose a line style.
Changing the Style of Borders
For shapes, chart elements, text boxes, and table cells, you can choose a line style and
color for the object’s border, or you can specify no border. You can also put a border
around imported images. You set border line style and color using the Graphic
Inspector and the Colors window.
To set the line style and color of an object’s border:
1 Select the object that you want to modify.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic Inspector button.
3 Choose Line from the Stroke pop-up menu.
4 Choose a line style from the pop-up menu. For tables, only a solid line or None is
available.
Click the color well to
choose a line color.
Type the line thickness.
(The abbreviation “px”
means pixels.)
Choose line endpoints
from these pop-up menus.
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5 To change the line thickness, type a value in the Stroke field (or click the arrows).
6 To change the line color, click the color well and select a color.
7 To give the line endpoints, such as arrowheads or circles, choose left and right
endpoints from the pop-up menus.
Framing Objects
Enclose your text boxes, images, movies, shapes, and media placeholders with
graphical borders, known as picture frames.
Here are ways to work with picture frames:
m To add a picture frame, select the media or media placeholder, click Inspector in the
toolbar, and then click the Graphic Inspector button.
Choose Picture Frame from the Stroke pop-up menu, and then click the thumbnail to
choose one.
Some picture frames can be adjusted. To adjust your frame, use the Scale slider or type
a specific percentage in the adjacent field.
Click this arrow or the
thumbnail to choose a
frame style.
m To change a picture frame, select a framed media or media placeholder, click Inspector
in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic Inspector button. Choose Picture Frame from
the Stroke pop-up menu, and then click the arrow next to the thumbnail to choose a
new picture frame.
m To remove a picture frame from your media or media placeholder, select the media or
media placeholder and then choose a line style (or None) from the Stroke pop-up
menu.
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Change the shadow
color in the color well.
Adding Shadows
Shadows give your objects an appearance of depth. An object’s shadow appears on
any object behind it. You can create a variety of shadow effects, or remove the shadow
from an object.
Select the checkbox
to add a shadow to a
selected object.
Change the angle of
the shadow with the
Angle wheel.
Offset, Blur, and Opacity
values change the look
of the shadow.
To add a shadow to an object:
1 Select the object.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic Inspector button.
3 Select Shadow to add a shadow to the object. Deselect Shadow to make a shadow go
away.
4 Set the angle for the shadow using the Angle controls.
5 To set how far the shadow is from the object, use the Offset controls. A high shadow
offset value makes an object’s shadow appear longer and slightly separated from the
object.
6 To adjust the softness of the shadow’s edge, use the Blur controls. A high blur value
makes the object’s shadow appear more diffuse; a low value gives the shadow more
sharply defined edges.
7 To change the shadow’s transparency, use the Opacity controls. Don’t use the Opacity
slider at the bottom of the Graphic Inspector, which is for controlling the opacity of the
object itself.
8 To change the color for the shadow, click the Shadow color well and select a color.
This object has a different
shadow color.
This object has
the default shadow
properties.
This object’s
shadow is set to a
different angle.
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This object’s shadow has
a high blur factor.
This object’s shadow has
a high offset value.
This object’s shadow has
the lowest blur factor.
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You can also use the Graphic Inspector shadow controls to add shadows to text. Select
the text to which you want to add shadows, and use the controls as described above.
Adding a Reflection
You can add a reflection to an object that reflects vertically downward.
To add a reflection to an object:
1 Select the object.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic Inspector button.
3 Select Reflection and drag the slider to increase or decrease the amount of reflection.
Adjusting Opacity
You can create interesting effects by making objects more opaque or less opaque.
When you put a low-opacity object on top of another object, for example, the bottom
object shows through the top object. Depending on how high or low you set the
opacity, the objects below can be highly visible, partly obscured, or completely blocked
from view (at 100-percent opacity).
To change an object’s opacity:
1 Select the object.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic Inspector button.
3 Drag the Opacity slider or enter a percentage in the adjacent field.
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For shapes, you can set opacity for fill and stroke colors separately from object opacity. If
you move the Opacity slider in the Colors window to modify a fill or stroke color, that
opacity value becomes maximum object opacity. Then, when you change the object
opacity in the Graphic Inspector, you are changing it relative to the opacity you set in
the Colors window.
This circle is set to 100%
opacity in the Graphic
Inspector.
This circle is set to 50% opacity
in the Graphic Inspector.
This circle is set to 100% opacity in the
Graphic Inspector. The fill color was set
to 50% opacity in the Colors window.
The circle’s outline was set to 100%
opacity in the Colors window.
If you change an object's opacity and then can't restore the object's fill color to 100%, it
may be because the opacity was set to less than 100% in the Colors window. To fix it,
select the object, choose View > Show Colors, and then set the opacity in the Colors
window to 100%.
Grouping and Locking Objects
Group objects you want to keep together, and lock objects you don’t want to
inadvertently move.
Grouping and Ungrouping Objects
You can group objects together so that they can be moved, copied, resized, and
oriented as a single object. You can edit text associated with a shape or text object in a
group, but you can’t modify other attributes of individual objects in the group.
Grouped objects are built as one unit during object builds.
To group objects:
1 Hold down the Command (or Shift) key as you select the objects you want to group.
If you can’t select an object, it may be locked.
2 Choose Arrange > Group, or click Group in the toolbar.
To ungroup a grouped object, select the group, and then choose Arrange > Ungroup
or click Ungroup in the toolbar. If the group is locked, unlock it first.
If you group an object that has a build effect assigned to it, the effect is removed.
Ungrouping a grouped object with a build effect assigned to it also removes the build
effect.
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Locking and Unlocking Objects
You can lock objects to avoid inadvertently moving them as you work.
After you lock individual or grouped objects, you can’t move, delete, or modify them
until you unlock them. A locked object can be selected, copied, or duplicated; when
you copy or duplicate a locked object, the new object is also locked.
To lock objects:
1 Hold down the Command (or Shift) key as you select the objects you want to lock.
2 Choose Arrange > Lock.
To unlock an object, select the object, and then choose Arrange > Unlock.
Filling Objects
Fill an object with a solid color, a color gradient, or an image.
Filling an Object with Color
Use the Graphic Inspector to fill an object with a solid color or a color gradient, in
which two colors gradually blend with each other.
To change an object’s fill color:
1 Select the object.
2 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Graphic Inspector button.
3 To apply a solid fill color, choose Color Fill from the Fill pop-up menu. Click the color
well below the Fill pop-up menu to open the Colors window, and then select a color in
the Colors window.
4 To fill an object with a color gradient, choose Gradient Fill from the Fill pop-up menu.
Click each color well and choose each color in the Colors window.
To set a direction for the gradient, use the Angle wheel or field. To flip it horizontally or
vertically, click the Angle arrow buttons.
To invert the gradient, click the double-headed arrow next to the color wells.
Click each color well
to select colors.
Flip the gradient orientation
or set its direction by using the
arrow buttons or the Angle
wheel, or by typing a value.
Click the double-headed
arrow to invert the gradient.
Instructions for using the Colors Window follow.
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Using the Colors Window
You use the Colors window to select color for objects.
Click a button to view
different color models.
Click the Search icon
and then click any
item on the screen
to match its color.
Click to select a color
in the color wheel.
The color selected in the color
wheel appears in this box. (The
two colors in this box indicate the
opacity is set to less than 100%.)
Use the slider to set lighter or
darker hues in the color wheel.
Drag the Opacity slider to the left to
make the color more transparent.
Drag colors from the color box to
store them in the color palette.
You can use the color wheel in the Colors window to select colors. The color you select
appears in the box at the top of the Colors window. You can save that color for future
use by placing it in the color palette.
To apply the colors you select in the Colors window to an object on the slide, you must
place the color in the appropriate color well in an Inspector pane. You can select a color
well in one of the Inspectors, and then click a color in the color wheel. Or you can drag
a color from the color palette or color box to a color well in one of the Inspectors.
To select a color:
1 Open the Color window by clicking Colors in the toolbar or clicking a color well in one
of the inspectors.
2 Click anywhere in the color wheel. The selected color is displayed in the color box at
the top of the Colors window.
3 To make the color lighter or darker, drag the slider on the right side of the Colors
window.
4 To make the color more transparent, drag the Opacity slider to the left or enter a
percentage value in the Opacity field.
5 To use the color palette, open it by dragging the handle at the bottom of the Colors
window. Save a color in the palette by dragging the color from the color box to the
color palette. To remove a color from the palette, drag a blank square to the color you
want to remove.
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6 To match the color of another item on the screen, click the magnifying glass to the left
of the color box in the Colors window. Click the item on the screen whose color you
want to match. The color appears in the color box. Select the item you want to color in
the document window, and then drag the color from the color box to the item.
Filling an Object with an Image
You can fill a shape, text box, table, table cell, chart background, or chart series with an
image.
To fill an object with an image:
1 Select the object you want to fill with an image.
2 If the Graphic Inspector isn’t open, click Inspector in the toolbar and click the Graphic
Inspector button.
3 In the Graphic Inspector, choose Image Fill or Tinted Image Fill, and then choose an
image.
You can also drag an image file from the Finder or Media Browser to the image well in
the Graphic Inspector. You can also drag an image to a table cell or chart series.
Use the pop-up menu to
set the size of the image
within the object.
To change the image,
drag an image to the
image well.
4 Choose an image scale from the pop-up menu.
Scale To Fit: Resizes the image to fit the object’s dimensions as well as possible. If the
object’s shape is different from the original image’s, parts of the image may not appear;
blank space may also appear around the image.
Scale To Fill: Makes the image appear larger or smaller, sizing it to leave minimum
space around the image, even if the object and image have different shapes.
Stretch: Sizes the image to fit the object’s dimensions but distorts it if the object has a
shape different from the original image.
Original Size: Places the image inside the object without altering its original
dimensions. If the image is larger than the object, you see only a part of the image in
the object. If the image is smaller than the object, there is blank space around it.
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Tile: Repeats the image inside the object, if the image is smaller than the object. If the
image is larger than the object, you see only part of the image inside the object.
Scale to Fill
Scale to Fit
Tile (large image)
Original Size
Tile (large image)
Stretch
Tile (small image)
5 If you chose Tinted Image Fill, click the color well (to the right of the Choose button) to
choose a tint color. Drag the Opacity slider in the Colors window to make the tint
darker or lighter. (If you drag the Opacity slider in the Graphic Inspector, it will change
the opacity of both the tint and the image.)
Click to select a tint color
for the image.
Using Shapes
Keynote provides a variety of predrawn shapes you can add to slides. You can also
create your own custom shapes.
Adding a Predrawn Shape
You can insert predrawn shapes, such as triangles, arrows, circles, and rectangles, to use
as simple graphics.
Here are ways to add a predrawn shape:
m Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then choose a shape from the Shapes submenu.
You can also choose Insert > Shape > Shape.
m You can also create one of the included shapes from the shape’s center. Option-click
Shapes in the toolbar, choose a shape, and then drag the crosshair pointer. To constrain
the shape (for example, to keep triangles equal on all sides), press the Shift key as you
drag.
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Adding a Custom Shape
You can use the Draw tool to create your own shapes.
To create a custom shape:
1 Click Shapes in the toolbar, and then select the Draw tool (or choose Insert > Shape >
Draw a Shape).
The pointer changes from an arrow to a small pen tip.
2 Click anywhere in your document to create the first point of the custom shape.
3 Click to create more points.
Each point you add is connected to the preceding point. The shape is filled with the
default color for the theme you’re using.
To delete a segment you’ve just created, press Delete. You can press Delete multiple
times.
4 To stop drawing and close the shape (add a solid line between the last and first points),
click the first point.
To stop drawing and leave the shape open (no line between the last and first points) so
that you can work with it more later, press the Esc (Escape) key or double-click the last
point created.
To finish and close an open shape, click once in the shape to select it, and then click it a
second time to show its points. Double-click one of the two points at either end of the
open segment. The pointer changes to a pen tip.
Here’s the open segment.
To add additional points, click other locations as needed. When you’re ready to stop
drawing and close the shape, click the point at the end of the open segment.
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Making Shapes Editable
In addition to resizing shapes, you can manipulate the points of a shape. Before you
can edit a shape in this way, you need to make it editable.
Here are ways to make shapes editable:
m To make a predrawn shape editable, select the shape and then choose Format >
Shape > Make Editable.
Red dots appear on the shape. Drag the points to edit the shape. Later, to edit a
predrawn shape that has been made editable, click it twice slowly.
m To make a custom shape editable, click once in the shape to select it, and then click a
second time to show its points.
Manipulating Points of a Shape
You can change the contour of a shape by adding, moving, or deleting its points. First
you need to make the shape editable, as described in “Making Shapes Editable” on
page 84.
Click a point and drag it
to change the shape.
Here are ways to manipulate a shape’s points:
m To add a point, make the shape editable, press the Option key, and then hold the
pointer over the shape’s border. The pointer changes into a pen tip with a plus sign (+).
Click the location on the border where you want to add a point, and then move the
point if needed.
m To move a point, make the shape editable, click the point, and then drag it to another
location. You can move several points at the same time by Shift-clicking multiple
points, and then dragging.
m To delete a point, make the shape editable, click the point, and then press the Delete
key. You can delete several points at the same time by Shift-clicking multiple points
and then pressing Delete.
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Reshaping a Curve
You can expand or contract a curve, or change its angle.
To reshape a curve:
1 Make the shape editable.
2 Click a red circular control on the curve you want to reshape. A control handle appears
on both sides of the circular control.
Drag a control handle
or rotate one or both
control handles to
change the curve.
You can also drag a point
to modify the curve.
3 To expand or contract the curve, drag the circular control or one of the control handles.
4 To change the angle of the curve, move the control handles clockwise or counter-
clockwise. You achieve different effects when you move the handles together or
independently of each other. Experiment until you achieve the desired effect.
To move the control handles together, press the Option key, and then drag one or the
other of them.
To move only one control handle, press the Command key before dragging a handle.
Reshaping a Straight Segment
You can change the angle between two segments, or change the length of a segment.
To reshape a straight segment:
1 Make the shape editable.
2 Click a corner point.
3 To change the angle between the two attached segments, drag the point clockwise or
counter-clockwise.
4 To change the length of one of the segments, drag the point out or in.
Transforming Corner Points into Curved Points and Vice Versa
You can change one or more points into curves or curves into points.
Here are ways to transform corner points into curved points and vice versa:
m To change a corner point into a curved point, make the shape editable, and then
double-click the corner point.
m To change a curved point into a corner point, make the shape editable, and then
double-click the curved point.
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m To change all corner points in one or more shapes into curved points, make the shapes
editable, select the shape(s), and then choose Format > Shape > Smooth Path.
m To change all curved points in one or more shapes into corner points, make the shapes
editable, select the shape(s), and then choose Format > Shape > Sharpen Path.
After a shape is editable, you can use the Smooth Path and Sharpen Path commands
without making the shape editable again.
Editing Specific Predrawn Shapes
Some predrawn shapes have special built-in editing controls.
Editing a Rounded Rectangle
The rounded rectangle has a circular control that lets you change the corners.
Drag to straighten or
round the corner.
Drag to change
the tail length.
To edit a rounded rectangle:
m Select the shape, and drag its circular control to the left to straighten the corners and
to the right to round them.
Editing Single and Double Arrows
The arrows have three special controls.
Drag up or down to
change the width of the
tail. Drag left or right to
resize the arrowhead.
Here are ways to edit single and double arrows after selecting them:
m Drag the control on the arrow’s tail or arrowhead to increase or decrease the tail’s
length without changing the shape of the arrowhead.
m Drag the circular control up or down to change the width of the tail.
m Drag the circular control left or right to resize the arrowhead.
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Editing a Star
The star shape has a slider for increasing and decreasing the number of points in the
star and a circular control for changing the angles between points.
Drag to change the angles
between points in the star.
View the number of points
currently in the star.
Drag to increase or
decrease the number
of points in the star.
Here are ways to edit a star:
m When you select a star shape, the slider appears. Drag the slider to increase or decrease
the number of points in the star.
m Drag the circular control to change the angles between points in the star.
Editing a Polygon
The polygon has a slider for increasing and decreasing the number of sides in the
polygon.
View the number of sides
currently in the polygon.
Drag to increase or
decrease the number of
sides in the polygon.
To edit a polygon:
m When you select the polygon, the slider appears. Drag the slider to increase or
decrease the number of sides in the polygon.
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Using Media Placeholders
Many Keynote themes contain placeholder photos. These photos are actually “media
placeholders.” You can drag your own images, movies, and audio files to these
placeholders, and your media file is automatically sized and positioned for you. You can
easily replace an item in a media placeholder by dragging a new file to it; you don’t
have to delete the old file first. You can also turn any media file on a slide into a
placeholder.
If you’re not sure if a photo or other media on a slide is a placeholder, let the pointer
rest over it, and see if a help tag appears instructing you to drag your own media file
to it.
Here are ways to work with media placeholders:
m Drag a file from the Media Browser, Finder, or other application to the media
placeholder.
To open the Media Browser, click Media in the toolbar. Click a button at the top of the
window to look for audio files, images, or movies.
First, click a button to
access your media files.
Second, choose a source.
Third, drag an item to the
document or to an image
well in one of the
Inspectors.
Search for a file by typing
its name here.
m To change the content of a media placeholder, drag a new media file to the existing
one.
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m To convert a placeholder image to an image, select the image, choose Format >
Advanced > “Define as Media Placeholder” (remove the checkmark).
m To delete a media placeholder, select it and press the Delete key.
m To create a media placeholder, add a photo, movie, or audio file to a slide. Resize the
file and set the desired attributes (add a reflection, a picture frame, and so on). Choose
Format > Advanced > “Define as Media Placeholder” (make sure a checkmark is next to
the command name).
Working with Images
Keynote accepts all QuickTime-supported formats, including the following graphics file
types:
 TIFF
 GIF
 JPEG
 PDF
 PSD
 EPS
 PICT
After importing an image into a document, you can mask (crop) it and change its
brightness and other settings. You can place an image inside of a shape, text box, chart
element, or table cell. Keynote also lets you work with graphics with transparency
(alpha-channel graphics).
Importing an Image
Import an image directly from the Finder or from the Media Browser.
Here are ways to import an image file:
m Drag an image file from the Finder to the document and position it where you want it.
m Drag an image to the slide navigator to create a new slide containing the image.
m Click Media in the toolbar, click Photos in the Media Browser, select the album where
your picture is located, and then drag a thumbnail to position it where you want it.
m Choose Insert > Choose, select the file, and then click Insert. Drag the image to position
it where you want it.
By default, if an image you place on a slide is larger than the slide, Keynote
downsamples the image to fit the slide. (A downsampled image has fewer pixels than
the original; some of the image information is removed.) Images in JPEG format remain
JPEG images; other formats are converted to TIFF.
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After an image has been scaled down to fit on a slide, you can’t restore it to its original
size by clicking Original Size in the Metrics Inspector. To avoid downsampling and use
images at their original size, choose Keynote > Preferences, click General, and then
deselect “Reduce placed images to fit on slides.”
Masking (Cropping) Images
You can crop images without actually changing the image files by masking parts of
them.
Cropping an Image Using the Default (Rectangular) Mask
You can use a rectangular mask to define the boundaries of an image.
To crop an image using the default (rectangular) mask:
1 Import the image you want to mask (see “Importing an Image” on page 89 for
instructions).
2 Select the image, and then click the Mask button in the toolbar.
A mask appears over the image, and some controls appear.
Drag the selection handles
to resize the mask.
Drag the image to
position the part you
want to show.
Drag the slider to resize
the image.
Click to show or hide the
area outside the mask.
3 To resize the image, drag the slider above the Edit Mask button.
4 Refine the mask by doing any of the following:
 To resize the mask, drag the selection handles. To constrain the mask’s proportions,
hold down the Shift key as you drag.
 To rotate the mask, hold down the Command key as you drag a corner selection
handle.
5 Drag the image to position the part you want to show. To move the mask, click the
dotted edge of the mask and drag it.
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6 To make only the area under the mask visible, double-click the mask or image, press
Return, click outside the image, or click Edit Mask.
7 To resize or rotate the masked image, drag or Command-drag its selection handles.
8 To deselect the image and hide the mask controls, click outside the image.
Masking an Image with a Shape
You can use a shape to define the boundaries of an image.
To mask an image with a shape:
1 Do one of the following:
 Select the image and choose Format > “Mask with Shape” > Shape.
 Shift-click to select a shape and an image, and then click Mask in the toolbar (or
choose Format > “Mask with Selected Shape”).
2 Drag the image to position the part you want to show. To move the mask, click the
dotted edge of the mask and drag it.
3 To resize the image, drag the slider above the Edit Mask button.
4 To resize the mask, drag the selection handles.
5 To make only the area under the mask visible, double-click the mask or image, press
Return, click outside the image, or click Edit Mask.
6 To resize the masked image, click Edit Mask and drag the selection handles.
7 To deselect the image and hide the mask controls, click outside the image.
To modify a masked image, double-click it.
Note: If you use a shape containing text as a mask, the text is deleted. To restore the
text, choose Edit > “Undo Mask with Shape.”
You can also drag an image to mask a shape with an image.
Unmasking an Image
You can remove a mask and restore the original image.
To unmask an image:
m Select the masked image, and then click Unmask in the toolbar (or choose Format >
Unmask).
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Dragging selects the
contiguous area that
uses colors similar to the
color you click.
Removing the Background or Unwanted Elements from an Image
The Instant Alpha tool enables you to convert certain colors in an image to transparent.
This feature is useful for removing an unwanted background or other colors.
You’ll get the best results removing solid colors with clear boundaries around them. To
remove areas that are less distinct, select a smaller area and repeat the process.
To remove unwanted elements:
1 Select the image.
2 Click Alpha in the toolbar (or choose Format > Instant Alpha).
3 Click the color you want to make transparent, and then drag slowly over it.
As you drag, the selection grows to include the contiguous area that uses similar colors.
You can control how much of the image is selected by dragging less or more.
4 Repeat step 3 as many times as you like.
Dragging more here...
...selects more of
the image.
You can restore the parts removed from the image at any time. To revert to the original
image, choose Format > Remove Instant Alpha. To restore parts of the image removed
using Instant Alpha, choose Edit > Undo Instant Alpha until the parts have been
restored.
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Introduce more
warmth or coolness.
Sharpen or soften
Changing an Image’s Brightness, Contrast, and Other Settings
You can change the brightness, contrast, and other settings of images to improve their
quality or to create interesting effects. Adjustments you make don’t affect the original
image; they affect only the image’s appearance in Keynote.
To adjust an image:
1 Select the image.
2 Choose View > Show Adjust Image.
Adjust the lightness.
Adjust the contrast of light
and dark tones.
Change the color intensity.
Change the amount of red
or green tones.
the focus.
Adjust shadows and highlights.
Understand the relationship
between shadows and highlights.
Change the levels of dark
and light tones.
Enhance colors
automatically.
Restore original settings.
3 Use the controls to make adjustments.
Enhance button: Automatically adjusts the image.
Brightness: Adjusts the lightness of the image.
Contrast: Adjusts the contrast of light and dark tones. You can make shadows darker,
sharpen the edges of objects, and make colors stand out more. If you increase the
contrast of a photo a lot, it looks more like an illustration.
Saturation: Changes the color intensity.
Temperature: Introduces more warmth (more orange tones) or coldness (more blue
tones).
Tint: Changes the amount of red or green tones in the image.
Sharpness: Sharpens or softens the image’s focus.
Exposure: Adjusts shadows and highlights.
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The histogram: Helps you understand the relationship between shadows (depicted on
the left side of the display) and highlights (depicted on the right side) in your image.
Levels: Changes the levels of light and dark tones.
Auto Levels: Has Keynote enhance colors automatically.
4 To restore the original settings, click Reset Image.
To save any changes you made, save the document. The settings at the time you save
the document are visible anytime you open the Adjust Image window.
Using Sound and Movies
You can add audio—a music file or playlist from your iTunes library, or any other sound
file—to a Keynote document. You can add sound in the following ways:
 On an individual slide. The sound plays when the slide appears and stops when the
slideshow advances. See “Adding Sound to a Slide” on page 95.
 As a soundtrack for the entire slideshow. The audio starts playing when the
slideshow starts. See “Adding a Soundtrack to a Slideshow” on page 95.
 As recorded narration. You can record yourself talking about each slide. See “Adding
Narration” on page 97.
You can also add video or Flash movies that play within a slide. For Flash to work with
QuickTime 7.1.3 and later, choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click QuickTime,
click Advanced, and select Enable Flash.
Keynote accepts any QuickTime or iTunes file type, including the following:
 MOV
 FLASH
 MP3
 MPEG-4
 AIFF
 AAC
Note: Some media files are protected under copyright law. Also, some downloaded
music may be played only on the computer where the download occurred. Make sure
you have permission to use the files you want to include.
Important: To make sure that the movies and other media can be played and viewed
when your document is transferred to another computer, make sure that “Copy audio
and movies into document” is selected; after you choose Save or Save As, click the
disclosure triangle next to the field, and then click Advanced Options.
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Adding Sound to a Slide
Add sound that plays when a slide appears and stops when you move to the next slide.
Here are ways to add sound to a slide:
m Drag a sound file from the Finder to a slide.
m Click Media in the toolbar, choose iTunes from the pop-up menu, select a playlist, and
then drag a file to the slide canvas or a media placeholder. (You can also drag a
playlist.)
You can more finely control when music starts and stops by using the Start Audio and
Stop Audio effects in the Build Inspector. For more information, see “Animating Slides
with Object Builds” on page 102.
Adding a Soundtrack to a Slideshow
If you add a soundtrack, the music starts playing when the slideshow starts. You can
specify whether to play the audio once or repeatedly, or you can turn it off.
To add a soundtrack:
1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the Document Inspector button.
2 Click the Audio button.
The Document
Inspector button
Drag a sound file here
to play it throughout
the slideshow.
The Audio button
To repeat the sound
file, choose Loop.
Set the volume for
the soundtrack.
Preview your audio file.
3 Drag an audio file or playlist from the Media Browser to the Audio well in the
Document Inspector. If you change a playlist, the change won’t be reflected in your
soundtrack until you add the playlist again.
You can also drag a sound file from the Finder.
4 To repeat the sound file as long as the presentation is playing, choose Loop from the
pop-up menu in the Document Inspector.
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Adding a Movie
You can add a movie to a slide that plays when a slide appears or when the presenter
clicks the mouse.
Here are ways to add a movie:
m Drag a movie file from the Finder to the slide canvas or to a media placeholder.
m Click Media in the toolbar, click Movies, select a file, and then drag it to the slide canvas
or to a media placeholder.
m Choose Insert > Choose, select the movie file, and then click Insert.
When a movie plays during a presentation, movie controls appear when you move the
pointer over the movie if “Show playback controls when pointer is over a movie” is
selected in the Slideshow pane of Keynote preferences. The controls available depend
on the size (dimensions) of the movie; the smaller the movie, the fewer controls visible.
Also see, “Creating Movie Builds” on page 113.
Adjusting Media Playback Settings
In the QuickTime Inspector, you can change such settings as when to start and stop a
movie, and the frame to display until the movie starts playing.
To set media playback preferences:
1 Click Inspector in the toolbar, and then click the QuickTime Inspector button.
2 Click the movie or sound object to select it.
3 To start and stop the movie at particular frames or times, drag the Start and Stop
sliders.
4 To specify which frame of a movie to display until the movie starts playing (called the
“poster frame”), drag the Poster Frame slider until the movie displays the image you
want.
5 To start the movie when the presenter clicks the mouse (instead of when the slide
appears), select “Start movie on click.”
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6 Choose a repeat option from the Repeat pop-up menu:
None: Play only once.
Loop: Repeat continuously.
Loop Back and Forth: Play backward and forward continuously.
Select the frames on
which to start and stop
playing the movie.
Select to start the movie
on click (rather than
when the slide appears).
Set playback
repeat options.
The QuickTime
Inspector button
Select the frame to
display until the movie
begins playing.
Set the playback volume.
Use these controls to view
the movie or play sound as
you edit your slideshow.
7 To increase or decrease the playback volume, drag the Volume slider to the right or left.
Adding Narration
You can record yourself talking about each slide. When you advance to the next slide or
build, your timing is recorded as well.
To record a slideshow:
1 If you’re using an external microphone instead of your computer’s built-in microphone,
connect the microphone and use the Sound pane of System Preferences to configure
the input settings.
2 Select the slide on which you want the recording to start.
You don’t have to select the first slide, but a recorded slideshow plays back only from
the first recorded slide.
If you select a skipped slide, recording starts with the nearest previous unskipped slide.
3 Do one of the following:
 Open the Document Inspector, click Audio, and click Record.
 Choose File > Record Slideshow.
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4 As the presentation plays, speak into the microphone to record your narration.
A pulsing red light in the upper-left corner of the screen indicates that recording is in
progress.
5 To advance to the next slide, click the mouse or press the Right Arrow key.
The following table lists other ways you can control the presentation while you are
recording.
Press or click To do this
W (white screen), F (freeze), or B (black screen) Pause recording. Press any key to resume recording
the slideshow.
Red recording indicator Pause recording
Esc Stop playback and save the recording
Note: When you record a slideshow, Recorded is automatically chosen from the
Presentation pop-up menu in the Document Inspector.
Rerecording a Recorded Slideshow
If you record a slideshow and then modify slides, the recording might be out of sync
with the slides. You can rerecord part or all of a recorded slideshow.
To rerecord part or all of a recorded slideshow:
1 Select the slide on which you want to start rerecording.
2 Open the Document Inspector and click Audio.
3 Click Record.
4 If the selected slide was previously recorded, do one of the following:
 To replace the previous recording, starting with the selected slide, click Record &
Replace. If there was recording before the first rerecorded slide, it remains intact.
 To replace the entire recording, click Record From Beginning.
5 If the selected slide was not previously recorded, do one of the following:
 To append the new recording to the end of the previous recording, click Record &
Append.
 To replace the entire recording, click Record From Beginning.
Playing a Recorded Slideshow
When playing a recorded slideshow, you can use all the regular presentation keyboard
shortcuts (described in “Controlling a Presentation with the Keyboard” on page 173).
There are also some special options for playing recorded slideshows.
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To play a recorded slideshow:
 To listen to the narration, click the Play button on the Document Inspector’s Audio
pane. Adjust the volume by dragging the Volume slider.
 To play a recorded presentation, click Play in the toolbar, choose View >
Play Slideshow, or choose View > Play Recorded Slideshow. Note that a recorded
slideshow plays only from the first recorded slide, which might not be the first slide
in the document.
If you click Play in the toolbar and the presentation doesn’t play as expected, make sure
Recorded is chosen from the Presentation pop-up menu in the Document Inspector.
Deleting a Recording
To delete a recording:
m Open the Document Inspector, click Audio, and click Clear.
m Choose File > Clear Recording.
Adding Web Views
You can display a snapshot of a webpage (called a “web view”) on a slide. When the
document is opened, Keynote can automatically update the snapshot with the current
webpage. (The computer running the slideshow must be connected to the Internet.)
By default, the snapshot is a hyperlink you can click during a presentation to open the
webpage in a browser; you can turn off the link in the Hyperlink Inspector.
Insert a snapshot of a
webpage that updates
automatically when the
slideshow opens.
The blue arrow means
you can click the web
view during a
presentation to open
the webpage in a
browser.
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To add a web view to a slide:
1 Choose Insert > Web View.
2 In the Hyperlink Inspector, type the page’s URL (www.apple.com, for example). You can
also drag a URL’s icon from the address bar of a browser to the slide canvas; drag the
icon to the slide navigator to add a new slide and create a web view on it in one step.
3 To automatically update the webpage periodically, select “Update automatically.”
If you don’t select “Update automatically,” you can update the webpage at any time by
clicking Update Now.
4 Optionally resize or reposition the web view (the webpage image is imported at full
size). The web view stays at the same resolution when you resize it.
5 By default, the web view is automatically a hyperlink, which you can click during a
presentation to open the webpage in a browser. To turn off this feature, deselect
“Enable as a hyperlink” in the Hyperlink Inspector.
When this option is
selected, you can click
the web view during a
presentation to open the
webpage in a browser.
Making an Object a Hyperlink
In addition to text hyperlinks, you can turn images and shapes into hyperlinks that
perform the following actions when you click them during a presentation:
 Go to a particular slide
 Open a webpage on the Internet
 Open another Keynote document
 Open an email message
 Exit the slideshow
Turn images into hyperlinks that open
another slide, a Keynote document, a
webpage, or an email message. The
small blue arrow (visible only while
you’re editing a slide) means the item
is a clickable hyperlink.
See “Using Hyperlinks” on page 61 for instructions.
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