Apple 2300 User Manual

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Macintosh PowerBook Duo

User’s Guide

Includes setup, troubleshooting, and health-related information for Macintosh PowerBook Duo 2300 series computers

K Apple Computer, Inc.

written consent of Apple. Your rights to the software are governed by the accompanying software license agreement.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not responsible for printing or clerical errors.

Apple Computer, Inc. 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 (408) 996-1010

Apple, the Apple logo, AppleShare, AppleTalk, EtherTalk, LaserWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, PowerBook, PowerBook Duo, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

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which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an

endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products.

The Apple Publishing System

This Apple manual was written, edited, and produced on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and QuarkXPress. Technical illustrations were drawn in Adobe Illustrator; screen shots were created and modified with system software, ExposurePro, Aldus SuperPaint, and Adobe Photoshop. Proof pages were created on Apple LaserWriter printers and on QMS and Tektronix color printers. Final pages were output directly to separated film on a PostScript

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Apple’s corporate font. Ornaments are custom symbols designed for Apple Computer. PostScript, the LaserWriter page-description language, was developed by Adobe Systems

Incorporated.

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Con tents

Communications regulation infor mation vii

Preface Welcome to PowerPC ix

Part I

1Getting Started 1

Plugging in the computer 3 Opening the display 5 Turning your computer on 6 Problems turning the computer on? 8 What’s next? 9 Learning the basics 10 Revi ew ing the basi cs 13 Tur ning the computer off 15 Putting the computer to sleep 17 Restarting a computer that’s already on 19 Where to find answers 21

iii

2Getting Help 23

Getting answers to your questions 24 Identifying objects on the screen 32 Learning useful shortcuts 33

3Connecting Additional Equipment 35

The PowerBook Duo Dock Plus 36 The PowerBook Duo MiniDock 38 The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter 39 Connecting a printer 39 Connecting a modem 40 Connecting SCSI devices 43 Connecting sound input and output devices 49 Connecting a monitor 50 Connecting other devices 50 Adding memory to your computer 50

4Installing and Using Application Programs 51

Usi ng S oftware Highlights 51 Getting help for application programs 53 Installi ng application programs 53 Working with several programs at a time 54 Usi ng “native” application programs 55 Backing up your files 56 Making software disks 57

Contents

5Power Management 63

Power sources 63 Monitoring the battery charge 63 Recharging the battery 66 Removing or replacing the battery 70 Disposing of dead batteries 71 Replacing the backup battery 72 Reconditioning the battery 72 Maximizing work time 75

Part II

6Tips and Troubleshooting 79

When you have questions 79 When you run into trouble 79 Problems starting up the computer 80 Problems worki ng with programs 85 Other problems while working 89 Problems with hardware 92 Problems with equipment connected to your Macintosh PowerBook 103 Problems with networks and file sharing 10 4 Problems with Apple Remote Access 107

7Diagnostic Techniques 109

Checking your system software extensions 109 Testing your hard disk 111 Reinstalli ng system software 113

Contents

Part III

Appendix A Health, Safety, and Maintenance Tips 125

Health-related information about computer use 125 Important care and safety instructions 131 Caring for batteries 133 Handling floppy disks 134 Traveling with the Macintosh PowerBook 135 Storing the Macintosh PowerBook 137 Service and support 137

Appe n dix B Using Your Keyboard 139

Typi ng s p ecial chara cter s and symbols 141 Special key combinations 143

Index 145

Contents

Communications regulation information

FCC statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected.

Radio and television interference

The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.

If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

m Turn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops. m Move the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio. m Move the computer farther away from the television or radio. m Plug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio.

(That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

If necessary, consult an Apple-authorized service provider or Apple. See the service and support information that came with your Apple product. Or, consult an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find the following booklet helpful:

Handbook (stock number 004-000-00493-1). This booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission, is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

IMPORTANT

could void the FCC certification and negate your authority to operate the product. This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of Apple

peripheral devices and Apple shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use Apple peripheral devices and shielded cables and connectors between system components to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. You can obtain Apple peripheral devices and the proper shielded cables and connectors through an Apple-authorized dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance.

Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc.,

Interference

Communications Regulation Information

vii

DOC statement

DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus,” ICES-003 of the Department of Communications.

Observation des normes—Classe B Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe B prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur: “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par le ministre des Communications.

VCCI statement

viii

Communications Regulation Information

Chapter 1 Get ting S tar ted Chapter 2 Getting H e lp Chapter 3 Connecting Additional Equipment Chapter 4 Installing and Using App lication Programs Chapter 5 Power Management

part

Follow the instructions in this

chapter to set up your computer

and learn the basics.

Getting Started

The illustration on the following page provides an overview of your Macintosh PowerBook computer. To set up your PowerBook for the first time, you need the power adapter and the power cord that came with your computer.

When setting up your computer, place your computer on a sturdy, flat surface near a grounded electrical outlet. Before following the setup instructions in this chapter, you may want to read “Arranging Your Work Area and Equipment” in Appendix A for tips on adjusting your work furniture and computer so that you’re comfortable when usi ng the computer.

Sleep indicator

Microphone

Trackpad

Battery

Trackpad button

Brightness controls

Speaker

Power key

Internal modem port

(if a modem is installed)

Elevation feet

Reset button

Docking connection (behind door)

Printer/External

[

⁄

modem port

Power adapter port

Pluggin g in the computer

Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s batteries. You should plug in the power adapter in case the battery has drained during shipping or storage.

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your Macintosh PowerBook. Adapters for other electronic devices (includi ng other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

When you are ready to b egin:

1Plug one end of the power cord into the power adapter and the other end into a three-

hole grounded outlet or power strip.

WARNING

This equipment is intended to be electrically grounded. Your Macintosh PowerBook is equipped with a three-wire grounding plug— a plug that has a third (grounding) pin. This plug will fit only a grounded AC outlet. This is a safety feature. If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet, contact a licensed electrician to replace the outlet with a properly grounded outlet. Do not defeat the purpose of the grounding plug!

Getting Started

2Plug the power adapter cable into the power adapter port (marked with the icon

Power cord

Wrap cable around the hooks.

Power adapter

the back panel of the computer.

) on

You can wind extra cable around the hooks that open out from the power adapter.

Depending on where you purchased your computer, you may also have received a wall mount plug. You can use this plug instead of the power cord to plug the power adapter directly into an electrical outlet.

Chapter 1

Opening the display

1Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display.

2Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle.

You can adjust the angle of the display at any time by tilting it towards or away from you.

You can adjust the keyboard angle by lowering the computer’s elevation feet. (See “Arranging Your Work Area and Equipment” in Appendix A.)

Getting Started

Turning the computer on

Power key

To tu r n on the computer:

Press the Power key (marked with a triangle

You should hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a moment to start up.

) above the keyboard.

Chapter 1

After your computer starts up for the first time, a picture similar to this appears on the screen:

(

Note: Your screen should look very similar to this, but it may not look

exactly the same.) If you don’t see this picture on your screen, go to the next section, “Problems

Turning Your Computer On?”

Getting Started

Problem s turning you r computer on?

Brightness controls

Nothing happened when you pressed the Power key.

The battery may be drained. Make sure you plugged in the power adapter, and that the power adapter is firmly connected to both the computer and a power source. If the power adapter is plugged into a power strip, make sure the power strip is plugged in a nd turned on. Then try pressing the key again.

If the computer still doesn’t turn on, see “Problems Starting Up the Computer” in Chapter 6.

The computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on the screen.

Adjust t he brightness controls (marked with the icon ¤) until an image appears and the screen is easy to read.

Chapter 1

You see a picture of a disk with a blinking question mark on the screen.

This icon usually means that the computer can’t find system software on the hard disk or any disks attached to the computer. You may n eed to reinstall system software. See “Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 7.

What’s next?

Yo u’ve now finished setting up your Macintosh PowerBook. Continue with one of the following steps:

m If you are new to the Macintosh, turn to the next section, “Learning the

Basics.”

m If you are an experienced Macintosh user, turn to Chapter 2, “Getting

Help,” to learn about Macintosh Guide, your main source of information when you’re working with the Macintosh.

m If you have additional equipment to connect to your computer, see

Chapter 3, “Connecting Additional Equipment,” for instructions. (If you are a new Macintosh user, you should complete “Learning the Basics” before connecting additional equipment.)

m If you have application programs that you want to install on your computer,

see Chapter 4, “Installing and Using Application Programs,” for instructions. This chapter also tells you how to make backup copies of the system software if you have access to a floppy disk drive. (If you are a new Macintosh user, you should complete “Learning the Basics” before installing application programs.)

IMPORTANT

If you need to turn off your computer at any point, read the instructions in “Turning the Computer Off” later in this chapter to learn the correct procedure for turning off your PowerBook.

Getting Started

Learning the basics

Trackpad Trackpad button

If you are new to the Macintosh, you should begin by looking at the easy-touse p r ogram called the Macintosh Tutorial. The tutorial teaches you the basic skills you’ll n eed to use your computer. To start the tutorial, follow these steps:

1Move your finger on the trackpad to move the arrow pointer (

) on the screen.

Place your index finger on the trackpad and your thumb on the trackpad button. Don’t press the trackpad button yet.

Move your finger across the trackpad, watching the arrow on the screen. Notice that the arrow on the screen moves in the same direction that you move your finger on the trackpad.

Chapter 1

The trackpad is sensitive not only to the direction you move your finger, but also to how fast you move your finger. If you want the pointer to move a short distance across the screen, you move your finger slowly across the trackpad. The faster you move your finger, the farther the pointer moves on the screen.

Tips for using the trackpad

For best results when using the trackpad, keep in mi nd these tips:

m Use your index finger (left or right hand). Use only one finger. m Use a light touch on the trackpad. Do not press heavily. m Use only your finger on the trackpad. Do not use a pen or any

other object.

m Extend your PowerBook’s elevation feet wh en it is placed on a flat

surface. This gives your fingers b etter access to the keyboard and makes it easier to use the tip of your finger on the surface of the trackpad.

m Sometimes humidity or condensation may cause moisture to gather

on the trackpad. If this happens, gently wipe the trackpad with a clean cloth before you use it.

m Use the trackpad to click and drag items by turning on these options

in the Trackpad control panel. For instructions, see “How do I use the trackpad to click and drag?” in the “Setting Options” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about Macintosh Guide in Chapter 2 of this manual.)

2Move your finger on the trackpad so that the tip of the arrow (

mark in the upper-right portion of the screen.

3With the tip of the arrow (8) on the question mark, press and hold down the trackpad

button.

) points to the question

A list of choices (called a menu) appears. This is the Guide (h) menu, which is the place to go when you have a question about how to use your computer.

Getting Started

4While holding down the trackpad button, move the arrow (

Tutorial” are highlighted, then release the trackpad button.

)until the words “Macintosh

A window appears welcoming you to the tutorial.

You can set aside this book for now and follow the instructions you see on the screen. When you have completed the tutorial, return to this book.

Chapter 1

Reviewing the basics

You can use the following illustrations to review the elements you use on your screen to do work with your computer.

Control Strip

Menus

The strip across the top of the screen is called the menu bar. The symbols and words in it represent menus of commands. To op en a menu, place the pointer on the symbol or word for the menu and press the mouse button.

Icons

Window

Guide menu

To find an answer to a question,

look in the Guide (

) menu.

Application menu

You can have several application programs open at once. To see which progra m i s a c t i v e or to switch from one program to another, use this menu (called the Application menu).

Getting Started

Icons

Icons are small pictures that represent disks, programs, documents, and folders. You can double-click any icon to open it and see what it contains.

This icon represents your computer’s internal hard disk.

Icons like this one represent application programs, which you use to create documents and do other work.

Icons like this one represent documents, which you can create and edit.

Icons like this represent folders. A folder contains other icons.

To throw away an item you no longer want, drag it to the Trash icon and choose Empty Trash from the Special menu.

Windows

Windows are boxes that display text, graphics, or icons. To change th e shape or position of a window, or to close the window, use the elements shown here.

To make a partially

covered window

active, click

anywhere in it.

Chapter 1

Close box

To close a window, click the close box.

Title bar

To move a window, drag it by the middle of the title bar (anywhere in the bar except the small boxes).

Scroll arrow

To bring hidden portions of a window’s contents into view, click one of the four scroll arrows.

Size box

To change the shape or size of a window, drag the size box.

Control Strip

The Control Strip gives you a quick and easy way to monitor and update your PowerBook’s power management options and other useful features. For instructions on using the Control Strip, see the ‘“Batteries & Power” and “Control Strip” topic areas of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about Macintosh Guide in Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Turning the computer off

Always use one of the following methods to shut down the computer. If you don’t, you risk losing any work you haven’t previously saved on a disk. You also risk losing any open documents.

Turning the computer off with the Power key

To tu r n the computer off, press the Power key. Detailed instructions follow.

1If the computer is in sleep, press the Power key (or any key on the keyboard except Caps

Lock) to wake it.

For information on the sleep feature of your Macintosh PowerBook, see “Putting the Computer to Sleep,” next.

2Press and hold the Power key for about two seconds.

The following dialog box appears on the screen:

3Press the Return key on the keyboard (or click the Shut Down button in the dialog box).

Getting Started

Turning the computer off with the Shut Down command

You can also turn your computer off by using the Shut Down command in the Special menu. Follow these steps:

1If the computer is in sleep, press the Power key (or any key on the keyboard except Caps

Lock) to wake it.

2Move the tip of the arrow to the word “Special” at the top center of the screen.

If the word “Special” does not appear at the top of the screen, you’re working in the wrong program. Choose Finder from the Application menu at the far-right end of the menu bar.

3With the tip of the arrow on the word “Special,” press and hold down the trackpad

button.

4While holding down the trackpad button, move the arrow until the words “Shut Down”

are highlighted, then release the button.

Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from using the Power key or choosing Shut Down —for example, if the computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackpad—you ca n turn off the computer by pressing the reset button (marked with a I) on the back of the computer. Use this method only if you ca nnot choose Shut Down or Restart when you press the Power key, or if you cannot choose either command from the Special menu.

Chapter 1

Putting the computer to sleep

Sleep indicator

Sleep is a power conservation feature of Macintosh PowerBook computers that reduces the amount of power the computer draws when it’s not being used. When the computer is in sleep, it has a darkened screen and appears to be off. A small green light flashes on the top of the display case when the computer is in sleep. (Note: The computer must be on in order for you to put it to sleep.)

To put the computer to sleep, do this:

1Press and hold the Power key for about two seconds. 2Click the Sleep button.

WARNING

Once you put your computer to sleep, listen for the hard disk to stop spinning before you transport your Macintosh PowerBook. Transpor ting your Macintosh PowerBook with the hard disk spinning can damage your computer.

Getting Started

Other ways of putting your computer to sleep

m You can choose the Sleep command from the Special menu to put your

computer to sleep.

m Move the pointer over the Sleep Now portion of the Control Strip. Press the

button and choose Sleep Now from the pop-up menu that appears.

m You can also put your computer to sleep by closing and latchi ng the display. For information on other ways of putting the computer to sleep, see the

“Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about using Macintosh Guide in Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Automatic sleep

If you don’t use the computer for several mi nutes, it goes to sleep automatically. This conserves battery power.

To w a ke th e co mputer, press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock). The screen will reappear as it was before the computer went to sleep.

You can control the automatic sleep feature. For more information on sleep and automatic sleep, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available i n the Guide (h) menu. (You can learn about using Macintosh Guide i n Chapter 2 of this manual.)

Chapter 1

Restarting a computer that’s already on

You need to restart your computer—turn it off and back on again—when you want to make certain changes to settings, use a newly installed system software file, or start up the computer using a different disk.

You may also n eed to restart if you see a “system error” message on the screen (indicating a temporary software problem). In this case, use th e trackpad to click the Restart button that appears.

Follow these instructions to restart your computer:

1Press and hold the Power key for about two seconds. 2Click the Restart button.

You can also do this to restart: m Choose Restart from the Special menu.

If the Special menu does not appear in the menu bar, you’re working in the wrong program. Choose Finder from the Application menu at the far-right end of the menu bar.

Getting Started

When you choose Restart, the computer prompts you to save your work, closes all open programs, and restarts itself.

Restarting using either of the methods outlined above does not affect your RAM disk (if you created one) or its contents.

Trouble? If a problem with the computer prevents you from using the Power key or choosing Restart—for example, if th e computer “freezes” so that the pointer does not respond to the trackpad—you can turn off the computer by pressi ng the reset button (marked with a I) on the back of the computer. Use this method only if you cannot choose Shut Down or Restart from the dialog box that appears when you press the Power key, or if you cannot choose either command from the Special menu.

Chapter 1

Whe re to find answers

User’s GuideUser’s Guide

Macintosh PowerBookMacintoshPowerBook

When you have questions about using your Macintosh, there are several places you can look for answers.

In this book

Use this book to help you set up your computer and learn about it, or to find solutions to problems with your equipment.

In the Guide menu

The Guide menu (marked with the hicon) is your main source of information about the Macintosh. To learn how to get different kinds of help from the Guide menu, see Chapter 2 in this book.

In other manuals

For answers to questions about other equipment or about application programs you have purchased, see the manuals that came with the equipment or programs.

In Read Me files

The Read Me files on your computer’s hard disk are SimpleText documents that contain important late-breaking information about your PowerBook and some of the software that comes with your PowerBook.

From Apple’s customer support hotline

If you can’t find an answer in any of the materials provided, call the customer support hotline. (The phone number for the hotline is in the service and support information that came with your computer.)

If you have problems with a particular application program, contact the manufacturer of theprogram.

Getting Started

Use the instructions in this chapter

to learn about the help available

to you in the Guide (h) menu.

Getting Help

The Guide (h) menu is your main source of information when you’re working with your computer. The menu is identified by a question mark (h) in the upper-right corner of the screen.

Getting answers to your questions

When you have a question while working with your computer, you can get the answer by choosing Macintosh Guide from the Guide (h) menu.

1Pull down the Application menu (in the upper-right corner of the screen) and choose

Finder to make it the active application program.

A checkmark in the menu indicates that the Finder is the active program.

2Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

icon) and choose Macintosh Guide.

The Macintosh Guide window appears.

Whenever you use Macintosh Guide, its window remains in front of other windows. If the window gets in your way, you ca n move it by draggi ng its title ba r (the gray bar across the top of the window).

Chapter 2

3Notice the three buttons at the top of the window: Topics, Index, and Look For.

Macintosh Guide gives you three ways of finding information:

Topics

lets you choose from a list of general subjects; it is like the table of

contents in a book.

Index

lets you choose from an alphabetical list of more specific subjects; it

is like the index in a book.

Look For

lets you search for information related to a specific word or phrase

that you type. In the following sections you will practice usi ng each method. If you have problems while using Macintosh Guide, see “Tips for Using

Macintosh Guide” later in this chapter.

Getting answers with the Topics button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Topics button.

A list of general topics appears on the left side of the Macintosh Guide window. (Depending on the hardware and software you have, the list of topics may look different.)

Getting Help

2Click “Setting Options” in the list of topics.

When you click any topic area, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

3Click the question “How do I set the time and date?” and then click OK. Or double-click

the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

4 Read and follow the instructions in this window.

5When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

Chapter 2

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right cor ner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Getting answers with the Index button

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Index button.

An alphabetical list of subjects appears on the left side of the window.

Slider

Scroll bar

2Scroll through the alphabetical list until the phrase “background pattern” is visible.

You can scroll through the list either by dragging the slider to the letter B or

by using the scroll bar at the right of the list.

3Click the phrase “background pattern” in the alphabetical list.

When you click any index entry, a list of related questions appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4Click the question “How do I change the background pattern?” and then click OK. Or

If you want to

return to the main

Macintosh Guide

window, click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the Topics button in the lower-left corner to

double-click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right cor ner to see the next step.

return to the main Macintosh Guide window.

Now continue with the next section.

Chapter 2

1 In the Macintosh Guide window, click the Look For button.

To activate the text

box, click here.

Type a word or phrase

in the text box…

…and then click here.

2Click the arrow button to activate the text box. 3Type “sound” in the text box and then click Search.

Getting answers with the Look For button

A small box appears on the left side of the window, where you can type text.

When you click Search, a list of questions related to the word or phrase you typed appears on the right side of the Macintosh Guide window.

To get instructions, click a question…

…and then click OK.

Getting Help

4Click the question “How do I change the beep sound?” and then click OK. Or double-

If you want to close

Macintosh Guide,

click here.

5 Read and follow the instructions in the window.

6When you have completed all the steps, click the close box in the upper-left corner to

click the question.

A small window appears with instructions for you to follow.

Click here to see the next step (if there is one).

Macintosh Guide provides step-by-step instructions to answer the question you selected. When you have completed each step, click the right arrow in the lower-right cor ner to display the next step.

close Macintosh Guide.

Chapter 2

Tips for using Macintosh Guide

Here are a few tips for using Macintosh Guide effectively:

m Macintosh Guide is available only when you are in the Finder—the

desktop area where you can see the icons of disks, folders, and files. (Other programs may also have help available in the Guide menu, however.) If you don’t see Macintosh Guide in the Guide menu, pull down the Application menu (to the right of th e Guide menu) and choose Finder.

m Foll ow the steps when you’re instructed to; don’t skip ahead or read

ahead. That way the computer can check to make sure you’ve done a step correctly.

m Unlike most windows, the Macintosh Guide window stays in front of

other windows on the screen so that your instructions are never covered. If you need to move the Guide window out of the way, drag it by the title bar at the top of the window.

You can also move the window out of the way by clicking the zoom box. Click the box once to shrink the window; click it a second time to expand the window to its original size.

m If you need more information about a n instruction or a term, click the

button labeled “Huh?” to get further explanation. (The “Huh?” button is dimmed when no additional information is available.)

m If you want to return to the main Macintosh Guide window, click the

Topics button in the lower-left corner of the Guide window.

m When you’re finished usi ng Macintosh Guide, click the close box in

the upper-left corn er of the window.

Close box

Topics button

“Huh?” button

Title bar

Zoom box

Right arrow

Getting Help

Identifying objects on the screen

Sometimes you’ll see a n unfamiliar item on the screen and ask yourself, “What’s that?” You can get an answer by using a Macintosh feature known as Balloon Help.

Balloon Help explains the function of icons, menus, commands, and other items on the Macintosh screen in balloons like those you see i n comic strips.

Follow these steps to use Balloon Help:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

2Point to any object on the screen that you want to identify.

icon) and choose Show Balloons.

A balloon appears next to the object. In the following illustration, for example, pointing to the Trash displays a balloon that explains how to use the Trash to throw items away.

Although balloons appear next to items wh en you point to them, the way you work does not change; you can still select icons, choose commands, and so on.

Chapter 2

3 When you’re finished using Balloon Help, choose Hide Balloons from the Guide (

) menu.

Learning useful shortcuts

You can perform many tasks in the Finder more quickly if you use keyboard or trackpad shortcuts. For example, instead of clicking an icon and choosing Open from the File menu, you can simply double-click the icon to open it.

Foll ow thes e steps to learn keyboard a nd trackpad shortcuts:

1Pull down the Guide menu (marked with the

2Click one of the category buttons.

If you want to

close the window,

click here.

icon) and choose Shortcuts.

The main Macintosh Shortcuts window appears.

Another window appears, describi ng shortcuts for that category.

Click here to return to

the main Macintosh

Shortcuts window for

more categories.

Click here to see the next window (if there is one).

Getting Help

3 Read about the shortcuts available for the category you selected.

Click the right arrow in the lower-right corner of the window to display the next window (if there is one).

4When you finish reading about the shortcuts for your category, click the Topics button in

the lower-left corner to return to the main Macintosh Shortcuts window. Or click the close box in the upper-left corner to close the window.

Chapter 2

Read this chapter for information on

Docking connection

Power adapter port

[⁄W

Printer/External modem port

Reset button

Internal modem port (if a modem is installed)

expanding your computer system

with additional hardware.

Connecting Additional Equipment

The illustration below shows where equipment can be connected to your computer. Refer to the manuals that came with your equipment for instructions on conn ecting it.

In addition to connecting certain equipment directly to your Macintosh

Floppy disk drive

Security slot

Internal modem port

Sound output port

SCSI port

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

NuBus slots

External modem port

™

Monitor port

Power button

≈

Sound input port

Ethernet port

[

Printer port

Monitor power

socket

≤

Power socket

PowerBook, you can also expand your system with the following accessories:

m the PowerBook Duo Dock Plus m the PowerBook Duo MiniDock m the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter

A brief overview of these accessories follows. For more information, see the documentation that comes with them. You can purchase any of these products from an Apple-authorized dealer.

The PowerBook Duo Dock Plus

The PowerBook Duo Dock Plus is the most versatile expansion option for Macintosh PowerBook Duo 2300 series computers. A dock is itself not a computer—you need a Macintosh PowerBook Duo 2300 series or a PowerBook 200 series computer to use it. When a PowerBook is “do cked,” it has the video, storage, and input/output capabilities available on most desktop Macintosh computers.

The drawing below shows where you can connect a variety of devices to a Duo Dock Plus.

Chapter 3

IMPORTANT

You cannot use the PowerBook Duo Dock, an earlier model of dock, with your Macintosh PowerBook Duo 2300 series computer unless it has the Top Cover Upgrade installed. (The upgraded top cover has a door covering the opening at the front of the dock.) The upgrade is available from an Apple-authorized dealer.

You can also use your Macintosh PowerBook with the Duo Dock II or a Duo Dock (with the Top Cover Upgrade). These docks are earlier models that have somewhat different features from the Duo Dock Plus.

The Duo Dock Plus comes with many built-in features; several optional features are also available. These features include

m an internal 1.4 MB floppy disk drive m an optional internal SCSI hard disk drive (any available capacity that meets

Apple’s specifications; up to 1 inch high)

m standard ports including SCSI (with an HDI-30 connector), monitor,

printer, modem, Apple Desktop Bus (ADB), sound input, sound output, and EtherTalk

m a separate mouse and keyboard m slot s for two NuBus cards for additional video, Token Ring, or other

capabilities. Wh en using the Macintosh PowerBook Duo 2300 in a ny Duo Dock model, the NuBus cards installed cannot consume more than 15 watts of power. Check the documentation that came with your cards to determine thei r power consumption. (Note that if you use two NuBus cards in your Duo Dock Plus, the bottom of your PowerBook may feel warm when you eject it from the dock. This is normal and will not harm your PowerBook.)

m built-in video support for a wide variety of monitors m 1 MB VRAM for 16-bit color on 16" or smaller color monitors, 8-bit

grayscale on the Apple 15" portrait monitor and the Macintosh Two-Page Display, and 8-bit color on 17" or larger color monitors

m an automatic insert/eject feature to ensure reliable docking m a key-operated lock to prevent theft of the docked PowerBook m a slot door that protects the interior of your Duo Dock Plus when your

PowerBook is not docked

Connecting Additional Equipment

The PowerBook Duo Mini Do ck

≈

Sound input port

Sound output port

SCSI port

[

Printer port

™

Monitor port

Apple Desktop Bus

(ADB) port

Floppy disk drive port

Power adapter port

Power button

Security slot

External modem port

Internal modem port

The PowerBook Duo MiniDock allows you to connect a wide variety of devices to the Macintosh PowerBook. Like the Duo Dock Plus, the minidock with peripheral devices connected to it is not a computer—you need a Macintosh PowerBook Duo 2300 series (or a PowerBook 200 series) computer to make the system work.

Chapter 3

The minidock attaches to the back of the PowerBook and allows you to use the followi ng types of equipment with your computer:

m a variety of monitors (including Apple’s 17" monitor and other monitors up

to 16")

m up to three Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) input devices (such as a keyboard

or mouse)

m an external 1.4 MB floppy disk drive m up to six SCSI devices, includi ng hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and

scanners

m a printer m an external modem m LocalTalk cable s, to connect to an AppleTalk network m an external microphone, set of headphones, or speakers

The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter

External floppy disk drive port

PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter

Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter allows you to connect an external 1.4 MB floppy disk drive (HDI-20) and up to three Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) devices—such as a keyboard or mouse—to your computer.

Connecting a printer

The printer/external modem port (´) on your Macintosh PowerBook ca n accept either a direct connection (to a printer such as a StyleWriter) or a network connection (to a printer such as a LaserWriter). In addition to connecting the printer or network cable to the port, you may have to adjust one or more software settings to assure that the computer’s signals reach your printer.

Adjustments for a printer connected directly to the port

If you are connecting a printer directly to the printer/external modem port, be sure to

m select the icon for your pri nter in the Chooser m turn off AppleTalk in the Chooser

Note: If an inter nal modem is installed, remove the X from the box labeled “Use internal modem instead of Modem Port” in the Express Modem control panel or click the Normal button in the PowerBook Setup control panel.

For instructions, see “How do I print?” i n the “Printing & Fonts” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Adjustments for a network printer

If you are using a printer that is part of a network, be sure to

m make AppleTalk active in the Chooser m select LocalTal k or EtherTalk in the Network control pan el m select the icon for your pri nter in the Chooser (upper-left side) m select the printer’s name in the Chooser (upper-right side)

For instructions, see “How do I print?” i n the “Printing & Fonts” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Adjustments for sharing a modem and printer

If you are using a printer alternately with an external modem (through the printer/external modem port), you may need to cancel some modem options before printing. Be sure to

m remove the X from the box labeled “Use internal modem instead of

Modem Port” in the Express Modem control pan el. (See the next section, “Connecting a Modem,” for details.)

m turn off automatic answer in the fax software m turn off automatic answer in Apple Remote Access (if you have installed

that software)

Connecting a modem

Chapter 3

For instructions, see the ma nuals for your modem and communications or fax software.

Appl e offers optional, low-power, internal fax/data modems for your Macintosh PowerBook. See the modem manual for information about your modem.

You can also connect an external modem to any of the following:

m the printer/external modem port on the PowerBook m the external modem or printer port on a Duo MiniDock m the external modem or printer port on a Duo Dock Plus

To connect an external modem, follow these steps.

External modem port icon

Printer/External modem port icon

1Make sure the computer is in sleep or shut down. 2Connect the modem to a power source and to the phone line.

See the documentation that came with the modem.

3Make sure the modem is turned off. 4Connect the modem cable to the printer/external modem port (PowerBook) or the

external modem port (Duo Dock Plus or Duo MiniDock).

5 Turn on the modem. 6Wake or restart the computer. 7 Open the Chooser and click the LaserWriter icon.

Selecting a LaserWriter assures that the pri nter/external modem por t is not dedicated to a pri nter that is connected directly to the computer.

8If you are not using EtherTalk (on a dock), click the Inactive button for AppleTalk (in the

lower right area of the Chooser).

Making AppleTalk inactive clears the port for the modem’s use. If your computer does not have an internal modem, the external modem is

ready to use. If your computer does have an internal modem, continue with step 9.

9Choose Control Panels from the Apple (

control panel.

) menu and open the Express Modem

Connecting Additional Equipment

10 Choose General Settings from the pop-up menu.

11 If there is an X in the box labeled “Use internal modem instead of Modem Port,” click the

box to remove the X.

Removing the X from the box assures that the printer/external modem port will receive the computer’s signals.

12 Close the control panel.

The external modem is ready to use. If you don’t have the Express Modem control panel: If you have another kind of

internal modem, you can activate an external modem by opening the PowerBook Setup control pa nel and clicking the Normal button. (The internal modem may also have its own control panel. See the manual that came with th e modem for complete instructions.)

Chapter 3

Connecting SCSI devices

A SCSI device is any product—includi ng hard disk drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners, and printers—that connects with your computer by means of a standard electronic interface, called Small Computer System Interface (SCSI).

You can attach up to six SCSI devices to your computer by linking them together in a chain that star ts at your dock’s SCSI port. There is a SCSI port on the PowerBook Duo Dock Plus and the PowerBook Duo MiniDock. (There is no SCSI port on Macintosh PowerBook Duo 2300 series computers.)

To connect a SCSI device to your PowerBook, you need a n Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable or equivalent. This cable is light gray (the same color as desktop Macintosh computers), is about 19 inches long, a nd has 29 pins (one “missing pin”).

Refer to the manuals that came with your SCSI devices for instructions on installing any necessary software, setting SCSI ID numb ers, and connecting SCSI cables and SCSI terminators. Refer to the illustrations that follow for the proper positioning of SCSI termi nators. A chain of SCSI devices must include a terminator attached to the last device in the chain (but nowhere else in the chain). Some devices have internal terminators. Your Macintosh PowerBook does not have an internal terminator.

The names and the part numbers of the cables mentioned in this chapter are the following :

Type of connection Name of cable Part number

From a Duo Dock Plus or Duo Apple HDI-30 SCSI System Cable M2538LL/A MiniDock to a SCSI device

From SCSI device to Apple SCSI Peripheral Interface Cable M0207 a SCSI device

For SCSI disk mode Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter Cable M2539LL/A

WARNING

When connecting SCSI equipment, always turn off powe r to all devices in the chain, including your computer. If you don’t, you could lose information and damage your equipment.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Wher e to ad d cable terminators when connecting a single SCSI device:

SCSI peripheral interface cables

HDI-30 SCSI system cable

Terminator (If this SCSI device has an internal terminator, omit this external terminator.)

HDI-30 SCSI system cable

Where to add cable terminators when connecting two or more SCSI devices:

Using your PowerBook as a hard disk

If you have a PowerBook Duo MiniDock, you can purchase a cable called the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter, which lets you connect your PowerBook to another computer as a hard disk. The PowerBook appears on the desktop of the other computer as a hard disk icon, and you can tra nsfer information between the computers by dragging files. This feature is called SCSI disk mode.

Chapter 3

The Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter is dark gray, is much shorter than the SCSI system cabl e, and has 30 pins.

The PowerBook Duo Dock Plus does not support SCSI disk mode.

WARNING

Foll ow the steps for connecting and disconnecting SCSI devices carefully to avoid loss of information and damage to your equipment.

Connecting your computer as a hard disk

Before making any connections, you need to assign a unique SCSI ID number to the Powe rBook. (The unique ID number allows the computer to communicate with several connected devices.)

1 Turn off password protection in the Password Security control panel (if it is turned on).

For instructions, see “How do I turn password security on and off?” in the “Setti ng Options” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

2Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( 3 Open the PowerBook Setup control panel.

4 In the SCSI Disk Mode section of the control panel, click the ID number you want

to assign.

) menu of your PowerBook computer.

If you are connecting the PowerBook to an existing SCSI chain, make sure to give it an ID number different from those of the other devices. (Many devices include an ID number indicator on the back panel.)

(The SCSI ID number is preset to 2 at the factory.)

5Close the PowerBook Setup control panel. 6Press the Power (P) key on the PowerBook until you see the Shut Down dialog box, and

click Shut Down to turn the PowerBook off.

7Shut down the computer you are connecting to, and turn off any other devices in the

SCSI chain.

Connecting Additional Equipment

8Connect the small connector on the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable to the SCSI

port on your PowerBook Duo MiniDock.

If there are SCSI devices connected to the other computer, attach a SCSI peripheral cable to the last device in the SCSI chain.

9If you are connecting the PowerBook directly to the other computer (rather than to an

external device in the SCSI chain), attach a SCSI system cable to the other computer.

10 Connect the large connector on the Apple HDI-30 SCSI Disk Adapter cable to a SCSI

cable attached to the SCSI port on the last device in the SCSI chain, or to the SCSI system cable on the other computer.

Connect the PowerBook and disk adapter only at the end of a SCSI chain.

WARNING

Always shut down the PowerBook before connecting or disconnecting the SCSI disk adapter cable. Connecting the adapter cable while the computer is turned on can damage the computer.

11 Turn on the PowerBook by pressing the Power key.

After a few seconds a SCSI icon appears on the screen, showing the ID number you assigned in step 3.

(The icon moves around on the screen while the PowerBook is operating as a hard disk.)

Chapter 3

WARNING

If you do not see the SCSI icon, and the computer starts normally or displays an er ror message, choose Shut Down (if you can) and then immediately disconnect your computer from the SCSI chain. (If you ca n’t choose Shut Down, you should disconnect the cable anyway, or you may lose information.) T hen go back a nd repeat steps 6 through 10, making sure to use the proper cables.

Password protection must be turned off in the Password Security control panel while using your PowerBook in SCSI disk mode. Turn password protection off if you experience problems. See “How do I turn password security on and off?” in the “Setting Options” topic area of Maci ntosh Guide, available in t he Guide (h) menu.

12 Turn on the other SCSI devices in the chain, if any. 13 Turn on the other computer.

The PowerBook appears as a hard disk icon on the desktop of the computer you connected it to. You can now transfer and use files as if the PowerBook were an external hard disk.

WARNING

Always disconnect your minidock from the adapter cable when you are not using it as a hard disk. Your PowerBook will not work correctly if the adapter cable remains attached.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Drawing b attery power in SCSI disk mode

Your PowerBook continues to draw battery power wh en you use it as a hard disk. Low battery power is indicated by a blinki ng low-power warning on the PowerBook’s screen.

If you see this warning while using your computer as a hard disk, either plug in the power adapter or quit SCSI disk mode, as described in the next section, so you can remove the battery for recharging.

Quitting SCSI disk mode

1Shut down the computer your PowerBook is connected to. 2Hold down the x(Command) key and press the Power (

PowerBook. 3 Turn off any other SCSI devices in the chain. 4Disconnect the minidock from the adapter cable.

IMPORTANT

Do not leave the adapter cable attached to the minidock. If you

) key to shut down the

do, the computer will behave as though it is still in SCSI disk mode when you

try to restart.

5Disconnect the adapter cable from the other computer or its SCSI chain.

Your equipment is now ready for normal use. If you disconnected the adapter

cable from the other computer or SCSI chain, make sure that the SCSI chain

is properly terminated.

Chapter 3

Connecting sound input and output devices

Microphone

Your computer has a built-in microphone. For information on using the microphone to record sounds, see the “Sound” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available i n the Guide (h) menu.

If you have a Duo Dock Plus or a Duo MiniDock, you can attach sound devices, such as a tape player or headphones, to the dock’s sound input and output ports. (You cannot use the internal microphone and a n external sound input device at the same time.) For instructions on selecting a sound device, see the “Sound” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Connecting Additional Equipment

Connecting a monitor

You can connect a monitor to the Duo Dock Plus or the Duo MiniDock. See

the manuals for the dock and the monitor for instructions.

Connecting other devices

For instructions on connecting a device not discussed in this chapter—for

example, an external input device or networking hardware—refer to the

manuals that came with the device.

Adding mem ory to your computer

Your PowerBook computer comes with at least 8 MB of RAM. You can

increase your computer’s memory by adding a RAM expansion card. You can

find out how much memory your computer has by choosing About This

Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu in the Finder.

You can purchase memory upgrades from Apple-authorized dealers. For

complete instructions on installing a RAM expansion card, see the

Technical In form a t i o n booklet that came with your computer.

Your PowerBook computer also supports virtual memory, a feature that

makes use of hard disk space to provide additional RAM. (When the power

adapter is not plugged in, using virtual memory will reduce your battery life,

however.) For information on using virtual memory, see the “Memory” topic

area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Chapter 3

Read this chapter for information on

installing and using application

programs on your computer.

Installing and U sing Application Programs

Using Soft ware H i ghlight s

Your Macintosh PowerBook comes with some great software already installed that includes such features as

m hard disk password protection m file synchronization m DOS and Windows file compatibility m remote access to another Macintosh m an assortment of games

You can access this software from an icon on your hard disk called Software Highlights. Software Highlights gives you access to application programs, product demos, quick tips, important information in Read Me files, and service and support information.

1 Open the Macintosh HD icon.

The files used to

start up and control

your computer

An application

program that lets you

launch the pre-

installed software, get

tips, and learn about

service and support

2Double-click the Software Highlights icon.

To get started with your software, follow these steps:

A window similar to this appears:

Important information about your PowerBook

A simple wordprocessing program

Folders with the preinstalled software and related information

There are six topic buttons at the top of the window. When you click a button,

the window displays items or information associated with that topic.

IMPORTANT

If you delete the Software Highlights icon, you have not deleted your preinstalled software. (Most of the software is in the Applications folder on your computer’s hard disk.)

If you don’t see a Software Highlights icon, you can access the information in Software Highlights by following these steps:

1Choose Control Panels from the Apple ( 2 Open the Launcher control panel.

) menu.

The same window you see when you op en Software H ighlights appears on your screen.

See the “Working with Programs” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu, for instructions on using the Launcher.

Chapter 4

Getting help for application programs

Some application programs that come on your PowerBook (File Assistant, for instance) are documented in their own Apple Guide online help systems. Foll ow thes e steps to see if a program has a n Apple Guide help system:

1 Open the application program. 2 Open the Guide

(h)

If an item appears in the Guide menu for your application program, choose it. If an item does not appear, then there is no Apple Guide online help for that program.

Installing application pro grams

Yo u’ ll probably want to buy and install additional application programs. Refer to the manuals you receive with your programs for instructions on installing and using them.

In most cases, you install application programs onto your internal hard disk from floppy disks that you receive as part of an application program package. (If you don’t have a dock or Floppy Disk Adapter and external floppy disk drive, you can connect your PowerBook to a network and install the software from another computer on that network. For instructions on connecting to a network and using software from another computer, see the “Networks & Tel ecommunications” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide [h] menu.)

menu.

Installing and Using Application Programs

Working with several programs at a time

You can open as many application programs and desk accessories as your computer’s memory allows.

All open programs are listed in the Application menu at the right end of the menu bar. T h e name of the active program (the one you’re using right now) has a checkmark next to it, and its icon appears in the menu bar.

The Finder icon Commands to hide or

display open windows

A checkmark indicates

the active program

Open programs

Finding out which programs are open

If you have several programs and windows open, you can find out which program is active and which other programs are open by pulling down the Application menu.

Switching programs

You can switch to another open program or desk accessory by choosing its name from the Application menu.

If a program’s icon is dimmed in the menu, that means its windows are hidden. Choosing the program from the Application menu displays its windows.

You can also switch to another program by clicking in a window that belongs to an op en program, or by double-clicking a program icon (or the icon of a document that was created with the program).

Chapter 4

Hiding and showing wind o ws on the desktop

You can hide all windows except those of the active program by choosing Hide Others from the Application menu.

The other programs remain open even though their windows are hidden. When you switch to another program, its windows become visible again.

If you want to see all the open windows, choose Show All from the Application menu.

Using “native” application progr am s

Your computer is compatible with nearly all application programs intended for use with Macintosh computers. But certain programs are designed esp ecially for computers with PowerPC microprocessors. (These are some t imes called “native” applications.) You’ll find that these programs take best advantage of your computer’s speed.

Special me mory require ments

Some native programs may be slightly larger than other programs and may take up more memory. If you find that you are r unning out of memory when you use programs designed for PowerPC microprocessors, you can use space on your computer’s hard disk as additional memory. T his feature is called

virtual memory. Your computer was developed to take advantage of the virtual memory feature, a nd comes with virtual memory turned on. For instructions on how to use or i ncrease hard disk space as memory, see the “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

You can also add more memory to your computer, as describ ed in the Technical Information booklet that came with your PowerBook.

Shared libraries

Native programs use special files called shared libraries. These files h elp the programs to r un more effici ently, a nd can be used by more than one native program simultaneously. Any necessary shared libraries are installed automatically i n the System Folder when you install native programs.

Installing and Using Application Programs

If a native program requires a shared library and there is not enough memory available for the shared library, you’ll see a message that the program could not be opened because of insufficient system memory. If this happens, see th e “Memory” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu, for instructions on turning on virtual memory.

If a required shared library is missing, you’ll see a message that the program could not be opened because the shared library could not be found. If this happens, follow the directions that came with your program to reinstall the program. If the shared library is still missi ng, contact the program’s manufacturer for assistance.

Backing up your files

Making backup copies of important files is good protection agai nst possible damage to the originals.

m Your hard disk contains disk images of system software and the application

programs that came with your computer. If you have an external floppy disk drive with an adapter or a dock, you can make disks from these images using the Floppy Disk Maker application program. (Instructions for using F loppy Disk Maker with a floppy disk drive are presented in the next section, “Maki ng Software Disks.”)

m You can back up an entire floppy disk by copying it to another floppy disk,

or to a hard disk.

m You can use a commercial backup program to copy new and changed files

from a hard disk to another hard disk, to a tape drive, or to a series of floppy disks.

m If your computer is on a network, you can back up files by copying them to

a shared disk on the network.

m You can back up files by copying them from one computer to the other

using SCSI disk mode. (See “Using Your Macintosh PowerBook as a Hard Disk” in the “Connecting SCSI Devices” section in Chapter 3 for more information on SCSI disk mode.)

Chapter 4

Making software disks

This section describes how to create floppy disks of the software that comes on your computer. You can make floppy disks if you have the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter or the PowerBook Duo MiniDock and an external floppy disk drive, or the PowerBook Duo Dock Plus.

Why ma ke software disks?

Your Macintosh PowerBook computer comes with different kinds of software installed. System software is the se t of programs and other files that your computer uses to start itself up, keep track of your files, and run application programs. When you turn on your computer, it looks for a disk that contains the system software. System software is always in a folder called th e System Folder.

Other included software gives you added functionality on your computer, such as hard disk password protection and file synchronization.

You need to make a copy of this software for safekeeping, in case you ever need to reinstall the software on your computer. Th e disks you need to install and reinstall software from are called installer disks. You use the Floppy Disk Maker application program to create your software installer disks.

What is a dis k ima ge?

A disk image is a discrete electronic representation of an individual disk. The Disk I mages folder in the Floppy Disk Maker folder (inside the Utilities folder) on your hard disk contains the disk images you need to create installer disks for both your system software and the other software that comes on the hard disk. When you use Floppy Disk Maker, it copies the disk images onto floppy disks. When you are finished making a set of disks with Floppy Disk Maker, you’ll have a set of installer disks and will be able to reinstall the software that comes on your computer.

Installing and Using Application Programs

What you need

High-density disks

have two holes...

...and they have

this symbol.

Just as you n eed paper to make copies of important documents, you need floppy disks to make copies of the information on your hard disk. You can probably buy the floppy disks at the same place you bought your computer.

Floppy disks come in a variety of sizes and capacities. The ones you need for backing up your hard disk are called high-density 3.5-inch disks. You can recognize the disks by the way they look:

Even though these disks have a hard plastic casing, they are called “floppy disks” because the disk inside the casing is floppy.

Before you start making your disks, you’ll need to decide if you want to make a full set or a minimum set of disks. When you make a full set, you’ll make disks for your system software and most of the other software that comes on your computer. When you make a minimum set, you’ll make just the core system software disks. It is best to make a full set (at least two dozen disks), so you’ll have installer disks for your system software and most of the other software that comes on your computer. However, making a full set requires more disks and more time than making a minimum set (at least one dozen disks). At the very least, make a minimum set of disks now. If you choose to make a minimum set, you can make disks for the other software later.

Chapter 4

If you don’t have disks on hand, you can skip these instructions for the moment. But the sooner you make the system software disks, the better. Buy the disks as soon as possible, then return to this section and follow these instructions.

IMPORTANT

Be sure you make at least a minimum set of disks as soon as possible, in case you need to reinstall your system software.

Making a set of disks

To use the Floppy Disk Maker program to make your system software disks, follow th e se instructions:

1With your computer turned off, connect it to the Duo Dock Plus, or to the Duo MiniDock

or the Duo Floppy Adapter and external floppy disk drive.

If you need instructions for connecting an external floppy disk drive, see Chapter 3, “Connecting Additional Equipment.”

2 Turn on the computer. 3 Locate the Floppy Disk Maker program (inside the Floppy Disk Maker folder, in the

Utilities folder on your hard disk) and double-click its icon to open it.

You can find Floppy Disk Maker in either the Applications/Utilities section of Software H ighlights or in the Floppy Disk Maker folder (inside the Utilities folder) on your hard disk. (See “Using Software Highlights” earlier in this chapter for more information.)

When the program opens, the following dialog box appears on your screen:

Installing and Using Application Programs

4Click Minimum Set or Full Set, depending on the kind of disk set you want to make.

Insert metal end first, label side up.

If you are making a minimum set, you ca n press the Return key. You can make a minimum set first so you have a set of system software disks, and then use Floppy Disk Maker to make the other disks later. (See “Making Individual Disks” later in this chapter for instructions when you want to make the additional disks.)

If you need to stop Floppy Disk Maker in the middle of making a set of disks, click Quit. Floppy Disk Maker will remember where you were in the diskmaking process, and will resume where you left off when you restart Floppy Disk Maker.

5 Follow the instructions on the screen until a message tells you that you’re finished.

Insert a new disk whenever the screen messages tell you to. Do not use any disk that contains a program or information that you want to save.

6When you’re finished, click Quit.

As you complete each disk, make a label with the name displayed on the screen. Then immediately put the label on the disk so that you know what its contents are later.

Chapter 4

7If you quit in the middle of the disk-making process and want to resume copying, click

Resume Minimum or Resume Full (depending on the type of set you are making) when you open the program and see the Floppy Disk Maker box.

Once you’ve made a full set of disks, you can delete the disk images to free up space on your hard disk. However, keeping copies of at least the system software images is a good idea. You should keep these disk images on your hard disk, or backed up on an external hard disk. The disk images are found in a folder called Disk Images inside the Floppy Disk Maker folder.

Making individual disks

If you made a minimum set of disks, you can go back and make disks of the remaining software on your computer. You do this by using the custom feature of Floppy Disk Maker. You can make an individual disk or a set of disks for an application program. Follow these steps:

1 Open the Floppy Disk Maker application program.

Installing and Using Application Programs

2When the Floppy Disk Maker dialog box appears, click Custom.

The following appears on the screen:

Folders containing images of software that comes on your computer are listed here. Click the folder you want to copy, then click Add.

Once you add the folders you want to copy, they appear here.

3Click the icon for the folder you want to copy to select it.

If you want to make one individual disk for a program (in case you lost a disk or an individual disk got damaged), double-click the program’s folder to open it, then click the icon of the individual disk image to select it.

The folder (or individual disk) appears in the list to the right under “Disk images to be copied.”

4Click Add.

Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the software you want to copy app ears in the list to the right. The total number of disks you’ll need appears above the list in the right of the window.

5Click Copy.

Foll ow the instructions on the screen. Remember to lab el the disks as you make them.

When you have finished copying software, store the disks in a safe, cool place.

Chapter 4

Read this chapter for

information about your

Macintosh PowerBook’s battery.

Power Management

Power sources

Your computer can draw its op erating power from two different sources.

Main battery

battery. This battery should provide power for 2–4 hours of work time (you may get longer work time, depending on the Macintosh PowerBook model you have and the battery conservation features you use).

AC power

plugging in the power adapter.

These power sources are described in more detail in the following sections.

You can run your computer from a grounded electrical outlet by

Monitoring the battery charge

There are three ways you can determi n e the charge level of your battery: m See low-power messages on your display.

Your computer came with a nickel-metal-hydride (NiMH)

m Look in the Battery Monitor portion of the Control Strip.

For information on the Battery Monitor, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

m Look at the battery level icon next to the clock in the menu bar.

Resp on ding to low-power messages

When the battery runs low, the computer displays a series of low-power messages. The work time remaining after you see the first message varies depending on how you are using the computer. It’s a good idea to act promptly.

What you should do

When you see a low-power message, you should do the following:

Plug in the power adapter,

Save your work and put the computer to sleep,

Replace the empty battery with a charged one within two minutes.

then

IMPORTANT

Always save your work when you see a low-power message.

What you should know

When the first low-power message appears, the screen dims automatically to save power.

If you continue to work without plugging in the power adapter or changing the battery, the computer displays a second low-power message.

The second message is followed by a third and final message indicating that the computer is about to put itself to sleep. Within a few seconds, the computer goes to sleep automatically to protect the contents of RAM. All activities are interrupted. It’s a good idea to save your work when you see the fir st two low-power messages to make sure you don’t lose information.

Note: When connected to a minidock with an external monitor attached or to certain do cks from manufacturers other than Apple, the computer shuts down rather than going to sleep after the third warning message.

If you continue working until the computer goes to sleep automatically, you can wake it again as soon as you plug in the power adapter or replace the battery with a charged battery.

If you ca n’t plug in the power adapter, the contents of RAM are retained in sleep for about a day (as long as you don’t remove the battery).

Chapter 5

IMPORTANT

Recharge a depleted battery as soon as possible. Leaving a depleted battery in the computer for a length of time (especially in a hot location, such as the trunk of a car) may damage the battery so that it can’t be recharged. If this happens, you need to replace the battery.

Using the Control Strip to monitor battery charge

The Battery Monitor portion of the Control Strip shows the current power source and the approximate amount of charge left in your battery.

This icon indicates

the current

power source.

This clock shows the approximate amount of work time remaining, based on current battery conservation settings.

These indicators show the approximate amount of charge remaining, based on current battery conservation settings.

For more information, see the question “How do I check the battery power level?” in the “Batteries & Power” topic area of Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu.

Using the battery icon

There is a battery icon in the menu bar that tells you the charge left in your battery.

The amount of black in the icon indicates the charge level.

When a lightning bolt appears in the icon, the battery is charging.

Power Management

Recharging the bat tery

There are three ways to recharge a battery: m Plug in the power adapter to recharge the battery without removing it from

the co mputer.

m Remove the battery and recharge it in the (optional) recharger. m Put the Macintosh PowerBook in the Duo Dock Plus, where recharging

begins immediately.

Recharge a battery shor tly before you plan to use it. The battery does not retain its charge in long-term storage.

Rech arging in the computer

Plug i n the power adapter as shown.

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer.

Chapter 5

You can continue to use the computer while the battery is recharging. Recharging takes approximately 4 hours wh en the computer is in use and approximately 2 hours when the computer is in sleep or shut down.

A lightning bolt icon appears in the Battery Monitor portion of the Control Strip when the power adapter is plugged in and a battery is recharging.

Rech arging in a recharger

You can purchase a battery recharger and additional batteries from your Apple-authorized dealer. If you have a recharger and an extra battery, you ca n charge one battery while you use another, so you always have a fully charged battery on hand.

The recharger can accommodate two batteries. It charges one battery at a time. You can put batteries in or take them out at different times.

The recharger must be plugged into an electrical outlet to charge a battery. You can plug it in using the power adapter that came with your computer, or you can purchase an additional (identical) power adapter from your Appleauthorized dealer.

WARNING

Use only the power adapter that came with your computer with the recharger. Using other types of power adapters may damage the recharger, the power adapter, or both.

To recharge a battery, follow these steps:

1Place the recharger on a level surface.

Power Management

2Connect the recharger and the power adapter as shown in the illustration.

Power adapter

Recharger

Battery

3Place the battery in the recharger as shown.

Recharging begins immediately. You can remove a battery from the recharger at any time. Remember, if you are charging two batteries, they charge one at a time. It takes about two hours to charge each battery.

Chapter 5

Be sure to put the battery in its plastic case wh en it is not in the recharger or the co mputer.

IMPORTANT

To preserve a battery’s charge, don’t leave it in the recharger if the

power adapter is not plugged i nto an electrical outlet.

The lights on the recharger indicate the following:

m m m

Yellow Green Red

The battery is charging.

The battery is fully charged.

The recharger does not recognize th e type of battery you i nserted. If you are charging a replacement battery, follow the i nstructions that came with it.

No light

Either the recharger is not plugged in, the other battery is being charged (if you have two batteries i n the recharger), or the battery is defective. (If the light goes off during recharging, there is a problem with the ba ttery.)

Rech arging in both the computer an d a rec harger

You can use a single power adapter to run the PowerBook and the battery recharger at the same time.

If the PowerBook is on and contains a battery that is not fully charged, the computer charges the internal battery first. The external battery does not begin charging until the internal battery is fully charged. It takes a little over 2 hours for a fully depleted battery to charge.

If the PowerBook is in sleep or is shut down, internal and external batteries charge simultaneously. If both batteries are fully depleted, it takes about

4.5 hours to charge both. If the internal battery is fully charged or absent, the external battery takes a little over 2 hours to charge.

Power Management

Removing or re pl acing the battery

Battery release button

When you remove a depleted battery without first plugging in the power adapter, the backup battery in your computer protects open programs and documents for about 4 minutes, allowing you to remove the depleted battery and replace it with a charged one. (The backup battery maintains other kinds of information, including control panel settings such as the clock time, for up to two weeks after the main battery is discharged or removed.)

If the power adapter is plugged in, you ca n use the computer indefinitely without a battery.

To remove or replace the main battery, follow these steps:

1Save your work, and then put the computer to sleep.

You can shut down if you feel more comfortable working without the 4-minute time limit.

2Close the display. 3 Open the battery door by pressing the small battery release button and sliding the door

in the direction indicated by the arrow.

The door is physically attached to the battery.

4 Carefully pull the battery out of its compartment.

Put the battery in its plastic case if you won’t be recharging it.

5If you are inserting another battery, slide it into the battery compartment.

Replacement batteries come with a door attach ed.

Chapter 5

6Close the battery door by pushing it back into place.

IMPORTANT

should be aligned with the computer and the battery door completely closed. The top a nd bottom seams where the battery and the Macintosh PowerBook meet should be tight and even. If a battery is not inserted cor rectly, you may have performance problems.

7If possible, plug in the power adapter in case the battery is not fully charged.

WARNING

amounts of sodium hydroxide. This substance can cause severe burns to the skin and eyes. If you touch a damaged battery, immediately rinse your hands and any other affected areas with water for at least five minutes. Do not use soap.

Disposing of dead batteries

IMPORTANT

inappropriate, and in some cases unlawful, to throw the batteries away with your household or business trash. Many locations have government-sponsored collection and/or recycling programs. Please dispose of used batteries in accordance with the mandatory or voluntary battery collection schemes in your location.

Check to make sure the battery is properly i nserted. The battery

Damaged nickel-metal-hydride batteries may leak small

Nickel-metal-hydride batteries contain hazardous materials It is

In the United States: Return dead batteries to your Apple-authorized service provider, who will make sure they are included i n Apple’s battery recycling program.

Elsewher e: Many countries have government or Apple-sponsored collection and/or recycling programs for dead batteries. Dispose of dead batteries in accordance with the mandatory or voluntary battery collection schemes in your country. Contact your Apple-authorized service provider for information about the recommended battery disposal proced ures in your location.

Power Management

Replacing t he backup battery

In addition to its main battery, your computer has a small backup battery that maintains the contents of RAM while you replace the main battery.

The backup battery usually lasts for several years. You may need to have it replaced if you notice that some of your system settings changed after you removed or replaced the main battery. (You may notice, for example, that the clock time is different.) By replacing the backup battery, you can preserve the contents of RAM the next time you change the main battery.

Your computer’s backup battery must be replaced by a n Apple-authorized service provider.

Reconditioning the bat tery

To maximize battery life, you should recondition the battery once every 30 days, using the Battery Reconditioning program. You can find this program in the Utilities folder on your hard disk, and also on the system software floppy disk labeled Disk Tools. Keep the Battery Reconditioning program on your hard disk so it is convenient to use every 30 days.

Chapter 5

IMPORTANT

It takes 2 hours to run the Battery Reconditioning program and another 2 hours to fully charge your battery in your Macintosh PowerBook. During the time you are reconditioning your battery (a nd recharging it, if you don’t have a recharger), you cannot use your PowerBook. Pla n to recondition your battery wh en you won’t need your PowerBook for at least 4 hours.

To recondition a battery, follow these steps:

1Make sure your PowerBook is connected to a power source. 2 Turn on your PowerBook.

3 Locate the Battery Reconditioning icon (in the Utilities folder on your hard disk) and

double-click to open it.

A message app ears on the screen describing battery reconditioning. If you don’t have your PowerBook plugged in, a message app ears telli ng you to plug it in.

4 Read the message on the screen and click OK.

The following appears:

The type of battery

in your computer

appears here.

5Click Recondition if it has been more than 30 days since the last time you reconditioned

The date you last reconditioned your battery appears here. A warning appears below the date if it has been less than 30 days since the last time you reconditioned the battery.

the battery.

If 30 days have not passed since the last time you reconditioned, the following appears on the screen:

Click Quit to exit the Battery Reconditioning program.

Power Management

If 30 days have passed since you last reconditioned, this message appears:

Remember that it takes 2 hours to recondition the battery and 2 hours to fully charge the battery. Make sure you do not need to use your PowerBook for 4 hours.

6Click OK.

While the reconditioning cycle is taking place, the following icon appears on the screen:

You can quit the Battery Reconditioning program at any time by pressing the period key and the x (Command) key at the same time. Also, if you unplug your PowerBook during reconditioni ng, the reconditioning program will quit. Your battery is not reconditioned if you quit in the middle of the reconditioning cycle.

When the reconditioning is complete, the following appears on the screen for one minute:

7Click OK.

The battery is reconditioned. Allow time to recharge the battery by leaving the PowerBook plugged in for 2 hours. Follow these steps again in 30 days to maximize the life of the battery.

Chapter 5

Maximizing work time

Your PowerBook’s battery can provide 2 to 4 hours of work time before you need to recharge. The actual work time available depends on what equipment you’re using with your computer and what steps you take to conserve power while you work.

For battery conservation tips, see the “Batteries & Power” topic of Macintosh Guide, available in t he Guide (h) menu.

Power Management

Chapter 6 Tips and Tr oubl eshooting Chapter 7 Diagnostic Techniques

part

Consult this chapter and the next if

you have questions or experience

problems using your computer.

Tips and Troubleshooting

Whe n you have questions

If you want to know how to do a particular task with your computer, refer to Macintosh Guide in the Guide ( Macintosh Guide, see Chapter 2 of this manual. If the suggestions in this chapter and Macintosh Guide don’t solve the problem, go to Chapter 7 for some diagnostic techniques to h elp you solve system software and hard disk problems.

Whe n you run into trouble

While you’re using your computer, you may see a bomb icon or an error message, or you may have a problem such as the pointer (8) “freezing” on the screen. If you have trouble with your computer, take a few minutes to read the information in this chapter and Chapter 7. If your problem is related to a particular procedure, you should also look for information on that procedure in Macintosh Guide, available in the Guide (h) menu. If you are unable to access Macintosh Guide (for example, if your screen is “frozen”), refer to this chapter to see if you can resolve the problem.

h) menu. For instructions on using

This chapter and Chapter 7 describe solutions to problems you may

Reset button

experience with your computer. If the suggestions i n th ese two chapters don’t solve your problem, contact a local Apple-authorized service provider or call the Apple Assistance Center. (See the service and support information that came with your computer for the phone number.) If your problem is with third-party software or equipment, please call the software or equipment manufacturer for help.

Problems starting up the c omputer

The computer doesn’t start up or restart.

m The battery may need recharging. Plug the power cord into a working

outlet, and then plug the power adapter into the computer. Let the battery recharge for a few minutes. (Or use the optional recharger.)

m Check that the power cord is plugged into a working outlet. If it’s plugged

into a power strip, make sure the power strip is turned on. The power adapter should get warm after being plugged in for 10 minutes. If it is cold, make sure the adapter is securely plugged i n and attached to the power cord.

m The screen brightness may b e turned down. Adjust the brightness control

(marked with the icon ¤), located to the right of the display.

m Make sure the battery is properly seated in its compartment. m Press the reset button (marked with the icon I) on the back panel.

Chapter 6

Resetting the p arameter RAM— a useful troubl eshooting te c hnique

Problems that relate to starting up the computer may result from damage to the information stored in part of the computer’s memory known as the parameter RAM, or PRAM. Consequently, resetting the PRAM is a good technique to correct a number of unexplain ed problems.

Resetting the PRAM erases the contents of your RAM disk, if you have set one up. The process also restores the default settings in most control panels. After you reset the PRAM, be sure to check any custom settings you made for the desktop pattern, memory, network, AppleTalk, trackpad, power conservation, and so forth. Resetting the PRAM also resets the power ma nager. Resetting the PRAM does not change or erase the contents of your hard disk.

Foll ow thes e steps to reset the PRAM:

1. Locate the keys x (Command), Option, P, and R.

2. M ak e sure the Caps Lock key is not down.

3. Restart your Macintosh. Immediately after h earing the startup sound, press the x, Option, P, and R keys simultaneously.

If you don’t hold down the key combination within 5–10 seconds after you restart, you may need to repeat steps 1–3.

4. Hold down the keys until you hear the startup sound again. Then release the keys.

5. If the computer shuts itself off, press the reset button on the back of the co mputer to turn it back on.

(You may have to press the reset button more than once. The startup sound signals that the computer is starting up.)

6. When the computer has finished starting up, restore any custom control panel and network setti ngs.

Tips and Troubleshooting

The computer makes an unusual sound at startup.

m If you hear an unfamiliar startup sound, start up the computer with the

Disk Tools disk that came with your computer (if you have an external floppy disk drive or a Duo Dock Plus). If the computer does not start up, or if the hard disk icon does not appear, the hard disk may need repair. Contact an Apple-authorized service provider or call the Apple Assistance Center. If the hard disk icon does appear, see Chapter 7, “Diagnostic Techniques.”

m There may be a problem with the parameter RAM. Reset the PRAM, as

explained in the previous section.

m There may be a problem with a RAM expansion card. If you installed a

RAM expansion card in your computer, check the instructions in the Technical In form a t i o n booklet that came with your computer to make sure the card is properly installed. If you purchased an expansion card from a third-party manufacturer, contact the manufacturer for help.

See also “The Computer Makes Unusual Sounds” i n the section “Other Problems While Working” later in this chapter.

The computer starts up, but the desktop doesn’t appear.

m The screen brightness may b e turned down. Adjust the brightness control

(¤), l ocated to the right of the display.

m The computer may be trying to start up using an external hard disk that

does not contain the correct version of system software. Disconnect the external hard disk and restart your computer.

m Sta rt th e computer, holding down the Shift key until you see the message

“Extensions off” in the Welcome to Macintosh box. If the computer starts up, turn to “Checking Your System Software Extensions” in Chapter 7 a nd try the steps given.

m If you see the following icon on the screen, your PowerBook is in SCSI

disk mode. See “Quitting SCSI Disk Mode” i n the section “Connecting SCSI Devices” in Chapter 3 for more information.

Chapter 6

m There may be a problem with the display of windows. Restart the

computer and hold down the Option key until the desktop icons appear. (When the desktop appears, all windows will be closed.)

When I start up the computer, I see a message about the system software.

m The system software on the star tup disk you’re using may be i ncomplete or

damaged, or may be the wrong version. Make sure you’re using the correct disk as a star tup disk.

m If you’re sure you’re using the correct startup disk, you may need to

reinstall system software. See “Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 7.

The computer displays a flashing question mark icon.

m This icon usually means that the computer can’t find system software

on any disks attached to the computer. (After it displays this icon for two minutes, the computer will shut itself off.)

If the computer is connected to any external hard disks, make sure that the SCSI chain is terminated properly (see “Connecting SCSI Devices” in Chapter 3) and that the external hard disks are turn ed on. Th en restart the computer. If the problem recurs, the hard disk or its system software may be damaged. See Chapter 7, “Diagnostic Techniques.”

m Tur n off the computer, disconnect all external devices except the power

adapter, and restart the computer. If the computer starts up, turn to “Problems with Equipment Connected to Your Macintosh PowerBook,” later i n this chapter.

m If the computer is not connected to any external devices, you may need to

reinstall system software. See “Reinstalling System Software” in Chapter 7.

The computer freezes or displays an error message during startup.

m Tur n off the computer, disconnect all external devices except the power

adapter, and restart the computer. If the computer starts up, turn to “Problems with Equipment Connected to Your Macintosh PowerBook,” later i n this chapter.

Tips and Troubleshooting

m Sta rt th e computer, holding down the Shift key until you see the message

“Extensions off” in the Welcome to Macintosh box. If the computer starts up, turn to “Checking Your System Software Extensions” in Chapter 7.

About the codes in error messages: The number codes in error messages are used in software development. Sometimes they can help a technician narrow down the source of a problem. However, the codes are usually too general or technical in nature to help you diagnose a problem yourself.

When the computer starts up, a message says there is not enough memory.

m There may not be enough memory to load all the system software

extensions you’ve installed. Restart the computer, holding down the Shift key until you see the message “Extensions off” in the Welcome to Macintosh box. Then try the following to increase available memory:

m Reduce the size of the disk cache in the Memory control panel. m If you use a RAM disk, reduce its size or turn it off in the Memory

control panel.

m Remov e any system software extensions you don’t need from the

Extensions folder (inside the System Folder).

m Turn on virtual memory in the Memory control panel.

Chapter 6

IMPORTANT

You need to restart the computer for these changes to take effect.

m If these suggestions don’t work, you can increase memory by i nstalling a

RAM expansion card in your computer. See the Te c h n ical Information booklet that came with your computer for instructions.

The computer freezes during operation or it won’t restart.

m If the computer freezes, you can try to “force” the program you’re usi ng to

quit by simultan eously pressing the keys x, Option, and Esc on your keyboard. Then click Force Quit in the dialog box that appears. (Note: Unsaved changes in any open documents will be lost.) Immediately save all open documents, quit all other open programs, and restart the computer.

m Press the reset button (marked with the icon I) on the back panel.

Note: You will lose any work you have not saved.

m If the battery is depleted, remove it from the computer and use the power

adapter to start up.

m If you have a Duo Dock Plus, put the computer in it, then press the power

button on the dock.

m If the problem recurs, reset the PRAM (see “Resetting the Parameter

RAM,” earlier in this section). If the problem still occurs, see Chapter 7, “Diagnostic Techniques.”

Every time the computer starts up, it rebuilds the desktop.

m There may be a folder on your hard disk that has the same name as a file

the computer uses to keep track of information on your disks. Manually search for a folder named “Desktop” or “Desktop file.” If you find one, rename it “Storage.” Th en restart the computer. (Do not use the Find File command to search for the desktop file. It may find it but you may not be able to access it.)

When the computer starts up, no icons appear in the windows, and the pointer alternates between an arrow and a wristwatch, or an empty flashing box appears.

m There is a problem with the display of windows. Restart the computer,

holding down the Option key until the desktop icons appear. (When the desktop appears, all windows will be closed.)

When I start up the computer, the display lights up for a moment, then shuts down.

m Make sure you are usi ng the correct power adapter for your computer

model and that the adapter is plugged into a worki ng outlet.

Problems working with programs

The computer freezes or displays a system error message.

m There may be a temporary software problem. To reset the computer, try the

fol lowing suggesti ons in order until the computer starts up normally:

1. If the computer freezes, you can try to quit the program you’re using by pressi ng the keys x, O ption, and Esc on your keyboard. Click Force Quit in the dialog box that appears. (You’ll lose unsaved changes i n that program’s documents.)

Immediately save all open documents and quit all open programs, then restart the computer.

Tips and Troubleshooting

2. If you see a message about a system error, press the reset button (on the back of your Macintosh PowerBook) to restart the computer.

3. Reset the PRAM (see “Resetting the Parameter RAM” in the section “Problems Starting Up the Computer” earlier i n this chapter for instructions).

m If the problem recurs, it may involve one or more of your application

programs. See “The Computer Exhibits Odd Behavior, Such as Many Unexplai ned System Failures,” next.

The computer exhibits odd behavior, such as many unexplained system failures.

m Check for multiple System Folders on your startup disk, using th e Find File

command. Throw away extra System Folders (but do not throw away any System Folders from your RAM Disk Backup folder). The System Folder that your computer is using has a small computer icon on it.

m Check for vir uses on all your disks, using a virus-detection program.

Eliminate any viruses the program finds.

m If a problem recurs when you are using a particular program, try the

following: m Consult the documentation that came with the program to make sure you

are using it correctly.

m Check for multiple copies of the program on your hard disk. Use the Get

Info command to check the programs’ version numbers. Keep one copy of the latest version and throw away all other copies.

m Reinstall the program from a known good source (such as the original

program disks or installer disks you made with Floppy Disk Maker).

m Increase the program’s memory. Quit the program, select its icon, choose

Get Info from the File menu, and type a larger number in the Preferred Size box.

Chapter 6

m Contact the manufacturer or vendor of the program to find out whether

the program contains software er rors or “bugs” and whether an upgrade is available.

m Check that the program is compatible with System 7.5 (see the program’s

documentation, or contact the manufacturer or vendor).

m Make sure your control pan els and system software extensions

(especially any that you recently added) are compatible with your programs. See “Checking Your System Software Extensions” in Chapter 7.

A program won’t open.

m The application program may already b e open. Check the Application

menu to see what programs are running.

m There may not be enough memory available to open the program. Quit any

programs you’re not using and try again. If that doesn’t work, try restarting the co mputer.

m If the program is on a floppy disk, make sure the disk is unlocked. (You

unlock a disk by sliding the tab at the corner of the disk so that it covers the hol e.)

m The program may be damaged. Reinstall the program from a known good

source (such as the original program disks or backup copies you made with Floppy Disk Maker).

m Contact the manufacturer or vendor of the program to see if the program is

compatible with System 7.5.

A program suddenly quits or disappears, or a message says a program has quit.

m There may be a temporary software problem. Restart the computer, then

try opening the program again.

m The program may have run out of memory. See the suggestions in “A

Message Says There Is Not Enough Memory,” n ext.

m If the problem occurs when you are trying to print, there may not be

enough memory for printing.

m Contact the manufacturer or vendor of the program to see if the program

contains software errors or “bugs” and if it is compatible with the version of system soft ware you’re using.

Tips and Troubleshooting

A message says there is not enough memory.

m There may be a temporary software problem. Save your work, quit all open

programs, and restart the computer. If you can’t restart, see the suggestions in “The Computer Freezes or Displays a System Error Message,” earlier in this se ction.

m If you get this message wh en you are trying to open or use a program,

follow th ese steps:

1. Choose About This Macintosh from the Apple (K) menu. Take note of the number in the “Largest Unused Block” section. This number tells you how much memory is available to open programs.

2. Quit the program if it’s op en, select its icon, and choose Get Info from the File menu. Take note of the numbers in the Minimum Size and Preferred Size boxes.

3. If the number in the Minimum Size box is larger than the largest unused block, not enough memory is available to use this program. To free memory, quit open programs or restart the computer. You can also type a smaller number in the Minimum Size box if you want to open the program using less memory. (But some programs don’t work well if you assign t he m less memory.)

4. If the number in the Preferred Size box is smaller than the largest unused block, you may need to assign more memory to the program. (A program may need more memory if you are working with complex documents.) Type a larger number in the Preferred Size box.

m If you frequently want to open more programs than memory allows, try

the following : m Use the Memory control panel to reduce the size of the disk cache or to

remove or reduce the size of your RAM disk.

m Turn on or increase the size of vi rtual memory (VM) in the Memory

control panel. (Vi rtual memory is turned on at the factory. Verify that VM is on and increase the amount of virtual memory if necessary.)

m Install a RAM expa nsion card in your PowerBook. (See the Te ch n ical

Information booklet that came with your computer for information.)

Chapter 6

When I try to open a document, a message says the program can’t be found.

m The document may have been created with a program that is not on your

hard disk, or with a different version of the program.

m You can also open a document from within a program by using the Open

command in the File menu. For more information, see the documentation that came with your programs.

m If you know the correct program is on your hard disk, there may be a

problem with the information that the computer uses to keep track of files. Rest art the computer and hold down the x and Option keys until you see a message asking if you want to rebuild the desktop. Release the keys and click OK.

Note: If Macintosh Easy Open is on, you must tur n off all extensions except the Macintosh Easy Open control panel before rebuilding your desktop. (Macintosh Easy Open is turned on at the factory.)

A window has disappeared.

m Another open window may be covering the one you’re looking for. Move,

resize, close, or hide windows until you see the one you want.

m The program the window is associated with may be hidden. Choose Show

All from the Application menu, then click the window you want, or choose the program from the Application menu.

Apple 2300 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual