Agilent Technologies HP8648A, 8648A User Manual

About this Manual

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HP References in this Manual

This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-Packard's former test and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies. We have made no changes to this manual copy. In other documentation, to reduce potential confusion, the only change to product numbers and names has been in the company name prefix: where a product number/name was HP XXXX the current name/number is now Agilent XXXX. For example, model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A.

HP 8920A & HP 8920B

RF Communications Test Set,

Application Handbook

POWE

OF O

MAX POWER

SCREEN CONT ROL

CONFIHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT DUPLETXRX PREV TESTS

USER

DATA FUNCTIONS

k1’

REF

METER

AVG

INCR

LO HI

CURSOR CON-

PUSH TO

CANCE

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN /OUT

MAX POWER 200

ASSIG

RELEA

SHIFT

k2’ k2 k3’ k3

MIC/

HP Part No. 08920-90126

Printed in U. S. A.

April 1996

Rev C

INSTRUMENT STATE

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

RECAL

DATA

789 456

123

YES

ON/OFF

AUDIO SQUELCVOL-

MAX

MEAS

ENTER

GHz

MHz

kHz

Hzms% Ωppm

AUDIO IN

PRESE

MEMO

LOHI

MAX

Notice Information containe d in this doc ument is subj ect t o chang e without no-

prior written permission is prohibited, e xcept as allowe d under t he copyright laws.

This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the Copyright License under the clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 (APR 1988).

Hewlett-Packard Company Learning Products Department 24001 E. Mission Liberty Lake, WA 99019-9599 U.S.A.

Manufacturer’s Declaration

This statement is provided to comply with the requirements of the German Sound Emission Directive, from 18 January 1991. This product has a sound pressure emiss ion (at the operator position) < 70 dB(A).

• Sound Pressure Lp < 70 dB(A).

• At Operator Position.

• Normal Operation.

• According to ISO 7779:198 8/EN 27779:1991 (Type Test).

Herstellerbeschei nigung

Diese Information s teht im Zusammenh ang mit den Anforderunge n der

Maschinenlärminform ationsverordnung vom 18 Januar 1991.

• Schalldruckpegel Lp < 70 dB(A).

• Am Arbeitsplatz.

• Normaler Betrieb.

• Nach ISO 7779:1988/EN 27779:1 991 (Typprüfung).

Safety Considerations

GENERAL This product and related documentation must be reviewed for familiar-

ization with safety marking s and inst ructions before operation. This product is a Safety Class I instrument (provided with a protective

earth terminal). SAFETY EARTH GROUND A unterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main

power source to the product input wiring te r minals, power cord, or s upplied power cord set.

CHASSIS GROUND TERMINAL To prevent a potent ial shock h azard, always c onnect the rear-panel chas-

sis ground terminal to earth g round when opera ting thi s instrument from a dc power source.

SAFETY SYMBOLS Indicates inst rument damage can occur if indicated operating limits are

exceeded. Indicates hazardous voltages. Indicates earth (ground) terminal

WARNING A WARNING note denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a

procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.

CAUTION A CAUTION note denotes a hazard. It calls attentionto an operation

procedure, practice, or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product. Do not proceed beyond an CAUTION note until the indicated conditions are fully unders tood and met.

Safety Considerations for this Instrument

WARNING Any interruption of the pr otective (grounding ) c onductor (i nside

or outside the instrument) or disconnection of the protective earth terminal will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury. (Grounding one connector of a two conductor outlet is not sufficient protection.)

Whenever it likely that the protection has been impaired, the instrument must be made inoperative and be s ecured against any unintended operation.

If this i nstru me nt is to be en ergi zed via an a uto tran sfor mer (for voltage reduction), make sure the common terminal is connected to the earth termi nal of the pow er source.

Servicing instructions are for use by service trained personnel only. To avoid dangerous electric shock, do not perform any servicing unless qualified to do so.

Adjustments described in the manual are performed with power suppli ed to the in strumen t while pro tective co vers are re moved. Energy available at many points may, if contacted, result in personal injury.

Capa cito rs in sid e th e ins tru men t ma y st ill be cha rge d ev en if the instrument has been disconnected from its source of supply.

For Continued protection against fire hazard, replace the line fuse(s) only with 250 V fuse(s) or the same current rating and type (for example, normal blow or time delay). Do not use repaired fuses or short circuited fuseholders.

CERTIFICATION Hewlett-Packard Company cer tifies that this product met its published

specifications at the ti me of shipment from the factory. Hewlett-Packard further certifies that its c alibration measurements are traceabl e to the United States Natio nal Inst itut e of St andards and Te chnology, t o th e ex-

tent allowed by the Instit ute’s calibrati on facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members

WARRANTY This Hewlett-Packard instrument product in warranted against defects

in material and workmanship for a per iod of one year from date of shi pment. During the warranty pe riod, Hewlett-P ackard Company will at its option, either repair or repla ce products which prove to be defective.

For warranty servi ce or repair, thi s product m ust be returne d to a servic e facility designated by HP. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to HP and HP shall pay shipping charges, duties , and taxes fo r products returned to HP from another country.

HP warrants that its software and Firmwar e designa ted by HP for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly install ed on that ins tr ument. HP does not warran t that the ope ration of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

The foregoing warranty shall not a pply to defects resulting from improper or inade quate maintenance by B uyer, Buyer-supplie d software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental speci fications for the product, or improper site pr eparation or maintenance.

NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HP SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTIDCULAR PURPO SE.

EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HP SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASE ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.

ASSISTANCE Product maintenance ag reements and ot her custome r assis tance agree-

ments are available for Hewlett- Packard produc ts. For any assi stance , contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office.

DECL AR AT ION OF CONFORMITY

Manufa ctu rer’ s Name: Hewlett-P ack ar d Com pan y Manufa ctu rer’ s Address: Spokane Division

24001 E. Mission Ave. Liberty Lake, WA 99019-9599

Declares that the product(s):

Product Name: RF Communications Test Set Model Number(s): HP 8920A, 8920B Product Options: All

Conforms to the following product specifications.

Safety: HD 401/IEC 348 EMC: EN 55011 (1991) /CISPR 11 (1990): ‘Group 1,

Class A

EMC: EN 50082-1 (1992)/IEC 801-2 (1991): 4 kV CD, 8

kv AD

/IEC 801-3 (1991): 3 V/m /IEC 801-4 (1991): 1k V Power

Lines

0.5 kV Sig-

nal Lines Supplementary Information: The product herewith compli es wit h the requirements of the Low Volt-

age Directive 73/23/EEC and EMC Directive 89/336/EEC. Spokane, Washington

Date Vince Roland, SKD Quality Man-

ager

European Contact: Your local Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office or Hewlett-Packard GmbH. Dept. ZQ/Standards Europe, Herrenberge r St arBe 130, D-7030 Bobling en (Fax: +49-7031-14-3143).

In this Book This book is a guide for performing common radio tests using the Test

Set. This guide contains the foll owing chapters and appendices.

Chapter 1, Getting Started With The Test Set

This chapter contains a description of the manual contents, a general description of the Test Set, and a general description of the front and rear panel controls, indicators, and connectors.

Chapter 2, Measurement Considerations

This chapter contains a description of guidelines that must be adh ere to when performing the measurements with the Test Set.

Chapter 3, Testing FM Radios

This chapter contains the information require d to use the Test Set to perform FM Tr ansmitter and Receiver me asurements.

Chapter 4, Testing AM Radios

This chapter contains the information require d to use the Test Set to perform AM Transmitter and Receiver measurements.

Chapter 5, Testing SSB Radio s

This chapter contains the information require d to use the Test Set to perform SSB Transmitter and Receiver measurements.

Chapter 6, Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

This chapter contai ns the informati on about system measure ments using the Spectrum Analyzer and Tracking Generator.

Chapter 7, Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

This chapter contai ns the informati on about system measure ments using the Spectrum Analyzer and Tracking Generator.

Chapter 7, Oscilloscope Measurements

This chapter contai ns the informati on about system measure ments using the Oscilloscope.

Chapter 8, Configuring For Measure ments

This chapter contains the information required to insta ll the Test Set in preparation of performing measurements. Information provided includes instructions for power and printer connection, and initial power-up and configuration.

Chapter 9, References

This chapter li st s any manuals, applicati on notes, specificati ons, and standards reference d in this gui de.

Chapter 10, HP 8920A Specifications

This chapter provides abbre viated specifications for the HP 8920A.

Chapter 11, HP 8920B Specifications

This chapter provides abbre viated specifications for the HP 8920B.

Glossary

This i nformatio n lists the acron yms, abb reviat ions, and common te rms used in this guide.

Contents

1 Getting Started With The Test Set

Conventions Used In This Manual 24

Product Description 25

The Test Set’s Features 28

Contents

2 Measurements Considerations

Measurement Guideline 1 44

Measurement Guideline 2 45

Measurement Guideline 3 46

Measurement Guideline 4 48

Contents

3 Testing FM Radios

Introduction 50

List of Tests 51

FM Transmitters 52

FM Receiv ers 79

Contents

4 Testing A M Radios

Introduction 116

List of Tests 117

AM Transmitters 118

AM Receivers 136

Contents

5 Testing SSB Radios

Introduction 160

List of Tests 161

SSB Transm itt ers 162

SSB Receiv er s 173

Contents

6 Spectrum Analyzer Measurements

Introduction 188

List of Measurements 189

Using the Spectrum Analyzer 190

Using the Tracking Generator 205

Contents

7 Oscilloscope Measure ments

Introduction 234

Using the Oscilloscope 235

Contents

8 Configu ring fo r Mea s ur em en ts

Preparing the Test Set for DC Operation 244

Contents

9 References

Manuals 250

Application Note 251

Specifications and Standards 252

Contents

10 HP 8920A Specifications

Signal Generator Specifications 255

Audio Source Specifications 261

RF Analy zer Specifications 262

AF Analyzer Specifications 268

Oscilloscope Specific ations 271

Spectrum Analyzer Specific ations (Option 102) 272

Signaling (Option 004) 276

DC Current Meter (Option 103) 277

Remote Programming (Option 103) 278

Reference Oscillator Spec ifications 279

Save/Recall Registers 280

General Sp ec if ic ation s 281

Contents

11 HP 8920B Specifications

Signal Generator Specific a tions 285

Audio Source Specifications 291

RF Analyzer Specifications 292

AF Analyzer Specifications 297

Oscilloscope Specifications 300

Spectrum Analyzer Specifications (Option 102) 301

Signaling (Option 004) 304

DC Current Meter 305

Remote Programming 306

Memory Card Specifications 307

Reference Oscillator Specifications 308

General Specificat ions 309

Contents

Getting Started With The Test Set

This chapter provides the user with a gener al introduction to the instrument. Information provided includes a general description of the Test Set, and a general description of the front and rear panel features.

Conventions Used In This Manual

The Test Set keys, screen titles, fields, and shif ted functions are shown using the following conventions: (Refer to the RX TE ST screen and the instrument front panel.)

• Screen titles are s hown in bold upper-case type −RX TEST

• Field names and some measurements (such as AC Level) are indicate d in

lowercase bold type −RF Gen Freq

• The contents of a field, and some measur ements (such as SINAD) are

show n in italics – − 100.000000 or underlined – RF In

• Key caps are shown in all capital letters − PRESET

• The SHIFT key i s pre ssed and rele ased t o a ccess the bl ue-la beled functi ons printed above the keys. When a SHIFTed function is call ed-out in this manual, the use of th e SHIFT key is assumed and is not usually indicated. The function to be accessed is shown in boxed italics text upper-case letters: MSSG.

Product Description

The Test Set is a single instrument that combines the features of 22 individual radio tes t instr uments. The Test Set is designed to meet the communication test needs of both service and manufacturing environments, and the capabil ity to test land mobile radios, cellular phones, and various other communications systems.

Test and troubleshooti ng time is decr eased by simplifying standard measurement tasks and providi ng the required measurement capability in a single instrument. Transmitters and receivers are character ized with single-k ey RX, TX and duplex te sts. Each of these tests displays a specialized screen that provides access to the necessary controls and measurement results. Measured results may be displayed as digital readouts and/or bar graphs. All settings and measurements are easily accessed and changed using the front-panel knob and keys. If desired, all settings can be saved in nonvolatile save/recall registers for future access.

Product Description

The various ports on the Test Set allow the receiver/transmitter being tested to be quickly connected. A receiver with 2 (typically <1 µV) is available through the ANT IN port, for off-the-air monitoring of low-level signals. Transmitter measurements of highpower signals of up to 100 W intermittentl y (for 10 seconds) or 60 W continuous can be performed with out the use of external attenuators.

µV sensitivity

Product Description

Features

The features currently available for the Test Set include:

• Synthesized AM/FM signal generat or to 1000 MHz

• Function generator (HP 8920A option)

• AM/FM modulation analyzer

• Duplex offset generator

• Signalling encoder and decoder (HP 8920A option)

• SSB demodulator

• RF power meter

• RF frequency counter/frequency error meter

• Audio frequency counter

• AF power meter

• AC/DC voltmeter

• DC current meter (HP 8920A option)

• SINAD meter

• Distortion meter

• Two variable audio sources

• Digital oscilloscope

• Spectrum analyzer and tracking generator (optional)

V sensitivi ty (typically <1 µV)

•2 µ

• Cellular- phone test capability (op tional)

• Built-in I-BASIC controller

• HP-IB/RS-232 interface buses for remote programming (optional)

• R ad io te s t so f tw are (optional)

• Radio interface card (HP 8920A option)

• Adjacent channel power

Specifications

Product Description

Abbreviated specifications for the Test Set are provided in "HP 8920A

Specifications" on page 253

and "HP 8920B Specifi cations" on page 283. See the HP 8920A /B RF Communications Test Set Assembly Level Repair Guide for a complete list of specifi cations.

The Test Set’s Features

This section contains a brief descr iption of the Test Set’s keys, connectors, controls, and screens. Additional operati ng information for all keys, connectors, controls, and screens can be found in the Test Set’s user guide.

Feature Contents

"The Test’s Sets Front-Panel Fea t u res" on page 29.

• "Screens" on page 29.

• "Data Function Keys" on page 33.

• "Knobs" on page 34.

• "Scr ee n C ontrol Keys" on p a ge 35 .

• "Instrum ent State Keys" on page 36.

• "Data Keys" on page 37.

• "Connectors" on page 38.

• "Non-Bracketed Keys and Memory Card Slot" on page 39.

"The Test Set’s Rear-Panel Features" on page 40

• "Connectors" on page 40.

• "Key and Fuse Holders" on page 41.

The Test’s Sets Front-Panel Features

The Test Set’s Features

POWER

OFF ON

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

AVG

INCR X10

k1’

k2’

k3’

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CANCEL

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

RECALL

789

456 123

ON/OFF

YES

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

MAX

12 v Pk

MEAS RESET

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

s kHz mV

ms Hz µV

AUDIO IN

MAX

42 v Pk

PRESET

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

Screens

The CRT displays the various test scree ns, measurement results, waveforms, and messages. The a brief description is provided in the following:

• “Screens that are Standard to the Test Set” on page 30.

• “Screens that Require an Option” on page 31.

• “Screens that Require an Optional Instr u ment” on page 31.

The Test Set’s Features

Screens that are Standard to the Test Set

•RX Test − receiver test s cre en with RF and audio output contro ls and

receiver measurement results.

•TX Test − transmitter test screen with RF and aud io input/output controls

and tran smitter meas urement results.

•Duplex Test − transmitter and rec eiver simultaneous test scree n with RF

and audio inp ut/output controls and transmitte r and receiver measur ement results.

•Tests − access to creation, editing, copying, and execution of aut omated test

programs loaded from Memory Cards, int ernal ROM/RAM, or an external disk drive.

• RF Generator − used to cont rol and d ispla y t he RF and m odul ation signa ls.

•RF Analyzer − used to proce ss and display RF signal measurements.

•AF Analyzer − used to process and display audio signal meas urements.

• Oscilloscope − used t o display the osci lloscope measurement function, with

vertical, time, trigger, and marker controls.

• Configure − used to control the various functions including date, screen

intensity, various RF controls, etc.

• I/OConfigure − used to control the various functions including HP-IB,

serial parameter, etc.

• Print Configure − used to setup a printer.

• Adjacent Channel Power − us ed to con trol measuri ng powe r of signa ls at a

specif i c ch an n e l s p ac in g above and be l ow th e RF A na ly z er ’ s center frequency.

The Test Set’s Features

Screens that Require an Option

• Spectrum Ana ly z er − used to display the spectrum analyzer measurement

function, with cent er frequency, s pan, reference le vel, marker, and tracking generator controls .

• Encoder − used to display the si gnalling encoder function, with function

generator, tone sequence, DTMF, CDCSS, di gital pa ging, cellular an d LTR and EDACS trunking subscre ens .

•Decoder − used to display the decoded data signalli ng with function

generator, tone sequence, DTMF, CDCSS, di gital pa ging, cellular an d LTR and EDACS trunking subscre ens .

• Radio Interface − used to control the vario us functions of the optional rad io

interface.

• Call Control − used to test AMPS TACS Cellular radios.

Screens that Require an Optional In strument

• TDMA Test

•PDC Test

•PHP Test

• CDMA Test

• CDMA Analyzer

• CDMA Generator

• Code Domain

• Call Control

The Test Set’s Features

User Keys

REF SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

k2 K3

CANCELSHIFT

DATA FUNCTIONS

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

AVG INCR

X10

4 1 0

YES

ON/OFF

USER

ASSIGN

RELEASE

User k1 - k5 keys − referred to as local keys, these keys enable you to instantly enable a field for fast or repetitive acces s. Local keys functi on for fields on the screen being displ ayed only.

User k1’ - k3’ keys

− referred to as global keys, these keys enable you

to display and control a field from another screen while viewing another screen.

To Assign a User Key

Select the screen which the desired field is on.

2. Position the cursor at the desired field using the Knob.

3. Press the ASSIGN key.

4. Press the desired k1-k5 or k1’-k3’ key.

To Un-assign a User Key

Select the screen which the desired field is on.

2. Position the cursor at the desired field using the Knob.

3. Press and release the SHIFT key.

Press the RELEASE key.

5. Press the ENTER key.

Data Function Keys

The Test Set’s Features

REF SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CANCELSHIFT

DATA FUNCTIONS

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

AVG INCR

X10

4 1 0

YES

ON/OFF

USER

ASSIGN

RELEASE

•The INCR ÷ 10, INCR SET, and INCR X10 keys change the increment/

decrement field value (units, tens, hundreds , etc).

• The keys increment/decrement field values, select among various field choices, or move the cursor within fields.

• The LO LIMIT and HI LIMIT key s set measure ment limits for PASS/FAIL indications .

• The REF SET key sets or removes a measurement reference f or rela tive AF and RF measurements.

• The METER key enables/disables the analog bar-graph meter.

• The AVG key enables/disables measurement averaging.

The Test Set’s Features

Knobs

REF SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

k2 K3

CANCELSHIFT

DATA FUNCTIONS

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

AVG INCR

X10

SQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

4 1 0

YES

ON/OFF

OUT

USER

ASSIGN

RELEASE

ANT IN

The Cursor Control Knob

• Moves the cursor to another field (rotate CW/CCW).

• Selects fields, scree ns, and settings from a list of choices. (push).

• Increments and decrements numeric field values (push to select, rotate the knob to increment or decrement the value, then push again to enter).

Volume and Squelch Knobs

VOLUME Control − adjusts the speaker volume for monitoring. SQUELCH Control

− adjusts the squelch thresho ld for AM, FM, or

SSB signals.

Screen C o nt ro l Keys

The Test Set’s Features

SCREEN CONTROL

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD P RINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONSUSER DATA

INSTRUMENT STATE

ADRS

LOCAL

RECALL

SAVE

MEAS

RESET

These keys are used to access several instrument control and information screens.

• RX key − displays the RX TEST screen for test of receivers.

• TX key − displays the TX TEST screen for test of transmitters.

• DUPLEX key − displays the DUPLEX TEST screen for simultane ous test

of transmitters/receivers.

•PREV key − returns the display to the prev ious screen.

• TESTS key − displays the TESTS (MAIN) screen used to access automated

test program functions.

• MSSG key − displays any error or operation messages since power- up.

• HELP key − displays the HELP screen that provides operating assistance.

• CONFIG key − displays the CONFIGURE screen defining general

operating functions.

• HOLD key − stops all me as urements. Selecting again resumes

measurement.

• PRINT key − prints the e ntire cont ents of the di splayed screen, the ti me and

date, and any previously defined print title ( if a printer is connected).

The Test Set’s Features

Instrument State Keys

SCREEN CONTROL

CONFIGHELPMSS G HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TE STS

DATA FUNCTION SUSER DATA

INSTRUMENT STATE

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

RECALL

MEAS RESET

PRESET

• LOCAL key − returns the instrument to manual control afte r HP- IB contr ol is used.

• RECALL key − lists and selects a previously stored instrument setup.

• MEAS RESET key − clears the measurement “history” for all of the instrument’s meas urement algorithms, and re-starts all measurements that were in progress.

•PRESET key − restor es most instrument settings to th eir factory default states. (Configure settings are not affected.)

• ADRS key − displays the current HP-IB address.

• SAVE key − stores an instrum en t setup.

Data Keys

The Test Set’s Features

REF SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

k2 K3

CANCELSHIFT

DATA FUNCTIO NS

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

AVG INCR

789

X10

456 123 0

YES

ON/OFF

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

kHz

Ω

ppm

dBµV

µV

MEMORY

CARD

USER DATA

ASSIGN

RELEASE

Data Entry keys− used to enter or change alphanumeric da ta (0-9, A-F,

“.”, “+”, or “−”) for measur ements or f ield entries . The EEX key i s us ed to enter the exponent for scientific notation.

Termination keys

− used to input the entered data in the units selected.

Also allows entry of “YES” or “NO” to confirm selected opera tions before they are executed.

• ENTER key − selects a field or screen, and enters numbers when the unit-

of-measure is not chang ed or not specified.

• ON/OFF key − enables and disables measurements, and turns numeric

fields (such as Amplitude ) on and off.

The Test Set’s Features

POWER

OFF ON

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUO US

Connectors

CANCELSHIFT

ANT IN

MAX POWER 20 0 mW

DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

ON/OFF

AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

MAX

12 v Pk

AUDIO IN

MAX

42 v Pk

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

µV

dBµV

ppm

RF IN/OUT Connector − type-N female connector for output signals from the RF Generator, and input signals (60 Watts continuous, or 100 Watts for 10 sec/min) to the RF Analyzer. Nominal impeda nce is 50

Ω..

DUPLEX OUT Connector

− female BNC connector for output RF

Generator and Tracking Ge nerat or signals. Nominal impedanc e is 50Ω. ANT IN Connector

low-power RF signals (

− female BNC connector for input and analysis of ≤200 m Watts), and for off-the-air

measurements. Nominal impedance is 50Ω. MIC/A CC Connect or

− 8-pin female DIN connector provides various

connections includin g:

• Audio microphone input for modulation of the RF output signal

• Control of the RF Generator’s output s tate

• Switching between the TX TEST and RX TEST screens

• Provides keying signal to control a transmitter under test

AUDIO OUT Connector − female BNC connector to output signals from AF Generators 1 and 2 (including encoder functions). Nominal output impedance is%<1Ω at 1 kHz.

AUDIO IN Connectors signals to the AF Analyzer. Nominal impedance is 1 M

• HI is the signal input for both grounding and floating input configurat ions.

• LO may be selected to connect the s ignal reference t o ground or float. T he connectors and controls located on the rear panel are as follows:

− two female BNC connectors to input audio Ω or 600Ω.

456

dBm

POWER

FON

The Test Set’s Features

Non-Bracketed Keys and Memory Card Slot

CURSOR CONTROL

ASSIGN

RELEASE

DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

ANT IN

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCELSHIFT

123 0

YES

NO ppm

ON/OFF

AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

Ω

dBµV

MHz

kHz

ms Hz

µV

AUDIO IN

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

Non-Bracketed Keys

The POWER key − turns the instrument on or off. The SHIFT key is used to select the blue -labeled functions listed above

certain keys. The CANCEL key is used to cancel an entry in progress, or stop a

running IBASIC program. The key is used to move the cursor to the left when entering

numbers in a field, thereby erasing the previous characters.

The Memo ry Card Sl ot

Slot for memory cards that are inserted to load software, or to record test results.

The Test Set’s Features

The Test Set’s Rear-Panel Features

HP-IB

(OPTIION)

PARALLEL PORT

SERIAL PORT

(OPTION)

CRT VID EO

MODULATION

DC CURR ENT

MEASUREMENT

INPUT

Connectors

• HP-IB Connector (optional) − 24-pin connector provides communication

between the Test Set a nd other instruments or a computer using the IEEE 488 Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB).

• SERIAL PORT Connector (optional) − 6-pin RJ-11 dual serial (RS-232 C)

port for entering prog ram s , printing test results and screen im age s, and sending test re su lts to external devices.

• DC CURRENT MEASUR EMENT Terminals (optional) − dual banana

jacks to measure from 0 to +10 ADC.

• MODULATION INPUT Connector − female BNC connector to input an

external signa l to the modulators. Maximum input level is 12 V peak (full scale input = 1 V peak), and nominal input impedance is 600Ω.

• CRT VIDEO OUTPUT Connector − female BNC connector provi des CRT

video to an external “multisync” video monitor.

OUTPUT

EXT SCOPE

TRIGGER

10 MHz REF

OUTPUT

10 MHz REF

INPUT

AUDIO

MONITOR

OPTION INTERFACE

114.3 MHz

HEADPHONE

RF IN

FUSE

DC INPUT

15A 11-32 VDC

CONTROL IO

CW RF

AC DC

AC FUSE

5A 250V

The Test Set’s Features

• EXT SCOPE TRIGGER INPUT Connector − female BNC connector to input an external oscilloscope tri gger. Maximum input leve l is ≈ 20 V peak.

• 10 MHz REF OUTPUT Connector − female BNC connector outputs a 10 MHz reference signal for locking external instruments.

• 10 MHz REF INPUT Connector − female BNC connector to input an external 1, 2, 5, or 10 MHz reference signal.

• AUDIO MONITOR OUTPUT Connector − female BNC connector provides an output from the AF Analyzer. Level is not affected by the VOLUME control, but is affected by the SQUELCH control.

• Chassis Ground Termin al − provi des a c hassis conne ction. Also provi des a safety ground when DC power is used.

• RADIO INTERFACE Connector (optional) − 37 pin “D” style conne ctor for parallel and serial communications, and audio/transmitter control lines between the Test Set and external radio equipment.

• DC INPUT Connector − 2-pin female connecto r to input 11-28 Vdc @ 120W (maximum) for DC operation.

• AC INPUT Connector − 3-pin male connector to input 100 to 240 Vac for AC operation.

Key and Fuse Holders

•AC/DC− selects the instrument’s power source.

• DC FUSE Holder − 15A 250V fuse for DC operation.

• AC FUSE Holder − 5A 250V fuse for AC operation.

The Test Set’s Features

Measurements Considerations

The following guideline s must be adhered to when performing any of the FM/AM /SSB Transmit t er and Rece iver, Spectru m An al yzer, or Oscilloscope Measurements.

Measurement Guideline 1

Connector Considerations

CAUTION: The RF present at any Test Set input connector must not exceed the specified

level or permanent instr ument damage may resul t. If necessary , use an extern al attenuator. I f ov erpo wer occurs , di scon nect the T rans mitter, t hen c ycle Test Set power OFF/ON to reset the protection circuitry.

RF IN/OUT

The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent instrument damage may result.

ANT IN

The RF present at the Test Set ANT IN connector must not exceed 200 mW or permanent instrument damage may result.

Measurement Guideline 2

Cabling and Adapter Considerations

For most FM, AM, and SSB measurements, only the standard Test Set with correct interco nnecting cables and adapters are required.

Output Power

If output power is greater than 60W (continuous), an external attenuator is also requir ed. Any other additional equipment or Test Set options that are required to perform the meas urement are listed in the procedure.

Cabling Test Loads

When measuring audio output, a Test Load with a resista nce value

dependent on the Receiver’s output impedance (normally 8 Ω) is required. In most cases, a non-inductive resistor with a power rating sufficient for the Receiver’s rated o utput power and resistance that matches the speaker impedance can be used. Typically, the test load is connected at the Test Set AUDIO IN connector using a BNC to dual banana adapter.

Measurement Guideline 2

Spectr u m A na l yz er

For Spectrum Analyzer measurements, the Spectrum Analyzer/ Tracking Generator opti on (002) must be installed in the Test Set.

Oscilloscope

For Oscilloscope Measurements, Hewlett-Packard’s HP 104XX series passive Oscilloscope probes can be used to input signals to the Oscilloscope via the front panel Audio Input or rear panel MODULATION INPUT connectors.

Measurement Guideline 3

Special Test Considerations

Information for pe rfor ming any of the FM, AM, or SSB measur ements:

Coaxial Cable

Use short runs of high quality coaxial cable and high quality adapters when connecting the device connected to the Test Set to ensure the most accurate power measurement. Double shielded coaxial cable is recommended when performing measurements on Cavities and Duplexers.

Cable and Adapter Loss

Remember that cable and adapter losses and mismatch must be considered when measuring RF power at VHF/UHF frequencies. If losses are known, they can be entered using the CONFIGURATION screen. Once entered, the measurement results are adjusted accordingly.

Incidental Audio

Incidental audio into a built-in or attached microphone may cause inaccurate readings. Whenever possible, disable the microphone input or minimize ambient audio during the measurement.

Transmitter’s DTMF, CTCSS, and or CDCSS Functions

Verify that the Transmi tter’s DTMF, CTCSS, and/or CDCSS func tions are OFF (if equipped), unless otherwise specified.

Receiver Test Loads

If using the Test Load, the measurement must be perfor med with only the load connected to the Receiver’s audio output circuitry (internal speaker disconnected). If the external speaker jack does not break the

Measurement Guideline 3

internal speake r connection, either the Te st Set AUDIO IN signal must be connected across the speaker (in this case, enter the impedance value of the speaker in lieu of the test load resistance), or the internal speaker must be physically dis connected.

Measuring Audio Output Power

When measuring audio output power in watts, alwa ys set Ext Load R

field to the Receiver’s audio output impedance or to the test load resistance (when connected). Failure to do so will cause the measurement to be incorrect.

Coded Squelch

Certain receivers use CTCSS, CDCSS, or trunked rad io signalling coded squelch. If the receiver is equipped with a coded squelch device that cannot be easily overridden, then the instruments AFGen2 or Encoder must be used to open the squelch for measurement. Also, if any of these are us ed, se t Filt er1 to 300Hz HPF to re move the t one use d to open the squelch prior to measurement. Refer to the “RX” or “Encoder” screen sections in the Test Set User’s Guide supplied with the instrument for more information.

Measurement Guideline 4

Additional Measurement Considerations

Pressing the PRESET and TX or RX keys at the beginning of each te st

automatically configur es the Test Set for “standard” transmitter/ receiver measurements. The controls and settings that need to be adjusted during performance of the measurement are discussed in each procedure. Additional parameters or controls that may need to be adjusted when testing a particular radio are describ ed in the “TX ”, “RX”, “Spectrum Analyzer”, “Encoder”, and “Decoder” screen sections of the Test Set User’s Guide supplied with the instrument.

Testing FM Radios

Introduction

Each procedure may contain the following information:

• A brief measurement ov erview and a refe rence to appli cable TI A/EIA specifications for each test.

• A list of the T es t S et options and additional tes t equipment required to perform the procedure.

• Any special test considerations that need to be considered for safety, measurem ent accuracy , etc.

• Step by step procedu res required to perform e ac h measurement (with illustrations).

Refer to "Configuring for Measurements" on p age 243, or the Test Set’s

User Guide on preparing the Test Set for operation.

List of Tests

FM Transmitter Measurements

"FM Off The Air Monitoring/Determining Unknown Transmitter Carrier Frequency" on pa ge 53. "FM Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency/Frequency Error Measurement" on page 56. "FM Deviation and Symmetry Measurement" on page 59. "FM Microphone Sensitivity and Modulation Limiting Measurement" on page 62. "FM CTCSS Encoder Frequency and Deviation Measurement" on page 65. "FM CDCSS Coding and Deviation Measurements" on page 67. "FM DTMF Encodes and Deviation Measurement" on page 70. "FM Audio Distortion Measurement " on page 74. "FM Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement" on page 76.

FM Receiver Measurements

"FM Audio Output Power Measurement" on page 80. "FM SINAD, Receiver Center Frequency, and Modulation Acceptance Bandwidth Measurement" on page 83. "FM Variation Of Sensitivity With Signal Frequency Measurement" on page 87. "FM 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity Meas urem ent" on page 91. "FM Critical and Maximum Squelch Sensitivity Measurement" on page 94. "FM CTCSS Sensitivity and Bandwidth Measurement" on page

97. "FM CDCSS Sensitivity Measurement" on page 101. "FM Audio Frequency Response Measurement" on page 105. "FM Audio Distortion Measurement " on page 108. "FM Spurious Response Attenuation Measurement" on page 111.

FM Transmitters

The following measurements are pr ovided for testing FM Transmitte rs. The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.

FM Transmitters

FM Off The Air Monitoring/Det erm ining Unknow n T ransm itte r Carrie r Frequency

Description

This procedure is used to locate, demodulate, and measure an FM

signal’s output carrier frequency. The low level signal is input to the front-panel ANT IN connector, located, then demodulated using the spectrum analyzer function.

NOTE: For performing an FM Off the Air Monitoring on a Known Transmitter

Carrier Frequency, see page 55. If attempting to dete rmine the unknown frequency of a Trans mitter connecte d

to the RF IN/OUT connector, see “Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency or Frequency Error Measurement” provided later in this chapter for the measurement proc edure.

POWER

OFF ON

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

Knob

Data Entry

Keys

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

AVG

INCR X10

k1’

k2’

k2 k3’

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CANCEL

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

RECALL

789

456 123

ON/OFF

YES

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

MAX

12 v Pk

MEAS RESET

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

s kHz mV

ms Hz µV

AUDIO IN

MAX

42 v Pk

PRESET

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

FM Transmitters

Test Set Options Required

Additional Equipment

Spectrum Analyzer/Tra cking Generator (option 102)

Whip antenna

Required

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Antenna to the ANT IN connector.

CAUTION: Do not exceed the connector’s rated input or permanent instrument damage

may result .

On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key.

❒ If monitoring an FM broadcast signal pe rform the following steps:

a Press the TX key. b Use the knob to change IF Filter to 230 kHz. c Continued to step 3.

❒ If not proceed to step 3.

Using the knob and data ent r y keys:

3 Select the SPEC ANL screen. 4 From the Control s select Ant. 5 Set Center Freq and Span fields to view desired spectrum. 6 Set Ref Level from −30 dBm to −50 dBm as required to vie w the desi red

signal.

Once the desired carrie r is found:

7 From Controls, select Main. 8 Select Marker from the Choices field. 9 Use the Marker To field to select the desired carrier.

On the Test Set frequency and level are displayed as shown.

FM Transmitters

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

BW= 3 kH z

Marker

Freq

MHz

101.12980

Lvl

dBm

-99.92

Level & Frequency displayed

10 To demodula te the carrier:

a With the m arker on the des ired ca rri er, s elec t Marker To to Center

Freq. b From Controls, select Main. c Select Marker from the Choices field. d Decrease th e Span to 1.5 MHz (or less). e Adjust the Volume and Squel ch controls to listen to th e demodulat-

ed carrier.

FM Off The Air Monitoring on a Known Transmitter Carrier Frequency 1 Press the PRESET key. 2 Press the TX key. 3 Set Tune Mode to Manual. 4 Set Tune Freq to known frequency. 5 Set Input Port to Ant 6 Set IF Filter to 230 kHz (if necessary).

FM Transmitters

FM Output Power, Deviation, and Frequency/Frequency Error Measurement

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s output carrier power and frequency (or frequency error) into 50 Ω. For FM Transmitters, deviation and modulating frequency are also measured. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C-1988, RS-316-C.

POWER

OFF ON

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

TX TEST

USER DATA

k1’

k2’

k3’

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

ANT INDUPL E X OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 20 0 mW

ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)

TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

Data Entry

Keys

AVG

INCR X10

789

456 123 0

YES

ON/OFF

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

12 v Pk

MEAS

RECALL

RESET

ENTER

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO IN

MAX

SHEILDED AUDIO CABLE

PRESET

dB GHz dBm

% MHz

s kHz mV

ms Hz

µV

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

MAX

42 v Pk

ANTENNA (RF OUT)

MICROPHONE (AUDIO INPUT)

Test Set Options Required

FM Transmitters

The typical error for the standard Test Set timebase is 2-3 Hz per 1 MHz (when measuring carrier frequency). If greater accuracy is required, use a Test with Option 001 (High Sta bility Timebase).

Special Test Considerations

"Cable and Adapter Loss" on page 46.

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Transmitter Under Test as shown.

CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W

continuous (or 100 Watts f or 10 sec/minute).

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key.

Using the knob and data entr y keys: 4 Set AFGen1 Lvl to the correct output level for the desired frequency devi-

ation (refer to microphone sensitivity and devi ation specifications for the Transmitter being tested).

5 Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 6 Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF . 7 Set De-Emphasis to Off.

NOTE: If the Test Set is equipped with the CCITT filter option, set Filter 1 to

<20 Hz HPF and Filter 2 to CCITT.

FM Transmitters

8. Determine if actual frequency readout or frequency error is the desired

measurement.

❒ For actual frequency readout, conti nue with step 9 ❒ For frequency error:

•Set Tune Mode to Manual.

•Set Tune Freq to the expected carrier frequency.

On the Radio: 9 Key the Transmitter.

As long as the Tra n smitter is key ed the measurement results will display.

Frequency

Output Power

TX Freq E rror

TX Frequency

145.280024

TX Power

Tune Mode

Auto/Manual

Tune Freq

145.280000

MHz

TX Pwr Zero

Zero

TX TEST

MHz

0.169 3.579

kHz

TX TEST

FM Deviation

3.579

AF Fre q

2.03 1.00004

Input Port

RF in/Ant

IF Filter

15 kHz

Ext TX Key

On/Off

AF Anl In

FM De mod

Filter 1

300Hz HPF

Filter 2

3kHz LPF

De-Emphasis

750 us/Off

Detector

Pk+-Max

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

MHz

AFGen1 Lvl

-45.5

dBm

Fre-

kHz

quency

kHz

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Modulating Fre-

FM Deviation and Symmetry Measurement

This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s frequency deviation and deviation symmetry. FM deviation is displayed on the Test Set. Deviation symmetry requires measuring the plus and minus peaks, then calculating symmetry.

FM Transmitters

POWER

OFF ON

50Ω COXIAL CABL E

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

TX TEST

USER DATA

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)

TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST

Knob

k1’

k2’

k2 k3’

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMS SG HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

REF SET

METER

INCR

INCR X10

: 10

SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

Data Entry

Keys

ADRS

LOCAL

AVG

789

456 123 0

YES

ppm

ON/OFF

AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

MAX

12 v Pk

INSTRUMENT STAT E

SAVE

MEAS

RECALL

Ω

dBµV

RESET

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

s kHz mV

ms Hz µV

AUDIO IN

MAX

42 v Pk

PRESET

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

SHEILDED AUDIO CABLE

ANTENNA (RF OUT)

MICROPHONE (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Transmitters

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Transmitter Under Test as shown.

CAUTION: T he RF prese nt at the Tes t Set RF IN/O UT conne ctor mus t not exceed 60W

continuous (or 100 Watt s for 10 sec/minute).

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key.

On the Radio: 4 Key the Tran smit ter and keep ke yed un til t he rem aining step s are com plete . On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 5 Set AFGen1 Lvl so that displayed FM deviation is 60% of the Transmit-

ter’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 3 kHz). On the Test Set m easured FM Deviation is displayed as shown.

Deviation

TX TEST

TX Frequency

144.680040

TX Power

kHz

FM Deviation

2.971

AF Fre q

0.591 1.00007

Tune Mode

Auto/Manual

Tune Freq

145.28 00 00

MHz

TX Pwr Zero

Zero

Input Port

RF in/Ant

IF Filter

15 kHz

Ext TX Key

On/Off

AF Anl In

FM De mod

Filter 1

300Hz HPF

Filter 2

3kHz LPF

De-Emphasis

750 us/Off

Detector

Pk+-Max

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

AFGen1 Lvl

-45.5

To measure FM symmet ry on the Test Set:

6 Set Detector to Pk−. 7 Record the displayed FM Deviation as Pk−. 8 Set Detector to Pk+.

MHz

dBm

kHz

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

9 Record the displaye d FM Dev iation as Pk+. Calcul ate the Me asu r ement: 10 Calculate the Deviation S ymmetry as follows:

FM Transmitters

Deviation Symmetry (in percent) =

For example, =

(3.010) - (2.971)

(3.010

(Pk +) - (Pk -)

(Pk +)

X 100 = 1.29

X 100

FM Transmitters

FM Microphone Sensitivity and Modulation Limiting Measurement

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s audio input sensitivity, and modulation limiting capability (if available). Modulation limiting is verified over the Transmitter’s audio frequency range. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152- C-1988 RS-316-B.

POWER

OFF ON

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

TX TEST

USER DATA

k1’

k2’

k3’

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

ANT INDUPL E X OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 20 0 mW

ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)

TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HO LD PRI NT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

Data Entry

Keys

AVG

INCR X10

789

456 123 0

YES

ON/OFF

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

12 v Pk

MEAS

RECALL

RESET

ENTER

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO IN

MAX

SHEILDED AUDIO CABLE

PRESET

dB GHz dBm

% MHz

s kHz mV

ms Hz

µV

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

MAX

42 v Pk

ANTENNA (RF OUT)

MICROPHONE (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Transmitters

Special Test Considerations

See "Incidental Audio" on page 46.

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Transmitter as shown.

CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W

continuous (or 100 Watts f or 10 sec/minute).

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key.

Using the knob and data key s:

4 Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 5 Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF.

On the Radio: 6 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed u ntil the remaining steps are complet-

On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 7 Set AFGen1 Lvl so that displayed FM deviation is 60% of the Transmit-

ter’s specified frequency deviation (t ypically 3 kHz). On the Test Set Microphone Sensitivity is shown as AFGen1 Lvl.

FM Transmitters

TX TEST

TX Fr equenc y

145.280024

TX Power

kHz

FM Deviation

AF Freq

kHz

2.965

kHz

2.03 1.00004

Tune Mode

Auto/Manual

Tune Freq

145.280000

MHz

TX Pwr Zero

Zero

Inpu t P or t

RF in/Ant

IF Filter

15 kHz

Ext TX Key

On/O ff

AF Anl In

FM De mod

Filter 1

300Hz HPF

Filter 2

3kHz LPF

De-Emphasis

750 us/Off

Detector

Pk+-Max

AFGen1 Freq

AFGen1 Lvl

1.0000

-45.5

MHz

dBm

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Microphone Sens it iv i ty

8 Set AFGen1 Lvl measurement units to dBm. 9 Increase AFGen1 Lvl by 20 dB.

Displayed FM deviation should not exceed the Transmitter’s maximum specifie d deviation.

10 Change AFGen1 Freq from 300 Hz to 3 kHz (in 100 Hz increments).

11 Verify that the displayed FM deviation does not exceed the Transmitter’s

maximum specified deviation.

FM CTCSS Encoder Frequency and Deviation Measurement

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) encoder frequency and frequency deviation. Both freq uency and deviat ion are read dir ectly off the Test Set screen. FM referen ce is A NSI/ E IA RS-220-A.

FM Transmitters

POWER

OFF ON

50Ω COXIAL CABL E

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

TX TEST

USER DATA

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)

TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST

Knob

k1’

k2’

k3’

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMS SG HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

REF SET

METER

INCR

INCR X10

: 10

SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

Data Entry

Keys

ADRS

LOCAL

AVG

789

456 123 0

YES

ppm

ON/OFF

AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

MAX

12 v Pk

INSTRUMENT STAT E

SAVE

MEAS

RECALL

Ω

dBµV

RESET

ENTER

dB GHz dBm

% MHz

s kHz mV

ms Hz

µV

AUDIO IN

MAX

42 v Pk

PRESET

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

SHEILDED AUDIO CABLE

ANTENNA (RF OUT)

MICROPHONE (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Transmitters

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Transmitter as shown.

CAUTION: T he RF prese nt at the Tes t Set RF IN/O UT conne ctor mus t not exceed 60W

continuous (or 100 Watt s for 10 sec/minute).

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key.

On the Radio: 4 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the r em aining steps are complet-

ed.

On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 5 Set Filter 2 to 300 Hz LPF.

On the Test Se t Tone frequenc y devi at ion is displ ayed a s FM Deviat ion as shown.

On the Test Set Tone freque ncy is displayed as AF Freq.

TX TEST

AF Anl In

FM Demod

Filter 1

300Hz HPF

Filter 2

3kHz LPF

De-Emphasis

750 us/Off

Detector

Pk+-Max

FM Deviation

AF Freq

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

AFGen1 Lvl

0.980

MHz

-45.5

dBm

kHz

To Scre en

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Tone Deviation

Tone Frequency

TX Frequency

145.890058

TX Powe r

Tune Mode

Auto/Manual

Tune Freq

145.280000

MHz

TX Pwr Zero

Zero

kHz

0.587 0.10354

Input Port

RF in/Ant

IF Filter

15 kHz

Ext TX Key

On/Off

FM CDCSS Coding and Deviation Measure ments

Description

This procedure is used to analyze an FM Transmitter’s Continuous Digital Coded Squelch System (CDCSS) digital data stream and frequency deviation. The data rate, binary data stream, and octal code are all displayed on the Test Set screen.

FM Transmitters

POWER

OFF ON

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

AF ANALYZER

DECODER

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HO LD PRI NT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

REF SET

k1’

INCR

: 10

k2’

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

k2 k3’

CURSOR CONTROL

ASSIGN

RELEASE

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

SHIFT

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)

TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST

Data Entry

METER

AVG

INCR

INCR X10

SET

Keys

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

RECALL

789

456 123

ON/OFF

YES

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

MAX

12 v Pk

MEAS RESET

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

s kHz mV

ms Hz

µV

AUDIO IN

MAX

42 v Pk

PRESET

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

ANTENNA (RF OUT)

FM Transmitters

Test Set Options Required

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Transmitter as shown.

CAUTION: T he RF prese nt at the Tes t Set RF IN/O UT conne ctor mus t not exceed 60W

continuous (or 100 Watt s for 10 sec/minute).

On the Test Set: 2 Press the PRESET key. Using the knob and the data entry keys:

3 Select the AF ANL screen. 4 Set Filter 1 to <20 Hz HPF setting. 5 Set Filter 2 to 300 Hz LPF setting. 6 Set Settling to Slow setting. 7 Select the DECODER screen. 8 Set Mode to CDCSS. 9 Set Standard to CD CSS.

Decoder Option

10 Set Input Level to 0.95 kHz. 11 Set Arm Meas to Cont.

On the Radio: 12 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the r em aining steps ar e complet-

ed. Data rate, binary data (bin), and the Octal Code(s) are displayed on the

Test Set as shown.

FM Transmitters

NOTE: Because framing information to indicate when a code word is not sent, the

decoded data displayed can result in several possible code combinations as shown. NPC may appear, indicating that no primary code matches the decoded data.

SIGNALING DECODER

bps

Data Rate Binary Data Octa l Co de(s )

Data Rate

134.400

Data (bin)

1101100011000010101111

Code (oct )

143 333

To measure deviation of the data stream on the Test Set: 13 Press the TX key.

Data stream deviation is displayed as FM Deviation.

Arm Meas Single/Cont

Stop Meas

AF Anl In

Audio Out

Input Level

1.0

Trig Leve l

242 mV

Polarity

Norm/Invert

Status: Computing

Mode

CDCSS

Standard

CDCSS

To Sc reen

RF GEN RF ANL AF AN L SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

FM Transmitters

FM DTMF Encodes and Deviation Measurement

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) frequency, deviation and frequency sequence (if desired).

POWER

OFF O N

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

TX TEST

DECODER

DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)

ANT IN

MAX POWER 200 mW

TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST

Knob

Data Entry

Keys

SCREEN CONTROL

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

k1’

REF SET

METER

AVG

INCR

: 10

SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSO R CONTR OL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANC EL

INCR X10

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

k2’

k3’

ADRS

LOCAL

789

456 123 0

YES

ppm

ON/OFF

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

MAX

12 v Pk

INSTRU M E NT STATE

SAVE

MEAS

RECALL

RESET

ENTER

dB GHz dBm

MHz

kHz

Ω

µV

dBµV

AUDIO I N

42 v Pk

PRESET

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

MAX

ANTENNA (RF OUT)

FM Transmitters

Test Set Options Required

Additional Equipment

Decoder Option

None

Required

Special Test Considerations

None

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Transmitter as shown.

CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W

continuous (or 100 Watts f or 10 sec/minute).

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key.

Using the knob and data entr y keys:

4 Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 5 Set Filter 2 to 3 kHz LPF. 6 Select the DECODER screen. 7 Set Mode to DTMF. 8 Set Input Level to 0.95 kHz. 9 Set Gate Time to desired value (typically 100 ms). 10 Set Arm Meas to Cont.

On the Test Set:

11 Adjust Volume control to desired level. 12 Adjust Squelch control until just closed.

FM Transmitters

On the Radio: 13 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until the r em aining steps ar e complet-

ed.

14 Press the desired DTMF key.

The symbol and tone pair frequencies will be displayed on the Test Set as shown.

DTMF Tone Pair

Sym

Lo Tone

Hi Tone

Freq

953.1 1226.9

SIGNALING DECODER

Time

62.4 67. 2

Off

Time

Arm Meas Single/Cont

Stop Meas

Gate Time

1.5000 0

AF Anl In

FM Demod

Input Level

3.0

kHz

Status: Idle

Mode

DTMF

Standard

Bell

To Sc reen

RF GEN RF ANL AF AN L SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

To Measure deviation of the DTMF on the Test Set: 15 Press the TX key.

Tone deviation is displayed as FM Deviation.

TX TEST

TX Frequency

145.890058

TX Power

kHz

0.587 0.10354

FM Deviation

0.980

AF Freq kHz

kHz

Tone Deviation

Tone Frequency

❒ If decoding a sequence of DTMF tones, proceed as follows:

a Set Gate Time to a value long enough to ca pture the entire seque nce

(typically 1 to 5 seconds).

b Set Arm Meas to Single. c Set Arm Meas (sta tus message will change to “ARMED”).

On the Radio:

d Key the Transmitter . e Send DTMF sequence.

The symbols and tone pair fr eque ncies will be displayed on the Test Set as shown.

FM Transmitters

DTMF Tone Sequence

Sym

5 5 5 1 2 1 2

Lo Tone

Freq

770.9

770.8

770.9

770.4

770.6

770.3

770.6

Hi Tone

Freq

1341.2

1340.0

1340.4

1224.6

1340.6

1224.7

1340.7

SIGNALING DECODER

Off

Time

109.8

109.9

111.2

107.6

112.8

108.3

116.4

106.0

112.3

102.7

111.7

107.7

106.6

Arm Meas Single/Cont

Stop Meas

Gate Time

1.5000 0

AF Anl In

FM Demod

Input Level

3.0

kHz

Status: Idle

Mode

DTMF

Standard

Bell

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

FM Transmitters

FM Audio Distortion Measurement

Description

This procedure is used t o measur e an FM Tr ansmitte r’s audio f requency harmonic distortion level. FM referen ce is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C, RS-316-B.

POWER

OFF ON

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

TX TEST

USER DATA

k1’

k2’

k3’

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

DUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)

ANT IN

MAX POWER 20 0 mW

TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HO LD PRI NT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

Data Entry

Keys

AVG

INCR X10

789

456 123 0

YES

ON/OFF

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

12 v Pk

MEAS

RECALL

RESET

ENTER

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO IN

MAX

SHEILDED AUDIO CABLE

PRESET

dB GHz dBm

% MHz

kHz mV

µV

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

MAX

42 v Pk

ANTENNA (RF OUT)

MICROPHONE (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Transmitters

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Transmitter as shown.

CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W

continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent instrument damage may result.

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key.

Using the knob and data entr y keys:

4 Set Filter 1 to 300 Hz HPF. 5 Select the AF Freq Meter. 6 Select Distn from the Choices field. 7 Set AFGen1 Lvl so that displayed FM deviation is 100% of the Transmit-

ter’s specified maximum frequency deviation.

NOTE: Do not exceed the specified input level that causes maximum frequency

deviation, or the Transmitter’s modulation limiting circuits will cause added distortion. R efer to the inp ut lev el /devia ti on spe cific at ion s for the T ransm itte r being tested.

On the Radio: 8 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed until reading displays.

Distortion (in percent, or dB) is displayed on the Test Set as sh own.

TX TEST

TX Frequency

145.279974

TX Power

kHz

2.05 3.4

FM Deviation

4.847

Distn kHz

kHz

Deviation

Distortion

FM Transmitters

FM Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Transmitter’s conducted harmonic and spurious emissions. The spectrum analyzer option is used to display harmonic and spurious components from 400 kHz to 1000 MHz. FM reference is ANSI/EIA-RS-152-C, RS-316-B.

POWER

OFF ON

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

TX TEST

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

ATTENUATOR (OPTIONAL)

TRANSMITTER UNDER TEST

ANT INDUPL E X OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 20 0 mW

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HO LD PRI NT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

k1’

REF SET

INCR

: 10

k2’

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

k3’

CURSOR CONTROL

ASSIGN

RELEASE

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

SHIFT

METER

AVG

INCR

INCR X10

SET

Data Entry

789

456 123 0

YES

ON/OFF

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

Keys

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

LOCAL

RECALL

Ω

ppm

dBµV

MAX

12 v Pk

SHEILDED AUDIO CABLE

MEAS RESET

ENTER

dB GHz dBm

% MHz

s kHz mV

ms Hz

µV

AUDIO IN

MAX

42 v Pk

PRESET

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

ANTENNA (RF OUT)

MICROPHONE (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Transmitters

Test Set Options Required

Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator (option 102)

Cable and adapter mismatch must be considered when measuring harmonics and spuri ous emissions of a transmitter. If an external attenuator is used, special care must

Special Test Considerations

be taken to ensure the attenuator is not causing any spurious or harmonic emission. Also, if spur ious e missions are located, verify that the tr ansmitter is the source, and not another object radiat ed emis sions near the test site

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Transmitter as shown.

CAUTION: The RF present at the Test Set RF IN/OUT connector must not exceed 60W

continuous (or 100 Watts for 10 sec/minute) or permanent instrument damage may result.

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the TX key.

On the Radio:

4 Key the Transmitter and keep keyed u ntil the remaining steps are complet-

ed.

On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 5 Set AFGen1 Lvl so that displayed FM deviation is 50% of the Transmit-

ter’s specified maximum frequency deviation (typically 2.5 kHz).

6 Set AFGen1 Lvl units to dBm. 7 Inc rease (mor e pos i ti v e) AFGen1 Lvl by 16 dB. 8 Select SPEC ANL. 9 Set Span to 1.1 MHz. 10 Set Ref Level to place the carrier peak at the top graticule line.

FM Transmitters

To set Ref Level:

• From the Marker screen, select Marker To Peak

• Select Marker To Ref Lev el

11 Tune Center Freq in 1 MHz steps anywhere from 400 kHz to 1 GHz in

search of harmonics, sub-harmonics, multiples, or spurious emissions.

NOTE: If spurious emissions are suspect, un-key the Transmitter, and verify that

emissions are from the transmitter and not another source.

To measure spurious emission of the transmitter under test:

• Place at center frequency.

• Or perform the following:

a Select Main from the Controls field. b Select Markers from the Choi ces field. c Position the marker on the desired peak. (Position or Next Peak)

Marker frequency and level are displayed as shown.

SPECTRUM ANALYZER

BW= 3 kH z

Marker

Freq

MHz

101.12980

Lvl

dBm

-99.92

Spurious or Harmonic Level & Frequency

FM Receivers

The following measurements are provi ded for testing FM Receivers. The procedures are arranged in the order that tests are typically performed.

FM Receivers

FM Audio Output Power Measurement

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s maximum audio output power (or rated output power) into a Test Load. Output powe r is displayed (in various measurement units, including watts) on the Test Set screen. The FM reference is RS-204D and RS-316B.

POWER

OFF O N

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

ANTENNA (RF INPUT)

RX TEST

Knob

SCREEN CONTROL

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSO R CONTR OL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANC EL

ANT INDU P L E X OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

k1’

k2’

k2 k3’

TEST LOAD

RECEIVER UNDER TEST

AVG

INCR

INCR X10

SET

Data Entry

Keys

INSTRUMENT STATE

ADRS

SAVE

RECALL

MEAS RESET

LOCAL

789

456 123

YES

ON/OFF

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

12 v Pk

AUDIO IN

MAX

GND

ENTER

PRESET

GHz dBm

MHz

s kHz

ms Hz

µV

MAX

42 v Pk

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

SPEAKER (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Receivers

Additional Equipment

Required

Special Test Considerations

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown.

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key.

Using the knob and data entr y keys:

4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency . 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency de-

viation (typically 3 kHz).

7 Set Ext Load R to the test load resistance. 8 Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.

Test Lo ad

See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.

FM Receivers

On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:

9 Set power to ON. 10 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4 11 Set squelch to minimum. 12 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13 Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.

Refer to "Coded Squelch" on page 47 for information on opening Receivers with coded squelch.

14 Slowly increase volume control until the AC Level reaches the Receiver’s

rated output power, or reaches a maximum level (stop s increasing). Refer to audio outp ut specifications for the Receiver being tested as

required.

NOTE: If the rated output cannot be obtained, tro ubleshoot and repair the Receiver’s

audio stages is necessary.

Measurement results are displayed on the Test Set as shown.

RX TEST

AFGen2 Freq

1.0000

AFGen2 To

Off

AC Level

0.06054

Filter 1

50Hz HPF

Filter 2

15kHz H PF

Ext Load R

8.00

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Ω

Audio (AF) Output Power

SINAD

012.09 Avg

RF Ge n Fr eq

145.28 0000

Amplitude

Atten Hold

On/Off

Output Port

RF Out/Dupl

0.267

MHz

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

AFGen1 To

3.00

MHz

kHz

FM Receivers

FM SINAD, Receiver Center Frequency, and Modulation Acceptance Bandwidth Measurement

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s sensitivity (for 12dB SINAD), center frequency, and modulation acceptance bandwidth. All measurements are read from the Test Set screen. Reference is RS-204D.

POWER

OFF ON

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

ANTENNA (RF INPUT)

RX TEST

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOL D PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

k1’

k2’

k2 k3’

TEST LOAD

RECEIVER UNDER TEST

AVG

INCR

INCR X10

SET

Data Entry

Keys

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

RECALL

MEAS RESET

LOCAL

789

456 123

YES

ON/OFF

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

AUDIO IN

MAX

12 v Pk

GND

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

PRESET

s kHz mV

ms Hz µV

MEMORY

MAX

42 v Pk

CARD

LOHI

SPEAKER (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Receivers

Additional Equipment

Required

Spec ia l Test Consid eratio n s

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receive r as shown.

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key.

Using the knob and data ent r y keys:

4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency de-

viation (typically 3 kHz).

7 Set Ext Load R to the tes t loa d re s istance. 8 Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.

On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:

Test Load

See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.

9 Set power to ON. 10 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4 11 Set squelch to minimum. 12 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13 Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.

NOTE: Failure to set coded squelch to off will cause the SINAD measurement to be

incorrect.

14 Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 100% of th e Receiver’s rat-

ed audio output power.

Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested.

On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 15 Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 12 dB.

Sensitivity (12dB SINAD) is displayed as Amplitude as shown.

• Record the level (in uv) for use in step 17.

RX TEST

AC Leve l

0.4527

SINAD

0 14.00

Avg

FM Receivers

Center Frequency

Sensitivity

RF Gen Freq

146.519000

MHz

Amplitude

-119.4

dbm

Atten Hold

On/Off

Output Port

RF Out/Dupl

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

AFGen1 To

3.00

kHz

AFGen2 Freq

1.0000

AFGen2 To

Off

kHz

Filter 1

50Hz HPF

Filter 2

15kHz H PF

Ext Load R

8.00

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Ω

❒ If desired, use the meter averaging functi on f or the SINAD indicator.

a Select dB on the SINAD meter. b Press the AVG key.

❒ If desired, select the number of readings to average.

• Enter the number of readings to average. Higher number of readings averaged will require longer to

reach the final indication.

❒ If desired, verify that the Receiver is tuned to a specific freque ncy (Re-

ceiver Center Frequency)

• Slowly increase or decrease RF Gen Freq (in 100 Hz steps) until

SINAD meter reads maximum. Receiver Center F requen cy i s displa yed as RF Gen Freq as shown

above.

16 If changed because of the pr evious steps, re set RF Gen Freq to recei ver op-

erating frequency.

17 Set Am pl itud e to a level 6 dB higher (more po sit ive ) th an the lev el re cord -

ed in step 5.

18 Increase AFGen1 To Deviation until SINAD meter reads 12 dB.

FM Receivers

On the Test Set modula tion acceptance bandwidth is displayed as AFGen1 To Deviation as shown.

RX TEST

SINAD

012.08 Avg

AC Level

0.6950

Modulatio n Acceptance Bandwidth

RF Gen Freq

146.519000

MHz

Amplitude

-119.4

dbm

Atten Hold

On/Off

Output Port

RF Out/Dupl

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

AFGen1 To

7.70

kHz

AFGen2 Freq

1.0000

kHz

AFGen2 To

Off

Filter 1

50Hz HPF

Filter 2

15kHz HPF

Ext Load R

8.00

Ω

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

FM Variation Of Sensitivity With Signal Frequency Measurement

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s usable bandwidth (at 12 dB SINAD). A reference is establ ished (at 12 dB SINAD), then the level is increased by 6 dB. Frequ en cy is increased and decreased until the SINAD of 12 dB is again obtained. Usable bandwidth is then calculated. Reference is EIA-204-D.

FM Receivers

POWER

OFF ON

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

ANTENNA (RF INPUT)

RX TEST

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOL D PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

k1’

k2’

k2 k3’

TEST LOAD

RECEIVER UNDER TEST

AVG

INCR

INCR X10

SET

Data Entry

Keys

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

RECALL

MEAS RESET

LOCAL

789

456 123

YES

ON/OFF

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

AUDIO IN

MAX

12 v Pk

GND

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

PRESET

s kHz mV

ms Hz µV

MEMORY

MAX

42 v Pk

CARD

LOHI

SPEAKER (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Receivers

Additional Equipment

Required

Spec ia l Test Consid eratio n s

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receive r as shown.

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key.

Using the knob and data ent r y keys:

4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency de-

viation (typically 3 kHz).

7 Set Ext Load R to the tes t loa d re s istance. 8 Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.

Test Load

See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.

FM Receivers

On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:

9 Set power to ON. 10 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4. 11 Set squelch to minimum. 12 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13 Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.

NOTE: Failure to set coded squelch to off will cause the SINAD measurement to be

incorrect.

14 Set the volume control until the AC Level reads 100% of the Receiver’s rat -

ed audio output power. Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested.

On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 15 Decrease Amplitude until the SINAD meter reads 12 dB.

Sensitivity (12dB SINAD) is displayed as Amplitude as shown.

• Record the frequency as Assigned Freq for use later in the procedure.

RX TEST

AC Level

0.2775

Assigned

SINAD

0 11.97

Avg

High, Low

8.00

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Ω

Frequency

RF Gen Freq

145.285900

MHz

Amplitude

-113.0

dbm

Atten Hold

On/Off

Output Port

RF Out/Dupl

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

kHz

AFGen1 To

7.70

kHz

AFGen2 Freq

1.0000

AFGen2 To

Off

kHz

Filter 1

50Hz HPF

Filter 2

15kHz H PF

Ext Lo ad R

FM Receivers

❒ If desired, use the meter averaging f unction for the SINAD indicator.

a Select dB on the SINAD meter. b Press the AVG key.

❒ If desired, select the number of read ings to average.

• Enter the number of readings to average. Higher number of readings averaged will requir e longer to

reach the fina l indication.

16 Increase Amplitude (more positive) by 6 dB. 17 Increase RF Gen Freq (in 100 Hz s teps) unti l the SINAD m eter again reads

12 dB.

• Record the frequency as High Freq for use lat er in the procedure.

18 Decrease RF Gen Freq (in 100 Hz step s) until the SINAD meter again

reads 12 dB.

• Record the frequency as Low Freq for use later in the procedure.

Calculate the measur ement: 19 High Freq − Assigned Freq and Assigned Freq − Low Freq

The minimum usable bandwidth is the smaller result.

FM 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity Measure ment

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s quieting sensitivity (20 dB reduct ion in noise). A reference is established with no signal at the Receiver’s antenna, then an un-modulated carrier is applied and the RF amplitude is increased until a 20 dB reduction in noise is measured at the audio output.

FM Receivers

POWER

OFF ON

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

ANTENNA (RF INPUT)

RX TEST

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOL D PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

k1’

k2’

k2 k3’

TEST LOAD

RECEIVER UNDER TEST

AVG

INCR

INCR X10

SET

Data Entry

Keys

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

RECALL

MEAS RESET

LOCAL

789

456 123

YES

ON/OFF

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

AUDIO IN

MAX

12 v Pk

GND

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

PRESET

s kHz mV

ms Hz µV

MEMORY

MAX

42 v Pk

CARD

LOHI

SPEAKER (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Receivers

Additional Equipment

Required

Spec ia l Test Consid eratio n s

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receive r as shown.

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key.

Using the knob and data e ntry keys:

4 Set RF Gen Freq to receiver operating frequency. 5 Set AFGen1 to OFF. 6 Set Amplitude to OF F . 7 Set Ext Load R to the tes t loa d re s istance. 8 Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.

Test Load

See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.

FM Receivers

On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:

9 Set power to ON. 10 If required, set frequency to same value as st e p 4. 11 Set squelch to minimum. 12 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 13 Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF.

Refer to "Coded Squelch" on page 47 for information on opening Receivers with coded squelch.

14 Set the volume control until t he AC Level reads 25% of the Receive r’s rated

audio output power. Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:

15 Select AC Level 16 Press the REF SET key. 17 Increase Amplitude until the AC Level meter reads -20.00 dB.

On the Test Set 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity is displayed as Amplitude as shown.

RX TEST

20 dB Quieting Sensitivity

SINAD

01.36 Avg

RF Gen Freq

145.280000

Amplitude

Atten Hold

On/Off

Output Port

RF Out/Dupl

0.501

MHz

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

AFGen1 To

Off

kHz

AFGen2 Freq

1.0000

AFGen2 To

Off

AC Leve l

kHz

-20.34

Ref

Filter 1

50Hz HPF

Filter 2

15kHz H PF

Ext Load R

8.00

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Ω

FM Receivers

FM Critical and Maximum Squelch Sens itivit y Measu rem en t

Description

This procedure is used to measure an FM Receiver’s critical squelch and maximum squelch sensitivity. For critical squelch, the receiver is just squelched with minimum modulated input a t the Receiver’s antenna, then the input is increas ed until the squelch is opened. Maximum squelch is the amount of modulated signal required to open the squelch when the control is set to maximum. Minimum and maximum squelch hysteresis is also measured and calculated. The FM reference is EIA/TIA-204-D.

POWER

OFF O N

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

RX TEST

ANT IN

MAX POWER 200 m W

DUPLEX OU TRF IN/OUT

ANTENNA (RF INPUT)

3 Knob

Data Entry

Keys

SCREEN CONTROL

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOLD PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

k1’

REF SET

METER

AVG

INCR

k2’

k3’

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

INCR X10

: 10

SET

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

789

456 123 0

YES

ON/OFF

AUDIO OUTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

RECEIVER UNDER TEST

INSTRUMENT STATE

ADRS

LOCAL

RECALL

NO ppm

MAX 12 v Pk

SAVE

Ω

dBµV

MEAS

RESET

ENTER

dB GHz dBm

MHz

kHz mV

µV

AUDIO I N

PRESET

MEMORY

CARD

LOHI

MAX 42 v Pk

FM Receivers

Special Test Considerations

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receiver as shown.

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key.

Using the knob and data entr y keys:

4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency . 5 Set Amplitude to −137 dBm.

On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:

6 Set power to ON. 7 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4. 8 Set squelch to minimum. 9 S et RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 10 Set coded squelch feature (if equipped) to OFF. 11 Set the volume control unt il noise is at a comfortable level.

See "Coded Squelch" on page 47.

12 Increase the Receiver’s sq uelch control until audio is just squelched.

FM Receivers

On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 13 Slowly increase the Amplitude until squelch just remains open.

Critical Squelch is displayed as Amplitude as shown.

• Re cord thi s level.

RX TEST

SINAD

02.23 Avg

AC Leve l

-20.34

Ref

8.00

Ω

To Sc reen

RF GEN RF ANL AF AN L SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Squelch Sensitivity

RF Gen Freq

145.280000

MHz

Amplitude

0.0890

Atten Hold

On/Off

Output Port

RF Out/Dupl

AFGen1 Freq

AFGen1 To

1.0000

3.00

kHz

AFGe n2 Fre q

1.0000

AFGe n2 To

Off

kHz

Filter 1

50Hz HPF

Filter 2

15kHz H PF

Ext Load R

14 Decrease Amplitude until the Receiver’s squelch just closes.

• Re cord thi s level.

Calculate the measur ement: 15 Critical Squelch Hysteresis is the difference between the two readings. On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows: 16 Set the Receiver’s s quelch control to maximum. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys: 17 Increase Amplitude until the Receiver’s squelch just opens.

• Re cord thi s level.

18 Record the maximum squelch sensitivity is displayed as Amplitude as

shown.

19 Decrease Amplitude until the Receiver’s squelch just closes.

• Re cord thi s level.

Calcula te the reading:

20 Maximum Squelch Hysteresis is the differ ence between the two readings.

FM CTCSS Sensitivity and Band w idth Measurement

Description

This procedur e is use d to measure an FM Receiver’s Continuous Tone Coded Squelch System (CTCSS) sensitivity and bandwidth. For sensitivity, the minimum signal inpu t at the Receiver’s antenna (modulated with tone) that opens the squelch is measured and displayed. Squelch hysteresis is also measured and calculated. Tone frequency is then increased and decreased until the squelch boundaries are determined and the Bandwidth is calc ulated. Reference is ANSI/EIA RS-220A.

FM Receivers

POWER

OFF ON

MAX POWER 60 W

CONTINUOUS

50Ω COXIAL CABLE

ANTENNA (RF INPUT)

RX TEST

Knob

SCREEN CONTRO L

CONFIGHELPMSSG HOL D PRINT

DUPLEXTXRX PREV TESTS

DATA FUNCTIONS

USER DATA

REF SET

METER

INCR

: 10

LO LIMIT HI LIMIT

CURSOR CONTROL

PUSH TO SELECT

CANCEL

ANT INDUPLEX OUTRF IN/OUT

MAX POWER 200 mW

ASSIGN

RELEASE

SHIFT

k1’

k2’

k2 k3’

TEST LOAD

RECEIVER UNDER TEST

AVG

INCR

INCR X10

SET

Data Entry

Keys

INSTRUMENT STAT E

ADRS

SAVE

RECALL

MEAS RESET

LOCAL

789

456 123

YES

ON/OFF

Ω

ppm

dBµV

AUDIO O UTSQUELCHVOLUMEMIC/ACC

AUDIO IN

MAX

12 v Pk

GND

ENTER

GHz dBm

MHz

PRESET

s kHz mV

ms Hz

µV

MEMORY

MAX

42 v Pk

CARD

LOHI

SPEAKER (AUDIO INPUT)

FM Receivers

Additional Equipment

Required

Spec ia l Test Consid eratio n s

Measurement Procedure: 1 Connect the Receive r as shown.

On the Test Set:

2 Press the PRESET key. 3 Press the RX key.

Using the knob and data ent r y keys:

4 Set RF Gen Freq to the receiver operating frequency. 5 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm (1 mV). 6 Set AFGen1 To 60% of the Receiver’s specified maximum frequency de-

viation (typically 3 kHz).

7 Set AFGen2 Freq to the Receiver’s CTCSS tone f r equency. 8 Set AFGen2 To to th e 500 Hz. 9 Set Ext Load R to the test load re sistanc e.

Test Load

See "Receiver Test Loads" on page 46.

10 Set AC Level meter to measure Watts.

FM Receivers

On the Radio set the Receiver’s Controls as follows:

11 Set power to ON. 12 If required, set frequency to the same value as step 4 13 If required, set CTCSS tone frequency to the same value as step 4 14 Set RF Gain to maximum (if equipped). 15 Set squelch control to mini mum (if equipped). 16 Set the volume control unt il the AC Level reads 100% of the Receiver’s

specified audio out put. Refer to the audio output specifications for the receiver being tested.

17 Verify Receiver’s squelch is closed. On the Test Set using the knob and data entry keys:

18 Set Amplitude to -137 dBm. 19 Slowly increase the Amplitude until the squelch remains ope n and the SI-

NAD indicator shows 10 dB (minimum). CTCSS Sensitivity is displa yed as Amplitude as shown.

• Record this level.

RX TEST

SINAD

011.16 Avg

AC Level

0.6321

CTCSS

8.00

To Screen

RF GEN RF ANL AF ANL SCOPE SPEC ANL ENCODER DECODER RADIO INT

Ω

Squelch Sensitivity

RF Gen Freq

145.28 0000

MHz

Amplitude

0.282

Atten Hold

On/Off

Output Port

RF Out/Dupl

AFGen1 Freq

1.0000

AFGen1 To

3.00

kHz

AFGen2 Freq

100.0

AFGen2 To

5.00

Filter 1

50Hz HPF

Filter 2

15kHz HPF

Ext Load R

20 Set Amplitude to −47 dBm. 21 Slowly increase the AFGEN2 Freq in 0.1 Hz incre ments unt il th e squ elch

just closes.

• Record the frequency.

22 Slowly decrease the AFGEN2 Freq in 0.1 Hz inc reme nts unt il the s quelc h

Agilent Technologies HP8648A, 8648A User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Features

Specifications

Feature Contents

The Test’s Sets Front-Panel Features

The Test Set’s Rear-Panel Features

Connector Considerations

Cabling and Adapter Considerations

Special Test Considerations

Additional Measurement Considerations

FM Deviation and Symmetry Measurement

FM CDCSS Coding and Deviation Measure ments

FM DTMF Encodes and Deviation Measurement

FM Audio Distortion Measurement

FM Harmonics and Spurious Output Measurement

FM Audio Output Power Measurement

FM 20 dB Quieting Sensitivity Measure ment

FM CTCSS Sensitivity and Band w idth Measurement