Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ FPGAs GTM Transceivers User Manual

Virtex UltraScale+ FPGAs GTM Transceivers
User Guide
UG581 (v1.0) January 4, 2019

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Initial Xilinx release. N/A
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Table of Contents

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Revision History...............................................................................................................2
Chapter 1: Transceiver and Tool Overview.......................................................5
Introduction to the UltraScale Architecture.............................................................................5
Features........................................................................................................................................6
UltraScale+ FPGAs GTM Transceivers Wizard.......................................................................... 9
Simulation.................................................................................................................................. 10
Implementation.........................................................................................................................11
Chapter 2: Shared Features.....................................................................................12
Reference Clock Input/Output Structure............................................................................... 12
Reference Clock Selection and Distribution...........................................................................14
LCPLL...........................................................................................................................................18
Reset and Initialization............................................................................................................. 23
Power Down...............................................................................................................................45
Loopback.................................................................................................................................... 46
Dynamic Reconfiguration Port................................................................................................ 47
Digital Monitor...........................................................................................................................50
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Chapter 3: Transmitter.............................................................................................. 54
TX Interface................................................................................................................................55
TX FEC......................................................................................................................................... 63
TX Buffer.....................................................................................................................................66
TX Pattern Generator................................................................................................................67
TX Polarity Control.....................................................................................................................71
TX Gray Encoder........................................................................................................................ 71
TX Pre-Coder.............................................................................................................................. 72
TX Fabric Clock Output Control............................................................................................... 73
TX Configurable Driver............................................................................................................. 77
Chapter 4: Receiver......................................................................................................84
RX Analog Front End................................................................................................................. 85
RX Equalizer............................................................................................................................... 87
RX CDR........................................................................................................................................ 93
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RX Fabric Clock Output Control............................................................................................... 94
RX Margin Analysis....................................................................................................................98
RX Pre-Coder..............................................................................................................................99
RX Gray Encoder........................................................................................................................99
RX Polarity Control.................................................................................................................. 100
RX Pattern Checker................................................................................................................. 101
RX Buffer...................................................................................................................................104
RX FEC....................................................................................................................................... 106
RX Interface..............................................................................................................................113
Chapter 5: Board Design Guidelines................................................................ 117
Pin Description and Design Guidelines................................................................................ 117
Reference Clock....................................................................................................................... 120
GTM Transceiver Reference Clock Checklist........................................................................ 122
Reference Clock Interface...................................................................................................... 123
AC Coupled Reference Clock..................................................................................................124
Unused Reference Clocks.......................................................................................................125
Reference Clock Output Buffer..............................................................................................125
Reference Clock Power...........................................................................................................125
Power Supply and Filtering.................................................................................................... 125
PCB Design Checklist.............................................................................................................. 129
Appendix A: DRP Address Map of the GTM Transceiver in
UltraScale+ FGPAs.................................................................................................. 133
GTM_DUAL Primitive DRP Address Map...............................................................................133
Appendix B: Additional Resources and Legal Notices........................... 143
Xilinx Resources.......................................................................................................................143
Documentation Navigator and Design Hubs...................................................................... 143
Please Read: Important Legal Notices................................................................................. 144
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Chapter 1
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Transceiver and Tool Overview

Introduction to the UltraScale Architecture

The Xilinx® UltraScale™ architecture is the rst ASIC-class architecture to enable mul-hundred gigabit-per-second levels of system performance with smart processing, while eciently roung and processing data on-chip. UltraScale architecture-based devices address a vast spectrum of high-bandwidth, high-ulizaon system requirements by using industry-leading technical innovaons, including next-generaon roung, ASIC-like clocking, 3D-on-3D ICs, mulprocessor SoC (MPSoC) technologies, and new power reducon features. The devices share many building blocks, providing scalability across process nodes and product families to leverage system-level investment across plaorms.
Virtex® UltraScale+™ devices provide the highest performance and integraon capabilies in a FinFET node, including both the highest serial I/O and signal processing bandwidth, as well as the highest on-chip memory density. As the industry's most capable FPGA family, the Virtex UltraScale+ devices are ideal for applicaons including 1+ Tb/s networking and data center and fully integrated radar/early-warning systems.
Virtex® UltraScale™ devices provide the greatest performance and integraon at 20 nm, including serial I/O bandwidth and logic capacity. As the industry's only high-end FPGA at the 20 nm process node, this family is ideal for applicaons including 400G networking, large scale ASIC prototyping, and emulaon.
Kintex® UltraScale+™ devices provide the best price/performance/wa balance in a FinFET node, delivering the most cost-eecve soluon for high-end capabilies, including transceiver and memory interface line rates as well as 100G connecvity cores. Our newest mid-range family is ideal for both packet processing and DSP-intensive funcons and is well suited for applicaons including wireless MIMO technology, Nx100G networking, and data center.
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Chapter 1: Transceiver and Tool Overview
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Kintex® UltraScale™ devices provide the best price/performance/wa at 20 nm and include the highest signal processing bandwidth in a mid-range device, next-generaon transceivers, and low-cost packaging for an opmum blend of capability and cost-eecveness. The family is ideal for packet processing in 100G networking and data centers applicaons as well as DSP-intensive processing needed in next-generaon medical imaging, 8k4k video, and heterogeneous wireless infrastructure.
Zynq® UltraScale+™ MPSoC devices provide 64-bit processor scalability while combining real-
me control with so and hard engines for graphics, video, waveform, and packet processing. Integrang an ARM®-based system for advanced analycs and on-chip programmable logic for task acceleraon creates unlimited possibilies for applicaons including 5G Wireless, next generaon ADAS, and Industrial Internet-of-Things.
This user guide describes the UltraScale architecture GTM transceivers and is part of the UltraScale architecture documentaon suite available at: www.xilinx.com/ultrascale.

Features

The GTM transceiver in the UltraScale+ FPGA is a high performance transceiver, supporng line rates between 9.8 Gb/s and 58 Gb/s. Based on the available PLL divider conguraons in the GTM transceivers, the following line rates are supported:
• PAM4 modulaon:
58 Gb/s – 39.2 Gb/s
29 Gb/s – 19.6 Gb/s
• NRZ modulaon:
29 Gb/s – 19.6 Gb/s
14.5 Gb/s – 9.8 Gb/s
The GTM transceiver is Xilinx’s rst PAM4 enabled transceiver that is highly congurable and ghtly integrated with the programmable logic resources of the FPGA. The table below summarizes the features by funconal group that support a wide variety of applicaons.
Table 1: GTM Transceiver Features
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Group Feature
KP4 Reed-Solomon forward error correction (RS-FEC) for up to 2 x 58 Gb/s or 1 x 116 electrical and optical links
PCS
PRBS generator and checker
Programmable FPGA logic interface
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Table 1: GTM Transceiver Features (cont'd)
Group Feature
LC tank oscillator PLL (LCPLL) for best jitter performance
Flexible clocking with one PLL per Dual (two channels)
Programmable TX output
PMA
Notes:
1. A dual is a cluster or set of two GTM transceiver channels. One GTM_DUAL primitive, one differential reference clock
TX FIR filter with de-emphasis controls
Continuous time linear equalizer (CTLE)
Decision feedback equalization (DFE)
Feed forward equalization (FFE)
pin pair, and analog supply pins. There is no channel primitive.
The GTM transceiver supports NRZ and PAM4
modulaon as well as the following protocols:
• 100GE CAUI2
• 100GE CAUI4
• 200GE CCAUI4
• 400GE (CDAUI8)
• 50GE LAUI
• 50GE LAUI2
• Ethernet AN/LT (auto negoaon/link training)
• OTU4
• Interlaken at 53.125 Gb/s, 25.78125 Gb/s, and 12.5 Gb/s
• CPRI at 48 Gb/s, 24 Gb/s, 12 Gb/s, and 10.1 Gb/s
The rst-me user is recommended to read High-Speed Serial I/O Made Simple, which discusses high-speed serial transceiver technology and its applicaons. The Xilinx Vivado® IP catalog includes an UltraScale+ FPGAs GTM Transceivers Wizard to automacally congure GTM transceivers to support conguraons for dierent protocols and perform custom conguraons. The GTM transceiver oers a data rate range and features that allow physical layer support for various protocols. The following gure illustrates the clustering of one GTM_DUAL primive.
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IBUFDS_GTM /
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OBUFDS_GTM
REFCLK
Distribution
Chapter 1: Transceiver and Tool Overview
Figure 1: GTM Dual Configuration
GTM_DUAL
GTM Channel 0 (CH0)
TX
RX
LCPLL
GTM Channel 1 (CH1)
TX
RX
X20210-061418
The GTM_DUAL primive contains one LCPLL and two GTM channels. Contrary to other UltraScale+ device transceivers such as the GTH and GTY transceivers, the GTM transceiver does not contain channel/common primives. All channel ports and aributes are within the GTM_DUAL primive. The following gure illustrates the topology of a GTM channel.
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Driver
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TX
TX
Pre/
Pre2/
Post Emp
PISO
Pre-Coder
Chapter 1: Transceiver and Tool Overview
Figure 2: GTM Channel Topology
Pattern
Generator
Gray
Encoder
Polarity
FIFO
FEC
TX
Interface
RX PMA
TX PCS
To RX Parallel Data (Near-End PCS Loopback)
Pre-
Coder
RX PCS
Gray
Decoder
Polarity
PRBS
Checker
FIFO
FEC
RX EQ SIPOADC
DFE/
FFE
TX PMA

UltraScale+ FPGAs GTM Transceivers Wizard

From RX Parallel Data (Far-End PCS Loopback)
RX
Interface
X20211-052918
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The UltraScale+ FPGAs GTM Transceivers Wizard (hereinaer called the Wizard) is the preferred tool to generate a wrapper to instanate the GTM_DUAL. The Wizard is located in the IP catalog under the IO Interfaces category.
RECOMMENDED
: Download the most recent IP update before using the Wizard. Details on how to use this Wizard can be found in the UltraScale+ FPGAs GTM Transceivers Wizard LogiCORE IP Product Guide (PG315).
Chapter 1: Transceiver and Tool Overview
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Simulation

The simulaon environment and the test bench must fulll specic prerequisites before running simulaon using the GTM_DUAL primives. For instrucons on how to set up the simulaon
environment for supported simulators depending on the used hardware descripon language (HDL), see the latest version of the UltraScale+ GTM Transceivers Wizard LogiCORE IP Product Guide (PG315) and Vivado Design Suite User Guide: Logic Simulaon (UG900).
The prerequisites for simulang a design with the GTM_DUAL primives are listed:
• A simulator with support for SecureIP models: SecureIP is an IP encrypon methodology.
SecureIP models are encrypted versions of the Verilog HDL used for implementaon of the modeled block. To support SecureIP models, a simulator that complies with the encrypon standards described in the Verilog language reference manual (LRM)—IEEE Standard for Verilog Hardware Descripon Language (IEEE Std 1364-2005) is required.
• A mixed-language simulator for VHDL simulaon: SecureIP models use a Verilog standard. To
use them in a VHDL design, a mixed-language simulator is required. The simulator must be able to simulate VHDL and Verilog simultaneously.
• An installed GTM transceiver SecureIP model
• The correct setup of the simulator for SecureIP use (inializaon le, environment variables).
• The correct simulator resoluon (Verilog).

Ports and Attributes

There are no simulaon-only ports on the GTM_DUAL primives. The GTM_DUAL primive has aributes intended only for simulaon. The following table lists the simulaon-only aributes of the GTM_DUAL primive. The names of these aributes start with SIM_.
Table 2: GTM_DUAL Simulation-Only Attributes
Attribute Type Description
SIM_RESET_SPEEDUP String If the SIM_RESET_SPEEDUP attribute is set to TRUE (default), an
SIM_DEVICE
String This attribute selects the simulation version to match different
approximated reset sequence is used to speed up the reset time for simulations, where faster reset times and faster simulation times are desirable. If the SIM_RESET_SPEEDUP attribute is set to FALSE, the model emulates hardware reset behavior in detail.
versions of silicon. The default for this attribute is ULTRASCALE_PLUS.
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Chapter 1: Transceiver and Tool Overview
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Implementation

It is a common pracce to dene the locaon of GTM transceiver Duals early in the design process to ensure correct usage of clock resources and to facilitate signal integrity analysis during board design. The implementaon ow facilitates this pracce through the use of locaon constraints in the XDC le.
The posion of each GTM transceiver Dual primive is specied by an XY coordinate system that describes the column number and the relave posion within that column. For a given device/ package combinaon, the transceiver with the coordinates X0Y0 is located at the lowest posion of the lowest available bank.
There are two ways to create an XDC le for designs that ulize the GTM transceivers. The preferred method is to use the UltraScale+ FPGAs GTM Transceivers Wizard. The Wizard automacally generates XDC le templates that congure the transceivers and contain placeholders for GTM transceiver placement informaon. The XDC les generated by the Wizard can then be edited to customize operang parameters and placement informaon for the
applicaon.
The second approach is to create the XDC le manually. When using this approach, you must enter both conguraon aributes that control transceiver operaon as well as the locaon parameters. Care must be taken to ensure that all of the parameters needed to congure the GTM transceiver are correctly entered. A GTM_DUAL primive must be instanated as shown in the following gure.
Figure 3: One-Dual, Two-Channel Configuration (Reference Clock from the LCPLL)
GTM_DUAL
GTM Channel 0 (CH0)
TX
IBUFDS_GTM
LCPLL
GTM Channel 1 (CH1)
RX
TX
RX
X20212-061418
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Each dual contains an LCPLL. Therefore, a reference clock can be connected directly to a GTM_DUAL primive.
Shared Features
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Reference Clock Input/Output Structure

The reference clock structure in the GTM transceiver supports two modes of operaon: input mode and output mode. In the input mode of operaon, your design provides a clock on the dedicated reference clock I/O pins that are used to drive the LCPLL. In the output mode of operaon, the recovered clocks (RXRECCLK0 and RXRECCLK1) from any of the two channels within the same Dual can be routed to the dedicated reference clock I/O pins. This output clock can then be used as the reference clock input at a dierent locaon. The mode of operaon cannot be changed during run me.
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Chapter 2

Input Mode

The reference clock input mode structure is illustrated in the following gure. The input is terminated internally with 50Ω on each leg to MGTAVCC. The reference clock is instanated in soware with the IBUFDS_GTM soware primive. The ports and aributes controlling the reference clock input are ed to the IBUFDS_GTM soware primive.
Figure 4: Reference Clock Input Structure
MGTAVCC
GTREFCLKP
GTREFCLKN
CEB
I
IB
Nominal
50Ω
Nominal
50Ω
+
-
IBUFDS_GTM
MGTAVCC
/2
1'b0
Reserved
To GTREFCLK or GTM_DUAL
2'b00
2'b01
2'b10
2'b11
To HROW
O
ODIV2
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REFCLK_HROW_CK_SEL
X20917-061418
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Ports and Attributes
The following table denes the reference clock input ports in the IBUFDS_GTM soware primive.
Table 3: Reference Clock Input Ports (IBUFDS_GTM)
Port Dir Clock Domain Description
CEB In N/A This is the active-Low asynchronous clock enable signal for the clock buffer.
I In (pad) N/A These are the reference clock input ports that get mapped to GTREFCLKP.
IB In (pad) N/A These are the reference clock input ports that get mapped to GTREFCLKN.
O Out N/A This output drives the GTREFCLK signal in the GTM_DUAL software primitive.
ODIV2 Out N/A This output can be configured to output either the O signal or a divide-by-2
Setting this signal High powers down the clock buffer.
Refer to Reference Clock Selection and Distribution for more details.
version of the O signal. It can drive the BUFG_GT via the HROW routing. Refer to Reference Clock Selection and Distribution for more details.
The following table denes the aributes in the IBUFDS_GTM soware primive that congure the reference clock input.
Table 4: Reference Clock Input Attributes (IBUFDS_GTM)
Attribute Type Description
REFCLK_EN_TX_PATH 1-bit Reserved. This attribute must always be set to 1'b0.
REFCLK_HROW_CK_SEL 2-bit Configures the ODIV2 output port:
2'b00: ODIV2 = O. 2'b01: ODIV2 = Divide-by-2 version of O. 2'b10: ODIV2 = 1'b0. 2'b11: ODIV2 = Reserved.
REFCLK_ICNTL_RX
2-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.

Output Mode

The reference clock output mode can be accessed via the OBUFDS_GTM soware primive. The reference clock output mode structure for the OBUFDS_GTM primive is shown in the following gure. The ports and aributes controlling the reference clock output are ed to the OBUFDS_GTM soware primive.
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Figure 5: Reference Clock Output Use Model for OBUFDS_GTM
MGTAVCC
GTREFCLKP
GTREFCLKN
O
OB
OBUFDS_GTM
From RXRECCLK0/1 of GTM_DUAL
I
CEB
X20877-061418
Ports and Attributes
The following table denes the ports in the OBUFDS_GTM soware primive.
Table 5: Reference Clock Output Ports (OBUFDS_GTM)
Port Dir Clock Domain Description
CEB In N/A This is the active-Low asynchronous clock enable signal for the clock buffer.
I In (pad) N/A Recovered clock input. Connect to the output port RXRECCLK0/1 of the
O In (pad) N/A Reference clock output port that gets mapped to GTREFCLKP.
OB Out N/A Reference clock output port that gets mapped to GTREFCLKN.
Setting this signal High powers down the clock buffer.
GTM_DUAL primitive.
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The following table denes the aributes in the OBUFDS_GTM soware primive that congure the reference clock output.
Table 6: Reference Clock Output Attributes (OBUFDS_GTM)
Attribute Type Description
REFCLK_EN_TX_PATH 1-bit Reserved. This attribute must always be set to 1’b1.
REFCLK_ICNTL_TX 5-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.

Reference Clock Selection and Distribution

The GTM transceivers in Virtex UltraScale+ FPGAs provide dierent reference clock input opons. Clock selecon and availability is similar to the GTY transceivers in UltraScale+ devices,
but the reference clock selecon architecture supports only one LCPLL shared per Dual (two GTM transceiver channels).
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From an architecture perspecve, a Dual contains a grouping of two GTM channels inside one GTM_DUAL primive, one dedicated external reference clock pin pair, and dedicated reference clock roung. The reference clock for a GTM_DUAL primive must also be instanated. For duals operang at line rates lower than 16.3725 Gb/s (NRZ) and 32.7 Gb/s (PAM4), the reference clock for a Dual can also be sourced from the Dual above via GTNORTHREFCLK or from the Dual below via GTSOUTHREFCLK. For devices that support stacked silicon interconnect (SSI) technology, the reference clock sharing via the GTNORTHREFCLK and GTSOUTHREFCLK ports is limited within its own super logic region (SLR). Duals operang at line rates above
16.3725 Gb/s (NRZ) and 32.7 Gb/s (PAM4) should not source a reference clock from another Dual.
See the UltraScale device data sheets (see hp://www.xilinx.com/documentaon) for more informaon about SSI technology.
Reference clock features include:
• Clock roung for northbound and southbound clocks.
• Flexible clock inputs available for the LCPLL.
Stac or dynamic selecon of the reference clock for the LCPLL.
The Dual architecture has two GTM transceivers, one dedicated reference clock pin pair, and dedicated north and south reference clock roung. Each GTM dual has three clock pair inputs available:
• One local reference clock pin pair, GTREFCLK.
• One reference clock pin pair for the Dual above, GTSOUTHREFCLK.
• One reference clock pin pair from the Dual below, GTNORTHREFCLK.
The gure below shows the detailed view of a reference clock mulplexer structure within a single GTM_DUAL primive. The PLLREFCLKSEL port is required when mulple reference clock sources are connected to this mulplexer. A single reference clock is most commonly used. In the case of a single reference clock, connect the reference clock to the GTREFCLK ports and e the PLLREFCLKSEL ports to 3’b001. The Xilinx soware tools handle the complexity of the mulplexers and associated roung.
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Chapter 2: Shared Features
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Figure 6: LCPLL Reference Clock Selection Multiplexer
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
GTM_DUAL
LCPLL
LCPLL Output CLK
X20897-061418
PLLREFCLKSEL
GTREFCLK
GTNORTHREFCLK
GTSOUTHREFCLK
GTGREFCLK2PLL

Single External Reference Clock Use Model

Each Dual has one set of dedicated dierenal reference clock input pins (MGTREFCLK[P/N]) that can be connected to the external clock sources. In a single external reference clock use model, an IBUFDS_GTM must be instanated to use the dedicated dierenal reference clock source. The following gure shows a single external reference clock connected to the LCPLL inside the Dual. The user design connects the IBUFDS_GTM output (O) to the GTREFCLK ports of GTM_DUAL.
Figure 7: Single External Reference Clock in a Dual
IBUFDS_GTM
GTM_DUAL
MGTREFCLKP
MGTREFCLKN
I
O
IB
GTREFCLK
X20898-061418
Note: The IBUFDS_GTM diagram in the above gure is a simplicaon. The output port ODIV2 is le oang, and the input port CEB is set to logic 0.
The following gure shows a single external reference clock with mulple Duals connected. The user design connects the IBUFDS_GTM output (O) to the GTREFCLK ports of the GTM_DUAL primives. In this case, the Xilinx implementaon tools make the necessary adjustments to the north/south roung as well as the pin swapping necessary to route the reference clock from one Dual to another when required.
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Chapter 2: Shared Features
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Figure 8: Single External Reference Clock with Multiple Duals
D(n+1)
GTM_DUAL
GTREFCLK
D(n)
GTM_DUAL
GTREFCLK
D(n-1)
GTM_DUAL
GTREFCLK
X20215-061418
MGTREFCLKP
MGTREFCLKN
IBUFDS_GTM
I
O
IB
Note: The IBUFDS_GTM diagram in the above gure is a simplicaon. The output port ODIV2 is le oang, and the input port CEB is set to logic 0.
These rules must be observed when sharing a reference clock to ensure that jier margins for high-speed designs are met:
• The number of Duals above the sourcing Dual must not exceed one.
• The number of Duals below the sourcing Dual must not exceed one.
• The total number of Duals sourced by an external clock pin pair (MGTREFCLKP/
MGTREFCLKN) must not exceed three Duals.
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The maximum number of Duals that can be sourced by a single clock pin pair is three (six transceivers). Designs with more than three Duals require the use of mulple external clock pins to ensure that the rules for controlling jier are followed. When mulple clock pins are used, an external buer can be used to drive them from the same oscillator.
IMPORTANT
! Upon device conguraon, the clock output from the IBUFDS_GTM which takes inputs from MGTREFCLKP and MGTREFCLKN can only be used as long as the GTPOWERGOOD signal has already asserted High.
Ports and Attributes
The following table denes the clocking ports and aributes for the GTM_DUAL primive.
Table 7: GTM_DUAL Clocking Ports
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Chapter 2: Shared Features
Port
PLLREFCLKSEL[2:0] In Async Input to dynamically select the input reference clock to the
GTGREFCLK2PLL In Clock Reference clock generated by the internal interconnect logic.
GTREFCLK In Clock External clock driven by IBUFDS_GTM for the LCPLL.
GTNORTHREFCLK In Clock Northbound clock from the Dual below.
GTSOUTHREFCLK In Clock Southbound clock from the Dual above.
PLLREFCLKLOST Out Async A High on this signal indicates that the reference clock to the
PLLREFCLKMONITOR Out Clock LCPLL reference clock selection multiplexer output.
Direct
ion
Clock
Domain
Description
LCPLL. Set this input to 3’b001 and connect to GTREFCLK when only one clock source is connected to the PLL reference clock selection multiplexer:
3’b000: Reserved. 3’b001: GTREFCLK selected. 3’b010: Reserved. 3’b011: GTNORTHREFCLK selected. 3’b100: Reserved. 3’b101: GTSOUTHREFCLK. 3’b110: Reserved. 3’b111: GTGREFCLK2PLL.
This input is reserved for internal testing purposes only.
phase frequency detector of the LCPLL is lost.

LCPLL

Each Dual contains one LC-based PLL, referred to as LCPLL, and cannot be shared with neighboring Duals. The internal clocking architecture of the GTM Dual is shown in the following
gure.
UG581 (v1.0) January 4, 2019 www.xilinx.com Virtex UltraScale+ GTM Transceivers 18
REFCLK Distribution
Send Feedback
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Figure 9: Internal Dual Clocking Architecture
GTM_DUAL
GTM Channel 0 (CH0)
TX PMA
TX PCS
RX PMA
RX PCS
LCPLL
GTM Channel 1 (CH1)
TX PMA
TX PCS
RX PMA
RX PCS
X20900-061418
The LCPLL input clock selecon is described in Reference Clock Selecon and Distribuon. The LCPLL outputs feed the TX and RX clock divider blocks, which control the generaon of serial and parallel clocks used by the PMA and PCS blocks. The LCPLL is shared between the TX and RX datapaths.
The gure below illustrates a conceptual view of the LCPLL architecture. The input clock can be divided by a factor of M before it is fed into the phase frequency detector. The feedback divider N determines the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) mulplicaon rao. For line rates below
28.1 Gb/s (NRZ) and 56.2 Gb/s (PAM4), a fraconal-N divider is supported where the eecve rao is a combinaon of the N factor plus a fraconal part. The LCPLL output frequency depends on the sengs of LCPLLCLKOUT_RATE. When LCPLLCLKOUT_RATE is set to HALF, the output frequency is half of the VCO frequency. When it is set to FULL, the output frequency is the same as the VCO frequency. A lock indicator block compares the frequencies of the reference clock and VCO feedback clock to determine if a frequency lock has been achieved.
UG581 (v1.0) January 4, 2019 www.xilinx.com Virtex UltraScale+ GTM Transceivers 19
PLL
f
PLLClkout
= f
PLLClkin
*
N + FractionalDivider
M*LCPLLCLKOUT _ RATE
f
LineRate
= f
PLLClkout
*Modulation
FractionalDivider = N
SDM
+ 0. < FractionalPart >
FractionalPart
=
SDMDAT A
2
SDMW IDTH
Send Feedback
CLKIN
/M
Figure 10: Internal Dual Clocking Architecture
Lock
Indicator
Phase
Frequency
Detector
Charge
Pump
Loop Filter
VCO
/2
Chapter 2: Shared Features
PLL
LOCKED
PLL
CLKOUT
/N-Fractional
LCPLLCLKOUT_RATE
The LCPLL VCO operates within 9.8 GHz—14.5 GHz. The Xilinx soware tool chooses the appropriate LCPLL seng based on applicaon requirements. Equaon 2-1 shows how to determine the PLL output frequency (GHz).
Equaon 2-2 shows how to determine the line rate (Gb/s).
Equaon 2-3 and Equaon 2-4 show how to determine the fraconal divider presented in Equaon 2-1.
X20901-052418
The table below lists the allowable values.
Table 8: LCPLL Divider Settings
M LCPLL_REFCLK_DIV 1, 2, 3, 4
N PLLFBDIV[7:0] 16–160 (Integer only)
LCPLLCLKOUT_RATE LCPLLCLKOUT_RATE 1'b1: 1 (Full), 1'b0: 2 (Half)
Modulation See TX Configurable Driver 2 (NRZ), 4 (PAM4)
N
SDM
SDMDATA SDMDATA[SDMWIDTH – 1:0] Fractional part of fractional divider.
SDMWIDTH SDM_WIDTHSEL 16, 20, 24
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Factor Attribute or Port Valid Settings
SDMDATA[SDMWIDTH + 1:SDMWIDTH] Integer part of fractional divider. (Two’s
complement) –2, –1, 0, 1
0 – (224 – 1)

Ports and Attributes

Send Feedback
The following tables dene the LCPLL ports and aributes, respecvely.
Table 9: LCPLL Ports
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Port Direction
GTGREFCLK2PLL In Clock Reference clock generated by the internal interconnect
PLLFBCLKLOST Out PLLMONCLK A High on this signal indicates the feedback clock from the
PLLFBDIV[7:0] In Async PLL feedback divider selection. Actual feedback divider value
PLLLOCK Out Async This active-High LCPLL frequency lock signal indicates that
PLLMONCLK In Clock Stable reference clock for the detection of the feedback and
PLLPD
PLLREFCLKLOST Out PLLMONCLK A High on this signal indicates the reference clock to the
PLLREFCLKMONITOR Out Clock PLL reference clock selection multiplexer output.
PLLRESET In Async This port is driven High and then deasserted to start the
PLLRESETBYPASSMODE In Async Reserved. Tied Low.
PLLRESETDONE Out cfg_mclk Status signal that indicates when the PLL reset sequence is
PLLRESETMASK[1:0] In Async Bit 0 enables bit mask for PLL reset. Bit 1 enables bit mask
PLLRSVDIN[15:0] In Reserved Reserved. This port must be set to 0x0000.
PLLRSVDOUT Out Async Reserved.
BGBYPASSB In Async Reserved. This port must be set to 1’b1. Do not modify this
BGMONITORENB In Async Reserved. This port must be set to 1’b1. Do not modify this
BGPDB In Async Reserved. This port must be set to 1’b1. Do not modify this
BGRCALOVRD[4:0] In Async Reserved. This port must be set to 5’b11111. Do not modify
BGRCALOVRDENB In Async Reserved. This port must be set to 1’b1. Do not modify this
In Async An active-High signal powers down the LCPLL.
Clock
Domain
Description
logic. This input is reserved for internal testing purposes.
LCPLL feedback divider to the phase frequency detector of the LCPLL is lost
is PLLFBDIV + 2. Valid values are from 14–158. (Actual divider values are 160–160.)
the LCPLL frequency is within a predetermined tolerance. The transceiver and its clock outputs are not reliable until this condition is met.
reference clock signals to the LCPLL. The input reference clock to the LCPLL or any output clock generated from the LCPLL must not be used to drive this clock. This clock is required only when using the PLLFBCLKLOST and PLLREFCLKLOST ports. It does not affect the LCPLL lock detection, reset, and power-down functions.
phase frequency detector of the LCPLL is lost.
LCPLL reset.
complete.
for PLL SDM reset.
value.
value.
value.
this value.
value.
UG581 (v1.0) January 4, 2019 www.xilinx.com Virtex UltraScale+ GTM Transceivers 21
Table 9: LCPLL Ports (cont'd)
Send Feedback
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Port Direction
RCALEN In Async Reserved. This port must be set to 1’b1. Do not modify this
SDMDATA[25:0] In Async Input to set the Fractional Divider. Bits [SDMWIDTH +
SDMTOGGLE In Async Reserved. Set to 1’b0.
Clock
Domain
Description
value.
1:SDMWIDTH] are the integer part of the divider in two’s complement. Bits [SDMWIDTH – 1:SDMWIDTH] set the fractional part of the divider.
Table 10: LCPLL Attributes
Attributes Type Description
BIAS_CFG0 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
BIAS_CFG1 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
BIAS_CFG2 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
BIAS_CFG3 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
BIAS_CFG4 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
A_CFG 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
CRS_CTRL_CFG0 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
CRS_CTRL_CFG1 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
DRPEN_CFG 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
PLL_CFG0 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
Bit Name Address Description
LCPLLCLKOUT_RATE [8] Sets the LCPLLCLKOUT_RATE factor either to provide full
LCPLL VCO frequency, or half of LCPLL VCO frequency at the output:
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1'b0: Half rate. 1'b1: Full rate.
PLL_CFG1
Bit Name Address Description
LCPLL_REFCLK_DIV [4:0] LCPLL reference clock divider M settings.
PLL_CFG2
PLL_CFG3 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
PLL_CFG4 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
PLL_CFG5 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
PLL_CFG6 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
5'b00000: Div by 2. 5'b00001: Div by 3. 5'b00010: Div by 4. 5'b10010: Div by 1.
Other values are not valid.
16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Send Feedback
Table 10: LCPLL Attributes (cont'd)
Attributes Type Description
SDM_CFG0[15:0] 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
Bit Name Address Description
SDM_WIDTHSEL [10:9] This attribute sets the denominator of the fractional part of
the feedback divider:
2'b00: 24 bits. 2'b01: 20 bits. 2'b10: 16 bits. 2'b11: Reserved.
SDM_CFG1
SDM_CFG2 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
SDM_SEED_CFG0 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
SDM_SEED_CFG1 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
A_SDM_DATA_CFG0 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
A_SDM_DATA_CFG1 16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
16-bit Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.

Reset and Initialization

The GTM transceiver must be inialized aer device power-up and conguraon before it can be used. The GTM transmier (TX) and receiver (RX) can be inialized independently and in parallel as shown in the following gure. The GTM transceiver TX and RX inializaon comprises three steps:
1. Inializing the associated PLL driving TX/RX
2. Inializing the TX and RX datapaths (PMA + PCS)
The TX and RX in the GTM transceiver receive the clock through the LCPLL in the transceiver's own Dual. In the power-on inializaon sequence, the LCPLL used by the TX and RX must be inialized rst. The LCPLL used by the TX and RX is reset individually and its reset operaon independent from TX and RX resets. The TX and RX datapaths must be inialized only aer the associated LCPLL is locked.
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Chapter 2: Shared Features
Send Feedback
Figure 11: GTM Transceiver Initialization Overview
After Configuration
LCPLL Reset
TX Initialization by
GTTXRESET
RX Initialization by
GTRXRESET
RXRESETDONETXRESETDONE
X20903-052818
The GTM transceiver TX and RX use a state machine to control the inializaon process. They are paroned into a few reset regions. The paron allows the reset state machine to control the reset process in a sequence that the PMA can be reset rst and the PCS can be reset aer the asseron of the TXUSERRDY or RXUSERRDY. It also allows the PMA, the PCS, and funconal blocks inside them to be reset individually when needed during normal operaon.
The GTM transceiver oers two types of reset: inializaon and component.
Inializaon Reset: This reset is used for complete GTM transceiver inializaon. It must be
used aer device power-up and conguraon. During normal operaon, when necessary, GTTXRESET and GTRXRESET can also be used to reinialize the GTM transceiver TX and RX. GTTXRESET is the inializaon reset port for the GTM transceiver TX. GTRXRESET is the inializaon reset port for the GTM transceiver RX. During inializaon reset, TXRESETMODE and RXRESETMODE should be set to sequenal mode. All TX PMA, TX PCS, RX PMA, and RX PCS component resets should be enabled by seng all required component bits of TXPMARESETMASK, TXPCSRESETMASK, RXPMARESETMASK, and RXPCSRESETMASK to High.
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• Component Reset: This reset is used for special cases and specic subsecon resets while the
GTM transceiver is in normal operaon. The component that is required to be reset is selected by seng the associated bit within TXPMARESETMASK, TXPCSRESETMASK, RXPMARESETMASK, or RXPCSRESETMASK to High. A TX component reset is triggered by toggling the GTTXRESET port. An RX component reset is triggered by toggling the GTRXRESET port. Separate component reset ports are available. For the TX, these are TXCKALRESET, TXFECRESET, TXPCSRESET, and TXPMARESET. For the RX, these are RXADAPTRESET, RXADCCLKGENRESET, RXBUFRESET, RXCDRFRRESET, RXCDRPHRESET, RXDFERESET, RXDSPRESET, RXEYESCANRESET, RXFECRESET, RXPCSRESET, RXPMARESET, and RXPRBSCSCNTRST.
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Send Feedback
All reset ports described in this secon iniate the internal reset state machine when driven High. The internal reset state machines are held in the reset state unl these same reset ports are driven Low. These resets are all asynchronous. The guideline for the pulse width of these asynchronous resets is one period of the reference clock, unless otherwise noted.
Note: Do not use reset ports for the purpose of power down. For details on proper power-down usage, refer to Power Down.

Resetting Multiple Lanes and Quads

Reseng mulple lanes in a Dual or mulple Duals aects the power supply regulaon circuit.

Reset Modes

The GTM transceiver TX and RX resets can operate in two dierent modes: sequenal mode and single mode.
Sequenal mode: The reset state machine starts with an inializaon or component reset
input driven High and proceeds through all states aer the requested reset states in the reset state machine, as shown in Figure 13 for the GTM transceiver TX or Figure 18 for the GTM transceiver RX unl compleon. The compleon of sequenal mode reset ow is signaled when (TX/RX)RESETDONE transions from Low to High.
• Single mode: The reset state machine only executes the requested component reset
independently for a predetermined me set by its aribute. It does not process any state aer the requested state, as shown in Figure 13 for the GTM transceiver TX or Figure 18 for the GTM transceiver RX. The requested reset can be any component reset to reset the PMA, the PCS, or funconal blocks inside them. The compleon of a single mode reset is signaled when (TX/RX)RESETDONE transions from Low to High.
The GTM transceiver inializaon reset must use sequenal mode. All component resets can be operated in either sequenal mode or single mode. The GTM transceiver uses (TX/ RX)RESETMODE to select between sequenal reset mode and single reset mode. The following table provides conguraon details that apply to both the GTM transceiver TX and GTM transceiver RX. Reset modes have no impact on LCPLL reset. During normal operaon, the GTM transceiver TX or GTM transceiver RX can be reset by applicaons in either sequenal mode or single mode (GTM transceiver RX only), which provides exibility to reset a poron of the GTM transceiver. When using either sequenal mode or single mode, (TX/RX)RESETMODE must be set to the desired value of 50 ns before the asserons of any reset.
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Table 11:
GTM Transceiver Reset Modes Operation
Operation Mode (TX/RX)RESETMODE
Sequential Mode
Single Mode
2'b00
2'b11
Table 12: GTM Transceiver Reset Modes Ports
Send Feedback
Port Direction Clock Domain Description
CH[0/1]_RXRESETMODE[1:0] In Async Reset mode port for RX.
2'b00: Sequential mode (recommended).
2'b01: Reserved. 2'b10: Reserved. 2'b11: Single mode.
Chapter 2: Shared Features
CH[0/1]_TXRESETMODE[1:0]
In Async Reset mode port for TX.
2'b00: Sequential mode (recommended).
2'b01: Reserved. 2'b10: Reserved. 2'b11: Single mode.

LCPLL Reset

The LCPLL must be reset before it can be used. Each GTM transceiver dual has dedicated reset ports for its LCPLL. As shown in the gure, PLLRESET is an input that resets LCPLL. PLLLOCK is an output that indicates the reset process is done. The guideline for this asynchronous PLLRESET pulse width is one period of the reference clock. Aer a PLLRESET pulse, the internal reset controller generates an internal LCPLL reset followed by an internal SDM reset. The me required for LCPLL to lock is aected by a few factors, such as bandwidth seng and clock frequency.
Figure 12: LCPLL Reset Timing Diagram
UG581 (v1.0) January 4, 2019 www.xilinx.com Virtex UltraScale+ GTM Transceivers 26
Table 13: LCPLL Reset Ports
Port Dir
PLLRESET In Async Active-High signal that resets the LCPLL.
PLLRESETMASK[1:0] In Async Reserved. Tied to 2’b11.
PLLRESETBYPASSMODE In Async Reserved. Tied Low.
PLLLOCK Out Async Active-High LCPLL frequency lock signal indicates that the
Clock
Domain
Description
LCPLL frequency is within a predetermined tolerance. The GTM transceiver and its clock outputs are not reliable until this condition is met.
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Send Feedback

TX Initialization and Reset

The GTM transceiver TX uses a reset state machine to control the reset process. The GTM transceiver TX is paroned into two reset regions, TX PMA and TX PCS. The paron allows TX inializaon and reset to be operated only in sequenal mode, as shown in the gure below.
The inializing TX must use GTTXRESET in sequenal mode. Acvang the GTTXRESET input can automacally trigger a full asynchronous TX reset. The reset state machine executes the reset sequence, as shown in the gure below, covering the whole TX PMA and TX PCS. During normal operaon, when needed, sequenal mode allows you to reset the TX from acvang TXPMARESET and connue the reset state machine unl TXRESETDONE transions from Low to High.
The TX reset state machine does not reset the PCS unl TXUSERRDY is detected High. Drive TXUSERRDY High aer all clocks used by the applicaon including TXUSRCLK are shown as stable.
Figure 13: GTM Transceiver TX Reset State Machine Sequence
GTTXRESET
High
Wait until
GTTXRESET from
High to Low
TXPMARESETMASK[0]
= 1?
No
TXPMARESETMASK[1]
= 1?
No
Wait for TXUSERRDY
= 1
Yes
Yes
TX CKCAL Reset
TX PMA Top Reset
TXPCSRESETMASK[0]
= 1?
No
TXPCSRESETMASK[1]
= 1?
No
TXRESETDONE High
Yes
Yes
TX FEC Reset
TX PCS Top Reset
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X20905-060518
Ports and Attributes
Send Feedback
The table below lists ports required by the TX inializaon process.
Table 14: TX Initialization and Reset Ports
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Port Dir
CH[0/1]_GTTXRESET In Async This port is driven High and then deasserted to start a TX reset
CH[0/1]_TXRESETMODE[1:0]
CH[0/1]_TXPMARESETMASK[1:0]
CH[0/1]_TXPCSRESETMASK[1:0] In Async TX PCS reset mask selection
CH[0/1]_TXUSERRDY In Async This port is driven High by the user application when TXUSRCLK
CH[0/1]_TXPMARESETDONE Out Async This active-High signal indicates TX PMA reset is complete.
CH[0/1]_TXRESETDONE Out TXUSRCLK This active-High signal indicates the GTM transceiver TX has
CH[0/1]_ TXCKALRESET In Async This port is driven High and then deasserted to start a single
CH[0/1]_ TXPMARESET In Async This port is driven High and then deasserted to start a single
CH[0/1]_ TXFECRESET In Async This port is driven High and then deasserted to start a single
CH[0/1]_ TXPCSRESET In Async This port is driven High and then deasserted to start a single
In Async Reset mode port for TX:
In Async TX PMA reset mask selection:
Clock
Domain
Description
sequence. The components to be reset are determined by TXPMARESETMASK and TXPCSRESETMASK. In sequential mode, the resets are performed sequentially. In single mode, the resets are performed simultaneously.
2’b00: Sequential mode (recommended). 2’b01: Reserved. 2’b10: Reserved. 2’b11: Single mode.
Bit 1: TX PMA. Bit 0: CKCAL.
Bit 1: TX PCS. Bit 0: TX FEC.
is stable.
finished reset and is ready for use. This port is driven Low when GTTXRESET goes High and is not driven High until the GTM transceiver has completed all TX reset steps.
mode reset on TX CKCAL. The reset is not dependent on TXRESETMODE or TXPMARESETMASK setting.
mode reset on TX PMA. The reset is not dependent on TXRESETMODE or TXPMARESETMASK setting.
mode reset on TX FEC. The reset is not dependent on TXRESETMODE or TXPCSRESETMASK setting.
mode reset on TX PCS. The reset is not dependent on TXRESETMODE or TXPCSRESETMASK setting.
UG581 (v1.0) January 4, 2019 www.xilinx.com Virtex UltraScale+ GTM Transceivers 28
Chapter 2: Shared Features
Send Feedback
The following table lists aributes required by GTM transceiver TX inializaon. In general cases, the reset me required by the TX PMA or the TX PCS varies depending on line rate. The factors aecng PMA reset me and PCS reset me are the user-congurable aributes TX_PMA_RESET_TIME, TX_PCS_RESET_TIME, TX_CKCAL_RESET_TIME, and TX_FEC_RESET_TIME.
Table 15: TX Initialization and Reset Attributes
Attribute Type Description
CH[0/1]_RST_TIME_CFG0 16-bit Reserved.
Bit Name Address Description
TX_PCS_RESET_TIME [14:10] Represents the time duration to apply a TX PCS reset. Use
TX_PMA_RESET_TIME [9:5] Represents the time duration to apply a TX PMA reset. Use
TX_CKCAL_RESET_TIME [4:0] Represents the time duration to apply a TX CLKGEN reset.
CH[0/1]_RST_TIME_CFG1 16-bit Reserved.
Bit Name Address Description
TX_FEC_RESET_TIME [4:0] Represents the time duration to apply a TX CKCAL reset.
CH[0/1]_RST_LP_CFG0 16-bit Reserved.
Bit Name Address Description
TX_PCS_RESET_LOOP_ID [11:8] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
TX_PMA_RESET_LOOP_ID [7:4] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
TX_CKCAL_RESET_LOOP_ID [3:0] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
TX_FEC_RESET_LOOP_ID [15:12] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
CH[0/1]_RST_LP_ID_CFG1 16-bit Reserved.
Bit Name Address Description
TX_PCS_LOOPER_END_ID [15:12] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
TX_PCS_LOOPER_START_ID [11:8] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
TX_PMA_LOOPER_END_ID [7:4] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
TX_PMA_LOOPER_START_ID [3:0] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
CH[0/1]_RST_LP_CFG4 1-bit Reserved.
Bit Name Address Description
BYP_HDSHK_TX_PCS_RESET_LOOP [3] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
BYP_HDSHK_TX_CKCAL_RESET_LOOP [0] Reserved. Use the recommended value from the Wizard.
the recommended value from the Wizard. Must be a non­zero value when TXPCSRESETMASK[1] is High and GTTXRESET initiates the reset process.
the recommended value from the Wizard. Must be a non­zero value when TXPMARESETMASK[1] is High and GTTXRESET initiates the reset process.
Use the recommended value from the Wizard. Must be a non-zero value when TXPMARESETMASK[0] is High and GTTXRESET initiates the reset process.
Use the recommended value from the Wizard. Must be a non-zero value when TXPMARESETMASK[0] is High and GTTXRESET initiates the reset process.
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Chapter 2: Shared Features
Send Feedback

GTM Transceiver TX Reset in Response to Completion of Configuration

The TX reset sequence shown in TX Inializaon and Reset is not automacally started to follow global GSR. It must meet these condions:
1. TXRESETMODE must be set to sequenal mode.
2. GTTXRESET must be used.
3. All TXPMARESETMASK and TXPCSRESETMASK bits should be set to High.
4. GTTXRESET cannot be driven Low unl the associated PLL is locked.
5. Ensure that GTPOWERGOOD is High before releasing PLLRESET and GTTXRESET.
If the reset mode is defaulted to single mode, then you must:
1. Wait another 300–500 ns.
2. Assert PLLRESET and GTTXRESET following the reset sequence described in the following
gure.
RECOMMENDED: Use the associated PLLLOCK from the PLL to release GTTXRESET from High to Low as shown in the gure. The TX reset state machine waits when GTTXRESET is detected High and starts the reset sequence unl GTTXRESET is released Low.
Figure 14: GTM Transmitter Initialization after Configuration

GTM Transceiver TX Reset in Response to GTTXRESET Pulse in Full Sequential Reset

The GTM transceiver allows you to reset the enre TX completely at any me by sending GTTXRESET an acve-High pulse. These condions must be met when using GTTXRESET:
UG581 (v1.0) January 4, 2019 www.xilinx.com Virtex UltraScale+ GTM Transceivers 30
1. TXRESETMODE must be set to sequenal mode.
2. All TXPMARESETMASK and TXPCSRESETMASK bits should be held High during the reset
sequence before TXRESETDONE is detected High.
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